SUBCULTURE INCUBATOR the inverted forum 1
Anita M. Hsieh Design Thinking | Spring 2012
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table of contents 1
Ben Fehrmann Design Thinking Professor Gina Gage Design Thinking Teaching Assistant Washington University in St. Louis Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts Graduate School of Architecture
1 introduction: graffiti
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2 concept
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3 program proposal
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4 site documentation
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5 precedent analysis
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6 bibliography
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7 image citations
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introduction:
GRAFFITI
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Prehistoric cave sketches Lascaux, France
15,000 BC
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graffiato (italian) graphire (latin)
Graffiti
introduction
to scratch to write
writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place *
gruh•fee•tee
Graffiti is a universal mechanism for communication, with the purpose to disseminate information to an indeterminate amount of people. Graffiti’s purpose to record, ellicit emotional and physical response goes as far back as the cavemen and the days of Pompeii. There is graffiti that acts as a “tattoo,” a type of memorial, as an act of declaring one’s relationship to another, remembering someone’s death, etc. There are also types that hold a political agenda, such as those protesting wars and political figures, or voicing opinions about the government. And then there are “generic” types of graffiti that most are familiar with, which relate to gang tags and murals of hip hop culture, that act to claim a territory, a presence. Collectively, graffiti acts as an informal platform where those whose voices aren’t normally heard, are given chances of recognition; a means of communicating and self expression. Learning from graffiti, a building or public space can itself become an effective tool of dialogue, where the communicator and the receivers are in constant interaction. Dictionary.com*
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Graffiti in Pompeii Pompeii, Italy
Visitor etchings at Abu Simbel Aswan, Egypt
79 AD
19th Century AD
introduction
Graffiti of the Past The earliest evidence of art, or rather graffiti, was found in the caves in Lascaux, France. The cave, discovered in 1940, was full of paintings of animals, human figures, and abstract signs. The paintings were a way of documentation of livestock, hunting records, and threatening predators. In Pompeii, graffiti was used in many ways as a way of communication, whether it be for praise, slander, or of a sexual nature. In the left image, graffiti for a political campaign is exhibited on an exterior wall of a building. In ancient Egypt, heiroglyphs, stratchings in rock, were the formal means of communication of the empire. Years later, in the 1800s, rock tombs in Aswan were discovered. Those who claimed discovery etched their names in stone as a way of claiming and recording their time there as for those after them to observe and acknowledge.
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Work by Dr. Hofmann Barcelona, Spain
Flood Wall St. Louis, Missouri
2008
2012
introduction
Graffiti of the Present The most “generic,” obvious type of graffiti comes in the form of letters and tags, tattoos of the urban realm. A gang can leave their tag on a wall as a claim of territory; other tags could be declarations of love, or a declaration of memoriam (“RIP Blaze”). These forms of communication are usually one-dimensional, one-message interpretations. Other forms of graffiti take on a more political and emotional role, especially in areas involved in conflict of some kind. In much of stencil art, political figures and other objects are ironically juxtaposed to form a charged message, either of protest or of simply whimsy. In both ways, the message is being posted and is being communicated through its medium.
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“
To most people, graffiti is just background scenery, urban wallpaper... to those who write it, however, it is a secret sign language. There’s conversations between people who haven’t met, through writing.
Nancy Macdonald, 2001
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introduction
spontaneity mobility graffiti & movement
subculture
[suhb•kuhl•cher] (n)• (Refering to Sociology) the cultural values and behavioral patterns distinctive of a particular group in a society a group having social, economic, ethnic, or other traits distinctive enough to distinguish it from others within the same culture or society
Graffiti is activated through movement. When graffiti is viewed, it has already been painted on a wall, static. The life of graffiti lies in the application itself. Graffiti is a transient art; usually charged through impulse and drive to leave one’s trace behind. Graffiti is also a movement itself, a call for action due to a belief, as well as a representation of select groups of people in society. Graffiti is a type of subcultural movement and activity, usually associated with the underground realm of the city.
