GIBRALTAR
G I B R A L T A R T O W E R B A T H S - a H E A T triggered performance At the moorish castle of the Gibraltar rock, today merely visited as a tourist attraction, a new Tower Bath is proposed through appropriation. Like a stone plant growing out of the rock up into the sky, the tower will now have new functions. It will be used as tourist attraction, as an atmospheric and sensously experiential bath and as visitor´s center to the adjacent prison. This is a time-based proposition on phase-change materials. It concerns behavioural, environmental and aesthetic aspects. It´s about appropriation and addition, thermal massing and sensitive micro-climates and sensitive and secure boundaries. The new Tower sets off from the rigidity of the tower today. Heaviness, materiality, geometrical shape and spaces and darkness. It goes off lighter, more and more open, changes materiality, disintegrates and connects to the sky. It´s a journey from deep dark waters under ground, to light reflecting through water at the top, to a tranquil solitude under the sky. . .
LATITUDE
+ 36.14 ( 36* 08 ´24 ´N )
LONGITUDE - 5.35 ( 5* 21 ´00 ´W )
Deep Dark Waters underneath earth, action gets under way. . in the irrationality of depths. . of countless cellars a network of passages. . . . a group of individual cells with locked doors. . here secrets are pondered, projects prepared. . exploring through dreams. . the marvelous nature of underground places. . you may become quite lost. . at such complicated geometry. . asks you to participate. . .
Garden Bath . . . Silene tomentosa, Cerastium gibraltaricum, Saxifraga globulifera, Iberis gibraltarica , Thymus willdenowii, Limonium emarginatum . . . The bath of Intimate space, a sensous aromatic path terrestrial, bare feet. . . . ´ one of the loveliest sylphs dies in the vault of the accursed house’ . . a creature of the garden and the tower - the one supposed to confer happiness. . .
The limestone rock and alkaline soil as well as other properties similar to those of North Africa has given rise to an extensive flora unique to the rock. The flora of Gibraltar consists of some 530 species, mostly native, representing almost 90 families and 330 genera. The Garden Bath hosts some of them. .
MODEL 1 : 50
MODEL 1 : 50
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atlantic ocean
border to Spain Gibraltar airport
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8 1.3
13
8.8
10.4
3.1
7.2
2.7
3.8
3.4
3.4
1.4
10 6.1
3.9
1.9
1.1
6.8 2.2 2.3 2.3
3.2 1.7 3.4
3.2 5.5 2.9 4.9
8.6
4.1
9.5
11
3.8
3.3
1.8
6.5
16.7
9.4
4.5 2.9
4.3 9.7
3 7.1
22.2
5.5
7.9
2.2
9.3
8.9
1.4
7.1
8.6 3.7
7.9
4.7
3.2
3.5
3.5
2.9
7.3 3.3 6.9
2.9
3.6
7.2
17.9
8.6 3.4
7.8
3.5
4.7
7.3 3.1
7.1 3 7
1.4
3.3 7.7
3.3
7.2 2.3
2.3
5.1
3 1.8
7.5 2.4
5.9 2.1
11.1 13.6
6.6
14.8 9.8
3.2
11
8.2 8.7
2.1
9.7 3.8
7.5
9.8
3.3
3.3
7.3
0.5
2.5
7.3
5.2
3
3.1
0.5
4.7
5.6
3
60
5.4 2.1 1.5
2.4
3.1 7.7
14.1
7.4 2.9
3.1
2.8
3.2
8
6.2 5.8
2
11
7.3 2.9
6.8
2.2 3.2
3 2.1
7.8
3.3
2.8 2.9
6 7.9
6.8 5.7
4.9
9.3
3.2
3 6.9
3.1
6.5
4.3
3.4 7.3
2.9
3.1
4.6
3.7 5.8 2.2
3.1 7.1
6.9
6.9
12.2
6.9 4.5 2.4 3.9 0.3 2.7
6
6.2
8.3
4.3
4.6
4.2
2.8 2.4 1.9
6.4 12.2
3.3
3.2
3.7
1
0.8
1.5
1.5
2.9 8.2
3.3
1.7
6
7.4 7.1 1.8 2
7
2.8
2.8
2.5 2
2.3
5.9 2.3
7.6
4.5
2.6
6.6
6.3 3.6 1.5
7.3 3.2
6.2
8
6
6.7
4.6
8.7 6.1 3.6
2.8
10.3
6.7 5.3
4
1.3
6.6
5.3
3.3
3.2
7.1 6.7
9 1.5
1.2 1.4
7.3 5.7 7.4 4.7
5
0.8
7
5.4
6.9
4.3
8
5.2
3.4
9.3
7.4
5.3
4.3
1.2
10.1
3.4
7.2
3.7
8 1.7
3.9 0.7
13.3 10.6
11.8
3
3.4
2.7 7.3
7.1
4.1
8.5 10.5 8.7
6.8
6.2 13.5 13.5 13.3
6.6
3.9
6
3.4 3.4
2.8
3
4.3
4.5
2.9 4.5
0.1
3.3
11.1
15.3
11.4 7.3 7.4
8.3 6.8
3.2
8.5
2.4
2.4
3.6
7.6
1.6
4.4
4
6.9
3.9
4.3 5.4 3.4
3.3
1.8
1.1
5.3
4.3
2.6
7.2
5.9 9.6
7.5
1.9
2.5 0.8 7.8
6.8 15.2
7.6
10.1
14.9
8.2
4.10.7
3.3
14
7.8
10.7
3.9
8.9
7.4
7.7
0
3.2 10.9
8
4.1
3.4 3.5 3.9 3.1
2.9
3.1
11
6
11.5 10.8 9.1
6.5
7.5 11.2 9.3
3.5
9
2.4
10.7
3.9
11.6
4.5
10.3
12.8
11
1.6
12.5
10.6
2.7
4.1
11.7 11.3
11.7
1.9
2.2
2.2 3.5
3.6
4.9
2.9
8.7
5.4 6.6 5.5 5.5
3.9
11.4
11.7
11.3
1.9
10
5.2
14.1 15.2
3.1 2.3 13.3
6.5
10.8
3.2
11.7
2
7.8
1.7
2
6.4 10.2 10.1
9.3 5.9 1.2
8.9
7 3.1
1.7 14 16.5
5.4
11.8
11.5
5.3
3.6 2.6
2.6
8.3
2.2
2.7 6.7 3
12.9 7.8
7.8
5.9 2.4
14.9
8.9
4.4
6 5.7 2.5
11.9
9
3.1
9 8.6
7.1
2.4 14.1
3
7.4
13.9
8.8
4.9
10.9
6.6 8.7
8.1
2.5
11
3
10.6
9.5
1.8
2.9
9.8
2.7 2.9
10.4
0
0.2
0.1
1
5.2 2.9
3.5
2.3
1.8 1.1 12.6
7.8
7.2
4
2.4 3.3
0.8
9.5 3.5 13.6
2.5
4.3
9.4
9.3 5.6
9.7
2.1
1.2
7.1
3.5
11.3
3.4
9.7
4.5
5.9
6.6 6.8
3.1 14.9
3.1
1.6
9.6
7.4
2.4
3.4
6.9
8.8
5.8
3.4
7.3 3.1
2.7
1.4
8.2
11.8
5.6
0.3
2.6 0.5
2.4
13.9
8 11.6 8.4
1
2.3
2.9
11.9
2.5
3.4
9.9
9.5
2.9 2.6
4.7 8 2.5
11.1
7
6.2
8.4
2.7
9.5
5.6 6.5
1
3.4
2.4
9.6
3 6
16
4.2
2.3 6.3 2.5
4.7
5
2.4
8.6
2.8
7
20.2
20.6 14
16.5 7.3 1.9 2 2.3 6.1 13.7
8.6
8.5 6.5
10.9
11.9
0.8
1
3
3.9 2.4
2.5
21.5
18.5
11.9 10.2
4.6 4.8 5.6 4.4 5.9 5.1 3.3 5.1 4.1 7.2
6.7 9.8
2 1.5
2.4
7.5
6.2 2.9 1.5 1.7 1.1 2.8
2.5
7
11.6 3.4 9.6 3.2
24.7
21.1
8.7 6.5
12.8
9.6
8.3 4.6
2.4
5.4
6.1 2.2
3.3
6.4
2.9 5.7 5 5.6
0
2.6
3.4 3.6 26 24.2
19.2 6.7
4.3
2.4
1
8.9 6.7
5.4
3.6
31.7
7.9
3.2 9.6
19.8
24
0.1 6.9
3.9
4 1.2
16.2
1.2
1
2
13.614.3
19.3
2.5 1.6
1.3
3.1
16.9 18.3
3
6.1 9.3
21.2
1.7
3.5
1.9
2.7 3.9
3.4
12.1
7.6
0.8
0.8
1.8 2
10.3 2.9
1.7
15.5 36.3
11.6
14.5
4.6 6.5
4
2.1
2.9
31.3
9.6
15
10.8
7.9
3.9
1.9
5.3 7.7 11.8 4.1 10.8
1.3
13.8 11.4 13.6 12.7 10 10.4
12.5
3
6.6 23.4
25.3 1.7
1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
5.9
4.6
5.3
3.2
5.7
10.4 13.8 13.4 3.9
2.7
11.4
2.3
10
2.4 6.2 2.9 2.7
18.6
4.5 3.5
3.9
2.4
10.4 15.2
5.9
4.2
3.4
2.6
5.5 2.6
3.4
7
18.6
22
22.7 22.2 2.8 2.7 19.5
1.5 3.8 3.6
4.4
16.3
0.3
22.2
31.2
33.5 3.1 3.2
3.4
2
3
1.2
1.5 1.4
37.7
17.6
3.2 3.1
17.4 20.8
20.8
1 1.3 0.3 1
0.6
18.6 15.6
2.1 18.1 22.1
19
24.4
21.5 18.9
7.8
2.5 4.4
2.3
5.9 10.2 7.9 2.5 8.7 2.5
32.9
22.2
19.3
17.7
18.3 21.3
1.9
5.8
9.3 6
2.1 2.1
10.3
13.6 12.5 5.4 2.5
11.2 11.9 14.4
3.1 2.5
1.2 9.3
9.8
15.4 7.2
9.3
4.2
2.2 4.6
7
4
9.4 6.6 4.6
3.4
7.7
3.9
6.9 2.3 2.8
7.6
8.1 9.9
10.9 10.810.4
7
10.8
18.3 18.2
15.5
19.9
20.6
3.1
8.3
6.3
3.1
4.8
10.6 11.9
5.6 8.9
5.2
8.4
11.4 7.5
0.2 9.8
20.4 19.7 16.5
1.7 5 10.4 10.5
3.1
11.8 13.2
2.9 10.3
2.4
9
8.6
8.5 10.7
3.4 3.5
2 2.2
1.2
3.1 3.1 5.6
12 12 3
8.7 0.1
17.7
2.1 14.4 18.4
2.9
8.4
16.3
13.814.6
19.9
17.2
16.3 7.5
3.3
3.7
13.9 6
19.3
7.1
2.5
2.6
9.3
1.3
22
6.2
2.5
0.2 1.6 0.3
18.2 17.4 21.9 18.7
15.4
17.9 16 18.9
3
2
3
5.2
11.7 3
2.9
9.3
