15 minute read
Introduction 5
from Sustainability Development
by Annzin
In addition, Malaysia is now moving from sustainable development to smart
developmentwheretheoptimizationofICTincityoperations,servicestoconnectwith the citizen and make the city more sustainable and liveable (N. S. Kassim, 2018). (See Figurebelow).
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Figure shows the Urban Planning Evolution (From Garden City to Smart City). city
What are the main objectives of sustainable
government om construction industry? development in Malaysian
ThemainobjectivesofsustainabledevelopmentinMalaysianconstructionindustryisto ensure that the basic needs of the natural resources ie, water, air and power are well takencareandtoprovideabetterlivingwithoutcompromisingthenextgeneration.(F. ShafiiandM.Z.Othman,2008).Thebuildingandconstructionsectorisakeysectorfor sustainabledevelopment,asameanstomitigateglobalwarmingandclimatechange.
The Green Building Mission launched by the Malaysian Government since
2007 is an indication of a promising effort to ensure
sustainable production and delivery of the construction industry products to fulfil these demands. (MalaysiaGBC, 2007).TheconceptofsustainabilityinMalaysiaalsofocusesonthepreservationofthe environmentwhilecriticaldevelopment-relatedissuesaredesignedintoaconstruction project(CIDB,2020).
The “cradle to grave” aspects of building and construction linked from the creation of the materials, logistics and transportation to site, use and disposal of built facilities generate social and economic benefits to the society. However, at the same time constitute negative impacts upon the environment (F. Shafii and M. Z. Othman, 2008). Areas of main concern of sustainable development include energy use with associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, waste generation, construction materials consumption,waterconsumptionandtheirdischarge,andintegrationofbuildingswith other infrastructure and social systems (SBCI-UNEP 2007, van der Putte, 2007). This implies that the construction industry and the building itself, faces an environmental
challenge,greaterthananyotherindustrialsector,inordertobecomemoresustainable inthelongterm.
1.0 initiative & approach sustainable development
“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
1.0 INITIATIVES AND APPROACH OF
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN
MALAYSIA
1.1 Initiatives of Sustainable Development In Malaysia
Therearenumbersofinitiativethathadbeen
done by Malaysian government towards
sustainable development in Malaysia. There
are several main initiatives by the
government towards this sistuinable
developmentthatincludeNinthMalaysiaPlan and Sustainable Development, Tenth
Malaysian Plan,
Development Policy, Malaysia’s National
National Conservation
Policy, Malaysia National Vision Policy, and Malaysia Vision 2020 or “Wawasan 2020” (Saadation et. Al., 2012, Mokthsim & Salleh, 2014,Saadationet.Al,2011)
NinthMalaysiaPlanor “RancanganMalaysiake-9”consideredas a planning blueprint as one of the initiatives by the Malaysian government from year 2006 to 2010. In the Malaysia Plan in conjunctionwiththeninthprincipleIslamHadhari,environment
stewardship continues to be promoted to ensure it is balance betweenthedevelopmentandenvironmentalexist(Saadatianet al.,2012).
Underthisplan,NationalSustainabilityDevelopmenthasbeenstipulatedunderThrust1 that boost the economy by improving the agriculture and agro based industry and also sustainable tourism development toward bringing Malaysia in position as preferred to theglobaltourismdevelopment.Thrust3morefocussingtowardsequitabledistribution ofthebenefiteconomicdevelopmentandfortheThrust4thataimtowardsimprovethe standards and sustainability of Quality of Life Malaysian Citizens (Ismail, 2006). The
aspect of sustainable environmental issue under this Malaysia Plan are
regarding practice of natural management environment that involve soil, water, forest, power and marinesources(Hanifahet.al.,2015)
1.1.2 Malaysia’s National Development Policy
OneoftheeffortsbyMalaysiangovernmenttowardssustainabledevelopmentisthrough Malaysian National Development Policy that started with poverty eradication program since 1993 (EtheRaj, 2018). This national development policy will allow part of the environment that have to develop but still to follow with the sustainable development policy (Shaharudin, 2011). Malaysia’s National Development Policy that aim at
eradicating poverty (Saadatial et al., 2011) and target promoting economic, social and cultural progress through sustainable development aim to maintain the economic
development but at the same time implement environmental and social consideration thatfollowthephilosophyofsustainabledevelopment(Saadatianetal.,2012).