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Computer simulation of growth of bacteria James Matthews
introduction
cultivation growth graffiti as bacteria
subculture
[suhb•kuhl•cher] (v)• (Refering to Bacteriology) to inoculate onto another medium; to cultivate (a bacterial strain) again on a new medium
Graffiti can also be interpreted as bacteria. Graffiti acts as the baterial spore that is applied to a medium, much like a bacterial culture is applied to a petri dish. In the physical sense, a wall starts bare; someone tags the wall overnight; the tag is viewed and acknowledged; the wall is covered with tags by the end of the week. In a psychological sense, graffiti is bacterial because there is no rationale as to why it is, how it appears, and how it spreads; it is all up to dictation of the artist (graffiti) and nature (bacteria). Not all bacteria is bad, as is the case with graffiti. In fact, the “good” bacteria is vital in maintaining balance within nature. Also, bacteria can grow, spread and evolve itself depending on the medium it is injected into. In a similar way, graffiti can be interpreted as a type of bacterial subculture, a means of communication that is injected into the urban landscape in a way to interpret and spread information and evolve its surroundings.
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concept research
Projection at Tijuana Cultural Center, Krzysztof Wodiczko (1988)
stimuli tattoo Graffiti
mechanism platform medium
receptor
catalyst
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messenger
materialize
transmit
stimuli
receptor
stimulate
incubate
concept research
graffiti as communicator Graffiti is a medium of communication, where the messenger is the artist, whose main purpose is to put something on display for an indeterminate-size audience. The messenger uses a medium to convey a message, and through the medium, the information is seen by the audience, who act as receptors. Graffiti is a temporal art --- it can be taken down as fast as it is put up. This type of art thrives in its own transience, as these visual pieces are constantly changing, usually without prior notice. Graffiti is transient also because of its mobility to be anywhere, to appear at any time, and to be created by anyone.
[roman]forum The roman forum, rectangular plaza surrounded by ruins; the center of Roman public life. site of processions, elections, speeches, trials, gladiatoral matches, etc.
A modern forum can be created to allow for public interaction and display of temporary, liminal art.
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The roman forum was located in the heart of the city. No event was ever permanently fixed; the space was used for many different events, such as marketplaces, parades, political debates, and even executions.
Open flexible event space at Platoon Kunstalle, in Seoul, Korea. Events are constantly rotating; seen above, the space has been used to host a flea market.
concept research
characteristics of [graffiti] communication transient [tran•zee•uhnt]
(adj)•
not lasting, enduring, or permanent; transitory. Staying only a short time.
(n)• a person or thing that is transient, such as a temporary guest, boarder, laborer, or the like. • (Refering to Electricity) a sudden pulse of voltage or current.
liminality [lim•uh•nal•i•tee]
(n)• the condition of being on a threshold or at the beginning of a process. > latin root limen • (Referring to Medical Term limen) the threshold of a physiological or psychological response. • The external opening of a canal; an entrance.
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materialize / discover
materialize
Abandoned buildings provide a canvas for those looking to express themselves or to find place of shelter. There are certain groups of people that are drawn to places like this: graffiti artists, the homeless, urban spelunkers, to name a few. Those discoverers feel like an outsider looking in, but soon claim the space as their own.
trans
concept research Krzysztof Wodiczko. Guests, video projection installation. Polish Pavilion at the 53rd International Art Exhibition in Venice
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paint / communicate
transmit
It starts with a subversive act of painting abandoned buildings. In some cases of street art, what was once seen as illegal activity is now a permitted act. Also, it is not limited to street art -- communication can happen with projections, light installations, etc.
stim
concept research “Facade printer.” Software-controlled inkjet printer that creates images at an architectural scale. Like a magic pen, the facade printer is a large scale communication tool. Source: Design Boom
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collect / stimulate
stimulate
Abandoned, gritty places and graffiti make for spaces that draws in a unique crowd of people, such as homeless people, discoverers/ recreationalists (students, fishers, bikers, etc.), and of course expressors ( graffiti artists, etc.) These places with applied stimulation act as a collector of people, drawing people to the place.
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concept research
“Yarn-bombing”. Also called guerilla knitting, it is a type of street art that employs colorful displays of knitted yarn. This type of graffiti was initally about reclaiming and personalizing public spaces.
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recreate / incubate
incubate
Through taking advantage of the environment that graffiti creates in an abandoned place, there lies opportunity to recreate a space that takes advantage of the unharnessed creativity that exists there. This place will be a collective where creative minds and various groups of subcultures can feed off one anothers’ creative energy.
concept research
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cinema
fashion
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art
culture
political activists
communication
graffiti artists
club culture graphic design
program proposal inverted forum A gathering of like minds work together at the intersection of art, culture and communication. The program will allow for subcultural interactions and interventions between a variety of different groups in the creative industry. While in the past these groups would have worked independently, being able to work in an intersected environment can take creative juices to the next level.
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who wants to be here?
