Handbook" I
Gomplete leference Guide
cot{vERsloi{s
fu tvuyday tlight
TERMI}IOLOGY
Temperature
lYeatier Abbreviations
lveiqht
lffi Abbreviations
Volume
ItR Reports
Iime Data
ATC Liqht Gun Siqoals
iIPH-KIAS
t{
-st,l
FORXULAs
PERFORMAl{CE YJeight E Balance
V'Speed Definitions
Density Altitude
F A Flight Plan torm
Crosswind Compo[eflt
Scale Ruler
Time'Distance Table IFR Charts
a t -
r
lagrc gr uoflUcllfs Temperature Weight Volume
Time Data MPH to KIAS NM to SM
Pressure Altitude: Hiqh Pressure Pressure Altitude: Low Pressure
GRAPHS AND FORI,UL S Common Formulas Density Altitude Crosswind Component
T
fi t
fT
a il
ET
It
GOiavERS!ONs
E h
ff ff f
-
Time-Distance Table IFR Charts
14
C
TERMIIaOLOGY WEATHER & COMMUia|C TTONS Weather Abbreviations 15 IFR Abbreviations & Reports ATC Liqht Gun Signals
V-Speed Definitions
PERFORMANCE DAIA Weight & Balance Flight Plan Form
18
J
Scale Ruler
FLttt
-^Ero{n
6 @ Copyright 2007
Surecheck Aviation, lnc. www.surecheckaviation.com
a Z Temperature Gonvercbn
I I r I I r I a a I a I I
r
rI
t -r- :* .F
-10
-
-a,
i gm.
-'30
.10
-
-20
of it20
-
3,5
-
34,9. 3A'
-
{00; 1m-
t t60 180
200
-.'lo
m-
220
-0
160
24
-ro
500
-
1fl)-
- M
Li
ri
r.i Ii
D ! IO
3{ ro
o
50
ro
E
lr0
0
n0 4,0 2!0
l0 t0 t00
lr0
2{) 2r0
& 2r0
2i) 2t0
m
m 760
tro
!60 100 120
800 420 86()
a,o
M
840 t20
9m
100
lx)
90 94
500
l.0
950
r oCx9l5+32
cF
520
960
t5t)
lom
5,(}
m
t(P0 l0a0
550
3t0
3m
n0
&o
2fr
m
!60
cC t (oF-32) x 519
t II I
f
Z Welght Conversion POUTIDS
KILOGRAMS
2?0
100
zl0
95
200
90
190 180
I
85
80
170
75 160
150 140
70 65
130
50
120
55
lt0
50
100
45
90
40
80 70
60 50 40 30
(
35
30 25
?0 t5
z0
10
l0
5
0
0
POUNDS =
KILOGRAMS x 2.2O5
a
XILOGRATS = POUNDS x 0.454
o
UNITS x 10, too, etc.
I
A
ZVolume Corwersion
a A'TiIIJii a ':: a a il a =
I
u. s.
GA .0NS
lz0
115 flO
LITRES
r00 9s
350
90
340
85
320
80
300
75
280
zo
260
65
240
105
roo
95 90
8s 80 75
70 65 50 55 50
60 55
I5
ro
55 00
200
50 180
45
40
45
40 35 30 25 20
220
35
30
150 140
120
25
100
20
80
15
60
lo
40
US GAL = IMP GAL x 1.2 LITRES x .264
II.P GAL =
US GAL x 0.833
LrrREs
=3.78s
20
US GAL x
0
UNITS x 10, lOO,
etc.
5 3
I :o?
a
a a a T a t a t a t
il EI
E
ff fI. I
Fr I
t
Z Time Convercion
-
e United States Eastern
-5:00
Central Mountain Pacific
-6:00
Alaska/Hawaii
7:00
-8:00 -9:00
World Sydnev
+10:00
Tokyo
+9:00
Banokok
+8:00
Hono Kono
+7:00
Dacca Moscow
*5:00 *3:00
iro
+2:00
Rome
+l:00
Ca
London
GMI
r :
t
a
AS
30
t -
32
31 36
38
-
il
40
a
46
-
42 14 48 50 52 54
-
56
a
58
T il
60 62
64 65
68 70
-
r
=r
=I I
I
tr t
! !
