Cultivate by Annelie Koller

A MATERIAL EVOLUTION

By Annelie Koller A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF FINE ARTS Parsons School of Design May 2015

CONTENTS CULTIVATE THE MANIFESTO THE CAUSE THE WAY THE STORE THE COLLABORATION

6 8 9 12 14

CULTIVATE MATERIALS MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY

STAGES OF CULTIVATION ORIGINS SURFACE DIMENSIONS STIMULUS

24 26 28 30

THE CULTIVATE MATERIALS GEL MATRIX MINERALIA VERTEBRATA

33 39 45 49

THE CULTIVATE PRODUCTS CULTIVATE ORIGINS CULTIVATE SURFACES CULTIVATE DIMENSIONS CULTIVATE STIMULUS

63 39 81 49

THE CULTIVATED FUTURE

THANK YOU

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CULTIVATE REALITY

“THE BOUNDARIES OF LIFE AND MATTER BLURRED, BRINGING INSIDE AND OUTSIDE TOGETHER IN THE SQUIRMING MOIST MIDDLE. THIS IS WHERE MATTER HAS AGENCY AND MAN BECOMES MATERIAL.”

THE CULTIVATE MANIFESTO

DESIGN KILLS, THEREFORE DESIGN MUST LIVE.

1. WE CULTIVATE. 2. WE COLLABORATE. 3. WE DON’T IMITATE. 4. WE DON’T ORIGINATE. 5. MATTER HAS AGENCY. 6. MAN IS MATERIAL. 7. WE DO NOT LIVE BEYOND OUR MEANS. 8. WE WANT OUR MEANS TO LIVE BEYOND US. 9. WE BELIEVE MORE OR LESS. 10. WE BELIEVE A BIOCENTRIC SYSTEM WILL DEFINE THE EQUILIBRIUM. 11. WE DON’T HAVE AN ENDING. 12. WE ONLY HAVE NEW BEGINNINGS.

CULTIVATE IS MORE THAN JUST A LIFESTYLE, IT IS A LIFE CYCLE

THE CULTIVATE CAUSE Human history is premised on the discovery and development of new materials and material technology. Copper and bronze gave us our first tools, and as more materials were discovered and developed we created extensions of ourselves and our environments to make us stronger and more powerful. We are finally reaching a period of time where technology is so advanced that we can program intelligence artificially and create synthetic biology. This means that matter can be perceived as alive, and life as matter. Ergo, man Is material.

We do not often consider that the materials that we use were once living, and if not living, then part of a living system. By taking a life out of a system, we are not only stopping it, but sending shockwaves of irreparable tears across all the cycles that this entity was part of, including our own. Our lack of lifecycle empathy has resulted in a near depletion of our natural resources. The byproducts that we have created through this lifestyle will never be able to refill the matter-ial void. Not by being buried, burnt or recycled. (Endy, 2014)

We have to consider that all forms of living and non-living entities, including man, stem from the same basic elements. These elements differentiate through patterns and reactions to form groups that display collective behavior in a complex system. Some of us differentiated into humans and other bits of matter into other states of existence, but all play a vital role in the greater systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s goal to reach equilibrium, and all essentially from the same in origin.

At Cultivate, we believe in developing solutions that are based on the mechanisms of life. We employ the amazing creative force of nature: the ability to repair, self-assemble, self-organise and selfreplicate and in return we aspire to a more harmonious system. We believe that matter is part of a larger lifecycle but also has a life of its own. We believe man is no more than a material part of this system and we thus need to move from an anthropocentric to a biocentric way of design.

The process is called emergence and we see similar behaviors and interactions between material groups across all scales of existence. In essence, the smaller parts of the system, and their lower-level rules, create complex larger systems that result in entities greater than the sum of their parts. As humans, we have not been respecting this simple rule of nature, and through our negligent harvesting and the conceit of our anthropocentric ways, we have disturbed the equilibrium of many such systems, including our own. (Johnson, 2010)

We stay informed on the origin and the lifecycle of our products and take responsibility for the impact our products have on their environments. We are also pioneering research on the life after a productâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s functional life. We do not create products that have a shelf life; death or decay are merely one of the means through which our products can be transformed as a new product lifecycle. (Endy, 2014)

WHY CULTIVATE When you Cultivate you move away from inert materials that are detached and immobilised from life to an environment filled with renewal and impetus. You become part of the material that forms your environment. And your material surroundings contain the intelligence to create a place where all participants grow and cycle prolifically together. At Cultivate, we show you that we no longer need to harvest, waste or kill to create the perfect environment or to feed a family. We encourage you to break down those walls that keep biology out and see the benefits of cohabitating with it. At Cultivate, we show you how to culture your own materials, grow your own products and how to create a living system called home. .

“WHEN YOU CULTIVATE, YOU COLLABORATE WITH NATURE.” 10

“LIVE WITH YOUR HOME, NOT IN IT”

THE CULTIVATE STORE The Cultivate wetware store is a first-of-a-kind, living-homeware store. We grow bespoke, wetware products and design programs to suit your living-homeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lifecycle or interior design needs. We have a variety of products to suit all living-home enthusiasts. Whether you are more of a GIY (Grow It Yourself) person who chooses to grow a product from scratch, or someone new to the system who would prefer a ready-made, cultivated product; we have a wide selection of living, semi-living and thermodynamic options.

materials, to bring them to you alive and healthy so they can grow into their cultivated form. We source our starter cultures from heritage cells and seeds and no vertebrata, vegetables or minerals are harmed in the process. The donor continues to live freely in their natural habitat, whether in the ocean or the countryside. Our cultures are never propagated beyond three generations and we do not believe in genetic modification. We also offer services to help you convert your existing passive house into a living system.

We have the latest state of the art cultivation ateliers where we nurture and care for our

“DESIGNED BY NATURE, CULTIVATED BY YOU.”

THE CULTIVATE COLLABORATION “WE USE MATERIALS THAT COME WITH THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF LIFE, TO CREATE PRODUCTS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE.” To Cultivate is to use natural processes to create artificial environments. Architecture is in essence the design of artificial environments, but the word ‘artificial’ in a design environment has always been problematic. Artificial was always considered the opposite of natural; synthetic, man-made, inorganic. But this idea that our human touch is transforming objects we craft by using nature’s materials library is a cultural construct. We perceived ourselves as separate from nature. However, the fact that our actions have had an impact on climate change is proof that we have never been separated from nature. (Endy, 2014)

of an architectural, or man-made, system is that it needs to be autonomous in its response to the environment, it needs to growth and learn as it adapts and it needs a certain amount of intelligence or data that can be shared so that the parts of the system can behave as a whole. These behaviors take form, complexity and function through morphogenesis, which is guided in part by the DNA (or the coding) of the life-form and in part by the environment that it finds itself in. In design this would mean that we can plan some of it, but we also have to consider the environment into which we place the design and how it will affect the outcome.

The binaries of life are blurring and we have to start considering how we perceive our relationship with nature, and in essence with life. If we realize that our environments are not manmade, but rather collaboratively engineered with nature, then “artificial” design can become the evolutionary next step.