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graphic design
street art
cinema
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fashion
political activism
music club culture
inversed forum
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program proposal
studios / residences
art
cafe / bar
night club
culture 33
performance stage exhibition space workshops
workshops
communication
FORUM
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MUROF
program proposal
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G
IN D N A
L S ’ AU
TE U O
CH
site research
Original Image courtesy of Google.
The edifice should be both an incubator where graffiti writers can express themselves freely as well as a theater where people can watch graffiti be created. Through this medium, spaces and places can be transformed from a former use to something completely different.
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industrial decay creates environments of subcultural survival
site research
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graffiti is one of the byproducts of these abandoned environments
Laclede’s Landing
St. Louis Arch Grounds
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Choteau’s Landing
ABANDONED
ICONIC
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HISTORIC
Laclede’s Landing
Citygarden Keiner Plaza St. Louis Arch
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Choteau’s Landing
Paint Louis Flood Wall Soulard Market
I-64
I-55
Pop
lar
Stre
et B
ridg
e
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Mac
Arth
ur B
ridg
e
Busch Stadium
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Powell Square Building
Jefferson Expansion Memorial Park
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1000’
scale: 1” = 2000’
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scale: 1” = 1000’
s i
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t e
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reconnect to the Arch grounds
site
Powell Square Building
it
te?
infiltration + reconnection
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Connect to the Mississippi River
Powell Square Building 50
Once home to an electric company factory, the Powell Square building has stood vacant for at least forty years. Standing five stories, the structure consists of poured concrete slabs and concrete columns. Its visual prominence at the intersection between Interstate 64 and 55 have made the Powell Square Building one of the most infamous abandoned buildings in Saint Louis. Many have claimed it the worst eyesore in the city, and many have tried to find ways in which this building can be rehabilitated. In the early 2000’s, the land was acquired, and plans were made in 2009 to transform the building into an arts center, and was called Chouteau’s Landing Art Center (CLAC). Since then, the radar has been quiet and no word has been said on why there is a standstill on the project. For now, it will continue to be a place of refuge for the homeless and a painting grounds for graffiti artists.
site research Interior view of Powell building
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Rooms with a view 52
View towards Busch Stadium
View towards St. Louis Arch
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View looking to adjacent railway
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Area behind garage
Eastern end of site, looking at garage
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site research
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View from Roof of Powell Building, looking north
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RT 55
scale: 1” = 100’
350’-6” site extents
S. 2nd Street
Southwestern Railway
S. Leonor K Sullivan Blvd
S. 1st Street
site research
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mississippi river
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scale: 1” = 100’
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Gross Square Footage Lot
55817 SF
Building 26921 SF
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scale: 1” = 100’
site research
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scale: 1” = 32’
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precedent studies adaptive reuse atmosphere
SESC Pompeia Cultural Complex, Sao Paolo, Brazil
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sao paolo, brazil
SESC Pompeia Founded in 1946, SESC (Servico Social do Comercio, Social Service of 66 Commerce) is a non-profit institution acting throughout Brazil with the purpose of promoting culture and good-living among workers and traders and their families. From 1977 to 1986, Lina Bo Bardi transformed an old steel barrel factory into a “culture factory.” She turned old brick sheds into a place for events, workshops, exhibition spaces, and a library. SESC Pompeia also features an 800-seat theater as well as a “choperia” (cafeteria) which
is popular with the locals. In addition to renovating the sheds, Bo Bardi also built two new buildings that served as a gymnasium connected by footbridges. The spaces created are intended to spark activities that involve music, dance, cinema, theater, seminars, debates, etc. The inclusion of sports facilities is part of the organization’s aim of promoting health among the community.
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oslo, norway
DogA | Jensen + Skodvin The Norwegian Design and Architecture Center decided to inhabit an old transformatin station in 2003. The building, which faced additions and alterations from 1860 to 1980, held a particular character that the firm wanted to maintain and display. Their theory of restoration and preservation was that the more architectural extraction that they could do, the more they would come close to a complex, more “natural” beauty. New additions inside are constructed an a very simple geometry and construction as a clear juxtaposition with the old building ruins.
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new york city, new york
Chelsea Market In the 1890’s, what is now Chelsea Market was part of a blocklong West Chelsea structure known as the National Biscuit Company, which made Animal Crackers, Oreos, Fig Newtons, to name a few. The Biscuit Company is long gone: in 1958, its complex of twenty-two structures with two-million square feet, was sold to investor Louis J. Glickman. Although the factory is gone, the culinary appeal has stayed; it is now home to the Food Network and is surrounded by high-end restaurants. The combination of glass and brick and the juxtaposition of new and old have made Chelsea Market an attractive venue for tourists and locals alike to eat and shop. Many remnants of the factories are left, such as old floors, mosaics, and brick.
