AFTER
THE DISASTER ANNA HUNT | STUDIO V - SPECIALIZED FOCUS + POPULATIONS | FALL 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PROJECT INTRODUCTION
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RESEARCH
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CONCEPT
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PROCESS
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THE DESIGN
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MATERIALITY
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RENDERINGS
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PROJECT CONCLUSION
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PROJECT PROJECT INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 2
PROJECT INTRO We turn on the TV, open social media, turn the page of a newspaper, and what do we see? We see tragedy. It is unavoidable. It happens every day. It happens to everyone. It happens everywhere. Why do we care if it is not happening to us? Well, we are taught at such a young age to treat others as you would want to be treated- we were taught basic human decency. Have we forgotten this? Something that is unavoidable are natural disasters. They are a natural phenomenon that for centuries people have been trying to understand, prevent, and react accordingly. As a disaster strikes, we must act. We need to use our strengths to provide empathy and care towards one another- something that is lacking in today’s society. Designers’ strengths are to focus on the health, safety, and welfare of the general public. Designers set aside differences and empathize with the community to provide more than adequate designs to better their society as a whole. The objective of this project is to develop a master plan for a recovery community after disaster strikes. This includes a community area with shared amenities for the occupants as well as a housing unit for families. We are not creating shacks or tents, we are designing a place to call home.
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RESEARCH RESEARCH
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WHO? WHAT? WHERE? WHEN? Families
FEMA
Community Involvement
Individuals
American Red Cross
Donations Needed
Pets + Animals
Police
Lack Resources
Communities
Fire Fighters
Opportunities
Information Seekers
Military
Rebuild
Volunteers
United Nations
Emotional Responses
Government
AMERICOR
Reform Process
Pets + Animals
Humane Society
Physical Help
Outsiders
UNICEF
Emotional Help
Responders
Habitat for Humanity
Education
Immediately
Town
Long Term
State
Short Term
Country
Unexpectedly
Regionally
Consistently
Areas
Disaster Timeline
Path of Disasters
Months
Geographically
Years
Globally
Days Minutes
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WHY DO WE CARE? 7
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PRECEDENT STUDIES EMERGENCY SHELTER
DESIGNERS: Nic Gonsalves and Nic Martoo FIRM: Conrad Gargett Riddel AWARD: International Award for Young Architects by the Turkish Chamber of Architects This shelter was designed to allow the victims of natural disasters to gain the sense of control. The idea behind this shelter was to create a personalized home without the use of mechanical tools. The shelter arrives in a flat-pack kit and is designed as a cube in order to assemble the shelters in a quickly and repeatedly. The sides are made up of horizontal and vertical plywood pieces slotted together to create this cube and a dowel is fixed through each of the edges to hold it together. The shelter is elevated through seven supports that are similar to how the sides are attached. Plywood and plastic shingles enclose the cube and are assembled based on the user to personalize their space. This method of building the shelter allows for easy assembly and disassembly in order to adapt to the conditions and occupant.
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V PLUS EMERGENCY RELIEF TENT DESIGNERS: Li Bowen, Zhou Zhijun, Jia Chenxi, Yuan Pengfei, Zhou Yang, Gao Lu, Chaokai Jen, Cao Ming, Wang Xinyu, Pan Qihang + Wang Yuli
Immediately after disasters occur, many are left without shelter and power. This temporary shelter provides a solution to these occurrences. The structure of the shelter is created by a support pole that has the ability to generate solar energy that can be used as a lighting component or saved in battery cells for later use. The exterior of the shelter is formed from individual canvas sheets designed in a triangular shape. The triangular shape allows for connection of these sheets in order to accommodate for the amount of occupants of the shelter.
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HURRICANES WHAT IS A HURRICANE?
The recipe for a hurricane begins with warm ocean waters and consistent winds. A hurricane begins as a tropical disturbance where rain clouds begin to form over warm ocean waters. A tropical disturbance grows into a tropical depression. This is where rain clouds become
thunderstorms with winds rotating at 38 mph or less. Once winds reach 39 mph, a tropical storm occurs, and at 74 mph or higher a hurricane is formed. A hurricane that strikes land can cause damage to the environment and inhabitants.
