Pag 1
NOMBRE: Menfil Antonio Gabriel Gonzรกlez
MAESTRA: Melina Chivichon
GRADO: 4to.
SECCION: C
CURSO: Ingles
CARRERA: Bachillerato en Medicina
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Indice 1.________________________________________ caratula 2________________________________________indice 3_____________________________________ presen simple 4____________________________________simple past 5____________________inrregular and regular verbs 6__________________________ GrafĂa
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Present Simple When we talk about the different tenses, we need to talk about how to form the tense and when we use it. Therefore, in this lesson, as with all other tenses lessons, we will look at the structure and use. Grammatical Rules (orks rules) Form (Form) To orksoe the present simple we use the infinitive for subject “I”, “you”, “we” and “they” and for another “he”, “she” and “it”, we add a “-s” to end of the verb. Sujeto
Conjugación
I, you, we, they
talk, eat, learn, do, go…
he, she, it
talks, eats, learns, does, goes…
Note: There are exceptions of spelling in the third person, according to the letter verb ending. The rules are the same as those used to form the plural of nouns.Sujeto + verbo. Examples I talk. (Yo hablo.) He eats. (Él come.) They learn. (Ellos aprenden.)
2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas) Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to do) + auxiliar negativo (“not”) + verbo. Ejemplos: I do not [don’t] talk. (Yo no hablo.) He does not [doesn’t] eat. (Él no come.) They do not [don’t] learn. (Ellos no aprenden.) Note: In negative sentences, the auxiliary verb (“to do”) changes and the main verb is in the infinitive.
3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas) Verbo auxiliar (to do) + sujeto + verbo principal? Ejemplos: Do you talk? (¿Hablas tú?) Does he eat? (¿Come él?) Do they learn? (¿Aprenden ellos?) Note: As in negative sentences, interrogative sentences in the auxiliary verb (“to do”) changes and the main verb is in the infinitive.
Uses (Applications) 4. The present tense is used to talk about things that usually happen. Unlike the Spanish, the simple present is not used to talk about something that is happening at the orkso in which we speak. It is typically used with the present simple adverbs of time: always (siempre), every day (cada día), usually (normalmente), often (a menudo), sometimes (a veces), rarely (raramente), hardly ever (casi nunca), never (nunca)… Ejemplos: I always talk to my mother on Sunday. (Siempre hablo con mi madre el domingo.) He never eats vegetables. (Nunca come las verduras.) They usually learn something new in class. (Normalmente aprenden algo nuevo en la clase.) Exception: Time adverbs go before the verb, except the verb “to be” (ser / estar). When “to be” used the verb goes before the adverb. Examples: I am always happy. (Siempre estoy contento.) He is often sick. (A menudo él está enfermo.) They are rarely late. (En raras ocasiones llegan tarde.) 2. Se utiliza para hablar de generalidades o hechos científicos.
Ejemplos: He does not [doesn’t] eat vegetables. (Él no come verduras.) She orks in a hospital. (Ella trabaja en una hospital.) Elephants live in Africa. (Los elefantes viven en África.) Bogota is in Colombia. (Bogotá está en Colombia.) Do children like animals? (¿Les gustan a los niños los animales?) Adults do not [don’t] know everything. (Los adultos no lo saben todo.) 3. Se usa para eventos programados en el futuro próximo. Ejemplos: The train leaves at 10:00. (El tren sale a las 10h.) The party is tonight. (La fiesta es esta noche.) Does the festival start tomorrow? (¿Empieza el festival mañana?) The plane does not [doesn’t] arrive today. (El avión no llega hoy.) 4. Se usa para instrucciones (el imperativo). Ejemplos: Open the window. (Abre la ventana.) Eat the vegetables. (Come las verduras.) Don’t cry. (No llores.) Do your homework. (Haz los deberes.) Call your mother. (Llama a tu madre.)
