Pulse Volume 11 Issue 3

Pulse Volume 11 Issue 3

tHREE IS NOT A CROWD

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Spring Cleaning

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fRESH N’ FRUITY

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iT’S aLL IN YOUR HEAD pronouns are past?

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sENIORITIS 101

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iNK’D

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cOACHELLA sURVIVAL GUIDE

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hector gutierrez

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Editor-in-Chief Skylar Binney Creative Director Jakob Saloner Editorial Director Leah Bloom

Spring has sprung, and in this issue we hope to convey the freshness and brilliance that accompanies this lovely season. As the weather changes and we begin preparing for the sunny months ahead, we’re ready for a fresh start.

We can almost taste the freedom of graduation, summer, and the conclusion of our school year.

In our spring issue, we have compiled stories that will be sure to guide you through the transition from a cozy winter to the upcoming summer.

Ashlyn Finkbeiner provides a unique perspective on the background behind juice cleanses and we also review spring “mocktail” recipes that are sure to quench your thirst as the weather heats up.

Ronnie Simon and Leah Bloom offer a look into the life of our beloved campus supervisor, Hector Gutierrez, and if you’re preparing for Coachella, grab some tips from guest writer Hannah Gonzalez.

Following a humorous tone, Katie Cluxton gives us an in depth description of life as a third wheel.

On a more serious note, Leah Bloom highlights the concerns behind athletic concussions and Elliot Cohen examines the possibility of the spread of the Zika virus. Joe Alfter explores the changing societal standards regarding gender identity and gender neutral pronouns.

It is with great pride that we present to you: Volume 11 Issue 3.

Sincerely,

Skylar Binney

Designers Kai Czarnowski Reed Martin Online Editor Veronica Simon Staff Writers Joe Altaffer Sammy Benbow Elliot Cohen Erin Coogan Ashlyn Finkbeiner Max Greenhalgh Leon Idelchik Kaylee Kinninger Ben Monks Peter Saltamachio Guest Writers Hannah Gonzalez Advisor Christopher Black

Want More? Snapchat the QR code below to head to ccapulse.com to see what else we’ve been up to!

three is not a crowd by katie cluxton

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I had been planning for months. I had spent countless hours making sure every detail was beyond perfect. I had spent the day filling balloons with helium and taping streamers to walls. The moment was finally upon us; it was my best friend’s boyfriend’s birthday party.

In my four years of high school, I have witnessed the start and end of many relationships. Although I’ve only had a few of my own, somehow I’m the person that my friends come to when they want advice or feel like divulging all the details of their relationships, and I’m happy to listen.

In my opinion, dating during high school should not be a priority. I enjoy being single and plenty of my friends have happy relationships that I can live vicariously through.

Simply put, if you’re dating one of my close friends, you’re essentially dating me. We’re like a Twix bar. Even if you really just wanted one half, you already opened the package and you can’t just leave the other half there to get all stale and sad. I am her ghost writer, craft assistant, and entourage. If you two are having an argument, half of her quick-witted texts are of my creation. If she made you a card, I helped design it. If you want to go out for her birthday, I’ll be in the back seat of the car ready to turn up.

I don’t mind being the third wheel; I get to spend time with my best friend and make a new friend in her significant other. Do I get uncomfortable when they’re flaunting their relationship and cuddling at the dinner table? Yes, but my chocolate ice cream and I are quite happy together.

As a third wheel, you’re bound to get thrown into somewhat uncomfortable situations. For example, who gets to sit shotgun? Sometimes the boyfriend will let you sit in the front seat because he’s sweet and recognizes that you’ve known your friend longer than he has, and therefore, you are superior. Other times, you should take one for the team and sit in the back seat. Although it is mildly nauseating to watch them hold hands through your narrow view between the seats, you let them be happy.

Similarly, what do you do when somehow you wind up in your best friend’s boyfriend’s bedroom with both of them? Before you start thinking terrible things, there is nothing kinky about watching two people cuddle while you sit cross-legged at the end of a bed with an obese cat in your lap. Kinky? No. Awkward? Oh, yes. If they start

making out, your best option is to play dead. They’ll think you’re sleeping and nobody will feel uncomfortable except for you.

Going out to dinner can become quite a challenge. If the three of you are seated at a booth, do you sit across from them or do you try to squeeze all three of you onto one side? Also, how do you handle the check? If it were the two of them on a date, surely the boyfriend would pay for the meal because he’s a gentleman like that, but there are three of you. When the check arrives, everyone will hesitate for a minute because he doesn’t want to pay for you, but he feels bad that he has to make you pay, and you just don’t know how to approach the situation. You are a strong, independent woman who’s capable of paying for your own meal, so pitch in your part of the check to avoid this terribly awkward tension.

It may seem strange that I regularly subject myself to being the odd one out, but I’d much rather spend time with the two of them together than only get to see my friend when she’s between relationships. After all, two friends are better than one. I do give them plenty of autonomy, however, because a) polygamy isn’t legal and b) I’m not into that anyway.

The absolute worst part about being an integral part of the tricycle is feeling like you’re not wanted. I completely understand that vehicles can function with two wheels and sometimes those wheels want to make out, but I’m here and I can’t leave until eight o’clock. There is no way of knowing if a couple wants alone time unless you specifically ask, in which case the response will be something along the lines of “No, we love you!” because they don’t want to make you feel bad about being single and alone.

The pity can feel overwhelming. Luckily, I’d much rather watch all six seasons of Gossip Girl (again) and not worry about my legs always being soft, than constantly try to impress someone who I can’t necessarily depend on to be there for me.