9.5
12.5 12.2 12.2
32.2
15.5
7.6 18.6
1.7
21.4
17.7 2.6
11.2
15.6
21.3
21.4 20.6
2.1 1.9 7.6
2
18.6
15.7 19.5
20.1 17
2.4 10.3
1.2
22.9
37.4
31.6
2.7
4.7
3.9 8.8
3.1
9.6
15.3 9.8
32.1 34
3.3
4.5
4
1.3 5.8 14 14.3 14.4 15.5 9.5 7
11.5
30.1 31
5.5
18.8
3.4
8.6
9.4 4.8
9.6 9.8
24
36.4 2.8
15.7
5.8
4.2
4.6
10.3
29.7 32.6
17.9
12.5
15.7 19.1 20.3
3 5.1
4.5
8.6 9.8 2.7
17.9
17.9
18.7 15.9
3.4
15.2 21.4
18.3
19.5
7.3
5.2 7.2 8.9
2.2
5.5 12.3 6.3 10.6 2.8 1.6
2.3 1.8 17.9
2.1
22.4
19.1 18.2
15.4
10.2
5
2.2 35
3.4
18.1 18.5
19.3
7.6 18.1
5.8
3.7
12.7
6
32
2.5 18.1
2.5
6.6
2.9
0.9 11.8
9
37.4 34.9
4.3
3
3.8 18.6
18 15.6 21
4.1 3.1
3
10.1
6.7
5.5
35
2
2
7.5
4.7
15.7 19
20.7
17.7
11.2
7.9
3.7
1.9
5.5 5.2
7.1 31.7
1.9 10 18.1
3.9
3.3
6.8
20.1
10
3.7
1.2
2.1
38
34.7 2.3
10.9
18.1
3.1
2.7
6.5
15.8
2.3 1.1
11.1
1.4 2.9
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.8 2.5 2.6
3.8
8.7
14.1 2.3
2.2
2.1
1.6
2.7
5.6
10.7 18.1
7.8
4.1
3.9
5.3
3.8 3.6
4.3 3.7 4.7
4.6 2.7
1.2
6
3.2
3.1
2.1 2.7 3.3
3 2.9
3
3.2
4.9 4.1
3.2
7
6.4
4.7 3.8
6.6
3
13.8 0.3
18 18.1
2.4
4.5
8.2 6.5 10.5
3 2.8
11.3
6.3 4
7.5
3
0.3
0.5
0.7
1.1 18
2.8
3.4
3.5
2.1
5.8
6.3
6
6.3
18.1
18.1
10.8
11.8
7 3.2
6.5
5.8
5.8
10.5 0
1.5
4.2
2.2
1.2
3.7
1.4
0.6 2.3
360
19.8 10.7 7.7 9.9 2.8
7.7
6.3 1.1
9.4 7.7
8.3 10.9
8.3
16.8
7.3
0 6.7
5.8
3.1
6.8
18
18
16.7 13.6
3.6 3.5 4.4
4.1 5.5
3.1
13.9
1.4
2.5
2.5
3.6
2.3 16.8
2.4 6.8
8.9
2.1
2.4
2.6
4.7
4.9
5.4 5.7 3.3
6.9
5.6
4
3.8
1
6.5 2
3.2
3.4
2.8
3.5 6.5
4.1
12.1
2.3
3
3.5
3.1
7
7.2
8.6 4.3
3.5
2.4
2.9 2.7
350
10.2
3.3
9.1
2.4 3.2
4.4 1.6
14.4 2.7
3.9
0.1
9.8 13.4
14.3
7.7 9.7 1.1
3.3
3.1 2.9
10
3 4.3
3
13.6
7.1 12.9 1.6
4.5
2.9
3.1 4.8
8.9 4.4
9
3.9 3.7 4.8
8
5.6 9.8
3.8
8.9
5.9 5.1
4.8
7.6
10.2
3.4
2.8 9.1
4.3
2.3
4.6
3.3
3.1
1.6
4.9
9.2
5.6
16.3
12.7 2.7
2.1
8.7
9
6.6 2.5 3.4
3
2.6
1.1
8
8.9
8.1
4.5
2.7
3
2.5 3.5
2.9
0.1
0.9
2.4 6.3 2.7
370
11.8 10.5 7.8
11
2.9 2.6 11.7
1.3 1.2
4.6
6.7 6.4
3.2
7.3 6.3 6.4
3.4
8.4
380
1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2
3.3 3.3 2.1
8.2
2.8
3.4 7.2 6.3 10.1 6.6
2.3
6.2 9.5
1.2
9.7 9.9
1.2
5
2.7
3.3
9.1
6
2.9 1.9 3.6
5.4 9.4
9.9
3.2
5.2 5.7 7 2.6
10.1 1 0.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5
3.7
9.1
2.6 5.1
6.2
5.8
11.7
15.2
14.9
3.5 0.1
2.8
8.7
5.8
300
3.1
3.7
1.6
3.5
9
4.8 2.1 4.5
3.5
2.8 3.3 2.6 3.3 4.1 5.8 7.4
3.9
0.9
8.2
2.3
2.4
2
0
8.9
8.8
5.1
3.5 8.5 2.8
1.3
2.6 2.6 2.9
2.5
1 0.9 1.1
10.7
6
3.5
7.1
5.9
15.6 2.8
3.9
3.8
2.5
6
2
2.1
5.1
14.3
10.7
3.9
5.3
8.7
3.8 5.1 4.6
4.4 2.3
2.3
0.9
1.9
10.5 9.6
3.4
3.2
6.1 3.8
3.1 1.4
6 3.5
6.6 9.5 11.3
2.1
3.5
3.1
3.2
4.7
1.3 1.3
10.4
7.2
0.4 11.2
7.6
6.6 11
6.2
5.7
3.1 2.8 3.5
3
1.2 1.2
10.3 3.9
2.4
10.7
10.4 12.4
6.7
9.8
1.6
3.2 2.8
2.2
16.8 2.9 1.2
6.9 2.2 3.7
2.7
2.9
3.5 2.4
4.1
8.3
1.5 14.4
13.1
2.9
7.4
1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
6.9 2.9
2.8
11
11.1
0 1
1.2
8.7
5.9 1.9
5.5
6.4
5.6
10.5
2.2
1.7
2.5
2.4
10
3.6
7.1
12.5
2.5
2.9
3
3.7
3.5
290
4.5
6.7
2.9
9.4 10.9
3.1 5.1
2.7
3
5.7
2.4
3.9
5.8
3.5
3.3
4.1
2.8
10.7 13.7 16.5 13.4 13.5
3.4
2.3
4.5 3.7
5.2 2.7
4.5 5.6 5.6 5.7 1.5
6.5
3.8
5.7 6.7
14.2
4.5 5.9
2
3 2.4 0.9 2.4 4.2
4.7
9.7 12.2
8
2
5.1
15.7
2.7 1.7
7.4
10.3
1.5
1.8 3.2
3.3 3.3
3.7 3.2
13.3 14.3
3.1 5.5
1.9
7.5
7.8
6 3.2
6.3
6
2.9
25
17.8 2.4
2.3 9.2
7.7
12
11.4
13.7 12.6
12.9 11
2.8
2.4
4.2
22
2 7.2
20.8
9.2
9 9
4.3
7
4.2
9.7
23.8
2.4
20.7
19.6
9.1
7.2
8.5
6.4
18.6
1.7
4.4 4 2.6
3.7
17.7
19.6 19.4
10.6 10.5 10.4
12.3
6.8
15.6
4
10.6
21.5
20.6
22.6
18
5.6
9.4
12.3
9.6 10
8
7.9
400
14.8
13.8 13.4
12.1
3.2
12
8 5.2
20.6
13.1
16
13.6
13.2 10.8
6.2
22.4 20.8
13.9 20.9 16.8 14 16.2 15.5 11.2 13.7 13.712.8 13.5 10.8 11.2 17.1 14.1 16.3
5.1 8 3.8 6.4
6
2.2 7.4 7.2
12.7
16.8
14
13.7
8.8 6.5
10 6
5.6
12.2
14
3.7
3.8 10.1
9.9 9.8 6.7 2.9 7.7 12
11.4
10.4
3 29.2
3.3
6.4
9.9
4.4
20.9
22.1 22.622.4 21.3
18.1
26.6 25.9
4.3
3.7
11.5 14.6
11.6 11.2 12.7
7.2 7 4.4 4.3
2.6 2.5
0.5
320
0
0.2 5.8
4.4 8.2
3
4.7
4.5 13.8
8.3 11.9
2.9
2
5.6
390
0
10
5.9
3.5
1
3.3
2.1
22.9
14.6
11.3 4.4
11.9 2.5 11.8
21.1
23.9 23 23.9 23.1 23.4
25.8 26.7
14.4 11.7
15.7
7.4
5.9 10 10.4 11.9 10.7
18.4 20.1
16 15.2
18.8
16.8
14.6 14.1
16.1 16.8 17 18.5 16.9
2.9
9.4
2
27.3
3.8
2
21.4
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5
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9
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3
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1 : 5000
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4
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10
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400
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2
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16
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12
1.7 0
8.5 29.3
34.4
5.3
7.4
12.9
13
3.8
3.1
12.18.4
4.7
7.5 11.6
36.1 34.2 29.5
2.8
9.2
2.9
3.7 3.3
12.5
16
12
5.3
3.3
3.2
3.7
4.2 8.9
10.211.4
9.1 8.7
4.4
6.6
2.1
3.3
3.1
12.9
11.9
15.9
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0
6.7
7.5
2.9
3.1 12.8
11.8
12
1
10.6
3.8 5.5 4.5 4.6
2.5
4.4
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2.5
5
7.6 2.8
7.5 3.5
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13 12
1.6 3.2
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11.2
3.7 8.7
2.6
9.4
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7.4
6.7
5.3 7.9
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5.4
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1.3
11.8
8 2.8
38.3
7.9
3.4
3.2 2.1
3.4
2.2
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15.6 10.1 9.9
10 8.6
9.8 8.5 12.18.6
10.5 10.411.9 5.6 8 10.39.5
3.4
10.610.5
10.2
3.6
2.9
3.5
11.4 12.611.4 12.7 10.9 4.5 11 3.1
10.7
13.1 12.2
13.1
4.4
9.2 9.6 9.6
4.2 3.9 9.6 7.9 12.8 19.5
11.3 8.1
9.6 9.8
10.9
2.7
7.4
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11.5 11.5 12.8 12.8 3.4 10.9
15.8
13.1 12.1
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5
10.49.4 10.5 10.29.4 4.4 3.4 5.7 7.7 10 6.2 9.1
2.9
5.4
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12
17.1
13.1
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3.4
4.5
5.5
7.7 5.8 5.1
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11.2 10.18.9 3.8 9.2 11.8 11.6 6.3 3.3
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2.3
3.7
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7
5.4 3.5 6.9
5.5 8 10 9 2.5
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9.7
3.3
3.4
3.5
