RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Introduction ďƒ˜ The project is designed to control a robotic vehicle by using a RF technology for remote operation. A low power laser light is interfaced for demonstrating the possibilities of destroying a distant object by its beam. An 8051 series of microcontroller is used for the desired operation. At the transmitting end using push buttons, commands are sent to the receiver to control the movement of the robot either to move forward, backward and left or right etc. At the receiving end two motors are interfaced to the microcontroller where they are used for the movement of the vehicle.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Block Diagram
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Hardware Requirements
8051 series Microcontroller Push Buttons RF module Encoder Decoder Motor driver IC DC motors Resistors Capacitors Diodes Batteries Laser Pointer http://www.edgefxkits.com/
RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Software Requirements Keil compiler Languages: Embedded C or Assembly
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Microcontroller 8051 Microcontroller 8051 is designed in 1980’s by Intel. It is a computer on chip type. It is 40 pin dip type ic. It is designed for performing special type operation to do specific jobs.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Microcontroller 8051 It has four sets of i/o pins which can be used both input and output operations. It contains four ports. Each port contains 8 pins. The pin configuration is shown below
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Pin diagram of 8051
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Pin diagram of 8051 Pins 1-8:it is said to be port 1 and it is used for input/output operations. Pin 9 is a reset pin. Pins 10-17: it is port 3 is also used for input/output operations but specially it has alternate operations Pin 10(RXD): - Serial asynchronous communication input or Serial synchronous communication output.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Pin diagram of 8051 Pin 11(TXD): Serial asynchronous communication output or Serial synchronous communication clock output. Pin 12(INT 0):Interrupt 0 input. Pin 13(INT 1);Interrupt 1 input. Pin 14(T0):Counter 0 clock input. Pin 15(T1):Counter 1 clock input.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Pin diagram of 8051 Pin 16(WR): Write to external (additional) RAM. Pin 17(RD):Read from external RAM. Pin 18 to 19(X1,X2):Internal oscillator. Pin 20(GND):Ground Pin 21-28(port 2): I/P or O/P port when no external memory is used. In case external memory is used, the higher address byte.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Pin diagram of 8051 Pin 29 (PSEN): Program Store Enable. If external ROM is used for storing program then a logic zero (0) appears on it every time the microcontroller reads a byte from memory Pin 30 (ALE): Address Latch Enable Pin 31 (EA): Enable Access. To use program from an ext. memory(Logic zero), to use program from both int. as well as ext. memory (logic 1). http://www.edgefxkits.com/
RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Pin diagram of 8051 Pin 32-39 (port 0): -I/P or O/P when ALE is low and lower order address byte when ALE is high. Pin 40(Vcc): +5v power supply.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
RF Transmitter and Receiver RF modules are normally divided into three groups, RF transmitter module RF receiver module and RF transceiver module 433MHz ASK transmitter and receiver is used for the remote control.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
RF Transmitter Module Working ďƒ˜ An RF transmitter module is connected to the transmitter unit with the help of an encoder device. ďƒ˜ The push buttons of the transmitter are connected to the microcontroller as input switches. ďƒ˜ The commands are transferred to a receiver that controls the movement of the robot either in forward, backward, left or right directions corresponding to the buttons that are pressed on the transmitter end.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
RF Transmitter Module Working ďƒ˜ An RF receiver is connected to the receiver end with the help of a decoder device. ďƒ˜ The two motors are interfaced to the microcontroller through a motor driver IC wherein they are used to move or change the directions of the moving robotic vehicle.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Features of RF Range in open space(Standard Conditions) : 100 Meters RX Receiver Frequency : 433 MHz RX Typical Sensitivity : 105 Dbm RX Supply Current : 3.5 mA RX IF Frequency : 1MHz Low Power Consumption
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Features of RF Easy For Application RX Operating Voltage : 5V TX Frequency Range : 433.92 MHz TX Supply Voltage : 3V ~ 6V TX Out Put Power : 4 ~ 12 Dbm
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Robotic Vehicle Working The robot is controlled by an RF remote wherein the commands are sent by the transmitter Based on these commands, the receiver controls the directions of the robot. A laser beam is mounted on the robot's body whose operation is carried out by the microcontroller output through an appropriate signal from the transmitting end. The low power laser light used in this project is employed just for demonstration purpose only because high power ones are dangerous to use.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