Above all, being close to so many different couples has given me a unique perspective on love and relationships that I’m sure will come in handy when I decide I’m ready to graduate to a normal, two-wheeled bike.

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Ten years ago, kale was merely a garnish that decorated the salad bar at Souplantation; only in recent years have vegetables, such as this one, been thrust into the lime light, as juice cleansing has become one of the biggest trends in the health world. It seems as though the idea of squeezing all of the nutrients out of fruits and vegetables is much more appealing than just blending everything into a smoothie.

“Purifying” and “detoxing” tend to be the terms identified with juicing. Juice cleanses are a type of diet in which people drink nothing but nutrient-filled juices for an average span of one week.

These juices can be purchased directly from companies or they can be made at home using a juicer.

In most cases, people do not eat any food during these few days but are free to drink as much water as they please. Many people who take part in these diets claim that they start a juice cleanse for a number of reasons including feeling sluggish, bloated, or too dependent on sugar or coffee. Some people believe that drinking nothing but purely juiced fruits and veggies helps them feel much healthier than before. But are these radical diets actually healthy for our bodies, or are they doing more harm than good?

Our body is meant to cleanse itself; there is a reason that our body contains organs such as the liver and kidneys.

These organs are meant to rid the body of toxins that have built up over time. However, many people are starting to believe that these toxins just keep building up until they flush everything out with a cleanse. Leslie Schilling, a nutrition counselor, stands by her opinion against juice cleanses, claiming that drinking nothing but juice for a day or two is likely safe, but can lead the body to become hypocaloric, meaning more calories are burned than are being consumed. Often times, this forces the body to depend on other fat stores, such as muscle, to gain enough energy to survive.

In addition to the extremely low caloric intake of these diets, there is also a risk to our naturally detoxifying organs, such as the liver. Dr. Kathleen Jade, a naturopathic physician in Seattle, asserts that the toxins released during a juice cleanse can put excess strain on these organs. In order for these organs to function properly, there needs to be other sources of nutrients as well, not just the pure juice from fruits and vegetables. Jade states, “We now know that a truly healthy and effective detoxification requires a

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level of nutritional support that is unlikely to be reached via juice.” Because of this, Jade usually requires her patients to take some kind of meal replacement powder in conjunction with their juice cleanse to ensure the body’s vital organs continue working properly.

Although there is an abundance of research pointing out the flaws in the concept behind juice cleansing, there are also many companies who still have faith in their method and have seen many people benefit from this diet.

For example, Pressed Juicery is a California based juice chain that sells thousands of juices to people all over the state. The company states that their three day cleanse can be extremely beneficial for the body as it can balance the healthy bacteria in the body’s intestines, reduce cell damage, decrease stress on the heart, and help with weight loss. Although companies such as this one make the end result of a juice cleanse seem very glamorous, cleanses may not be for everyone. As a previous juice-cleanse experimenter, I can say that most of the ones I have tried are very delicious. However, some people may not be cut out for this radical diet. If you’re like me, it may benefit you just as much to drink a nutrient-rich juice every now and then

while still maintaining healthy eating habits. Incorporating these foods into your diet juiced or not, can still provide many benefits.

These superfoods can have an overwhelmingly positive affect on the energy and overall health of its consumers.

Kale is one of the most nutrient dense foods and also has an abundance of fiber and powerful antioxidants. Ginger is another nutrient rich food that is put into many of these juices; it can work to reduce inflammation and nausea and it is very heart healthy. Beets are used as an anti-inflammatory as well; they are rich with nutrients that help with detoxification, and they have been suggested to reduce tumor formation in the body. So, if you’re not ready to start a cleanse just yet, incorporating some of these foods into your diet may produce some of the same benefits.

Overall, it may become dangerous to put so much pressure on a branch of health that is so newly discovered.

Juice cleansing clearly holds its fair share of positive and negative health effects, but it truly is up to your body in deciding whether or not to follow such a demanding plan.

So, in the interest of spring cleaning, don’t be afraid to try a cleanse, but don’t be afraid to pass one up either.

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FRESH and& FRUITY Citrus Citrus Mimosa Mimosa Spring Mocktails

by Skylar Binney and Kaylee Kinninger

1/2 cup pineapple 1 cup orange juice 1/2 cup lemon Dasani sparkling water

Instructions 1. Mix chilled orange juice, pineapple juice, and lemon Dasani sparkling water together in a pitcher.

2. Pour in champagne glass, serve chilled.

Mint Mojito 1 liter club soda 1 tsp agave or sugar 1 small bunch of mint 2 fresh limes, sliced lengthwise Ice

Instructions 1. Fill glass half way with ice.

2. Fill glass with club soda.

3. Add agave or sugar, stir.

4. Add fresh limes, lightly squeezing and stir.

5. Add 4-5 mint leaves.

6. Garnish with lime wedge and mint leaf.

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Arizona Sunset Ice 1 tbs grenadine 1 cup Sprite soft drink 1 cup orange juice Maraschino cherries and orange slice for garnish

Instructions 1. Place ice in 2 glasses.

2. Add a splash of Grenadine to each glass.

3. In a small pitcher or other container, stir the Sprite and orange juice together.

4. Slowly pour over the Grenadine, dividing the mixture between the two glasses.

5. Garnish with cherries or orange slices.

Sun-Kissed Sangria 1 apple 2 limes 2 lemons 1 orange 1 cup apple juice concentrate 3 cups grape juice 1 cups sparkling water or club soda

Instructions 1. Core the apple and cut it into 8-12 slices.