We strongly believe that if we can grow and culture new materials in “artificial” environments, we no longer need to harvest them from the nature. Furthermore by collaborating with nature, we have an infinite resources to discover new design technologies and methodologies from the world’s most successful “built” environment, nature.

We are not suggesting that we should imitate nature, but rather artificially simulate the dimensions of life that make natural systems so successful. The processes of self-assembly, selfreplication, self-organization, morphogenesis and emergence are all characteristics of a successful system. The key elements that constitute a successful natural system are the abilities of self-assembly, self-replication, selforganization, morphogenesis and emergence. What this means in terms of the functionality

For these reasons, Cultivate do not clients, nor staff. We do not own the matter we cultivate. We merely facilitate the fecund collaboration between matter and man. It is not man-made, only man-managed.

CULTIVATE MATERIALS

OUR MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY “QUO PLUS SUNT POTAE, PLUS SITIUNTUR AQUAE” THE MORE WATER IS DRUNK, THE MORE IS CRAVED. At Cultivate we believe biotechnology has given the world an evolutionary boost. The first technological tools were forged from natural structural materials such as bone, wood and shells. Homes were built from natural materials found in close proximity. When a community moved due to environmental or social upheaval, the remnants were cycled back into the earth, fertilising and encouraging new cycles. Technological development allowed us to create larger communities, in more environments, by extracting more materials and moving them farther afield than ever before. Soon synthetic compounds started to be incorporated, and instead of the built environment being allowed to degrade back to the earth, the surrounding natural environment started to degrade. The problem with this “man-made” built environment is that not only are there masses of displaced and obsolete material, but the way in which they are used do not contribute to structural integrity, material efficiency or life cycle longevity.

A unique aspect of naturally grown biomaterials, as opposed to man-made materials, is how they adapt to their environment. Man-made materials generally only have one way to be and one purpose to fulfil, whereas natural materials will allow deformation, adaptation, responsivity or even wear or decay to accommodate the environment that they are in. They also not immediately constructed but develop over time. The field of tissue engineering pioneered the way for us to use these innate capacities and we have learnt to scale these processes and apply them to larger applications. At Cultivate, we use this technology to create a range of structural and tissue products that can be used to build and grow living environments, and the products that support and repair these systems. We have four materials offerings which you can grow separately but employ collaboratively to provide the best solution for your design needs. We have two primary tissue (skin) materials: Gel and Vertebrata and two structural (scaffold) materials: Matrix and Mineralia . All four of these material types come in the full range of Origins, Surface, Dimension and Stimulus.

Biotechnology on the other hand is allowing us to take our cues directly from successful structural and operational systems in nature and develop mechanical and complex architectures that can be modeled and grown to suit our requirements at all scales, from nano to macro. (Goodman, 2014)

The medical sector has been the foundation for most of our research to date. A sector that has concerned itself with the development of artificial tissue, modifying the human genome and is growing artificial forms of life that could bring the beat back to a heart, or a clap or even the footstep to a lost limb. The process of fabricating living structures through physical and biological sciences is called biofabrication. It is being successfully used in biomedical applications to grow scaffolds, skin constructions, and new tissue surfaces. It is engineered (which does not mean genetically modified) to take on the physical properties of the original matter that it stems from without any harm to the originator. At Cultivate, we are constantly researching how we can take this micro-scale technology and apply it to a macroscale industry such as architecture and design. This is not necessarily a leap when you consider that architecture has always been about the design of scaffolds for structure and skins to protect or contain. At Cultivate we use the bottom-up approach of naturally cultivating artificial products. We cultivate all our products from origin to organism, and make them available to you at every step along the way. To make the education and use of our products user-friendlier, we have created four product variations within the Cultivate organization. They each represent a different stage of organism development and can be used across the board in the development of any living or semi-living product or project.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;FUNDAMENTALLY, BIOLOGY IS A MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY. THE THINGS IT BUILDS ARE COPIES OF ITSELF.â&#x20AC;? (ENDY, 2014) 20

THE STAGES OF CULTIVATION

ORIGINS SURFACE DIMENSIONS STIMULUS

CULTIVATE ORIGINS The start of the journey of life. This is our Origins Collection. TThe origin of any life cycle is the most important The origin of any life cycle is the most important and sacred. All of an organismâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s code is imprinted within its miniscule origin. Whether contained in a seed or a cell, it is ready to be deployed when the conditions are right and blossom into a new existence. The Cultivate Origins Collection provides a wide range of heritage-strain culture propagators that contain the living information to start any life-cycle product.

in your materials needs.

The starter culture you choose can be grown and developed into a wide variety of materials, products and organisms depending on your design needs. We provide enough so that you can start multiple cultures, but we also hope that you may learn to multiply and grow your own strains so that you may become a self-sufficient

Types of starter cultures include Cells, DNA code, protein strains, filaments, seeds, eggs and activated minerals.

Most of our Origins Collection is for the more the experienced GIY* enthusiast. We also stock an Educational Starter Pack which comes with enough medium for six weeks and a guide on what to expect, optimum nutrition recommendations, habitat suggestions and an easy-to-use phone-app growth tracker.

24 13

CULTIVATE SURFACE Origins multiply into layers of possibility. This is our Surface Collection. Once the origin finds itself in fertile ground, it Once the origin finds itself in fertile ground, it desires to start expressing the instructional code it contains inside. Each origin has a different form and function it needs to attain. The first instruction it follows is to replicate itself. The Origin becomes a layer, or Surface, that has the potential to further assemble and organize itself into a new state of matter.

the wait and variance of starting from scratch.

Our Surface Collection is a series of layered tissue cultures formed by multiplying our Origin starter cultures. Whereas our Origin Culture can still be transcribed, our Surface cultures contain translated DNA code and are thus only useable in the genetic form that you purchase. They are, however, ready to be installed and grown without

The Surface has to be grown in place and shape for best results, and comes with an instructional brochure, in print and digital. We also have an installation and design service for ease of cultivation and installation.

The surfaces are grown in our ateliers on mineralrich growth banks where they can be ordered to any size that you may require. Our Surface products are best suited for protective coverings such as roofing or floor membranes, decorative applications such as textiles, but can also be used as moldable mass or light structural forms.

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CULTIVATE DIMENSIONS Surfaces fold and differentiate into new dimensions. This is our Dimensions Collection Surfaces make up the material palette of the biological world, but the real magic lies in how the materials further differentiate in form and then work together in function. This synergy creates multi-dimensional organs where the sum of the parts are greater than the whole. Cultivate Dimensions is a range of products created through the interaction of the various tissue cultures we stock. We currently only supply small-scale products, but are in the process of developing our offering to include larger architectural applications. The Dimensions Collection is ready made and requires minimal upkeep through either nourishment or light supply. The ranges features furniture, tools, appliances and building materials.

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CULTIVATE STIMULUS We need to perceive dimensions in order to respond to it. This is our Stimulus Collection. At Cultivate, we consider the â&#x20AC;&#x153;livingnessâ&#x20AC;? of an entity through the actions and reactions that it is capable of. Once we have cultivated a Dimensions product and it has taken its form, we need to make it responsive to the environment and to activate its function. This can either develop instinctually or we have developed a range of equipment and machinery to inject the product with the intelligence it needs to act or react accordingly.