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...in keeping with the theme of industrial archeology that runs through his project, he wanted to showcase the damage, not conceal it. Christopher Gray, NY Times on investor Irwin B. Cohen
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precedent studies adaptive reuse atmosphere
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berlin, germany
platoon
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Source: Archdaily.com
precedent studies
Created from 5 ISO cargo containers, Platoon Berlin is the main headquarters, where retruitment takes place. Founded in 2000, Platoon is an interesting concept - a global network of creative talent, a community of creative professionals working transnationally.
networking and flexible spaces provide a relevent and engaging way for creative minds to collaborate. The flexible space can be used for events, exhibitions, workshop, and discussion. The stacked containers can be rebuilt and recycled anywhere.
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seoul, korea
platoon kunsthalle platoon + graft architects Source: Archdaily.com
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Created from 28 ISO cargo containers, Platoon Kunsthalle represents flexible architecture in globalized culture. Opened in 2009, its program is simply a “space for subculture in Asia.” Located in the upscale neighborhood of Cheongdam, it confronts subculture in a neighborhood of high-end designer
houses, creating tension between two worlds. Program elements revolve around different formats such as exhibitions, movie nights, concerts and multimedia performances, workshops, discussion panels, and special events.
precedent studies
main open event space
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chicago, illinois
crown fountain jaume plensa
Source: Archdaily.com
precedent studies
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Designed by Spanish srtist Jaume Plensa, the Crown Fountain in Millennium Park is a major addition to the city’s art collection. The fountain is comprised of two 50-foot glass block towers at either end of a shallow reflecting pool. The
glass block towers project video images of 1,000 of Chicago’s citizens’ faces on LED screens. Referencing mythological gargoyles, the projected faces at times give the illusion of water spouting from their mouths.
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Photo Source
interactive architecture
graffiti research lab (G.R.L) Graffiti Research Lab (GRL) is a collective of graffiti artists that use open source techniques to convey another dimension of public graffiti art. Through open source codes on their website, they say that anyone
can create digital graffiti. In these examples, laser technology is combined with computer code to generate paint-like tags and artwork. Here, the message is made, but the tag remains a temporary projection. Photo Sources: Flickr
precedent studies
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es: Flickr
free avone, NYC When graffiti artist AVONE was incarcerated on charges of vandalism, digital graffiti was created here to raise money for his bail.
laser tag (2008) Using a laptop, projector, cameras, and lasers, interactive graffiti projections were cast upon buildings. This was past of the GRL Rotterdam tour ‘L.A.S.E.R. TAG’ which lasted 60 weeks.
bibliography
Bru, Edward,e t al. Metapolis dictionary of advanced architecture: city technology, and society in the information age. Actar, 2003. Franck, Karen & Stevens, Quentin (eds.) Loose Space: Possibility and diversity in urban life. London; New York: Routledge, 2007. Macdonald, Nancy. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity, and Identity in London and New York. Houndsmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, and New York: Palgrave, 2001. Print. Manco, Tristan, Lost Art, & Neelon, Caleb. Graffiti Brasil. New York: Thames & Hudson Inc., 2005. Mathieson, Eleanor. Street Art and the War on Terror. London: Rebellion Books, 2007. Sommer, Robert. Social Design: Creating Buildings with People in Mind. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1983. Print.