2. Place the slices in a serving pitcher.

3. Slice the lime, lemon (seed it), and orange and place them in the in pitcher.

4. Juice another lime and lemon and add the juice to the pitcher.

5. Add the apple juice concentrate and grape juice.

6. Immediately before serving, add the spar kling water or club soda and serve over ice.

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CONCUSSIONS: It’s All In your Head It’s no secret that contact sports have grown immensely popular, with dozens of sports channels available on TV dedicated to live games, strategy analysis, and highlight reels of the Top 10 plays of the week. There is a unique thrill that accompanies watching passionate athletes compete diligently for victory.

The animosity, the rivalry, and of course, the physical rigor are what make these sports so enticing. However, it’s no surprise that with such high intensity, these sports can have dangerous consequences. It is nearly impossible to watch a game without seeing a player carried off of the court or field due to injury. Although most injuries such as a broken limb or torn muscle are treated routinely and the athlete is often able to return to playing after a few months, there is one injury that is not so easy to recover from: a concussion. It is estimated that between two million to three million sports-related concussions occur in the United States every year, leading the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to conclude that sports concussions in the U.S. have reached an epidemic level.

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A concussion is a form of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) that occurs after a blow to the head or significant whiplash. During an impact, the brain is pushed against the inside of the skull which can cause it to bruise. Upon collision, different parts of the brain can move at different speeds producing forces that can stretch and tear nerve tissue. Concussions alter the balance of ions and chemicals in the brain which impairs nerve function and contributes to the loss of consciousness that sometimes occurs with such an injury. Some nerve fibers can recover from concussion, but more severely injured nerve fibers can permanently lose their ability to send signals and communicate with other brain cells. Post-concussion symptoms typically include headaches, dizziness, fatigue, impaired concentration and memory, and an increased sensitivity to light and sound. However, the severity of a concussion varies from case to case, and some people experience more pain and mental hindrances than others.

Although the effects of a single concussion are usually temporary, a child who suffers a concussion is one and a half times more likely to experience another, and those who have had two concussions have a threefold greater risk of enduring the same injury again. The danger of a concussion increases severely upon a secondary injury, especially if the brain has not had sufficient time to fully recover from the first blow. Sustaining another mild traumatic brain injury can cause several different processes that worsen the effects of the previous concussion, such as inflammation in the brain and the production of harmful chemicals called free-radicals. Second-Impact Syndrome is capable of causing life-long impairments, comas, and even death. Recent attention to long-term brain damage linked to multiple concussions among professional football players has prompted a much closer look at how to protect young athletes from similar fates.

The adolescent brain is especially susceptible to concussions. According to the National Athletic Trainers’ Association, sports-related concussions account for more than half of all emergency room visits by children ages eight to thirteen. Unfortunately, concussions have been underestimated for far too long in the sports community by both coaches and athletes who will go to great lengths in order to win, saying that they feel fine just to get back in the game. Often times, pressure comes from the parents, who want their kid put back on the field because they are being scouted by college coaches. Research shows that over 50 percent of high school athletes failed to report concussions they sustained while playing football. It is important to note that, although 47 percent of reported sports concussions occur during high school football, no sport is exempt from the concussion hazard. Brain injuries such

as concussions are especially dangerous because they are “invisible”—it’s all in your head, literally. Unlike a broken arm or sprained knee, there is no cast or crutches for your brain, no observable physical handicap that immediately garners special attention and care from those around you.

Thus, it is crucial that our society prioritizes a more careful and detailed diagnosis process for concussions in order to ensure that proper treatment is received.

Canyon Crest Academy senior, Madison Ma has suffered from four concussions. Dating back to her earlier childhood, Madison has always been an ardent soccer player and fan. Her fierceness and foot skills made her a threat to opposing teams, which on occasion, wasn’t such a good thing. Ma described one particularly significant game in 2011, “I was on a breakaway and took a touch past the goalkeeper, who had slid to stop the ball. I jumped over the keeper, when she reached up and pulled my legs out from under me. I flipped in the air, landed flat on my back, and lost consciousness.” It was in this moment that Madison sustained her first concussion. She actually has no memory of it even happening; her family, who was watching on the sidelines, had to tell her the story. Unfortunately, there weren’t many anti-concussion measures in 2011, and her injury was overlooked. In fact, California’s concussion safety law known as Education Code 49475, which specifies policy for concussed athletes’ return to play, did not become active until January of 2012. This law and other similar legislations across the country followed the framework of a 2009 Washington state measure known as the Zachary Lystedt law. Lystedt, the law’s namesake, suffered a devastating brain injury during a high school football game in 2006. The injury left him on life support for seven days, unable to speak for nine months, and dependent on a feeding tube for two years. “The issue was something people just didn’t talk about,” said Madison, “so no one really knew what to do when I got mine. My parents ended up letting me go back in the game because they didn’t think it was that bad.” Other than losing consciousness, this concussion didn’t leave Ma with many symptoms, so she did nothing to treat it, and continued to play.

As a result of misinformation and a lack of more serious head-injury protocol within the youth sports community, many athletes have been forced to quit the sports they love. It is estimated that one in five high school athletes will sustain a sports concussion during the season. If more serious measures are not implemented to help prevent players from these brain injuries and properly diagnose them when they do occur, the health and success of countless young adults will be jeopardized.