The reactive processes we supply include transcription, translation, secretion, motility, impulse, memory, digestion and connectivity. These processes might be responsible for creating new nervous systems in the home for connectivity, reactive building components that respond to environmental changes or morphable structures to contain information or respond to life cycle requirements such as age, decay or other seasonal requirements

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THE CULTIVATE MATERIALS

GEL

MATRIX

VERTEBRATA

MINERALIA

GEL

GEL Our Gel materials are jelly-like substances that range from elastic and soft to brittle and stiff. Gels are mostly composed of liquid, but they behave like a solid due to a three-dimensional cross-linked network of molecule strings, or polymers within the liquid. The characteristics of this crossed-linked network determine the properties of the gel. Gels have the ability to reversibly and dramatically swell or shrink due to small changes in their environment. Factors include pH, temperature and even electrical fields. This means that gels can also be used n areas where selfassembly might be required, to expand into hard-to-reach places, create molds or can even act as biosensors. They can also shaped into virtually any bulk surfaces for the creation of form or to add mass to a structure. They create excellent membranes to coat scaffold structures and are available in a range of colors and opacities. Lastly, due to an ability to expand or shrink, they can be used in responsive architectural applications or function as actuators in smaller products. This plasticity of gels allows endless possibilities in the design world.

CULTIVATING GELS Algae are a vast, diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that share the ability to photosynthesize with plants, but do not share their morphology and are aquatic. Algae have been used for centuries for everything from food to fuel, and pigments to pollution control. But Cultivate’s relationship with algae is based on their ability to produce natural hydrocolloids or gels. In particular, the gels produced by macroalgae – or seaweed as they are more commonly known. Seaweeds can be classified into three broad groups based on pigmentation: brown, red and green (Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae and Chlorophyceae respectively). Brown seaweeds are usually large and range from the giant kelp to thick, leather-like seaweeds. Red seaweeds are usually smaller and can also be purple or even brown. Green seaweeds are also small, with a similar size range to the red seaweeds. The use of seaweed as food has been traced back to the fourth century in Japan and the sixth century in China. Today those two countries and the Republic of Korea are the largest consumers of seaweed as food. Various red and brown seaweeds, that are called alginophytes, contain the substance called algin, a natural polysaccharide, found in the species cell walls. The algin is extracted and used in various gel types depending on the species of Algae.

Species we collaborate with: Chondrus Crispus: Laminaria Digitata Sphingomonas elodea Gel’s shape-shifting ability gives it great potential in the following applications: As both solid and liquid states, and a range of viscosities in between In an application that requires expansion or contraction It can be used to create form or shape It produces a thin film for membranes, or thick mass for fills It creates fibres for fabric Glossary: Polymer: A polymer is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits. Because of their broad range of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play an essential and ubiquitous role in everyday life. Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as polystyrene to natural biopolymers such as DNA and proteins that are fundamental to biological structure and function. Their consequently large molecular mass relative to small molecule compounds produces unique physical properties including toughness, viscoelasticity, and a tendency to form glasses and semi crystalline structures rather than crystals Hydrocolloid: A hydrocolloid is a non-crystalline substance with very large molecules and which

MATRIX

MATRIX Our Matrix material is a fibrous mesh of biopolymers. The polymers are made up of proteins and polysaccharides obtained from fungi and yeasts. The material is dynamic and physiologically active and is best used to create structural scaffolds to support Surface components. It can further be used to guide the division, growth and development of other components. The meshlike composition of this material gives it material efficiency by reducing mass, but still retaining the structural integrity. The mesh can be aligned in such a way that it lends either stiffness or elasticity to the form of the structure.

CULTIVATING MATRIX The kingdom of Fungi is the apothecary of nature and it is teaming with alchemists. Fungi consist of mushrooms, yeasts and molds and this misunderstood kingdom is not lurking in the dark for mischief, but for magic. Fungi are the key to the continuity of life cycles on earth. They are the interface between life and death, man and matter. They recycle and decontaminate decaying matter and leave a fertile substrate for new life to prosper in. Mushrooms, the most familiar of the fungi species are valued as both food and medicine, but the true power of the Fungi is not what we see and eat, but what is happening below the surface called the mycelium. Mycelium is the vegetative part of fungi, which consists of a network of interconnected filamentous cells called hyphae. This dense mesh of cells create a living underground network that can digest and recycle the debris and decay of past living matter, that in turn prepares and nourishes a platform on which life can continue to exist. As the network grows, moves and expands it becomes a responsive supersystem that places the health of its host environment top of mind for its own survival. This system can transport nutrients and information across the cellular membranes, alert the system of disease or danger through enzymatic and chemical responses and prepare the layer of fertile soil for the biological system above it to flourish. (Stamets, 2005)

a closer relation to the animal kingdom than any other organism or plant. This ability to process waste also allows for the fermentation of various food products such as wine, beer and soy sauce. At Cultivate these abilities form part of our ongoing research, but the part that we are most interested in lies in the mycelium morphology. The cell walls of mycelium are made of a polymer called chitin. It can be compared to the polysaccharide cellulose that is the primary structural component of plant walls or the protein keratin that makes up hair and nails. Chitin has a similar structure, but has nitrogen-containing side branches, increasing its strength. Cellulose is used in the making of textiles and paper or film products, but with the extra strength one is able to achieve with chitin there is a an exciting opportunity for structural materials. These polymers are useful in numerous structural applications, but what makes chitin so exciting is the strength that one is able to attain and the value it might have in additive manufacturing. Biopolymers in the built environment can be used for structure, cover, connectivity and protection. As a living organism mycelium can be used for structure and repair, cushioning, or decomposition of waste. We use a variety of species of Fungi for our Mesh collection depending on the speed, yield, strength, form or color that your final product might require.

Fungi are plant-like, but they lack chlorophyll and therefore absorb and digest their food. This ability to digest makes the fungi kingdom show

Species we collaborate with: Omphalotus Nidiformis (Ghost Mushroom), Ganoderma Lucidum (Reishi), Lentinula Edodes (Shiitake), Laetiporus (Chicken of the Wood) The mesh-like structure of our Matrix materials are best suited to: Structure Frameworks Creating suitable surface for Surface to adhere to Waste processing Network Communication

Glossary: Polysaccharide: A polysaccharide is a carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) compound whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.

MINERALIA MINERALIA

Minerals are the building blocks of our inorganic life. They make up most of the earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mantle and crust and have been extracted for our survival, and our lust, since the beginning of man. Few can deny the beauty of their geometric brilliance; a result of the specific arrangement of the atoms and molecules in their composition. Minerals are formed due to the tendency of chemical elements to react when they are brought together . The kinds of minerals that forms depends not only on their abundance in their environment, but also on whether the reaction releases energy, an exothermic reaction, or requires an input of energy, an endothermic reaction. Steel is formed during the cooling of molten lava. Salt will form after the evaporation of liquids. Crystals can form when liquids are cooled down, due to high temperatures or pressure. Thermodynamics is the branch of science that studies these reactions and conditions that produce the variety of minerals we know today. Minerals are not only confined to the inorganic world, but are produced by organisms to harden existing tissues for protection and support. These processes are called biomineralization and facilitate stiffness, reduce weight, add strength and increases toughness.

