Figure 15 ceramic pots with planters on wooden stand (source-google images

 Line

It is associated with eye movement/flow.

Straight lines are forceful, stable and structural. It directs the observer's eye faster than curved lines.

Curved/free-flowing lines are smooth, gentle, and graceful. It creates a relaxing dynamics movement.

 Form

The form is the overall shape and structure of a plant.

 Texture

It describes the surface finish of an object that can be seen or touched.

The texture of plants differs as the relationships between the leaves and branches differ.

Coarse, medium or fine or smooth, rough, glossy/dull are used to describe the texture.

 Scale

It refers to the size of an object or objects concerning the surroundings.

Adjusting scale can make a small space appear bigger or bigger space appear smaller.

Principles

Principles work with the combination of different elements  Unity

It can be found by the consistency of character units in a landscape.

Unity means that all parts of the landscape complement each other.

 Balance

In design, it refers to the equilibrium in visual attraction.

Symmetrical balance is when one side of the design is a mirror image of the other side, whereas Asymmetrical balance uses different forms, colours and textures to obtain balance.

 Transition-

It is a gradual change in plant form or form.

 Proportion

It refers to the size of plants with each other and the landscape as a whole. E.g. - One large pine tree compliment an office building but it would probably make a singlestory residence appear short.

 Rhythm

When the elements of design create a sense of motion which attract the viewer's eye it is called rhythm. It reduces confusion in the design

 Focalization

The leading of visual observation toward a feature by placement and this feature is the focal point between radial/approaching lines.

 Repetition

The repeated use of elements like plants with identical shape, line, form, texture and/or colour. It is caused by not using much variety in the design which creates a busy appearance.

 Simplicity

The reduction of elements to its simplest, functional form, which reduce unnecessary cost and maintenance.

2.2ORGANISING SPACES

The different ways to use the plant to create desired spaces are as following: Grouping of plants: Some foliage plants complement and grow better in groups. The rule for grouping of plants is to place the plants with similar needs together. A group can be created by closely related plants or contrasting coloured/ shaped/ textured plants. E.g.-different kinds of cactus or bromeliad, o Adding colour to groups: The arrangement of bright coloured foliage plant within any group of dark foliage plants can brighten the space. o Adding flower to groups: Flowers can be used to contrast or complement the leaves of plants. A few flowers can be used to transform small foliage arrangements into table’s centrepieces. o Contrasting shapes: The different types of foliage plants are placed together they become a focal point.

Figure 3grouping of plants showing contrast in colours, leaves and flowers (sourcegoogle images)

 Brightening small areas:

In interior spaces, small space can be brightening up the dull spaces. Plants are not only ornamental but alive. Flowering pot plants can add life in dead spots and make them interesting.

Figure 4 table pot adding texture & colour to a small space (source- google images)  Using medium-size plants: there are small areas in a room which are too small to put some furniture yet too large to be ignored. The best solution to this issue is to place medium size plants.

Figure 5 Hibiscus plant placed in non-usable (source-google images)

 Using large areas:

Offices are the perfect area for large plants as large windows provide a proper medium of light to come inside the office and help in the growth of the large plant.

It is important to understand that placing a large number of tall plants can make the space look small. One or two well-positioned plants provide be far more attractive aesthetic value than a group of tall plants put together.

Figure 6 Tall bamboo palm tree (source-google images)

 Climbing and trailing plants:

The lack of ability to grow up without support makes the climbing plants appropriate for decorating the vertical plane. They can fall from wall hanging pots, niches, shelves and freely suspended baskets.

 Room dividers:

Plant arrangements help to provide a partial enclosure. The type of plants and its arrangements such as small group arrangements, terrarium, bottle garden on a low

table and living screen of rapid climbers helps to achieve the kind of barrier or distraction which is a need in the space. The shape and size of the room is an important consideration while using room dividers. It is more effective to place 13 plants in strategic positions. The height of plant helps to decide the type of barrier which is required in the space. E.g. Short plants only provide physical barrier but not virtual barrier while tall shrubs provide both physical and virtual barrier.

Figure 7 pots placed over an elevated surface dividing the space. (Source-google images)

 Using window areas:

The windows light is mostly the main source of natural light inside a building.

Hence it is a suitable place to place the plants near the windows. The window space not only provides natural light but also ventilation for the plants, but the intensity of the light varies according to the time of year and the location. Plants in the southern window can filter the direct bright light and can be used to create a more soothing environment for summers.

Figure 8 small plants near window (source-google images)

 Plants in containers: