2014 pocketbook by António Ludovino

ISSN 1977-4559

energy in figures

STATISTICAL POCKETBOOK 2014

Energy

E U E N E R G Y I N F I G U R E S – P O C K E T B O O K 20 1 4

This publication does not involve the European Commission in liability of any kind.

Introduction The energy sector is one of the pillars of growth, competitiveness and development in modern economies. To keep up with the permanent transformation of the energy sector in Europe we need to have a continuous supply of accurate and up-to-date data. This publication provides an overview of the most relevant annual energyrelated statistics for the European Union as a whole and for each one of its Member States. The data contained in this Pocketbook is drawn from several sources: the European Commission’s services, international organisations, such as the European Environment Agency and the International Energy Agency and, where no data is currently available, the European Commission’s estimations. Indicator calculations follow the methodology established by the European Commission - DG Energy.

Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*):

00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you).

The publication is divided into five parts: Part 1. Energy sector at world and EU level, including main policy indicators. Part 2. Main energy indicators, at EU and Member States level. Part 3. Socio-economic indicators in the EU. Part 4. Impact of the energy sector on the environment. Part 5. Main energy indicators on a country-integrated view. The appendices include a glossary and methodological notes. This publication was produced using the most recent statistics available. However, as statistics are constantly being updated, corrections and updates will be disseminated, exclusively, via the “Country Statistics” page at: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/countries_en.htm. Recommended sources of data: European Commission websites:

More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014 ISBN 978-92-79-29317-7 doi:10.2833/24150 © European Union, 2014 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Cover: © Sergey Nivens/iStock/Thinkstock Other photos: P.7: © Violka08/iStock/Thinkstock; P.31 © 1xpert/iStock/Thinkstock; P.131 © zorandimzr/iStock/Thinkstock; P. 155 © kruwt/iStock/Thinkstock; P.171 © Mimiche/iStock/ Thinkstock Printed in Belgium P rinted on elemental chlorine - free bleached paper (ECF)

DG Energy Pocketbook: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/statistics/statistics_en.htm Country statistics: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/countries_en.htm Market observatory: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/index_en.htm Eurostat Eurobase: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database DG Economic and Financial Affairs AMECO: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/ameco/index_en.htm DG Climate Action Progress Reports: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/g-gas/monitoring/ documentation_en.htm#progress_reports Websites of other organisations: European Environment Agency Data and maps: http://www.eea.europa.eu/ International Energy Agency Statistics and balances: http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp Comments on this publication and suggestions for improvement are most welcome, and may be sent to ener-emos@ec.europa.eu, with the keyword ‘Pocketbook’ as subject.

E U E N E R G Y I N F I G U R E S – P O C K E T B O O K 2014

2.3.

Summary PART 1 1.1.

1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview) �� 1.2.1. EU Energy Flow – 1995 �� 1.2.2. EU Energy Flow – 2012 �� 1.2.3. EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption �� 1.2.4. EU-28 Energy Import Dependency �� 1.2.5. EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports �� 1.2.6. EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin ��

20 20 21 22 24 25 26

2.1.

2.3.2. 2.3.3. 2.3.4. 2.3.5. 2.3.6. 2.3.7.

Overview 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

EU 2020 Targets �� 1.3.1. Renewable Energy Targets �� 1.3.2. Renewable Energy Shares �� 1.3.3. GHG Emissions Targets ��

PART 2

Energy Import Dependency �� 66 2.3.1. Import Dependency – All Fuels

Energy in the World (Overview) �� 1.1.1. World Energy Production by Region �� 1.1.2. World Energy Production by Fuel �� 1.1.3. World Gross Inland Consumption by Region �� 1.1.4. World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel �� 1.1.5. World Final Energy Consumption by Region �� 1.1.6. World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel �� 1.1.7. World Electricity Generation by Fuel �� 1.1.8. World Heat Generation by Fuel �� 1.1.9. World CO 2 Emissions by Region �� 1.1.10. World CO 2 Intensity by Region ��

1.3.

E U E N E R G Y I N F I G U R E S – P O C K E T B O O K 20 1 4

27 27 29 30

Energy in the EU

Energy Supply �� 35 2.1.1. Production �� 35 2.1.2. Net Imports �� 38 2.1.3. Gross Inland Consumption �� 41

2.2. Imports �� 2.2.1. Imports – Solid Fuels �� 2.2.2. Imports – Petroleum and Products �� 2.2.3. Imports – Gases �� 2.2.4. Imports – Electricity �� 2.2.5. Imports by Country of Origin ��

45 45 50 55 59 63

�� 66 Import Dependency by Fuel �� 67 Import Dependency – Solid Fuels �� 68 Import Dependency – Hard Coal �� 69 Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products �� 70 Import Dependency – Crude and NGL �� 71 Import Dependency – Natural Gas �� 72

2.4.

Energy Transformation �� 73 2.4.1. Transformation Input – All Fuels �� 73 2.4.2. Transformation Input by Fuel �� 74 2.4.3. Transformation Input by Sector �� 75 2.4.4. Transformation Output – All Fuels �� 76 2.4.5. Transformation Output by Fuel �� 77 2.4.6. Transformation Output by Sector �� 78

2.5.

Final Energy �� 2.5.1. Available for Final Consumption �� 2.5.2. Final Energy Consumption �� 2.5.3. Final Non-Energy Consumption �� 2.5.4. Primary Energy Intensity ��

2.6. Electricity �� 2.6.1. Installed Electricity Capacity �� 2.6.2. Gross Electricity Generation �� 2.6.3. Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer �� 2.7.

79 79 80 84 85 86 86 89 94

Intermittent Energy �� 95 2.7.1. Cumulative Capacity �� 95 2.7.2. Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity �� 97 2.7.3. Wind Gross Electricity Production �� 99 2.7.4. Wind Capacity Factor �� 101 2.7.5. Solar Collectors’ Surface �� 102 2.7.6. Solar Installed Capacity �� 103 2.7.7. Solar Gross Electricity Production �� 104 2.7.8. Solar Penetration Level �� 105

2.8. CHP �� 2.8.1. CHP Electricity �� 2.8.2. CHP Heat �� 2.8.3. CHP Electricity and Heat ��

106 106 107 108

�� 109 2.9. Heat 2.9.1. Gross Heat Generation �� 109

E U E N E R G Y I N F I G U R E S – P O C K E T B O O K 2014

E U E N E R G Y I N F I G U R E S – P O C K E T B O O K 20 1 4

2.10. Transport �� 112 2.10.1. Fuels Final Consumption �� 112 2.10.2. Biofuels �� 113 2.11. Energy Efficiency �� 2.11.1. Energy Intensity �� 2.11.2. Energy per Capita �� 2.11.3. Final Electricity per Capita �� 2.11.4. Primary Energy Efficiency �� 2.11.5. Carbon Intensity ��

115 115 116 117 118 119

2.12. RES Indicators �� 120 2.12.1. RES Shares �� 120 2.13. Energy Prices �� 2.13.1. Prices of Transport Fuels �� 2.13.2. Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers �� 2.13.3. Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers ��

PART 3 3.1.

Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

Classification of the Energy Sector �� 134 3.1.1. Comparative Table �� 134

3.2. Employment �� 3.2.1. Total Persons Employed �� 3.2.2. Employment Rate �� 3.2.3. Unemployment Rate �� 3.3.

123 123 126 128

135 135 136 137

Enterprises in the Sector �� 138 3.3.1. Number of Enterprises �� 138 3.3.2. Turnover �� 142 3.3.3. Number of Persons Declared as Employed �� 146

3.4. Economy �� 150 3.4.1. GDP at Current Market Prices �� 150 3.4.2. GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices �� 151 3.4.3. GDP at 2005 Market Prices �� 152 3.4.4. GDP per Capita at 2005 Market Prices �� 153 3.5. Demography �� 154 3.5.1. Population �� 154

PART 4 4.1.

Environment Indicators in the EU

Gases Emissions �� 158 4.1.1. GHGs Emissions �� 158 4.1.2. CO 2 Emissions �� 163

4.2. Main Emissions Indicators �� 168 4.2.1. CO2 per Capita �� 168 4.2.2. Carbon GDP Intensity �� 169

PART 5

Country Profiles

5.0. European Union 28 �� 174 5.1. Belgium �� 176 5.2. Bulgaria �� 178 5.3. Czech Republic �� 180 5.4. Denmark �� 182 5.5. Germany �� 184 5.6. Estonia �� 186 5.7. Ireland �� 188 5.8. Greece �� 190 5.9. Spain �� 192 5.10. France �� 194 5.11. Croatia �� 196 5.12. Italy �� 198 5.13. Cyprus �� 200 5.14. Latvia �� 202 5.15. Lithuania �� 204 5.16. Luxembourg �� 206 5.17. Hungary �� 208 5.18. Malta �� 210 5.19. Netherlands �� 212 5.20. Austria �� 214 5.21. Poland �� 216 5.22. Portugal �� 218 5.23. Romania �� 220 5.24. Slovenia �� 222 5.25. Slovakia �� 224 5.26. Finland �� 226 5.27. Sweden �� 228 5.28. United Kingdom �� 230

E U E N E R G Y I N F I G U R E S – P O C K E T B O O K 2014

PART 1 Appendices Appendices – Methodology �� 236 Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature �� 236 Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN �� 237 Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE �� 238 Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR �� 239 Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN �� 240 Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE �� 241 Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR �� 242 Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations �� 243 Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes �� 244 Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors �� 245 Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values �� 246 Appendices – Glossary �� 247 Appendix 12 – Glossary �� 247 Appendices – Notes �� 258 Appendix 13 – Notes �� 258

Overview

PART 1 Overview

Summary 1.1.

Energy in the World (Overview) 1.1.1.

��

World Energy Production by Region

1.1.2. World Energy Production by Fuel

��

1.1.6. World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel World Electricity Generation by Fuel

11 12

1.1.5. World Final Energy Consumption by Region 1.1.7.

��

1.1.3. World Gross Inland Consumption by Region 1.1.4. World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel

1.1.8. World Heat Generation by Fuel

��

1.1.9. World CO 2 Emissions by Region

��

1.1.10. World CO 2 Intensity by Region

1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview) �� 20 1.2.1. EU Energy Flow – 1995

��

1.2.2. EU Energy Flow – 2012

��

1.2.3. EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

��

1.2.4. EU-28 Energy Import Dependency

��

24 25

��

1.2.6. EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin EU 2020 Targets

21 22

��

1.2.5. EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports

1.3.

1.3.1. Renewable Energy Targets

��

1.3.2. Renewable Energy Shares

��

1.3.3. GHG Emissions Targets

PART 1 Overview

PART 1 Overview 1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.1. World Energy Production by Region

1.1.2. World Energy Production by Fuel

Energy in the World (Overview) World Energy Production by Region Mtoe EU-28 China United States Middle East Asia* Russia Africa Rest of the World World

1995 965 1 065 1 659 1 140 826 968 772 1 879 9 275

2000 950 1 130 1 667 1 329 934 978 890 2 174 10 052

2005 905 1 701 1 631 1 523 1 121 1 203 1 089 2 435 11 608

World Energy Production by Fuel 2010 841 2 262 1 723 1 641 1 373 1 293 1 168 2 567 12 868

2011 2011 (%) 809 6.1 % 2 433 18.4 % 1 785 13.5 % 1 788 13.5 % 1 405 10.6 % 1 315 10.0 % 1 104 8.4 % 2 564 19.4 % 13 202 100.0 %

Mtoe Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Nuclear Other Total

1995 3 395 2 233 1 815 1 207 608 17 9 275

2000 3 702 2 294 2 062 1 296 676 22 10 052

World Energy Production by Region (%)

World Energy Production by Fuel (%)

Total 2011 = 13 202 Mtoe

6.1 %

EU-28

19.4 %

12.9 %

China

18.4 %

10.6 %

Solid Fuels Gas Renewables

21.2 %

Russia

Nuclear

Africa

Other

Rest of the World

13.5 %

29.2 %

World Energy Production by Region (Mtoe)

World Energy Production by Fuel (Mtoe)

2 500

4 500 4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0

2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1997 EU-28 China

1999

2001

2003

United States Middle East

* Excluding China – Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

2005

2011 2011 (%) 4 133 31.3 % 3 851 29.2 % 2 805 21.2 % 1 702 12.9 % 674 5.1 % 37 0.3 % 13 202 100.0 %

Petroleum and Products

31.3 %

Asia* 13.5 %

2010 4 078 3 648 2 720 1 671 719 32 12 868

5.1 % 0.3 %

United States

8.4 %

1995

2005 4 050 3 012 2 373 1 430 722 21 11 608

Middle East

10.0 %

1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

2007 Asia* Russia

2009

2011 Africa

1995

1997

1999

2001

Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

2003

2005

2007

Gas Renewables

2009

2011

Nuclear Other

PART 1 Overview

1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.3. World Gross Inland Consumption by Region

1.1.4. World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel

World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel

World Gross Inland Consumption by Region Mtoe EU-28 China United States Asia* Russia Africa Middle East Rest of the World World

1995 1 644 1 055 2 067 879 637 442 309 2 203 9 238

2000 1 693 1 175 2 273 1 052 619 502 358 2 410 10 082

2005 1 786 1 788 2 319 1 258 652 604 488 2 637 11 532

2010 1 724 2 531 2 216 1 560 702 691 641 2 840 12 905

2011 2011 (%) 1 662 12.7 % 2 743 20.9 % 2 191 16.7 % 1 593 12.1 % 731 5.6 % 700 5.3 % 647 4.9 % 2 846 21.7 % 13 113 100.0 %

Mtoe Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables * Hydro * Geothermal * Solar/Wind/Other * Biofuels and Waste Nuclear Other Total

1995 3 371 2 222 1 812 1 208 213 39 3 968 608 17 9 238

2000 3 657 2 358 2 072 1 297 225 52 8 1 033 676 23 10 082

2005 4 021 2 974 2 365 1 429 252 54 16 1 127 722 21 11 532

World Gross Inland Consumption by Region (%)

World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel (%)

Total 2011 = 13 113 Mtoe

21.7 %

EU-28

12.7 %

China

13.0 %

Solid Fuels Gas

Russia

Renewables

21.3 %

Africa

5.3 %

Nuclear

Middle East

5.6 % 12.1 %

Other

Rest of the World

16.7 %

28.8 %

World Gross Inland Consumption by Region (Mtoe)

World Energy Production by Fuel (Mtoe)

3 000

4 500 4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0

2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1995

1997 EU-28 China

1999

2001

2003

United States Asia*

* Excluding China – Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

2011 2011 (%) 4 136 31.5 % 3 776 28.8 % 2 787 21.3 % 1 703 13.0 % 300 2.3 % 66 0.5 % 61 0.5 % 1 312 10.0 % 674 5.1 % 37 0.3 % 13 113 100.0 %

Petroleum and Products

31.5 %

Asia* 20.9 %

2010 4 146 3 595 2 740 1 672 296 65 47 1 295 719 32 12 905

5.1 % 0.3 %

United States 4.9 %

1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

2005

2007

Russia Africa

2009

2011

Middle East

1995

1997

1999

2001

Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels

2003

2005

2007

2009

Gas Renewables

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, May 2014 – Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

2011

Nuclear Other

PART 1 Overview

1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.5. World Final Energy Consumption by Region

1.1.6. World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel

World Final Energy Consumption by Region Mtoe EU-28 China United States Asia* Africa Russia Middle East Rest of the World World

1995 1 127 798 1 378 652 326 458 197 1 627 6 562

2000 1 175 825 1 546 749 380 418 235 1 765 7 094

2005 1 242 1 171 1 570 881 447 412 310 1 924 7 956

2010 1 203 1 536 1 519 1 083 515 441 412 2 063 8 772

World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel

2011 2011 (%) 1 150 12.9 % 1 643 18.4 % 1 504 16.9 % 1 113 12.5 % 525 5.9 % 459 5.1 % 431 4.8 % 2 092 23.5 % 8 918 100.0 %

Mtoe Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Electricity Heat Other Total

1995 2 810 674 1 005 851 933 285 3 6 562

2000 3 126 578 1 119 928 1 090 247 7 7 094

2005 3 451 735 1 206 996 1 296 266 6 7 956

World Final Energy Consumption by Region (%)

World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel (%)

Total 2011 = 8 918 Mtoe

EU-28

12.9 %

China

23.5 %

17.7 %

3.2 % 0.1 %

United States Africa

5.1 %

Gas Renewables Electricity Heat

Middle East Rest of the World

16.9 %

2011 2011 (%) 3 633 40.7 % 904 10.1 % 1 380 15.5 % 1 126 12.6 % 1 582 17.7 % 281 3.2 % 11 0.1 % 8 918 100.0 %

Solid Fuels

12.6 %

Russia

2010 3 620 865 1 356 1 114 1 537 272 8 8 772

Petroleum and Products 40.7 %

Asia*

18.4 % 4.8 %

5.9 %

1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

Other

15.5 %

12.5 %

10.1 %

World Final Energy Consumption by Region (Mtoe)

World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel (Mtoe)

1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0

4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0

1995

1997 EU-28 China

1999

2001

2003

United States Asia*

* Excluding China – Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

2005

2007

Africa Russia

2009

2011

Middle East

1995

1997

1999

2001

Petroleum and Products Gas Solid Fuels Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

2003

2005 Renewables Electricity

2007

2009 Heat Other

2011

PART 1 Overview

1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.7. World Electricity Generation by Fuel

1.1.8. World Heat Generation by Fuel

World Electricity Generation by Fuel TWh Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gas Nuclear Renewables * Hydro * Solar/Wind/Other * Biofuels and Waste * Geothermal Other Total

1995 4 994 1 232 2 010 2 332 2 638 2 480 10 133 40 25 13 231

2000 6 002 1 200 2 740 2 591 2 840 2 620 35 170 52 37 15 411

2005 7 335 1 141 3 668 2 768 3 292 2 930 116 233 58 46 18 251

World Heat Generation by Fuel

2010 8 655 966 4 781 2 756 4 220 3 442 381 387 68 60 21 438

2011 2011 (%) 9 144 41.3 % 1 058 4.8 % 4 852 21.9 % 2 584 11.7 % 4 422 20.0 % 3 490 15.8 % 505 2.3 % 422 1.9 % 69 0.3 % 66 0.3 % 22 126 100.0 %

PJ Gas Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Nuclear Renewables * Geothermal * Solar/Wind/Other * Biofuels and Waste Other Total

1995 7 166 4 370 1 903 20 248 8 3 348 158 13 865

2000 6 248 4 331 1 122 19 290 8 4 421 199 12 209

World Electricity Generation by Fuel (%)

World Heat Generation by Fuel (%)

Total 2011 = 22 126 TWh

Total 2011 = 14 399 PJ

2005 6 739 4 718 940 21 388 10 373 539 845 13 650

2010 6 587 5 460 771 27 563 13 331 776 624 14 033

2011 2011 (%) 6 790 47.2 % 5 634 39.1 % 749 5.2 % 29 0.2 % 553 3.8 % 12 0.1 % 332 2.3 % 786 5.5 % 644 4.5 % 14 399 100.0 %

3.8 % 4.5 %

0.3 %

5.2 %

20.0 %

Solid Fuels

0.2 %

Gas

Petroleum and Products 41.3 %

Solid Fuels 47.2 %

Gas

11.7 %

Petroleum and Products

Nuclear

Renewables

39.1 %

Other 21.9 %

1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

Other

4.8 %

World Electricity Generation by Fuel (TWh)

World Heat Generation by Fuel (PJ)

10 000 9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0

8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1995

1997

1999

2001

Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products

2003

2005 Gas Nuclear

2007

2009

2011

Renewables Other

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, May 2014 – Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

1995

1997 Gas Solid Fuels

1999

2001

2003

2005

Petroleum and Products Nuclear

2007

2009

2011

Renewables Other

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, May 2014 – Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

PART 1 Overview

PART 1 Overview 1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.9. World CO2 Emissions by Region

1.1.10. World CO2 Intensity by Region

World CO2 Emissions* by Region Mio ton CO2 EU-28 China United States Asia** Middle East Russia Africa Rest of the World World

1995 4 062 3 085 5 275 1 796 843 1 573 635 5 291 22 560

1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

2000 4 099 3 382 5 844 2 247 980 1 510 721 5 812 24 595

World CO2 Intensity* by Region

2005 4 279 5 503 5 922 2 761 1 269 1 527 867 6 347 28 475

2010 3 968 7 393 5 577 3 608 1 649 1 600 1 007 6 805 31 606

2011 2011 (%) 3 846 11.9 % 8 094 24.9 % 5 435 16.7 % 3 699 11.4 % 1 711 5.3 % 1 682 5.2 % 1 007 3.1 % 6 983 21.5 % 32 456 100.0 %

Kg CO2 per toe (Average) EU-28 China United States Asia** Middle East Russia Africa Rest of the World World

1995 2 470 2 924 2 552 2 042 2 727 2 470 1 435 2 401 2 442

2000 2 422 2 879 2 571 2 136 2 736 2 438 1 437 2 411 2 439

2005 2 396 3 077 2 554 2 195 2 600 2 343 1 436 2 407 2 469

World CO 2 Emissions by Region (%)

World CO 2 Intensity by Region (kg CO 2 per toe)

Total 2011 = 32 456 Mio ton CO 2

Average 2011 = 2 475 kg CO2 per toe

2010 2 301 2 921 2 517 2 313 2 571 2 278 1 456 2 396 2 449

2011 2 313 2 951 2 481 2 322 2 645 2 301 1 437 2 454 2 475

3 500 11.9 %

3.1 %

3 000

EU-28

21.5 %

24.9 %

5.2 %

China

2 500

United States

2 000

Asia**

1 500

Middle East

1 000

Russia

5.3 %

500

Africa 11.4 %

Rest of the World

16.7 %

0 EU-28

China

United States

Asia**

Russia

Africa

Rest of the World

World

World CO 2 Emissions by Region (Mio ton CO 2)

World CO 2 Intensity by Region (kg CO 2 per toe)

9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0

3 500

Middle East

3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0

1995

1997 EU-28 Middle East

1999

2001 China Russia

2003

2005

2007

United States Africa

2009

2011

Asia** Rest of the World

* Sectoral Approach, including Bunkers ** Excluding China – Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

1995

1997

1999

EU-28 Middle East

2001

China Russia

2003

2005

United States Africa

2007

2009

2011

Asia** Rest of the World

* Per Unit of Gross Inland Consumption ** Excluding China – Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

PART 1 Overview

1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.1. EU Energy Flow – 1995

1.2.2. EU Energy Flow – 2012

erg n-En ption l No nsum Fina rgy Cryo: 282.8 e n E l Fina – Indust Final Available ption gy Consum1.7 Final Enerns Energy for Final – Tra port: 35 Consumption: Consumption: ntial: 289.2 1 104.5 Final Energy Cons. – Reside 1 201.2 Final Energy Cons. – Services: 148.7 Transformation Output: 985.7

se Los

4.5 r: 8 cto e S tr rgy Dis ne E n ni tio mp u ns Co on

ti ibu

l na tio .4 na r e e: 9 Int t Us c e Dir

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Gross Inland Consumption: 1 683.5

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

s Lo

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s: 6

8.6 n: 9 ptio

po 922.8 rts:

ati

fo ans

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Total Production: 809.6

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Net Im

6 : 9. ges an Ch

Total Production: 964.9

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l na tio .4 na r e e: 2 Int t Us c e Dir

3.9 y: 2 str e r o e/F tur cul i r 1 Ag : 1. ing s. – on Fish C – . gy ons ner yC al E erg d: 7.2 n n i E F ecifie al on-sp N Fin – . s y Con Energ Final

Transformation Input: 1 357

or: ect S tr rgy Dis ne nE i n tio mp su n Co on

ti ibu

* Current 28 MS – Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

nsum y Co Final

se os

Intermediary

6.8

2 s:

Transformation Input: 1 416.2 po 734.3 rts:

Net Im

ati

fo ans

s: 3

se Los

Demand

Transformation Output: 1 045.8

0.6 y: 3 str e r o e/F tur cul i r Ag :1 ing s. – Fish on – C . gy ons ner yC erg : 12.1 al E n n E i l cified F a n-spe Fin o N – s. y Con Energ Final

Gross Inland Consumption: 1 671

Demand Supply

EU Energy Flow – 2012 (Mtoe)

Supply

5.5 : 10 tion p m su Con rgy n -Ene n o mptio lN Consu29.5 y Fina g r e 3 : En Final – Industry Available Final ption gy Consum6.7 Final Enerns for Final Energy – Tra port: 30 Consumption: Consumption: ntial: 283.6 1 184.6 1 078.7 Final Energy Cons. – Reside Final Energy Cons. – Services: 115.3

Intermediary

Final

Energy in the EU (Overview) EU* Energy Flow – 1995 (Mtoe)

ge han

PART 1 Overview

1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.3. EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

Energy Mix (%) – Primary Products Only

Energy Mix* – 2012 (%)

Total Primary 1995: 1 669 Mtoe (Total Primary and Secondary 1995: 1 671 Mtoe)

BE BG CZ

14 %

5% 0% Petroleum and Products 39 %

Gas Solid Fuels

22 %

DE EE IE

Nuclear Heat

Renewables

Wastes, Non-Renewable

FR HR

20 %

IT CY

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption – Energy Mix (%) – Primary Products Only

LV LT

Total Primary 2012: 1 682 Mtoe (Total Primary and Secondary 2012: 1 683 Mtoe)

LU HU MT NL

11 % 1% 34 %

14 %

17 %

23 %

Petroleum and Products

Gas

Solid Fuels

Nuclear Heat

Renewables

Wastes, Non-Renewable

SK FI SE UK 0%

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

10 %

20 %

30%

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

Solid Fuels

Petroleum and Products

Gas

Nuclear Heat

Renewables

Wastes

* Primary Products only – Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

90 % 100 %

PART 1 Overview

1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.4. EU-28 Energy Import Dependency

1.2.5. EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports

By Fuel

2012

Total Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Natural Gas

1995 43.0 % 21.5 % 29.7 % 74.0 % 73.0 % 43.4 %

2000 46.7 % 30.6 % 42.6 % 75.7 % 74.5 % 48.9 %

2005 52.2 % 39.4 % 55.7 % 82.1 % 81.3 % 57.1 %

2010 52.7 % 39.4 % 57.9 % 84.4 % 84.6 % 62.1 %

2011 53.9 % 41.7 % 62.3 % 85.1 % 85.5 % 67.1 %

2012 53.4 % 42.2 % 62.5 % 86.4 % 87.8 % 65.8 %

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency (%) -20

EU-28 Net Imports (Mtoe)