Z MPH to KIAS
72 14
76 78
80 82 8.,r
85
ilPfl
35 37 39 4t M96 46 4 5t 53 55 58 60 62 64 67 69 7l
74 16 78
8r
83 85 88 90 92 94 97 99
IPH
Klts
lot r04 106 108
88
90 92 94
98 100
r02
r04 106 108 r10
ltz 114
6
lr8 r20
taz 121 126
r28 't30
t32 !34 ',t36
138
t40 142 144
fl3 ll5 f7 t20 1?2 124 127 129 l3l t34 136 't38 r40 r43 t45 147 r50 r52 r54 t57 159 16l |64 t65
l(lls 146 148
t
Plt
t 158 t?0
t
173 r52 r75 154 + tlt 156 180 158 182 160 r84 162 + r87 164 189 r9l 166 168 t93 196 172 198 174 200 176 203 205 180 207 182 210 184 212 211 186 188 216 t90 219 192 221 194 223 196 226 r98 ?28 200 230 202 233 150
t
170
178
I
l(ras
IPI{
204 206
235
208
240
2t0
242
2lz
244
zt4
246
237
215
249
218
251
220 222
253
256
224
258
226
260
228
253
230
265
232
z5t
234
?69
236
z7?
238
274
210
276
212
279
241
281
?45
283
248
286
250
288
252
290
?54
29?
256
295
258
291
260
299
I!
Fll .
rlAS r
II l.'1515
S=
MPH x 0.868
KIAS = KTS
I I
A
a a a a E a a a
t{M
SM
NM
5
5.8
100
115.t
10
I1.5
150
172.7
l5
r7.3
200
230.2
20
23.0
250
287.8
25
28.8
300
345.3
30
34.5
350
402.9
35
40.3 46.0
45
51.8
50
57.6
55
63.3
E
50
69.r
400 450 500 550 500 550
460.4
40
748.2
65
74.8
700
805.7
70
80.5
750
863.3
-
75
85.3
921
85
97.8
90
103.5
800 850 900 950
920.8
80
95
109.3
1000
=
t T il
T
r
I ?
SM
518.0 575.5 633.r
690.5
(
978.4 1035.9 1093.5
ll5l.0 z
I
;I
F!
f
Z Nautlcal to Statute Miles
IIr SI r 0.868
SL= NM x I.15t
-
! !
Z Prcssurc Gomrerclon HIOIf FRESSURE r0[ il rlls roR liUS t0i [1lN I FoR {US 30.25 330 4.92 0 30.9t 990 30.58 660 nJ3 0 30.25 340 30.$ 670 30.92 1000 nJ4 20 30.4 350 30.60 680 30.93 r0r0 u
E
a a a t a T
E
f, f, tr f, f, f,
f
835
360
40
30.28 30.29
50
30.30
380
29J8
60
30J
3m
2939
10
30.00
80
30.0
m
29.95 29.97
30
3002
100
30.32 30.33 30.34 30.35
30.03
r10
3035
30.04
r20
30.05
t30
30,06 30.0? 30.08
110
30.09
t70
m.lo 30Jr 30t2
00
3013 3014 30,t5
150 160
370
400
4,{0
410
420 430
30.37 450 30.18 460 30.39 470 30.40 480 30.41 490 30,42 500 30.43 510
760
750
r0 780
30Jl
?90
30.72
800
30.73 810 30.74 820
31.00 31,01
3.02 J.03
31.28 31.29
1360
1040 1050
3t.t0
1380
1060
31.31
1390
1070
3r.32
1400
870
fl00
31.33 r4t0 31.34 1420 31.35 1430
1080 1090
nlo
3t.35
1440
31.04 t120 31,05 fl30
31.37
1450
3r.38
1450
31,06 fl40
fl80
3l.lt
t190
3r.44
1520
870
3t.12
t200
1530
t0.80 30.8t
880
3I3
3r.!5
1210
31.45
1540
890
3
120
3t.47
1550
30.82 30,83 10.81 30.05 30.86 30.87
900
31,15 31.15
1230
31,48 31,19
1550
1250
31.50
1580
1250
3t.51
190
630 640 650
30.90
2t0 220
30.{t
540 550
240
3017
250
30J8
250
30.5t
l0r9
a0
320
30.60 30.69 30.70
740
30J8 30J9
1030
3t.t0
ml6
30.21
730
1350
860
530
300
30.55 30.56 30.67
720
31.27
850
520
30.4 m
30.95 30.96 30.97
710
t340
1020
30.70 30.79
30.{4
290
700
830
31.25
840
30.45 30.46
280
30.62 30.63 30.54
1320
31.6
30.% 3077
30.48 560 30.49 r0 30.50 s0
30.20 10.21 30.22
30,94
3t.24
llUS
31.01 31.08 31.09
m0
30,52 30.53 30.54 30.55 30.56 30.57
690
H
31.39 31.40 31.41 31.42 31.13
90
230
30.61
FoR
590 500 510
620
30J5
830
910
4
u50 160 r1?0
1240
940
3t.t? 3t.t8 3r.r9
950
31.20
30.88
950
30.n
970
3r.21 lno 3r.22 lm
980
lr.2t
920 930
tz10 1280
Bn
r{70 1480 1490
1500
r5t0
lto
I.52 [m 31.53 tfr tjr {A It55 EI }'J{ {{
!