We see this in the creation of bone through ossification, the layers of nacre in shells and also in the calcium chloride deposit of coral polyps. What gives biomineralization it particular strength and function is the organized layering of minerals in the soft protein networks and tissues. Due to this layering, loads and stresses are transferred throughout several length-scales, from macro to micro to nano, which results in the dissipation of energy within the arrangement. One can compare it to structural steel lattice systems, where a certain size can be achieved without the weight or mass, due to the physics of the triangulation of forces. Additive manufacturing, otherwise known as 3D printing, is driving major innovations in many areas, such as engineering, manufacturing, art, education and medicine. Biomineralization can be seen as natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s additive manufacturing technique, but more than this, it selfassembles. The layer-by-layer selfassembly, the remarkable structural organisation and the engineering ingenuity of mineralised tissues makes it the perfect candidate for inspiring new material technology.

MINERALIA Minerals are the building blocks of our inorganic life. They make up most of the earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mantle and crust and have been extracted for our survival, and our lust, since the beginning of man. Few can deny the beauty of their geometric brilliance; a result of the specific arrangement of the atoms and molecules in their composition. Minerals are formed due to the tendency of chemical elements to react when they are brought together. The kinds of minerals that form, depends not only on their abundance in their environment, but also on whether the reaction releases energy, an exothermic reaction, or requires an input of energy, an endothermic reaction. Steel is formed during the cooling of molten lava. Salt will form after the evaporation of liquids. Crystals can form when liquids are cooled down, due to high temperatures or pressure. Thermodynamics is the branch of science that studies the reactions and conditions that produce the variety of minerals we know today. Minerals are not only confined to the inorganic world, but are produced by organisms to harden existing tissues for protection and support.

These processes are called biomineralization and they facilitate stiffness, reduce weight, add strength and increases toughness. We see this in the creation of bone through ossification, the layers of nacre in shells and also in the calcium chloride deposit ofcoral polyps. What gives biomineralization its particular strength and function is the organized layering of minerals in its soft protein networks and tissues. Due to this layering, loads and stresses are transferred throughout several length-scales, from macro to micro to nano, which result in the dissipation of energy within the arrangement. One could compare it to structural steel lattice systems, where a certain size can be achieved without the weight or mass, due to the physics of the triangulation of forces. Additive manufacturing, otherwise known as 3D printing, is driving major innovations in many areas, such as engineering, manufacturing, art, education and medicine. Biomineralization can be seen as natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s additive manufacturing technique, but more than this, it self-assembles. The layer-by-layer self-assembly, the remarkable structural organization and the engineering ingenuity of mineralized tissues makes it the perfect candidate for inspiring new material technology.

CULTIVATING MINERALIA Biological processes generate approximately 60 different mineral components, but of the most common are calcium carbonate found in the mollusk shells and coral, and hydroxyapatite present in both teeth and bones.

BONE Bones self-assemble in a process called ossification where a flexible organic matrix, of the protein collagen, is impregnated with and surrounded by a stiffer, stronger, reinforcing carbonated hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2]. Hydroxyapatite is a calcium-based composite that has a tendency to clump together to form crystals. It lends stiffness to the bone and makes up two thirds of the boneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s weight.

Collagen makes up the remaining third of the bone weight. It is a pliable, gel-like material that forms the scaffold formation to create the shape around which the bone will mineralize. Collagen allows the bone to have tensile strength.

CORAL The hermatypic or hard coral species are a prime example of how collaboration with nature, and the laws of thermodynamics, can result in mineral deposits that have mutually-beneficial results for both parties. The soft, saclike body of the coral polyp needs to be protected by a hard exoskeleton, but cannot produce its own alone.

Minerals collaborated with: Mineralized Tissue Living Coral Rocks and MInerals Molluscs Nacre

As the coral polyp does not have the mineralized tissue ability of bone and relies on its symbiotic relationship with the algae species, zooxanthellae, that live in their tissue. The zooxanthellae is a photosynthetic algae that lives in the protected environment that the polypâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tissue provides. The photosynthetic algae finds protection in the tissue of the polyp and helps the polyp with waste removal, but more importantly shares the products of its photosynthesis, that of oxygen, glucose, glycerol and amino acids, with the polyp. The polyps in turn uses these ingredients to produce proteins, fats and the calcium carbonate deposits that are required to create the reefs that protect them. (Barnes, R.D., 1987)

The biomineralization of Mineralia are best suited for the following applications 3d Printing Brick and Mortar type requirements Structural Strength Creating scale with less mass Self assembly

VERTEBRATA

VERTEBRATA Vertebrate are all the animal species that have vertebrae, which form the main skeletal axis of the body. This includes mammals, fish, animals, reptiles, birds and amphibians. We have been cultivating Vertebrata for centuries and have learnt to use almost all the different parts of the body (meat, bones, hide, fat, organs) to supply us with food, tools, protection or fuel. However, the demand for animal products has resulted in the industrialization of animal farming, turning land and animals into mere commodities. The lack of empathy shown in this highdemand economic practice, does not only cause distress to the animal or the land in question, but is inadvertently affecting the whole cycle. The obvious first action to take would be to stop using animal products, but our reliance on these products and the size of the population would make it very hard to implement. But we can start thinking about selfsufficiency, and if we cannot look after our own animals, then maybe we can just grow what we need, without ever harming any

CULTIVATING VERTEBRATA The growing of living cells in vitro is called tissue culture. We grow a variety of tissue cultures including foods such as meat, to materials such as skin and leather. The use of animal culture is ethically controversial, especially when it comes to the commercialization of tissue. At Cultivate, we take these issues seriously and we concern ourselves with the results and recommendations from studies such as those performed by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics. However, tissue culture is a way in which we can produce the sought-after animal products like meat, leather, oils, collagen and keratin without harming any animals or humans. We can also cultivate pure strains without concern for DNA mutations or disease.