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13.1
5.2
15.4
14.9
10.9
4 5.6 8.1 9.7
2.8 1.1 11.2
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5.1
3.6
2.3
11.9
12.9
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13.2 12.2 12.1
8.4
5.1
5.1
6.55.1
5.8
7 7.4
6.8
10.6 9.3 7.6 8.2
5.6 8.4 9.2 0.8
15.6 16.8 20.3
2.7
15.6
13.4 12.1
3.6
9
12.1
14.9
15.5
12
6.4
1.6 2
1.6
3 2.8
7.6
9.9 3.6 3.2 5.1
12.7
17
13.5 12.1
3.9 3
7.6
15
3 4.4
2.2 2.7
3.5
3.3
5.9
5.3 3.5
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15.6
12.1 2.1
2.8 3.9 2.2
2
12.1 9.8
5.3 5.2
4.2
12 12.8
16.8
2.1
2.1 2.1
14
9.8 6.8
5.8
6.8
8.1
8.2
3.9 2.2 6.4
9.5
2.3 4.1 8.2
12.1
12.6
7.3
4.7
4.6
2.8 8
11.8
6.6
3.6
3.2
13.9 7.8
12.8
15.3
6.8
5.3 5.7 8.4 3.4 4.9
2.7
3
12 13
16.4
2.6
5
2.9 12
12.8
16.7 15.6
11.8
2.3
0.2
3.8 1.2 2.3
0.1
12
16.9 15.5
13.4
4.1
120
2.7
21.1 21.5 9.5
13
15.2
13.6 11.9
4.6
23.4 21.7 23.4
21.3
19.2
2.5
11.9
16.5
13.5 11.9
2.9
21.4 15.8
27.1
18.2 13.2
16.7
13.4 11.7
1.6 1.3
2.9
19.2
18.3
12.2 15.8 18.6 13.1
15
Page 1 of 1
20.9
0.7
14
3
13
13.2 11.7
5.4
15.8
2.5
2.6 3.3
3.4 10.9
10.9 11.9
13
3.1
160
3.6
10.2 6.9
0.8
2.1
11.5
6.8 2.3
2
1
110
2.9
4
4.7 6.5
8.8 6.5 8.5 8.9
8.8 7.3
9.1 7.4
9.2 7.7 5.6 6.6 9.8 9.2 7.5 6.8 6.6 14.2 9.6 8.1 6.7 4 1.7 14.2 4.1 9.8 9.9 8.2 6.6 9.9 9.8 8.2 8.2 7.4 14.3 10.17.9 8.26.8 11.7 10.18 6.6 4.2 9.8 9.5 8.1 6.7 6.9 9.9 10.2 6.3 6.9 9.9 7.9 8.3 7.1 7.9 8.3 74.3 8 6.6
14.3
3.8
2.1
12.4 3.6
12.2
12.5
2.3 2.7
1.9
3.6
4
9.7 7.8
12.7 0.9
2.5
12.1 11.4
12.2
12.4
2.4
4 7.8
5.6
9.9 9.8
2.7
3.6
1.4 11.2
12.6
2.2 4.3
5.6
5.8
5.2
5.2 2.9
4.8
14.3
21.1 21.2
18.5
2.7
2.9
3.7
2.6 3.3 3.8
23.2 21.5 23.2
15.7 18.4
7.3 6.3
8.4 8.8
0
12
11.3 12
9.4
34
2.9
3.7
6.2 7.6
4.5 6.1
6.2 5.1
0.8
1.8
17.8
2.2
2.4
3.2 0.2
6.4 5.5
6.2 5.1
6.5 5.3 3.7 4.6 6.2 3 5.2 5.2 6.2 5.3
7.5
7.5 7.1
3.8 3.2
21
2.9
2.8 2.4
5.2
5.7 2.8
11.3
12
7.4
7.3
2.8
0.8 4.4 2.4
3.5
2.5
5.2
2.3
6.6
3.1
2.1
11.4
12.5
2.2
3.6
2.7
2.5
3.7
24.1
3 1.2 2.2
21
3.2
2.1
2.9 10.2
12
7.1 6.4 5.1 4.6 6 5.2 5.3 6.5 4.3 6.4 5.6
6.6
8.5 4.5
6.1
6.1
6.6 4.9 7.5
3.7
2.6 3.5
12 12
12.4
4.8 4.9
21.9 26.6 14.7 16.4 21.9 19.3 22 21.8 22
3.7 3 7.4 3.1 2.4 12.1
2 12 11.5 12.1
6.9
10.4 11.1
2.7
11.7 2.5
2
12.5
20.7 19.3 20.8
19.3
17.2 15.9 18.4
0.1 7.4
12.2 2.2
12.3
12.4
7.6
3.4
2.2
5.3
20.8 19.5
18 4
6.8
6.4 12.2
11.5
12.2
21.3
3.7
6.2 2.7
4.4 12.4 11.7
12.2
12.3
5.9 7.4
3.2
4.3
3.1 2.8
4
2.6 12.4
11.9 12.3
12.3
3.1
2.5 2.6
6.7
7.7 5.2 2.1
20.6 20.9 3
2.9 6.1
12.7 12.1
12.4
12.4
2.2
2.3
3.7
17.9
3.9 3.5
18.5
18.1 2.9
12.2
11.8 12.3
12.1
9.2
10.6
7.4
23 21.5 18.8 23 15.421.3 23.8
9.4
7.7 8 6.9 7.1 6.3 5.3 6.7 7 6.3 5.9 3.8 6.1 7.3 5 6 5.9 6.6 6 6 3 6.9 5.6 4.1
3.7
20.6
18.3
23.9 18.7
8.8
11.8
11.7
2.3 10.8
2.9
8
5.8
7.3
12.2
12.2
15.5 12.7
2.8 3.5 3.5
2.8
1.8 9.2
21.8
20.3 18.7 20.8
18.7 15.7
17.7
3.9
2.9
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7.9
2.6
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18.6
1.4 2.8
11.7
5.4 15.5 12.6 15.5
2.7
3.4
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4.2
3.1
3.9
13.6
5.9
12.2
7.7
4
3.1
3
3
2.9
5.5
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4.1
28.6
5.8
18.5
5.2
3 11.4
3.8
4.3
15.7
18.8 21.7 13.2 17.1 18.7 16.3 18.3
17.9
2.9
20.7 19 20.6
17
0.6
0.7
1610.6 16.2 18.7
3.8
3.7
5.2
11.3
7.2
15.8
3.2
0 28
14.5
15.6
12.2
5.6
7.3 3.3
7.3
3.8
4.3
6.2
2.5
8.9
12.2 4.9
8.7
9.5 12.7
70
2.5
2.5 2.6
21.8 2.6
5.2 9.5
5.6 21.7
17 18.7
80
2.6
16.3
18
6.4
20.2
4.9 7.4
18.8 18.3
2.9
2.5 3.7
2.6
4.5
150
5.7
180
8.9 6.5
0
16 2.5
3 2.1 1.3
14
1.6
1.8 6.8
5.6 26.4 4.2
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0
2.7
6.6
5.9 2.5
6.4 7.3
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0
3.1
2.5
11.4
9.7
4.2 3.2
13.1
4.9 2.2 8.1
5.3
7.9 2.6 12.1
8.4 9.7 11 10.4
14.9
4.1
11.2
3.4 3.1
3.3
10.3
5.4 7.2 14.4
9.5
2.7
10.2 9.7
13.4
11.4
14.6
11 13.2
16.1
3
5.7
7.4 2.1 2.1
12.5
11.8
3.8 3.6 2.5
9.9 12.1
10.4
13.3
4.4 4.8
7.6
8.1
8.5
3.4 5.7
12.9
11.9
9.5 12.4 10.2 12
11 6.3
3.4 4.5
3
8.2
6.4 12.1 13.6
8.6
5.6
17.8 5.8 6.3
18.2
3.7
3.7
3.3
3.1
2.4
2.1 4.72.1
9.7 30.7
25.1
20.6
17.5
3.4
1.9
6.3
2.2
3.5
7.8
8.2
11.6
17.7
17.9 7.4 8.4
3.2 2.4
5.3
5.5
9.7
3.9
13 9.4
5.6 7.1
2.2
2.5 2.2
16.3
6
3.6 0
0
5.9 3.4
6.4
13.8
12.6
5.6 3.5
13.4
4
2.4
14.2
17.3
5
9.7
14.4
7.3
6.6
8.5
13.5
11.2
7.1
13.6
13.9 5.8
6.2
12.5
15.1
3.5
3.2
13.3 6.5
7.1
9.6
12.5
5.7
3.6
3.1 4.4
10.8
6.3
5.1 18.3
11.6 14.9
8.6
4.8
6.3
1
6.2
7.1 9.3
13.3
10.9
8.1 9
29.7 9.3
11.8 4
4.9
12
9.6 4.2
0.5
26.4
28.5 27.2
7.7
11.7
6.5
11.1
7.4 4.1
5.2
3.2
2.7
5.8
28.1
18.2
28.6
9.8
4.1
25.2
26.1
8.3
14.8 14 12.5
28.3
6.9
11
7.6
2.9
6
20.9 18.2
4.3
3.4
4.3
3.8
4
1.6 1.5
2.9
14 13.6
8.5
17.3
10.1
6.1
3.8
9.7
3
12.5
10.5
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2.6
28 26.5
28
0
5
3.1
5.7 7.9
11
11.7
16.6 12.619.4
7.6
7
4.7
7.1
27.4 27.3
9.6
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2.5
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22.1 15.9 16.3 18.4
6.2
4.3
0
9.8
3.6
26.5 3.8
2
8.6
9.1
8.7
6.8
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19.1
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2.4 5.2 1.8 26.5 4.4 5.3
0
6.2
3.7
7.7
4
3.1
8.8
8.7 7.6
10
6.1
5.7
0.6
3.9
5.6 6.2
4.8 11.2 5.3
4.5
12.4
6.8
2.7
4.7
8.6
2.6
2.7
1.9
2.7 1.8 9.5
22.2
7.4
4.8
5.8 14.1
10.1
1.8
3.6
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20.1
11.3
2.7 2.6 4
6
13.8
2.8
5
5.1
4.4
11.2
12
5.3
2.4
4.9
1.6
2.6
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5.1
6.9
13.3
3.1
10.2
15.4
19.6
21
21
2.4
1815
19.2
18.2
1.7
6.3
4.1 3.1 4.3 4.2
12.6 23.4
2.8
5.7
0.5
12.8
12.3
9.1
2.6
3.3 7 10 11.7 1.8 9.6
9.3 6.4 9 6.2
10.29.4
11.7
11.1 15
9.6
3.3
3.3
13.5 8.3 5.3 4.4 10.2
13.5
15.7
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9.5
2.2
27.9
26.5
28.1
5.9 0
0
12.1
10.2
18.4 11.7
10.6
10.2
4.9
5.5
5.1
8.2
20
Gibraltar Rock water reservoirs / levanter cloud
11.5 9.7 9
6.7
3.3
13.8 10.7
7.7
3
7.1 2.6
3.4
5
5
5.5
3
2.2
2.3
9.3
1.4
12.6
6.2
3.4
6
6.6
5.8
5.7
2.3 1.4
3.3
2
4.4
5.8
6.9
4.5
3.2
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17.1
13.8
9.6
4.8 3
2.7 2.7
2.6
6.1 5.4
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3.2
3.6
0.6
3.6 15.7
3.5
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3.7
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14.6
12.5 14.2
10.6
5.7
8.5
6.6
7
2.1 2.2
2
3.7
3
7.3
17.3
1.6
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2
1.8
16.8
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13.6