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Past Simple There are many ways to talk about the past in English, but the simple past is the most common form. The simple past tense in English is equivalent to the indefinite imperfect and past tense of the Spanish past. We use the past simple to complete actions in the past. The time period of these actions is not important as in Spanish. In the past simple and there are regular verbs irregular verbs.Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales) Form (Forma) To form the past simple regular verbs, we use the infinitive and add the ending “-ed”. The form is the same for everyone (I, you, he, she, it, we, They). Examples: want → wanted learn → learned stay → stayed walk → walked show → showed Excepciones: 5. Para verbos que terminan en una “e”, sólo añadimos “-d”. Ejemplos: change → changed believe → believed 2. If the verb ends in a short vowel and a consonant (except “and” or “w”), we oung the consonant final.Ejemplos: Ejemplos: stop → stopped
commit → committed 3. Con verbos que terminan en una consonante y una “y”, se cambia la “y” por una “i”. Ejemplos: study → studied try → tried Note: There are many irregular verbs in English. Unfortunately, there is no established standard for train. See a list of irregular verbs here. Then you have the three most common irregular verbs and acting as auxiliary verbs.Verb Past simple be
was (I, he, she, it)
were (you, we, they) do
did
have
had
Pronunciation (pronunciation) We pronounce the ending “-ed” differently depending on the letter that the end of the infinitive. In general the “e” is silent. 6. infinitives ending in “p”, “f”, “k” and “s” (voiceless consonants except “t”) pronounce the ending “-ed” as a “t”. Examples: Looked [lukt] Kissed [Kisst] 2. infinitives ending in “b”, “g”, “l”, “m”, “n”, “v”, “z” (voiced consonants except “d”) or a vowel, we pronounce only “d”. Ejemplos: yelled [jeld] cleaned [klind] 3. Con los infinitivos que terminan en “d” o “t”, pronunciamos la “e” como una “i”.
Ejemplos: ended [endid] waited [weitid] Structure (Estructura) 7. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas) Sujeto + verbo principal…
Ejemplos:
She was a doctor. (Era doctora.) The keys were in the drawer. (Las llaves estaban en el cajón.) I wanted to dance. (Quería bailar.) They learned English. (Aprendieron inglés.) We believed him. (Le creímos.) I bought a blue car. (Compré un coche azul.) 2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas) To be: Sujeto + “to be” + “not”… Ejemplos: She wasn’t a doctor. (Ella no era doctora.) The keys weren’t in the drawer. (Las llaves no estaban en el cajón.) Nota: El verbo “to have got”, que en el presente simple sigue las mismas reglas que el verbo “to be”, no puede ser utilizado en el pasado. Para indicar la posesión en el pasado, usamos el verbo “to have”. Todos los verbos demás: Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to do) + “not” + verbo principal (en infinitivo)… Ejemplos: I didn’t want to dance. (No quería bailar.) They didn’t learn English. (No aprendieron inglés) We didn’t believe him. (No le creímos.)
I didn’t buy a blue car. (No compré un coche azul.) Nota: En frases negativas, el verbo auxiliar va en pasado (“did”) y el verbo principal se queda en el infinitivo. 3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas) To be: “To be” + sujeto…?
Ejemplos: Was she a doctor? (¿Era doctora?) Were the keys in the drawer? (¿Estaban las llaves en el cajón?) Todos los demás verbos: Verbo auxiliar (to do) + sujeto + verbo principal (en infinitivo)…? Ejemplos Did you want to dance? (¿Querías bailar?) Did they learn English? (¿Aprendieron inglés?) Did you believe him? (¿Le creíste?) Did you buy a blue car? (¿Compraste un coche azul?) Nota: Al igual que en las frases negativas, el verbo auxiliar va en pasado (“did”) y el verbo principal se queda en el infinitivo. Uses (Usos) 8. El pasado simple se utiliza para hablar de una acción concreta que comenzó y acabó en el pasado. En este caso equivale al pretérito indefinido español. Generalmente, lo usamos con adverbios de tiempo como “last year”, “yesterday”,“last night”… Ejemplos: Tom stayed at home last night. (Tom se quedó en casa anoche.) Kate worked last Saturday. (Kate trabajó el sábado pasado.) I didn’t go to the party yesterday. (No fui a la fiesta ayer.) Did they walk to school this morning? (¿Han andado a la escuela esta mañana?) 2. Se usa el pasado simple para un serie de acciones en el pasado. Ejemplos:
I received the good news and immediately called my husband. (Recibí la buena noticia y llamé de inmediato a mi marido.) He studied for an hour in the morning, worked all afternoon and didn’t returnhome until 10 at night. (Estudió durante una hora por la mañana, trabajó toda la tarde y no regresó a casa hasta las 10 de la noche.) 3. También lo usamos para acciones repetidas o habituales en el pasado, como se usa el pretérito imperfecto español.
Ejemplos:
We always traveled to Cancun for vacation when we were oung. (Siempre viajábamos a Cancun durante las vacaciones cuando éramos jóvenes.)
He walked 5 kilometers every day to work. (Caminaba 5 kilómetros hasta el trabajo cada día.) 4. Lo usamos para narraciones o acciones de períodos de largo tiempo en el pasado, como el pretérito imperfecto español. Ejemplos: I worked for many years in a museum. (Trabajaba en un museo durante muchos años.) She didn’t eat meat for years. (No comía carne durante años.) 9. Se utiliza para hablar de generalidades o hechos del pasado. Ejemplos: The Aztec lived in Mexico. (Los aztecas vivían en México) I played the guitar when I was a child. (Tocaba la guitarra cuando era niño.)