HT 12 ENCODER Operating voltage is 2.4V~12V for the HT12E. Low power and high noise immunity CMOS technology Low standby current: 0.1_A (typ.) at VDD=5V HT12A with a 38kHz carrier for infrared transmission medium Minimum transmission words are Four words for the HT12E Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor http://www.edgefxkits.com/
RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
HT 12 ENCODER Data code has positive polarity Minimal external components HT12A/E: 18-pin DIP/20-pin SOP package
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
HT12 DECODER Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V. Low power and high noise immunity CMOS technology. Low standby current. Capable of decoding 12 bits of information. Binary address setting.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
HT12 DECODER Address/Data number combination for HT12D: 8 address bits and 4 data bits. Valid transmission indicator Minimal external components 18-pin DIP, 20-pin SOP package
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
MOTOR DRIVER (L293D) Wide supply-voltage range: 4.5V to 36V Separate input- logic supply Internal ESD protection Thermal shutdown High-Noise-Immunity input
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
MOTOR DRIVER (L293D) Functional Replacements for SGS L293 and SGS L293D Output current 1A per channel (600 mA for L293D) Peak output current 2 A per channel (1.2 A for L293D) Output clamp diodes for Inductive Transient suppression(L293D)
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
L293D Description L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). In its common mode of operation, two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction. The motor operations of two motors can be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Input logic 00 or 11 will stop the corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise and anticlockwise directions, respectively.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
L293D Description ďƒ˜ Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two motors) must be high for motors to start operating. ďƒ˜ When an enable input is high, the associated driver gets enabled
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
DC- MOTOR ďƒ˜ A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity. ďƒ˜ In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
DC- MOTOR ďƒ˜ A simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red represents a magnet or winding with a "North" polarization, while green represents a magnet or winding with a "South" polarization). ďƒ˜ Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (a.k.a., armature), stator, commutator, field magnet(s), and brushes.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
BC547 (NPN –Transistor) The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor. It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN general-purpose transistors. The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current Gain of the device and is given the symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, (β).
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
BC547 (NPN –Transistor)
The current gain from the emitter to the collector terminal, Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (α), and is a function of the transistor itself http://www.edgefxkits.com/
RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Working Principle A low power laser light is interfaced for demonstrating the possibilities of destroying a distant object by its beam. An 8051 series of microcontroller is used for the desired operation. At the transmitting end using push buttons, commands are sent to the receiver to control the movement of the robot either to move forward, backward and left or right etc. At the receiving end two motors are interfaced to the microcontroller where they are used for the movement of the vehicle.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Working Principle ďƒ˜ The RF transmitter acts as a RF remote control that has the advantage of adequate range (up to 200 meters) with proper antenna. ďƒ˜ While the receiver decodes before feeding it to another microcontroller to drive DC motors via motor driver IC for necessary work. ďƒ˜ A laser pen is mounted on the robot body and its operation is carried out from the microcontroller output through appropriate signal from the transmitting end.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Working Principle The laser light used is just for demonstration purpose and not a powerful one. Further the project can be enhanced using DTMF technology. Using this technology we can control the robotic vehicle by using cell phone. This technology has an advantage over long communication range as compared to RF technology.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
Conclusion ďƒ˜ RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement , This project is designed to control a robotic vehicle by using a RF technology for remote operation. A low power laser light is interfaced for demonstrating the possibilities of destroying a distant object by its beam. An 8051 series of microcontroller is used for the desired operation.
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam Arrangement
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