Livestock Genetic Resources of Karnataka- Present status and strategies for improving productivity Dr. R. Jayashree, Asst. Prof, Dr. M.R. Jayashankar, Prof. Head, Dept. of AGB, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore
Over view of Karnataka
Area of 191,976 square kilometres (5.83 % of the total area of India 11°30' North and 18°30' North latitudes and 74° East and 78°30' East longitude.
Map of Karnataka
Temperature Highest -45.6 °C (114.08 °F) at Raichur on May 23, 1928. Lowest -2.8 °C (37.04 °F) at Bidar on December 16, 1918
Karnataka has one of the highest average elevations of Indian states at 1,500 feet.
Four seasons in the year: Winter season from January to February Summer season from March to May Monsoon season from May to September Post-monsoon season from October to December.
Forest cover
Soil types
Crops cultivated
Milk federations (Procurement laks kg/day_) Bangalore (12 Taluks)
11.53
Tumkur(10 Taluks)
4.22
Mysore (11 Taluks)
5.38
Shimoga (3 districts)
3.21
Hassan (17 Taluks)
5.45
Mandya (7 Taluks)
5.24
Kolar (11 Taluks)
8.65
Dharwad (4 districts)
2.56
D. Kannada (2 districts)
1
Belgaum (10 Taluks)
0.95
Gulburga & Bidar (14 Taluks)
0.51
Bijapur & Bagalkot (11 taluks) 0.85 Raichur. Bellary & Koppal (3 districts)
1.5
• Nearly 65% of the total agricultural land is cultivable with • marginal farmers (48.23%) • small (26.56%) • semi-medium (16.86%) • medium (7.31%) and • large farmers (1.05%)
Overview of the study • Distribution of different livestock species in the various agro-climatic zones of Karnataka • Mapping the location of various breeds • Correlation between the kinds of farmers and the choice of species reared by them • Suggesting the strategies for future breeding plans
Status of cattle genetic resource The state has a total cattle population of 105 lakhs with 76 per cent of them being non-descript type. Native cattle breeds as Amrithmahal, Hallikar and Malnadgidda are distributed in the southern part of the state. Deoni breed is seen in the north eastern transition zone, Khillari breed in the northern transition zone and Krishnavalley breed in the northern dry zone. Crossbred cattle are predominantly seen in southern transition zone, eastern dry zone and coastal zone.
North eastern dry zone (Gulbarga, Raichur) Deoni
56.79% 34.64% 65017 i
North Eastern Transition zone (Bidar)
Deoni
Deo n
Zone
Zone Northern transition zone (Belgaum, Dharwad, Haveri) Northern dry zone (Bagalkot, Bijapur, Koppal, Bellary, Gadag) Khillari
Khillari 51.68% 29.39% 436882
RI A ILL H K
Zone Amruthmahal Hill zone (Chikmagalore) 41.53% Central dry zone 26.38% (Chitradurga, Davangere) Southern transition zone 19.46% (Shimoga. Hassan, Mysore) Amruthmahal 92317
TH U R L M A HA MA
Zone Southern transition zone (Shimoga. Hassan, Mysore) Eastern dry zone (Tumkur, Bangalore, Ramnagar, Chikballapur,Kolar) Hallikar
Hallikar 39.25% 27.86% 1960335
IKA LL HA R
Zone
Krishnavalley
Northern dry zone (Bagalkot, Bijapur, Koppal, Bellary, Gadag) North eastern dry zone (Gulbarga, Raichur, Yadgir) Krishnavalley
K
39.58% 18.06% 1905
Y E L AL V NA H RIS
Other indigenous/Nondescript
8012930
Crossbred
2063189
Overall cattle
10076507
-D n No
ipt c es
a aln M a idd dg
bre s s o r C
d
Status of buffalo genetic resource The buffalo population is 43.21 lakhs, with 87 per cent of them being non-descript. other breeds as the Murrah, Pandarpuri and Surthi are spread across the northern dry, northern transition and north eastern zones.
Buffalo Breeds
Northern transition zone
24.65%
Northern dry zone
19.13%
Murrah
99634
MURRAH
Northern transition zone
23.52%
Eastern dry zone Surthi
22.40% 339468
T SUR HI
SURTHI
Northern dry zone
21.98%
Northern transition zone
50.94%
Pandarpuri
6268
PAN DAR PUR I
Status of sheep genetic resource • The sheep and goat population are 95.32 lakhs with non- descript sheep constituting 51% of the population. • Kenguri and Bellary are found in northern dry zone • Deccani breed is distributed in the northern transition zone • Hassan and Mandya sheep breeds are found widely in the eastern dry zone.
SHEEPÂ BREEDS
Northern dry zone Bellari
33.10% 1725245
RI LLA BE
HASSAN
Eastern dry zone Southern dry zone Southern transition zone Hassan
43.86% 23.89% 29.53% 6335205
Eastern dry zone
43.18%
Southern dry zone
23.72%
Mandya
470659
YA D N A M
North Eastern dry zone Northern dry zone Kenguri
44.2% 48.4% 438346
KENGURI
Non-descript sheep Non-descript
Non-descript
Eastern dry zone- 30.69% Northern dry zone-25.85% Overall non-descript- 4913851
Status of goat genetic resource • The goat population is 61.43 lakhs with non- descript goats constituting 85% of the population. • Lesser known goat breeds as Nandidurg and Bidri are distributed in the central and northern part of the state respectively.
Northern transition zone- 64.08% Osmanabadi -208566
ad b a an m s O
i
Eastern dry zone (39.71%) Central dry zone (53.32%) Nandidurg- 635424
Nandidurg
Other indigenous (Jamnapari, Sirohi, Non-descript)
North eastern dry zone(28.48%) Northern dry zone(21.4%) Eastern dry zone (15.59%) Non- descript - 5232291
No n
-d
es
cr ipt
Distribution of different types of farmers
Observation 1 • Marginal farmer prefer to rear crossbred cattle • Highest number of small farmers prefer cattle rearing and buffalo rearing • Medium, semi-medium and large farmers prefer to rear sheep and goats
Observation-2 • Barren, cultivable waste land and pasture are higher in eastern dry zone • Fallow lands are highest in northern dry zone • Trees are highest in coastal zone • Pasture land and other fallow lands are highest in Southern transition zone • Total cropped areas are higher in Northern dry zone and North eastern dry zone.
Observation-3 • All of the livestock species are found in Eastern dry zone • Buffalo, sheep and goat are preferred in northern zones (NETZ and NDZ) • Cattle, buffalo and crossbred are predominant in southern transition zone • Sheep is the major species in Central dry zone and crossbred cattle is predominant in coastal zone
Conclusion • Breeding programme should be planned based on the type of farmers and their preference, land utilization pattern, availability of fodder and agricultural practices • Breed distribution in different agro-climatic zones should be a criteria for conservation of different breeds • Region specific breeding policy has to developed
Thank You