1.1.3 Tenth Malaysia Plan and Sustainable Development
After this issue had been plan in Ninth Malaysian Plan, the
sustainable of development strategies also been
highlighted under Tenth Malaysian Plan 2011-2015. Under Strategy Thrust 4, it is clearly mentioned regarding improving standard and Sustainability of Quality of Life. This include quality of life for Malaysia citizen by providing better access to healthcare,public transport,electricityandwater
This also include economic development based on sustainable principle by develop a climate resilient growth strategy, promote community wellbeing and creating caring society (Ismail, 2006). Besides that, under this Malaysian Plan (2011-2015) the focus on the previous environment issue including preservation of public interest towards
sustainable production practiceespecially on human economic benefitthatinclude attract investor, in renewable energy production, energy savings, solid waste management improving, and preserving forest areas and wild life, adopt clean air action plan including thereductionofcarbongasesinordertoimproveairquality(Hanifahet.al.,2015).
1.1.4 Malaysia National Vision Policy
Malaysia government effort towards the sustainable development are also through
Malaysian National Vision Policy that works as an equitable society through the
development of economic also environment protection towards sustainable requirement (EtheRaj,2018).Thispolicy thatalso called asNVP hadinclude the conceptofsustainable development as encouraging more equitable society, sustain the economic development andpursuingenvironmentprotection(HassanascitedbySaadatianetal.,2012&Saadatian
et al., 2011). Malaysian National Vision Policy 2020 also functioned towards
environmentally sustainable development and it goals are more focusing the
industrialisation,economicgrowth,increasedproductivityandproductionofwealth("The lackofvisionoftheNationalVisionPolicy|SocialWatch",2020)
1.2 Malaysia Sustainable Assessment Approach
Itisalsohadbeendiscussedthatasidetonumbersofinitiativethathadbeendiscussedby numbers of researcher, Malaysia also seen had been conduct sustainable assessment approaches. Some of them are Malaysian Quality of Life Indez (MQLI), Malaysian Urban QualityofLife(MUQL),CompendiumofEnvironmentStatistics,MalaysianUrbanIndicator Network,MalaysiaSustainableDevelopmentApproachesatStateLevelandGreenBuilding Index (GBI) (Saadatian et al., 2012, Saadatian et al., 2011). Below will discuss generally regardingsomeofthemainapproachtaken.
1.2.1 Green Building Index (GBI)
Green building Index (GBI) are one of the most famous assessment tools in building level that aim towards saving energy,
resources, material recycle and suit the
building with Malaysia climate, tradition,
culture and its environment as maintain
the capacity of eco-systems. (Mun as cited asSaadationet.al.,2012).
Under GBI it contains six different rubrics that include energy efficiency, indoor
environmentalquality,sustainablesiteplanningandManagement,Materialandresources, Water and efficiency and Innovation (GBI Malaysia, 2010). The goal of sustainable
development also had been highlighted towards Technological resources, provision basic human needs, control climate change, financial stability, resource
ecologicalqualityimprovementandwastesubsiding(Hussein,2016). efficiency, indoor
1.2.2 Malaysian Quality of Life Index & Malaysia Wellbeing Index 2013 (MWI)
Before Malaysian Wellbeing Index (MWI) hadbeen reformulated in2013,nation’s progress Gross Domestic product (GDP) had used Malaysian quality of Life Index (MQLI). It used 11 components and 45 indicators in capturing sosio-economic ofMalaysia multi ethnic society toreflectqualityoflife(Dalietal.,2017).MQLIfocussingonAirqualityindex,Deforestation, Clean water index, Income, Working life, Transportation and communication, Health,
Education,Housing,Environment,Familylife,Socialparticipation,Publicsafety,andCulture
and leisure (MQLI, 2004). Towards high income economy , Malaysia had enhanced and reformulatedMWIthatcontain2subccmposite,14componentsand68indicatorthatfinaly improvethelevelofwellbeingpopulation(Dalietal.,2017).
1.2.3 Malaysia Urban Quality of Life (MUQL)
SimilartoMalaysianWellbeingIndex2013,thisMalaysiaUrbanQualityofLife(MUQL)also hadbeendevelopedbythEconomicPlanningUnitin2002.Ithadbeenmentionedthatthese
approaches contain of 14 numbers of rubrics that include Income, Working life,
Transportation and communication, Health, Education, Housing, Environment, Family life, Community participation, Public safety, Culture and leisure, Urban service, River quality index,andSolidwastepercapita(MUQL,2002).