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Concussions by the

NUMBERS

33 percent of all concussions occur during practice

1 in 5 high school athletes will sustain a sports concussion

2001

Boys wrestling

33% 67%

Concussions per 100,000 exposures by sport

150,000 12

19 23 Boys Soccer

33 Womens Soccer

Boys Hockey

Football

76 54

250,000 2009

Across sports, 250,000 concussions were reported to emergency rooms in 2009 for people under age 19, up from 150,000 in 2001.

Pronouns are Past?

by JoeAltaffer “They went to their car.” When looking at this sentence, nothing immediately stands out. However, “they” and “their” is not referring to more than one person, but is actually used as a singular pronoun in place of “he” or “she”. We can proudly say that the 21st century is breaking barriers—grammatical barriers. Due to the already prominent misuse of the pronoun “they,” this transition towards a gender neutral singular pronoun shouldn’t be a tough one in most senses. This change was ultimately proposed by LGBTQ+ movements that aimed towards removing “him” or “her” from the English language.

America has begun opening discussion for the gender-neutral society, leading to movements for gender neutral bathrooms, which is already evident with CCA’s own gender neutral bathroom. This revision to our language is aiming us further towards acceptance and cultural inclusion, and is giving those with gender neutral identities an opportunity to be identified in a grammatically correct way.

According to the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee LGBT Resource Center, “A gender neutral or gender inclusive pronoun is a pronoun which does not associate a gender with the individual who is being discussed.”

This step in grammar is not a completely undiscovered idea, however, as languages like Malay, Tagalog, and Finnish use gender neutral pronouns in their languages. In fact, those who speak Korean and Japanese do not

use pronouns at all, which abandons the need to accommodate gender neutral identities. Even though there is the possibility of creating gender-neutral pronouns in English, we have to consider that English is not formulated in the same way as these other languages. English is constructed in such a way that in order for gender-neutral pronouns to be included, the structure of the language as a whole has to change. The transition to creating a gender-neutral pronoun in the English language may be slightly less complicated though, due to the current existence of the pronoun “they.”

The LGBTQ+ community is igniting change, and different communities, like the university system, have shown interest and have supported the change. College campuses throughout the nation are beginning to acknowledge the recent movement by creating options and opportunities for those of a gender-neutral identity. At Harvard this year, students are able to indicate their preferred gender-neutral pronouns during registration. Also, students applying to schools in the University of California system can choose from six gender identities from an optional question on the application. In addition, the University of Santa Cruz has started to use the term “first years” in place of the term “freshmen.” Schools across the nation are open to the change, and millennials are starting to carve a landscape for the future. Apart from the overall acceptance of the new

gender-neutral pronoun, “they” was officially recognized as a singular pronoun by the American Dialect Society in 2015.

Although gender-neutral pronouns may seem relatively harmless, there is still strong opposition. Bo Watson, a state senator of Tennessee, referred to the topic as a “ridiculous suggestion” and called for state legislators to regulate this trend throughout the university system. Incorporating ways for people to express themselves is an ongoing debate in which many people are still opposed to change across the nation. Even though there are still national oppositions, it’s evident that our own regional community has made important strides. Luckily, our own CCA community has made important strides in the acceptance of gender identity. Whether or not senators or other government officials may see this idea of gender neutrality as “ridiculous,” we have to ensure that CCA embodies progress and creates a comfortable environment for all students, regardless of national opposition.

The use of “they” as a singular pronoun is nothing new to our language, but recent recognition of its legitimacy and grammatical correctness is allowing gender-neutral people to feel acceptance for their identity. Despite some of the opposition this movement has met, the next step in CCA’s road to equality lies in the acceptance of this oh-so-common term.

He She Him Her His They Their Them

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By Skylar Binney Last month, my parents had a sit-down talk with me. During our “family meeting,” it was brought to my attention that I have become “lazy and careless” and “[I] have no priorities.” But alas, this is not my fault. Unfortunately, I am suffering from an inevitable illness: Senioritis. They told me I would lose all motivation. Honestly, I didn’t realize it would be this bad. My condition only worsens with time, but I see hope on the horizon, as I’ll be forced to learn again in a short four months.

For three and a half years, I have studied my a** off. I started as a freshman at the bottom, but now I’m here: second semester senior year. And I freaking love it. Better yet, I am already committed to the school of my choice (check out the college map next issue, just sayin’).

I’m sure you’ve reminisced about how nice it was to be a careless third grader, playing out 14

on the field with your friends. We all have those momentary flashbacks in times of stress, when we realize that we took our childhood for granted.

Well…I’m there again. I have the carelessness of a third grader…plus I can drive…and I’m 18…without a curfew. Basically, life is amazing. To put things in perspective, my biggest dilemma right now is deciding whether or not to get another bedazzled license plate frame even though I’m not taking my car to college.

I only recently recognized the symptoms of senioritis, and I felt the need to share my conclusions with the rest of the world: You get to know your family because of the incredible amount of free time you now have. Also, you feel guilty that they’re paying for college, so you might as well talk to them once in a while.

Signs of Senioritis 1

You call yourself out of an elective, which for me, is sculpture. I’m literally calling myself out of Play-Doh class.

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You procrastinate watching the next episode of the Netflix show that you’re addicted to…which is pathetic considering Netflix is procrastination in itself.

3

You don’t call in your order at Caliente anymore because who cares if you’re late to third period.

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You no longer circle the parking lot for the closest spot but instead settle for a spot in the back because a) you’ve quit your school sports team by now and really need the exercise and b) who cares if you’re late to another class.

