Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor


Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor Introduction  It is designed to measure the distance of any object by using an ultrasonic transducer.  Ultrasonic means of distance measurement is a convenient method compared to traditional one using measurement scales.  This kind of measurement is particularly applicable to inaccessible areas where traditional means cannot be implemented such as high temperature, pressure zones etc.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor Description  It uses an ultrasonic module interfaced to a microcontroller of 8051 family.  An ultrasonic transducer comprising of a transmitter and receiver are used.  The transmitted waves are reflected back from the object and received by the transducer again.  The total time taken from sending the waves to receiving it is calculated by taking into consideration the velocity of sound.  Then the distance is calculated by a program running on the microcontroller and displayed on an LCD screen interfaced to the microcontroller.  The ultrasonic sensor produces 40 kHz sound waves. http://www.edgefxkits.com/


Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor Working Of Project  The project uses a pair of ultrasonic transducers comprising of 1 transmitter and 1 receiver.  The transmitter can deliver 40 KHz ultrasonic sound while the maximum receiver is design to accept only 40KHz sound waves.  When ever an obstacle obstructs the signals of ultrasonic transmitter it reflects the signal towards the ultra sonic receiver.  The program is so written in MC to calculate the distance getting from ultrasonic module.  The distance measurement which is seen on LCD displays the distance in cms.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor Block Diagram

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor Hardware Requirements         

8051 series Microcontroller LCD Transformer Diodes Bridge Rectifier Voltage Regulator Resistors Capacitors Ultrasonic Transducers.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

Software Requirements  Keil compiler  Language: Embedded C or Assembly

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor Ultrasonic Transmitter And Receiver  Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transceivers) work on a principle similar to radar or sonar which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively.  Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor.  Ultrasonic generators use piezoelectric materials such as zinc or lead zirconium tartrates or quartz crystal.  The material thickness decides the resonant frequency when mounted and excited by electrodes attached on either side of it.  The medical scanners used for abdomen or heart ultrasound are designed at 2.5 MHz. In this circuit, a 40 kHz transducer is used for object detection in the air medium. http://www.edgefxkits.com/


Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor Liquid Crystal Display (Lcd)  Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.  This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.  The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source and communicates directly with the LCD.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor How to Operate this Ultrasonic Distance Measurement by Circuit  Initially burn the program to the microcontroller.  Now give the connections as per the circuit diagram.  While giving the connections make sure that Vcc of ultrasonic module is connected to 5V DC.  Switch on the board supply.  Place the obstacle in front the ultrasonic module, now you can observe the distance on LCD.  Switch off the board supply. http://www.edgefxkits.com/


Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Applications:  Used to measure the obstacle distance.  This system used in automotive parking sensors and obstacle warning systems.  Used in terrain monitoring robots.

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