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digital / web
“An inside look: Powell Square.” Documenting the LifeSTyLe. December 10, 2010. Web. http://weare-the-city.blogspot.com/2010/12/inside-look-powell-square.html Campos, Cristian. 1,000 Ideas for Graffiti and Street Art: Murals, Tags, and More from Artists around the World. Rockport Publishers, 2011. DogA / JSA. Archdaily. April 1, 2009. Web. http://www.archdaily.com/18245/doga-jsa/ Hebdige, Dick. Subculture: The meaning of style. London; New York: Routledge, 1991. electronic. “Eye heart STL!!” Vimeo.com. April 18, 2010. http://vimeo.com/11060792 Geobrand. “Berlin: Bottom-up urban regeneration - with a little help from the top.” Inpolis.com. October, 24, 2011. Web. http://blog.inpolis.com/2011/10/24/berlin-bottom-up-urban-regenerationwith-a-little-help-from-the-top/ Gray, Christopher. “From Oreos to Mallomars to today’s Chelsea Market.” The New York Times. August 7, 2005. Web. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/07/realestate/07scaphtml?pagewanted= all. “Locals only: Peat Wollaeger - stencil graffiti artist.” The St. Louis Egotist. September 15, 2011. Web. http://www.thestlouisegotist.com/editorial/2011/september/15/locals-only-peat-wollaeger-stencilgraffiti-artist Ohison, Kristin. Reading the writing on Pompeii’s walls. Smithsonian.com. July 27, 2010. Web. http://www.mithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Reading-the-Writing-on-Pompeiis-Walls. html#ixzz0vSFKVJrZ “Paint Louis.” n.d. http://www.peeniewallie.com/videos/paint_louis.swf Pedersen, Samo. “Social Container Architecture.” August 15, 2011. Web. http://popupcity. net/2011/08/social-container-architecture/
Powell Square. Built St. Louis: the industrial city. n.d. Web. http://www.builtstlouis.net/industrial/ powell-square.html Russell, Stefene. “Mississippi river subcultures: riverfront mysteries.” St. Louis Magazine. May 2011. Web. February 14, 2012. http://www.stlmag.com/St-Louis-Magazine/May-2011/Mississippi-RiverSubcultures-Riverfront-Mysteries/# Screwed Arts Collective. http://www.screwedarts.com/ SESC Pompeia. Study Tour Brazil. n.d. Web. http://studytourbrazil.wordpress.com/sao-paulo/sescpompeia/ “St. Louis flood wall graffiti.” Doobybrain.com. April 30, 2011. http://www.doobybrain. com/2011/04/30/st-louis-flood-wall-graffiti/
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image citations page
description
cover
Koes. Bassano del Grappa, Italy Campos, Cristian. 1,000 Ideas for Graffiti and Street Art: Murals, Tags, and More from Artists around the World. Rockport Publishers, 2011. Page 14
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Platoon Kunsthalle, flea market http://www.travelandleisureasia.com/interests/interest_art/968610/ platoon_kunsthalle_seoul.html
Banksy, Lascaux Power washing http://supercubed.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/banksy-cavepainting.jpg
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Krzysztof Wodiczko, Guests, Venice http://www.re-title.com/artists/Krzysztof-Wodiczko.asp
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Façade printer http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/8/view/10048/facade-printer.html
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Yarn bombing http://www.spearmintdecor.com/2011/06/yarnbombing/
contents
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Graffiti Pie Chart http://albotas.com/post/3067121959
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Cave drawings, Lascaux, France http://theshavedape.blogspot.com/2012/02/cave-of-forgotten-dreams.html
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Aswan, Egypt Personal Photo
Dance club interior http://lorioross.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/DanceClub-3.jpg
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Gallery opening gathering http://www.ethertongallery.com/exhibitions/outofaclearbluesky/images/ EthertonGalleryOpening.jpg
Dr. Hofman, Barcelona, Spain Campos, Cristian. ibid. Page 240 Flood wall, St. Louis Personal Photo
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Abandoned Summer “Kamp” http://www.saatyphotography.com/galleries/scenic-photography/arizona/
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Computer simulation of bacteria growth http://www.generation5.org/content/2007/bacteria.asp
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Krzysztof Wodiczko, Tijuana http://popartmachine.com/art/2009-MCAS.010CS005/Krzysztof+Wodiczko+ Projection+On+The+Tijuana+Cultural+Center%2C+Tijuana%2C+Mexi
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Yarn bombing http://unearthingthespud.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/yarn-bomb1.jpg
Pompeii graffiti http://www.smithsonianmag.com/multimedia/ photos/?c=y&articleID=99324199
Roman forum http://mammamiaitalia.blogspot.com/2010/11/los-mercados-de-trajanfueron.html
Runway model, Balmain Spring 2012 Collection http://data.whicdn.com/images/15508153/001-balmain-rtw-spring2012runway-002_13553932000-530x795_large.jpg DJ http://www.flickr.com/photos/61001751@N07/5565976264/sizes/l/in/ photostream/ spray painter http://www.graffnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/photo-spraypainta.jpg Jonathan Borofsky, studio http://www.percontra.net/Artists%20studio%20with%20Human%20 Structures.jpg
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Musician http://thethreewisemonkeys.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/1kun.jpg
