Document Activity Level 3 Unit 4 Â
Nationalities Country
Description
Australia
The Australian flag
Austria
The Austrian flag
Belgium
The Belgium flag
Brazil
The Brazilian flag
Canada
The Canadian flag
China
The Chinese flag
Denmark
The Danish flag
The Flag
Egypt
The Egyptian flag
England
The English Flag
Finland
The Finnish flag
France
The French flag
Germany
The German flag
Greece
The Greek flag
Hungary
The Hungarian flag
Ireland
The Irish flag
Italy
The Italian flag
Japan
The Japanese flag
Mexico
The Mexican flag
Poland
The Polish flag
Portugal
The Portugese flag
Russia
The Russian flag
Scotland
The Scottish flag
South Africa
The South African flag
Spain
The Spanish flag
Sweden
The Swedish flag
Switzerland The Swiss flag The Netherland
The Dutch flag
s
Turkey
The Turkish flag
The UK
The Union Flag
The USA
The American flag
Examples: Indian Mexican Japanese American Italian Russian German Egyptian French Chinese
CONTENT
Simple Present Conjugacion Verbo TO BE en Presente Affirmative Form
Negative Form
Interrogative Form
(Forma afirmativa)
(Forma negativa)
(Fra interrogativa)
I am Student/ at Home
I am not Student/ at Home
Am I Student/ at Home?
You are Student/ at Home
You are not Student/ at Home
Are you Student/ at Home?
He is Student/ at Home
He is not Student/ at Home
Is he Student/ at Home?
She is Student/ at Home
She is not Student/ at Home
Is she Student/ at Home?
We are Students/ at Home
We are not Students/ at Home
Are we Students/ at Home?
They are Students/ at Home
They are not Students/ at Home
Are They Students/ at Home?
You are Students/ at Home
You are not Students/ at Home
Are you Students/ at Home?
It is Student/ at Home
It is not Student/ at Home
Is it Student/ at Home?
Conjugacion de Verbos en Presente El Do (I, you, they, we) y Does (It, He, She) son auxiliaries que nos ayudan a negar y a preguntar Affirmative Form
Negative Form
Interrogative Form
(Forma afirmativa)
(Forma negativa)
(Fra interrogativa)
I work in a school
I don’t work in a school
Do I work in a school
You work in a school
You don’t work in a school
Do You work in a school
He works in a school
He doesn’t work in a school
Does He work in a school
She works in a school
She doesn’t work in a school
Does She work in a school
We work in a school
We don’t work in a school
Do We work in a school
They work in a school
They don’t work in a school
Do They work in a school
You work in a school
You don’t work in a school
Do You work in a school
It works in a school
It doesn’t work in a school
Does It work in a school
USE 1 Repeated Actions
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do. Examples: • I play tennis. • She does not play tennis. • Does he play tennis? • The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. • The train does not leave at 9 AM. • When does the train usually leave? • She always forgets her purse. • He never forgets his wallet.
• Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun. • Does the Sun circle the Earth?
USE 2 Facts or Generalizations
The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things. Examples: • Cats like milk. • Birds do not like milk. • Do pigs like milk? • California is in America. • California is not in the United Kingdom. • Windows are made of glass. • Windows are not made of wood. • New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue.
USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future
Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.
Examples: • The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. • The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. • When do we board the plane? • The party starts at 8 o'clock. • When does class begin tomorrow? USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs. Examples: • I am here now. • She is not here now. • He needs help right now. • He does not need help now. • He has his passport in his hand. • Do you have your passport with you? ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You only speak English. Do you only speak English? Examples: This is a country. It’s also a continent. I’m a mother. I’m also a daughter. This man is exercising. He’s also watching television. You speak English and Russian. Do you speak other languages? Yes, I also speak Spanish.
Simple Past Affirmative Form
Negative Form
Interrogative Form
(Forma afirmativa)
(Forma negativa)
(Fra interrogativa)
I was Student/ at Home
I was not Student/ at Home
Was I Student/ at Home?