Species collaborated with: Homo Sapiens (Human) Sus Scrofa Domesticus (Domestic Pig) Bos Taurus (Domestic Cattle) Uses of Vertebrata Materials: Skins Responsivity - sensors, glands, ducts Nervous systems Secretions Muscles Keratin Collagen Bone Tissue

THE CULTIVATE PRODUCT GUIDE

ORIGINS ORIGINS OF GEL ORIGINS OF MATRIX ORIGINS OF VERTEBRATA ORIGINS OF MINERALIA

SURFACE SURFACE OF GEL SURFACE OF MATRIX SURFACE OF VERTEBRATA SURFACE OF MINERALIA

DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS OF GEL DIMENSIONS OF MATRIX DIMENSIONS OF VERTEBRATA DIMENSIONS OF MINERALIA

STIMULUS TRANSCRIPTION, TRANSLATION, SECRETION DIGESTIONW MOTILITY

THE MATRIX RANGE

ORIGIN OF MATRIX SURFACE OF MATRIX DIMENSIONS OF MATRIX

THE GEL RANGE

ORIGIN OF GEL SURFACE OF GEL DIMENSIONS OF GEL

THE MINERALIA RANGE

ORIGIN OF MINERALIA SURFACE OF MINERALIA DIMENSIONS OF MINERALIA

THE VERTEBRATA MINERALIA RANGE RANGE

ORIGIN ORIGINOFOFVERTEBRATA MINERALIA SURFACE SURFACE OFOF VERTEBRATA MINERALIA DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS OFOF VERTEBRATA MINERALIA

CULTIVATE ORIGINS CULTIVATION GUIDE

THE ORIGINS OF GEL THE GEL SPECIES: CHONDRUS CRISPUS | LAMINARIA DIGITATA | SPHINGOMONAS ELODEA

CHONDRUS CRISPUS Chondrus Crispus is used to make carrageenan gel. Class: Rhodophyceae Morphology: Red algae reaching up to 20 cm in length. Sprouts from discoid holdfast and branches four or five times in a dichotomous, fan-like manner. Habitat: Ocean: Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America Substrate for cultivation: Marine tanks Other Uses: Medicinal, food, home-brewing Cultivation Difficulty: Difficult

LAMINARIA DIGITATA Laminaria Digitata is used to make sodium alginate. Class: Phaeophyceae Morphology: Brown algae reaching up to 3 meters in length. Anchors to rock with it holdfast. Hollow stem leads to blades that are shaped like the palm of a hand. Habitat: Ocean: Lower intertidal, and shallow subtidal rocky shores Substrate for cultivation: Marine tanks Other Uses: Medicinal, food, home-brewing, soda ash Cultivation Difficulty: Difficult

SPHINGOMONAS ELODEA S.Elodea secretes the exopolysaccharide* gellan. Class: Alphaproteobacteria Morphology: Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacteria Habitat: Found on the waterweed Elodea Substrate for cultivation: Freshwater tanks Other Uses: Food Cultivation Difficulty: Difficult *Secreted by a microbe

THE ORIGINS OF GEL

ORIGINS OF GEL CULTIVATION INSTRUCTIONS Ingredients:

Equipment:

Selected Species of Fungus Seawater Live Aquarium Sand Living Rock

Tank or other suitable container for Habitat Light Filtration System Air Pump

Cultivation Instructions The goal is to create an environment as close to the algaeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural environment. The size of your tank is dependent on the amount of algae you wish to cultivate. Add living sand and rock to bottom of tank. Fill with seawater Attach culture to living rocks or soil at bottom of tank. Keep a constant moderate flow of water running through the tank. Setup filtration system as per instruction of supplier Lighting levels: 2 to 3 watts per gallon at 6500K to 8000K Salinity: between 1.024 and 1.026 Calcium: 350ppm-450 ppm Magnesium: around 1100 ppm-1200 ppm. Ammonia and Nitrites: Zero Ph balance: 7.9-8.2 Temperature: mid to upper 70s Depending on the amount of gel you require, leave your algae culture to grow and multiply until the correct amount is achieved. Process algae to gel using our Surface instructions.

Products you can cultivate from gel at Origin Stage: Carrageenan Alginate Gellan Cosmetics Food Medicines and Wellness Products

Notes: Freshwater tanks are easier to set up and maintain, but the growth and processing of the bacteria strain requires expert knowledge. We are currently working on the GIY instructions for the S.Elodea species. Reference: Aquaculture Explained No.26 BIM 2011

THE ORIGINS OF GEL

ORIGINS OF MATRIX THE MATRIX SPECIES: GANODERMA LUCIDUM | OMPHALOTUS NIDIFORMIS | LENTINULA EDODES GANODERMA LUCIDUM: Structural. Creates dense woodlike mesh Class: Agaricomycetes Type: Saprotrophic - feeds off dead organic matter Common Name: Reishi Morphology: Kidney or fan-shaped reddish cap with lacquered appearance Habitat: Grows on hardwood stumps and logs including oaks, elms, beeches, maples, and more Substrate for cultivation: Hardwood chips and sawdust, liquid medium Colonization/fruiting Temperatures: 70-80F/65-75F Other uses: Medicinal Cultivation Difficulty: Moderate OMPHALOTUS NIDIFORMIS: Decorative: Has bioluminescent properties. Class: Agaricomycetes Type: Saprotrophic - feeds off dead organic matter Common Name: Ghost Fungus Morphology: Closely resembles an edible oyster mushroom, but is poisonous. The mushroomâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s gills generate illumination in total darkness Habitat: Dead and dying trees Substrate for cultivation: Wood, liquid medium Colonization/fruiting Temperatures: 65-78F/55-65F Other uses: Novelty Cultivation Difficulty: Moderate LENTINULA EDODES Shape forming - creates a tough mesh Class: Agaricomycetes Type: Saprotrophic - feeds off dead organic matter Common Name: Shiitake Morphology: Brown cap that grows in traditional mushroom shape Habitat: Found on species of trees that belong to the Fagaceae family Substrate for cultivation: Hardwood chips and sawdust, hardwood logs liquid medium Colonization/fruiting Temperatures: 70-80F/50-70F Other uses: Edible and Medicinal with cancer fighting properties Cultivation Difficulty: Moderate

THE ORIGINS OFMATRIX

ORIGINS OF MATRIX THE MATRIX SPECIES: LAETIPORUS | PLEUROTUS GANODERMA LUCIDUM Can be used to replace wood with hard mesh. Used to as color pigment. Class: Agaricomycetes Type: Saprotrophic - feeds off dead organic matter Common Name: Chicken of the wood Morphology: Bright orange to salmon overlapping, fan-shaped flat caps growing as a single shelf or in attached bunches or rosettes on wood Substrate for cultivation: Hardwood chips and sawdust, hardwood logs liquid medium Colonization/fruiting Temperatures: 70-80F/50-70F Other uses: Edible and Medicinal Cultivation Difficulty: Moderate

LEUROTUS OSTREATUS Soft lightweight mesh can be used for bulk or moldings. Class: Agaricomycetes Type: Saprotrophic - feeds off dead organic matter Common Name: Blue oyster mushroom Morphology: Blue color with convex and semicircular to fan shaped cap, overlapping in large bunches Substrate for cultivation: Pasteurized straw, wood chips, sawdust, various grains, coffee grounds, agricultural waste, newspaper and cardboard. Colonization/fruiting Temperatures: 70-80F/50-70F Other uses: Edible and Medicinal Edible and Can clean pollution Cultivation Difficulty: Easy

THE ORIGINS OFMATRIX

THE ORIGINS OF MATRIX CULTIVATION INSTRUCTIONS Ingredients:

Equipment:

Selected Species of Fungus in either liquid medium or as culture slant. We recommend cultivating your Matrix culture in liquid medium14: Lab grade liquid medium ingredients: 1l H20 30 g/l Glucose 10 g/l Yeast extract MgSO4*7H20 5 g/l CaCl2*2H20 1 g/l KH2PO4 DIY Home variety 20 g/l Manuka Honey 10 g/l Bovril 1 g/l Agar

Sterile Syringe with Culture Medium Glass containers such as mason jars. Mason jar can be customised by creating two holes in the lid. One hole should be filled with polyfil to act as airfilter. The other should be filled with a high-temperature stable silicon to act as syringe gasket. All equipment used must be sterile Autoclave or pressure cooker Dark and sterile storage environment

Cultivation Instructions Mix liquid medium and pour into container. Autoclave container and medium at 121 degrees celcius. Wait for liquid to cool down. Inject liquid in syringe into the container through the silicon gasket. Place container in dark space and maintain temperature of degrees celcius. Wait for a thin white membrane to start forming. This is your mycelium. Leave until desired thickness and quality of Surface mycelium is reached.