100 -50

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency by Fuel – 1995-2012 (%)

Total

Solid Fuels

1995

2000

1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview)

Hard Coal 2005

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

Petroleum and Products 2010

Crude and NGL 2011

Natural Gas 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

100

150

200

PART 1 Overview

1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.3. EU 2020 Targets

1.2.6. EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin

1.3.1. Renewable Energy Targets

EU 2020 Targets Renewable Energy Targets*

EU-28 Imports* by Country of Origin Imports* of Crude Oil – 2012 Total = 523 094 kton

% Russia

17 %

Norway

34 %

4% 4%

Russia Norway Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Nigeria Nigeria

4 %4 %

Libya

5 %5 %

Libya

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Iraq

Iraq

Azerbaijan

11 %

Other

Azerbaijan Other

Imports* of Natural Gas – 2012 Total = 12 824 707 TJ-GCV 2% 4% 2%

Russia

2% 47% % 2% 1% 1% 7%

32 %

Russia

Norway

Algeria

Algeria Qatar

13 %

Qatar Not specified

Not specified

13 %

Nigeria Libya

Nigeria Libya Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago 31 % 31 %

Other

EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2012 Overall RES Share

2012 RES Interim Target

2020 RES Target

14.1 % 6.8 % 16.3 % 11.2 % 26.0 % 12.4 % 25.8 % 7.2 % 13.8 % 14.3 % 13.4 % 16.8 % 13.5 % 6.8 % 35.8 % 21.7 % 3.1 % 9.6 % 1.4 % 4.5 % 32.1 % 11.0 % 24.6 % 22.9 % 20.2 % 10.4 % 34.3 % 51.0 % 4.2 %

10.7 % 4.4 % 10.7 % 7.5 % 19.6 % 8.2 % 19.4 % 5.7 % 9.1 % 11.0 % 12.8 % 14.1 % 7.6 % 4.9 % 34.1 % 16.6 % 2.9 % 6.0 % 2.0 % 4.7 % 25.4 % 8.8 % 22.6 % 19.0 % 17.8 % 8.2 % 30.4 % 41.6 % 4.0 %

20.0 % 13.0 % 16.0 % 13.0 % 30.0 % 18.0 % 25.0 % 16.0 % 18.0 % 20.0 % 23.0 % 20.0 % 17.0 % 13.0 % 40.0 % 23.0 % 11.0 % 13.0 % 10.0 % 14.0 % 34.0 % 15.0 % 31.0 % 24.0 % 25.0 % 14.0 % 38.0 % 49.0 % 15.0 %

Imports* of Solid Fuels – 2012 Total = 217 749 kton 4% 4%

6% 6%

32%% 2%

Russia 26 %

26 %

Colombia

Russia Colombia United States

United States

Australia Australia

77%%

South Africa South Africa Not Specified Not Specified Indonesia 23 %

23 %

24 %

Canada Other

Indonesia Canada Other

* From Extra-EU – Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

* As % of the Gross Final Energy Consumption Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

PART 1 Overview

1.3. EU 2020 Targets

1.3.1. Renewable Energy Targets

1.3.2. Renewable Energy Shares

Renewable Energy Targets* (%)

Renewable Energy Shares* (%) Overall, Heating and Cooling (H&C), Electricity (E), and Transport (T) Shares

BG CZ

2012 Overall RES Share RES Interim Target

2020 RES Target

BE BG CZ

* In Gross Final Energy Consumption Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

EU-28

EU-28 BE

* In Gross Final Energy Consumption Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

2012 Overall RES Share 2012 RES-H&C 2012 RES-E 2012 RES-T

PART 1 Overview 1.3. EU 2020 Targets

PART 2

1.3.3. GHG Emissions Targets

Energy

GHG Emissions Targets* Emissions Compared to 1990 Index 100=1990 EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1990 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

1995 93 105 70 77 111 90 49 107 105 111 99 73 102 121 48 45 81 81 123 107 103 95 117 71 101 74 100 102 93

2000 92 103 54 75 100 84 42 124 120 135 101 83 107 138 38 40 81 80 130 103 104 84 138 55 103 69 99 96 90

* Emissions of the Kyoto basket of GHG Source: Eurostat, July 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

2005 93 100 58 74 94 81 46 128 128 154 102 96 112 150 42 48 108 81 147 102 120 85 145 58 110 71 98 93 89

2010 86 93 55 70 90 77 49 113 112 125 94 90 97 151 47 43 102 69 150 101 110 88 119 48 106 64 107 91 80

2011 83 85 60 68 83 74 52 106 110 126 89 89 95 147 45 44 100 67 151 95 108 88 116 50 106 63 97 86 75

2012 82 83 56 67 77 77 47 107 106 122 89 83 90 148 43 44 97 64 157 93 104 86 115 48 103 58 88 81 78

in the EU

PART 2 Energy in the EU

Summary 2.1.

Energy Supply

��

2.1.1. Production

��

2.1.2. Net Imports

��

38 41

��

2.2.1. Imports – Solid Fuels

��

2.2.2. Imports – Petroleum and Products 2.2.3. Imports – Gases

��

2.2.4. Imports – Electricity

��

2.2.5. Imports by Country of Origin 2.3.

��

2.1.3. Gross Inland Consumption 2.2. Imports

Energy Import Dependency

��

2.3.1. Import Dependency – All Fuels

��

2.3.2. Import Dependency by Fuel �� 67 2.3.3. Import Dependency – Solid Fuels 2.3.4. Import Dependency – Hard Coal

��

2.3.5. Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products

2.4.

��

Import Dependency – Natural Gas

Energy Transformation

��

2.3.6. Import Dependency – Crude and NGL 2.3.7.

��

2.4.1. Transformation Input – All Fuels 2.4.2. Transformation Input by Fuel

��

2.4.3. Transformation Input by Sector �� 75 ��

��

2.4.4. Transformation Output – All Fuels 2.4.5. Transformation Output by Fuel

2.4.6. Transformation Output by Sector 2.5.

Final Energy

��

2.5.1. Available for Final Consumption 2.5.2. Final Energy Consumption

��

2.5.3. Final Non-Energy Consumption

��

2.5.4. Primary Energy Intensity 2.6. Electricity

2.6.1. Installed Electricity Capacity

��

2.6.2. Gross Electricity Generation

��

2.6.3. Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer

��

86 89 94

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.1. Production

2.7.

Intermittent Energy

��

2.7.1.

Cumulative Capacity

2.7.2.

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity

2.7.3.

Wind Gross Electricity Production

2.7.4.

Wind Capacity Factor

2.7.5.

Solar Collectors’ Surface

��

Solar Installed Capacity

Solar Gross Electricity Production

2.7.8.

Solar Penetration Level

2.8. CHP

��

101 102 103

��

104

��

105

��

106

2.8.1. CHP Electricity 2.8.2. CHP Heat

��

2.8.3. CHP Electricity and Heat 2.9. Heat

��

2.7.6.

��

2.7.7.

106 107

��

108

��

109

2.9.1. Gross Heat Generation 2.10. Transport

��

109

��

112

2.10.1. Fuels Final Consumption 2.10.2. Biofuels

��

112

��

113

2.11. Energy Efficiency

��

2.11.1. Energy Intensity

��

2.11.2. Energy per Capita

��

115 115 116

2.11.3. Final Electricity per Capita

��

117

2.11.4. Primary Energy Efficiency

��

118

��

119

��

120

2.11.5. Carbon Intensity

Energy Supply Production* All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 964.9 100 %

2000 947.3 98 %

2005 906.3 94 %

2010 845.0 88 %

2011 815.9 85 %

2012 809.6 84 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

11.83 10.27 32.43 16.28 145.19 3.88 4.10 9.36 31.43 127.36 4.18 29.83 0.04 1.43 3.78 0.04 13.90 0.00 66.72 8.76 99.38 3.38 32.31 2.96 5.06 13.13 31.38 256.46

13.61 9.87 30.63 28.81 135.55 3.55 2.16 10.01 31.49 130.20 3.59 28.49 0.04 1.47 3.28 0.06 11.60 0.00 57.55 9.78 79.94 3.89 28.46 3.09 6.39 15.16 30.05 268.55

13.72 10.70 32.86 30.82 139.05 4.38 1.65 10.32 30.09 135.93 3.81 27.84 0.05 1.87 3.96 0.11 10.37 0.00 62.22 10.01 78.91 3.61 28.22 3.49 6.69 16.95 34.26 204.42

15.17 10.53 31.58 23.20 133.74 5.60 1.86 9.47 34.40 134.85 4.22 29.56 0.09 2.12 1.33 0.12 11.07 0.00 74.55 12.17 67.59 5.58 27.82 3.69 6.34 17.93 32.76 147.65

18.29 12.29 32.03 20.51 126.98 5.74 1.73 9.65 31.98 135.32 3.85 31.18 0.10 2.08 1.31 0.12 10.80 0.00 68.34 11.64 68.61 5.32 27.94 3.79 6.56 17.65 32.97 129.12

16.29 11.68 32.56 18.89 128.09 5.83 1.35 10.45 33.51 134.01 3.62 31.95 0.11 2.34 1.34 0.13 10.60 0.01 69.34 12.85 71.88 4.60 27.43 3.54 6.56 17.72 35.81 117.05

Production – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (Mtoe) 2.12. RES Indicators

2.12.1. RES Shares 2.13. Energy Prices

��

120

��

123

2.13.1. Prices of Transport Fuels

��

1 500

1 000

123

2.13.2. Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers

��

126

2.13.3. Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers

��

128

500

EU-28

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

* Primary Production and Receipt, Production from Other Sources and Recycled Products Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.1. Production

Production*

By Fuel

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

400

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Nuclear

Solid Fuels

Renewables

Gases

Petroleum and Products

Wastes, Non-Renewable

2012

227.7 28.1 %

167.5 20.7 %

177.4 21.9 %

133.4 16.5 %

89.9 11.1 %

13.6 1.7 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

10.39 4.09 7.85 0.00 25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.86 109.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.09 0.00 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.96 1.43 4.05 5.93 16.52 18.16

0.00 5.61 20.68 0.00 47.60 4.04 0.32 8.04 2.46 0.18 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 1.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.82 0.00 6.35 1.09 0.57 0.99 0.14 9.97

2.82 1.64 3.25 3.11 32.91 1.06 0.74 2.27 14.49 20.77 1.18 18.06 0.11 2.33 1.20 0.09 1.96 0.01 3.78 9.62 8.48 4.36 5.24 0.99 1.43 9.93 18.51 7.10

0.00 0.31 0.21 5.21 9.57 0.00 0.18 0.01 0.05 0.45 1.63 7.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.77 0.00 57.68 1.56 3.83 0.00 8.68 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.01 35.04

0.62 0.03 0.35 10.17 8.34 0.74 0.06 0.11 0.48 1.62 0.80 5.72 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 1.09 0.00 6.20 0.98 1.15 0.00 4.17 0.00 0.35 0.69 0.09 46.02

2.46 0.01 0.22 0.40 4.02 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.18 1.26 0.01 1.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.09 0.00 0.67 0.68 0.61 0.24 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.18 0.54 0.76

* Primary Production and Receipt, Production from Other Sources and Recycled Products Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Solid Fuels Nuclear

Petroleum and Products Renewables

Gases Wastes, Non-Renewable

Production* by Fuel – EU-28 – 2012 (% of Total) Total = 810 Mtoe

2% 11 % 28 %

Nuclear Solid Fuels

16 %

Renewables Gases Petroleum and Products 22 %

21 %

Wastes, Non-Renewable

* Primary Production and Receipt, Production from Other Sources and Recycled Products Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.2. Net Imports

Net Imports

All Fuels

By Fuel 2012 922.8 126 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

46.75 12.83 8.59 7.27 195.18 1.82 7.74 18.29 75.42 117.06 2.89 134.50 2.03 3.36 5.54 3.25 12.55 0.84 14.88 17.98 -1.16 18.02 14.03 3.09 12.14 15.84 20.43 -36.83

50.35 8.54 9.40 -7.38 204.71 1.64 12.24 22.15 99.34 134.08 4.16 152.07 2.55 2.36 4.25 3.62 13.96 1.46 33.76 18.97 8.77 22.07 7.99 3.41 12.00 18.22 20.44 -39.22

53.12 9.28 12.64 -10.14 208.11 1.50 13.52 23.50 123.83 144.16 5.25 160.24 2.83 3.10 5.02 4.67 17.42 1.63 37.08 24.52 15.93 24.85 10.84 3.85 12.43 18.98 19.46 31.60

53.69 7.07 11.38 -3.36 201.69 0.87 13.16 21.71 106.08 132.23 4.46 149.80 2.94 2.22 5.66 4.50 14.99 2.39 30.55 21.53 31.55 18.59 7.83 3.58 11.24 17.88 19.29 60.76

49.11 6.91 11.97 -1.19 196.83 0.77 12.62 19.87 104.43 126.64 4.65 142.80 2.66 2.75 5.83 4.43 13.02 2.28 28.23 23.59 33.86 18.75 7.90 3.52 11.15 19.08 18.60 72.60

46.13 6.60 10.78 -0.63 196.77 1.11 11.83 19.98 99.41 125.32 4.35 133.81 2.62 2.69 5.79 4.34 12.33 2.04 29.25 21.41 30.10 18.13 8.02 3.64 10.02 15.55 14.75 86.62

Net Imports – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (Mtoe) 1 500

2012

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Electricity

2011 943.6 129 %

Renewables

2010 954.3 130 %

Solid Fuels

2005 979.2 133 %

Gases

2000 825.9 112 %

Petroleum and Products

1995 734.3 100 %

Net Imports

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

922.8 100 %

531.7 58 %

258.6 28 %

123.9 13 %

6.8 1 %

1.6 0 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

46.13 6.60 10.78 -0.63 196.77 1.11 11.83 19.98 99.41 125.32 4.35 133.81 2.62 2.69 5.79 4.34 12.33 2.04 29.25 21.41 30.10 18.13 8.02 3.64 10.02 15.55 14.75 86.62

27.79 3.78 8.43 -2.64 106.40 0.90 6.57 15.78 59.24 80.99 2.45 56.24 2.60 1.65 2.41 2.84 4.79 2.04 45.74 10.96 23.66 10.72 4.51 2.66 3.03 8.39 13.71 26.07

14.17 2.04 6.10 -1.89 59.83 0.55 3.84 3.67 28.07 36.92 0.89 55.35 0.00 1.38 2.66 1.05 6.05 0.00 -24.60 6.40 10.04 3.92 2.30 0.71 3.92 3.01 1.01 31.21

2.79 1.49 -2.25 2.32 32.15 0.02 1.31 0.19 11.59 10.91 0.55 15.77 0.00 0.09 0.21 0.05 0.99 0.00 6.85 3.33 -3.51 3.03 1.26 0.30 3.12 2.64 1.72 27.01

0.52 0.00 -0.03 1.13 0.17 -0.16 0.08 0.19 1.46 0.32 -0.20 2.75 0.02 -0.62 -0.05 0.04 -0.19 0.00 -0.30 0.48 0.15 -0.23 -0.07 0.05 -0.08 0.01 0.00 1.29

0.85 -0.71 -1.47 0.45 -1.77 -0.19 0.04 0.15 -0.96 -3.83 0.66 3.71 0.00 0.15 0.57 0.35 0.69 0.00 1.47 0.24 -0.24 0.68 0.02 -0.08 0.03 1.50 -1.68 1.04

1 000

500 EU-28

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.2. Net Imports

2.1.3. Gross Inland Consumption

Net Imports

Gross Inland Consumption

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

All Fuels

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Petroleum and Products Wastes, Non-Renewable

Gases Renewables

Solid Fuels Electricity

Net Imports by Fuel – EU-28 – 2012 (% of Total) Total = 923 Mtoe

13 % Petroleum and Products Gases Solid Fuels 28 %

Renewables (0 %) 58 %

Electricity (-1 %) Wastes (0 %)

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 671.0 100 %

2000 1 726.9 103 %

2005 1 824.2 109 %

2010 1 759.7 105 %

2011 1 699.5 102 %

2012 1 683.5 101 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

53.94 22.69 41.68 20.22 341.57 5.53 11.04 23.87 102.08 241.77 7.09 161.76 1.95 4.62 8.64 3.32 26.18 0.76 72.67 27.07 98.83 20.64 46.31 6.07 17.72 29.28 51.47 222.25

59.15 18.52 41.17 19.75 342.28 4.98 14.30 28.29 123.64 257.60 7.82 174.22 2.40 3.86 7.06 3.64 25.30 0.80 75.57 28.98 88.99 25.28 36.65 6.45 18.30 32.42 48.90 230.56

58.73 19.75 45.12 19.58 341.85 5.62 15.04 31.41 144.22 276.36 8.93 187.47 2.54 4.59 8.71 4.80 27.61 0.97 81.47 34.35 92.54 27.48 39.21 7.33 19.03 34.53 50.99 233.99

61.04 17.77 44.73 20.15 333.67 6.16 15.13 28.73 129.87 267.12 8.56 174.76 2.73 4.77 6.78 4.64 25.81 0.95 86.61 34.60 100.92 24.28 35.80 7.23 17.86 37.07 50.78 211.21

59.67 19.09 43.23 18.75 317.12 6.19 13.99 27.80 128.21 257.84 8.53 171.99 2.68 4.38 7.00 4.56 25.10 0.92 80.21 33.65 101.22 23.61 36.56 7.28 17.40 35.51 49.71 197.29

56.32 18.23 42.78 18.14 319.45 6.12 13.85 27.75 127.29 258.39 8.12 163.22 2.51 4.54 7.08 4.45 23.55 0.84 81.78 33.65 97.97 22.20 35.37 7.00 16.70 34.09 49.79 202.29

Gross Inland Consumption – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (Mtoe) 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 EU-28 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.3. Gross Inland Consumption

Gross Inland Consumption

By Fuel

Renewables

13.7 0.8 %

1.6 0.1 %

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

21.94 3.84 8.85 7.08 108.30 1.11 6.57 13.32 52.91 80.44 3.43 59.94 2.38 1.38 2.47 2.82 5.93 0.83 33.85 11.96 24.83 10.02 8.76 2.48 3.38 8.95 12.69 68.75

14.37 2.45 6.86 3.50 69.82 0.55 4.01 3.66 28.19 38.22 2.41 61.36 0.00 1.21 2.65 1.05 8.31 0.00 33.00 7.41 13.60 3.93 10.81 0.71 4.37 3.01 1.02 66.35

2.97 6.93 17.27 2.47 80.35 3.80 2.36 8.14 15.14 11.47 0.63 16.30 0.00 0.09 0.23 0.05 2.69 0.00 8.19 3.24 50.55 2.93 7.60 1.39 3.48 4.57 2.19 38.84

10.39 4.09 7.85 0.00 25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.86 109.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.09 0.00 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.96 1.43 4.05 5.93 16.52 18.16

3.34 1.63 3.21 4.23 33.08 0.86 0.82 2.46 15.98 21.09 0.98 20.84 0.13 1.65 1.16 0.14 1.77 0.01 3.50 10.11 8.62 4.39 5.19 1.04 1.36 9.95 18.51 8.39

2.46 0.01 0.22 0.40 4.02 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.18 1.26 0.01 1.07 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.03 0.09 0.00 0.75 0.68 0.61 0.24 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.18 0.54 0.76

0.85 -0.71 -1.47 0.45 -1.77 -0.19 0.04 0.15 -0.96 -3.83 0.66 3.71 0.00 0.15 0.57 0.35 0.69 0.00 1.47 0.24 -0.24 0.68 0.02 -0.08 0.03 1.50 -1.68 1.04

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: S ee Appendix 13 – No 2

Geothermal

Electricity

184.4 11.0 %

Solar

Wastes, Non-Renewable

227.7 13.5 %

Wind

Renewables

293.9 17.5 %

Hydro

Nuclear

392.8 23.3 %

Biomass and Renewable Wastes

Solid Fuels

569.2 33.8 %

Renewables

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Gases

2012

Petroleum and Products

2012

184.4 11.0 %

123.1 7.3 %

28.8 1.7 %

17.7 1.1 %

9.1 0.5 %

5.7 0.3 %

0.0 0.0 %

3.34 1.63 3.21 4.23 33.08 0.86 0.82 2.46 15.98 21.09 0.98 20.84 0.13 1.65 1.16 0.14 1.77 0.01 3.50 10.11 8.62 4.39 5.19 1.04 1.36 9.95 18.51 8.39

2.87 1.13 2.79 3.30 23.96 0.82 0.40 1.40 7.53 14.11 0.54 9.35 0.05 1.32 1.07 0.12 1.57 0.01 3.00 5.90 8.01 2.79 3.90 0.65 0.96 8.45 11.09 5.99

0.03 0.28 0.18 0.00 1.82 0.00 0.07 0.38 1.77 5.05 0.40 3.60 0.00 0.32 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 3.77 0.18 0.48 1.04 0.33 0.35 1.45 6.79 0.45

0.24 0.10 0.04 0.88 4.36 0.04 0.34 0.33 4.25 1.28 0.03 1.15 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.43 0.21 0.41 0.88 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.62 1.68

0.20 0.09 0.20 0.04 2.84 0.00 0.01 0.33 2.41 0.42 0.01 1.78 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.20 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.26

0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.19 0.01 4.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.13 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Tide, Wave and Ocean

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.3. Gross Inland Consumption

2.2.1. Imports – Solid Fuels

Gross Inland Consumption

Imports Imports – Solid Fuels

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

Total

800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Petroleum and Products Gases

Solid Fuels Nuclear

Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable

Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel – EU-28 – 2012 (% of Total) Total = 1 683 Mtoe

11 %

2.2. Imports

1% 34 %

14 %

Petroleum and Products Gases Solid Fuels

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 116.2 100 %

2000 131.7 113 %

2005 153.5 132 %

2010 136.3 117 %

2011 146.0 126 %

2012 150.6 130 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

10.34 2.42 1.84 7.68 12.26 0.35 1.90 0.92 8.67 9.60 0.15 13.09 0.01 0.17 0.16 0.49 1.65 0.00 11.52 2.64 1.08 3.86 3.07 0.19 4.18 3.85 2.80 11.34

8.33 2.38 1.04 3.86 22.20 0.33 1.70 0.81 13.35 13.55 0.48 13.22 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.11 1.21 0.00 14.06 3.06 1.02 3.97 1.93 0.24 3.47 3.55 2.43 15.23

5.92 2.57 1.35 3.56 26.57 0.07 1.91 0.40 14.83 14.14 0.62 16.52 0.04 0.08 0.17 0.08 1.45 0.00 13.02 3.99 2.15 3.23 2.96 0.33 3.90 3.35 2.58 27.71

4.28 1.75 2.23 2.68 32.55 0.05 0.96 0.40 7.85 12.37 0.70 14.51 0.01 0.11 0.21 0.07 1.41 0.00 12.82 3.36 8.27 1.70 1.28 0.28 3.22 3.98 2.57 16.67

4.14 2.04 2.20 3.59 33.34 0.04 1.42 0.24 9.52 10.28 0.69 15.48 0.00 0.12 0.27 0.06 1.31 0.00 15.01 3.24 8.86 2.24 1.15 0.26 3.20 4.61 2.37 20.35

3.61 1.55 1.84 2.32 33.27 0.05 1.33 0.19 12.96 11.08 0.55 15.98 0.00 0.09 0.23 0.05 1.27 0.00 14.98 3.33 5.89 3.12 1.27 0.30 3.20 2.67 1.73 27.74

Nuclear 17 %

Renewables

Imports – Solid Fuels – Total – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

Wastes, Non-Renewable

200

Other (0 %) 23 %

150 100 50 EU-28 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.2. Imports

2.2.1. Imports – Solid Fuels

Imports – Solid Fuels

Hard Coal

Ranking

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 105.8 100 %

2000 120.7 114 %

2005 144.1 136 %

2010 127.3 120 %

2011 138.0 130 %

2012 143.6 136 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

9.43 2.35 1.63 7.65 9.50 0.05 1.87 0.92 8.09 8.91 0.07 12.58 0.01 0.16 0.16 0.13 1.23 0.00 11.00 2.05 1.05 3.84 3.01 0.14 3.10 3.67 2.37 10.87

7.46 2.25 0.63 3.82 17.39 0.06 1.68 0.81 13.25 12.49 0.44 12.87 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.10 1.12 0.00 13.63 2.34 1.01 3.97 1.65 0.19 3.15 3.20 2.14 14.90

5.70 2.49 0.76 3.54 23.93 0.04 1.88 0.40 14.74 13.00 0.57 15.94 0.04 0.07 0.16 0.07 1.30 0.00 12.69 3.00 2.05 3.22 2.42 0.29 3.48 3.00 2.22 27.09

4.09 1.70 1.29 2.67 29.33 0.05 0.95 0.40 7.71 11.41 0.66 14.50 0.01 0.11 0.18 0.06 1.40 0.00 12.54 2.47 8.16 1.70 0.52 0.23 2.57 3.68 2.29 16.58

3.87 2.00 1.47 3.57 30.58 0.04 1.41 0.23 9.41 9.37 0.64 15.45 0.00 0.11 0.23 0.05 1.30 0.00 14.82 2.32 8.72 2.24 0.60 0.21 2.66 4.28 2.11 20.31

3.36 1.51 1.11 2.30 30.93 0.05 1.31 0.18 12.84 10.36 0.52 15.98 0.00 0.09 0.19 0.05 1.26 0.00 14.77 2.49 5.75 3.12 0.76 0.24 2.80 2.43 1.56 27.59

Mtoe and %

1995

Top 10 Ranking

Solid Fuels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 5 Total

IT DE NL UK BE FR ES DK SK PT

Total Of which: Hard Coal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 5 Total Total

IT NL UK DE BE FR ES DK PT FI

13.1 12.3 11.5 11.3 10.3 9.6 8.7 7.7 4.2 3.9 58.5

11.3 % 10.6 % 9.9 % 9.8 % 8.9 % 8.3 % 7.5 % 6.6 % 3.6 % 3.3 % 50.4 %

116.2

100.0 %

12.6 11.0 10.9 9.5 9.4 8.9 8.1 7.6 3.8 3.7 53.4

11.9 % 10.4 % 10.3 % 9.0 % 8.9 % 8.4 % 7.6 % 7.2 % 3.6 % 3.5 % 50.4 %

105.8

100.0 %

Imports – Hard Coal – 1990-2012 (Mtoe) 200 150 100 50 EU-28 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