1.2.4 Compendium of Environment statistic Malaysia, 2019 Compendium of Environment Statistic Malaysia present statistic on six environment
component that include Environmental Conditions and Quality; Environmental Resources and their Use; Residuals; Extreme Events and Disasters; Human Settlements and
Environmental Health; and Environmental Protection, Management and Engagement
(Department of Statistic Malaysia, 2019). The statistic from this Compendium of
EnvironmentstatisticMalaysiawereobtainfromsecondarydata,administrative recordand derived statistics (Department of Statistic Malaysia, 2020) and this compilation of the
statisticsincludesenvironmentstateandinformationthatinvolveimpactofhumanactivities
on environment also the action towards minimizing the impact (Department of Statistic
1.2.5 MYCREST
Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) mentioned that Malaysian Carbon
Reduction and Environmental Sustainability Tool (MyCREST) is a five-star success story. With the collaboration with Public Works Department (PWD), CIDB launched MyCREST in 2015, with the aim of increasing the number of green buildings in the country. Under MyCREST, it is mandatory for the building project wrth RM50 millions and above to use MyCREST (New Straits Times, 2018). Through MyCrest it has big potential in reducing
carbonemissionandpromotesustainabilityinthebuiltenvironment(Ohuerietal.,(2019)
1.2.6 MyGHI and pHJKR
JKR had launched MyGHI and pHJKR that applied road green rating sytems where each of them
targeting toward highway (MyGHI) and Road for non-tolled highway (pHJKR) (Adzar et. al., 2019). The objective of this
measurement tolls for approach are to be a
the sustainability of the
government project and development by targeting improvementfromtimetotime.
Advanatges that had been discuss for this approach are also decrease the use of natural resources, reduce fossil fuels, reduce carbon footprint, lessen water consumption, reduce gasemissionandpreservenaturalhabitats(Zainolet.al.,2017)
1.2.7 MyHijau
One of the main efforts currently being undertaken is the introduction of
green procurement that is part of the government’s MyHijau initiative highlighted in Malaysian economic planning program. Previous studies have found that this concept of green procurementisstillverynewtotheMalaysianconstructionindustryandaccordinglyhave sought to address the low levels of knowledge in this area (Bohari, 2017). If the
implementationof MyHijauisfollow asthe plan, greenprocurementareconsideredasan effectivetoolstowardssustainableapproach(Alqadami,2020)
2.0 issues & challenges sustainable development
2.1 Issue on Malaysia’s Effort toward achieving Sustainable Development:
2.1 What are the Sustainable Development issues in Malaysia?
Kuala Lumpur in 1960.
Kuala Lumpur in 2020. Since achieving independent in
1957’s, Malaysiahasgrownupandcontinuouslydoing
a development in order to achieve their
mission to become a develop
even more drastically during the
year Malaysia’s4th PrimeMinister,TunDr.Mahathir Mohamed where he has invoke the Mission
Wawasan2020’
evenhealsonamelyas ‘Bapa Pembangunan Malaysia’.Malaysia hasbecome as one of ASEAN country that achieving their development target, but while we are eagerly
making adevelopment,Malaysia remainmake
an effort to preserve their surrounding
terms of environmental aspects from
eradication.
2.1.1 Environmental Degradation Issues
Environmental degradation has become the main issues in Malaysian environmental
issues.ResearchedmadebySahabatAlamMalaysia,thenon-profitorganization,duetothe massive developments in Malaysia, sustaining high growth rates does not equate to
sustainabledevelopmentandleadtoMalaysianenvironmentoutofbalance.
The mega-projects initially disturb the natural balance of water catchment zones, riddles hills slope with unstable soils, erodes our natural heritage, compromises the quality of waterandair.
Deforestation for Oil Palm plantation
2.1.1 Unstoppable Environment Pollution Issues
achieving sustainable developments goals, but up to today the environment pollution in related to development are yet to stop andbeenresolve. Source: https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnists/2019/0 5/492177/corporate-malaysia-must-embrace-unglobal-goals
As you can see in news reported daily,
Selangor are the most affected state in
Malaysia that frequently facing with water irresponsible industries and parties. The
greediness sufferers. has lead a million people Even
though policies and
Malaysia has a series
plans that contribute
of
to
disruption due to water pollution by the
Bauxite mining Balok,Pahang.
lead to river pollution in Sungai
2.1.1 Lacking of understanding and awareness
We believe education also play a major role to spread the awareness and understanding on the sustainable developments. Although Malaysia are yet to achieve the ‘sustainable development’ country, but we believe by
implementing the understanding of
SD’s conceptinallrangeofeducationslevel,might
create the
generation. awareness from our young
SUNWAY Education Group committed the Saving Mother Earth campaign among their students and publicawareness.