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Marina Abramovic Performance Art http://ikono.org/ikonotv/wp-content/uploads/MoMA+Celebrates+Marina+ Abramovic+Artist+Present+LA35ZvWEDm6l.jpg 31
Laclede’s Landing - horse carriage http://lacledeslanding.com/wp-content/uploads/lacledes-landing-horsecarriage-rides-sm.jpg
Krzysztof Wodiczko, Tijuana http://www.pbs.org/art21/files/images/wodiczko-video-009.jpg
Arch grounds, park http://www.flickr.com/photos/kmevans/447851607/sizes/z/in/ photostream/
Tech Conference http://dpimg.ospos.net/contents/dd/seoul/dd_seoul.jpg
Aerial, arch grounds http://aslathedirt.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/gatewayarch.jpg
Women activists http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/11546460-femen-toplessactivists-face-jail-over-desecration-of-indian-flag 31+33
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Laclede’s Landing - view to arch http://www.soulofamerica.com/content/images/265f508c4e700a3d318 473180f0f3b70.jpg
Crowd in St Louis Downtown, Obama speech http://images.publicradio.org/content/2008/10/18/20081018_large_ crowds_in_st_louis_33.jpg
Conference, Berlin Cut & Paste http://www.wix.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/1808704801_84 dcb8a504.jpg
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Forum in Pompeii http://templerome.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/dsc02209.jpg
Aerial site photos Bing Maps
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Aerial site photos Google Maps
Powell Square Interior, collage http://www.ryanrarcher.com/index.php#mi=2&pt=1&pi=10000&s=26&p =2&a=0&at=0 Street view, Powell Square and Arch Google Earth Street view (original image) collage http://thewallshaveteeth.net/topic/2244-st-louis-southwester-cotton-beltfreight-depot/
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Aerial site Bing Maps
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Laclede’s Landing http://media.connectingstlouis.com/500/lacledes-landing-st-louismo-014.jpg
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Powell Square, view from highway http://www.flickr.com/photos/11581147@N06/4420353179/
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Powell Square, interior http://www.ryanrarcher.com/index.php#mi=2&pt=1&pi=10000&s=27& p=2&a=0&at=0
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Powell Square, view to Busch Stadium Personal Photo Powell Square, view to arch Personal Photo
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Powell Square, view to rail Personal Photo
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image citations [cont’d] page 54
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description 72
Powell Square, exterior Personal Photo
Graffiti Tunnel http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Film/Pix/ pictures/2010/3/1/1267453241316/Banksys-film-tunnel-in-Wa-001.jpg
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Powell Square, interior Personal Photo
Platoon, Berlin, exterior http://www.flickr.com/photos/22935041@N08/5296643124
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Platoon, Berlin, exterior http://www.flickr.com/photos/41094142@N06/4168472379/in/pool1536886@N23
Powell Square, exterior Personal Photo
Powell Square, rooftop panorama Personal Photo
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SESC Pompeia, concert http://www.flickr.com/photos/barretorodrigo/6995442347/
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SESC Pompeia, café http://www.flickr.com/photos/kuk/3356140979/
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SESC Pompeia http://www.flickr.com/photos/stankuns/355072945/
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Platoon Kunsthalle http://www.archdaily.com/27386/platoon-kunsthalle-graft-architects/
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Crown Fountain, Chicago http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_oFmRdF5L9J0/TJe3-gHg7OI/AAAAAAAADe8/ r27xya9MoeU/s1600/fountain1.jpg
http://centrefortheaestheticrevolution.blogspot.com/2011/12/lina-bo-bardisesc-pompeia-and-olafur.html
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Crown Fountain, Chicago http://www.ganzelgroup.com/media/ph13.jpg
SESC Pompeia http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5217/5510960976_e83d165dbf_z.jpg
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graffiti research lab - interactive architecture http://www.graffitiresearchlab.com/blog/interactive-architecture/
DogA Jensen + Skodvin http://www.archdaily.com/18245/doga-jsa/
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graffiti research lab - free avone http://www.graffitiresearchlab.com/blog/projects/free-avone/#video graffiti research lab - laser tag http://www.graffitiresearchlab.com/blog/projects/laser-tag/#video
Chelsea market, interior http://www.z-mation.com/phpbb/files/ny_chelsea_market_4_136.jpg http://www.flickr.com/photos/javicon/319308068/in/gallery-marketingfabrik-72157624592984562/
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Platoon, Berlin, exterior, viewing lawn http://www.milldev.com/clubs/platoon/platoon_b.jpg
Chelsea Market, exterior http://www.placematters.net/files/places/Chelsea%20Market%20 66403634086411296169.jpg
84
Banksy, girl with balloons http://www.dogguie.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/pinturaedificios-23.jpg
87