2012

Imports EU-28 Share

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

MS DE UK IT NL ES FR PL BE AT SK

DE UK IT NL ES FR PL BE PT SK

Imports EU-28 Share 33.3 27.7 16.0 15.0 13.0 11.1 5.9 3.6 3.3 3.2 104.9

22.1 % 18.4 % 10.6 % 9.9 % 8.6 % 7.4 % 3.9 % 2.4 % 2.2 % 2.1 % 69.7 %

150.6

100.0 %

30.9 27.6 16.0 14.8 12.8 10.4 5.7 3.4 3.1 2.8 102.1

21.5 % 19.2 % 11.1 % 10.3 % 8.9 % 7.2 % 4.0 % 2.3 % 2.2 % 2.0 % 71.1 %

143.6

100.0 %

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.2. Imports

2.2.1. Imports – Solid Fuels

Imports – Solid Fuels

By Member State – BE-LT – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

By Member State – LU-UK – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

2.2. Imports

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

CZ MT DK NL

DE AT

FR SI HR SK IT FI CY

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.2. Imports

2.2.2. Imports – Petroleum and Products

Imports – Petroleum and Products

Total

Crude and NGL

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 801.8 100 %

2000 870.1 109 %

2005 954.3 119 %

2010 918.5 115 %

2011 897.4 112 %

2012 904.3 113 %

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 565.4 100 %

2000 610.5 108 %

2005 636.2 113 %

2010 574.5 102 %

2011 555.5 98 %

2012 568.5 101 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

44.80 7.96 8.88 10.34 146.77 1.17 6.75 21.43 67.51 102.35 4.51 106.72 2.01 2.14 5.32 1.78 7.59 0.84 90.77 11.04 15.42 17.96 11.18 2.35 5.11 12.48 26.90 59.68

52.91 5.97 8.58 9.90 147.99 0.93 9.39 23.80 78.17 114.09 4.22 109.37 2.52 1.35 5.41 2.37 7.09 1.46 106.45 12.31 20.98 17.48 6.30 2.69 6.01 15.31 27.93 69.14

58.21 7.55 10.90 8.71 147.38 1.16 9.89 26.44 87.72 122.95 5.55 108.86 2.78 2.28 9.61 3.15 8.79 1.63 125.39 15.38 24.45 19.55 9.88 2.85 6.92 15.74 27.30 83.32

56.55 7.60 10.54 9.46 128.39 1.16 9.11 27.04 80.31 106.26 4.94 97.92 2.90 1.94 10.22 2.86 8.37 2.41 149.88 13.67 28.70 15.30 8.46 3.28 6.67 16.06 27.94 80.59

54.02 7.22 10.12 9.47 122.84 1.15 8.75 24.90 79.18 106.31 4.59 91.00 2.63 2.11 10.35 2.92 8.07 2.28 145.80 13.28 29.61 14.91 8.20 3.33 7.15 17.24 27.37 82.59

54.48 7.94 10.10 10.04 125.19 2.26 8.32 28.34 78.74 101.48 4.04 86.63 2.60 2.18 10.28 2.84 7.54 2.05 151.68 13.38 29.62 14.45 7.99 3.49 6.47 16.09 27.38 88.67

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

26.34 7.39 7.06 5.44 102.37 0.00 2.27 15.51 55.34 78.65 4.26 73.81 0.80 0.00 3.10 0.00 5.89 0.00 60.76 7.57 11.95 13.04 8.31 0.49 5.08 8.51 19.50 41.91

34.04 5.18 5.68 3.78 104.69 0.00 2.99 19.60 57.70 86.84 3.97 83.27 1.16 0.00 4.86 0.00 5.88 0.00 61.20 7.29 17.48 11.63 4.76 0.13 5.74 11.55 21.97 49.10

31.61 5.84 7.70 2.72 111.74 0.00 3.16 18.92 59.94 85.42 4.05 89.91 0.00 0.00 9.05 0.00 6.25 0.00 62.88 7.86 17.74 13.46 8.86 0.00 5.46 10.57 19.49 53.55

33.25 5.36 7.78 2.75 92.31 0.00 3.14 20.39 52.69 65.21 3.56 79.64 0.00 0.00 9.16 0.00 5.67 0.00 61.38 6.64 22.52 11.39 6.11 0.00 5.30 11.21 19.62 49.37

29.77 4.88 6.94 3.07 89.49 0.00 3.09 16.67 52.41 65.37 2.89 73.39 0.00 0.00 9.08 0.00 5.84 0.00 57.36 7.26 23.49 10.50 5.75 0.00 5.85 11.68 18.71 51.98

31.55 5.77 7.14 3.79 92.49 0.00 2.98 21.37 58.92 57.59 2.36 70.02 0.00 0.00 8.65 0.00 5.44 0.00 58.38 7.46 24.42 11.25 5.26 0.00 5.21 11.28 20.26 56.87

Imports – Petroleum and Products – Total – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

Imports – Crude and NGL – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

1 500

800 600

1 000

400 500

200 EU-28

EU-28 0

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

PART 2 Energy in the EU 2.2. Imports

2.2. Imports

2.2.2. Imports – Petroleum and Products

Imports – Petroleum and Products

Ranking

By Member State – BE-LT – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

Mtoe and %

1995

Top 10 Ranking

Petroleum and Products 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 5 Total

DE IT FR NL ES UK BE SE EL PT

2012

Imports EU-28 Share

18.3 % 13.3 % 12.8 % 11.3 % 8.4 % 7.4 % 5.6 % 3.4 % 2.7 % 2.2 % 64.1 %

Total

801.8

100.0 %

Of which: Crude Oil and NGL 1 DE 2 FR 3 IT 4 NL 5 ES 6 UK 7 BE 8 SE 9 EL 10 PT Top 5 Total

102.4 78.6 73.8 60.8 55.3 41.9 26.3 19.5 15.5 13.0 370.9

18.1 % 13.9 % 13.1 % 10.7 % 9.8 % 7.4 % 4.7 % 3.4 % 2.7 % 2.3 % 65.6 %

Total

565.4

100.0 %

NL DE FR UK IT ES BE PL EL SE

DE IT ES NL FR UK BE PL EL SE

151.7 125.2 101.5 88.7 86.6 78.7 54.5 29.6 28.3 27.4 553.7

16.8 % 13.8 % 11.2 % 9.8 % 9.6 % 8.7 % 6.0 % 3.3 % 3.1 % 3.0 % 61.2 %

904.3

100.0 %

92.5 70.0 58.9 58.4 57.6 56.9 31.6 24.4 21.4 20.3 337.4

16.3 % 12.3 % 10.4 % 10.3 % 10.1 % 10.0 % 5.6 % 4.3 % 3.8 % 3.6 % 59.4 %

568.5

100.0 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

120

140

160

Imports EU-28 Share BE

146.8 106.7 102.3 90.8 67.5 59.7 44.8 26.9 21.4 18.0 514.1

100

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

180

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.2. Imports

2.2.2. Imports – Petroleum and Products

2.2.3. Imports – Gases

Imports – Petroleum and Products

Imports – Gases

By Member State – LU-UK – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

Total

2.2. Imports

100

120

140

160

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

180

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 180.12 100 %

2000 242.37 135 %

2005 323.74 180 %

2010 365.77 203 %

2011 355.11 197 %

2012 344.14 191 %

10.42 4.56 6.42 0.00 55.32 0.58 0.08 0.00 7.52 28.11 0.22 28.56 0.00 1.00 2.03 0.56 5.53 0.00 2.76 5.42 5.84 0.00 4.79 0.75 4.53 2.84 0.75 1.51

13.28 2.74 7.48 0.00 61.09 0.66 2.48 1.69 15.47 36.46 0.91 47.05 0.00 1.11 2.06 0.67 7.35 0.00 12.48 5.27 6.64 2.04 2.71 0.82 5.71 3.42 0.78 2.01

14.82 2.46 7.60 0.00 78.90 0.80 3.01 2.33 30.25 41.62 0.93 60.16 0.00 1.43 2.49 1.18 9.81 0.00 16.44 8.03 8.57 3.89 4.19 0.93 6.05 3.60 0.84 13.42

19.55 2.13 6.98 0.14 78.80 0.56 4.48 3.23 31.95 42.11 0.87 61.72 0.00 0.90 2.48 1.20 7.91 0.00 18.45 10.30 8.91 4.50 1.82 0.86 5.00 3.84 1.47 45.62

18.67 2.26 7.64 0.74 75.13 0.50 3.95 3.97 30.88 41.64 0.71 57.63 0.00 1.41 2.73 1.03 6.60 0.00 16.49 11.09 9.66 4.53 2.46 0.74 4.86 3.36 1.16 45.23

14.17 2.04 6.11 0.78 74.09 0.55 3.84 3.67 30.50 42.36 1.10 55.47 0.00 1.38 2.66 1.05 6.74 0.00 18.70 11.63 10.04 3.92 2.30 0.71 3.96 3.01 1.01 42.35

Imports – Gases – Total – 1990-2012 (Mtoe) SK

400 300

200 100 EU-28 0

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.2. Imports

2.2.3. Imports – Gases

Imports – Gases

Ranking

By Member State – BE-LT – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

Mtoe and %

1995 MS

Gases 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Top 5 Total Total

2.2. Imports

2012

Imports EU-28 Share

55.3 28.6 28.1 10.4 7.5 6.4 5.8 5.5 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.5 2.8 2.8 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0

30.7 % 15.9 % 15.6 % 5.8 % 4.2 % 3.6 % 3.2 % 3.1 % 3.0 % 2.7 % 2.5 % 2.5 % 1.6 % 1.5 % 1.1 % 0.8 % 0.6 % 0.4 % 0.4 % 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.0 %

DE IT FR UK ES NL BE AT PL HU CZ SK PT IE EL FI LT RO BG LV HR LU SE DK SI EE CY

129.9

72.1 %

74.1 55.5 42.4 42.4 30.5 18.7 14.2 11.6 10.0 6.7 6.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.0 244.8

180.1

100.0 %

344.1

21.5 % 16.1 % 12.3 % 12.3 % 8.9 % 5.4 % 4.1 % 3.4 % 2.9 % 2.0 % 1.8 % 1.2 % 1.1 % 1.1 % 1.1 % 0.9 % 0.8 % 0.7 % 0.6 % 0.4 % 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.0 % 71.1 % 100.0 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports EU-28 Share BE

DE IT FR BE ES CZ PL HU AT RO BG SK FI NL LT UK LV SE SI EE LU HR IE DK

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.2. Imports

2.2.3. Imports – Gases

2.2.4. Imports – Electricity

Imports – Gases

Imports – Electricity

By Member State – LU-UK – 1990-2012 (Mtoe) 0

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 17.0 100 %

2000 22.9 135 %

2005 28.8 170 %

2010 25.7 151 %

2011 28.4 167 %

2012 31.2 184 %

0.81 0.17 0.58 0.35 3.42 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.66 0.25 0.38 3.32 0.00 0.23 0.45 0.49 0.28 0.00 1.03 0.63 0.37 0.23 0.06 0.06 0.30 0.73 0.66 1.40

1.00 0.08 0.75 0.72 3.88 0.03 0.01 0.15 1.05 0.32 0.38 3.85 0.00 0.18 0.44 0.55 0.82 0.00 1.97 1.19 0.28 0.40 0.07 0.36 0.51 1.05 1.57 1.23

1.23 0.07 1.06 1.11 4.89 0.03 0.18 0.48 0.88 0.69 0.75 4.32 0.00 0.25 0.49 0.55 1.34 0.00 2.04 1.75 0.43 0.83 0.20 0.80 0.69 1.54 1.25 0.96

1.07 0.10 0.57 0.91 3.69 0.09 0.07 0.73 0.45 1.67 1.07 3.95 0.00 0.34 0.70 0.63 0.85 0.00 1.34 1.71 0.54 0.50 0.07 0.74 0.63 1.35 1.28 0.61

1.13 0.12 0.90 1.01 4.39 0.15 0.06 0.62 0.68 0.82 1.20 4.09 0.00 0.34 0.70 0.61 1.26 0.00 1.77 2.15 0.58 0.58 0.29 0.60 0.97 1.52 1.07 0.75

1.45 0.20 1.00 1.37 3.98 0.23 0.07 0.51 0.67 1.05 1.13 3.90 0.00 0.42 0.69 0.58 1.46 0.00 2.76 2.00 0.84 0.93 0.34 0.64 1.16 1.64 1.00 1.19

Imports – Electricity – 1990-2012 (Mtoe) SK

40 30

20 10 EU-28 0

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.2. Imports

2.2.4. Imports – Electricity

Imports – Electricity

Ranking

By Member State – BE-LT – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

Mtoe and %

1995 MS

Electricity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Top 5 Total Total

2.2. Imports

2012

Imports EU-28 Share

3.4 3.3 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0

20.1 % 19.6 % 8.3 % 6.1 % 4.8 % 4.3 % 3.9 % 3.9 % 3.7 % 3.4 % 2.9 % 2.7 % 2.2 % 2.2 % 2.0 % 1.7 % 1.6 % 1.4 % 1.3 % 1.3 % 1.0 % 0.7 % 0.4 % 0.4 % 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 58.7 %

17.0

100.0 %

DE IT NL AT FI HU BE DK UK SK HR FR SE CZ PT PL LT ES SI LU EL LV RO EE BG IE CY

4.0 3.9 2.8 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 14.3

12.7 % 12.5 % 8.9 % 6.4 % 5.3 % 4.7 % 4.6 % 4.4 % 3.8 % 3.7 % 3.6 % 3.4 % 3.2 % 3.2 % 3.0 % 2.7 % 2.2 % 2.1 % 2.1 % 1.9 % 1.6 % 1.4 % 1.1 % 0.7 % 0.6 % 0.2 % 0.0 % 45.8 %

31.2

100.0 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports EU-28 Share BE

DE IT UK NL BE FI SE ES AT CZ LU LT HR PL DK SK HU FR PT LV BG EL RO SI EE IE CY

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.2. Imports

2.2.4. Imports – Electricity

2.2.5. Imports by Country of Origin

Imports – Electricity

Imports by Country of Origin

By Member State – LU-UK – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

EU-28 – Hard Coal

2.2. Imports

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

Top 15 Ordered by 2012 Volume kton Russia Colombia United States Australia South Africa Indonesia Not specified Canada Ukraine Venezuela Kazakhstan Norway Mozambique China Turkey Other

1995 8 800 11 161 41 118 19 533 32 091 3 403 6 603 4 237 348 2 821 262 329 0 2 443 0 421

kton Extra-EU Intra-EU Total Extra and Intra-EU

2000 14 971 22 763 20 665 28 608 41 923 9 102 5 229 6 378 2 058 3 621 0 928 107 1 853 0 606

2005 48 780 24 236 15 736 27 119 51 970 14 946 3 358 6 642 4 229 2 003 932 1 124 0 587 5 253

2010 48 680 36 252 30 518 19 251 17 622 10 158 7 594 3 637 3 178 685 332 1 385 0 61 48 112

2011 53 086 48 235 36 470 17 714 15 902 10 281 8 811 4 461 4 403 1 083 588 1 152 99 119 0 83

2012 55 481 51 363 49 712 16 054 13 702 9 992 9 908 3 610 2 826 1 079 615 600 99 72 39 19

133 570 158 812 201 920 179 513 202 487 215 171 30 108 31 206 26 520 21 871 18 105 15 652 163 678 190 018 228 440 201 384 220 592 230 823

EU-28 – Imports from Extra-EU – Hard Coal – 1990-2012 Top 5 Ordered by 2012 Volume (kton)

70 000 60 000

50 000 40 000

30 000 20 000

10 000 0

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 United States South Africa

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Australia Colombia

Russia

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.2. Imports

2.2.5. Imports by Country of Origin

Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 – Crude Oil and NGL

EU-28 – Natural Gas

Top 15 Ordered by 2012 volume

Top 8 Ordered by 2012 Volume

kton Russia Norway Saudi Arabia Libya Nigeria Kazakhstan Iraq Azerbaijan Algeria Angola Mexico Iran Venezuela Equatorial Guinea Other African countries Other

1995 2000 76 319 120 185 102 203 115 904 82 419 65 143 47 978 45 883 28 597 22 532 78 9 993 0 31 331 0 3 712 17 031 21 417 4 756 3 862 7 246 9 770 52 467 35 475 9 923 6 946 0 0 143 3 035 80 638 48 205

kton Extra-EU Intra-EU Total Extra and Intra-EU

509 798 543 393 584 542 531 259 518 768 531 345 50 291 62 313 48 272 39 637 33 798 33 336 560 089 605 706 632 814 570 896 552 566 564 681

Mio barrels Extra-EU Intra-EU Total Extra and Intra-EU

2.2. Imports

3 738 369 4 106

3 984 457 4 441

2005 191 514 97 610 60 748 50 681 18 618 26 386 12 290 7 255 22 776 7 065 10 647 35 611 6 989 510 4 789 31 053

4 285 354 4 639

2010 182 941 73 428 30 774 53 754 21 796 29 705 16 952 22 922 8 256 8 483 6 783 29 679 5 002 553 4 761 35 470

3 895 291 4 185

2011 179 205 65 625 41 108 14 614 31 075 29 878 18 197 25 043 14 967 10 926 7 192 29 495 4 605 746 6 972 39 120

3 803 248 4 051

2012 177 169 60 577 46 210 43 740 42 806 27 424 21 536 20 241 16 876 10 563 9 104 6 572 6 195 6 056 5 076 31 200

3 895 244 4 140

TJ (GCV) Russia Norway Algeria Qatar Not specified Nigeria Libya Trinidad and Tobago Other Extra-EU Intra-EU Total Extra and Intra-EU

1995 4 245 121 1 159 830 1 362 649 0 58 588 0 54 497 0 47 267 6 927 952 1 451 229 8 379 181

2000 4 581 813 1 921 081 2 203 075 12 443 332 289 172 020 33 442 36 334 49 082 9 341 579 1 933 316 11 274 895

2005 5 207 198 3 040 181 2 256 826 195 713 937 105 436 319 209 499 29 673 475 679 12 788 193 2 272 283 15 060 476

2010 4 184 220 3 905 143 1 986 351 1 374 583 1 334 034 576 077 381 660 205 267 234 911 14 182 246 2 833 534 17 015 780

2011 4 277 873 3 713 876 1 767 006 1 485 596 1 260 606 589 290 92 597 140 996 227 691 13 555 531 2 963 968 16 519 499

2012 4 101 710 4 014 988 1 737 510 1 079 762 857 664 455 339 246 469 112 065 219 200 12 824 707 3 184 622 16 009 329

112 122 28 929 33 698 0 1 473 0 1 353 0 1 184

120 732 47 813 55 607 309 8 126 4 385 830 902 1 272

136 290 79 189 57 075 4 859 23 827 10 586 5 445 751 11 962

109 923 100 785 50 340 34 636 33 969 14 015 9 980 5 111 5 851

111 590 96 157 44 678 37 595 32 429 14 372 2 425 3 503 5 663

106 760 103 919 43 932 27 273 22 254 11 148 6 469 2 781 5 472

Extra-EU* 178 759 Intra-EU 41 164 Total Extra and Intra-EU* 219 923

239 976 54 116 294 092

329 984 59 648 389 632

364 610 74 366 438 976

348 412 77 669 426 081

330 008 82 720 412 728

Mio m3 Russia Norway Algeria* Qatar Not specified Nigeria Libya Trinidad and Tobago Other

EU-28 – Imports from Extra-EU – Crude Oil and NGL – 1990-2012

EU-28 – Imports from Extra-EU – Natural Gas – 1990-2012

Top 5 Ordered by 2012 Volume (kton)

Top 5 Ordered by 2012 Volume (Mio m3)

200 000

160 000 140 000

160 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

80 000 40 000

40 000

20 000 0

0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Russia Norway

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Libya Saudi Arabia

Nigeria

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Russia Norway * DG ENERGY calculations Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Algeria* Qatar

Not Specified

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.3. Energy Import Dependency

2.3.1. Import Dependency – All Fuels

2.3.2. Import Dependency by Fuel

Energy Import Dependency Import Dependency – All Fuels

Import Dependency by Fuel EU-28 – Imports from Extra-EU – 1990-2012 (%)

% Imports From Extra-EU EU-28 Index 1995

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

43.0 100.0

46.7 108.5

52.2 121.4

52.7 122.5

53.9 125.4

53.4 124.0

Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

80.9 55.9 20.6 33.4 56.8 32.4 69.4 66.7 71.7 48.0 40.6 81.9 100.4 70.4 63.1 97.7 47.9 104.7 17.7 66.4 -1.2 85.3 30.3 50.9 68.5 53.5 38.9 -16.4

78.1 46.0 22.8 -35.1 59.4 32.2 84.7 69.5 76.6 51.5 53.0 86.5 98.6 61.0 59.4 99.6 55.2 100.2 38.0 65.4 9.8 85.1 21.8 52.8 65.5 55.1 40.7 -16.9

80.0 46.7 28.0 -49.9 60.4 26.1 89.3 68.6 81.4 51.7 58.5 84.5 100.3 63.9 56.8 97.3 63.1 99.9 37.7 71.3 17.2 88.6 27.6 52.5 65.3 54.2 36.8 13.4

78.2 39.6 25.5 -16.1 60.0 13.7 86.5 69.1 76.8 49.1 52.1 84.3 100.9 44.3 81.8 97.0 58.1 99.1 30.4 62.2 31.2 75.1 21.9 49.4 62.9 48.0 36.6 28.3

73.9 36.0 27.7 -6.1 61.5 12.1 89.6 65.0 76.4 48.7 54.4 81.8 92.5 59.9 81.6 97.2 51.8 100.7 29.7 70.1 33.4 77.6 21.6 48.1 64.1 53.4 36.2 36.2

74.0 36.1 25.2 -3.4 61.1 17.1 84.8 66.6 73.3 48.1 53.6 80.8 97.0 56.4 80.3 97.4 52.3 100.5 30.7 63.6 30.7 79.5 22.7 51.6 60.0 45.4 28.7 42.2

100

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

All Fuels Hard Coal Natural Gas Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Solid Fuels Crude and NGL

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.3. Energy Import Dependency

2.3.3. Import Dependency – Solid Fuels

2.3.4. Import Dependency – Hard Coal

Import Dependency – Solid Fuels

% Imports From Extra-EU EU-28 Index 1995 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Import Dependency – Hard Coal

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

21.5 100.0

30.6 142.5

39.4 183.5

39.4 183.7

41.7 194.3

42.2 196.3

108.9 31.7 -25.5 117.9 11.2 8.6 64.8 11.0 45.4 56.8 85.9 105.9 100.0 61.4 63.9 100.0 29.5

91.1 35.1 -21.8 94.9 25.5 9.2 64.7 8.5 61.3 86.4 111.0 104.6 99.9 46.1 87.4 100.0 28.2

101.4 37.0 -16.1 94.4 31.7 0.8 70.8 4.1 70.1 94.5 91.3 99.4 93.7 94.3 93.9 100.0 42.8

97.8 24.7 -16.1 69.4 40.1 -0.4 47.8 5.1 85.1 101.0 102.5 100.9 85.1 102.8 91.3 100.0 41.9

101.2 24.4 -14.0 111.0 41.5 -0.2 68.9 2.9 69.8 98.9 98.4 96.1 3.5 100.3 104.9 100.0 37.6

94.2 21.4 -13.0 93.7 40.0 0.5 55.4 2.3 76.5 95.1 87.9 96.7 100.0 95.1 89.2 100.0 36.8

97.8 75.7 -30.2 105.8 26.5 13.6 76.7 63.4 95.4 22.2

101.9 83.9 -29.1 102.9 25.6 18.7 80.2 68.9 98.2 39.6

101.4 99.3 -23.9 96.3 33.4 21.0 88.4 67.7 97.2 72.1

121.5 99.9 -5.2 98.3 17.6 19.2 75.7 57.8 102.2 51.8

100.8 93.1 -1.1 97.3 13.8 17.5 81.8 80.9 94.4 64.1

83.6 102.6 -6.9 103.3 16.6 21.5 89.7 57.7 78.2 69.5

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

% Imports From Extra-EU EU-28 Index 1995 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

29.7 100.0

42.6 143.2

55.7 187.4

57.9 194.8

62.3 209.6

62.5 210.4

108.5 73.0 -34.2 118.0 17.1 102.4 105.9 95.2 48.5 58.0 74.6 105.6 100.0 92.9 69.1 100.0 103.5

90.4 100.5 -56.1 94.8 39.2 116.1 93.2 105.8 66.8 87.3 112.8 105.7 99.9 82.5 100.0 100.0 99.0

100.9 94.8 -49.4 94.3 57.5 96.4 100.8 112.4 74.4 92.9 90.6 99.7 93.7 96.7 102.5 100.0 105.1

100.2 88.2 -58.0 69.3 73.7 118.3 79.3 100.5 85.0 100.6 102.6 101.5 84.9 106.6 95.4 100.0 99.5

102.6 102.9 -47.8 111.1 79.9 95.7 111.1 102.1 70.0 98.8 98.5 96.0 0.0 102.3 111.5 100.0 95.7

93.8 107.2 -47.5 93.6 79.1 126.6 90.3 76.1 77.6 93.5 87.3 96.8

97.4 88.3 -31.7 105.9 81.7 100.0 92.9 89.0 101.5 21.8

101.5 91.6 -29.9 103.4 96.0 100.6 103.8 97.7 107.7 39.4

100.3 106.9 -21.3 96.3 102.2 93.7 105.2 102.6 104.3 71.5

122.3 97.5 3.7 98.3 100.8 101.4 91.9 85.5 115.2 52.0

101.4 88.8 8.6 97.3 96.7 94.6 98.0 126.2 101.0 63.7

83.9 104.0 2.5 103.3 97.4 117.9 105.9 85.8 81.5 69.8

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

99.3 95.6 100.0 97.6

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.3. Energy Import Dependency

2.3.5. Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products

2.3.6. Import Dependency – Crude and NGL

Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products

Import Dependency – Crude and NGL

% Imports From Extra-EU EU-28 Index 1995

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

74.0 100.0

75.7 102.4

82.1 111.0

84.4 114.0

85.1 115.0

86.4 116.8

% Imports From Extra-EU EU-28 Index 1995

Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

99.6 99.6 98.0 11.0 95.8 80.2 100.2 98.4 101.5 96.9 55.6 93.3 102.6 102.6 114.5 98.3 71.0 104.8 84.6 89.3 95.9 100.6 48.6 97.8 100.6 94.7 95.6 -57.4