19.6
7.6
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8.1
4 9.7
2.4 2.6
2.9
1.6
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10
1.7
7.3
2.6
10.6 10.5
6.2
25.5 19.7
3.4
3.4
4.4
3.6
3.6
3.1
10.5
15.6 17.4 6.8 7.3 5.2 21.5 10.4 9.5
4.6 6
15
17
9.3 6.8 2.4
4.5 6.8
10.3
8.6
2.2 2.6
0
140
6.8
5.1 2.6
5.4
7
2.9
7.1
5
2.4
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18.6
9.9
13.7
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2.5
11.1 2.5
2.2 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4
2.1
1.6
15.9 14.8
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9.6 13.4 10.4 9.8
8.1 10.2
1.4 5.6
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3.7
2.2
2.3
11.5
11.3 12.3 9.5
2.5 13
7.6
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3.6
3.8
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7.3 2.5
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12 14.7 16.1
3.3
2.4
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5.5
5
0.7
8.7
13.7
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3.1 10 11.2 10.8 9.4
2.4
2.1 5.5 2.4 0.8 11.3
6.9
18.4
8.6 4.1 4
7.5
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2.9 3.6
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9
12.3 12.9
14.1 9.2 13 12.1
5.1
4 1.4
8.6 12.8
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14.111.8
15.2
0.2
9.7 10.2 12.4 11.6
7.8 3.7 7.6 10.3
2.4 2.3
5.9
11.1 12.8 10.5
2.1 7.7
10.4 11.8 9.9
15.1
9.6
8.9
6.7 7
9.5 7.8
3.1
5.2
15.9
5.8 9.8
11.3 13.4
12.5
10.4 6.8
14.5
2.2 10.2 6.8 7.6
2.5
4
16.3
7.2
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3.8
3.4 13.5
10.113.6
14.8
11.1 1.7 2.9
3.4
9 10 6.6
1.6
2.8
1.6
170
1
22.8
7.8
7.7
5.3 6.5 3.1
2.7
5.5
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7.3
7.5 9.7
12.6 14.4 4.5 13.8 14.1 17.4 16.9 14.3
15
12
2.1
2.2 0.2
5.2
9.7 19.8 17.5 14.9 18.1
7.9
11.6 12.2 11.3 6.6 11.2 12 11.9 11.212.8
8.7
3.5 5.4
2.7
2.9 3.2
11.1 6.7 9.8
3.3
5.4 2.6 2.5 3.5
1.6
2.3
8.2 12.5 12.4 14.4
11.6 2.9
9.6
5.4
7.9
5.1 3.5
2
3.1 3.1
1.9
3.9
360
2.9
6.5 4.7
11.9 10
6.6 2.6
3.5
8.7
6.7 4.5 10.1
7.5
13
5
3.7
6.7
2.9
1
13.3
11.2 6.2
8.3
4.8
7
6.5
1.6
7.7 5.1 4.6
2.8
2.4
10.7 9.9 4.4
2.9 10
2.7 13.4
10.5 13.4 12.8
4.4
2.3
0.1
5.6
9.9 3.4
7.5
13.3 14.1 2.7 2.8
2.6 2.7
0.1
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28.8
2.6
4.2 11.5
12.3
15.7
13.2
5.2
3.5 3 1.1
2.1
5.6 4.6
2.7
9.9
12.3
9.2
9.3
7.6
12.9 13 8.2
0.1 1
6.4
6.7 7.1 3.8 2.7
10
5.1
10 4.7 3.9
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1.8
1.9 9.5
16.2
3
3.8
12 13.9
13.1
13.9
4 3.5
6.5
9
14.9
16 2.5 13.1 9.7 10.2 5 7.5
10.5
11.6 9.2
3.1
6.5
8.6
7.7
4.1 3.8
12
14.5
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2.5
2.8 4.6
8.8 10.6 9.1
11.5
7.7
2.1
13.2
2.7
9.3
4.5
2.6 12.4
3.6
2.1
14.6
12
1.5 4.5
12.9
7.4
12.8 8.8 10.3
12.9
12.7 9.8
4.6
6.7 6.4
9.1
7.2
6.4 8.5
6
3.8 3
12.5 2.8 9.3
3.8
11.4
9.9
11
4.4
4.3 3.5 1.7 3.1 2.2
3
10.1
10.1
15
3.4
8.5
10.5
7
9.8
1.3
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Gibraltar main street
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2.4
10.2 7 8.9 9.5
13.5 7.3
12.8
8.7
12.4 17.3
2.3
6.7
6.9
3.2 9.5
3.7
6.8
12.1
1.5
3.4 4
1.7
11.8
14.9
5.1
3.8
2.7
6.2 2.6
3.5 3.7
2.9
13.8
3.6
5.9
4.2
13.7 13.6 17.1 12.5
14.9
17.8 13.9
7.7
9.6 12.8
14.9 12
17.9
13
16.3
7.1
15.3 15.4
15.6 19.2
10.7
11.3
15.5
15.4
13.8 16.7 18.4
17.6
2.3 6.4
10.2
30.8 7.2
3.4
15.7
4.8 0
8.4
9.9
7.6
16.6
16
13.5
2.2
2.3
10.9
5.7
13
10.7
17.4
18.7 18
16.6 19.419.6 19.4 19 12.6
0.7
8.3 10.4
18.8 16.1
15.7
18.5
14.2 4.5
15.5
13
8.5 14 16.1
13.7 8.1
15.3
8.1
3.4 6.5
2.1
2.8
4.9 3.9 6 7.4 16.111.3
3.7
9.7
6.9
2.1
7.2 7.3
10.5 13.3 8.1 12.7
8.8
11.7
18.816.1
15.1
13.3 12.1
8.8
18.5 17.4 12.5
16.5 13.8
4.7
7.6 8.8 9.5
7 11.2 13.5 13.6 9.1 3.2
7.8
11.8
11.3
15.1 11.3 6.8
3 5.9 5.9 6.4
3.2
4.3
3.6 2.5 2.3
2.3
3.8 6.6 2.9
3.3 3.1 3.2
7 9.7
21.5
10.6
29.4
3.6
12.3
12.4
11.9
12.2
3.9
7.8
9.3 9.1
8.2
9.8
8.1
4.6
9.9
6.7
6.4
5
13.1
3.1
11.6
12.4
7.4
7.3
9.4
9
3 2.9
3.9
11.9 10 8.5 10.7 10.8 9.3
6.6 11.2 7.4 9.4
7.1 7.5
16.3 18.1
2.8
5.9
8.7 8.6 3.7 9.9
1.3
2.7
2.7
10.2
12 8.4 11.1
15.8
14.1 12.6
7.9 5.6
10.1
7.2
4.8
5.3
2.8 9.5 6
17.1 11
2.2
14.8
13.1
2.8
9.3
5.4 10.2 4.6 3.6 5.7 3.9
8.2
15.1
5.6
10.1
12.8
3.3
11.1
8.8
2.7 8.7 10.7 1.5
7.4
11.3
11 8.7
2.6
21.6
9.3
1.6
8.8 15.3 6.8
8.9
11 6.3 11.1
9.3 11.7 1.5
2.7
6.2
18.5 14.7
9.9
13.9
8.5
11.5
13.2
15.6
12.2
15.7
10.6
7.3 5.8
11.1
1.9 5.6
2.4
2.9 12.1
14.3
18.9
11.4 6.7 6.2
7.3
7.5
13.9
14.78.7 11.3
2.7
9.1 3.3
13.3
7 10.7 14.8 13.6 13
14.5
5.3
6.6
15.6
7.7
15.2
7.1
9.1
4.9
2.9
3.1 2.6
4 8.1
6.1 7.7 1.3 6.7 3.5 3
6.7
10.7 12.6
9.4 12.3
8 11.9
8.9 8.4
19.8
16.1
15.7 20.8
13.7
14.8
13.4 12.4 12.8 7.9
10.2
13.8 10.2
18.7
18.9
17.9
17.9 12.5
16.2 12.6 11.9 8.9
8.8
11.3 8.2 9.6
8.1 15.7
4.1
12.3
18.5
8.1
5.9
13.4 11.9 11.3
2.9
9.2
8.2 6.8
6 9.4 8.3 9.3
11.5
3.2 2.9 4
7.1 4
9.7
11.1
5.8
12.8 7
9.5
8.9
3.3
5.5
19.1 20 13.8
17.5
11.8 3.5
29.5 2.2
2.7 2
3.2
10.3
7.3
6.2
26.8
5.5
4.1
8.2
4
8.8
9
11.1
8.8
8.4
13.2
17.2
14.6
11.9
12.4
12.3
17.5
11
11.8 3.4 27.4
11
11.6
12.9
12.5
17.4
14.8
28.3
14.3
16
8.1 2.6
2.4
2.5
4.5
15.4
7.6 13.4
2.8
3.1
7.5
14.9
7.5 10.2
3.3
10
8.9
11.5 54.9
8.5 0.6 6.3
7.7
5.5
11.2
5.3
3.7 10.3 7.3 7.1
6.1
7
11.1 9.7
3.9
10.1
14.1 10.3
9.3
2.1
3.1
13.61 16
17.2
10.8
8.3
2.6
1.3
14.112.1
2.5 4.3 8.2
8.8
8.1 3.5 3.5
2.8
18
5.2
6.3
8
8.8 7.4
2.1
3.6 4.4
4.1
8.3
6.3
4
13.6 12.7
8.3 10.1 1.8
11.5 11.3 13.7
7.6 11 9.8 14 14.9 12.1 12.6 7.3 14.7 10.2 17.9 7.8 4.1 11.2 10.3
14.4
11.4
10.9 3.8 7.2 9.2 9.2 12.8
10.6 10.6
13.8 15 11.8 14.4 9.5 17.6 14.3 17.3 11.8 3.7 13.2 16.6 18 10.8 6.7 13 7.9 13.9 14 10.8
10.8
17.2 13.5
7.3
10.6
8.7
8.3 10.6 6.7
8.3
9.9 13.6
14.4
4.3
16
16
5.7
7.3
7.4 11.3
7.3
4.1
8.4
2
8.1 7.4
1.9 8.4
12.9 11.4
5.2 12.5 10.5
10.4 9.7
12.1
16.3
5.8 5.1
7.8
3.9
1.4
14.7
11.7
10.5
8.8
11.7
9.8
10
11.6 10.2
12.2 12.5 10
14.9
12.8
14.6
14.7
12
2.5 8.3
7.5
10.7 10.4 12.6
13.6
16.9 16.1 14.3
17.8
18.7
14.6
13.7
2.2
8.4 8.3 5.7
8
13.1
17.6
2.6
2.5
2.4
10
2.4
2.6
2
14.4
14.8
9.1 2.7
2 2.8 2.7
1.2
16.6
3.3
3.3
2.3
1.8
9.9 6.4
2.8
1.1
10.7
5.3
2.2
9.1
4.9 14.7
15 10.8
11.4
10
13.3
15
13.9 13.5 10.1
12.4
11.3
11.3
19
19.2 18.1
10.8
11.5
12.2 14.6
15.6 15.5
11
10.5 11.9 8 5.1 10.9
12.1
9.9 2.8
10.9
7.7
3.6
6
3.6
7.4
18.6 14.9
1.5
1.7
18.7
2.4
3.8 7.6
9.4
3.6
15.3
13.8
12.7 11.5
7.5
2.9
2
1.3
2.7
1.9
2
3.5 2.3
8.9 10.2
1.9
6.1
11.6 4
10.78.1
4.3 11.7
14.3
16.4
8.7
12.5
3.3
6.5