NATURAL EFFECTS?
HOW TO RESPOND?
When the hurricane lands, there can be 5-10 inches of rainfall. This may be more if the hurricane is large and moving slowly. Flooding is a result of this. Unfortunately, heavy rainfall and floods do not occur where the hurricane make landfall, but hundreds of miles away can be affected as well. The winds of the hurricane induce water toward the shore. As the eye of the hurricane approaches land, the water rises, and waves begin to hit land one after another. This natural impact is called a storm surge. The surge can be greater if the hurricane is heading perpendicular to the coastline, or if it makes landfall at high tide. Winds can range from 74 mph to 155 mph which are measured by anemometers. This can be difficult to measure when the hurricanes land because the anemometers are most likely to be ripped from its foundations. Wind is the most responsible for structural damage- it can uproot trees, tear down power lines, and shatter glass.
BASIC PREPAREDNESS:
- Know the local hurricane evacuation routes to take and make a plan of where to stay. - Create a disaster supply kit that includes objects such as a flashlight, batteries, cash, first aid supplies, and copies of important information. - Be a part of or create a text or emailing alert system for the community to receive emergency notifications.
PREPARE YOUR HOME:
-Trim or remove trees and limbs that may cause damage -Secure loose gutters and downspouts. Clear these of any debris to prevent future water damage. -Secure and reinforce roof, windows, and doors to reduce property damage. -Purchase portable generator and/or a generator that can be used during power outages. Make sure these are kept at least 20 feet away from windows, doors, and moisture.
RESOURCES:
-The Department of Homeland Security (ready.gov) -Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA.gov) -Electrical Safety Foundation International (esfi.org) -World Relief (worldrelief.org) -National Hurricane Center (nhc.noaa.gov)
Hurricanes can trigger tornadoes, and every hurricane has a different pattern of how often and the frequency of tornadoes occur. Tornadoes are most likely to develop when hurricanes are intense or intensify near landfall.
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IN THE EYE OF A
HURRICANE THERE IS QUIET
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FOR JUST A
MOMENT -Hamilton: An American Musical
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PUERTO RICO
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Debris is continuously cleared from the roadways with 20 miles already cleared. An estimated 8.6% of civilians have power. Medical teams have assessed more than 425 patients. An estimated 49% of the water is safe to drink.
American Red Cross has addressed more than 11,300 mental health concerns. 23 flights have been conducted to transport meals, water, fuel, and generators. All ports in Puerto Rice are open with restrictions. More than 220 generator assessments have occurred, and 53 have been installed in critical facilities.
US Dept. of Health and Human Services activates the Emergency Prescription Assistance Program. US Dept. of the Treasury continues to delivery cash and checks. More than 270 generator inspections are completed, and 82 are installed. Over 8,100 members and 72 helicopters remove and restore primary and secondary roads.
Over 460 generator assessments, 359 inspections, and 106 temporary installations have been completed. The Social Security Administration opens 3 offices with 57 people provided work. Over 8,700 patients have been treated by medical teams. Two new 50 MW generators have been installed to stabilize San Juan power
OCT. 22-23
OCT. 19-21
More than 10,000 cubic yards of debris have been removed. There are over 16,500 volunteers and 74 agencies in Puerto Rico. 1o school have reopened and over 2,800 students and 271 teachers have returned to class. Two Disaster Recovery Centers are now open.
OCT. 15-16
OCT. 5-7
OCT. 11-12
All post offices are open for retail services. Over 2,000 patients have been seen by medical teams. 8,400 calls have been reported for assistances to the distress hotline.
OCT. 13-14
Luiz Munoz Marin International Aiport could accommodate commercial flights which allowed 5,000 people to fly to safety. Two generators are installed at a water pump shelter + Herbert Grigg Shelter. All airport on St. Thomas + St. Croix are opened with restrictions. 56 or 68 hospitals are partially operation, and only one is fully operational.