Products you can cultivate from mycelium at Origin Stage: Chitin and Chitosan Fertiliser Cosmetics Battery and Supercapacitors Biomedical for burn treatment, tissue engineering and surgical thread

Notes: Once you have a culture growing you can keep using it to inoculate more containers as long as you keep a sterile environment. If your culture becomes contaminated, discard immediately using our safety suggestions at the end of this book. Lable: Extract culture from this container with a sterile syringe to inoculate your mycelium containers. Notes: (Solomko and Sasek 1984, Solomko 1992)

THE ORIGINS OF MATRIX

ORIGINS OF VERTEBRATA THE VERTEBRATA CLASSES : AMPHIBIA - AMPHIBIANS | REPTILIA - REPTILES | AVES - BIRDS | MAMMALIA - ANIMALS VERTEBRATA

Used in a variety oftextiles, responsive materials, self-assembling materials, neural networks, glands, nerves an organs. Type: Organic Tissue such as skin, muscle, collagen, blood vessels BIological Makeup: Water,protein, connective tissue, lipids, apatite, carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA Habitat: Found in the body of organisms from the Subphylum Vertebrata Substrate for cultivation: Bioreactor Cultivation Difficulty: Expert

THE ORIGINS OF VERTEBRATA

THE ORIGINS OF VERTEBRATA CULTIVATION INSTRUCTIONS Ingredients: CultCell速. Our stem cells range is isolated from the bone marrow of healthy donors and are available in a variety of mammals types. CultGro速 for Bone tissue. Our nutritious culture medium of growth hormones, sugars and other nutrients designed to encourage stem cells to develop into mineralized tissue. Organic, free-range bovine collagen gel

Equipment: Cultivate Bioreactor

Cultivation Instructions Shape the collagen into the 3D shape that you want your final product to be. Add the CultCell速 stem cells to the collagen structure. Put this in the chamber of the bioreactor. Pour the CultGro速 nourishment mix into the bioreactor. Turn bioreactor on. Bioreactors emulate the conditions inside a healthy body. The bioreactor is fully automated and easily programmable to provide your culture the right environment and deliver nutrition as needed. The cells will start to multiply and self-assemble. The bioreactor can be programmed to set your cultures density, texture and strength.

Notes: Stem cells have the capacity to become a variety of cell depending on the nutrition and environment that they are placed in. Reference: Naik, 2013

THE ORIGINS OF VERTEBRATA

ORIGINS OF MINERALIA THE MATRIX SPECIES: MINERALIZED TISSUE | LIVING CORAL | ROCKS AND MINERALS | MOLLUSCS

MINERALIZED TISSUE: Structural - Creates strong and hard material through ossification Type: Organic Mineralised Tissue Biological Makeup: Hydroxyapatite (a complex form of calcium and phosphate) collagen (a structural protein) Habitat: Found in the body of organisms from the Subphylum Vertebrata Substrate for cultivation: Bioreactor Cultivation Difficulty: Expert

CORAL Structural - Creates strong and hard material through calcium deposits Type: Organic Mineralised Tissue Phylum: Cnidaria Habitat: Marine Environments Substrate for cultivation: Marine Tank Cultivation Difficulty: Expert

THE ORIGINS OF MINERALIA

THE ORIGINS OF VERTEBRATA CULTIVATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR MINERALISED TISSUE Ingredients: CultCell®. Our stem cells range is isolated from the bone marrow of healthy donors and are available in a variety of mammals types. CultGro® for Bone tissue. Our nutritious culture medium of growth hormones, sugars and other nutrients designed to encourage stem cells to develop into mineralized tissue. Organic, free-range bovine collagen gel

Equipment: CultReactor® Bioreactor

Cultivation Instructions Shape the collagen into the 3D shape that you want your final product to be. Add the CultCell® stem cells to the collagen structure. Put this in the chamber of the bioreactor. Pour the CultGro® nourishment mix into the bioreactor. Turn bioreactor on. The bioreactor is fully automated and easily programmable to provide your culture the right environment and deliver nutrition as needed. The cells will start to multiply and self-assemble. The bioreactor can be programmed to set your cultures density, texture and strength.

Notes: Stem cells have the capacity to become a variety of cell depending on the nutrition and environment that they are placed in.

THE ORIGINS OF MINERALIA

THE ORIGINS OF VERTEBRATA TISSUE CULTIVATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR CORAL Ingredients: Selected Species of Coral Seawater Live Aquarium Sand Living Rock

Equipment: Tank or other suitable container for Habitat Light Filtration System Air Pump Cultivation Instructions The goal is to create an environment as close to the coralâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural environment. The size of your tank is dependent on the amount of coral you wish to cultivate. Add living sand and rock to bottom of tank. Fill with seawater Attach coral to living rocks or soil at bottom of tank. Keep a constant moderate flow of water running through the tank. Set up filtration system as per instruction of supplier Lighting levels: 2 to 3 watts per gallon at 6500K to 8000K Salinity: between 1.024 and 1.026 Calcium: 350ppm-450ppm Magnesium: around 1100 ppm-1200 ppm Ammonia and Nitrites: Zero Ph balance: 7.9-8.2 Temperature: mid to upper 70s Coral does grow and multiply naturally, but you can increase your coral yield faster with the following method: Coral in nature reproduces asexually through a process called budding. A new coral offshoot grows off of the parent coral and due to strong water currents or other physical trauma becomes detached from the parent. The bud will settle in a new location and start the process over again. As cultivator you can use a strong bone or tissue cutter to remove any buds that your coral produces and replant them to increase yield. Do not remove bud unless you are sure that it is fully formed and ready to be transplanted.