10.4 7.3 14.2
11.8
3.5
10.8
10.7
7.8
6.4
16.3 15.3
0.5
0.9
9.6
9.9
2.6 2.5
2.8 3.2
7.7
9.5
3.2 3.1
8.4 1.7
5.2
8.5
9.6
2.6
2.3
7.1
14.7 16.7
5.1 3.6 3.3
9.9
6.2
7.9
8.4
11.3 13
12.1
5.5
18.2
9.6
10.2
8 8.8 11.5
9.4
12.5
16.4
12.9
11.1 6.3 2
9.1
9.9
12.212.9
5.9
12.5
13.2
15.5 7.4 13.2
15
14.2 6.8
7.7 10 7.3
3.1 3.2
16.6
10.8 17.3 12.8 14 3.6 20.1
15
11.7 5.4 2.5
2.5 2.8
13.5
13.8
8.6
9.1
2.8
3.3
13.4
3.7 10.6
15.4
15.7 14.2 10
11.3
9.9
2
2.4
17.7
5 13.7
3.4
10.1
11.7
15.4 15.1 18.3
15 4.6 15.3
13.7
5.3
13.4
6.8
7
4.6
14.5
10.3
5.3
11.8 14.9
3.8 15.4
11
16.4
6.4 9.4 10.2
13.6
10.8
8.9
5.9 11.8
15.1
0
4.2
11 13.8
9.6
2.9
3.8 4 2.2
11.1 3.6
2.5
14.2
13.8
6.1 26.3
23.6 6
8.2
2.6
2
14.3 15.4 10.93.4
10.4
12.2
10.1
14.4 10.5 8.3
7.7 5.8 3.1
5.6
2.1
2.7
13
17.1
2.8 13.5
10.4
9.8
9 13.7 7.6
3
3
16.5
17.3
8.2 13
16.7
14.5
3.2
3.2 5.6
2.4
2.7
3.9
9.7
0
19.3 12.9
20.7
13.8 11.4
28.1
21
18.3 6.9
3.1 5.1 8.9 10
2.3
11.9
7.7
9.5
12.9
11
16.4
16.4
5.7
10.9
2.2
12.1
15.8
13.3 14.2
7
5.5
1.3
4.9
2.6
1.6
4.2
3.4
3.8 5.2 3.3 4.4 4.1
8.7
6.5
3.7
1.9
1
11.5
10.2
15.8
9.4 3.9
4.2 9
10.4
2.8
1.4 2.4
2.1
3.1 16
10.5
9.5
6
10.97.4
13.9 13.8 13.3 13.97.9 12.8 11.1 11 7 11.2
5.9 6.1
10.6
15.9
15.7
8.9 10.9
12.3
6.5 4.4
3.1 10.5
6.8
4
6.8
7.2
20.5
21.4
15.8
14.7
10.4
10.1
18.1
4.5
18.3
16
18.4
5.1
14.1
8.5
2.6 4.5
0.9
0.4
6.4 4.2 3.4
3.4
15.3
3.7
11.9 12.6
14.9
16 9 6.1 8.3
11.8
4.9
7
0.8 2.6
3.4
11.1
10.1
9.1
3.1
2
0 4
14.3
6.8
2.7 4.1 3.5
2.1
17.5
11.4
15.8
10.37.2 5.8 9.7 3.2 11.5
11.7
13.4 8.6
6.4
13.3
12.5
7.5 16.1 13.9
15.2
14.1
14.2
17.5
12.1
17.7
12.7
14.2
6.6
8.8
4.5
8.3
7.8
14.6
17.1
14.2
7
14.5
14.2
9.3 13.5
17.9
2.6
15.4
13.6 10.3 7.6
9.1
13.2 7.7
7.8
17.5
16.5 14.3
10.2
12.1
14.9 11.5
14.6 17.4
3.7
12.7
15.5
3.6
2.9
11.6
26.5
14.2
17.9
13.9 15.9
10.8
4.1
3.2
2.7
3.4
0
17.4
17.5
4.9
9.8
9.1
1.9
1.5 0.4
2.1
2.1
2.5 17.4
7.1
5.1
7.3
6.1 7.8 8 5.6
12.6 14.2 11.2
18.2
6.1
6.2 5.3
27.1 13.6
13.1 15.6
11.5
2.8
16.2
12.9
3.3
21.4 23
12.43.3 10.6
11.5 4.7
9.5
11.1
4.4
16.9
4.9
6.2
6
11.8
23.3
4
9.5
13.6
4.5 18.7
17.3
0
14.6
16.8
17.2 17.4 16.4
18.1
3.4 11.4 11.8
6.9 9.6
8.3
14.9
13.7
11.9
13.6 14.9
18.3 19.3
16.9
14.8 12.6
15
15.6 10.1 6.5
15.3 12.3 4.1
11.1
13.5
10.3
12.2
8.4
12.2 15.7
11.5
17.9
11.4 10.6
6.7 14.2 13.4
13.2 15.9
8.2
10.1 10.6
10.6 10.8
14.4 15.2
8.8
8.3
19.6 19.6
0
5.1
8.5
7.7
7.1
4
10
8.9 7.2
5.9
1.4
11 10.7
14.8 10.7 13.212.3
11.6
6.6
3.5 0.6 2.4 0.8 3.2 2.4
1.3
0.9
2.3 3.7
3.7
0
2.5
17.4
5
12.4
9.1
2.2
14.6
7.4 8.9 12.2
4
2
1.9
1.7
3.3
0
17.3
3
2.1
2.4 6.6
2.6
2.3
4.4
1.1 0.9
2.2
17.3
2.8
3.6
2.5
12.9
6.9
13.1
8.3
15
16
18.5
2.2
2.8
11.7
17.3
18.2
5.1
6.4
10.7
1213.911.3
12.2
9.6 14.8 16.5
16.6
3.5 4.6
4.6 6
2.5 5.2
12.1 12.9
2.7
7.7
3
5.3
3.2
6.8 5.3
10.3
13.7
40
5.1
4.3
3.6
16.1
15.2 11
14.6 11.1
2.1
3.2 2.7 3
6.5 4
17.4
Prison
20
16.9
11.4 7.8 5.7 4.4 20.6 18.8 15 19.9
18.4
6.4
3
5.2
5.3
3.8 3.2
3.8
21.120.9 20.4 14.8
1.8
2.7
5.5
4.5 13.6
14.4
13.9
6.9
10.4
3.1
17.2 13.5
10.5
2.6
3.2
17.217.1
13.7
11.7
16.2 17
17.4
15.9
7.4
13.1
17.3
14.4
14.8
11.9 17
2.8
4.3 12.3 15.9
2.2 5.2
5.1
3.2
1.4
2.9
2.4
2.3
7.8 2.3
6.3 10
7
8.2
8.1
9.5
4 6.8
2.4
7.6
5.6 6.8
3.8
13.8
15.7
14.8
3
3.9 4.1
13.7
13.9
6.8
2 2.9
3.3
2
2.6
10.4
2.7 2.4 18 6.9 5.6
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.7
3.4
2.3
3.3 2.8
7.1 2.9
1
2.7
5.4
2.7
6.9 9.5 3
10.3
9.4 7.3
3.1
0.7
5.2
12.9 2.2 6.8
10.6
13 5.9 12.5
13.2
3 3.6 10.4
2.4
1.8
3.4
5.9 1.4
2.8 3.2 4.6
1.8
18 7
5.6
8.4
1.3
3.6
13.6 10.5
5.5 11.1 5.6 10.4 10.4
3.1 7.6
13.1 16.1
14.1
16
11
2.4
2.5
5.5
8.9
4.2
15.4
2 2.3
9.7
8.9 2.6 7.4 4.7 6.8
5.6
5.9
4.2
1.4
3.4
5.8
4.6
7.5 8.6 10.5 10.4
4.2
1.1
2.3
0.8
18
8.3
10.9
4.2 3
9.8
5.5
6.1 5.3
3.8
5.4 2 1.5
3
4.6
4.7
3.3
1.7
0.2
2.9
6.3 12.4
2.3 3.5
3.4
0.6
6.6
4.7
0 3.5
2.6
16.7 3.3 2.1
3 9.8
4.4
8.8
13
11.8
9.6 1.6 16.9
13.4
2.9 3.3 8.9 6.6 7 7.8 8.8 9.8 8.2 2.6 10.2 8.8 6.3
15.6
1.1
1.7 12.8
31
16.7 2.7
2.7
5.2
2.7
7.4
3.9
2.6
0.3
4.2
8.2 8.5
5.7
15.1
2.2
3.5
12.4
12.5
2.5
6.9
18.5
16.9
15
15.9 8.5
3.8 2.5
2.4
3.2
10.6
3.3
9.9
16.4 10.9 17.3 11.2
13.9 14.2
11.1
3.4
9.2 5.8 10.5
2.9
9.6 6.5
11.1 7
0.9
4
3.7
2.4
3.9 0.1
5.6
3.7
5.7 5.1
9 0.9 6.3
2.6 2.5 8.8
3
5.9 2.5
3.4 6.4
2.2
0.5
1.4
1.5
8.3
7.5
5.6
5.6
2.7
15.2
3.4
5.5
13
3.4
3
9.9
3.4
7.1
4.4
13.3 10
7.6
6.2
9.5
16.8
9.7
9 5.7
2.7
9.4 5.7
13.9
16.3 18.5
12.1 15.6
16.2 9.9 7.6
13.9 11.8 11.9
14
8.6
7.1 6.7 6.2 5.1 6.6
2.2
2.6
2.2
9.3
14.7
7.5
7
17.8
4.1
10.8
16
2.6
2.7
11.6
0.2
1.4 1.9 2.3 0.3
2
0.4
1.9 3.3
2.5
7
11.9 15.3 7.4 15.2 9.5 10.6 9.8 17.2 14.4 12.3 15.5 16 14.9 15.2 12.9 7.1 14.8 14.2 6.4 14.3 13.7 10.4 10.7 11 14.7 14.5 10.5 15.1 7.9 12.8 5 7.7 12.4 11.4 6 11.8 14.1 11.1 14.8 12.3 16.6 16 13.9 10.6 14 13.2 10.3 8.9 11.3 15.6 12.3 11.4 16.5 12.5 13.8 14.2 15.2 14.1 7.6 15.6 19.1 16.3 14 10.4 15.2 11.6 15.1 20.6 14.7 8.1 3.8 19.7 10.916.2 12.8 18.6 13.6 10.2 12.6 13.9 17 20.4 15.7 15.5 11.3 13.9 18.3 12.1 9.6 10.1 12.5 15.9 14.7 7.2 12.2 13.2 4.3 19.1 13.2 9.7 11.3 14.6 11.6 16.2 11.7 9 13.615.7 17.9 14 16.1 15.3 9.9 8.7 16.3 20.8 20.5 17 18.6 8.7 10.9 11.4 19.6 9.8 21.421.1 13.1 18 22.6 15.5 17.9 13.2 14.3 22 13.3 3.9 11.3 11.4 21.9 14.38.8 12 15.6 12.1 21 19.7 18.4 14.7 12.9 9.9 14.1 13 14.7 13.6 10.7 20.4 18.4 14.6 1012.4 9.7 11.6 13.9 15.4 17.4 11.9 12.1 15.7 18.4 14.9 11.1 13.1 15.2 18 12.8 15.4 15.3 11.9 25.8 3.6 14.3
16.5
17.4
15.2
14.4 9.7 17.3 9.7 12.2 12.8 1212.7 13 10.6 13 14.2 9.5 9.9 12.8 17.517.2 9.7
7.5
13.9
9.7
2.5
1.4 3.8 2.7 2.3 1.3
3.1 1.9
2.6 3
9.5
9.7
6.6
3.6
3.3 3
15.9
4.7
3.2
16.3
11.2
8.6
4.9
3.8
13.2
18.1
16.2 8.9
17.7
12.3
12.4
11.6
2.6
18.6
11
8.3 9.7
15.2
13.3
2.6 4.2
7.7
0.6
1.7 1.6
8.8
10
12.8 10.1 14.6
0.9
5.7 5.4
2.9
1.1
6.3
13
6.8
13.8 16.3
14.8
2.2
7.4
7.3
14.2
0.3
2.5
17.8
11.8 14.8
11.2 10.2
17.4 13.9 13.3 17.3
8.8 17.8
12
4.6 3 1.8
2.2
0.6 1.8
7.9
6.3
4.8
9.1
6.1
6.8 16.4
1.9
3
3.6 5.7
3.1
1
2.7
1.4
6.7
2.7
2.1 1.8 3.1 2.6 2.5
7.4
16.5
15.7 14.5
4.5
15.8 12.5
1.9
6 9.7
12.2 12
18.5
22.3
7.2
11.4
9.7 2.8
13.5
2
13.6
14.9
12.7
18.1
17.4
15 14.111.1 8.8 14.6
12.1
16.1 13.1
12.3
9.9 12.1 11.7
7.7
4.5
4.2 2.5
6.7
60
2.9 2.6
0.1 1
10
4.5
3.1
3.4
2.4
13.7
7.7
7.7
15.7
9.7
9.8
9
10.5 9.6
10.1
3.3
17.7
9.6
10.1
8.7
0.2 0.1
3.7
1.2
8.2 10.5 11.1
7.5 8.8
9.4
12.3
5.3
23
11.6
18.3
13.4
8.5 15.6
12.8 16 15.8
22.7
15.2
9.4 17.219.2 12.1 15.5 12
10.1
2.5
2.8
3.6 1
0.2
400 380
3.3
11.5 10.1
2.9 2.1
20.9
12.4
15.9 6.8
14.3 9.6
0
3
0.1
2.4
2.6 2.4
2.3
21
14.7
15.8 11.6
24.5
17.7
13
12.4
7.7
6.5
3.5
2.9
3
2.4
1
2.3
13.1
20.5
14.1