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You go home with your phone on 1% battery because you used it for eight hours straight.

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You refuse to carry a binder and instead origami that sh*t to fit in your three-inch Kate Spade bag.

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You don’t try to talk to new people anymore because you’re never going to see any of them again after graduation anyways.

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You re-activate your Pinterest from freshman year to get dorm decoration ideas.

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You have an underlying desire to get boba and scroll through the explore tab on Instagram for three and a half hours.

Honestly… this in itself was too much work, so there is no need for a conclusion. Article over, thanks everyone. #beardown P.S. if you notice any grammatical or spelling errors in this magazine, it’s 10:55pm and I’m super over editing right now so I’m choosing sleep over your grammatical satisfaction. Sorry.

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O G

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Cardiff / Oceanside / Online

Ink’d Throughout the Decades

by Kaylee Kinninger As evident by the increasing popularity of tattoos, this art form no longer represents defiance but rather freedom and independence. Though tattoos were not always socially accepted, they have continually expressed the human condition in ways which the voice could not. Whether a sailor tattooed his knuckles with “Hold Fast” to feel confident or a young feminist tattooed her wrist with a Venus symbol to proclaim her beliefs, these generations of outsiders and fighters have ultimately brought us to an age of cultural awareness. Tattoos are not just marks for the peculiar or symbols of defiance but rather pleas of acceptance and understanding of one’s identity.

Tattoos began to have an influence on American society in 1891 when Samuel O’Reilly’s first electric tattoo machine revolutionized tattoo practices. Now that tattoo artists had the machinery to administer tattoos faster and cheaper, they were able to cater to the lower classes.

Before this new technology, only the upper class had the privilege of decorating their bodies to indicate status—a fad spread by royals like the Prince of Wales who acquired a Jerusalem cross in 1862. But with O’Reilly’s innovation, tattooing catapulted to the extremes: women and men covered head to toe in intricate designs were displayed in freak shows and circuses, and sailors marked their bodies to commemorate their travels and to tie themselves to home.

Sailors tattooed their skin with swallows, anchors, and girls; the swallow meant that the sailor had traveled 5,000 miles and also represented a safe return home, the anchor tattoos were usually stamped with Mom so as to ground the sailors, and the pin-up girls were the only women they would see for months. Superstitious seamen tattooed crosses on their feet to deflect sharks and “Hold Fast” on their knuckles so when rigging the sails their hands would not fail. After decorating their bodies during their travels, sailors came back to the States and often joined circuses and freak shows. During this period, heavily-tattooed people were ostracized and viewed as human oddities, leading people to associate tattoos with savagery rather than artistry.

The 1920s slightly altered the purpose of tattoos as women received what was advertised as a “medical procedure” in which eyebrows, lips, and cheeks were tattooed to enhance facial features. However, with the beginning World War II, men again became the central clientele, receiving tattoos to identify unit and rank, and to distinguish U.S. soldiers from the enemy. Individuals during this time were also inspired by patriotism and decorated their bodies with pin-up girls, the U.S. flag, and the American Bald

Eagle. Due to the popularity of risqué tattoos before WWII, the U.S. Navy decreed men had to censor the naked ladies on their skin or they would be rejected.

This increase in skin identification and body art among military personnel led the art of tattooing to experience an apex of social approval. This time, known as the “Golden Age of Tattooing,” revolutionized the public’s opinion of tattoos, defining this bodily modification as patriotic.

Unfortunately, this embracing attitude toward tattoos ended with the post-WWII era as tattoos began to represent social detachment and deviance; a rise in motor bikers, inmates, ex-cons, and gang members using tattooing for group affiliation diminished society’s acceptance of the art form. The “Dark Age of Tattooing” also led marginalized subcultures such as urban youth and greasers to mark themselves, further defining body art as rebelling against societal standards.

As youth began to break barriers of social conformity and suburban familial structures in the 1960s and 1970s, tattoos became symbolic of independence, self-expression, and group identity. With the uprising of women’s, gay, and peace movements, tattoos experienced a renewal—a renaissance. Women especially began to assert their artistic talents through tattoos, designing more feminine artwork including butterflies and flowers. Japanese-style tattooing also grew in popularity in the Americas due to Sailor Jerry, an influential tattoo artist; the free spirits of the age were drawn to its illusion of movement and spiritual value imbedded in the images such as the koi fish’s symbolic meaning of perseverance.

As a result of this aesthetic value, tattoos entered into the mainstream during the 1980s. Celtic knots rose in popularity due to the increase in pagan religion among youth culture, and tribal style gained attention because of trending punk bands that were drawn to its dramatic detailing.

As members of the Ramones, The Clash, and other punk bands decorated their bodies, they brought social accep-

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tance to bodily decorations.

Generation X melded the different styles of tribal tattoos and produced a blackwork form, often using these designs as an armband around the bicep. Usually these tattoos had no significant meaning to Generation X but were rather for the look and the accentuation of muscle.

On the other hand, Celtic tattoos have meaning. Celtic designs have no beginning or end, allowing for many interpretations of meaning such as the mystery of our spirit and the continued cycles of birth and death. There are also specific types of Celtic designs like the motherhood knot which has two hearts combined. The lack of a beginning or an end symbolizes the endless love between a parent and child. This spread of tattoos into popular culture and its acceptance into mainstream society resulted in a cultural revolution as tattoos became a normalized part of America.