100.2 95.4 95.3 -80.8 94.6 77.4 98.8 100.2 101.0 99.5 61.1 96.1 100.3 94.8 100.3 102.1 76.0 100.3 99.8 89.1 98.7 99.4 34.2 101.5 90.5 103.5 100.8 -54.9

100.8 102.2 97.5 -102.7 97.0 70.8 99.7 97.7 101.2 99.4 79.4 91.8 102.3 102.2 91.9 99.4 81.2 100.0 97.1 91.4 97.5 102.3 38.5 101.3 88.2 98.4 104.0 -3.2

101.4 101.0 96.4 -43.9 95.9 57.5 97.5 98.6 99.9 97.6 80.4 93.5 104.2 94.4 98.7 99.4 84.1 99.2 93.3 89.3 97.0 97.5 51.9 100.0 88.7 89.4 93.6 14.8

100.7 97.7 95.2 -47.7 94.2 56.1 101.1 93.8 99.8 97.9 79.9 91.0 95.8 101.8 91.4 99.6 82.2 100.8 91.3 91.2 95.9 100.8 47.0 100.1 90.0 97.3 99.9 27.1

99.3 96.9 95.3 -34.8 96.0 60.0 98.5 101.3 96.7 97.9 71.4 90.1 101.0 101.7 93.0 100.5 80.8 100.8 96.7 91.5 94.7 100.9 51.4 105.0 89.7 92.5 95.4 36.3

Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

73.0 100.0

74.5 102.0

81.3 111.4

84.6 115.9

85.5 117.2

87.8 120.3

99.8 99.7 100.2 6.3 96.9

100.2 98.7 95.3 -120.5 93.8

99.5 97.7 99.3 -141.3 97.3

99.9 99.1 97.5 -68.8 97.0

100.3 98.2 97.3 -63.3 96.3

99.7 99.8 97.3 -31.2 98.1

100.2 98.8 99.1 95.8 69.2 92.8 96.3

89.8 99.5 100.6 98.5 72.1 95.1 98.5

98.9 95.2 100.1 98.2 78.9 94.0

101.6 99.5 99.3 98.2 82.2 94.5

100.7 96.5 99.7 97.9 83.8 91.8

95.9 100.7 99.3 99.2 74.3 92.3

99.5

94.5

95.3

99.0

98.3

98.8

71.9

78.6

81.2

85.2

85.5

84.7

93.8 87.6 97.1 100.0 54.9 95.9 101.5 94.1 99.3 -47.7

97.7 86.9 99.1 99.0 43.5 87.0 97.6 101.5 100.6 -48.0

96.7 88.5 97.3 100.2 61.3

97.6 86.1 98.4 98.8 56.5

95.9 86.8 97.2 100.7 55.1

97.2 88.7 97.1 100.0 56.6

97.7 97.5 100.4 -0.2

99.9 101.1 99.0 13.1

100.2 98.9 100.5 29.0

99.3 100.9 99.3 36.6

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.3. Energy Import Dependency

2.4. Energy Transformation

2.3.7. Import Dependency – Natural Gas

2.4.1. Transformation Input – All Fuels

Energy Transformation Transformation Input – All Fuels

Import Dependency – Natural Gas

% Imports From Extra-EU EU-28 Index 1995 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

43.4 100.0

48.9 112.7

57.1 131.6

62.1 143.3

67.1 154.8

65.8 151.8

98.2 99.5 98.0 -47.2 78.6 100.0 3.6 0.0 97.4 93.0 11.6 63.9

99.3 93.5 99.8 -64.8 79.1 100.0 72.1 99.1 101.6 100.0 41.0 81.1

100.6 87.7 97.8 -113.9 79.6 100.0 86.7 99.1 101.4 99.3 23.7 84.7

98.8 92.6 84.8 -68.3 81.2 100.0 95.7 99.9 99.4 93.0 18.1 90.5

100.6 86.1 110.2 -55.3 86.8 100.0 96.1 100.0 101.6 103.3 19.5 90.2

98.6 83.3 89.0 -54.2 85.7 100.0 95.6 100.3 99.6 96.6 37.0 90.2

99.0 100.0 100.0 60.3

101.9 100.0 100.0 75.4

105.6 100.6 100.0 81.1

61.8 99.7 100.0 78.7

109.4 100.3 99.9 65.6

113.8 100.1 99.7 72.9

-76.4 84.8 64.6

-49.1 80.6 66.3 100.3 19.8 99.3 98.8 100.0 100.0 -10.7

-59.3 87.7 69.7 103.8 30.1 99.6 97.5 100.0 100.0 7.0

-61.6 74.4 69.3 100.4 16.8 99.3 99.9 100.0 100.0 37.7

-68.6 103.2 75.1 101.6 22.2 99.8 104.8 100.0 100.0 44.2

-74.5 86.3 73.8 99.7 21.2 99.8 89.8 100.0 100.0 47.0

24.9 100.6 86.8 100.0 100.0 1.0

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 416.2 100 %

2000 1 455.0 103 %

2005 1 527.8 108 %

2010 1 396.7 99 %

2011 1 371.7 97 %

2012 1 357.0 96 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

51.55 23.49 33.10 19.22 268.82 3.70 6.30 27.08 94.09 198.94 6.53 141.98 1.48 1.49 8.46 0.28 20.05 0.45 101.47 15.89 68.92 19.53 36.90 3.30 14.26 25.48 45.28 178.14

61.64 18.20 30.72 16.82 264.63 3.41 8.33 34.06 106.42 218.10 6.67 150.89 2.06 1.09 8.85 0.10 18.95 0.49 104.09 15.19 69.26 19.52 26.90 2.78 15.55 28.23 44.24 177.78

60.44 20.19 35.46 15.39 276.12 3.89 8.06 33.95 114.63 227.97 6.85 165.68 1.08 1.06 13.94 0.58 18.80 0.73 111.18 17.32 69.60 21.87 29.77 3.12 16.64 29.29 46.58 177.61

58.66 18.85 35.00 15.69 250.75 4.68 7.70 33.42 102.19 206.03 5.68 149.97 1.18 1.16 11.29 0.56 19.50 0.58 85.78 16.74 75.94 17.94 23.88 3.08 15.01 33.47 45.86 156.14

55.39 19.77 34.26 13.87 238.99 4.89 7.10 30.87 103.29 207.79 5.19 146.53 1.14 1.07 11.13 0.47 18.83 0.61 83.19 17.40 77.33 17.33 24.92 3.25 15.74 32.80 43.48 155.06

54.88 19.19 34.60 13.95 242.61 4.61 7.36 35.72 110.32 193.81 5.32 139.34 1.09 1.04 10.79 0.49 18.13 0.65 81.29 17.06 77.67 18.03 23.17 3.00 14.89 31.10 46.55 150.35

Transformation Input – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (Mtoe) 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 EU-28 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.4. Energy Transformation

2.4.2. Transformation Input by Fuel

2.4.3. Transformation Input by Sector

Transformation Input by Fuel

Transformation Input by Sector

4.15 1.02 1.69 1.33 19.18 0.44 2.26 2.22 11.33 6.83 0.84 25.12 0.00 0.77 1.03 0.44 2.68 0.00 10.56 2.59 2.82 2.12 2.90 0.16 1.15 2.16 0.52 19.14

10.39 4.09 7.85 0.00 25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.86 109.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.09 0.00 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.96 1.43 4.05 5.93 16.52 18.16

1.28 0.02 0.82 1.98 10.68 0.34 0.11 0.08 2.87 2.54 0.04 8.92 0.01 0.24 0.32 0.02 0.51 0.00 2.07 2.19 2.62 0.82 0.09 0.08 0.53 3.43 4.97 4.06

0.60 0.00 0.06 0.38 3.11 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.18 1.10 0.00 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.75 0.40 0.03 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.14 0.54 0.73

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: S ee Appendix 13 – No 2

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Other Transformation Input Industry

35.22 6.67 7.77 7.80 104.32 0.05 3.15 25.50 65.42 64.27 3.93 88.88 1.08 0.01 9.36 0.00 7.83 0.65 58.79 8.94 26.74 12.10 10.51 0.01 6.04 14.97 22.04 71.44

Refineries, Petroleum and sub-products

3.11 7.37 16.40 2.43 79.66 3.78 1.81 7.91 14.66 9.00 0.50 15.57 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 2.98 0.00 7.81 2.95 45.46 2.91 6.71 1.33 3.10 4.40 1.81 36.83

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

District Heating Plants

9.1 0.7 %

Nuclear Power Stations

51.7 3.8 %

Conventional Thermal Power Stations

Wastes, non-RES

227.7 16.8 %

Total, All Sectors

Renewables

125.4 9.2 %

Petroleum and Products

Nuclear

54.88 19.19 34.60 13.95 242.61 4.61 7.36 35.72 110.32 193.81 5.32 139.34 1.09 1.04 10.79 0.49 18.13 0.65 81.29 17.06 77.67 18.03 23.17 3.00 14.89 31.10 46.55 150.35

663.5 48.9 %

Solid Fuels

1 357.0 278.5 100.0 % 20.5 %

2012

Gases

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Total, All Products

2012

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

2.4. Energy Transformation

1 357.0 100.0 %

403.0 29.7 %

227.7 16.8 %

20.8 1.5 %

644.5 47.5 %

61.0 4.5 %

54.88 19.19 34.60 13.95 242.61 4.61 7.36 35.72 110.32 193.81 5.32 139.34 1.09 1.04 10.79 0.49 18.13 0.65 81.29 17.06 77.67 18.03 23.17 3.00 14.89 31.10 46.55 150.35

6.96 7.52 15.10 5.40 93.85 2.91 4.16 11.44 30.16 15.03 1.25 51.68 1.09 0.73 1.09 0.48 4.31 0.65 18.84 5.26 38.27 6.29 9.38 1.52 2.51 7.52 5.47 54.10

10.39 4.09 7.85 0.00 25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.86 109.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.09 0.00 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.96 1.43 4.05 5.93 16.52 18.16

0.03 0.21 0.66 0.89 4.72 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.52 0.08 0.13 0.00 0.30 0.48 0.00 0.66 0.00 0.26 0.89 3.27 0.00 0.46 0.06 0.42 1.58 1.43 2.31

35.19 6.50 7.71 7.65 102.55 0.00 3.11 24.28 62.04 63.14 3.81 83.03 0.00 0.00 9.21 0.00 7.78 0.00 58.18 8.87 26.57 11.70 10.10 0.00 5.79 14.66 21.77 70.90

2.31 0.87 3.28 0.01 15.84 1.26 0.09 0.00 2.26 4.37 0.18 4.50 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 1.30 0.00 3.01 2.04 9.57 0.04 0.28 0.00 2.12 1.41 1.36 4.87

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.4. Energy Transformation

2.4.4. Transformation Output – All Fuels

2.4.5. Transformation Output by Fuel

Transformation Output by Fuel

2011 1 000.1 96 %

2012 985.7 94 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

40.04 15.81 21.84 15.85 190.24 1.62 3.74 21.19 71.54 127.19 6.03 114.66 1.05 1.20 6.03 0.18 14.19 0.14 93.18 13.46 46.70 16.15 28.82 1.65 9.96 19.64 32.79 130.84

49.63 11.40 19.55 14.03 188.45 1.48 5.28 26.84 79.39 140.68 6.03 119.80 1.47 0.87 7.11 0.04 13.35 0.16 96.20 13.37 47.86 15.79 20.70 1.24 11.03 22.40 33.76 130.20

48.28 12.61 22.47 13.34 199.84 1.63 5.25 26.24 85.48 142.45 6.09 133.23 0.38 0.88 11.81 0.35 13.43 0.19 102.29 14.87 48.36 17.69 23.79 1.24 12.17 23.22 33.26 128.49

46.53 11.58 21.76 13.48 177.68 1.87 5.16 26.55 78.39 123.56 5.08 120.58 0.46 0.95 10.97 0.34 14.00 0.18 75.68 14.41 54.97 15.06 17.54 1.24 11.17 26.18 34.49 112.57

43.78 11.85 20.86 12.12 171.78 1.79 4.91 23.94 77.83 123.64 4.50 117.00 0.41 0.87 11.00 0.29 13.54 0.19 74.00 15.03 55.63 14.12 17.48 1.29 11.70 26.01 32.19 112.38

44.70 11.91 20.91 12.66 173.45 1.75 5.04 28.69 82.57 111.30 4.56 111.40 0.39 0.85 10.63 0.29 12.99 0.20 72.30 14.69 56.27 14.73 16.23 1.21 10.82 25.01 34.59 105.54

Transformation Output – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (Mtoe) 1 500

2012

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%) BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Derived Heat

2010 1 022.4 98 %

Electricity

2005 1 129.4 108 %

Gases

2000 1 078.1 103 %

985.7 100.0 %

33.5 3.4 %

643.9 65.3 %

20.4 2.1 %

228.3 23.2 %

59.5 6.0 %

44.70 11.91 20.91 12.66 173.45 1.75 5.04 28.69 82.57 111.30 4.56 111.40 0.39 0.85 10.63 0.29 12.99 0.20 72.30 14.69 56.27 14.73 16.23 1.21 10.82 25.01 34.59 105.54

1.31 0.48 1.87 0.00 8.72 0.02 0.00 0.00 1.24 2.25 0.00 2.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.00 1.36 0.94 6.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.12 0.61 0.76 2.86

35.18 6.50 7.70 7.64 102.32 0.00 3.10 24.27 62.03 63.06 3.81 82.97 0.00 0.00 9.21 0.00 7.77 0.00 58.15 8.85 26.50 11.68 10.10 0.00 5.78 14.66 21.75 70.84

0.88 0.00 1.31 0.00 5.69 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.72 1.58 0.00 1.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.00 1.26 1.02 2.24 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.84 0.50 0.49 1.65

6.56 3.55 7.06 1.75 45.13 0.99 1.94 4.37 18.55 41.38 0.47 19.19 0.39 0.20 0.31 0.22 2.89 0.20 8.35 1.90 13.32 2.52 3.79 0.99 2.05 4.55 6.91 28.79

0.76 1.38 2.97 3.27 11.58 0.58 0.00 0.05 0.00 3.03 0.28 4.94 0.00 0.64 1.11 0.07 1.18 0.00 3.16 1.98 7.82 0.51 2.13 0.23 1.03 4.69 4.69 1.40

1 000

500 EU-28 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Petroleum and Products

1995 1 045.7 100 %

Solid Fuels

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

Total, All Products

Transformation Output – All Fuels

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.4. Energy Transformation

2.4.6. Transformation Output by Sector

2.5.1. Available for Final Consumption

Final Energy Available for Final Consumption

Transformation Output by Sector

Conventional Thermal Power Stations

Nuclear Power Stations, Electricity

District Heating Plants, Heat

Refineries, Petroleum and sub-products

Other Transformation Output Industry

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Total, All Sectors

2012

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

2.5. Final Energy

985.7 100.0 %

195.0 19.8 %

75.9 7.7 %

16.9 1.7 %

643.9 65.3 %

54.1 5.5 %

44.70 11.91 20.91 12.66 173.45 1.75 5.04 28.69 82.57 111.30 4.56 111.40 0.39 0.85 10.63 0.29 12.99 0.20 72.30 14.69 56.27 14.73 16.23 1.21 10.82 25.01 34.59 105.54

3.84 3.31 6.81 4.12 44.89 1.22 1.94 4.42 13.26 6.79 0.68 24.04 0.39 0.61 0.91 0.29 2.13 0.20 10.94 3.14 18.30 3.03 4.53 0.68 1.34 5.80 4.64 22.73

3.46 1.36 2.61 0.00 8.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.29 36.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.36 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.48 1.33 1.98 5.51 6.05

0.01 0.25 0.58 0.90 3.28 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.06 0.09 0.00 0.24 0.51 0.00 0.57 0.00 0.24 0.74 2.84 0.00 0.40 0.06 0.35 1.47 1.45 1.40

35.18 6.50 7.70 7.64 102.32 0.00 3.10 24.27 62.03 63.06 3.81 82.97 0.00 0.00 9.21 0.00 7.77 0.00 58.15 8.85 26.50 11.68 10.10 0.00 5.78 14.66 21.75 70.84

2.19 0.50 3.20 0.00 14.41 0.18 0.00 0.00 1.99 3.83 0.01 4.30 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 1.16 0.00 2.63 1.95 8.63 0.01 0.21 0.00 2.01 1.11 1.25 4.51

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: S ee Appendix 13 – No 2

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 184.6 100 %

2000 1 235.8 104 %

2005 1 304.3 110 %

2010 1 270.8 107 %

2011 1 216.3 103 %

2012 1 201.2 101 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

39.99 12.93 27.84 15.05 244.01 2.98 8.11 16.40 72.46 156.84 5.32 124.85 1.47 3.93 5.12 3.17 18.16 0.41 57.26 22.74 67.25 15.91 30.36 4.23 12.23 21.84 36.67 157.11

44.67 9.99 27.19 15.04 247.33 2.66 10.80 19.08 88.79 166.29 6.05 133.74 1.74 3.28 4.27 3.55 17.72 0.44 61.00 25.43 59.10 20.21 25.03 4.70 12.72 24.94 36.21 163.80

44.35 10.56 29.24 15.49 247.12 2.98 11.69 21.39 105.95 177.38 7.06 142.62 1.80 4.11 5.39 4.53 20.35 0.41 64.77 29.90 63.48 21.69 26.87 5.23 12.84 26.64 35.23 165.28

46.33 8.79 28.67 15.78 243.69 2.99 12.09 19.66 95.70 171.21 6.94 133.51 1.96 4.31 5.47 4.36 18.61 0.51 70.37 30.27 71.89 19.81 24.78 5.15 12.65 27.64 36.90 150.81

45.50 9.53 27.08 14.99 233.24 2.73 11.34 18.85 92.96 161.12 6.79 130.21 1.92 3.94 5.93 4.33 18.11 0.47 64.59 29.22 71.13 19.01 24.73 5.10 12.05 26.58 36.06 138.84

43.63 9.31 26.34 14.73 233.60 2.87 11.04 18.41 88.43 163.94 6.44 124.32 1.78 4.11 6.06 4.21 16.94 0.48 66.39 29.20 68.10 17.50 24.23 4.99 11.35 25.89 35.30 141.59

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.5. Final Energy

2.5.2. Final Energy Consumption

Final Energy Consumption

Total

By Sector 2012 1 104.5 102 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

34.51 11.42 26.07 14.83 221.62 2.55 7.98 15.81 64.03 143.48 4.49 114.58 1.42 3.82 4.59 3.11 16.23 0.46 48.02 21.36 62.94 13.85 26.97 4.09 11.03 21.78 35.05 142.7

37.64 9.11 24.78 14.73 219.99 2.43 10.77 18.68 79.90 155.31 5.37 124.72 1.64 3.25 3.77 3.51 16.14 0.44 50.50 23.67 55.74 17.92 22.77 4.46 10.98 24.56 34.97 153.2

36.75 10.15 26.03 15.52 218.50 2.88 12.63 20.96 97.77 162.83 6.35 134.54 1.82 4.02 4.60 4.48 18.22 0.39 51.65 28.16 58.33 19.01 24.71 4.90 11.56 25.33 33.66 152.8

37.54 8.84 25.41 15.20 220.47 2.91 11.94 19.00 89.08 158.44 6.35 124.78 1.92 4.26 4.75 4.33 16.60 0.45 53.94 28.38 66.33 18.10 22.59 4.93 11.55 26.35 34.08 141.3

37.83 9.26 24.53 14.47 209.25 2.83 10.97 18.87 86.67 147.23 6.19 122.10 1.91 3.87 4.71 4.30 16.17 0.46 50.74 27.48 63.87 17.30 22.77 4.97 10.77 25.14 32.40 130.9

36.60 9.24 24.06 14.12 213.08 2.87 10.72 17.13 83.13 150.77 5.91 119.01 1.76 4.03 4.83 4.18 14.81 0.46 51.13 27.34 63.64 16.15 22.70 4.86 10.35 25.26 32.38 134.0

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

2012

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%) BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Other

2011 1 108.0 103 %

Agriculture and Fishing

2010 1 159.8 108 %

Services

2005 1 188.5 110 %

Industry

2000 1 131.0 105 %

Households

1995 1 078.7 100 %

Transport

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

351.7 31.8 %

289.2 26.2 %

282.8 25.6 %

148.7 13.5 %

25.0 2.3 %

7.2 0.7 %

9.92 3.08 6.05 4.61 61.47 0.79 4.15 6.38 33.35 50.27 2.01 39.45 0.97 1.05 1.57 2.58 3.96 0.28 14.80 8.44 17.30 6.45 5.35 1.91 2.34 4.81 8.33 50.06

7.44 2.38 6.02 4.40 57.51 0.97 2.72 5.04 15.50 42.08 1.80 31.33 0.35 1.38 1.53 0.43 5.14 0.08 10.29 6.63 19.60 2.71 8.06 1.19 2.07 5.42 7.40 39.69

13.26 2.58 8.10 2.29 61.15 0.57 2.27 3.00 20.78 29.58 1.15 29.31 0.16 0.83 1.00 0.60 2.55 0.05 13.86 9.11 14.86 4.74 6.79 1.20 4.34 10.91 11.67 26.02

4.37 1.00 3.04 1.94 32.79 0.42 1.33 2.23 10.05 22.55 0.72 15.93 0.22 0.62 0.61 0.54 2.76 0.05 8.67 2.60 8.19 1.81 1.76 0.46 1.45 1.94 4.52 16.10

0.66 0.20 0.58 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.24 0.32 2.71 4.50 0.23 2.82 0.04 0.15 0.11 0.02 0.40 0.00 3.51 0.57 3.68 0.41 0.50 0.08 0.14 0.78 0.46 0.86

0.93 0.00 0.27 0.01 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.75 1.80 0.00 0.16 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.24 0.02 0.00 1.40 0.00 1.25

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.5. Final Energy

2.5.2. Final Energy Consumption

Final Energy Consumption

By Fuel

By Sector – EU-28 – 1990-2012 (Mtoe) 400

Gases

Electricity

Renewables

Derived Heat

Solid Fuels

Wastes, Non-Renewable

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Petroleum and Products

2012

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

2.5. Final Energy

431.3 39.0 %

252.8 22.9 %

240.6 21.8 %

79.4 7.2 %

48.3 4.4 %

47.4 4.3 %

4.6 0.4 %

13.79 3.10 6.23 5.73 80.96 0.98 6.09 9.89 40.07 65.36 2.65 45.23 1.28 1.28 1.63 2.79 4.14 0.30 17.88 9.80 19.89 7.85 6.70 2.36 2.25 7.22 8.98 56.82

10.45 1.18 5.88 1.57 52.87 0.22 1.68 0.97 14.91 29.53 1.05 35.66 0.00 0.40 0.55 0.61 5.15 0.00 19.75 4.98 9.23 1.61 6.17 0.55 3.41 0.92 0.78 42.76

7.13 2.39 4.87 2.70 45.21 0.60 2.08 4.47 20.66 37.33 1.32 25.52 0.38 0.59 0.77 0.54 2.82 0.16 9.16 5.42 10.55 3.98 3.64 1.08 2.06 6.94 10.94 27.31

1.60 1.16 1.98 1.38 13.16 0.48 0.32 1.52 6.23 11.79 0.52 5.55 0.10 1.09 0.75 0.10 1.18 0.00 0.90 3.92 5.42 2.19 3.85 0.61 0.44 5.04 6.12 2.04

0.50 0.99 2.13 2.58 10.36 0.49 0.00 0.05 0.00 2.50 0.23 3.43 0.00 0.53 0.90 0.07 0.99 0.00 1.92 1.82 5.96 0.35 1.50 0.18 0.76 4.28 4.50 1.23

1.27 0.42 2.80 0.14 9.62 0.10 0.52 0.23 1.25 4.12 0.13 3.40 0.00 0.08 0.23 0.05 0.48 0.00 1.54 1.12 12.01 0.02 0.80 0.05 1.40 0.81 1.05 3.80

1.85 0.01 0.16 0.02 0.90 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.01 0.22 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.58 0.15 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.04

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Industry Services

Households Other

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2012 (Mtoe) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Wastes, Non-Renewable

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Transport Agriculture

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Gases Derived Heat

Electricity Renewables

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.5. Final Energy

2.5.3. Final Non-Energy Consumption

2.5.4. Primary Energy Intensity

Final Non-Energy Consumption

Primary Energy Intensity

Total

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 105.5 100 %

2000 110.3 105 %

2005 113.7 108 %

2010 106.2 101 %

2011 103.1 98 %

2012 98.6 94 %

Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 565.6 100 %

2000 1 616.6 103 %

2005 1 710.5 109 %

2010 1 653.5 106 %

2011 1 596.4 102 %

2012 1 584.8 101 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

5.82 1.23 2.32 0.32 23.62 0.18 0.55 0.49 7.87 15.86 0.83 9.73 0.06 0.04 0.54 0.05 1.63 0.00 9.25 1.38 3.71 2.08 1.24 0.12 0.93 1.12 1.99 12.49

6.74 0.98 2.08 0.30 25.06 0.18 0.55 0.72 9.40 16.18 0.68 8.43 0.08 0.07 0.66 0.04 1.59 0.00 10.49 1.72 4.36 2.39 1.88 0.24 1.36 1.04 1.73 11.33

7.52 0.85 2.94 0.29 24.66 0.23 0.30 0.76 8.35 14.70 0.72 8.61 0.07 0.10 0.80 0.02 2.17 0.02 13.01 1.72 4.57 2.59 2.47 0.31 1.28 1.15 2.29 11.21

8.27 0.42 2.78 0.26 22.58 0.09 0.26 1.11 7.03 12.15 0.60 9.56 0.08 0.07 0.71 0.03 1.97 0.01 15.48 1.85 4.91 1.73 1.47 0.21 1.05 1.22 2.11 8.19

7.70 0.51 2.61 0.30 22.38 0.07 0.27 0.88 6.77 12.33 0.60 9.19 0.07 0.10 1.22 0.03 1.98 0.01 13.93 1.70 4.96 1.76 1.73 0.12 1.23 1.13 1.93 7.57