9.8
12.2
11.4
22.8
15.5
20.1 14
9.8
13.2
11.4
8.8
4 5.8
14.3
12.7
10.7
14.3
18
16.3
17.6
11.8
9.3 15
16.1
7.8
10.2
3.7
14.6
5
7.6
18.9
11.5 5.3
15.4 3
14.4
15.5
21.2
13.8 14.3
17.1
17.8
15.9 12.7
13.5
10 12.9
7.7
7.6
9.9
3.9
3
3.3 2.7 5.5
2.3
3.2
3.3
2.9 3
3.4
3.1
2.5 3.6
3.4
1.3
15.6
18.2 16.8
12.8
17
17.8
13.1
11.4
15 7.6
7.6 3.3 1.9 15 10 13.2
3.2
4.9
2
3
1.2
3.4 1.5
10.4 16.4 11 12 8.6 9.6 15.1 13.7 11.3
10.7 13.6
5.9 9
8
17.4
28.6
11.9 13.7
14.210.1 15.7
15.9 11.7
15.8
9.3 14.9
9.5 10.4 10.3
15.7
10.3
6.7 7.1
2.6
2.6
7.6
7.6
2.7 2.6
4.9
3.8
3.8
9.7
13.4
14.1
11.4
14.9
15 14.5
15.9
10.4
7.1 14.8
23
10.3
27.3
15.7
1.7
9.1
1.2
8.8 13.9
23.2
24.2 12.3 16
18.3
12.7
6.8 21.3 19 11
6.2
14.9
14.2 11.1
15.1
16.2
12.4
14.7
18.9
26.2 23.3 24.8
16.4
4
6.1 4.7
2.9
2.4
1.1
10.2
11.2 8.4
8.9
6.7 8.9
6
0.5
17.5
22.7
24
30.3
25.5 15.2
19.6 16.1
17.7
15.6 13.1
8.8
11.9 15.3
15.4 13.4
12.1
26.1 26.1 24
15.7
17.1
2.1
13
7.5
2.4
7.2
11 7.3
16.2
15.6
7.5
15.5
7.6 34.2
Moorish Castle complex
9.4
6.5
12.9
7.6 9.9
10 7.7
36
0.5
1.5 1.9
4.8 4.9
13.5
25
17.3 11.7
16.7
18.4
16.3
19.4 15.6
11.6
11.7
17.1
12.4 13.616 14.8
15.4
20.3
16.6 14.2
16.8
10.1
20.8
17.9 14.7
7.7
7.6 3.3
22.1 34.2
31.4
20.7
17.9
15.2
7
12.9
7.5 19 24.3 27.6 24.3
34.2 6.5
11
16.7
19.1
9
10.4
6.2 7.1 12.5
8.2
14 17.5
12.5 14.6
15.1
4.7 2.3 7.5
15.7
14.1 14.5
16.4 14.6
17.1 16 14.7 17.7 13.5 16.8 13.8
2.3
7.7 15.6
9.9
6.7
17.7
14.6 13.9
13 3.6
16 7.7
7.8 10.1 7.8
0
3
16.9
18.8
17.1 10.6
15.3
7.8
22
9.4
12.6 11.1
15.6
16.8
12.5 16.9
0.1
11.4
15.5 10.5
5
21.9
15.8
14.9
1
2 19.8 2.7 5.8
2.8 43
34.3
9.2 6.6
0.8
11.7
7.6
14.7
35.6
21.8
21.8 34.3
34.3
13.8
12.5 12.6
0.7 0.8
10.8 3 15.5
16
24.4
36.1
31.5
21
6.6
18.7
1
3 7.3
7.5 10.1 7.4
19.2 2.5
6.7
0
20.3
16.6
11.8 12.5 14.9
13.2
15.2 12.8
15.8 12
13.3 14.1
11.2
10.5 8.2
3.7
9.5 7.4
15.2 2.4
24.9
6.4
0.1
3.2
7.2
9.5 10.4
7.8
5.7 5.8
3.5 3.3 0.9
32.5
21.4 15.6
12.3
13.3 14.3
19.9
12.9
11.3
3.8
9.2
8.8
26.3
21.5
24.3 20.9 22.9
13.7
16.2
13.9
16.2 13.7 18.5 23.5
16.5
16.2 13.5
10.5 13.8
25.1 23.4
15.2
3.9
1
3.4
7.5 7.3
39.5
41.3
31.8
20.6
7.3
2.6
7.6
15.6
2.3 41.5
44.4
58.4
32 25.2
21.5 6.4
14.7
11.9 14.4
12.6
8.3
24.8 22
16
8.8
7.7 44.5 36.5
60.3
32.3 36.8
2.8
24.9
20.4
2.6 3.2
2.5
0.1
3.7 3.2
8.2
3.9 8.2
9.7
13.6
22.6 16.7 14.2 13.7
17.7
15
12.6 11.4
8.1
7.8 8.8 14.3
21.4
8.5
2.4
15.2 56.5
18.5 31.8
24.8
3.5 3.7 5.1
12.1 7.4
8.9
18.2
26
15.6
0.2
11.5
15
11.9
10.8 12.1 9.8
14.4
15.2
17.3 16.8
2.8
4.9
8.4
2.7
39.5
49
29.7
27.4 19
36.8 3.3
11.3
14.6
8.1
14.9
6.2
13
9.2 8
12.1
13 0.4
5.7
2.3 2.3
9.8 9.2
12.1
9.1 10.6
5
3.2
2.7
2.5
35.8 41.2
5.1
8.5 12
8.1
7.6
31.5 4
4.6
8.2
7.8
3.1
1.6 8.1
4.3 3.1
5.5
6.1
15.1
11.1 12.7
16.2
17.3
19.5
18.4
19.1
3.3 2.9
7.9
2.5
5.3
2.3
7.9 2.9
3.4
0 2.6
0
10.3 15.9
19.2
14.4 13.9
13.9
11.7
12.516.6
12.4
14.1
11.8
15.2
8.2 11
12.9 0.7
3.8
7
2.9
1.8
3
4.4
5.4
6
6.4
11.8 14.8
14.4
9.6
9.2
14.1
10.7 39.5
6.3
7.2 7.5 10.4 5.3
3.9 2.7
2.4
4.5
6.1
3.4 10.9
2.3 2.4
14.5 14.4
11.9 11.3
17.7
30.8 10.1
9.2
10.3
14.9
7.3 27.2
39.5
2
11.1
14.1
10.9
41.7
1.9 5.8
34.6
26
9.1 12.8 8.7 15.3 12.3
33.2
31.5 21.4 4.3
3.3
31.1
29
3.2
13.6
8.6
29.6
30.9
10.3
3.7
2.8 2.7
4.1
4.9
5.6 5.4
2.8
3.3
1.4
1.9
30
3.7
6.2
3.2
3.1
15.7
8.4 10.3
6.5
4.9
28.3
4.3
26.1
3.1 31.4
3.5
2.5
2.4 3.6 2.5
2.4
37.8
38.5
32.8
10.7 13.3 12.8
32.8
37.3 2.5
5.9
1.1
2.8 1
2
1.5
7
4.6 4.6
1.8 4.1 3.7 3.7 7.7
5.2
9.4 11.3
6.5 15.5
33
2.5
31.3
2.5
2.4
3.5 2.6
16.5
1.7
1.7 1.7
1.6
2.9
6.8
-0.1 0.5
0.6
3.9 22.7
4.2
4
37.7
38.7
2.3
6.4 3
3.4
2
5.8
0 3.6
6.1
3.4
2.3
2.8 5.3
3.4
3.6
1.1 1.8
2.3
3
10.3
1 5.3
4.2 13.5
0
31 33.6
10.4
12
7
9.8
6.7
6.9
3.9 2.5
2.3
4.1 5.1
0 2
1.1
7
2
5.3 2.3
6.2
3.4 0.9
6.6 2.5 1.2
31
5.3
16.6
9.4 0 5.7
27.7 38.8 30.8
2.6
30.9
9.9
4
3 3.8
2.3 5.3
4.8 3.1 3.7
3 15.8
8.3
4.4
3.4
5.3
3.2
3.1
3.7
8.2
4.2
6.4 4.3
0.9 6.6
13
7.3
4
7.5
4.2
3.1
2.2 2.2
2.9 2.9
2.6
2.4
1.5
2.6
1.7 3
4.3 1.4
2.1 2 2.6
2
1.7 2
4.3
4.7
0.1 0.4
2.7
2.9
2.7 2.5
0.1
4
8.3
6.6
2.7
10.2
1.5
1.1 1.4
2.8
5.1
7.6 4.3
3.7
3.1
3.8
2.1 2.4 3
2.5
3 4.1
0.3
1.6
3
3.3 3.8
8.3 8.1
16.1 13.1 3.5
5.3
7.4 7.1
15.6
2.2
15.2
4 0.1 0.5 1.4
5.3
2.2
3.5
3.8
4.8
4.7
3.8 26.3
2.3 2.6
4.9
10
7.4 2.8
3.9
8.9
8
30.6
2.4
22.8 25.3
8.3
2.3
40.5
26.2 30.1
5.1
26.5 27.8
3.9
24.9
0.2
5.3
7.2 7
3.4
4.7
6.2
4.4
10.3 7.9
7.6
11.6 10.5
13.1
2.7
4.3
2.9
0.9
1.1
6.3
7.6
9.2
4.2 6.9
10
3.2
1.4
16.9 2.2 4.7
1.7
2.2
2.1 4.4 3.2
11.7
2.4 4.4
3.5
5.7
1.4 2.5
4.3
30.5
25.6
5.2
6.1 3.3
4.7 2.7
3.6
13.7
7.8 4.1
5.7
4.4
0.1
3.1
3.2
4.8
1.8
2.5
0.2
26.5
25.6 30.2
2.4
5.3 7.4
2.1 1.9 2.5
15
2.3 3 1 2.3
14.9
2.4
0.1
10
0 9.8
2.5
1.9 1.7
5.1
3.9
29.6 26
4.8 2.3
4.1
4.2
26.2
28.3
2.4
3.8
6.8
11.9
2.8
1.9 1.9
2.4 1.7
0.1
7.9
3.9
2.7
2.2
2.6
3.3 0.5
3.4
5.8
3.8 3
5.3 5.6
5.2
1.4
1.6
4.2
7.1
6.1
10.4
3.1
3.2 6.3
31
8.6 7.5 6.3
2.5 3.1
2
3.3 4.4
1
2.7
3.9
3 2.6
2
10
8
3.2 0.6 0.6
2.9
3 3
11.7
3.6
4.2
7
3.1
2.5
2.8
1.6
2.5
2.3 3.6
4
5.5
4.4
3.5 5.9
6.6 9.7
2.7
0.5
2.6
11 11.8
6.2
7.6
10.9
13.2 8.5
1.2
140
6.1
2.1
2.1
24 22.5 22
3.6 0.1
8
6.1
5.6
6.4 3.4
3.6 6.1
6.4
18.5
16.9 1.9
0.2
2.8
6.8
6.9
7
3
3.5
3.3 3.2
8.7
5.3
5.5
8.2
13.3 8.6
1.8
1.8
3.2
4.4
15.3
18.5
4.6
2.4
5.8
2.4
2.3
7.4
5.2
5.2
5.1
6.3
3.1 3.3
7.7 3 8
2.7
11.3
3.7
0.5
1.6 0.2
3.5
27
3.4
29.4 25.9
17.2
1 1.1
5.9 3.2
7.8
6.5
1.1 30
28.9
30.4
6.3
1.4 1.5
50
2.2
3.1
3.7 2.8 2.6 16
15.9
4.6
4.4
5.1
2.3
2.2 18
14.2 13.2
1.8
15.6
1.7
1
3.7
2.8
4.3 2.3 2.7
2.2
3.9
8.7
6.1
7.4 6.2
5.6
4.4
2.6
2.8
4 3.5
16.1
16.6 17.5
2.1
2 2.2 1.7 2.6 2.8
2.2 2.8 6.9
6.3
8.8 4.2
6.2
23 23.123.1
4.6
4.2
27.7 32.1
13.9
5.2
4.5 2.8
2.9
4.5
4
13.9 11.8 13.5 12
5.6 9.6 6.2
2.3
3.9
6.8 6
5.8
6.8
7.4
30.9
1.1
4.6
2.3
18.5 9.6 3.2
16.7 12.9
2.7
2.3
2.9
1.4 6.4 6.7
6 6 5.7
30.8
21.2 26.2 30.1
1.6
1.8
3
17.4
14.2 11.2
3.2 3.2
2.5
30.9 28.2
3.6 29.4 25.2
4.2
29.7 25.5
3.4
13.9 12
9.5
11 3.2 2.2
29.4 29.7
28.1
3.1
3.2
14 2.5
36.6
34.7
4.4
2.9
31
25.9 3.6 2.1
18.7 12.4
32
32.1
13.9
17.4 14
13.9 14
18.3 16.6 32
32
36.5
34.8
13.7
13.5
34.1 32
34.7
26.8
3.3
14 18.3
17.6 32.1
32.1
33.8 32
36.6
2.8
2.8
12.1
2.3
17.4
18.4 36.7 31.9
31.8
31.9 34
2.7
2.5
2.6 2.7 3.5 2.8
2
15.4
3.3
20.5
3.3
2.7 3.6
3.8 2.5
1.9
3.9
8.7
7.4 6.1
13.7
12.8
7.3
5.4
2.1
1.9 15.6
2.8
12.8
14.6
2.7
14.4
14.4
2.7
26.7
3.4
3.2
13.9 13.8
3
12.5 12.3 13.9
36.6 26.2
32
7.5
3.2
9.2 11.1 3.1
13.9
17.4
12.2
17.2
18.4 2.2 13.9
11.3
13.8
18.8 16.8
4.8
28.4
31.1
12.8 30.9
2.5
1.8 2.6
3.4
1.7
1.7
2
2.4 1.9
1.2 1.2
2.4 2.1 1.6
1.6 3.2 8.2 9.2
3.1
1
2.3
6.2
5.3 3.7
2.5
8.9
8.7
9 8.8
7.8 7.7 12
10.3