OCT. 2-4
SEPT. 28-29
8,000 persons assisting Puerto Rico and the islands. Urban Search + Rescue teams assisted 516 individuals. Power is re-established to Cetnro Medio Hospital and San Pablo Hospital. Medical support is established at the Schneider Regional Medical Center. More than 100 patients are evacuated from the islands.
Supplies are delivered to the central regions of Puerto Rico using ground and air assets. More than 5,500 guardsmen restore communication, power, and medical assistance while supporting local law enforcement. The postal service now has Sunday mail services.
OCT. 17-18
Incoming mail is available, and Social Security checks are being sent to the islands. Power is restored to at least 11.7% of citizens. Priority dam inspections have been completed. 30 water monitoring gauges have been repaired. Cell service has been restored to 58%.
SEPT. 30-OCT. 1
SEPT. 26-17 SEPT. 24-25
SEPT. 21-23 SEPT. 20
SEPT. 17-19 HURRICANE MARIA MAKES LANDFALL
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US Coast Guard states that there 8 ports in Puerto Rico that are restricted. Half of the dialysis centers are open. Numerous teams are brought over to take care of forest debris.
3,500 persons arrive to assist. Urban Search + Rescue teams are sent. Temporary power installed. Food + Water are received by victims.
Emergency disaster is declared. FEMA + other government ran programs are sent to Puerto Rico.
American Red Cross has more than 600 volunteers on the islands. There have been more than 245 patients in and out of the medical centers in San Juan. All airports are open with restrictions. Meals, water, and generators are still transported. 13% of Puerto Rico has cell reception.
OCT. 8-10
TIMELINE
All pharmacies are open and processing prescriptions. 20.22% of the power grid has been restored. Water is 71.58% drinkable. There has been over 22,166 cubic yards of debris removed
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CONCEPT CONCEPT
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AMALGAMATE: |uh-mal-guh-meyt| Verb:
to combine, unite, merge, or coalesce
To enhance life, individuals are encouraged to interactive among others. Interaction begins with a simple gesture- a hand shake, a hug, a high-five, or any other physical touch. Gestures are symbols of promise, compassion, love, and support. Physical touch connects the individuals in a unique bond. Over time, individuals grow with one another to unite as one entity.
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PROCESS PROCESS
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DEVELOPMENT
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS The design process drew from the idea that the interaction between individuals begin with a simple gesture. Many gestures begin with touch of a hand. Your hand provides one to amalgamate or unite with another. Hands symbolize protection, promise, and compassion of an individual, but when together they can
EXPERIMENTAL UNIT
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provide strength. The idea of “lending a hand� lead to the idea of developing a shape from the silhouette of a hand. Each stage of the process, the silhouette of the hand becomes more and more geometric until a rectilinear shape is apparent. The rectilinear shapes are then joined to create a three-dimensional unit.
EXAMPLE OF SHAPE DEVELOPED
EXPERIMENTAL UNIT
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DEVELOPMENT
PRELIMINARY UNIT MODEL
FINAL SHAPE DEVELOPMENT
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PRELIMINARY MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT
PRELIMINARY MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT
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THE THE DESIGN DESIGN
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MASTER PLAN The master plan of this recovery community consists of a Community area and Individual area. The Community area is where everyone can gather. The Individual area provides for a secluded area of rest while having some immediate communal spaces.