You were Student/ at Home
You were not Student/ at Home
Were you Student/ at Home?
He was Student/ at Home
He was not Student/ at Home
Was he Student/ at Home?
She was Student/ at Home
She was not Student/ at Home
Was she Student/ at Home?
We were Students/ at Home
We were not Students/ at Home
Were we Students/ at Home?
They were Students/ at Home
They were not Students/ at Home
Were They Students/ at Home?
You were Students/ at Home
You were not Students/ at Home
Were you Students/ at Home?
It was Student/ at Home
It was not Student/ at Home
Was it Student/ at Home?
USE 1 Completed Action in the Past
USE 1 Completed Action in the Past
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.
Examples: • I saw a movie yesterday. • I didn't see a play yesterday. • Last year, I traveled to Japan. • Last year, I didn't travel to Korea. • Did you have dinner last night? • She washed her car. • He didn't wash his car. USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions
We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on. Examples: • I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. • He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00. • Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?
USE 3 Duration in Past
The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two y
ears, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc. Examples: • I lived in Brazil for two years. • Shauna studied Japanese for five years. • They sat at the beach all day. • They did not stay at the party the entire time. • We talked on the phone for thirty minutes. • A: How long did you wait for them? B: We waited for one hour.
USE 4 Habits in the Past
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc. Examples: • I studied French when I was a child. • He played the violin. • He didn't play the piano. • Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid? • She worked at the movie theater after school. • They never went to school, they always skipped class.
USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations
The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to." Examples: • She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing. • He didn't like tomatoes before. Did you live in Texas when you were a kid? Examples: What did you bring to the party? I brought French food. The election was yesterday. He lost the election. He won the election. Last month he won the election. Did you win? Yes, we won again! Where is your book? I forgot it again
Pronouns Personal pronouns, Possessive determiners, Possessive pronouns Personal pronouns as object as subject (accusative and (nominative) dative) I me you you he him she her it it we us you you they them 1 2 We have some The books are for books. us.
Examples: His mother is a businesswoman. Her father is a businessman. His wife is a businesswoman.
Possessive determiners
Possessive pronouns
my your his her its our your their 3 These are our books.
mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 4 The books are ours.
Passive Voice Use of Passive Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action. Example: My bike was stolen. In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it. Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows: Example: A mistake was made. In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.). Form of Passive Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs) Example: A letter was written. When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following: • the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence • the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) • the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Examples of Passive Tense Simple Active: Present Passive: Simple Past Active: Passive: Present Active: Perfect Passive: Future I Active: Passive: Hilfsverben Active: Passive:
Subject Rita A letter Rita A letter Rita A letter Rita A letter Rita A letter
Verb writes is written wrote was written has written has been written will write will be written can write can be written
Object a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita.
Examples of Passive Tense Present Active: Progressive Passive: Past Active: Progressive Passive: Past Perfect Active: Passive: Future II Active: Passive:
Subject Rita A letter Rita A letter Rita A letter Rita A letter
Verb is writing is being written was writing was being written had written had been written will have written will have been written would write would be written would have written would have been written
Object a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita.
Conditional I Conditional II
Active: Passive: Active: Passive:
Rita A letter Rita A letter
a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita.
Passive Sentences with Two Object Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.
Active: Passive: Passive:
Subject Rita A letter I
Verb wrote was written was written
Object 1 a letter to me a letter
Object 2 to me. by Rita. by Rita.
Examples: When was this photo taken? This photo was taken last winter. Where is Spanish spoken? Spanish is spoken in Spain, Mexico, and most of South America. When was this mosque built? This mosque was built in 1287. Antarctica was discovered in 1820. This temple was discovered in Mexico. These statues were discovered on an island. This city was discovered in South America.