THE ORIGINS OF MINERALIA

CULTIVATE SURFACES CULTIVATION GUIDE

SURFACE OF GEL SURFACE OF GEL TYPES: CARRAGEENAN | ALGINATE

CARRAGEENAN: Gel, skins, membranes, mass, filler, formwork, plugs, actuators, sensors Types: Iota, Lambda, Kappa Properties: Thermoreversible gel. Soluble in hot water at temperatures above its gel melting temperature. Sensitive to Calcium ions depending on type. Forms brittle to elastic gels. Cultivation Difficulty: Easy

ALGINATE: Gel, skins, membranes, mass, filler, formwork, plugs, actuators, sensors, translucent screens, textiles. molecula gastronomy,wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering Types: Sodium Alginate, Calcium Alginate Properties: Forms heat stable rigid or soft gels in the presence of calcium Cultivation Difficulty: Moderate

THE SURFACE OF GEL

THE SURFACE OF GEL CULTIVATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR CARRAGEENAN Ingredients: Chondrus Crispus or any red algae from our Rhodophyceae class Distilled Water Calcium: can be from milk, bone, coral or calcium supplement Potassium Supplement Equipment: Pressure Cooker or pot Muslin Cloth Cultivation Instructions Add your chondrus to distilled water in pot. Boil in pressure cooker for 30 minutes until thick gel has formed on the base of the pot. Strain mixture through muslin cloth to separate from undissolved solids. Cool liquid in freezable container for 24 hours. The carrageenan at this stage contains a high concentration of water. Freeze and defrost the carrageenan a couple of times to reduce the volume of water. Strain the solution through a strainer with potassium/chloride solutions. Dry or use immediately to create gels. Add supplement in accordance to the strain of carrageenan that you have. Strains and their characteristics. a. Kappa: binds with water to forms strong, rigid gels in the presence of potassium ions; it reacts with dairy proteins. b. Iota: binds with water forms strong elastic gels in presence of calcium. c. Lambda: does not gel, but can be used to thicken liquids with calcium such as milk. Typical use of of Carrageenan in dried form is 2%, but remember if are you are using it in gel form straight away it has already binded with water. Experiment with your supplement percentages to achieve the viscosity or gel strength you desire. Notes: Chondrus Crispus usually form a combination of Kappa and Lambda Locust Bean Gum is a galactomannan vegetable gum extracted from the seeds of the carob tree. It successfully interacts with carrageenan to improve strength and water binding capacity and can reduce the amount of syneresis that might occur.

Glossary: Galactomannan is a polysaccharide consisting of mannose and galactose that increases viscosity.

THE SURFACE OF GEL

THE SURFACE OF GEL CULTIVATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR ALGINATE Ingredients: Laminaria Digitata or a selection of the brown algae from our Phaeophyceae class Distilled Water Calcium: can be from milk, bone, coral or calcium supplement Spirit of Salts (A mixture or rock salt and green vitriol) Soda Ash formed by burning dry Fucus Algae. Calcium Chloride Food-safe Bleaching Agent Equipment: Large non-corrosive Container Gloves Protective Eyewear Coffee Filters for drying and separation Cultivation Instructions Wash seaweed in distilled water Chop seaweed into small pieces. Acid treatment: Soak in 0.3 % Spirit of Salt solution for 30mins at 50 to demineralize the seaweed. Rinse and pulverised the solution. Alkaline treatment: Soak in 2% Soda Ash solution for 15-20 mins. Strain solution to separate from undissolved matter. Add 10% Calcium Chloride solution The alginate reacts with the calcium solution and will form a solid calcium alginate fibre. The Calcium Alginate can be washed, bleached and dried at this stage. To convert to sodium alginate continue as follows:. Stirr the calcium alginate into a dilute Spirit of Salt mixture. This will form fibrous Alginic Acid From here the solution must be dewatered to contain 25% solid mass. Lastly mix the alginic acid with soda ash to form sodium alginate paste. This can be extruded, dried and then milled to form a powder for later use. Notes: It does not need heat to form a gel like other hydrocolloids, but will create a solid gel instantly when it comes in contact with solutions of calcium chloride of calcium lactate.

THE SURFACE OF GEL

SURFACE OF MATRIX SURFACE OF GEL TYPES: MYCELIUM | COLLAGEN | CELLULOSE | KERATIN

MYCELIUM: Structures, Mass, 3d Printing, Biopolymers, Antimicrobial, Biomedical, Communication structures, Cosmeticss Types: Chitin, Chitosan Properties: Highly basic polysaccharides. Their properties include solubility in various media, solution, viscosity, polyelectrolyte behavior, polyoxysalt formation, ability to form films, metal chelations, optical, and structural characteristics. Cultivation Difficulty: Expert

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THE SURFACE OF MATRIX CULTIVATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR MYCELIUM Ingredients: Mycelium Distilled water Lye or Caustic Sodađ&#x;&#x201D;ť(NaOH) Spirit of Salts (A mixture or rock salt and green vitriol) Desiccant from hardware store Acetic Acid â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Strong vinegar Equipment: Pressure Cooker or Pot Muslin Cloth Fine non-corrosive Mesh Coffee Filter papers for drying and separations Protective Eyewear Protective Gloves Cultivation Instructions Remove layer of mycelium. Dry on mesh inside a closed container with desiccant. Once dry, grind into coarse particles. Deproteinize mycelium with 4% Lye solution for 24 hours. Demineralize mycelium solution with 5% Spirit of Salts for 24 hours. The product you have now is called Chitin. To convert chitin to chitosan it has to be deacylated. This is done by mixing the chitin with 40% solution of lye and heated to 95â&#x201E;&#x192;. The deacylation has taken place when a sample of the chitin/lye mixture dissolved in acetic acid. The medium is washed, dried and pulverized and can be stored for later use. Notes: Mycelium surface sheets can also be used as they are to be shaped and formed into various shapes. This can be dried or baked to preserve the matrix. It can also be lacquered to achieve a more luxurious finish. Reference:

M G Peter, A Domard and R A A Muzzarelli, 2000 Handbook of Textile Fibres

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SKIN SURFACE: Hide-like fabrics, tension supports, rope, covers Types: Leather, membranes Properties: After skin cells have been propagated to the right size and density, it can be prepared for tanning. Tanning will preserve the fabric and allow it to be used for application. Cultivation Difficulty: Easy

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THE SURFACE OF VERTEBRATA

THE SURFACE OF VERTEBRATA CULTIVATION INSTRUCTIONS Ingredients:

Equipment:

Skin Cell Culture Brain Cell Culture Soap Water

Drying rack Open Fire Gloves Refrigerator

Cultivation Instructions Remove skin cells from bioreactor and span across drying rack to dry. Make sure the skin is stretched to increase area of skin Make sure the skin gets enough airflow to dry the skin. Dry for about a week. Cultivated skin does not have hair, thus the laborious process of removing hair from natural hide is sidestepped. Scrape the dried skin to open up the sealed skin, allowing the tanning solution to be soaked up. Make tanning solution by cooking brain cells in water to a soup-like consistency. The ratio of brain to skin is usually the size of the animal donorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s brain to the size of its natural hide. Wash the skin in water. Wring it out and dry as much as possible, while remaining moist. Brain the hide. This means rubbing the oil solution on the entire surface of the skin. Roll the skin up and place in bag. Refrigerate for 24 hours. Remove and stretch across the drying rack again. Remove any excess oils. The next step is labor intensive, so get help. Use a heavy stick or hide breaker to soften the hide by continuously beating the tightly stretched hide. Do it again. And again. Until it is soft. Once the skin is soft and dry it is ready to be smoked. Fold the skin in half and sew it together to create a bag. One end of the bag should remain open. Create a smoky fire small or big enough to fit inside the open hole. Pull the skin bag over the fire and hang it straight above the fire. Smoke for 30 minutes Invert the bag and do the same for the other side. Unstitch bag and skin will be ready for use.