2.2 Challenges on Malaysia’s Effort toward achieving Sustainable Development:
The Malaysian has put extra effort in addressing their poverty and balancing their lifestyle but tremendous continuation of current development strategies by Government will not suffice to achieve sustainable development. Economic and social progress remains uneven leads to financial crisis has revealed the fragility of development. While we were busy on development of less needed infrastructure, Malaysian themselves struggle to make ends meet.
Current development of this nation has shown struggling to meet the needs of
present generation surely will compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Besides, we are facing lack of financial resources to carry out and
plan sustainable development. It’s often unlikely to happen as there are other
priorities on their hand. The government administration conflict between fast profit
and long investment towards sustainable. In Malaysia, the government has even
increased financing towards the mining sector instead of looking for affordable sustainable energy resources, with oil gas towards 90% of total energy
generation in this country. These measures are thought to been implemented as a
move to win votes in the Borneo of Malaysia by giving sales profit to them.
2.2 Challenges on Malaysia’s Effort toward achieving Sustainable Development:
Apartfromenvironmentallyissuecurrentlysuffering,therearealsoanumberofsocialissues in Malaysia that urgently required attention. It was call Social Inequalities. It is vital to comprehendthateveryinequality,nomatterhowsmallitwasdeservingattention.Oneofthe most obvious social inequalities in this country is the corruption rampant among politicians. Corruptionisconventionallyunderstood,andreferredto,asprivatewealth-seekingbehaviour of someone who represents the authority. It is the misuse of public goods by public officials forprivategains.Insimpleterms,corruptionmaybedescribingasanactofbriberyortheuse ofpublicpowerforprivateprofitsinathatconstitutesabreachoflaworadeviationfromthe
normsofsociety(Amundsen,2000).
Social,economicandenvironmentalchallengesexertdirectandindirecteffectsoncityandthe livesofpeopleindevelopingnation.Thechallengesincludesecuringthenecessaryresources forinvestmentinpublicinfrastructure,renewablesourcesofenergywhichismostunlikelyto happen. We also facing challenge in today’s era of pandemic which is to create decent employmentforlargeurbanpopulationsthatareunderemployedandhavinglimitedaccessto goodhousingconditions,clearairandwater,efficientpublictransportandschool.
2.2 Challenges on Malaysia’s Effort toward achieving Sustainable Development:
Upper middle income and high-earner cities with urban populations thatalready haveall access to basic public services facing the challenge of becoming more efficient in system. GrowthofcitiessuchasKlangValley,JohorBahruandPulauPinanghasoftengonehandin handwithanincreaseduseofnaturalresourcesandecologicalsystem,drivenbyeconomic growth and economic structure changes. Through out these years since Malaysia Independence, economical structure has changes in terms of a shift from agriculture to manufacture and right now they are focusing on services which can generate fast money. On top of that, wealthier residents in Damansara, Subang Jaya and Kuala Lumpur greatly contribute to the demand for freshwater from distant ecosystem. It leads to capacity affected and generate significant levels of pollution and green house emissions at state levels..
Apart from that, they face challenges to maintain sustainable cities in term of
ageing, food insecurity and climate change. For time being, they have to reduce the impact on livelihoods by reducing
resources for adaptation of global carbon emissions and generate financial
climate change. At same time, prepare
alternative way to improve access to food supply by increasing productivity of country area which nearby urban city. As citizen of this beloved country, we have
to create policy space for inclusive development; to reduce underemployment,
promote economic diversity and create productive employment for older citizen in order for them to give back to society based on their experiences. .
3.0 prospect of Malaysian effort towards sustainable development
3.0 PROSPECTS
DEVELOPMENT ON MALAYSIA'S EFFORTS TOWARD ACHIEVING A SUSTAINABLE
Malaysia planning timeline
Malaysia’splanningsystemhasbeeninplacesince1956.Thecurrentlong-termplan,adopted in 1991, is entitled Vision 2020. It aims to make Malaysia a high-income country by 2020. As the completion of Vision 2020 draws near, a new long-term vision, National Transformation 2050,isbeingdevelopedtoguideMalaysiaforthenext30years.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
InSeptember2015,Malaysiahasexpressedcommitmentalongwith193othercountriesto supportandimplementthe2030AgendaandSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)atthe UnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyinNewYork.TheSDGsofficiallyknownasTransforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, sets out an ambitious plan of actionforpeople,planet,prosperity,peaceandpartnershipwiththeobjectiveofleavingno onebehind.