3.5
2.3 4.7
9.7
0.9
1
3.7 3.7 4
3.6
2.2
5.6
8
12.1
3.6
7.3 8 7.9
12 9.1
2.9
2.9
15.9 15.5 12.8
1.9
0.7
16.1
16.1 9.9
3.6
15.3
3.5
2.3 2.9
5.7 1.9
5.4 16.7
3.1
4.8
4.6
6.8 10.1 9.8
2
2
2.5
18.6 8
9.2
26.2
2
3.2 3.2
3
6.2 11.7
26
6.4
2.4
3.2
2.7 3.9 18.3
18
4.9
4.6
2.1 0.7
3.3
1.3
0.7 1.6
0.6 0.5
4.3
15.2
19.818.4
3.3
0
0.7 0.1
6.3 5.6
0.6
1.5 2.7
5.2
16.7
14
13.9
18.5
12.1 2.3 2.5
13.6 26.3
26.3
4.8
28.4
26.3
93.95 2.4
14.7
2.3
2.3
4.4
5.5
11.7
8.8
1.6
0.7
2.8
6.9
0.2
21 3.5
2.8 14.4 17.9
4.7
2.3
26.3 31
2.8
3.1
4.4
18.2
3.9
18.5
0
1.1 0.6
1.7 1.3 1.8 1 2
12.3 4.7
4.7
3.3 1
7.4
21
2.8
7.2
8.3
9.1
5.3
24.6
0
12.9 8
9.7
3.7
11.2
8.2 2.6
4 7.8
2.8
6
5.4 12.7
3.8
16
17.9
2.8
2.3
7.5
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2
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10
S IT E
MOORISH CASTLE
V I EW
APPLICATIONS The structure is : creating a climatic and social interface feeding from climate / performing / maintaining and creating culture
A proposition based on :
heat light water time sharing space
SUN
Performing :
sun generating perforations - space revealed through light displaying rythm of day performing through ´living materia´ creating a hot to cool path - as in hamam baths acting as occupant - offering space for crossovers (interests) - bathers, citizens, touists, interns / visitors to interns
H I ST O RY O F O C C U PA N C E
Moorish Castle - a history of Occupance Controlled by ? : Today British: 1713- present Habsburgs: 1704-1713 Castilians: 1462-1704 Moors: 1333-1462 Castilians: 1309-1333 Moors: 711-1309
Strategies in threat.
From the Moorish Castle seafare enemies were observed.
Strategies in threat
W A T E R - A STORY POTABLE WATER SYSTEM SUPPLY NORTH / NORTH -EAST DISTRICT
The loss of ground water in Gibraltar created a delicate system of water catchment. Selfsufficiency has lasted until today.
SERVICE RESERVOIRS
STORAGE
Water is pumped from desalination plants and wells to blend at the storage reservoirs (treatment: chlorination and sedimentation) Pumps distribute water to the service reservoirs.
SEA WATER SYSTEM Moorish castle water reservoirs
Water from wells at the Isthmus linking Gibraltar to Spain was pumped to public reservoirs at Moorish castle. This water was quickly brackish and used for sanitary purposes. Rainwater was used for dietetic purposes. A system of dual water supplies was developed: two supply and distributionsystems, one for potable water and one for seawater.
R O C K ST O N E L I G HT H E I G HT V E G ETAT I O N H O R I Z O N S
R O C K ST O N E L I G HT H E I G HT V E G ETAT I O N H O R I Z O N S H EAT
TOWER BATHS AND SUNWAX HEAT SCREENS
R O C K ST O N E DA R K N E S S C O L D N E S S H E I G HT D E PT H PAT H S
P R EV I O U S BAT H ST O R I E S AT T H E CA ST L E
Moorish Bath - Gibraltar City
Moorish castle - Kings hot bath
Large bronze mirrors heated the water that was used in the Caldarium
The first door narrow and low to keep in the heat. Then the rooms for the furnace and hot water and the bagnio where the furnace was lightened with a cupola with holes to let the steam out. Floor canals expelled used water to the exterior and provided an outflow to a cistern.
T H E T OW E R BAT H S - A ST O RY O F WAT E R
Tower Bath - content
WAT E R . . baths, showers, sprinklers, pools, ponds, watershafts, pumps, water pipes, rainwater catchment, seawater reservoirs, water paths . .
Bathing Arab / Islam / West Europen traditions purification / regeneration / health / holistic treatment / social ritual / socializing / play / relaxing / sexual
TOWER BATH GIBRALTAR Thermal bath or a warm body of water. . A bath is restored at the tower. Lending properties from the different bath cultures that previously occupied it, as well as taking into account contemporary needs and desires around bathing, the new bath will have several varying and distinct spaces. From the hamam tradition the bath borrows social gathering spaces, ritual cleansing (cold-hot paths), steambaths (wet saunas), warm rooms for relaxing, hot rooms for body wash and massage and cooling rooms. Spaces are provided for the five steps of the hamam tradition: seasoning of body with heat, massage, peeling of skin, soaping and relaxing. From the roman baths (thermae) it borrows the habits of exercising (swimming lengths) and encouraging staying for several hours ( many varying areas), as well as the supply of fresh water (pipes from sea/ rainwater reservoirs). From the oriental southwestern tradition it borrows the heating of the caldarium (hot pools) with solar energy.
P R O G R AM - M U L T I F U N C T I O N thermal bath + tourist attraction + visiting center for relatives to interns
contemporary thermal bath
´turkish baths´ (ritualised path through temperatures) indoor hot and cold baths outdoor pool
tourist attraction / heritage
visiting center for relatives to interns at castle complex prison
the castle as found - access
playing area (kids)
terrace with view
places to meet
reception / information
security access, passages, issues access to bath
terrace
reception
massage area changing rooms, showers reception
leading CONCEPTS
SUN
SWIMMING
SUN CLIMATE
CE RFA
E INT
S
BATHER INTERN
IN TE
RF AC E
VISITOR
´water tower´ - benefitting from the water catchment system ´water construction´- supplying water pipes and constructional components work together
SWIMMING
VIEW
FACE
INTER
TOURIST
time-based interface climatical - common boundary between different phases caused by heat / sun social - common boundary between different users
+
H/C
WET T/B
P
WET T/B WET 1
E/G
WET T/B
U
WET T/B
DRY TOURIST
paths thermal bath - waterpaths tourist path intern / visitor path
WET T/B
E PUBLIC
temporal/architectural change
adaptive heat driven cyclical perfomance of facades, letting in light and keeping/ letting out heat over the day
Q UA L IT I E S Experiential paths alining water paths. The waterpath consists of waterpipes providing the bath with seawater pumped from the sea to underground reservoirs and with collected rainwater from top reservoirs. Along the construction idea of alining waterpipes with construction members and allowing the construction to go lighter and lighter, the experience also changes from dark/heavy to light/weightless. Through the entire tower and its program the experience of light, space, material and temperature will change continuosly, focusing attention to the bodily/mind experience.