COMMUNITY INDIVIDUAL Medical Kitchen Bathroom Lounge Security Storage
1-4 People Units Kitchen Bathroom Lounge
CIRCULATION
CODED MASTER PLAN
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EXAMPLES OF SITES IN PUERTO RICO
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INDIVIDUAL UNITS
SLEEPING UNITS
SHARED UNITS
Sleeps 4 people
Kitchen
Sleeps 1-2 people
Bathroom
Sleeps 4 people
Lounge
Sleeps 3 people
INDIVIDUAL UNIT AXON
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MASTER PLAN REFERENCE MAP
INDIVIDUAL AREA FLOOR PLAN
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MATERIALITY MATERIALITY
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MATERIALITY POLYCARBONATE
Polycarbonate is an alternate to glass while still providing the translucent aspect that makes glass so adored in construction. Polycarbonate is an engineered plastic that is extruded to create a multi-wall sheet plastic. This material is about 200 times stronger than glass. It can withstand extreme force such as natural disasters,
and there is no risk of injury due to broken glass. Other ideal characteristics of polycarbonate is that it provides better insulation, is heat resistant has a longer lifespan, and is easier to install compared to glass while being customizable.
STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANEL Insulated Metal Panels are used for various types of commercial, residential, and disaster relief construction. It is light weight and easy to install which allows for a quick build and take down disaster relief structures. The insulated metal panels are attached and secured to the
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building’s steel superstructure. The panels are formed by a foam in-place core surrounded by two single-skin metal panels. This allows for thermal and environmental control of the space based on the thickness of the panels.
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RENDERINGS RENDERINGS
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COMMUNITY CENTER
MASTER PLAN REFERENCE MAP
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AERIAL VIEW OF INDIVIDUAL AREA
MASTER PLAN REFERENCE MAP
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EYE LEVEL VIEW OF INDIVIDUAL AREA
MASTER PLAN REFERENCE MAP
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PROJECT PROJECT CONCLUSION CONCLUSION 49
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PROJECT CONCLUSION
Tragedy has happened in Puerto Rico, and it is still happening. So, why do we care if it’s not happening to us? Simple, treat others the way we would want to be treated. We need to remember human decency. The empathy one can give to another drove the design of this recovery community. This community can be implemented in the disaster that has occurred in Puerto Rico, or any other site that has been horribly destroyed by hurricanes. The design can be put up and taken down by individuals with limited tools. Any individual can partake in the construction which allows a community to form in a time of need. We need to act when tragedy occurs because if we don’t then who will?
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BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.biologydiscussion.com/essay/natural-and-man-made-disaster-and-their-impact-on-environment/7134 https://www.gdrc.org/uem/disasters/1-dm_cycle.html http://restoreyoureconomy.org/disaster-overview/phases-of-disaster/ https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/disaster-management-definition-process-various-phases-chatterjee/ http://naturalhazardscience.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.001.0001/acrefore-9780199389407-e-12 https://www.nais.org/articles/pages/relief-organizations-for-natural-disasters-150850.aspx http://www.redcross.org/what-we-do https://www.habitat.org/impact/our-work/disaster-response http://www.projecthope.org/what-we-do/disaster-and-health-crises/ https://www.ri.org/ri-way https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3105552/ https://www.buildabroad.org/2016/06/20/relief-architecture/ http://modulargenius.com/disaster-recovery-modular-buildings.html http://www.everblocksystems.com/disasterreliefshelters/ https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/harvey-economic-impacts/538353/ https://www.nap.edu/read/6425/chapter/8#63 https://epa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=051533ab716c4f5e821dc361cbb1876f http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41929287 https://www.fema.gov/blog/2017-09-29/overview-federal-efforts-prepare-and-respond-hurricane-maria https://www.fema.gov/interim-housing-resources https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm064572.htm https://www.ready.gov/hurricanes https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm317232.htm https://weather.com/safety/hurricane/news/hurricane-damages-effects-20120330 http://www.hurricanescience.org/science/science/hurricaneandland/ https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-are-hurricanes-k4.html https://scijinks.gov/hurricane/ http://www.hurricanescience.org/society/impacts/ https://www.houzz.com/ideabooks/43870464/list/materials-workshop-polycarbonate-a-low-cost-alternative-to-glass http://www.permatherm.net/metal-panel-systems/116-structural-insulated-panels http://www.permatherm.net/metal-sips/disaster-emergency-shelters-buildings http://www.cecobuildings.com/products-and-services/panel-systems/insulated-panels/
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