7.59 0.46 2.71 0.27 21.82 0.09 0.27 0.69 5.98 11.96 0.53 7.88 0.04 0.10 1.23 0.03 1.88 0.01 14.67 1.86 4.65 1.32 1.73 0.12 0.97 1.04 1.82 6.92

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

48.12 21.46 39.36 19.90 317.95 5.35 10.49 23.37 94.20 225.91 6.26 152.03 1.89 4.58 8.09 3.28 24.55 0.76 63.42 25.70 95.12 18.55 45.07 5.95 16.79 28.16 49.48 209.76

52.41 17.54 39.09 19.45 317.21 4.80 13.75 27.57 114.25 241.43 7.14 165.79 2.32 3.79 6.40 3.60 23.71 0.80 65.08 27.26 84.64 22.89 34.77 6.21 16.94 31.39 47.17 219.23

51.22 18.91 42.18 19.29 317.19 5.39 14.74 30.65 135.87 261.67 8.22 178.86 2.47 4.49 7.91 4.77 25.44 0.95 68.46 32.64 87.97 24.89 36.74 7.02 17.75 33.37 48.70 222.78

52.76 17.35 41.95 19.88 311.09 6.07 14.87 27.62 122.83 254.97 7.97 165.20 2.64 4.69 6.07 4.61 23.84 0.94 71.13 32.75 96.01 22.55 34.33 7.02 16.81 35.84 48.67 203.03

51.97 18.58 40.62 18.45 294.74 6.12 13.72 26.91 121.44 245.51 7.93 162.80 2.61 4.28 5.78 4.53 23.12 0.91 66.28 31.95 96.26 21.86 34.83 7.16 16.18 34.38 47.78 189.72

48.73 17.77 40.08 17.87 297.63 6.03 13.58 27.06 121.31 246.43 7.59 155.34 2.47 4.44 5.86 4.42 21.68 0.83 67.11 31.79 93.33 20.88 33.64 6.88 15.74 33.05 47.97 195.37

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.6. Electricity

2.6.1. Installed Electricity Capacity

Electricity Installed Electricity Capacity

Installed Electricity Capacity

Total

By Fuel

800 000

952 137 495 193 148 931 123 201 106 289 100.0 % 52.0 % 15.6 % 12.9 % 11.2 %

68 702 7.2 %

9 821 1.0 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

20 765 11 637 20 447 14 072 177 291 2 923 8 770 22 307 105 164 129 243 4 222 124 234 1 735 2 660 4 237 1 788 9 400 590 29 920 22 917 35 283 19 752 21 767 3 351 8 412 16 908 37 843 94 499

2 581 1 013 2 022 399 32 641 0 0 1 536 4 603 3 953 4 16 420 17 0 7 74 12 19 365 363 1 238 41 142 513 8 24 1 706

0 0 0 0 372 0 200 4 556 2 000 1 512 0 1 039 10 2 25 0 0 0 57 1 0 25 0 0 19 0 0 3

9 469 4 912 11 915 9 501 89 649 2 649 6 278 11 226 49 786 27 764 1 897 76 793 1 561 1 023 3 054 522 7 007 571 26 518 8 161 30 367 9 360 11 945 1 267 3 416 10 695 8 362 69 525

600 000 400 000 200 000 EU-28 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 * No complete EU-28 data available for 1990-2000 Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

1 424 3 129 2 212 9 11 257 8 529 3 236 18 550 25 367 2 141 21 880 0 1 576 876 1 134 56 0 37 13 076 2 351 5 717 6 548 1 254 2 522 3 198 16 414 4 430

5 927 1 906 4 040 0 12 068 0 0 0 7 450 63 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 000 0 510 0 0 0 1 411 688 1 939 2 750 9 436 9 946

Wind

Other Sources

1 000 000

Solar PV

Installed Electricity Capacity – Total – 1990-2012 (MW)

MW EU-28 Share (%)

Nuclear

14 917 15 685 16 096 18 322 20 098 20 765 1 975 11 085 12 260 10 027 10 236 11 637 13 803 15 323 17 406 19 829 20 181 20 447 10 841 12 316 13 035 13 438 13 587 14 072 116 226 118 884 128 612 162 698 175 896 177 291 2 800 2 559 2 751 2 825 2 923 4 060 4 707 6 270 8 525 8 791 8 770 8 942 10 904 13 306 15 312 16 524 22 307 45 621 53 924 76 574 101 788 102 806 105 164 107 616 114 684 115 787 124 550 127 263 129 243 2 072 2 079 3 866 4 121 4 178 4 222 65 923 75 510 85 498 106 488 118 443 124 234 690 988 1 125 1 565 1 742 1 735 2 068 2 092 2 166 2 557 2 577 2 660 5 866 5 716 4 556 3 570 3 691 4 237 1 250 1 217 1 682 1 711 1 741 1 788 7 404 8 282 8 586 8 993 9 654 9 400 571 571 578 590 19 034 21 062 21 800 26 686 28 049 29 920 17 394 17 802 18 898 21 187 22 556 22 917 29 482 30 559 32 257 33 360 34 554 35 283 9 384 10 908 13 374 18 931 19 925 19 752 5 998 6 120 18 951 19 912 20 499 21 767 2 518 2 614 2 992 3 193 3 268 3 351 7 238 7 454 8 257 7 873 8 363 8 412 14 434 16 261 16 468 16 693 16 763 16 908 33 625 33 724 33 390 36 454 35 227 37 843 70 125 78 393 82 378 93 658 92 871 94 499

Hydro

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2012 Combustible Fuels

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 618 507 681 093 758 149 884 763 922 886 952 137 100 % 110 % 123 % 143 % 149 % 154 % Installed Electricity Capacity

MW EU-28* Index 1995

1 364 677 258 4 163 31 304 266 1 763 1 753 22 775 7 517 180 8 102 147 59 275 58 325 0 2 433 1 316 2 564 4 412 1 822 0 3 257 3 607 8 889

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.6. Electricity

2.6.1. Installed Electricity Capacity

2.6.2. Gross Electricity Generation

Installed Electricity Capacity*

Gross Electricity Generation

Renewables

Total

* Net maximum capacity Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Tide, Wave and Ocean

1 364 677 258 4 163 31 304 266 1 763 1 753 22 775 7 517 180 8 102 147 59 275 58 325 0 2 433 1 316 2 564 4 412 1 822 0 3 257 3 607 8 889

Geothermal

1 424 3 129 2 212 9 11 257 8 529 3 236 18 550 25 367 2 141 21 880 0 1 576 876 1 134 56 0 37 13 076 2 351 5 717 6 548 1 254 2 522 3 198 16 414 4 430

Solar Thermal

Wind

148 931 106 289 15.6 % 11.2 %

Solar PV

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Hydro

2012

MW EU-28 Share (%)

2.6. Electricity

68 702 7.2 %

2 002 0.2 %

778 0.1 %

243 0.0 %

2 581 1 013 2 022 399 32 641 0 0 1 536 4 603 3 953 4 16 420 17 0 7 74 12 19 365 363 1 238 41 142 513 8 24 1 706

0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 2 0 728 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

TWh EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2 742.7 100 %

2000 3 035.9 111 %

2005 3 325.1 121 %

2010 3 364.4 123 %

2011 3 295.1 120 %

2012 3 295.2 120 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

74.41 41.79 60.85 36.76 537.28 8.69 17.86 41.55 167.09 494.07 8.86 241.49 2.50 3.98 13.90 1.23 34.02 1.63 80.93 56.23 139.01 33.27 59.27 12.91 26.77 64.04 148.35 334.04

84.01 40.92 73.47 36.05 576.54 8.51 23.98 53.84 224.47 540.73 10.70 276.65 3.37 4.14 11.43 1.17 35.19 1.92 89.63 61.26 145.18 43.76 51.93 13.62 31.16 69.97 145.27 377.07

87.03 44.37 82.58 36.25 622.58 10.21 25.97 60.02 294.08 576.20 12.46 303.70 4.38 4.91 14.78 4.13 35.76 2.24 100.22 66.41 156.94 46.58 59.41 15.12 31.46 70.57 158.44 398.36

95.12 46.65 85.91 38.86 632.98 12.96 28.60 57.39 301.53 569.16 14.11 302.06 5.32 6.63 5.75 4.59 37.37 2.12 118.14 71.13 157.66 54.09 60.98 16.43 27.86 80.67 148.56 381.76

90.24 50.80 87.56 35.23 613.07 12.89 27.47 59.44 293.85 560.34 10.83 302.58 4.93 6.10 4.82 3.72 35.98 2.19 112.97 65.81 163.55 52.46 62.22 16.06 28.66 73.48 150.38 367.46

82.87 47.33 87.57 30.73 629.81 11.97 27.59 60.96 297.56 564.28 10.56 299.28 4.72 6.17 5.04 3.81 34.59 2.29 102.51 72.62 162.14 46.61 59.05 15.73 28.66 70.40 166.56 363.84

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.6. Electricity

2.6.2. Gross Electricity Generation

Gross Electricity Generation

By Fuel

Renewables

11.76 6.08 8.80 14.84 149.55 1.48 5.46 10.34 90.58 88.23 5.23 94.20 0.26 4.11 1.70 1.37 2.65 0.02 12.54 55.12 17.31 20.41 15.20 4.51 5.81 28.54 98.44 44.23

25.62 2.36 3.85 4.19 87.49 0.63 13.73 13.36 74.23 24.54 2.51 134.03 0.00 2.06 2.88 2.39 9.51 0.00 58.84 11.54 8.08 10.67 8.73 0.53 3.34 7.22 1.31 101.08

0.12 0.22 0.09 0.40 7.63 0.06 0.25 6.08 15.32 4.34 0.58 18.89 4.46 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.18 2.27 1.09 0.74 2.05 2.19 0.75 0.01 0.51 0.31 0.65 3.06

1.46 0.00 0.06 0.73 6.55 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.72 2.23 0.00 2.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.12 0.00 1.76 0.79 0.06 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.24 1.26 1.88

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: S ee Appendix 13 – No 2

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Tide, Wave and Ocean

40.30 15.79 30.32 0.00 99.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 61.47 425.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.79 0.00 3.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.47 5.53 15.50 22.99 64.04 70.41

Geothermal

82.87 3.39 47.33 22.88 87.57 44.45 30.73 10.57 629.81 277.13 11.97 9.80 27.59 8.10 60.96 31.12 297.56 55.07 564.28 18.92 10.56 2.24 299.28 49.14 4.72 0.00 6.17 0.00 5.04 0.00 3.81 0.00 34.59 6.34 2.29 0.00 102.51 24.21 72.62 4.41 162.14 134.65 46.61 13.09 59.05 22.90 15.73 5.15 28.66 3.42 70.40 10.78 166.56 0.88 363.84 143.18

TWh EU-28 Share (%)

Solar

20.6 0.6 %

Biomass and Renewable

72.5 2.2 %

Wind

614.7 18.7 %

Hydro

Gases

798.7 24.2 %

798.7 100.0 %

366.4 45.9 %

205.8 25.8 %

149.4 18.7 %

71.0 8.9 %

5.8 0.7 %

0.5 0.1 %

11.76 6.08 8.80 14.84 149.55 1.48 5.46 10.34 90.58 88.23 5.23 94.20 0.26 4.11 1.70 1.37 2.65 0.02 12.54 55.12 17.31 20.41 15.20 4.51 5.81 28.54 98.44 44.23

1.66 3.98 2.86 0.02 27.85 0.04 1.01 4.59 24.16 63.60 4.80 43.85 0.00 3.71 0.94 1.16 0.21 0.00 0.10 47.68 2.47 6.66 12.34 4.08 4.44 16.86 79.06 8.25

2.75 1.22 0.42 10.27 50.67 0.43 4.01 3.85 49.47 14.91 0.33 13.41 0.19 0.11 0.54 0.08 0.77 0.00 4.98 2.46 4.75 10.26 2.64 0.00 0.01 0.49 7.17 19.58

5.20 0.07 3.37 4.45 44.63 1.00 0.44 0.20 4.98 5.25 0.09 12.49 0.05 0.29 0.22 0.09 1.66 0.01 7.20 4.64 10.09 2.95 0.21 0.27 0.94 11.18 12.19 15.20

2.15 0.81 2.15 0.10 26.38 0.00 0.00 1.69 11.97 4.02 0.00 18.86 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.25 0.34 0.00 0.39 0.01 0.16 0.42 0.01 0.02 1.19

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Renewables

882.4 26.8 %

Wastes, non-RES

Nuclear

3 295.2 901.8 100.0 % 27.4 %

Gross Electricity Generation

Solid Fuels

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2012 Petroleum and Products

2012

TWh EU-28 Share (%)

2.6. Electricity

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.6. Electricity

2.6.2. Gross Electricity Generation

Gross Electricity Generation

EU-28 by Fuel

EU-28 – Gross Electricity Generation by Fuel – 1990-2012 (TWh) 1 200

Solid Fuels

Nuclear

Renewables

Gases

Petroleum and Products

2012

Share of Total (%) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

2.6. Electricity

39.3 38.7 37.2 35.5 35.1 34.5 33.6 31.6 31.2 29.8 30.8 30.2 30.4 31.1 29.8 28.9 29.2 29.1 26.6 25.5 24.7 25.8 27.4

30.6 31.1 31.5 32.8 32.2 32.1 32.5 32.8 31.9 31.9 31.1 31.4 31.5 30.8 30.5 30.0 29.4 27.6 27.7 27.8 27.2 27.5 26.8

12.6 12.9 13.6 13.9 14.1 13.9 13.5 13.9 14.3 14.4 14.8 15.3 13.9 13.6 14.8 14.9 15.4 16.2 17.5 19.5 21.1 21.4 24.2

8.6 8.2 8.1 9.1 10.1 10.7 12.0 13.8 14.5 16.6 16.9 17.0 17.7 18.7 19.8 21.2 21.3 23.0 24.4 23.5 23.7 22.3 18.7

8.6 8.8 9.2 8.3 8.1 8.4 8.0 7.5 7.5 6.9 6.0 5.6 5.9 5.3 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.2 2.2

1 000 800 600 400 200 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Solid Fuels Gases

Renewables Nuclear

Petroleum and Products Wastes, non-RES

EU-28 – Gross Electricity Generation – Renewables – 1990-2012 (TWh) 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Hydro Solar

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Biomass and Renewable Wastes Tide, Wave and Ocean

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Wind Geothermal

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.6. Electricity

2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.6.3. Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer

2.7.1. Cumulative Capacity

Intermittent Energy Cumulative Capacity

Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer

Total % BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1999 92.3

2000 91.1

2005 85.0

2010 79.1

2011 70.7

2012 65.8

71.0 40.0 28.1 93.0 97.0 98.0 51.8 93.8

69.2 36.0 34.0 91.0 97.0 97.0 42.4 90.2

68.0 37.0

87.0 38.0

46.7 99.6 95.8 72.8

38.9 100.0

41.3 100.0

38.7 100.0

73.0 46.0 28.4 89.0 34.0 85.1 24.0 86.5 88.0 28.0 100.0 88.0 35.4 85.4 42.1 100.0

68.0 42.0

71.1 99.7 96.5 73.7

72.0 33.0 31.0 92.0 71.0 97.0 35.0 89.1 87.0 38.6 100.0 92.7 70.3

23.5 86.0 83.0 27.0 100.0 86.0 24.9 82.0 44.1 100.0

88.0 55.0 77.0 23.8 86.0 82.0 26.0 100.0 89.0 30.4 81.8 47.1 100.0

21.4 20.8 57.8

32.6 19.5 58.5

83.6 26.0 52.8 21.0

85.1 23.3 49.5 20.6

18.5 53.9 36.4 50.1 83.6 23.0 47.0 20.5

17.4 47.2 33.6 56.3 80.9 26.6 42.0 21.0

55.3 17.8 44.9 26.0 52.4 77.7 25.6 41.0 45.6

56.6 16.4 37.2 26.7 55.2 78.9 25.2 44.0 51.7

MW EU-28

1995 2 496

2000 12 906

2005 42 706

2010 114 777

2011 146 644

2012 176 993

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

5 0 0 617 1 155 0 6 27 105 5 0 38 0 1 0 0 0 0 252 1 0 8 0 0 0 7 69 200

14 0 1 2 391 6 209 0 115 226 2 218 64 0 382 0 2 0 14 0 0 460 55 4 84 0 0 0 41 212 414

169 8 23 3 130 20 431 31 494 492 9 978 736 6 1 669 1 26 1 59 17 0 1 275 808 121 1 066 1 0 5 86 497 1 576

1 816 513 1 940 3 809 44 734 108 1 389 1 500 25 346 7 024 79 9 264 89 30 133 73 295 0 2 325 1 135 1 108 3 930 389 12 22 204 2 030 5 480

2 460 695 2 126 3 969 54 099 180 1 631 2 252 27 030 9 482 130 19 691 144 36 202 86 335 7 2 461 1 397 1 801 4 428 989 57 499 207 2 781 7 469

3 945 1 690 2 280 4 562 63 947 266 1 763 3 289 29 378 11 470 184 24 522 164 59 282 132 337 19 2 798 1 679 2 565 4 650 1 863 142 516 265 3 631 10 595

Intermittent Energy – Cumulative Capacity – Total – 1990-2012 (MW) 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 EU-28 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

PART 2 Energy in the EU 2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.1. Cumulative Capacity

2.7.2. Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity

Cumulative Capacity

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity

Share of Total

Total

% EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2.7. Intermittent Energy

1995 0.4

2000 1.9

2005 5.6

2010 13.0

2011 15.9

2012 18.6

MW EU-28

1995 2 447

2000 12 726

2005 40 409

2010 84 648

2011 94 177

2012 106 289

0.03

0.09

5.69 0.99

0.01 19.41 5.22

0.15 0.30 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.06

2.44 2.07 4.11 0.06 0.00 0.51

0.05

0.10

1.05 0.07 0.13 24.01 15.89 1.21 7.88 3.70 13.03 0.64 0.16 1.95 0.09 1.20 0.02 3.51 0.20

9.91 5.12 9.78 28.34 27.50 3.93 16.29 9.80 24.90 5.64 1.92 8.70 5.69 1.17 3.73 4.27 3.28

12.24 6.79 10.53 29.21 30.76 6.37 18.55 13.63 26.29 7.45 3.11 16.62 8.27 1.40 5.47 4.94 3.47

19.00 14.52 11.15 32.42 36.07 9.10 20.10 14.74 27.94 8.87 4.36 19.74 9.45 2.22 6.66 7.38 3.59

0.09

2.18 0.31 0.01 0.77

5.85 4.28 0.38 7.97

0.05 0.21 0.29

0.25 0.63 0.53

0.06 0.52 1.49 1.91

8.71 5.36 3.32 20.76 1.95 0.38 0.28 1.22 5.57 5.85

8.77 6.19 5.21 22.22 4.82 1.74 5.97 1.23 7.89 8.04

9.35 7.33 7.27 23.54 8.56 4.24 6.13 1.57 9.59 11.21

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

5 0 0 617 1 137 0 6 27 98 3 0 22 0 1 0 0 0 0 250 0 0 8 0 0 0 6 67 200

14 0 1 2 390 6 095 0 115 226 2 206 57 0 363 0 2 0 14 0 0 447 50 4 83 0 0 0 38 209 412

167 8 22 3 127 18 375 31 494 491 9 918 723 6 1 635 0 26 1 35 17 0 1 224 778 121 1 064 1 0 5 82 493 1 565

912 488 213 3 802 27 180 108 1 389 1 298 20 693 5 994 79 5 794 82 30 133 44 293 0 2 237 981 1 108 3 796 389 0 3 197 2 019 5 386

1 069 541 213 3 952 29 060 180 1 631 1 640 21 529 6 679 130 6 918 134 36 202 45 331 0 2 316 1 080 1 800 4 256 988 0 3 199 2 769 6 476

1 364 677 258 4 163 31 304 266 1 763 1 753 22 775 7 517 180 8 102 147 59 275 58 325 0 2 433 1 316 2 564 4 412 1 822 0 3 257 3 607 8 889

1.15

1.32 0.01

Intermittent Energy – Cumulative Capacity – Share of Total – 1990-2012 (%)

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity – Total – 1990-2012 (MW)

200 000

150 000

100 000

50 000 EU-28

0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

EU-28 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.2. Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity

2.7.3. Wind Gross Electricity Production

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity

Wind Gross Electricity Production

Share of Total

Total

% EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2.7. Intermittent Energy

1995 0.4

2000 1.9

2005 5.3

2010 9.6

2011 10.2

2012 11.2

0.0

0.1

5.7 1.0

0.0 19.4 5.1

0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.4 2.1 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.5

1.0 0.1 0.1 24.0 14.3 1.2 7.9 3.7 13.0 0.6 0.2 1.9

5.0 4.9 1.1 28.3 16.7 3.9 16.3 8.5 20.3 4.8 1.9 5.4

0.0

0.1

1.2 0.0 2.1 0.2

1.2 3.7 2.6 3.3

5.3 5.3 1.1 29.1 16.5 6.4 18.6 9.9 20.9 5.2 3.1 5.8 7.7 1.4 5.5 2.6 3.4

6.6 5.8 1.3 29.6 17.7 9.1 20.1 7.9 21.7 5.8 4.3 6.5 8.5 2.2 6.5 3.2 3.5

0.1

2.1 0.3 0.0 0.8

5.6 4.1 0.4 8.0

8.4 4.6 3.3 20.1 2.0

8.3 4.8 5.2 21.4 4.8

8.1 5.7 7.3 22.3 8.4

0.0 0.2 0.3

0.2 0.6 0.5

0.1 0.5 1.5 1.9

0.0 1.2 5.5 5.8

0.0 1.2 7.9 7.0

0.0 1.5 9.5 9.4

1.2

1.3

TWh EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 4.1

2000 22.3

2005 70.5

2010 149.3

2011 179.5

2012 205.8

0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 9.4 0.0 0.2 0.5 4.7 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.9

0.2 0.0 0.0 6.6 27.2 0.1 1.1 1.3 21.2 1.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.3 0.1 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 2.9

1.3 0.7 0.3 7.8 37.8 0.3 2.8 2.7 44.3 9.9 0.1 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 4.0 2.1 1.7 9.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 3.5 10.2

2.3 0.9 0.4 9.8 48.9 0.4 4.4 3.3 42.9 12.1 0.2 9.9 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.0 5.1 1.9 3.2 9.2 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 6.1 15.5

2.8 1.2 0.4 10.3 50.7 0.4 4.0 3.9 49.5 14.9 0.3 13.4 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.0 5.0 2.5 4.7 10.3 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 7.2 19.6

Wind Gross Electricity Production – Total – 1990-2012 (TWh) 400 300 200 100 EU-28 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

100

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.3. Wind Gross Electricity Production

2.7.4. Wind Capacity Factor

Wind Gross Electricity Production

Wind Capacity Factor

Penetration Level

Annual Average

% EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

101

2.7. Intermittent Energy

1995 0.1

2000 0.7

2005 2.1

2010 4.4

2011 5.4

2012 6.2

0.0

3.2 0.3

11.8 1.6

0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.0 0.8 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.3 0.0 0.0 18.2 4.4 0.5 4.3 2.1 7.2 0.2 0.1 0.8

1.4 1.5 0.4 20.1 6.0 2.1 9.8 4.7 14.7 1.7 1.0 3.0

1.0 0.0 1.3 0.0

0.7 3.9 1.2 1.4

2.6 1.7 0.5 27.7 8.0 2.9 15.9 5.6 14.6 2.2 1.9 3.3 2.3 1.2 9.9 1.7 1.7

3.3 2.6 0.5 33.4 8.0 3.6 14.5 6.3 16.6 2.6 3.1 4.5 3.9 1.8 10.7 2.0 2.2

0.1 2.3

0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.9 0.1 0.0 0.4

2.1 2.0 0.1 3.8

3.4 2.9 1.1 17.0 0.5

4.5 2.9 2.0 17.5 2.2

4.9 3.4 2.9 22.0 4.5

0.0 0.1 0.1

0.1 0.3 0.3

0.0 0.2 0.6 0.7

0.0 0.4 2.4 2.7

0.0 0.7 4.0 4.2

0.0 0.7 4.3 5.4

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

% EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 19.0

2000 19.9

2005 19.9

2010 20.1

2011 21.7

2012 22.1

20.5

13.0

21.8 17.2

20.2 17.5

30.4 14.4 31.4 19.0 0.0 4.7

24.2 22.8 24.4 15.4 0.0 17.7

15.5 7.1 10.9 24.1 16.9 19.9 25.7 29.4 24.4 15.2 19.0 16.4

16.2 15.9 17.9 23.4 15.9 29.3 23.1 23.9 24.4 18.9 20.1 18.0

20.6 22.8 16.9 6.7

18.6 19.2 14.3 20.8

24.7 18.2 21.3 28.2 19.2 23.3 30.6 23.1 22.7 20.6 17.6 16.3 9.7 22.5 26.8 16.2 21.6

23.0 20.6 18.4 28.1 18.5 18.6 25.9 25.1 24.8 22.6 20.9 18.9 14.4 22.0 22.4 14.8 27.0

22.8

21.2 15.3 14.3 23.1

19.3 19.5 12.7 19.0

20.4 24.0 17.1 27.6 9.0

25.1 20.4 20.3 24.6 16.0

23.4 21.4 21.1 26.5 16.5

20.9 16.9 22.3

23.4 24.9 26.2

13.7 23.7 21.7 21.2

22.8 17.0 19.8 21.6

19.0 27.6 25.0 27.3

22.8 21.9 22.7 25.1

22.8 22.0

14.5

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

102

PART 2 Energy in the EU

PART 2 Energy in the EU 2.7. Intermittent Energy

103

2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.5. Solar Collectors’ Surface

2.7.6. Solar Installed Capacity

Solar Collectors' Surface

Solar Installed Capacity Total

1 000 m2 EU-28

1995 6 420

2000 10 879

2005 18 582

2010 36 812

2011 40 449

2012 46 387

MW EU-28

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

36 0 0 6 1 166 0 2 2 101 319 590 0 174 0 0 0 0 27 0 162 1 241 0 200 0 0 0 7 135 254

41 0 0 6 3 251 0 4 2 941 403 513 0 271 0 0 0 0 36 0 360 2 202 0 238 0 0 0 10 207 396

77 0 85 19 7 099 0 13 3 047 797 583 0 680 730 0 0 6 45 0 620 3 083 95 289 0 0 64 16 371 863