I
t
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r;I t
a
I
I I I
r I I I
r I r I r I I I I I I
Z Pressurc Coruelslon
I
LOW PRES3URE
tot 8J2 29J1
I0t
l0D 660
340
29.26 29.25
570
28.92
350
8.11
580
209
l0D
IDD 0
29.59 i30
10
n.58
2930 t0
n.'r
29.89
30
29.55
350
29.21
690
40
4.55
370
29.2?
100
50
n51
710
488 n8? &06 29.85 29.81
380
a,$
29.21
60
390
29.20
120
?0
B.52
400
?9r9
730
80
29.51 29.50
410
&8
740
28.93
l0D
r0i
lD0
990
820
1000
28.60 28.59
1010
28.58
1310
28.t
1350
28.90 1020 ?8.89 1030 28.88 t040 28.87 t050 28.85 1060 28.05 rom 28.81 1080 28.03 lom 28,82 lt00
a$
90
n.82
r00
8.8t
110
n49 &48
440
&5
29.80
120
8.17
450
2911
t80
29J9
80
29.46 1&
29J3
7m
4.78
r10
29J?
t50
29.76
t60
8.45 4.44 8.43
190
n$
820
28fl
n50
i0
29.42
500
29.09
830
28.%
fl60
29.74
t80
flo
n08
28.?5
fl70
$0
520
ao
810
n.B
29.4t 29.O
050
a.7l
lr80
2912
?00
29.39
530
29.06
860
z8J3
1190
2812
1200
al5
nfl
zrc
&70
A0
29.69
a.58
a.a
a.*
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a6r
120
?9J7
750
430
2916
160
4m
alz
480
2911
n0
800 810
28.81 1I0 28.80 I20 28.79 1130 28.78 tr40
8.38 8.37
5{0
n.05
8m
550
29.01
880
?30
29.16
550
29.03
890
2{0
t0
n02
m0
250
29.35 29.34
580
8.01
910
28.70 28.59 28.68
260
n33
590
n00
920
28.67
1250
270
29.32
500
28.99
930
1250
280
8.31
610
520
2898 283?
950
630
28,96
950
?8.56 28.65 20.61 28,63
2835 28.9{
970
28.62
1300
n.30 a6 al. $0 na ffm 8ffi It{ p0 all 6il 290
910
980
28r
28.51
n10 1220
t230 1240
1270 1280
t290
r3l0
1330
28.56 860 28.55 t370 28,54 1380 28.53 890 28,52 1400 28.51 r1t0 28.50 1120 28,49 1430 28.43 28.47 28.45
r4,r0 1450 1160
28.45 1470 28.44 1480 28.43 1190 28.42 1500 28.11 1510 28.40 28.39
1520 1530
28.38 1540 28.37 1550 28.36 1560 28.35 670 28.34 1580 ?8.33 1590 28.32
1600
28.31 28.30
t5t0 1520
28.29 16S 28.28 1
!
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ri
I
il
T t I I T il il !I !I !I
t
I II I I
p t
f
ZGommon Formulas
-
3PEED'.?IHE^/DISTAXCE
Oistance=RatexTime Time=Distance/Rate Rate=Distance/Tlme
Ei.DUR i'CE Endurance Time = Total Useable
/
GPH
Range = Endurance Time x Speed
ATI'O3PHEN!C Pressure Altitude = (Current Pressure.29.92) x IOOO + Elev.