Since the 1990s, increased interest in tattoos has contributed to diversified practices, giving consumers more flexibility with designing their own artwork. The use of other languages to express words of encouragement and hope decorated the youth of the early 2000s. Chinese was used to say love, strength, or courage, and Sanskrit was used for mantras, hymns, or single words like breathe and fearless.

Also, the early 2000s saw a rise in popularity in lower-back tattoos, influenced by celebrities like Britney Spears and the Hilton sisters. The more notorious name for these tattoos is “tramp stamp,” a misogynistic term which does not consider the aesthetic value, the easy-to-cover placement, or the well-aging factor of lower-back tattoos.

Today, the importance of placement has significantly grown. The popular places for guys are shoulder, back, upper arm, lower arm, chest, and the side of the torso. Some popular placements for tattoos on women include feet (especially on the ankle and side of the foot), wrist, back of

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the neck, behind the ear, and the side of the torso. Breast tattoos have also become increasingly popular for women placement wise, usually after a mastectomy. Though tattoos often express experiences and coexist with the identity of a person, some are used to help shape the identity of people. This ability to cover scars from such traumatic surgeries with beauty, art, and life empowers these women and helps them find confidence and strength.

But similarly to the decades before, the “what” still has more importance than the “where.” Today, many choose to mark their bodies to commemorate important landmarks during life such as Angelina Jolie’s coordinates of all her children’s birthplaces and Selena Gomez’s roman numerals which represent her mom’s birth year. Minimalist tattoos are trending, contrasting the intense tattoos of the 1980s and 1990s. These simple and delicate tattoos are appealing to women, drawing in more female clientele than the decades before. Trending tattoo designs amongst both sexes include double exposure, hyper-vibrant, geometric, and single-line tattoos.

Tattoos have allowed for people to represent themselves and express their inner thoughts through an outlet that is more permanent than fashion, piercings, or hair color. This permanent factor draws in people who wish to stand out from the crowd. Even though around forty percent of Americans have tattoos, this art form still defines a person and sets them apart from others due to the uniqueness of the stories each design tells. Tattoos may no longer represent rebellion, but they still identify a person.

If you are considering marking your body, remember that there is a history to this art, a long line of people who have suffered ridicule just for expressing themselves. Do not take it for granted that today most of society has inked the landscape of our culture with the acceptance of tattoos.

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by Hannah Gonzalez

Do’s:

Prepare for the heat! Coachella is in the desert and daily temperatures can easily reach 100 degrees.

-Bring a water bottle -Wear lots of sunscreen -Shades -Take it easy!

-Coachella is a marathon, not a sprint. Pace yourself; you don’t want to burn yourself out on the first day. Sometimes sitting down and listening to bands from a distance is more enjoyable than fighting your way to the front.

Bring a small backpack or fanny pack.

-Fanny packs are socially acceptable here! Struggling to survive in the desert without any of your necessities is going will make for a rough weekend.

Choose your friends wisely.

-You want friends you can count on.

Nothing spoils an expensive music festival like arguing

about who you want to see next.

Stay charged.

-Bring a portable phone charger because you will inevitably want to remember the experience.

Gear up for the bathroom.

-The bathrooms often run out of toilet paper and usually don’t have hand-washing stations so

hand sanitizer is a good idea.

Start your day off right.

-Eat a huge breakfast! Food is expensive and it’s best to wait out the lunch rush hour to avoid

crazy lines.

Comfort is equal to fashion.

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-Coachella is three long days of constant walking and dancing. Nothing will ruin your time faster than blisters on your feet.

Don’ts:

-Be on you phone the whole time!

-Coachella is an amazing experience, and although it is cool to document for mem ories sake, it isn’t cool to film the entire thing. If your snapchat story is over 100 seconds, you’re taking things a little too far. Soak it up! Live in the moment!

-Bring an umbrella for shade.

-It’s obnoxious -Wear a ginormous backpack.

-This can bother the people around you when standing in a crowd.

Personal space doesn’t exist when you’re trying to get as close to the stage where your favorite artist is playing as possible. Large backpacks are also easier to steal from.

-DON’T TAKE ANYTHING FROM A STRANGER (no duh).

-But seriously don’t do it. Unless it’s toilet paper.

Rookie mistake Getting Coachella tickets without finding a place to stay first finding a place to stay.

Finding a place to stay is almost harder than getting a hold of the tickets. Camping passes sell out fast, and hotels are booked early. Don’t procrastinate on finding a place to stay soon after you get your ticket.

Advice from some Coachella Veterans: -Talk to people around you; it’s nice making new friends who are interested in the same things you are.” -Teva Fux (Senior) -“Pick in advance your top artists that you absolutely have to see because some shows conflict. Check out some bands and do a little research on the less well known ones because some of the smaller groups can give the best performances. Also, definitely get a watermelon wedge and try the popsicles from the popsicle stand! ” -Julia Elihu (Senior) -“It’s hotter than you expect so dress like you’re going to be in a sauna.” -Bree Belshin 23

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Hector Gutierrez interview by ronnie simon

There are many aspects of CCA which make it a unique and magical home for its students, from the ever-present hum of ukuleles in the quad to the hand-crafted murals adorning nearly every building. Undoubtedly, the most wonderful part of the school is one particular staff member.

It’s been said not all angels have wings, which I suppose is true...this one rides a golf cart instead. His smile can be seen from a mile away, and his joy radiates throughout campus like pure sunshine. There is a star amongst us, ladies and gentlemen, and let’s be honest, we all fan-girl a little bit when that signature “Holaaaa Amigossss” is cast in our direction. He’s the most popular man on campus, but he’s also quite a mystery. How is it so that the person we love the most, is the one we probably know the least

about? Well, sit down my friends, because it’s about time I give you the scoop on the infamous Hector.