Use of Articles A and An "A" goes before all words that begin with consonants. • a cat • a dog • a purple onion • a buffalo • a big apple With one exception: Use "an" before unsounded h. • an honorable peace • an honest error "An" goes before all words that begin with vowels: • an apricot • an egg • an Indian • an orbit • an uprising With two exceptions: When u makes the same sound as the y in you, or o makes the same sound as w in won, then a is used. • • • • • •
a a a a a a
union united front unicorn used napkin U.S. ship one-legged man
Prepositions Prepositions – Place (Position and Direction) English Usage Example • in • room, building, street, town, country • in the kitchen, in London
• at
• on
• by,
• book, paper etc.
• in the book
• car, taxi
• in the car, in a taxi
• picture, world
• in the picture, in the world
• meaning next to, by an object
• at the door, at the station
• for table
• at the table
• for events
• at a concert, at the party
• place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)
• at the cinema, at school, at work
• attached
• the picture on the wall
• for a place with a river
• London lies on the Thames.
• being on a surface
• on the table
• for a certain side (left, right)
• on the left
• for a floor in a house
• on the first floor
• for public transport
• on the bus, on a plane
• for television, radio
• on TV, on the radio
• left or right of somebody or n something e x t t o , b e s i d e
• under • on the ground, lower than (or
• Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.
• the bag is under the table
covered by) something else • below • lower than something else but above ground • over
• the fish are below the surface
• covered by something else
• put a jacket over your shirt
• meaning more than
• over 16 years of age
• getting to the other side (also across)
• walk over the bridge • climb over the wall
• overcoming an obstacle • above • higher than something else, but not directly over it
• a path above the lake
• acros • getting to the other side (also over) s • getting to the other side
• walk across the bridge • swim across the lake
• throu • something with limits on top, bottom • drive through the tunnel g and the sides h • to
• movement to person or building
• go to the cinema
• movement to a place or country
• go to London / Ireland
• for bed
• go to bed
• enter a room / a building
• go into the kitchen / the house
• towar • movement in the direction of d something (but not directly to s it)
• go 5 steps towards the house
• onto
• movement to the top of something
• jump onto the table
• from
• in the sense of where from
• a flower from the garden
• into
I am IN the desk
The cat is UNDER the chair.
The dog is BESIDE his friend.
The mother is BETWEEN the kids.
The dog is ON the table.
There is – There are • Use "this" when something is nearby. • Use "that" when something is a distance away. something is a distance away. This book belongs to you.
That dog is asleep. This shirt is mine. That car is his. - "These"(this) and "those" (that) are the plural forms of "this" and "that". These children have been reading all afternoon. (Meaning the ones in the same room) These are mine. Those children have been playing outside all day. Those are yours.
Examples: There are too many people on the subway.
There are not enough chairs for all of the children. I have too many books to carry. There are not enough computers for the children.
WH Questions
We use question words to ask certain types of questions. We often refer to them as WH words because they include the letters WH (for example WHy, How). Question Function Word what asking for information about something asking for repetition or confirmation
Example What is your name?
What? I can't hear you. You did what? what...for asking for a reason, asking why What did you do that for? when asking about time When did he leave? where asking in or at what place or position Where do they live? which asking about choice Which colour do you want? who asking what or which person or Who opened the door? people (subject) whom asking what or which person or Whom did you see? people (object) whose asking about ownership Whose are these keys? Whose turn is it? why asking for reason, asking what...for Why do you say that? why don't making a suggestion Why don't I help you?
how how + adj/adv how far how long how many how much how old how come (informal)
asking about manner asking about condition or quality asking about extent or degree
How does this work? How was your exam? see examples below
distance length (time or space) quantity (countable) quantity (uncountable) age asking for reason, asking why
How far is Pattaya from Bangkok? How long will it take? How many cars are there? How much money do you have? How old are you? How come I can't see her?
Examples: How many languages do you speak? Three: English, Italian, and a little Chinese. What’s on television? The king’s wedding is on television. Yes, I remember. This is when men first walked on the...on the...what is it called in English? In English, it’s called the “moon.” When did you see it? i saw it in 1973, when i was on vacation in the United States. How much do the flags cost? The flags cost two dollars.
For further Information visit these web pages: http://www.ego4u.com/ http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepresent.html