371 194 309 45 14 044 0 182 4 100 2 373 1 480 92 2 415 909 0 0 28 140 0 811 4 441 656 752 0 0 123 33 510 2 804

420 230 375 110 15 234 0 219 4 090 2 651 1 595 106 2 744 937 0 0 32 150 0 843 4 763 909 876 0 0 146 37 446 3 536

420 256 425 2 600 16 309 0 272 4 122 2 851 1 767 125 3 018 959 0 0 38 150 0 865 4 929 1 200 967 0 0 154 40 472 4 448

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 49

2000 180

2005 2 297

2010 30 129

2011 52 467

2012 70 704

0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 7 2 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0

0 0 0 1 114 0 0 0 12 7 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 5 0 1 0 0 0 3 3 2

2 0 1 3 2 056 0 0 1 60 13 0 34 1 0 0 24 0 0 51 30 0 2 0 0 0 4 4 11

904 25 1 727 7 17 554 0 0 202 4 653 1 030 0 3 470 7 0 0 29 2 0 88 154 0 134 0 12 19 7 11 94

1 391 154 1 913 17 25 039 0 0 612 5 501 2 803 0 12 773 10 0 0 41 4 7 145 317 1 172 1 57 496 8 12 993

2 581 1 013 2 022 399 32 643 0 0 1 536 6 603 3 953 4 16 420 17 0 7 74 12 19 365 363 1 238 41 142 513 8 24 1 706

Solar Collectors’ Surface – 1990-2012 (1 000 m2)

Solar Installed Capacity – Total – 1990-2012 (MW)

80 000

200 000

60 000

150 000

40 000

100 000

20 000

50 000

EU-28

EU-28 0

0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

104

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.7. Solar Gross Electricity Production

2.7.8. Solar Penetration Level

Solar Gross Electricity Production

Solar Penetration Level

Total

In Total Gross Electricity Generation

TWh EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

105

2.7. Intermittent Energy

1995 0.0

2000 0.1

2005 1.5

2010 23.3

2011 47.3

2012 71.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 7.2 0.6 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.2 0.1 2.2 0.0 19.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 9.4 2.1 0.0 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2

2.1 0.8 2.1 0.1 26.4 0.0 0.0 1.7 12.0 4.0 0.0 18.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.2

% EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.0

2000 0.0

2005 0.0

2010 0.7

2011 1.4

2012 2.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.6 0.0 0.7 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.4 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.3 0.2 2.5 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.2 0.4 0.0 3.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.1

2.6 1.7 2.5 0.3 4.2 0.0 0.0 2.8 4.0 0.7 0.0 6.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.8 0.0 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.3

Solar Gross Electricity Production – Total – 1990-2012 (TWh) 200 EU-28 150 100 50 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

106

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.8. CHP

2.8.1. CHP Electricity

2.8.2. CHP Heat

CHP CHP Electricity

CHP Heat

Generation and Capacity

Production and Capacity

EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

CHP Electricity Generation

CHP Electrical Capacity

CHP Heat Production

TWh

2005 366.1

2010 394.6

2011 377.7

2005 98.2

2010 105.6

2011 106.0

7.4 2.7 13.9 18.9 77.9 1.0 0.6 1.0 22.9 23.2 0.0 27.4 0.0 1.5 2.3 0.4 6.8 0.0 29.5 10.1 26.3 5.4 15.6 1.1 4.8 27.5 10.7 27.2

15.2 3.7 12.2 19.1 83.2 1.3 1.9 2.5 22.4 15.7 2.0 34.7 0.1 3.0 2.0 0.4 7.3 0.0 39.2 11.0 27.7 6.4 6.5 1.1 4.4 29.2 18.5 23.6

14.5 3.4 11.2 16.3 79.6 1.3 2.0 2.7 22.1 15.7 2.2 34.7 0.0 2.9 1.8 0.4 6.0 0.0 36.7 10.3 27.1 6.6 7.3 1.1 7.0 26.6 15.1 23.2

1.9 1.2 5.2 5.7 20.8 1.6 0.1 0.2 3.1 6.6 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.6 1.0 0.1 2.1 0.0 7.2 3.3 8.3 1.1 5.3 0.3 1.9 5.8 3.5 5.4

2.6 1.0 4.8 5.8 22.5 0.4 0.3 0.6 3.4 4.6 0.7 7.4 0.0 0.9 1.1 0.1 1.9 0.0 9.3 3.2 8.7 1.3 4.6 0.3 2.8 6.2 5.1 6.1

2.6 1.1 4.7 5.5 26.6 0.4 0.3 0.6 3.0 4.6 0.7 7.3 0.0 0.9 1.2 0.1 1.8 0.0 9.2 3.7 8.8 1.4 2.2 0.3 2.5 6.2 4.0 6.1

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

CHP Heat Capacity GW

2005 3 112.5

2010 3 038.4

2011 2 994.0

2010 266.2

2011 265.5

75.9 50.4 150.7 119.0 652.5 11.5 4.4 9.7 192.5 209.2 0.0 193.1 0.1 11.9 19.9 1.2 47.4 0.0 220.3 95.8 275.4 59.6 95.4 15.0 33.7 250.0 132.7 185.2

0.0 40.4 135.7 124.7 675.8 12.3 12.0 12.7 153.3 173.9 14.9 202.5 0.1 10.4 19.3 3.2 42.2 0.0 233.6 110.6 277.1 67.2 69.0 11.6 20.1 272.8 187.2 155.5

93.7 38.5 121.1 108.1 638.9 12.3 11.0 13.8 159.0 173.9 14.9 202.5 0.2 9.3 15.8 3.1 35.1 0.0 224.0 96.4 263.5 69.3 71.9 11.0 26.2 255.0 171.5 153.9

4.8 3.9 20.5 10.2 63.9 1.5 0.7 1.0 10.3 13.3 1.7 13.9 0.0 0.8 2.5 0.0 3.4 0.0 18.6 8.6 24.8 4.8 10.8 0.8 9.2 16.0 12.3 7.8

5.2 4.1 23.4 9.8 66.0 1.5 0.7 0.8 7.9 13.3 1.7 13.9 0.0 0.9 2.5 0.0 3.1 0.0 18.8 8.4 24.8 4.6 10.4 0.8 9.7 16.0 9.4 7.8

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

107

108

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.8. CHP

2.8.3. CHP Electricity and Heat

2.9.1. Gross Heat Generation

CHP Electricity and Heat

Heat Gross Heat Generation

EU-28 – CHP Electricity and Heat Generation (PJ – GCV)

Total

3 500

PJ (GCV) EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1995 2 264.3 100 %

2000 2 169.4 96 %

2005 2 588.5 114 %

2010 2 668.1 118 %

2011 2 472.7 109 %

2012 2 490.8 110 %

10.0 133.5 175.9 119.1 416.6 31.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.0 13.2 0.0 0.0 46.1 66.9 0.0 61.3 0.0 107.1 39.2 420.8 1.5 287.0 8.9 42.1 97.7 163.1 0.0

23.2 50.8 139.2 119.2 315.9 27.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 135.5 11.5 0.0 0.0 31.9 48.2 0.5 69.2 0.0 155.1 47.9 340.7 5.6 190.8 9.4 36.8 149.9 157.9 102.1

22.4 52.1 139.2 129.1 494.0 26.8 0.0 2.0 0.0 174.3 13.3 193.1 0.0 31.1 49.9 3.2 63.6 0.0 170.9 61.6 340.7 13.7 127.7 10.1 52.5 178.9 181.1 57.2

38.3 59.4 130.3 152.1 515.2 25.5 0.0 1.9 0.0 147.6 12.5 205.3 0.0 28.7 48.8 3.1 53.0 0.0 147.0 84.9 343.9 21.1 99.1 9.8 48.6 210.8 224.2 57.0

38.1 58.4 123.3 133.1 467.2 22.9 0.0 2.3 0.0 133.8 12.1 219.1 0.0 25.0 45.9 3.2 49.3 0.0 142.2 80.7 318.2 20.6 98.9 9.7 43.7 188.5 178.5 58.1

31.7 57.8 124.1 136.9 485.0 24.5 0.0 1.9 0.0 126.8 11.6 207.0 0.0 26.9 46.5 3.1 49.5 0.0 132.4 83.0 327.3 21.5 89.3 9.5 43.2 196.2 196.4 58.6

1 000

500

0 2004

109

2.9. Heat

2005

2006

2007

CHP Electricity Generation Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

2008

2009

2010

2011

CHP Heat Production Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

110

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.9. Heat

2.9.1. Gross Heat Generation

Gross Heat Generation

By Fuel

EU-28 – Gross Heat Generation – Total – 1990-2012 (PJ-GCV) 3 500

2012

Gases

Solid Fuels

Renewables

Petroleum and Products

Wastes, non-RES

Nuclear

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

3 000

Gross Heat Generation

PJ (GCV) EU-28 Share (%)

111

2.9. Heat

2 490.8 100.0 %

1 023.2 41.1 %

702.9 28.2 %

478.1 19.2 %

131.5 5.3 %

95.0 3.8 %

4.6 0.2 %

31.7 57.8 124.1 136.9 485.0 24.5 0.0 1.9 0.0 126.8 11.6 207.0 0.0 26.9 46.5 3.1 49.5 0.0 132.4 83.0 327.3 21.5 89.3 9.5 43.2 196.2 196.4 58.6

28.8 25.6 36.8 32.8 218.4 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 66.5 10.1 132.4 0.0 21.0 22.6 2.9 41.9 0.0 105.5 32.9 36.2 19.3 53.3 2.8 19.7 41.5 14.9 45.4

0.0 24.0 77.3 32.3 158.7 4.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 7.4 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 3.2 0.0 5.5 2.6 261.5 0.0 25.8 5.2 8.8 63.0 11.0 8.9

1.6 0.2 4.8 55.4 53.5 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.2 0.2 24.8 0.0 5.0 10.2 0.1 3.2 0.0 9.6 37.4 19.5 0.0 2.1 1.2 7.5 72.1 127.7 2.1

0.0 4.8 1.2 2.4 7.4 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.1 1.3 45.5 0.0 0.4 3.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 5.8 4.9 9.2 2.1 8.2 0.2 4.8 10.1 6.4 1.7

1.3 0.0 1.3 10.8 36.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.7 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 6.0 5.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 3.7 14.7 0.5

0.0 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: S ee Appendix 13 – No 2

2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

EU-28 – Gross Heat Generation by Fuel – 1990-2012 (PJ-GCV) 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Wastes, non-RES

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Gases Nuclear

Renewables Other

112

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.10. Transport

2.10.1. Fuels Final Consumption

2.10.2. Biofuels

400 000

6 7 20 48 135 222 313 401 383 441 709 886 1 186 1 472 2 155 3 211 5 497 7 462 8 878 10 646 11 717 10 541 11 532

6 7 16 25 95 188 268 338 310 369 634 789 997 1 183 1 780 2 365 3 683 5 302 6 613 7 941 8 915 8 465 9 188

300 000 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Biogasoline Gas/Diesel Oil

0 0 2 18 25 24 39 53 63 58 59 70 159 239 266 452 742 1 032 1 384 1 706 1 980 1 743 2 036

0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.4 % 0.5 % 0.8 % 1.5 % 2.1 % 2.7 % 3.3 % 3.7 % 3.9 % 4.2 %

% 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.5 % 0.8 % 1.1 % 1.7 % 2.3 % 3.0 % 3.2 % 3.3 %

0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.4 % 0.5 % 0.6 % 0.7 % 0.9 % 1.2 % 2.0 % 2.9 % 3.8 % 4.6 % 5.0 % 5.2 % 5.8 %

ktoe 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

350 000

Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Final Consumption Biofuels

of Biodiesel in Gas/Diesel Oil

EU-28 – Fuels Consumption in the Transport Sector – 1990-2012 (ktoe)

of Biogasoline in Motor Gasoline

0 0 5 24 25 24 39 55 63 60 58 65 158 241 304 556 852 1 183 1 811 2 310 2 832 2 887 2 852

Total Biofuels

6 6 15 25 111 188 274 369 335 384 637 753 930 1 169 1 604 2 309 3 942 5 879 7 697 9 214 10 216 10 726 11 637

Share in Transport Fuels

Biogasoline

6 6 22 52 139 216 318 433 409 456 710 836 1 110 1 421 1 927 3 019 5 385 7 685 9 826 11 703 13 088 13 635 14 501

Biodiesel

2 706 2 620 2 477 2 592 2 773 3 004 3 135 3 457 3 557 3 534 3 662 3 875 4 118 4 286 4 571 4 713 4 899 4 909 5 051 5 269 5 298 5 514 5 481

Production Total Biofuels

Biogasoline

138 210 138 684 140 920 140 395 138 991 138 159 139 595 139 111 139 429 140 085 134 100 131 753 129 729 124 719 120 931 115 398 111 356 107 493 101 943 96 902 91 366 87 471 82 369

Biodiesel

105 890 108 546 113 981 116 839 120 171 123 249 129 859 133 773 141 987 148 329 153 225 158 934 164 097 171 884 181 328 186 210 193 456 199 237 197 238 191 481 194 695 194 696 190 599

Final Consumption Biofuels

278 083 280 280 289 744 293 078 296 427 300 172 310 213 315 874 327 210 336 603 337 373 339 795 342 627 347 073 356 195 358 141 363 435 367 023 360 116 345 588 342 490 339 749 328 800

LPG

EU-28 by Fuel

Motor Gasoline

EU-28 – Petroleum Products and Biofuels

Gas/ Diesel Oil

Biofuels

Final Consumption Petroleum Products

Transport Fuels Final Consumption

ktoe 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

113

2.10. Transport

LPG Biodiesel

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU

114

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.10. Transport

2.10.2. Biofuels

2.11.1. Energy Intensity

Biofuels

Energy Efficiency Energy Intensity

EU-28 – Production Biofuels – 1990-2012 (ktoe)

All Fuels

14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Total Biofuels Biogasoline

115

2.11. Energy Efficiency

Biodiesel Other Liquid Biofuels

EU-28 – Biofuels Share in Transport Fuels – 1990-2012 (%) 6 5 4 3 2 1

toe/M€ '2005 EU-28 Index 1995

1995 191 100 %

2000 171 89 %

2005 164 86 %

2010 152 79 %

2011 144 75 %

2012 143 75 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

221 1 288 533 119 173 966 140 179 161 174 289 130 203 692 753 176 418 204 184 140 613 172 751 312 691 268 234 166

211 1 040 481 101 159 629 111 179 160 162 270 127 207 443 490 143 350 173 157 128 424 171 606 268 604 235 187 143

194 849 431 94 154 502 92 163 159 161 248 131 187 355 415 158 311 197 159 140 379 178 491 255 494 219 171 125

190 669 374 97 140 551 93 148 137 151 232 123 178 382 307 142 294 172 158 132 328 153 395 231 369 226 157 111

182 705 355 90 129 505 84 154 135 143 232 121 174 333 299 137 282 163 145 125 315 151 394 231 349 210 149 103

172 670 355 87 129 481 83 166 136 143 225 117 167 329 292 134 269 148 149 124 299 147 379 228 329 204 148 105

Energy Intensity – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (toe/M€ ‘2005)

250 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Total Biofuels Biodiesel in Gas/Diesel Oil

Biogasoline in Motor Gasoline

200 150 100 50 EU-28 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

116

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.11. Energy Efficiency

117

2.11. Energy Efficiency

2.11.2. Energy per Capita

2.11.3. Final Electricity per Capita

Energy per Capita

Final Electricity per Capita

All Fuels

kgoe/cap EU-28 Index 1995

1995 3 458 100 %

2000 3 542 102 %

2005 3 678 106 %

2010 3 486 101 %

2011 3 360 97 %

2012 3 318 96 %

kWh/cap EU-28 Index 1995

1995 4 676 100 %

2000 5 192 111 %

2005 5 616 120 %

2010 5 631 120 %

2011 5 516 118 %

2012 5 515 118 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

5 321 2 699 4 034 3 867 4 183 3 820 3 066 2 244 2 592 4 071 1 534 2 846 3 003 1 860 2 380 8 117 2 535 1 999 4 700 3 406 2 582 2 057 2 042 3 053 3 304 5 733 5 831 3 830

5 773 2 267 4 008 3 701 4 165 3 628 3 758 2 591 3 071 4 242 1 751 3 060 3 460 1 632 2 018 8 328 2 478 2 057 4 746 3 617 2 326 2 473 1 634 3 243 3 389 6 264 5 511 3 915

5 607 2 559 4 409 3 613 4 145 4 170 3 616 2 831 3 323 4 390 2 011 3 199 3 438 2 051 2 621 10 298 2 737 2 408 4 993 4 176 2 425 2 604 1 839 3 661 3 532 6 581 5 647 3 885

5 608 2 359 4 253 3 633 4 081 4 595 3 318 2 576 2 819 4 123 1 937 2 889 3 289 2 272 2 189 9 137 2 581 2 300 5 214 4 138 2 620 2 283 1 768 3 527 3 290 6 911 5 415 3 392

5 435 2 598 4 118 3 366 3 878 4 617 3 056 2 499 2 780 3 960 1 964 2 832 3 148 2 126 2 312 8 779 2 518 2 207 4 805 4 011 2 627 2 223 1 815 3 547 3 224 6 590 5 261 3 145

5 095 2 496 4 071 3 245 3 900 4 569 3 017 2 502 2 757 3 949 1 902 2 680 2 904 2 231 2 371 8 381 2 374 1 996 4 882 3 994 2 542 2 099 1 760 3 406 3 089 6 296 5 231 3 175

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

6 752 3 413 4 654 5 905 5 525 3 146 4 124 3 205 3 578 5 773 2 147 4 192 3 416 1 797 1 751 12 200 2 686 3 333 5 349 5 877 2 343 2 872 1 603 4 698 4 052 12 768 14 112 5 079

7 568 2 968 4 807 6 080 5 882 3 655 5 333 3 952 4 681 6 338 2 648 4 794 4 317 1 891 1 771 13 215 2 883 4 018 6 142 6 433 2 578 3 753 1 513 5 289 4 075 14 620 14 509 5 594

7 657 3 332 5 403 6 175 6 333 4 482 5 854 4 589 5 581 6 715 3 245 5 134 5 362 2 559 2 401 13 206 3 206 4 849 6 405 7 088 2 762 4 391 1 823 6 368 4 242 15 390 14 474 5 789

7 655 3 597 5 439 5 836 6 512 5 155 5 575 4 763 5 313 6 855 3 590 4 949 5 886 2 963 2 690 13 015 3 421 3 875 6 433 7 445 3 092 4 690 2 041 5 840 4 445 15 564 13 991 5 281

7 298 3 868 5 407 5 732 6 426 4 945 5 434 4 656 5 279 6 413 3 622 4 971 5 548 3 007 2 833 12 570 3 464 4 358 6 438 7 416 3 164 4 553 2 120 6 141 4 596 14 861 13 189 5 067

7 507 3 811 5 391 5 618 6 419 5 209 5 264 4 689 5 204 6 634 3 596 4 872 5 103 3 367 2 986 11 787 3 308 4 447 6 356 7 477 3 183 4 371 2 109 6 101 4 428 14 916 13 371 4 985

Energy per Capita – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (kgoe/cap)

Final Electricity per Capita – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (kWh/cap)

4 000

8 000

3 000

6 000

2 000

4 000

1 000

2 000 EU-28

EU-28 0

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

118

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.11. Energy Efficiency

119

2.11. Energy Efficiency

2.11.4. Primary Energy Efficiency

2.11.5. Carbon Intensity

Primary Energy Efficiency

Carbon Intensity

All Fuels

toe/M€ ‘2005 EU-28 Index 1995

1995 179 100 %

2000 160 89 %

2005 154 86 %

2010 142 80 %

2011 135 76 %

2012 135 75 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

198 1 218 504 118 161 935 133 175 149 163 255 122 196 686 705 174 392 204 161 133 590 154 731 306 655 257 225 156

187 985 457 100 147 606 107 174 148 152 247 121 200 435 444 142 328 173 135 121 403 155 575 258 559 227 181 136

169 813 403 93 143 482 91 159 149 152 228 125 181 348 377 158 287 193 133 133 360 161 460 244 461 212 163 119

164 653 351 96 131 543 91 143 130 144 216 116 173 377 274 141 272 171 129 125 312 142 378 224 348 218 151 107

159 687 334 88 120 500 82 150 128 136 216 114 170 326 246 136 259 162 120 119 299 140 375 227 325 204 144 99

149 653 333 86 120 474 81 162 130 136 210 112 164 321 241 133 247 146 123 117 285 138 360 224 310 198 143 102

kg CO2/toe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2 612 100 %

2000 2 539 97 %

2005 2 499 96 %

2010 2 383 91 %

2011 2 390 91 %

2012 2 373 91 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2 599 2 636 3 107 3 355 2 789 3 314 3 328 4 205 2 744 1 708 2 469 2 811 3 473 2 074 1 809 2 942 2 363 4 022 2 941 2 412 3 665 2 765 2 741 2 481 2 521 2 044 1 242 2 606

2 466 2 482 3 078 3 054 2 682 3 122 3 286 4 118 2 727 1 690 2 598 2 723 3 522 1 831 1 727 2 677 2 322 4 894 2 942 2 338 3 601 2 744 2 545 2 369 2 244 1 849 1 244 2 562

2 602 2 593 2 819 2 868 2 612 3 016 3 354 3 962 2 791 1 614 2 665 2 689 3 802 1 905 1 674 2 795 2 199 6 935 2 957 2 370 3 462 2 658 2 542 2 297 2 207 1 722 1 211 2 569

2 329 2 731 2 641 2 651 2 586 3 023 2 911 3 744 2 462 1 534 2 522 2 526 3 385 2 026 2 107 2 705 2 028 6 591 2 710 2 152 3 288 2 336 2 246 2 251 2 103 1 775 1 203 2 569

2 188 2 826 2 685 2 594 2 657 3 091 2 869 3 792 2 513 1 491 2 491 2 502 3 392 2 008 2 093 2 710 2 013 7 887 2 827 2 157 3 257 2 363 2 354 2 246 2 147 1 661 1 139 2 556

2 207 2 691 2 623 2 394 2 677 2 898 2 899 3 613 2 489 1 499 2 401 2 461 3 389 1 886 2 083 2 691 1 977 8 137 2 676 2 076 3 297 2 483 2 384 2 270 2 116 1 554 1 077 2 577

Primary Energy Efficiency – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (toe/M€ ‘2005)

Carbon Intensity – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (C0 2 /toe)

250

3 000

200 2 000

150 100

1 000

50 EU-28 0

EU-28 0

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

120

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2.12. RES Indicators

121

2.12. RES Indicators

2.12.1. RES Shares

RES Indicators RES Shares*

RES Shares*

Overall and Heating & Cooling

Electricity and Transport

Overall RES with Aviation Cap**

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling

% EU-28

2006 9.3

2010 12.5

2011 12.9

2012 14.1

2006 10.9

2010 14.2

2011 15.0

2012 15.6

% EU-28

2006 15.4

2010 19.7

2011 21.7

2012 23.5

2006 2.1

2010 4.8

2011 3.4

2012 5.1

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2.7 9.7 6.4 15.9 7.7 16.1 3.1 7.2 9.2 9.5 12.8 6.4 3.3 31.1 17.0 1.5 5.1 0.4 2.6 25.6 7.0 20.7 17.1 15.6 5.9 30.1 42.6 1.6

5.0 14.4 9.3 22.6 10.7 24.6 5.6 9.8 13.8 12.7 14.3 10.6 6.0 32.5 19.8 2.9 8.6 0.4 3.7 30.8 9.3 24.2 23.2 19.2 9.0 32.4 47.2 3.3

5.2 14.6 9.3 24.0 11.6 25.6 6.6 10.9 13.2 11.3 15.4 12.3 6.0 33.5 20.2 2.9 9.1 0.7 4.3 30.8 10.4 24.5 21.2 19.4 10.3 32.7 48.8 3.8

6.8 16.3 11.2 26.0 12.4 25.8 7.2 13.8 14.3 13.4 16.8 13.5 6.8 35.8 21.7 3.1 9.6 1.4 4.5 32.1 11.0 24.6 22.9 20.2 10.4 34.3 51.0 4.2

3.7 14.8 9.6 23.0 6.9 30.7 3.5 12.4 11.4 12.0 11.4 6.0 10.5 42.6 29.7 3.6 7.5 4.9 2.4 23.5 10.4 33.9 17.6 18.5 4.4 41.6 56.2 0.9

5.0 24.4 12.1 30.7 10.3 43.3 4.3 17.8 12.6 16.0 13.0 10.7 18.3 43.8 33.2 4.8 11.1 4.3 2.7 30.7 11.9 33.7 27.2 25.5 7.8 44.1 60.9 1.7

4.7 24.9 12.6 31.8 10.8 44.1 4.9 19.4 13.6 16.1 15.6 12.5 19.3 44.7 33.7 4.8 12.3 7.8 3.3 30.9 13.4 35.0 24.3 28.7 9.1 45.7 62.5 2.3

6.6 27.5 13.6 33.3 11.1 43.1 5.1 24.4 14.0 16.9 18.3 12.8 21.2 47.3 35.5 5.0 13.6 13.0 3.4 32.8 13.7 33.0 25.7 30.6 8.7 48.1 65.6 2.3

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

3.1 9.9 4.0 24.0 11.8 1.5 8.7 9.0 20.0 14.1 32.2 16.0 0.0 40.4 4.0 3.2 3.5 0.0 6.6 62.5 3.0 29.3 28.1 28.2 13.5 26.4 51.8 4.5

7.1 13.7 7.5 32.7 18.1 10.4 14.9 12.5 29.7 14.9 34.2 20.2 1.4 42.1 7.4 3.8 7.1 0.1 9.7 64.9 6.6 40.7 30.4 32.1 17.8 27.6 56.0 7.4

8.8 13.9 10.6 35.9 20.9 12.3 17.6 13.9 31.6 16.4 34.2 23.7 3.4 44.7 9.0 4.1 6.4 0.6 9.8 65.0 8.2 45.9 31.1 30.8 19.3 29.4 59.9 8.8

11.1 17.0 11.6 38.7 23.6 15.8 19.6 16.5 33.5 16.6 35.5 27.6 4.9 44.9 10.9 4.6 6.1 1.1 10.5 65.5 10.7 47.6 33.6 31.4 20.1 29.5 60.0 10.8