Thirty years ago, Hector Gutierrez came to California from his home in Mexico City. When he arrived, he brought his brother’s certificate by mistake and thus had to use his brother’s name for five years or so, which brought up some conflict later on. Despite having been a resident in the U.S. since 1988, he was not able to get his U.S. citizenship until 2005, which regardless, is something he is very proud of. Before his life in the States, Hector lived with his mother, a single mom raising four kids. Ever since he was a young boy, Hector had big dreams and always took on challenges. “When I was in school, I always liked learning about medicine. I was kind of a sick person; I

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had a lot of health problems so I was around many doctors and nurses. It made me feel touched that someone wanted to help me, so I think my dream job would be a doctor, but that’s pretty hard to do.” Although he’s not fond of needles and blood, he found a great admiration for a career that helps so many people.

On a more realistic note, he said his second choice of expertise would be mechanics. “I started working when I was eight years old. Somehow I liked to fix cars; I loved it. [At one point] I was working in a place for six months fixing cars, and then when I came to the United States, I took a [mechanics] class at a college for six months also.” This was not the only class Hector has taken since living here; three years ago he decided to take some college courses in his free time and is very proud of his knowledge of computers and English. He believes that he has enough knowledge of computers to be able to have a job that works with computers, but he would never want to leave CCA. In addition to working here for twelve years, Hector attributes much of his love and appreciation for this school to a memorable occurrence in his childhood. When Hector was in middle school, he applied for one of the top-ranked schools in his area, much like Canyon Crest Academy.

The school required its prospective students to take an exam in order to qualify for a spot, which was pretty intimidating for young Hector. “For some reason, I didn’t feel like I did very well. When I left the room, I knew I would never have a chance to get in.”

Several days later, the list of accepted students was posted on a bulletin board at his school. Hector started from the end of the list, because he thought to himself, “If I was accepted, I was probably the last one they took.”

Hector read about half of the names at the end of the list and didn’t see his own, so he gave up and went home.

Later that day, his friend called to tell

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him he had heard Hector’s name announced on the local radio station, which had read off all the names of the kids accepted to the prestigious school. Overcome with shock and disbelief, he checked the list the next day, only to find he was on the first page number twenty-six! Hector described this as one of his proudest and most exciting moments. He does not take CCA for granted because he knows what it means to struggle, yet he also knows the value of a great school and education.

One of Hector’s favorite ways to show his spirit for CCA is by attending any and all of the school’s sports events he can. His biggest dilemma, however, is having to choose which to go to, when there are two different games happening simultaneously. “I hate leaving halfway through to go to another game, because the students see me driving away and get sad,” said Hector of the conflicting schedules. “Some of them think I am the good luck charm.” Side note: This myth has been confirmed. Hector does indeed possess some magic powers that have been known to cause victories.

When he’s not watching sports, Hector loves to spend his free time cooking. We’ve all seen Hector on his golf cart, with one hand on the wheel and one hand pouring chili powder on his fruit, so it may not have come as much of a surprise that he has a knack for cooking. He has become an expert in whipping up a mean traditional Mexican meal called Pozole, and hopes that if he ever gets married, which is a dream of his, that the woman will share his love for eating good food.

Although Hector is currently single, he has quite an interesting tale about love. When he was in third grade, each student had to sing in front of the class as part of a project. Unfortunately, Hector suffered from a terrible case of stage fright and was unable to sing on his own. Luckily, however, one of his classmates got up and sang the

song with him. He still remembers this girl to this day and believes that he was in love with her, even though he hasn’t seen her since the last day of elementary school. “She still comes to my mind frequently and I think I am still in love with her, but I don’t know where she is and I can never seem to find her.” After asking an acquaintance from his hometown about her, he did not get the response he was looking for. “The man had told me that one of the sisters had been in a bad relationship with a man. When the husband thought that she was cheating on him, the man killed his wife.” Hector still does not know if this was the girl he is in love with or of it is her sister, but this lady still holds a place in Hector’s heart no matter where she is.

We all may have guessed that Hector is a romantic, due to his genuinely warm nature. However, we would have never suspected that this fivefoot teddy-bear actually has quite the bada** side. Shortly after he moved to America, when Hector was about twenty-five, he joined a martial arts class to build strength and challenge himself. For five years, he trained hard and eventually got his Black Belt. Yep, that’s right; our little angel is basically a ninja. He was notorious at his studio, because he was the only one who was able to do push-ups using just two fingers. In fact, his sensei was so impressed that he had Hector demonstrate this remarkable talent to all the students and their parents, as well as to other teachers. Although he may not be able to whip out a high kick these days, at almost 50 years old, Hector can still do these impressive pushups.

From first glance, Hector may not seem as more than just a friendly face travelling around campus, but as we have learned, there is so much depth to this man when you peel back the layers. Hopefully, you now have a greater respect and appreciation for this butt-kicking, car-fixing heart of gold.