Magnetic Bearinq = Magnetic Heading + Relative Bearing Relatlve Bearing = Magnetlc Bearlng. Maqnetic Headinq lf value ls negative, add 360
lf value is over 35O, subtract 35O STAXDARD RA-rE TURi' Angle of Bank = (Airspeed / IO) + 5
I3 3
i
lI Z Densfi Altltude
f I
I 14,000 [,
,a.ooo L
,rr* n,ooo
,o-o* LJ
lt
,F 5 F Ut
zld
|
i l,
,r* | t,ooo
rooo
I l'
,,ooo L
o
:,,,I ,,roo
,,*o r,ooo
I l' l,
,.,. L -20 0
-10 0
r0 20 30 40
t0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 flo OU?SIDE AIR TEMPERATURE
50
0c
120
"t
I =
t
=
A
a
I I
ZGrcsswind Gomponent
t
t :
n
l'u
t
H30
dzu
G E 2
rrr
=20
= Flq
z''
t|l
Ero G
._ o5 (,
9 -o ==
-J
I,o
< *,'15
05t0
1520253035
CROSSWIND COMPONENT
(KNOTS)
A
a
Z Time-Dlstance
E
-
il =
a
70
5
r0
15
20
4:17
8:34
l2:51
l7:08
80
5
t0
t5
20
3:45 5
7:30 l0
t1J5 l5
15:00
90
3:20
6:40
l0:00 l3:20
5
10
t5
20
=
t
a a -
!r
100
3:00
5:00
9:00
l2:00
110
5
t0
i5
20
2:43
5:27
8J0
l0:54
120
5
10
15
20
2:30
7:30 l5
l0:00
2J8
5:00 l0 4:36
6:55
9J3
5
10
15
20
2:08
4:17
8:34
5
2:00
l0 4:00
6t25 l5 6:00
5
10
15
20
1:52
3:45
5:37
7:30
130
=r I
iI
140 150
160
-
I !r
20
5
No wind condltlon
/
Bat€d on cround Speed
q
20
20
8:00
-t
I
a ZIFR Charts
f I
I
L
hr ri
-i-
qI
TlMED TURNS TABLE DEG.
100 200
300 400
DEG.
SEC.
500 600
3 7
700
l0
800
13
SEC. 11
20 23 27
DEG.
900
r00.
200. 300"
SEG.
30 33 67
100
VTSIBILTTY CHART RYn
(Fc.l,
YISIBILITY (Statute Mll€31
114
tl2 7lA
tdtll HOLDIIIG
(DEGREES ARE RELATIVE)
I
il =I
a .l
Z Weather Abbreviations T Apparent CIG Ceiling APR
MEI
BECMG Becoming
BC
CoR
corrected
DSi{T
Distant
FIJ
trom
I0NPA
FrontalPassage
ttAtls
l-ow LevelWind Shear Alert
METAR Airport Report
MovG
l,lT
oHD oVR PIREP
Pl(
PRoB
RMK RVR SLPG SPICI
Moving Mountalns overhead
over Pilot Report Peak
Probability Coodltlon ln % Remark Runway VisualRange SloDino
W
SpecialReport Airport Forecast TemporaryConditions Vertical Visibility
WSHFI
wind Shilt
TAF
TElltO
8t
8R CB
R
/
S(C Sky Clear F$V 0-218 SCT Scaltered3/8-l/2 Bl0l Broken5/8-7/8 ovc overcast 8 / 8 Edsic VFR 3000 Ceilinq
2 Miles Visibility
/
I
lrrscrlptlonr
Palches Blowinq Mist Cumulonimbus
DR DS DIJ
Dust Storm
DZ
Drizzle
+FX
Tomado
GR GS
Hail
Lovr Drifting
Widestsead Dust
/
Water Spoul
tC tunnelcloud tG tog fU Smoke tZ Super Cooled / Freeziru Hail/
Snow Pellets
HZ
Haze
Ml
Shallow
RA
Rain
lC
lce Crystals
PE lce Pellets P0 Dust / Sand Whirls PR Partial PY Spray -RA tighl
skv
TAF
f
Rain
SA
Sand
SG
Snow Grains
SH
Showers
SN
Snow
+SN Henvy Snow
S0
Squall
SS
Sand Storm
TCU Towering
CB
TS
Thunderstorms
UP
UnkoovrnPrecipitation
VA
Volcanic Ash
{ 3
i d
Aa Z IFR Abbrev. & Reports
t T t t t
rT
=r
!I
T il il !I
F ll
EI
=l FI t
E
SID:
StandardlnstrumentDeparture
ARTCC: Air Route Traffic Control
AIC:
Addltlon.l Rcport3 to AfC
l.
Air Traffic Control
SIAR: StandardlerminalArrival
tTA:
tstimated time ol Arrival
ETE:
Estimated Time tnroute
tTD:
Estimaied Time of Departure
IAP:
lnitialApproachPoint
MAP:
lrissed Approach Point
MSA: MVA:
l,linimumSafe/SeclorAltitude
vDP:
visualDesceotPoint
lItA:
Minimum tnroute Altitude
tAt;
FinalApproach Fir
Pt
altitude. Altitude change to maintain VFR on top.
3.
When unable to climb or descend at 500 FtlMin
4. 5.
Minimum Vectoring Altitude
Minimum Reception Altitude Procedure Turn
MCA:
Minimum Crossinq Altitude
Coe
Chanqe 0ver Point (NAV)
Vacating previously assigned altitude for new
2.
