UPGRADING SVALBARD! ADDRESSING GLOBAL WARMING AND PERMAFROST THAW AS OPPORTUNITIES
ANNISA SOLIHAH SONTANI
previous episode cool..!
coal!! longyearbyen
Speculating Svalbard barents sea
as a necessity of preserving coal mining industry
beautiful series of mountain contain mineral resources. create unique landscape in vulnerable circumpolar arctic.
Sir, we’re now so popular in europe.. soon, world! thanks svalbard..
...the mining industry has created society
svalbard already so lavish. its coal production way behind USA, the biggest one.
in mainland...
the industry developed. the land were being more exploited. in the other hand, it contribute some revenue for nation.
we need coal from svalbard!
Let’s have another exploitation
meanwhile, many people opposed coal mining regarding to the waste..
clean water
close down mining industry!
clean air
in the same time, restricted areas are established as a way to taking care of environment..
I am fly ash
tourism..
damaging landscape
no need to close down mining industry, yet.
opportunity for researher
his habitat ...CO2 from coal mining process trigger global warming
...they can still walk together
CONTINUED..
Global warming gives many impacts for many aspects, especially for the environment. The warmer temperature of the earth can trigger ice melting on the surface, particularly in circumpolar area
projected temperature increases by 2090
obviously, carbon fuel utilizing contribute global warming but..
+ 12 °C
future sea ice in september
+ 10 °C
observed sea ice
+ 5 °C
+ 1 °C
we are undoubtly facing the climate change. The temperature of the earth is increasing, resulting ice melt in high latitude
methane can be found in the form of organic compound under the earth it ‘s not dangerous as long as it kept frozen by the frozen ground as we call it permafrost
..in fact CH4, a.k.a methane is more potent than CO2
isolated (17%) sporadic (17%)
permafrost classification and distribution
continuos (47%) discontinuos (19%)
lake
permafrost should has temperature not exceeding 0°C, for at least 2 years unfrozen soil and rock
an ironic potrayal of permafrost thaw in the future, which somehow accelerate global warming regarding CO2 and CH4 released from permafrost
permafrost remain
2000
2090
then, what will happen to the landscape?
Temperature
pipes on the surface regarding ground instability
an evil circle; the more it was, the more it is, the more it’s going
CO2 CH4
structtural damage of the building
Permafrost thaw
hole in ground increase risk of landslides
infrastructure damage ë”explosive” ground from methane released excessive irrigation on poorly drainage soil
moving into svalbard.. its vulnerability should keep the islands “untouched” by humans. it belongs to nature and wildlife.
Svalbard is covered almost entirely by permafrost. The thickness are varies around 100 meters thick in coastal areas and 400-500 meters thick under mountainous area .
meanwhile, in svalbard, it has all components to trigger climate change
2500
sea ice during september
2000
thaw soon?
-2 -3
temperature below 8 meters
-1
Lunckefjell
Longyearbyen
settlements contain coal
Svea
100
Ny Ålesund
500
Barentsburg
1000
number of people involved
1500
-4 longyearbyen
raising air temperature up to 10 °C
-5 -6 -7°C
continuous permafrost
2.94
Production(1billiontonnes)
Exportrate
borehole investigation raised assumption of permafrost thawing possibility
Coalprice (USD/tonne)
0
Turnover&Profitaftertax (NOKbillion)
39
2003
0
2.5
5
0
2.5
5
2.5
5
productivity of coal mining that contribute CO2 emmission
2.9
64
2004
1.47 2005
0
67
opportunity?
2.39 2006
0
2.5
5
72
4.07 2007
0
2.5
5
83
3.43 2008
0
2.5
0.88
5
175
2.64 2009
0
2.5
5
2.5
5
128
1.93 2010
0
131
ICE SEA REMAINS IN THE FUTURE WILL SOMEHOW OPEN UP NEW NORTH-ROUTE
ALASKA
INVESTMENT MAY BOOST IN SVALBARD
CANADA
RUSSIA sea ice
SVALBARD WILL BECOME AN IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL HUB
NEW INTERNATIONAL CIVILIZATION
EUROPE
SHIPPING HUB
SVALBARD TREATY CONCEPTS
PEACEFUL CIVILIZATION AND SAFE ENVIRONMENT
NON-DISCRIMINATION NON-MILITARY ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY
SCIENTIFIC AND HERITAGE TOURIST ATTRACTION
DEVELOPING RESEARCH STATION IN SUSTAINABILITY ENERGY
CLEANER COAL MINING REGARDING PERMAFROST “LEFT OVER”
electricity genration using methane from thawing permafrost
establish cleaner renewable energy
pictures references bulding bytesizebio.net usa today warmalglobing.com churcheswa.com.au e-reful.com earthrelief.wordpress.com stephenleahy.net sustainablechemeng.blogspot.com mpg.de