The SDGs are a set of 17 Goals and 169 Targets which include poverty, hunger and food security, health, quality education, gender equality, water and clean sanitation, economic growth and urban city, responsible production and consumption, climate change and
biodiversity.Inordertoachievetheseagenda,Malaysiahasbeenproactiveinimplementing the2030Agendanationally.
The Government's commitment to this sustainable development agenda are transpired through the Mid-Term Review of the 11th Malaysia Plan (11th MP) which was presented
recently.Inthisregard,thecommitmenttoAgenda2030forSustainableDevelopmenthas beenalignedwiththestrategiesandinitiativesofthe11thMalaysiaPlan.
The Eleventh Malaysia Plan
The 11MP also gives a greater focus on the effectiveness of implementation with clear strategies, initiatives and outcomes. Project management will be enhanced for better and fasteroutcomes,publicsectorinstitutionswillberationalisedforgreaterproductivityand performance,andservicedeliverywillbeimprovedwithcitizensatthecentre.
Six strategic thrusts areidentifiedtoaddressthenation’schallengesandopportunitiesof the fast-changing global landscape. They also aim to comprehensivelyaddress the end-toendneedsofthepeopleandthenation,asfollows
Enhance inclusiveness towards an equitable society
• to ensure all Malaysians benefit from economic growth regardless of gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status, or geographic location.
Improve the well-being for all to promote a socially advanced Malaysia with healthy individuals and happy households, living in cohesive and united communities.
Accelerate human capital development for an advanced nation to improve labourproductivity, deliver a higher-skilled workforce, and create a virtuous cycle of job creation, growth and social development.
Pursue green growth for sustainability and resilience to ensure “green growth” will be a way of life and lead to strengthened food, water, and energy security; lower environmental risks; and ultimately, better well-being and quality of life.
Re-engineer growth for greater prosperity to ensure quality growth and international competitiveness. All economic sectors will migrate towards more knowledge-intensive and high value-added activities with greater productivity.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Malaysia has continuously embraced sustainable development in the national agenda. In this regard, the commitment to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda) has
been mapped with the Eleventh Plan to align strategies and initiatives to support the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The first phase of a roadmap is being developed to
provide guidance for the smooth implementation of the 17 SDGs. The roadmap takes into account the nation’s capacities and capabilities in achieving the identified goals and targets of
the 2030 Agenda. The mapping of the SDGs to the Eleventh Plan strategic thrusts is as shown
Prospect on sustainable development based on six pillars in Eleventh Malaysia Plan
Pillar I: Reforming Governance towards Greater Transparency and Enhancing Efficiency of Public Service One of the main focus areas to improve governance as well as uphold accountability and transparency in the Government administration. Bold and effective measures will be implemented to drive the reform agenda towards strengthening check and balance mechanism at all levels to regain the trust and confidence of the rakyat. In this regard, initiatives pertaining to four priority areas, namely improving governance at all levels, elevating integrity and accountability, enforcing prudent public finance management and enhancing public service delivery will be undertaken.
Improving governance at all levels
Strengthening check and balance mechanism Improving relationship between Federal, state and local governments Reforming the political system
Elevating integrity and accountability
Enhancing anti-corruption agenda Improving transparency Inculcating noble values and ethical work practices
Enforcing prudent public finance management
Improving the budgeting system Enhancing procurement management Strengthening performance management, monitoring and evolution framework
Reforming public sector institutions
Reforming public sector institutions Redesigning public services Empowering local authorities Pillar II: Enhancing Inclusive Development and Wellbeing
The implementation of inclusive development will be enhancedtobringgreaterprosperityandwellbeingto all Malaysians. Underpinned by the emphasis on growth with equity, this implementation will provide an equitable opportunity for the rakyat to participate and benefit from the economic growth and inclusive development. Meanwhile, efforts will be intensified to improve the wellbeing of the rakyat through various measures. This will be achieved through two priority areas, namely enhancing inclusiveness towards an equitablesocietyandimprovingwellbeingforall.
Enhancing inclusiveness towards an equitable society
Raising the income and purchasing power of B40 households Enhancing Bumiputera Economic Community (BEC) Empowering minority groups Addressing the needs of specific target groups
Improving wellbeing for all
Increasing purchasing power for all Providing quality and affordable housing Enhancing the healthcare delivery system Making the nation safer and secure Promoting noble values and active lifestyle Addressing the needs of specific target group