05 Under the tranquil solitude
Identified characteristics of Towerbath
reservoirs / rainwater
02 Garden Bath Body - intensifies the physical experience. Play of outdoor(Garden) and indoor(Garden) - pools. Earthbound and open system. Physical: massage areas, touch - material Scent : aromatic experience Sound: dripping water / birds / vegetation and wind Vision: light and shadow, growing green
05
05
04
03
´State of mind - Darkness and non-material Play of corners / labyrinth - ´ for the brave ´- seek and hide State of mind.
02
Physical - Temperature affecting Body Ritual - Path Quiet except for water sounds Materia / hot and cold Outdoor (heat) / indoor
02 Introvert
01
01 03 Play Bath / Visiting center
Experiencing rigidity of tower - corners, material, heavy weight
Play Waterpaths - Participatory Material : playful, safety integrated
Interior / Exterior - no difference Introvert
Extrovert/ Introvert 04 Turkish bath / cold to hot baths
04
Extrovert
01 Deep dark waters
Swimming on the edge / under the sky Light filtering through wax and water Physical - Body´s movements in water State of mind - sky Light filtering through Reservoir / Pools / to hot and cold baths Terraces for rest/ meeting
reservoirs / saltwater
Extrovert / safety
PAT H S # 01. thermal bath / waterpaths : The imprint of water architecturally
´ Intensification of senses ´-path
# the bathers path : microclimats / intensification of senses
Vertical path from Deep Dark Waters to a Tranquil Solitude under the sky, free from powers of gravity.
COLD
TEMPERED
a Tranquil Solitude under Sky ‘where all our thoughts are clear’
HOT WARM TEMPERED
# path of water : structural, mechanical Deep Dark Waters ´the dark entity that partakes of subterranean forces’
´water tower´ benefitting from the water catchment system water construction
‘the irrationality of depths’
rainwater-reservoirs
pipes / ´construction-pipes
pumps
seawater reservoirs
seawater
Dissolving rigidity of tower - plan. Darkness to lightness, heavyness to weightless.
Deep Dark waters
Garden Bath
Play Bath
Turkish Path
Dissolving rigidity of tower heavyness to lightness.
WAT E R T OW E R / C O N ST R U CT I O N The Water Tower is benefitting from a water catchment system of rainwater/seawater reservoirs and supplying pipes. In parallell to the Gibraltar community water supply (filtered saltwater and rainwater collection systems due lack of groundwater) the Tower bath is supplied with seawater for pools, and rainwater for all other water needs like showers, flushing and other daily water need. The construction holding the bath is growing from the depths under the tower - where the seawater reservoirs are - then bringing the water up through the tower feeding it (water, vapour, steam). The forces of pumping the water up decrease to the same extent as the need for constructionweight and dimension diminishes at the top. The Tower is constructed with reinforced waterpipes as constructional system for the attached bath, thereby fusing water supply for pools with construction members (acting as beams and columns and for hanging pools).
Turkish Path
In adherence to the heavy-to-light idea, the construction elements fork and branch off to thinner dimensions the higher you get in the structure.
Play Bath
The rigidity of the Tower space and its four walls is more and more disintegrated the higher you get. The interface between inside and outside gets transparent and totally disappears at top level where you swim on the outside of the Tower walls, which are holding the reservoirs within. This construction principle resonates with the program, where pools initially are immersed in the ground (Deep Dark waters and Garden Baths), but are later ´hung´ in the consruction higher up (Play Bath and Turkish Path, as well as the Tranquil Soliude swimming under the sky).
Garden Bath Water - / constructural pipes acting as columns and hanging construction components.
Deep Dark waters
Inspiration: boat-construction
Water - / structural pipes acting as beams
F L O WI N G S T R U C T U R E - F L O W I N G S P A C E reservoirs and outside swimbath - a tranquil Solitude under the Sky
The tower constantly works on the dimension inside to outside and cold to hot. At the Turkish hamam bath, the interface is finally transparent - inside the bath is as much outside the tower. At the top level, the Tranquil Solitude under Sky, you swim in pools totally on the outside of the Tower walls, while the reservoirs are hanging on the inside.
reinforced pipes / construction (pipes working as beams) The system of suppling pipes for poolwater and for showers meanwhile act as construction system. Pipes are both watersuppliers and beams/columns.
At the higher levels, inside and outside merge. The interface is more transparent. Pools, showers and relaxing areas exist both on the inside and outside.
outside waterpaths
reinforced pipes / construction (pipes working as beams)
Pipes are continuously connected throughout the structure allowing spaces, pools and watersupply to interact seamlessly when wished for.
playbath - spatial properties due pipe construction
pipes construction / hanging pools
# 02. tourist path accessible side
Despite acting as an occupant, the bath still allows the tourists to access the tower with its view and as endpoint of the promenade along the ancient wall climbing up the rock. Thereby, the Tower isn´t put it in a museum glass cabinet, but the contemporal use allows it to keep living along history, creating a new. Earlier controlled by moors, castilians, moors again, castilians, habsburgs, british and now tourists, it will further on allow access for several groups encouraging social interference. Tourists, local bathers, interns and intern visitors share space to a varying degree.
entering - ascending - experiencing - stepping out - experiencing - descending
# 03. intern - visitor path
secure side
A
S
prison
A S S S A
A
accessible space
A
A
S secure space
prison-side / secure secure space
accessible space
I NT E RA CT I N G D E S I G N D R IV E R S
sun path
social interference
SUN Turkish Bath
Three paths - Intersection
safe / accessible variable S
A Play Bath
intimate / public variable I
P
WET INTERN PATH time restictions
SUN CLIMATE
WET TOURIST / BATHER PATH time restrctions
SCENARIOS - PLAYERS INT ACE ERF
DRY INTERN PATH /ACCESS INTERN / VISITOR - BATHER
BATHER INTERN
FACE
INTER
TE R IN
BATHER - TOURIST TOURIST - VISITOR / INTERN
FA CE
VISITOR
(intern -bather visitor-bather)
DRY TOURIST PATH SWIMMING
(tourist - visitor tourist - intern)
SWIMMING
VIEW
Garden Bath
S
TOURIST
H/C
WET T/B
P
WET T/B WET 1
E/G
WET T/B
DRY TOURIST
A time-affected interface Climatical - common boundary between different phases Social - common boundary between different users
heat from transmitted (exterior) solar radiation/(interior) steam, makes light progress through space over time people will use / share spaces in various ways over time (separated/shared spaces)
WET T/B
E PUBLIC
Deep Dark waters
U
WET T/B
C L I MAT E D R IV E N A R C H I T E CT U RA L P R O P O S IT I O N inside to outside relation.
# 01. Temperature driven plan design - concept
Deep dark waters
Microclimates are created by # 01. geographically oriented spaces and program, # 02. a shield of a material - wax - that is responding to solar radiation and heat.
cold cold
Garden Baths
hot
cold
The design is taking advantage of the suns movement around the building using heat and light-variances during day. and night.
medium hot
tower walls
Play Baths
cold SUN
tower walls
medium medium
hot MEDIUM
Turkish Baths - ritual path
interior and exterior
medium
cold
medium
HOT
exterior
hot COLD interior
Temperature range HOT - MEDIUM - COLD connecting inside/outside spaces to existing tower walls
cold
outside
within
interstitial HOT
COLD
Under the Tranquil Solitude / swimming
cold hot hot
hot
# 02. Climate-driven architectural proposition P HA S E - C HA N G E MAT E R IA L S SUN The time-based building design is reacting to variencies in light and heat. Space is revealed by light through exterior and interior wax-screens, using the thermal mass and performing changing transparencies and variances of amount of light and heat. A low-range scale of differing temperatures creates a variety of spatial experiences. Component based wax screens are attached to the construction/pipe system. There´s a lightness expressed through the material. Transparencies, holes, light coming through and the contrast to the heaviness of brick and mortar.
The screens are connected to the water system/pipes which can tune the heat performance if there is no sun. Hot water, vapour and steam then act upon the wax components. At the north-east face, where already the hamam´s cold baths are placed, there are also double screens of wax incorporated into the design of spaces to allow greater temperature variance. Since the heat is not wished for here, evening sun is mainly experienced at top level under the sky.
system of rainwater reservoirs, pipes/construction to screen
S U N M O V E M E N T - relation inside to outside
december 21
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october 21
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The wax-shield - a material dominant structure Responsive phase-change materials
Through a series of experiments on casting, liquid casting and heating, a material was sought that would be able to respond to temperature changes on a low-range scale (+- 6 degrees in Gibraltar over 24 hours).
Light-weight structures lack thermal storage mass. A phase change materials can counteract.
Using phase-change of a material is to use storage and release of energy. When solid goes liquid, energy is stored and released again.
Large amounts of heat can be stored within small ranges of temperatures and small space. Here paraffin is encapsulated within small containers, which will be the interface between inside and outside.
It was important to find a material able to reverse the change-chain and return from solid-liquid to solid again etc. in order to respond and perform self-depedently over time and subtle changes in weather. A flowing materiality would fit the story and program of the Tower Baths. Wax is a material that responds to subtle variations in temperature. By heating, the wax melts and turns transparent. When solidifying by lowered temperature, it turns opaque again. absorbed heat
solid
released heat
absorbed heat
liquide
released heat
liquide
solid
temperature
System dominant structure
The content of the containers melt or crystallize when phases change. Flammability risks are cared for by water sprinkling.
Material dominant structure
In this material dominant structure, the experience is not focused on the structure itself, but on the atmosphere created by the material. Our experience of it is thereby more closely related to our senses. This is achieved through the slight dimensions of the containers and the structure of components, and the dominance of material impression.
A paraffin product is used having melting point between 24-26 degrees. (The performance can eventually be tuned by the water pipes engaged in the structure, and can add to the phase-change by supplying hot water and steam from the inside.)
Using wax as material in the component-based ´skin´, the sun acts upon it revealing space by light, as well as contributing to a time-based cyclical performance - an active architecture of flow.
The material is translucent and allows diffuse light to enter the room even when in its opaque state. .
Considering the site, the placement of the Tower with sun moving around it with no shadowing curbs, the skin of the building is totally exposed to solar radiation and temperature changes due the path of the sun. By the component-based system of wax containers, and their placement at diverse geographical directions of the tower, varying and constructed fluid microclimates are created.
time wax ´container´ sandwich construction
temperature
wax ´container’ component (container and frame which allows rotation of container)
The thermal expansion of the wax, the melting that creates transparent holes that later solidify again, will make the facades animated, playful and light-weighted. Time and changing seasons are part of the design. Wax ´container’ component - container and frame which allows automatic mechanical rotation of container when the wax has melted/solidified.
sensible heat storage
heated wax in component latent heat storage
phase-change temperature latent heat of phase-change
quantity of stored heat
When the phase-change temperature is reached, the temperature stops increasing in the latent storage until the phase change is complete. Then the temperature starts to rise again. Material compass = phase-change material 2 cm
Heat storage Temperature increase: 10 degrees
or concrete 24 cm
light-weight construction 226 cm
wax screens responding to heat
Wax screen system with components..
L I G HT
WA X C O M P O N E NT
Wax component - experiments on heat and temperature range - wax - time - filtering light Effects captured by film at https://youtu.be/fl3V00sYj10
E X P E R I M E NT S -WA X A N D H EAT - E F F E CT
light revealing space light revealing
space
film at https://youtu.be/Affylr34UQ0