0.2 0.6 0.8 0.3 6.4 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 2.0 0.4 0.9 0.0 1.2 1.7 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.5 5.5 1.2 1.3 0.8 0.6 2.9 0.4 4.7 0.6

4.1 1.0 4.6 0.9 6.0 0.2 2.4 1.9 4.7 6.2 0.5 4.6 2.0 3.3 3.6 2.0 4.7 0.0 3.1 8.6 6.3 5.6 3.1 2.8 4.8 3.8 7.2 3.1

4.0 0.4 0.7 3.8 5.9 0.2 3.9 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 4.7 0.0 3.5 3.7 2.1 5.0 0.0 4.6 7.6 6.5 0.4 2.0 2.1 5.0 0.4 9.4 2.7

4.5 0.3 5.6 5.8 6.9 0.3 4.1 1.1 0.4 7.1 0.4 5.8 0.0 3.3 4.8 2.2 4.6 1.0 5.0 7.7 6.1 0.4 4.1 2.9 4.8 0.4 12.6 3.7

* Of the Gross Final Energy ** Break in Series between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules Source: Eurostat, April 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

RES-E – Electricity Generation

RE-T – Transport**

122

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.12. RES Indicators

2.12.1. RES Shares

2.13.1. Prices of Transport Fuels

RES Shares

Energy Prices Prices of Transport Fuels

In the Gross Final Energy – EU-28 (%)

Automotive Diesel Oil – All Taxes Included

Current Prices (€/litre) BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2006 1.02 1.02 1.10 1.11 0.87 1.10 0.96 0.96 1.08 1.17 0.90 0.87 0.89 0.92 1.02 0.99 1.08 1.01 0.98 1.05 0.96 1.06 1.02 1.15 1.40

0 2006

2007

123

2.13. Energy Prices

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Overall RES with Aviation Cap – all fuels

RES-E – Electricity Generation

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling

RE-T – Transport

Break in Series between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules Source: Eurostat, April 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

* Average 1 Jan – 15 Jun Source: DG Energy, Member States Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

2010 1.14 0.98 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.10 1.22 1.24 1.07 1.14

2011 1.37 1.17 1.39 1.41 1.38 1.27 1.41 1.47 1.27 1.33

2012 1.46 1.27 1.45 1.49 1.49 1.37 1.55 1.54 1.37 1.40

1.21 1.00 1.06 1.02 0.99 1.16 1.04 1.15 1.10 1.06 1.15 1.03 1.15 1.11 1.13 1.25 1.39

1.44 1.25 1.27 1.23 1.17 1.36 1.30 1.35 1.33 1.22 1.37 1.24 1.24 1.34 1.37 1.51 1.60

1.71 1.35 1.37 1.33 1.26 1.50 1.37 1.45 1.41 1.36 1.45 1.32 1.36 1.44 1.55 1.67 1.76

2013 1.40 1.33 1.39 1.48 1.43 1.32 1.51 1.39 1.36 1.35 1.30 1.66 1.41 1.31 1.32 1.22 1.44 1.38 1.42 1.36 1.31 1.39 1.32 1.38 1.39 1.52 1.65 1.66

2014* 1.37 1.32 1.33 1.48 1.38 1.30 1.48 1.37 1.33 1.32 1.30 1.63 1.44 1.29 1.30 1.19 1.38 1.36 1.43 1.32 1.27 1.34 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.52 1.57 1.66

124

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.13. Energy Prices

2.13.1. Prices of Transport Fuels

Prices of Transport Fuels

Euro-Super 95 – All Taxes Included

Consumer Prices of Petroleum Products

Current Prices (€/litre) BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

125

2.13. Energy Prices

2006 1.29 1.05 1.28 1.28 0.87 1.12 0.98 1.04 1.24 1.29 0.94 0.88 0.90 1.08 1.05 1.10 1.41 1.09 1.02 1.28 1.00 1.05 1.29 1.23 1.34

2010 1.40 1.02 1.25 1.44 1.39 1.11 1.30 1.43 1.16 1.34

2011 1.54 1.17 1.41 1.61 1.53 1.24 1.48 1.67 1.32 1.50

2012 1.65 1.28 1.46 1.70 1.65 1.36 1.62 1.75 1.43 1.57

1.36 1.04 1.09 1.18 1.16 1.22 1.19 1.49 1.19 1.13 1.37 1.06 1.20 1.25 1.43 1.34 1.36

1.55 1.21 1.28 1.32 1.29 1.37 1.38 1.64 1.36 1.24 1.54 1.23 1.29 1.44 1.56 1.54 1.54

1.79 1.32 1.41 1.41 1.39 1.48 1.48 1.76 1.45 1.36 1.64 1.27 1.48 1.54 1.67 1.71 1.68

2013 1.58 1.32 1.40 1.68 1.60 1.31 1.59 1.69 1.43 1.54 1.37 1.75 1.38 1.35 1.38 1.34 1.41 1.47 1.74 1.39 1.31 1.58 1.28 1.49 1.49 1.64 1.67 1.58

2014* 1.55 1.29 1.31 1.67 1.55 1.29 1.53 1.66 1.41 1.51 1.38 1.72 1.42 1.32 1.33 1.31 1.34 1.44 1.71 1.35 1.27 1.55 1.31 1.46 1.45 1.62 1.61 1.57

EU-28 Weighted Average* (€/litre) 1.80

1.60

1.40

1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00 2005

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Euro-Super 95 * Average 1 Jan – 15 Jun Source: DG Energy, Member States Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Automotive Gas Oil

* All Taxes Included – Uncomplete EU-28 series for the period 2005-2012 Source: DG Energy, Member States Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

LPG

126

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.13. Energy Prices

127

2.13. Energy Prices

2.13.2. Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers

Fuel Prices* – Domestic Consumers

Gas – Band D2: 20GJ < Consumption < 200GJ

Electricity – Band DC: 2 500 kWh < Consumption < 5 000 kWh

€/GJ (GCV) 2nd Semester EU-28

2008 17.17

2009 14.62

2010 15.72

2011 17.98

2012 19.45

2013 19.63

€/100 kWh 2nd Semester EU-28

2008 16.63

2009 16.36

2010 17.26

2011 18.44

2012 19.54

2013 20.09

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

20.24 10.86 14.69 26.57 21.17 10.30 18.05 0.00 18.14 16.06 7.70 19.99

14.33 9.67 13.11 26.77 16.35 10.07 15.29 0.00 14.88 16.20 9.10 14.84

16.78 11.98 14.35 30.11 15.86 11.14 14.63 0.00 15.00 15.98 10.54 21.86

20.31 13.10 16.53 30.14 17.77 12.14 17.18 0.00 15.00 17.95 10.32 24.32

20.39 15.44 18.36 30.09 18.01 14.38 18.68 28.25 23.98 18.95 13.11 26.89

18.55 14.39 15.98 30.89 19.13 13.21 20.07 24.66 24.78 20.24 13.00 26.29

13.88 10.63 14.28 12.93

10.52 11.29 12.82 13.23

11.28 12.59 13.13 15.38

12.69 14.99 16.09 15.82

15.57 16.97 16.49 14.36

13.99 17.05 15.71 11.67

21.04 17.11 14.30 17.48 9.33 19.77 12.92

18.76 17.23 12.78 16.52 7.45 14.96 13.21

18.48 16.71 14.04 17.49 7.73 18.68 12.39

20.58 20.03 13.90 20.51 7.68 22.01 14.21

23.46 21.20 16.00 23.69 7.61 20.28 14.29

23.49 20.96 14.14 25.93 8.52 18.40 14.43

28.22 13.29

26.12 11.84

29.48 11.72

32.37 14.53

35.22 16.05

34.01 16.33

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

21.52 8.23 12.99 27.85 21.95 8.50 20.33 10.99 15.57 12.03 11.84 22.27 20.40 10.03 8.65 16.09 15.53 15.36 17.98 17.72 12.95 15.25 11.03 11.56 15.26 12.73 17.46 16.03

18.64 8.18 13.94 25.53 22.94 9.20 18.55 10.32 16.84 12.07 11.64 19.97 16.42 10.54 9.26 18.82 16.62 15.13 18.87 19.09 12.91 15.94 9.79 13.41 15.60 12.89 16.46 14.07

19.74 8.30 13.92 27.08 24.38 10.04 18.75 12.11 18.51 13.50 11.53 19.20 20.21 10.48 12.16 17.47 15.74 17.00 17.62 19.30 13.82 16.66 10.52 14.26 16.37 13.70 19.58 14.49

21.19 8.74 14.66 29.75 25.31 10.42 20.86 12.38 20.88 14.22 11.46 20.65 24.13 13.42 12.21 16.62 15.53 17.00 18.38 19.65 13.51 18.81 10.85 14.92 17.10 15.73 20.44 15.84

22.23 9.55 15.01 29.72 26.76 11.23 22.89 14.18 22.75 14.50 13.84 22.97 29.09 13.69 12.68 17.06 16.18 17.00 18.95 20.24 15.29 20.63 10.75 15.42 17.22 15.59 20.83 17.85

22.15 8.82 14.93 29.36 29.21 13.67 24.05 16.97 22.73 15.89 13.50 23.23 24.81 13.58 13.91 16.46 13.26 17.00 19.15 20.18 14.37 21.31 12.79 16.57 16.78 15.59 20.46 17.97

* All Taxes Included Source: Eurostat, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

128

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.13. Energy Prices

129

2.13. Energy Prices

2.13.3. Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers

Fuel Prices* – Industrial Consumers

Gas – Band I3: 10 000 GJ < Consumption < 100 000 GJ

Electricity – Band IC: 500 MWh < Consumption < 2 000 MWh

€/GJ (GCV) 2nd Semester EU-28

2008 12.86

2009 9.88

2010 10.91

2011 11.90

2012 12.71

2013 13.36

€/100 kWh 2nd Semester EU-28

2008 12.48

2009 12.53

2010 12.84

2011 13.77

2012 14.38

2013 14.71

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

13.04 8.91 13.03 21.13 16.43 10.34 12.20

10.14 7.15 9.00 16.94 11.44 7.66 8.08

9.91 10.10 12.08 21.93 13.19 9.43 9.66

11.17 10.62 11.50 22.73 13.40 10.31 11.92

10.48 12.84 7.82 12.45

8.73 10.34 9.13 8.62

9.54 11.46 13.46 9.19

10.88 12.39 14.78 10.80

11.65 13.32 11.27 24.29 12.70 11.93 12.95 18.12 12.44 13.28 16.03 12.26

11.52 11.72 11.15 26.50 15.82 11.76 14.60 15.81 12.67 12.71 14.75 11.69

12.99 14.33 12.04 14.06

9.30 9.09 10.65 12.57

10.70 11.37 12.46 12.42

11.30 14.47 14.66 15.25

13.39 15.49 15.08 16.42

12.46 13.73 13.26 16.87

12.34

12.15 12.59 10.20 7.59 7.06 11.54 10.60 9.70 20.48 6.96

10.74 13.42 11.01 9.82 7.57 14.17 12.16 11.23 22.27 7.43

11.37 13.93 10.85 11.96 8.53 17.28 13.64 15.72 26.19 9.23

12.22 14.48 12.80 14.35 9.09 18.36 13.76 16.26 27.45 11.26

12.11 14.28 12.45 14.34 9.93 16.07 12.89 16.13 26.30 11.94

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

11.63 7.82 13.35 22.40 14.28 7.11 16.04 10.06 12.38 7.36 11.42 17.04 20.75 9.40 9.90 10.38 14.61 17.00 12.34 12.86 11.10 9.46 11.34 11.82 15.33 8.22 9.65 12.79

13.05 7.67 13.35 21.40 15.15 7.74 13.27 10.20 12.99 7.74 11.10 15.81 17.15 10.82 9.54 12.28 16.18 13.56 13.12 13.94 11.39 9.89 9.90 11.55 16.70 8.33 8.61 11.64

12.76 7.98 12.97 22.93 15.62 8.73 12.77 11.39 12.90 8.35 11.12 16.63 19.84 10.96 12.65 10.86 13.12 18.90 11.61 13.53 12.04 9.64 10.08 12.06 14.26 8.41 10.50 11.64

13.81 8.00 12.99 23.37 16.62 9.02 14.60 12.56 13.64 9.48 10.94 19.08 24.19 13.44 12.56 10.60 13.17 18.90 11.14 13.53 11.58 11.46 10.55 11.57 15.13 9.23 10.36 12.53

13.40 9.35 12.34 24.21 17.27 9.81 15.75 13.81 14.47 9.42 11.75 20.75 27.32 13.44 13.84 10.74 12.55 18.90 11.59 13.39 11.76 14.09 10.91 11.29 15.25 9.15 9.70 14.32

13.25 8.71 11.98 24.63 19.02 11.64 15.41 14.00 14.54 10.19 11.80 19.95 23.67 13.94 14.85 10.63 12.29 18.90 11.38 13.27 10.79 13.97 11.85 11.53 15.23 9.29 9.34 14.36

11.39 9.67 9.24 15.19 15.61 11.40 23.13 10.21

* All Taxes Included Source: Eurostat, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 3

Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

133

Summary 3.1.

Classification of the Energy Sector 3.1.1.

��

134

��

134

��

135

Comparative Table

3.2. Employment

��

135

��

136

3.2.1. Total Persons Employed 3.2.2. Employment Rate

3.2.3. Unemployment Rate 3.3.

Enterprises in the Sector

��

137

��

138

3.3.1. Number of Enterprises 3.3.2. Turnover

��

3.3.3. Number of Persons Declared as Employed 3.4. Economy

138 142

��

146

��

150

3.4.1. GDP at Current Market Prices

��

3.4.2. GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices 3.4.3. GDP at 2005 Market Prices

151

��

152

3.4.4. GDP per Capita at 2005 Market Prices 3.5. Demography

150

��

153

��

154

3.5.1. Population

��

154

134

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.1. Classification of the Energy Sector

3.1.1. Comparative Table

3.2.1. Total Persons Employed

Classification of the Energy Sector* Comparative Table

Employment Total Persons Employed

Eurostat (NACE) and UN (ISIC) Classifications

Member States Data* – EU-28

NACE rev 2 B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite 05.10: Mining of Hard Coal 05.20: Mining of Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas 06.10: Extraction of Crude Petroleum 06.20: Extraction of Natural Gas B07: Mining of Metal Ores 07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08: Other Mining and Quarrying 08.92: Extraction of Peat B09: Mining Support Service Activities 09.10: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 19.10: Manufacture of Coke Oven Products 19.20: Manufacture of Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 35.11: Production of Electricity Power Generation, Hydroelectric Power Generation, Fossil Fuel Power Generation, Nuclear Electric Power Generation, Solar Electric Power Generation, Wind Electric Power Generation, Geothermal Electric Power Generation, Biomass Electric Power Generation, Tidal 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity

ISIC 4 05.10 05.20 06.10 06.20 07.21 08.92 09.10 19.10 19.20 35.10

Thousands B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply D35.1 Electricity 35.11: Production of Electricity 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity D35.2 Gas 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains D35.3 Steam and Air Conditioning 35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply Broad Sector – Total Employment

35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains

35.20

35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

35.30

* Broad Definition, the Narrow Definition only includes Division D35 Source: Eurostat, UN, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

135

3.2. Employment

2008 342.6

2010 334.6

2011 344.8

2012 331.4

2013 329.0

99.1

105.6

95.0

97.5

97.7

12.5

12.1

12.3

12.4**

47.3

50.6

51.2

51.7

52.2**

243.8

219.8

214.1

207.6

208.1

1 549.4

1 659.7

1 663.5

1 674.3

1 621.5

2 294.8

2 382.4

2 380.7

2 374.8

2 320.9

* According to the Labour Force Survey (LFS), 15 years or Over ** Estimations DG Energy Italic: According to the Structural Business Survey (SBS) Source: Eurostat, LFS Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

136

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.2. Employment

3.2.2. Employment Rate

3.2.3. Unemployment Rate

Employment Rate

Unemployment Rate*

Member States’ Data – All Sectors – 15-64 years

Member States’ Data – All Sectors

2000

EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

137

3.2. Employment

60.5 50.4 65.0 76.3 65.6 60.4 65.2 56.5 56.3 62.1 53.7 65.7 57.5 59.1 62.7 56.3 54.2 72.9 68.5 55.0 68.4 63.0 62.8 56.8 67.2 73.0 71.2

2005

2010

2011

2012

2013

63.4

64.0

64.1

EU-28

61.1 55.8 64.8 75.9 65.5 64.4 67.6 60.1 63.3 63.7 55.0 57.6 68.5 63.3 62.6 63.6 56.9 53.9 73.2 68.6 52.8 67.5 57.6 66.0 57.7 68.4 72.5 71.7

62.0 59.7 65.0 73.3 71.1 61.0 59.6 59.6 58.6 63.9 54.0 56.9 68.9 59.3 57.6 65.2 55.4 56.1 74.7 71.7 58.9 65.6 58.8 66.2 58.8 68.1 72.1 69.5

61.9 58.4 65.7 73.1 72.5 65.1 58.9 55.6 57.7 63.8 52.4 56.9 67.6 60.8 60.2 64.6 55.8 57.6 74.9 72.1 59.3 64.2 58.5 64.4 59.3 69.0 73.6 69.5

61.8 58.8 66.5 72.6 72.8 67.1 58.8 51.3 55.4 63.9 50.7 56.8 64.6 63.0 62.0 65.8 57.2 59.0 75.1 72.5 59.7 61.8 59.5 64.1 59.7 69.4 73.8 70.1

61.8 59.5 67.7 72.5 73.3 68.5 60.5 49.3 54.4 64.1 49.2 55.6 61.7 65.0 63.7 65.7 58.4 60.6 74.3 72.3 60.0 61.1 59.7 63.3 59.9 68.9 74.4 70.8

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT* RO SI SK FI SE UK

Source: Eurostat, LFS, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

2013

8.9

9.0

9.6

10.4

10.8

6.9 16.4 8.8 4.3 8.0 14.6 4.2 11.2 11.9 9.5 15.8 10.0 4.8 14.3 16.4 2.2 6.3 6.7 3.1 3.6 16.1 4.5 6.8 6.7 18.9 9.8 5.6 5.4

8.5 10.1 7.9 4.8 11.3 8.0 4.4 10.0 9.2 8.9 12.8 7.7 5.3 10.0 8.3 4.6 7.2 6.9 5.3 5.2 17.9 8.5 7.2 6.5 16.4 8.4 7.7 4.8

8.3 10.3 7.3 7.5 7.1 16.7 13.9 12.7 19.9 9.3 11.8 8.4 6.3 19.5 17.8 4.6 11.2 6.9 4.5 4.4 9.7 12.0 7.3 7.3 14.5 8.4 8.6 7.8

7.2 11.3 6.7 7.6 5.9 12.3 14.7 17.9 21.4 9.2 13.5 8.4 7.9 16.2 15.4 4.8 10.9 6.4 4.4 4.2 9.7 12.9 7.4 8.2 13.7 7.8 7.8 8.0

7.6 12.3 7.0 7.5 5.5 10.0 14.7 24.5 24.8 9.8 15.9 10.7 11.9 15.0 13.4 5.1 10.9 6.3 5.3 4.3 10.1 15.8 7.0 8.9 14.0 7.7 8.0 7.9

8.4 13.0 7.0 7.0 5.3 8.6 13.1 27.5 26.1 10.3 17.2 12.2 15.9 11.9 11.8 5.9 10.2 6.4 6.7 4.9 10.3 16.4 7.3 10.1 14.2 8.2 8.0 7.5

* Annual Average, Total Source: Eurostat, LFS, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

138

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.1. Number of Enterprises

Enterprises in the Sector Number of Enterprises*

Number of Enterprises*

Enterprises Survey

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

139

3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06)

2008 298

2010 222

2011 212

2012 214

0 23

0 7 0

0 6 0

25 10 0 5 0

24 11 0

4 110 10 0

48 6 1

43 0 1

32 0 0

0 3 0 0 12 0 0 0 44 0 38 2

0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 48 0 35 2

0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 53 0 31 1

2008 315

2010 314

0 7

10 4 1

9 4 1

0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 59 0 37 1

4 61 7 5 0 0 4 0 10 0 45 2 28 0 10 1

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

2011 384

2012 397

0 9 5 8 4 1

0 7 5 15

5 57 6 8 0 1 4 0 10

6 57 4

43 2 64 0 26 1

4 32 4 3 0 1 4 0 13 0 48 2 54 0 21 1 0 0

105

127

151

0 1 4 0 11

53 0 30 1

Extraction of Peat (B08.92) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2008 1 011 0

7 90 38

2010 936

2011 955

0 10

4 74 39

Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1) 2012 862

2008 830

2010 896

2011 906

2012 935

10 7 40

23 12 5 49

3 103 40 8

0 0

24 35 8

34 39 8

4 27 0 7 0 49 27 0 13

36 7

0 0 0 0 29

0 0 0 0 40

0 0 0 0 34

0 1 0 0 36

0 8 7 49 0 10 0

0 6 23 0 12 0 49 24 0 15 0 7 7 45 0 8 0

7 8 42 0 7 0

103 6 52 1 93 3

116 8 90 1 91 3

115 5 101 1 93 3

139 5 102 0 92 3

519 87 24

463 82 25

463 79 23

0 39 267

0 45 270

0 47 264

0 49 250

6 2 0 0 54 20 0

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

140

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.1. Number of Enterprises

Number of Enterprises*

Enterprises Survey

Enterprises Survey – EU-28

EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19)

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35)

2008 1 274

21 22 4 86 9

2010 1 168

2011 1 114

2012 1 153

2008 33 758

22 17

22 12 30 6 77 5

26 14 40 7 78 5

583 1 264 1 692 1 589 181

5 95 5

141

3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

7 13 88 19 353

7 18 52 17 328

16 327

3 5 0 10

13 6 0 9

7 7 0 11

10 6 0 14

37 5 158 5 33 5

42 4 165 8 54 3

36 4 146 10 40 4

35 4 146 12 38 5

13 44 245

15 45 170

14 40 162

17 40 148

32 20 67 18

2010 52 106

2011 63 200

2012 66 750

301 1 091

532 1 703 5 942 1 873 1 777 231

5 12 004 3 866 133 2 472 1 279 213 60 542

1 681 1 722 223 236 10 13 098 14 337 234 4 028 4 381 253 68 611

429 1 395 5 192 1 817 1 777 220 191 10 15 024 16 776 331 6 547 8 383 294 68 662

558 1 512 1 788 665 506 417 203 722 1 528 478

678 1 878 2 047 730 885 648 294 736 1 828 651

702 1 961 2 503 801 924 882 257 764 2 013 1 220

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat, SBS, NACE rev.2, sbs_na_ind_r2, June 2013 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

10 13 746 18 271 388 11 438 391 69 668 765 2 132 2 730 794 1 046 1 305 359 786 2 167 1 829

B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat B09.10: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply D35.1 Electricity 35.11: Production of Electricity 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity D35.2 Gas 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains D35.3 Steam and Air Conditioning 35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply Broad Sector – Total

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

2010 222

2011 212

2012 214

314

384

397

936

955

862

896

906

935

1 168

1 114

1 153

52 106

63 200

66 750

45 888 41 219 198 2 100 2 370 1 621 221

56 429 50 688 244 2 583 2 914 1 817 248

60 097 53 982 260 2 751 3 103 1 807 247

723

810

805

674 4 597 4 597

755 4 900 4 900

751 4 847 4 847

55 642

66 771

70 311

142

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.2. Turnover

Turnover*

Enterprises Survey

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05) Mio € EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06)

2008 16 675

2010 15 274

2011 16 365

2012 15 314

0 327

331

0 4 016 0

0 3 921 0

402 2 909 0 3 209 0

348 2 464 0

885 0

580 0 0

82 858 48 0 0

596

Extraction of Peat (B08.92)

2008 2010 2011 2012 176 436 146 789 172 311 173 009

0 26

0 98

0 104

9 240 3 829

7 050 2 762

8 048 3 142

7 803

0 0 0 0 9

0 0 0 0 11

0 7 212 0 485

0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 5 974 0 358

0 0 6 858 0 412

0 0 6 785 0 236

1 025

1 112

1 340

0 0 53 0

143

3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

78 851

80 728

108 892

48 042 0 0 91 0 89 0 37 829

46 241 0

60 229 0

69 0 81 0 34 862

95 0 106

95 0 108

38 818

43 256

0 5 473

0 4 191

0 4 947

0 5 302

0 0

65 154

44 980

50 215

46 251

Mio € EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2008 1 651

2010 1 837

2011 1 848

0 1

0 2

418 77

387 93 241

Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1) 2012 1 941

2008 13 587

2010 14 662

2011 13 604

2012 14 721

18 0

0 0

302

269

0 0 0 0 146

0 0 0 0 95

0 0 0 0 127

11 214

14 378

11 367

973

874

601

7 537

8 375

7 587

359 349 72

0 0 33 0 0

0 11 74 0 12 0 101 40 0 3 0

39 0 1 0

0 0 0

460 38

554 31

10 91 0 9 0 105 47 0 3

46 0 1 0 549 34 123

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

123 491 187 393 0 0 0 0 133

17 330 0 614

0 202 8 479

144

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.2. Turnover

Turnover*

Enterprises Survey

Enterprises Survey – EU-28

Mio € EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19)

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35)

2008 2010 2011 2012 547 992 524 277 608 649 626 196

2008 2010 2011 2012 1 149 804 1 352 489 1 439 488 1 138 394

48 074 5 022

59 830

68 008

5 120

5 494

134 361 180

120 832 178

138 080 103 234 247 291

17 297 44 349 69 128

15 340 34 773 61 248

48 482

48 948

46 038

52 029

18 505 58 640 70 367 39 54 340

0 8 298

0 9 316

0 9 279

37 272

49 060

27 575 8 254 3 272

35 745 9 374 4 380

51 079 10 855 37 847

0 9 384

28 313 4 113 15

4 728 4 12 169

1 526 49 837

145

3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

44 764

50 054

70 769

43 772 44 294 40 872 7 313 7 279 8 107 8 447 30 927 43 622 47 544 20 410 20 378 22 259 20 095 357 896 426 882 482 458 508 354 1 542 1 834 1 876 2 069 6 706 7 279 5 977 5 943 5 883 5 800 74 339 59 706 90 549 99 458 106 501 109 649 110 616 120 098 3 148 3 684 3 750 4 114 156 802 160 950 174 304 188 150 738 782 899 1 042 2 391 2 311 2 554 2 785 2 690 3 279 3 268 3 389 2 387 1 951 2 659 3 315 26 853 22 059 20 870 20 147 38 660 41 197 41 610 41 822 27 554 29 297 33 013 37 881 44 091 42 567 44 740 48 158 16 855 16 166 17 585 18 245 13 181 12 078 13 449 13 386 3 580 4 034 5 293 6 592 11 021 11 351 12 587 14 002 12 012 14 455 14 044 13 349 24 824 28 486 28 872 30 722 107 876 109 515 116 051 132 375