Pag 5
verbos irregulares INFINITIVO
PASADO
PARTICIPIO
SIGNIFICADO
arise
arose
arisen
Elevarse, surgir, originarse.
awake
awoke
awoken
Despertar, mover, excitar.
bear
bore
born
Soportar, sostener, tolerar.
beat
beat
beaten
Batir,revolver, golpear, vencer.
become
became
become
Hacerse,tornarse,convertirse en.
begin
began
begun
Empezar, iniciar.
bend
bent
bent
Doblar, inclinar, torcer.
bet
bet
bet
Apostar
bind
bound
bound
Atar, unir, enlazar.
bite
bit
bitten
Morder.
blow
blew
blown
Soplar
break
broke
broken
Quebrar, partir, romper.
bring
brought
brought
Traer, llevar, conducir.
build
built
built
Construir, edificar.
burn
burnt
burnt
Quemar, incendiar.
burst
burst
burst
Romper, reventar.
buy
bought
bought
Comprar
catch
caught
caught
Coger, asir, atrapar.
choose
chose
chosen
Escoger, elegir.
cling
clung
clung
Asirse, adherirse, pegarse.
come
came
come
Venir
cost
cost
cost
Costar
creep
crept
crept
Arrastrarse,deslizarse, pegarse.
cut
cut
cut
Cortar, dividir.
deal
dealt
dealt
Tratar, tener que referirse.
dig
dug
dug
Cavar, ahondar.
do
did
done
Hacer, ejecutar.
draw
drew
drawn
Tirar, arrastrarse, atraer, dibujar.
drink
drank
drunk
Beber
drive
drove
driven
Impulsar, conducir, llevar, inducir.
fall
fell
fallen
Caer, disminuir.
feed
fed
fed
Alimentar, nutrir.
feel
felt
felt
Sentir, percibir, tocar.
fight
fought
fought
Pelear, combatir.
find
found
found
Encontrar, descubrir.
find out
found out
found out
Averiguar, investigar.
flee
fled
fled
Escapar, huĂr, evitar.
fly
flew
flown
Volar
forbid
forbade
forbidden
Prohibir.
foresee
foresaw
foreseen
Prever, prevenir
forget
forgot
forgotten
Olvidar (se)
forgive
forgave
forgiven
Perdonar
freeze
froze
frozen
Congelar
get
got
got (ten)
Lograr, obtener, conseguir.
give
gave
given
Dar, conceder.
go
went
gone
Ir (se), funcionar, resultar.
grind
ground
ground
Moler, triturar.
grow
grew
grown
Crecer, cultivar.
hang
hung
hung
Colgar, Suspender.
have
had
had
Tener, haber.
hear
heard
heard
OĂr, escuchar.
hide
hid
hid (den)
Ocultar, encubrir.
hit
hit
hit
Pegar, golpear, acertar.
hold
held
held
Sostener,mantener,contener.
hurt
hurt
hurt
Herir, daĂąar, lastimar.
keep
kept
kept
Mantener,guardar,conservar.
know
knew
known
Conocer, saber.
lay
laid
laid
Poner, colocar.
lead
led
led
Guiar, llevar, conducir.
lean
leant
leant
Inclinar(se), apoyarse.
learn
learnt
learnt
Aprender, saber.
leave
left
left
Partir, irse, abandonar.
lend
lent
lent
Prestar
let
let
let
Permitir, conceder.
lie
lay
lain
Tenderse, descansar, estar, situado.
light
lit
lit
Alumbrar, iluminar, encender (se).
lose
lost
lost
Perder, malgastar.
make
made
made
Hacer, confeccionar, producir.
mean
meant
meant
Significar,querer decir pretender.
meet
met
met
Encontrarse, satisfacer.
melt
melted
molten (old)
Derretir(se), fundir(se).
mistake
mistook
mistaken
Equivocarse, comprender mal, errar
misunderstand
misunderstood
misunderstood
Entender mal.
overcome
overcame
overcome
Vencer, superar, sobreponerse.
pay
paid
paid
Pagar, recompensar.
put
put
put
Poner,colocar, exponer.
read
read
read
Leer,descifrar, marcar.
rebuild
rebuilt
rebuilt
Reconstruir
rid
rid
rid
Librarse, zafarse.
ride
rode
ridden
Rodar, tener juego, funcionar.
ring
rang
rung
Tocar, sonar.
rise
rose
risen
Ascender,elevarse,levantarse, surgir.
run
ran
run
Correr, funcionar.
saw
sawed
sawn
Cortar con sierra, aserrar.
say
said
said
Decir, afirmar.
see
saw
seen
Ver, observar.
seek
sought
sought
Buscar, solicitar.