Jamba Juice

Chipotle

Thank You Jesus (Pineapple sherbet, lime sherbet, lemonade)

Burritodilla (Chipotle burrito with a crispy quesadilla-like shell)

San Diego (Orange juice, lemonade, orange sherbet, lime sherbet)

Quesarito (Burrito with a cheese quesadilla shell)

Caribbean Creamer (Passion-mango juice, soy milk, orange juice, froYo, orange sherbet)

In n Out Protein Style (Lettuce wrapped burger) Veggie Burger (A sandwich with only vegetables, no meat no cheese)

Nachos (Self-explanatory but technically not on the menu)

Secret Menus

by Leon Idelchik

The Flying Dutchman (2 Meat patties, 2 slices of sheese, no bun)

Starbucks Neapolitan Frappuccino (strawberries crème frappuccino, chocolate whipped cream) Strawberry Lemonade (Lemonade, strawberry flavoring, blended Ice)

Panera Power Breakfast Egg Bowl w/ Steak Power Chicken Hummus Bowl Power Mediterranean Chicken Salad

Caramel Cookie Bar Frappuccino (Caramel frappuccino, hazelnut syrup, java chips) 27

Zika Virus

By Elliot Cohen With migration comes the spread of new viruses that our immune systems are not capable of protecting us against. In the United States’ recent history, epidemics have affected mass groups depending on the disease. The 20th century had its first epidemic in 1918 when waves of mutating Spanish Flu (influenza) viruses swept the military lines of World War I. This wave met the civilian population as soon as troops came home from war. A few decades later, the polio epidemic spread rampantly throughout the country. This disease sparked enough fear nationwide that the U.S. government prohibited inter-city travel. The most recent contagion, Zika, is now on the brink of becoming a viral disease as well.

Zika’s effects are categorized as microcephaly.

The most recognizable symptom of microcephaly is the birth defect of a below average size head, which is caused by failure of the brain to grow at a normal rate. Microcephaly has affected 25,000 newborns in the U.S. each year without being linked to the Zika virus, but is now being widely spread throughout South America. Just as mosquitos spread Malaria through the highlands of Africa, Zika is carried by these blood-sucking insects and is being viciously spread through South America.

The U.S. population has seen a rude awakening with the growth of the next potential epidemic. New York Times reporter Justin Gillis mentions, “The global public health emergency involving deformed babies emerged [just as] the hottest year in the historical record, with an outbreak in Brazil of a disease transmitted by heat-loving mosquitoes. Can that be a coincidence?” It may very well be possible that hot weather is contributing to the spread of Zika, which is critical for America if our hot conditions continue.

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Canyon Crest Academy student, Ethan Ettouati, has had the opportunity to work with the Zika virus during his internship at UCSD. Ettouati first became interested in studying the virus when he was learning about MRSA (bacteria that is infectious to humans) and happened upon a publication about the effects of Zika. The team of scientists have been working towards research in regards to the various ways Zika can be spread and the effects that accompany the virus. Through his research at the University, Ethan learned that “many people don’t know that Zika can be spread through sexual contact.” Ethan also continued to learn that even though Zika’s main side effect is birth defects, those who have the virus also suffer from the same symptoms of the flu. American medical companies are working as hard as they can to help with stopping the spread of Zika after the Summer Olympics.

The United States government is becoming cautious of the spread of Zika throughout the remainder of 2016. In August, Brazil will be hosting the Summer Olympics and as many as 200,000 American spectators and athletes are expected to travel to South America. Their arrival back to the states is risky due to the high possibility of them attracting Zika and spreading it. Brazilian researchers believe the virus was brought to their country by spectators from around the world, who showed up for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. Since the event two years ago, approximately 1.5 million people have contracted the virus. Olympic officials are currently preparing for the summer by ensuring that no open bodies of water are available for the mosquitoes to thrive on and by equipping all stadiums and facilities with a plethora of mosquito repellent. Although the measures in place are not too extensive, it is still a step in the right direction.

Preparation for College.

Learning for Life.

Since 1987.

Following Summa Education’s closing, we‘ve been inundated with phone calls and emails regarding our spring and summer test prep programs. In light of recent events, we would like to invite you to join us at Elite Educational Institute in Pacific Highlands Ranch.

Why choose Elite? Well, aside from the extensive teaching experience of our faculty and the top-notch credentials of our educational consultants, our team of 10+ curriculum developers has been aggressively developing our new educational materials and lessons for the redesigned SAT over the past 12 months. Our curriculum is shared among Elite’s 47 branches worldwide, and the data we gather by analyzing the weekly results of Elite’s thousands of students allows us to keep our lessons consistently updated, helping to make our stellar test prep programs even better.

Our classes aren’t about gimmicks or quick fixes that promise to prepare students for every test at the same time.

While the redesigned SAT does bear a greater resemblance to the ACT than the previous version, we’ve heard some false claims from other local test prep academies that the two tests are “90% alike.” By our measure, this is simply not true. The presence of the ACT science section alone constitutes a major contrast with the new SAT, not to mention a number of other significant qualitative differences. Such hybrid SAT/ACT programs may seem like an efficient solution, and they may even work for students who start with higher diagnostic test scores; however, we take pride in carefully and deliberately teaching the details of each test and in our proven track record of helping all students score higher, whatever their starting scores may be.

Trust, equal opportunity, and world-class academic instruction: they mean everything to us. We’re here for your students, no matter how tests may change, no matter what storms may come. For the last 27 years, we’ve helped thousands of students and parents reach their academic goals. We hope you’ll trust us with yours.

Elite Educational Institute 5969 Village Way, Suite E203 San Diego, CA 92130 (858) 720-0808 | sandiego@eliteprep.com www.eliteprep.com

High Bluff Academy We are prepared for

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For years HBA has been a leader in test prep. We felt that ACT was a better measure of students’ ability than the old SAT. Now the revised SAT is very similar to the ACT and our experienced teachers can prepare you for both tests in the same course.

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