2000?
Towards a energy positive community for the 2000watt living campus BARGIEKAAI - ENERGY
Maig 22 Climate Design & Sustainability KU-Leuven Department of Architecture (Gent) 2020 Aniqa Nawar, Anahita Kamali, Ahmed Fatih Tanç, Nabila Noshin, Inês de Oliveira Matoso Guilherme Paulo
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 2. THE CITY SCALE 3.THE VILLAGE SCALE - Analysis - Energy Devices - Bargiekaai Living Campus - Energy in relation to other themes 4. BBUILDING SCALE - Construction Phases - Plans - Materials and Elevations - Sections - Low Techniques 5. DETAIL SCALE 6. ENERGY SCALE 7. CONCLUSION
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TEAM AND CONTENT
TEAM MEMBERS ‘NAKAMA’ Aniqa Nawar- Urban Counsellor & Designer Anahita Kamali- Passive Building Expert & Designer Nabila Noshin- Manager & Designer Ahmed Fatih Tanç- Energy Expert Inês de Oliveira Matoso Guilherme Paulo- Researcher FUNCTION Housing - 12 room 4 people - 17 room 1 person - Common area Total 65 people CO-WORKING SPACE - 200 people
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GENERAL OVERVIEW MIXED-USE Multi-functional building with classrooms, coworking space and student housing
OPEN PLAN
Flexible use of spaces with an adaptive plan
CITY SCALE CONNECTION Energy connection and interactive connection with the community
EDUCATIONAL VALUE N building as an exhibit connected to the energy building, and coworking space for educational interaction
STUDENT HOUSING Student housing units, flexible for a group of friends or individual students
ENERGY PRODUCTION Using natural resources for energy production
GREEN TERRACING
Making the terraces green for a continuous green connection and purification
PASSIVE BUILDING Making the terraces green for a continuous green connection and purification
CITY SCALE
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LIVING CAMPUS: The living campus will be achieved through an integrated campus area within the community and city scale. The campus having no boundary invites the community to interact. The proposed program of student housing and co-working space only enhances the opportunity to interconnect the neighborhood and overin all Ghent. The educational value of being energy neutral is activated within the living campus with various production of renewable energy.
VISION 2050: Our vision for 2040 is the maximum reduction in energy consumption by producing energy resources locally. The city of Ghent uses various renewable energy resources and innovations to use these resources to its highest potential is the goal. Energy supplies from offshore wind farms reached a new record high in 2019, producing enough energy for 1.34 million households and making Belgium one of the leading countries for wind energy production. Today Ghent is home to 22 wind turbines, the majority of which are located in the Ghent port area. Even the residual heat has great potential in renewable energy sector. Ivago has been supplying the University Hospital with steam via an underground pipe since 2007 and the city of Ghent has been using district heating system to minimize overall energy consumption. The biogas can be a future resource as each cubic meter (m3) of biogas contains the equivalent of 6 kWh of calorific energy.
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2000 W Society in the Living Campus, Bargiekaai
1. Living & Office space - 3.6 MW Living & Office space - 600W x 6000 = 3600000 W 2. Food & consumer discretionary - 2.4 MW Food & consumer discretionary - 400W x 6000 = 2400000 W 3. Electricity - 2.4 MW Electricity - 400W x 6000 = 2400000 W 4. Automobile travel - 0.6 MW Automobile travel - 100W x 6000 = 600000 W 5. Public transportation - 1.2 MW Public transportation - 200W x 6000 = 1200000 W 6. Public infrastructure - 1.8 MW Public infrastructure - 300W x 6000 = 1800000 W TOTAL - 12 MW
Energy Loop in different scales
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Village Rules:
1. 2000watt The energy consumption should be reduced to achieve the 2000watt and 1 ton CO2 emission annually per person in 2050.
2. Optimum use of daylight and natural ventilation The new buildings should use natural light to save unnecessary energy consumption during daytime. The natural ventilation system also reduces energy consumption in summer. South facade for windows and West facade should have shading devices.
3. Passive Building The passive building rules should be followed to keep the heating demand low. The choice of building materials should be connected with reduced CO2 emission and high insulation.
4. Solar panels The unused roof surfaces should have PV panels /solar panels to produce energy for the electricity demand of that building. Roofs with other use should have at least 20% available for the solar panels.