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THE SURFACE OF VERTEBRATA

SURFACE OF MINERALIA SURFACE OF MINERALIA TYPES: BONE | CORAL | GEMSTONES AND CRYSTALS | NACRE |KERATIN

BONE/CORAL SURFACE:: Structural support, Surface coverings, calcium, tiles, bricks, other construction material, plastic Properties: Both coral and bone in dry form form a strong, solid, mineral compound consisting mainly out of calcium. Bone mainly out of Calcium Phosphate and Coral being mainly calcium carbonate (CaCo3). Cultivation Difficulty: Easy

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THE SURFACE OF MINERALIA CULTIVATION INSTRUCTIONS Ingredients: Bone and coral from deceased species Biological Domestic Washing Powder Hydrogen Peroxide Household Bleach Alcohol

Equipment: Containers Gloves

Cultivation Instructions Dead tissue is considered a biohazard so be careful where and how you handle the bone and coral.đ&#x;&#x201D;ť Allow bone and coral to air dry for a couple of days. Remove biological matter by hand. The organic bone should be soaked in warm biological washing powder for about two weeks. The washing powder contains enzymes that break down the fat and tissue. Once the bone is clean of any biological residue it can be treated with a 50/50 solution of hydrogen peroxide and water. This sterilizes and bleaches the bone. Coral can be soaked in 1-part water and 2-parts bleach for 48 hours. It should then be soaked in alcohol and be allowed to dry. It can further be treated with lacquer to retain its Surface qualities. Both can then be used as is or be cut into shapes as required. Notes:

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THE SURFACE OF MINERALIA

CULTIVATE DIMENSIONS

VISUALISATION GUIDE

DIMENSIONS OF MATRIX

DIMENSIONS OF GEL

DIMENSIONS OF ANIMALIA

DIMENSIONS OF MINERALIA

THE CULTIVATED FUTURE

Technology is the mediator between man and matter. Design is the conscious choices we make in this applying technology for the betterment of life. We started Cultivate because we had concerns about the way design has evolved and the lack of concern that designers have for all but our own human lives. We realised we needed a reevolution. We needed to start designing not only for the betterment of life, but also start considering the meaning of life.

We started exploring what it would mean if you starting thinking about design from the bottom up and we found a language of design. A language that doesn’t imitate, nor does it originate, but through a mutual collaboration with nature, it Cultivates. Cultivate, a new hope for the future. Join our Cultivated revolution.

Life used to be perceived as something that comes into the world through vivipary and undeniable ends in death. But we have come to learn that the only differentiator between the ‘living’ and the ‘dead’ is inertia. Therefore all things, man or matter, has the potential to affect change and can be considered alive. We realised that design needed to find a way that would incorporate all these living participants. We called this a biocentric way of design.

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A WARM, SQUIRMING THANK YOU TO... CHRISTOPHER KOLLER KEISHA MILSOM CHRISTO HOLLOWAY SUZANNE LEE LOUISE HILDEBRAND CLAIRE BARANOWSKI MAGDA BOGACKA-RODE KURT RODE ETHAN SILVERMAN CHRIS ROMERO MELANIE CREAN 130

BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS Alexander, Christopher, Sara Ishikawa, and Murray Silverstein. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. New York: Oxford UP, 1977. Print. Bennett, Jane. Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Durham: Duke UP, 2010. Print. Brayer, Marie-Ange. Biothing Alisa Andrasek. Orléans: HYX, 2009. Print. Brayer, Marie-Ange, and Frédéric Migayrou. Naturaliser L’architecture = Naturalizing Architecture. Costa, Beatriz Da, and Kavita Philip. Tactical Biopolitics: Art, Activism, and Technoscience. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2008. Print. Cruz, Marcos, and Steve Pike. Neoplasmatic Design. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2008. Garcia, Mark. Future Details of Architecture. Hoboken: Wiley, 2014. Endy, Drew, Ginsberg, Alexandra Daisy. Synthetic Aesthetics: Investigating Synthetic Biology’s Designs on Nature. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2014. Print. Grobman, Yasha J., and Eran Neuman. Performalism: Form and Performance in Digital Architecture. New York: Routledge, 2012. Print. Jones, Richard A. L. Soft Machines: Nanotechnology and Life. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004. Print. Kelly, Kevin. Cool Tools. Pacifica, CA: K. Kelly, 2003. Print. Duc, Stephane Le, and William Deane Butcher. The Mechanism of Life. New York: Rebman, 1914. Menocal, Narciso G. Architecture as Nature: The Transcendentalist Idea of Louis Sullivan. Madison: U of Wisconsin, 1981. P Miodownik, Mark. Stuff Matters: Exploring the Marvelous Materials That Shape Our Man-made World. Myers, William. Bio Design: Nature, Science, Creativity. London: Thames & Hudson, 2012. Silver, Mike. Programming Cultures: Art and Architecture in the Age of Software. London: WileyAcademy, 2006. Print. Peters, Sascha. Material Revolution: Sustainable and Multi-purpose Materials for Design Johnson, Steven. Where Good Ideas Come from: the Natural History of Innovation. New York:

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JOURNALS hen, Rong-Huei et al. “Advances In Chitin/Chitosan Science and Their Applications.” Carbohydrate Polymers 84.2 (2011): Handbook of Textile Fibres (2001) Grossman, Lisa. “It Moves! Lab-Made Blob Can Crawl.” New Scientist 216.2891 (2012): 14. Naik, S, and H E Heslop. “Engineering Haploidentical Transplants.” Bone Marrow Transplantation Bone Marrow Transplant (2015): n. pag. Simon, Herbert Alexander. The Science of the Artificial. Cambridge, Mass: M.I.T., 1969. Spiller, Neil, and Rachel Armstrong. Protocell Architecture. London: Wiley, 2011. Print. Steadman, Philip. The Evolution of Designs: Biological Analogy in Architecture and the Applied Arts. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1979. Print. Clear, Nic. “AVATAR and the Politics of Protocell Architecture.” Architectural Design 81.2 (2011): 122-27. Dollens, Dennis. “Architecture as Nature: A Biodigital Hypothesis.” Leonardo 42.5 (2009): 412-20. Oksiuta, Zbigniew. “New Biological Habitats in the Biosphere and in Space.” Leonardo 40.2 (2007): 122. Print. Voss-Andreae, Julian. “Protein Sculptures: Life’s Building Blocks Inspire Art.” Leonardo 38.1 (2005): 41-45. Print. Web “ Digital Nouveau ~.” Digital Nouveau. Web. 17 Sept. 2014 x<http://learn.digitalnouveau.com/posts>. “About - Syndebio.” Syndebio. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. <http://syndebio.com/about/>. “The Amazing Fungi.” The Amazing Fungi. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. “Crossover Studio.” Crossover Studio. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. <http://www.student.uni-ak.ac.at/~s0325820/>. “Sci-Fi Meets Art With Cabinet Of Post-Digital Curiosities | The Creators Project.” The CreatorsProject. Web. 15 Sept. 2014. “Ecophysiological Architecture – P I N U P S P a C E.” Ecophysiological Architecture – P I N U P S

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