Missed Approach
Airspeed varies 5% or 10 KIAS ol filed speed.
6,
Time and altitude upon reaching a holding fix or point cleared to.
7.
when leaving any assigned holding fix or point
8.
Equipment failures pertinent to flight or airspace flight is in.
MoCA: MinimumobskuctionClearance
MRA:
I
Clc.rtncc Vold Tlmo! Clearance issued in an uncon-
trolled environment, ATC must be notified within 30 minutes to avoid Search and Rescue.
Plcltlon Rcport$
ltD Z
l{ot ln nADAR contact 1.
Leaving FAF inbound or Outer Marker.
2. Corrected ETA when in excess of 3 minutes.
a
Position
3- f ime
{
5,
5.
Ahitude Type o, Flight Plan ETA of next reporting point t{dre of nelt reporting point
-a +rtireot
Remarks
n a
t
*
I t
t
il il il
ZATC Light Gun Signals GROU?'I'
FLIGHT
Land Greea Flashing Green Return for tanding Give to others Steady Red tlashiog Red Taxiclear ol Runway Akport UtlSAtt Flashino white Return to Starting Point Alt. Red/Green CAUTIoN CAUTIoN Steady
Iakeoff Cleared to Taxi SToP Cleared tor
Cleared To
f I c
i
vYay
NA
LOST COMMUI{ICATIONS
-
il =I I
il t T =I f il !t it
Switch Audio Panel check: Airport Sqwuak Traffic Radio Pattern Master
Recycle Phones, Xmit. Volume, Squelch, Mike, Comm, Frequency
Select
7600 Determine pattern Transmit in blind Enter
/ Light Signals
tr
o
!
t
f
Z V-Speed Terminology
T v2Vr I Yz tx il vBva Vc il YD VDr il VEF YFC I YxYFE T Yr.o Y.r EI YLo" I Yul.o il Vro I Yr.u Yr.E I Vxo VR T Ys E Yrr I YxYgo
YUG^
VREF
iI Yv TI
q
Decision Speed Takeoff Safety Speed
Minimum Takeoff Safety Speed Maneuvering Speed Maximum Gust lntensity Design Cruising Speed Design Diving Speed
Demonstrated Divinq Speed Assumed Critical Engine Falure at Takeoff Maximum Stability Speed Maximum Flaps Extended Speed Maximum Continuous Power Level Flight Maximum Gear Extended Speed Maximum Gear Operating Speed
Liftoff Speed MinimumControllable(MultiengineRediine) Maximum Mach Operating Speed Maximum Operating Speed Mlnimum Unstick Speed Never Exceed Speed (Redline) Structural Cruising Speed (Yellow Arc) Rotate or Lift Nose Reference Speed for Approach Stall Speed Clean (End Green Arc)
Stall Speed Specified Configuration Stall Speed in Landing Config. (End White Best Angle of Climb (Best Altitude) Best Rate of Climb (Best
Time)
Arc)
; E
i| 3 aE
I
r
ZWelght & Balance CG: Arn
Center of Gravity Dlstaoce lrom Datum Fixed point for measurements Location of an item rrom
I
Stationi
T
Moment Product of weight
t I I I I I I I
r t I I I
I I
Datum:
datum
Tare ffiE'r
and the arm Chock$stands,containe6.
tr
I
FORMULAS
3t!id.r{
GC
WeightxArm=Moment Total Mornent Total
Weight
Brdc Emfty U.llht
q6TAC CG . LEMAC
vlc
Standard weight plus optional equiprnent
lrr.ld lrIll Difrerence between ramp weight and basic empty weight
ir.rl ;algl
=
Weight
Shifted
Total Weight
Lt lc
Aarrd/hrru.d Added
Leading Edge Mean Aerodynamic Chord, an imaginary llne covering an average of the leading edge.
U.aeart
Weight
_
New Total weight Distance^cc Dlfference
rlUrlcn
ttEight approved tor taxi. Runup and allo{rs fuel burn during.
STANDARD
k l5olt f,rlfit
PER OALI-o
From ramp to takeoff roll.
kt,l.l!UrU dofiL
-
^cGShitted Distance
rtc Mean Aerodynamic Chord, an imaqinary line covering an average ot the chord
gtUlC
S.lCrt Slltt
Standard welght plus optional equipment
Crmot
-'"
l.lfit
Basic Airplane, Unusable Fuel, FullOil
k
a
be exceeded
lor achJal to(rh-
rElcHrS Avgas
61b6.
Jet
67lbs.
A Oil PAX
Water
a
7.51b&
a
r/01b6.
n
8.351b6.
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