5. Organic waste Any organic waste including food waste, human feces etc should be redirected to the biogas plants to be used for biogas energy production.
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VILLAGE SCALE Site Analysis
Sun path, Heat gain and Wind flow study diagram
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Solar Radiation and Energy Gain
B - 1802 m2 area suitable for solar panels - Average solar radiation on this roof is 1022 kwh/m2 - Solar panels with an average efficiency supply 164.367 kwh annually Solar Panels: 787
Orientation Angle
270 o 15 o
E - 5314 m2 area suitable for solar panels - Average solar radiation on this roof is 992 kwh/m2 - Solar panels with an average efficiency supply 470.480 kwh annually Solar Panels: 350
Orientation Angle
270 o 15 o
F - 846 m2 area suitable for solar panels - 975 kwh/m2 average solar radiation - 49.253 kwh annually Sloping Roof Flat Roof - 541 m2 for solar panels - 941 kwh/m2 solar radiation - 45.435 kwh annually Solar Panels: 463
Orientation Angle
270 o 15 o
P - 1677 m2 area suitable for solar panels - Average solar radiation on this roof is 1006 kwh/m2 - Solar panels with an average efficiency supply 150.570 kwh annually Solar Panels: 606
Orientation Angle
270 o 15 o
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ENERGY DEVICES Total Energy demand for 6000 students – (2000watt x 5/7) x 6000 students = 8,6 MegaWatt/year Total Reneable Energy = 18.4 MegaWatt/year
4.620 Solar Panes= 923.528 kWatt/year
Bio-gas Plant= 10.512.000 kWatt/year
Solar/PV Panels
Biogas Plant
Wind Turbines Wind Turbines= 7.000 kWatt/year
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Micro-Bio Fuel Cell Micro-bio Fuel Cell= 1.476 kWatt/year
Energy Generating Pedestrian Tiles Pedestrian Pavement= 6.000.000 kWatt/year
Residual Heat
Heat Pumps= 14.600 kWatt/year
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B BUILDING
-Solar panels on the roof -Residue of cafeteria’s food waste for biogas plant
WATER GROUP
-Taking the campus black water and also heating the campus from the residue heat of Gent heating line -Giving renewable energy
BIOGAS PLANT
-In connection to water group,food group, neighborhood and the cafeteria for making energy -The produced energy is later stored in batteries
VERTICAL WIND TURBINES
MOBILITY GROUP
-Using the pedestrian way to light up the campus -Giving renewable energy to the mobility group for charging the cars
F & G BUILDINGS -Using the roofs for maximum solar panel implementation
VILLAGE BARGIEKAAI
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NEIGHBORHOOD
-Taking organic waste and black water
ENERGY BUILDING
-Using N building for the microbiofuel cell
-Giving renewable energy
-Producing energy from the solar panels and wind turbines on roof for the campus
FOOD GROUP
-Taking organic waste -Giving renewable energy
HEAT PUMPS FROM THE NEIGHBORHOOD
-Using the residual heat to heat the water of the campus
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VILLAGE BARGIEKAAI: Relation between the themes
Neighborhood + Energy We are giving renewable energy to the neighborhood and taking black water
Water + Energy
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We are giving renewable energy to the water group and taking black water of the campus from them. The water group will also help us heat the campus through residue heat from the gent heating line.
Food + Energy We are giving renewable energy to the food group from our micro-bio fuel cell and taking organic waste from them
Mobility + Energy We are giving renewable energy to charge cars and we will make energy by using our pedestrians to light up the campus grounds.
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BUILDING SCALE:
Construction Phases
1. Outline Foundation of former building is protected. And outline of new purposal follows tracing of it.
2. Grid Structure Modular glulam structure increase the adaptations for possible future changes.
3. Entrance Building opens up to main entrance to campus. This invitations highlighted by Algea Biofuel Reactor.
Entrance
Algea Biofuel Reactor.
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4. Roof Roof is now more than water insulation. It produces energy that building needs. Glass part of roof gets light inside the building as well as ventilating building.
5. Circulation Circulation and open spaces creates flexible spaces and healthy environment.
NE
6. Facade Each facade designed according to orientation to sun and function it SW
contains.