sell
sold
sold
Vender
send
sent
sent
Enviar
set
set
set
Instalar, establecer, colocar, fijar.
shake
shook
shaken
Sacudir, lanzar, agitar.
shed
shed
shed
Derramar, esparcir, dejar caer.
shine
shone
shone
Brillar, relumbrar, sobresalir.
shoot
shot
shot
Disparar, emitir, lanzar.
show
showed
shown
Mostrar, excibir, probar, demostar.
shrink
shrank
shrunk
Encogerse, disminuir, desaparecer.
shut
shut
shut
Cerrar, impedir, excluír.
sing
sang
sung
Cantar
sink
sank
sunk
Hundir, sumergir
sit
sat
sat
Sentarse, reunirse.
sleep
slept
slept
Dormir
slide
slid
slid(den)
Resbalar, deslizarse, escabullirse.
smell
smelt
smelt
Oler, percibir.
speak
spoke
spoken
Hablar, decir.
speed
sped
sped
Acelerar, apresurarse.
spend
spent
spent
Gastar, consumir, emplear (tiempo).
spill
spilt
spilt
Derramar, verter, divulgar.
spin
spun
spun
Tornear, hilar, hacer girar.
split
split
split
Partir, dividir, separar, reventar.
spoil
spoilt
spoilt
Deteriorar, dañar, inutilizar.
spread
spread
spread
Extender, esparcir, propagar.
spring
sprang
sprung
Saltar, soltar, brotar, surgir.
stand
stood
stood
Pararse, tolerar, estar (de pié).
steal
stole
stolen
Robar, escabullirse.
stick
stuck
stuck
Pegar, adherirse, prender, fijar.
stink
stank
stunk
Oler mal, apestar.
strike
struck
struck
Golpear, pegar, estallar.
swell
swelled
swollen
Hinchar, inflamar, engrosar.
swim
swam
swum
Nadar, flotar.
swing
swung
swung
Balancera(se), hacer girar.
take
took
taken
Tomar, llevar.
teach
taught
taught
Ense単ar
tear
tore
torn
Romper, despedazar, rasgar.
tell
told
told
Decir, contar, narrar.
think
thought
thought
Pensar, creer.
throw
threw
thrown
Lanzar, tirar, impeler, arrojar.
thrust
thrust
thrust
Introducir con violencia, empujar, impeler
undergo
underwent
undergone
Sufrir, experimentar, pasar por.
understand
understood
understood
Comprender.
undertake
undertook
undertaken
Emprender, comenzar algo.
undo
undid
undone
Desarmar, deshacer.
wake
woke
woke (n)
Despertar, excitar.
wear
Wore
worn
Gastar(se), consumirse, usar.
win
Won
won
Ganar, conquistar.
wind
Wound
wound
Enroscar(se), serpentear, girar.
withdraw
Withdrew
withdrawn
Retirar, retractarse, quitar.
withstand
Withstood
withstood
Resistir, oponerse, soportar.
REGULAR VERBS INFI NITI VO act add aid arre st assi st atten d addr ess adve rtise amu se appr oach ask acco mpa ny accu stom agre e anno y ans wer appe al appe ar arra nge arriv e
PASADO Y PARTICIPIO
SIGNIFICADO
PRONUNCIACION TERMINA CION
Acted Added Aided Arrested
Actuar Sumar, a単adir Ayudar Arrestar
id id id id
Assisted
Ayudar
id
Attended
Asistir, ir
id
Addressed
Dirigirse
t
Advertised
Anunciar
t
Amused
Entretener
t
Approached
Acercarse
t
Asked Accompanie d
Preguntar, pedir Acompa単ar
t d
accustomed
Acostumbrar
d
agreed
Concordar
d
annoyed
Molestar
d
answered
Responder
d
applealed
Atraer
d
appeared
Aparecer
d
arranged
Arreglar, ordenar Arribar
d
arrived
d
acco mpa ny accu stom agre e anno y ans wer appe al appe ar arra nge boar d bala nce bani sh bark bles s brus h beha ve belo ng
accompanie d
AcompaĂąar
d
accustomed
Acostumbrar
d
agreed
Concordar
d
annoyed
Molestar
d
answered
Responder
d
applealed
Atraer
d
appeared
Aparecer
d
arranged
d
boarded
Arreglar, ordenar Abordar
id
balanced
Equilibrar
t
banished
Desterrar
t
barked blessed
Ladrar Bendecir
t t
brushed
Cepillar
t
behaved
Comportarse
d
belonged
Pertenecer
d
Pag 6 EGRAFIA Leer mĂĄs: http://www.monografias.com/trabajos95/verbos-irregulares-ingles/verbos-irregularesingles2.shtml#ixzz47dJpQaeg
http://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-intermedio/verb-tenses-past/past-simple