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GEBR. DE SM
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SMETSTRAAT
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
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MATERIALS
MATERIALS
STRUCTURE - GLULAM/CLT Column - 70x70 cm (HEAVIER LOAD) 50x50 cm (MEDIUM LOAD) 40x40 cm (LIGHT LOAD) Beam - base should have 40 cm and height should have 82 cm
WALL - BRICK and CLT
We will be using walls with 25 cm of thickness BEDROOM FOR 1 PERSON Wall 4,55x3,55 m Wall 6,24x3,55 m
BEDROOM FOR 4 PEOPLE Wall 6,7x3,55 m Wall 10,4x3,55 m
BRICK (thermal conductivity)
59,44 MW
81,52 MW
87,53 MW
135,87 MW
CLT (thermal conductivity)
38,77 MW
53,16 MW
57,08 MW
88,61 MW
U Value (BRICK) - 0.445 W/K m2 U Value (CLT) - 0.267 W/K m2
SLAB/FLOOR U Value - 0,460 W/K m2 U Value (Screed) - 60 W/K m2
U Value - 0,475 W/K m2 U Value (Screed) - 37,5 W/K m2
wood screed underfloor heating xps
tile screed underfloor heating xps
glulam/clt glulam/
glulam/clt glulam/
Elevation from the campus
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ENERGY Generatio
PURIFICATION of air
The clean energy of sun and wind is used from the implementation of solar panels and wind turbines. Facades are designed with shadings based on the orientations. Ventilation happens in a natural way. SOLAR PANELS ORIENTED FOR THE MAXIMUM SOLAR GAIN
GREEN BALCONIES PURIFY THE AIR
NATURAL VENTILATION THROUGH STACK EFFECT
SOLAR PANELS AS THE MAIN CLEAN ENERGY PROVIDERS
ATRIUM OPENINGS FOR NATURAL VENTILATION, COLLABORATING WITH SOLAR PANELS
HORIZONTAL WIND TURBINES FOR CLEAN ENERGY
GREEN FACADE FOR PURIFYING THE AIR AND COOLING VIA EVAPORATINON
NATURAL VENTILATION
SKYLIGHTS TO GAIN NATURAL LIGHT FOR THE CLASSROOMS
The green balconies and also green facade help for a better ventilation and purifying the air naturally.
GREEN FACADE INSULATES AGAINST HEAT AND COLD
Road Side Elevation
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OPTIMALLY DESIGNED WINDOWS WITH SHADING
VERTICAL LOUVRES FOR SHADING TOWARDS SOUTH
SECTION AA
SECTION BB
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BUILDING E
HOUSING
CO-WORKING SPACE
CLASS ROOMS
MICRO-BIO FUEL CELL 32
HOUSING UNITS Adaptive living
The housing units are in the second and third floor. The diversity of units is divided into shared rooms with 4 people and private rooms for a single person. All the rooms have a shower and washbasin inside. The rooms for 4 are following an adaptive design, where the residents can have more interaction or privacy by opening or closing the partition walls.
TYPE 1 AREA: 32 m2 PRIVATE ROOM PRIVATE SHOWER WASHBASIN
TYPE 2 AREA: 76 m2 SHARED ROOM FLEXIBLE ROOM WITH ACOUSTIC PARTITIONS SHARED SHOWER FOR 4 PEOPLE WASHBASIN
COWORKING OPEN PLAN Flexible working and studying
The coworking space is designed with an open plan that has the option for both communal working and individual working or studying, People who prefer individual working have more quite in the cabin like small spaces and the communal spaces can merge together with opening the partitions and making a bigger space.
INDIVIDUAL WORKING SPACE
THE SEPARATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNAL WORKING SPACES
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COMMUNAL WORKING SPACE
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DETAIL SCALE
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the vegetation layer work as the an evaporative cooling device. This make the building low-technically accurate and comfortable during summer.
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20cm cavity
exterior brick wall
glulam beam
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steel joists
triple glazed window (operable)
galvanized steel mesh for vegetation
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1cm recycled rubber sound absorbption
screed sill
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7cm CLT panel floor finish
6cm flooring grade rigid wood fibre insulation
2cm floor protection membrane
20cm screed slab water barrier 6cm thermal insulation 3cm gypsum fibre board
150mm insulation
DETAIL 01 scale 1:20
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
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OUTSIDE
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INSIDE
exterior brick wall
the triple glazed window is faced towards south-west orientation, so vertical glulam fins are added as sun-shading devices. The window is pivoted so, the hot air can pass through from upper level.
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15cm insulation
screed sill layer
4cm wide vertical fins for sunshade 7cm CLT panel floor finish
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triple glazed pivoted window
1cm recycled rubber sound absorbption
pivoted window hinge
6cm flooring grade rigid wood fibre insulation 2cm floor protection membrane 20cm screed slab water barrier 6cm thermal insulation 3cm gypsum fibre board
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10
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moisture insulatation
DETAIL 02 scale 1:20
the solar panels on the rooftop produces enough energy for our building. the panels angled at 15 degree and produces the optimum energy during daytime. 7cm CLT panel floor finish
1cm recycled rubber sound absorbption 6cm flooring grade rigid wood fibre insulation
photovoltaic solar panel
2cm floor protection membrane
screw joints
20cm screed slab
plastic backing layer
water barrier 6cm thermal insulation 3cm gypsum fibre board
junction box for electrical connection
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4
aluminum frame
exterior brick wall insulation
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screed sill layer
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DETAIL 03 scale 1:20
Transmission losses windo Unused solar gains
Unused transmission losse
transmission losses
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net energy demand cooling
ventilation
util
ows
Opaque transmission losses Utilized transmission losses/ windows
es
Solar gains
n losses
infiltration losses
lized transmission losses
Utilized solar gains Utilized transmission losses
net heating energy requirement
utilized ventilation losses
utilized internal heat gains
utilized infiltration losses
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exploited solar gains
utilized infiltration losses
Solar gains
Transmission losses windo Unused solar gains
Unused transmission losse
transmission losses
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net energy demand cooling
ventilation
util
ows
Opaque transmission losses Utilized transmission losses/ windows
es
Solar gains
n losses
infiltration losses
lized transmission losses
Utilized solar gains Utilized transmission losses
net heating energy requirement
utilized ventilation losses
utilized internal heat gains
utilized infiltration losses
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exploited solar gains
utilized infiltration losses
Solar gains
ENERGY SCALE: Wind Analysis
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Bargiekaai energy building is located in a campus with other building proposals that are working as a whole towards tackling climatic issues. Indeed, the building that works for a 2000w society in year 2040, meaning that the annual energy use per person is going to be reduced to that specific amount. In th neighbourhood. We tried to think of a sustainable building in the future, with the least changes in the outline of the existing buildings defined in the campus. As the energy to the ground level. The natural ventilation and wind direction are facilitated owing to the different facade designs, which also provide the vital shadings fo cades in the proposal is also followed by the benefits we could get from different orientation. p To elaborate the synergy, the communication with the neighbourhood and other buildings in the campus is happening throughout trading energy. In the e have worked towards a building that serves for both learning and living needs of its users. We are proposing a coworking space that is a functional connec is a result of the resources we decided to use: Solar panels, wind turbines, biogas plants and micro-biofuel plant. The decision of having these resources wa aspect, we tried keeping the grid system while suggesting sustainable materials such as glulam, clt and bricks based on the function of the levels and zo
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e proposal is considering architectural aspects and serving as a connection for its surrounding community as well. The aim of the design is to propose a his manner, we came up with a plan based on synergy amongst the other buildings in the campus; strengthening the identity of the energy campus in the
y group, the environmental analysis is the main factor that we considered alongside this fact. The architectural design is defined in three new levels added or the southern facades. We tried to implement our ideas of using natural means to serve our building’s needs, hence the zonings and the design of the fa-
end our building would be producing more energy for than just itself. On the other hand, the synergy also happens in our own building architecturally; we ction between the campus and the city. In terms of energy consumption and production, our living campus will produce 11.4 Megawatt annually. This amount as taken based on producing energy and trading energy that is using low techniques as much as possible. Following the sustainable synergy in the materials onings we are having. Resilience of this design proposal lies in the fact that different aspects of it will be working in favour of a sustainable building.
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KULEUVEN 2020