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Mio € B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply D35.1 Electricity 35.11: Production of Electricity 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity D35.2 Gas 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains D35.3 Steam and Air Conditioning 35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply Broad Sector – Total

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

2010 15 274 146 789

2011 16 365

2012 15 314

172 311 173 009

1 837

1 848

1 941

14 662

13 604

14 721

524 277

608 649 626 196

1 225 634 1 352 489 1 439 488 924 929 1 066 428 1 099 629 278 883 321 547 331 558 44 642 51 472 53 074 192 173 221 572 228 470 409 232 471 838 486 527 266 405 250 655 302 609 6 432 6 052 7 306 75 704 184 188 34 299 34 299

71 228

85 992

173 299 209 219 36 000 37 250 36 000 37 250

1 928 472 2 165 266 2 270 670

146

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.3. Number of Persons Declared as Employed

Number of Persons Declared as Employed*

Enterprises Survey

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06)

2008 2010 2011 2012 253 883 231 167 222 400 215 227 0 13 905

13 269

0 38 415 0 159 7 311

0 33 672 0

13 301 22 974 0 28 882 0

12 944 22 482 0

6 105 28

5 439 0

4 755

0 0 18 0 0 121 0 0 138 338 0 20 804

147

3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

2008 88 205

444 3 544

Extraction of Peat (B08.92)

2010 81 574

2011 78 600

2012 79 266

566 3 754

852 3 750

883

215

242 814

280 964

326

12 116 0 1 252 0 75 0 3 173

13 347 0 13 261 0 83

13 347 0 16 279 0 84

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111 119 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 124 925 122 061 121 918 0 0 0 18 011 17 071 11 488

5 944

6 023

6 504

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

13 047 0 0 351 0 36 0 3 076

0 38 538

0 30 546

0 13 405

3 234

0 28 056 1

0 26 549 1

0 0

15 300

13 025

15 099

EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2008 12 537

2010 12 080

2011 12 100

0 52

0 111

Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1) 2012 12 343

2008 47 333

2010 50 570

2011 51 200

2012 51 660 60

14 466

547

0 0

110

156

1 716 1 912 1 276

0 0 1 970 1 229 0 0 36

2 003 1 153 0 48 248 0 12 0 1 977 1 126 0 116 0 22

1 942 1 105 1 511

39 283 0 19 0 1 972 1 134 0 113

224

0 0 0 0 1 275

0 0 0 0 1 089

0 0 0 0 1 213

2 270 19 2 181

27 4 082

23 3 885

9 882

6 267

6 938

18 489

22 879

711 0 41 0

0 26 0

639 0 39 0

1 735 358 634

1 845 306 355

1 864 311 383

184

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

3 031 1 368 0 4 0 0 1 269

21 4 513 0 6 641

0 53

148

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.3. Number of Persons Declared as Employed

Number of Persons Declared as Employed*

Enterprises Survey

Enterprises Survey – EU-28

EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19)

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35)

2008 2010 2011 2012 135 372 128 671 125 800 125 628

2008 2010 2011 2012 1 243 616 1 235 936 1 230 000 1 212 344

4 091 2 926

4 060

4 332

2 400

2 236

19 611 1 330

19 452 1 406

18 701 1 483

19 245 1 585

4 557 8 823

4 333 8 954 15 095

9 280

3 370 9 200

16 383

16 493

15 564

415 15 414

0 6 538

0 6 329

0 6 450

0 6 455

6 652

5 908

5 661

16 606

13 623 1 887 3 960

13 724 1 831 3 406

5 586 1 205 13 502

5 017 93

2 985 38 2 654

2 748 9 998

149

3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

9 254

9 756

19 193 18 415 18 552 36 197 34 191 33 052 33 238 32 652 32 111 32 817 13 206 11 235 11 124 10 070 221 450 221 264 223 915 220 631 6 290 5 681 5 671 5 444 9 206 9 411 23 955 22 834 21 803 21 614 47 622 48 687 52 749 48 968 170 194 172 292 16 849 16 619 16 521 16 494 84 224 86 414 85 291 85 428 1 427 1 503 1 496 1 463 12 185 10 907 10 667 10 884 18 303 15 876 13 305 12 828 1 094 1 198 1 265 1 328 27 387 25 715 25 658 25 240 23 869 22 882 24 026 26 458 28 218 28 685 28 763 28 857 153 286 162 409 156 750 147 914 10 151 9 386 9 236 9 101 89 511 81 111 79 628 79 658 7 828 8 207 8 435 8 699 21 641 20 034 18 791 18 365 13 430 13 463 13 472 13 660 31 151 31 115 31 169 30 893 121 447 123 965 123 482 120 535

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply D35.1 Electricity 35.11: Production of Electricity 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity D35.2 Gas 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains D35.3 Steam and Air Conditioning 35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply Broad Sector – Employment Reported

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

2010 231 167

2011 2012 222 400 215 227

81 574

78 600

79 266

12 080

12 100

12 343

50 570

51 200

51 660

128 671

125 800 125 628

1 235 936 1 230 000 1 212 344 914 151 436 673 49 583 325 734 102 160 158 245 8 969

916 300 437 700 49 700 326 500 102 400 158 800 9 000

910 057 434 718 49 361 324 275 101 702 158 410 8 978

104 234

104 600 104 343

45 042 157 238 157 238

45 200 45 089 154 900 152 253 154 900 152 253

1 739 998 1 720 100 1 696 468

150

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.4. Economy

3.4.1. GDP at Current Market Prices

3.4.2. GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices

Economy GDP at Current Market Prices

Mrd EUR*

151

3.4. Economy

GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

2013

EU-28

7 061.1

9 242.4

11 128.7

12 337.1

12 711.2

12 959.9

13 067.7

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

217.6 10.0 44.2 139.1 1 929.5 2.9 51.9 99.8 456.2 1 202.5 16.9 865.5 7.0 3.8 5.1 15.8 34.8 2.8 320.5 182.5 106.4 89.8 28.7 16.0 15.0 100.1 193.9 902.8

252.5 14.0 63.8 173.6 2 047.5 6.2 105.6 136.7 629.9 1 439.6 23.3 1 198.3 9.9 8.4 12.4 22.0 50.3 4.4 418.0 208.5 185.7 127.3 40.7 21.5 22.0 132.2 268.3 1 619.6

303.4 23.3 104.6 207.4 2 224.4 11.2 162.9 193.0 909.3 1 718.0 36.0 1 436.4 13.6 12.9 21.0 30.3 88.8 4.9 513.4 245.2 244.4 154.3 79.8 28.7 38.5 157.4 298.4 1 867.1

355.7 36.1 149.9 236.3 2 495.0 14.4 158.1 222.2 1 045.6 1 936.7 44.4 1 551.9 17.4 18.0 27.7 39.3 96.2 6.4 586.8 285.2 354.6 172.9 124.3 35.5 65.9 178.7 349.9 1 731.8

369.3 38.5 155.5 240.5 2 609.9 16.2 162.6 208.5 1 046.3 2 001.4 44.2 1 579.9 17.9 20.2 31.0 41.7 98.9 6.7 599.0 299.2 370.8 171.1 131.5 36.1 69.0 188.7 385.4 1 770.9

375.9 39.9 152.9 245.3 2 666.4 17.4 163.9 193.3 1 029.3 2 032.3 43.7 1 566.9 17.7 22.3 32.9 42.9 97.0 6.9 599.3 307.0 381.5 165.1 131.6 35.3 71.1 192.4 407.8 1 921.9

381.4 39.9 149.5 249.1 2 737.6 18.4 164.1 182.1 1 023.0 2 059.9 43.3 1 560.0 16.5 23.4 34.6 45.5 98.1 7.2 602.7 313.2 389.7 165.7 142.2 35.3 72.1 193.4 420.1 1 899.8

* Units in Milliard – Long Scale = 1 000 Million € Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Thousand EUR/cap* EU-27

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

2013

14.61

18.96

22.43

24.44

25.13

25.54

25.71

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

21.46 1.19 4.28 26.60 23.63 2.00 14.42 9.38 11.58 20.25 3.65 15.23 10.77 1.53 1.42 38.61 3.37 7.52 20.73 22.96 2.78 8.95 1.27 8.06 2.79 19.59 21.97 15.56

24.65 1.72 6.21 32.52 24.91 4.49 27.77 12.52 15.64 23.71 5.22 21.04 14.34 3.56 3.56 50.34 4.93 11.23 26.25 26.02 4.85 12.45 1.81 10.82 4.08 25.54 30.24 27.50

28.97 3.01 10.22 38.27 26.97 8.30 39.16 17.40 20.95 27.29 8.11 24.51 18.41 5.77 6.31 65.00 8.80 12.21 31.47 29.82 6.40 14.62 3.74 14.36 7.14 30.01 33.04 31.00

32.69 4.79 14.26 42.61 30.52 10.72 34.67 19.92 22.69 29.90 10.05 25.66 20.99 8.60 8.95 77.44 9.62 15.56 35.32 34.11 9.21 16.25 6.14 17.32 12.14 33.32 37.31 27.81

33.64 5.24 14.81 43.18 31.91 12.10 35.52 18.75 22.68 30.74 10.17 26.02 21.01 9.82 10.22 80.34 9.92 16.08 35.89 35.67 9.62 16.11 6.53 17.61 12.78 35.03 40.79 28.23

34.00 5.47 14.55 43.87 32.55 13.00 35.72 17.43 22.30 31.06 10.23 25.73 20.51 10.94 11.02 80.75 9.77 16.40 35.78 36.43 9.90 15.61 6.55 17.17 13.15 35.53 42.84 30.17

34.31 5.49 14.22 44.39 33.35 13.76 35.65 16.41 22.21 31.33 10.16 25.55 19.03 11.60 11.70 83.42 9.91 17.01 35.87 36.98 10.12 15.81 7.10 17.13 13.33 35.57 43.76 29.64

* 1 000 € per Capita Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

152

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.4. Economy

3.4.3. GDP at 2005 Market Prices

3.4.4. GDP per Capita at 2005 Market Prices

GDP per Capita at 2005 Market Prices

GDP at 2005 Market Prices

Mrd EUR*

153

3.4. Economy

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

2013

EU-27

8 746.3

10 119.6

11 128.7

11 604.2

11 795.3

11 752.2

11 763.2

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

243.5 17.6 78.2 169.2 1 969.0 5.7 78.6 133.7 633.3 1 387.6 24.5 1 244.5 9.6 6.7 11.5 18.9 62.6 3.7 394.3 193.2 161.3 120.3 61.6 19.4 25.6 109.4 219.8 1 342.7

280.3 17.8 85.6 194.8 2 159.2 7.9 128.4 158.4 774.5 1 586.6 29.0 1 367.8 11.6 8.7 14.4 25.4 72.4 4.6 480.8 225.7 210.0 148.0 60.4 24.1 30.3 138.3 261.3 1 613.3

303.4 23.3 104.6 207.4 2 224.4 11.2 162.9 193.0 909.3 1 718.0 36.0 1 436.4 13.6 12.9 21.0 30.3 88.8 4.9 513.4 245.2 244.4 154.3 79.8 28.7 38.5 157.4 298.4 1 867.1

321.9 26.6 119.4 206.7 2 375.7 11.2 163.5 193.8 948.2 1 772.6 36.9 1 418.4 15.3 12.5 22.1 32.7 87.8 5.5 549.3 261.8 307.7 158.5 90.7 31.3 48.4 164.2 323.3 1 898.2

327.6 27.1 121.6 208.9 2 454.8 12.2 167.0 180.0 948.7 1 808.6 36.8 1 424.8 15.4 13.1 23.4 33.3 89.1 5.6 554.5 269.2 321.6 156.6 92.8 31.6 49.8 168.8 332.8 1 919.5

327.2 27.2 120.4 208.1 2 471.8 12.7 167.3 167.4 933.1 1 808.8 36.1 1 391.0 15.0 13.8 24.3 33.3 87.7 5.7 547.5 271.5 328.0 151.5 93.4 30.8 50.7 167.1 335.9 1 924.8

328.0 27.5 119.2 209.0 2 482.4 12.8 166.7 161.0 921.7 1 812.7 35.7 1 365.2 14.2 14.4 25.1 34.0 88.6 5.8 543.0 272.6 333.1 149.4 96.7 30.4 51.2 164.8 341.1 1 956.8

* Units in Milliard – Long Scale = 1 000 Million € Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Thousand EUR/cap* EU-28

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

2013

18.10

20.76

22.43

22.99

23.32

23.16

23.14

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

24.02 2.10 7.57 32.36 24.11 3.95 21.83 12.57 16.08 23.37 5.31 21.89 14.81 2.69 3.16 46.06 6.06 9.81 25.51 24.31 4.22 11.99 2.72 9.78 4.78 21.41 24.90 23.14

27.36 2.18 8.34 36.50 26.27 5.77 33.74 14.51 19.23 26.13 6.48 24.02 16.72 3.68 4.12 58.12 7.09 11.87 30.20 28.17 5.49 14.48 2.69 12.09 5.61 26.71 29.45 27.40

28.97 3.01 10.22 38.27 26.97 8.30 39.16 17.40 20.95 27.29 8.11 24.51 18.41 5.77 6.31 65.00 8.80 12.21 31.47 29.82 6.40 14.62 3.74 14.36 7.14 30.01 33.04 31.00

29.58 3.53 11.36 37.27 29.06 8.34 35.85 17.37 20.58 27.36 8.34 23.45 18.48 5.94 7.13 64.48 8.78 13.35 33.06 31.31 7.99 14.90 4.48 15.30 8.91 30.61 34.48 30.49

29.84 3.68 11.59 37.51 30.02 9.14 36.49 16.18 20.57 27.78 8.47 23.46 18.09 6.37 7.74 64.20 8.94 13.50 33.22 32.09 8.35 14.74 4.61 15.38 9.23 31.33 35.22 30.60

29.60 3.73 11.45 37.23 30.17 9.50 36.45 15.09 20.21 27.64 8.46 22.84 17.39 6.79 8.13 62.63 8.84 13.48 32.69 32.23 8.51 14.32 4.65 14.96 9.38 30.86 35.29 30.21

29.50 3.78 11.34 37.24 30.24 9.58 36.23 14.51 20.01 27.57 8.38 22.36 16.39 7.14 8.48 62.36 8.96 13.70 32.32 32.19 8.65 14.26 4.82 14.77 9.46 30.30 35.52 30.53

* 1 000 € ‘2005 per Capita Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

154

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.5. Demography

PART 4

3.5.1. Population

Demography Population On 1st January Thousand Inhab EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012*

2013*

483 265

487 484

496 049

504 846

505 773

507 417

508 367

10 137 8 406 10 331 5 230 81 661 1 448 3 601 10 634 39 388 59 384 4 620 56 844 651 2 485 3 629 410 10 329 378 15 460 7 948 38 275 10 030 22 673 1 989 5 363 5 108 8 827 58 025

10 246 8 170 10 273 5 338 82 188 1 372 3 804 10 917 40 264 60 725 4 468 56 942 694 2 368 3 500 437 10 211 390 15 922 8 012 38 259 10 226 22 435 1 989 5 401 5 176 8 872 58 886

10 474 7 719 10 234 5 419 82 464 1 348 4 160 11 093 43 398 62 958 4 443 58 607 739 2 239 3 323 466 10 087 404 16 317 8 225 38 165 10 549 21 320 2 001 5 387 5 246 9 030 60 235

10 883 7 534 10 517 5 546 81 757 1 340 4 560 11 153 46 073 64 781 4 419 60 483 829 2 097 3 097 508 10 000 414 16 612 8 361 38 514 10 637 20 247 2 049 5 430 5 363 9 379 62 262

10 978 7 348 10 497 5 569 81 779 1 340 4 577 11 123 46 125 65 115 4 344 60 724 851 2 059 3 028 519 9 972 416 16 693 8 389 38 534 10 622 20 148 2 053 5 398 5 388 9 450 62 735

11 054 7 306 10 509 5 590 81 917 1 340 4 590 11 093 46 163 65 433 4 269 60 905 864 2 034 2 988 532 9 920 420 16 752 8 426 38 536 10 579 20 096 2 057 5 406 5 414 9 520 63 705

11 116 7 271 10 513 5 612 82 098 1 340 4 602 11 093 46 062 65 741 4 263 61 049 867 2 014 2 958 545 9 894 423 16 800 8 469 38 514 10 481 20 046 2 059 5 413 5 439 9 601 64 087

* Preliminary Data Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Environment Indicators in the EU

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU

157

Summary 4.1.

Gases Emissions

��

158

4.1.1. GHGs Emissions �� 158 EU-28 and MS – Total �� 158 EU-28 and MS – Fuel Combustion �� 159 EU-28 and MS – Other Than Fuel Combustion �� 160 EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion �� 161 EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion �� 162 4.1.2. CO 2 Emissions

��

EU-28 and MS – Total �� EU-28 and MS – Fuel Combustion �� EU-28 and MS – Other Than Fuel Combustion �� EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion �� EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion ��

168

��

168

4.2. Main Emissions Indicators 4.2.1. CO2 per Capita

163 163 164 165 166 167

4.2.2. Carbon GDP Intensity

��

169

158

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.1. GHGs Emissions

Gases Emissions GHGs Emissions

GHGs Emissions

EU-28 and MS – Total

EU-28 and MS – Fuel Combustion

170.6 64.6 147.0 69.1 1 025.8 18.9 72.5 147.1 468.8 583.4 31.0 590.4 11.7 12.1 23.9 14.4 79.2 7.1 274.6 94.6 400.8 91.5 141.7 20.5 50.4 71.6 75.6 718.0

159.4 61.1 138.0 66.0 980.1 20.7 64.7 128.9 386.9 540.5 29.2 515.9 11.4 13.2 21.7 13.5 68.3 6.7 262.8 86.9 409.7 74.9 116.3 19.6 45.5 76.7 74.0 646.6

140.2 61.8 132.4 55.7 972.9 19.8 60.7 121.0 381.3 514.5 26.7 475.2 10.7 12.1 22.2 13.0 62.5 7.2 245.4 82.2 401.4 73.6 119.2 19.2 42.8 63.2 65.7 622.0

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

Million ton CO2 equiv. EU-28 Share (%) BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Other Combustion and Fugitive Emissions

166.6 59.9 147.0 75.0 1 067.1 17.6 70.5 140.9 409.4 584.5 26.9 563.6 10.3 10.1 20.0 10.7 77.2 4.1 265.6 82.1 397.8 87.8 134.5 19.0 49.0 72.3 75.4 727.4

Agriculture/ Forestry/ Fisheries

166.2 77.7 152.4 83.1 1 139.5 20.4 60.4 124.1 339.5 571.0 23.8 540.1 8.5 13.1 22.6 10.7 79.0 3.3 266.3 81.1 442.3 74.1 175.9 18.6 53.3 72.7 79.2 751.8

2012

Residential

2012 4 824 89 %

Commercial/ Institutional

2010 5 039 92 %

Transport

2005 5 477 100 %

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

2000 5 372 99 %

Energy Industries

1995 5 451 100 %

Fuel Combustion

Million ton CO2 equiv. EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

159

4.1. Gases Emissions

3 604 74.7 %

1 409 29.2 %

533 11.0 %

893 18.5 %

176 3.6 %

425 8.8 %

78 1.6 %

90 1.9 %

94.4 47.2 107.1 39.0 786.0 16.9 37.1 87.2 265.5 351.4 18.9 379.9 6.6 7.2 11.9 10.5 45.5 2.8 161.9 59.7 319.7 47.9 82.2 15.5 29.3 47.8 42.1 482.5

22.9 31.6 57.4 16.8 364.8 13.1 12.8 54.7 91.9 52.7 5.6 126.3 3.6 1.9 4.4 1.0 16.5 2.1 60.3 12.4 169.6 17.4 32.5 6.0 9.5 20.7 10.3 190.2

21.0 3.3 16.6 4.3 115.1 0.8 4.3 5.5 46.4 63.5 2.8 54.9 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.3 4.0 0.1 25.9 15.6 30.9 7.5 15.4 1.6 7.2 8.4 8.5 65.5

24.9 8.4 16.9 12.2 155.5 2.3 10.9 16.1 80.7 132.5 5.7 106.1 2.1 2.8 4.5 6.5 10.8 0.6 34.0 21.6 46.8 17.0 15.1 5.8 6.6 12.7 19.1 114.8

5.9 0.3 3.3 0.8 38.2 0.0 2.1 1.3 13.5 29.1 0.5 28.2 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.6 3.4 0.1 11.2 1.4 9.2 1.1 2.0 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.5 20.1

17.0 1.4 7.5 2.3 94.5 0.3 6.2 7.1 17.6 57.5 1.8 49.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 7.6 0.0 18.3 7.2 36.1 2.3 7.6 1.1 3.1 1.7 1.1 73.6

2.2 0.5 0.2 2.1 6.4 0.3 0.8 1.0 11.0 11.4 0.7 7.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.0 10.1 0.9 11.0 1.1 1.2 0.2 0.1 1.5 1.6 4.7

0.5 1.6 5.2 0.4 11.6 0.1 0.0 1.5 4.4 4.6 1.7 7.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 2.2

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

2.2 0.5 16.0 1.4 8.5 0.3 2.1 1.8 1.1 13.6

160

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.1. GHGs Emissions

GHGs Emissions

EU-28 and MS – Other Than Fuel Combustion

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion

1.5 3.6 3.8 1.1 13.6 0.3 1.0 4.7 12.9 12.6 1.1 16.2 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.1 3.2 0.1 3.7 1.7 15.2 8.2 5.8 0.5 2.2 2.1 1.6 21.6

4.1 0.5 1.0 2.5 25.6 0.1 1.8 2.5 13.6 16.3 0.3 9.4 0.8 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.3 10.2 2.1 1.7 2.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.9 2.2 32.3

19.6 0.2 1.5 8.2 0.5 0.4 7.4 26.9 8.0 5.7 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.0 3.7 43.6 0.1 0.5 2.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 5.9 8.8

Agriculture/ Forestry/ Fisheries

9.3 6.3 8.1 9.6 69.5 1.3 18.0 9.1 37.7 89.3 3.4 34.3 0.8 2.4 5.1 0.7 8.7 0.1 15.9 7.5 36.7 7.2 18.2 1.9 3.1 5.7 7.6 51.8

Residential

11.4 3.9 12.6 1.9 70.0 0.7 2.5 9.9 24.7 36.8 3.0 29.7 0.9 0.7 3.7 0.6 4.6 0.2 10.1 11.2 27.7 5.4 12.5 1.1 8.2 5.4 6.2 24.9

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Commercial/ Institutional

146 3.0 %

Transport

International Maritime Transport

135 2.8 %

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

International Aviation

141 2.9 %

Energy Industries

Waste and Other

469 9.7 %

Fuel Combustion

Agriculture

331 6.9 %

Million ton CO2 equiv. 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

GHGs Emissions

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

2012

Million ton CO2 equiv. EU-28 Share (%)

161

4.1. Gases Emissions

5 806 5 451 5 570 5 484 5 457 5 349 5 372 5 427 5 388 5 481 5 500 5 477 5 487 5 440 5 327 4 936 5 039 4 900 4 824

4 325 4 058 4 166 4 066 4 057 3 994 4 004 4 080 4 050 4 136 4 130 4 103 4 107 4 044 3 961 3 678 3 783 3 642 3 604

1 676 1 519 1 549 1 502 1 520 1 477 1 508 1 548 1 566 1 617 1 603 1 595 1 609 1 617 1 538 1 414 1 436 1 413 1 409

861 767 756 746 717 697 707 683 665 675 673 663 658 659 633 528 568 553 533

783 838 864 877 905 924 918 932 943 953 973 971 979 989 967 941 936 926 893

201 183 200 185 184 183 177 194 183 184 188 185 191 170 182 178 189 171 176

523 508 556 522 511 498 483 518 491 505 497 495 483 429 462 445 483 408 425

97 92 95 92 89 89 87 87 85 86 86 86 83 80 81 79 81 80 78

GHGs Emissions – EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2 equiv.)

6,8 -1 81 35

7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

GHGs Emissions Energy Industries Transport

Fuel Combustion Manufacturing Industries and Construction Commercial/Institutional

Residential

Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

162

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.1. GHGs Emissions

4.1.2. CO2 Emissions

International Aviation

International Maritime Transport

EU-28 and MS – Total

Waste and Other

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion

Agriculture

CO2 Emissions

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

GHGs Emissions

Million ton CO2 equiv. 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

163

4.1. Gases Emissions

479 455 454 460 434 396 407 394 390 402 417 416 413 424 400 335 345 342 331

617 533 535 534 532 528 521 512 507 499 500 493 490 490 489 478 475 475 469

206 207 205 201 199 192 190 186 185 179 171 166 164 160 156 152 147 144 141

70 87 91 95 102 110 116 115 112 117 125 132 138 142 143 133 132 136 135

110 111 118 128 133 127 134 140 144 148 157 166 176 179 177 160 156 161 146

GHGs Emissions – EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2 equiv.) 700 600 500

Million ton CO2 EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI 6,896 mm ou 3,404 SK mm -1,167 mm ou -3,275 mm FI 81 mm ou 84,5 SE 35,386 mm ou 43 UK ou 150,7 mm

400 300 200 100 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Industrial Processes and Solvent Use International Maritime Transport International Aviation

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

Agriculture Waste and Other

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

1995 4 365 100 %

2000 4 384 100 %

2005 4 559 104 %

2010 4 194 96 %

2012 3 995 92 %

140.2 59.8 129.5 67.8 952.6 18.3 36.8 100.3 280.1 413.1 17.5 454.7 6.8 9.6 15.6 9.8 61.9 3.0 213.7 65.3 362.2 57.1 126.9 15.1 44.7 59.9 63.9 579.1

145.8 46.0 126.7 60.3 918.0 15.5 47.0 116.5 337.1 435.4 20.3 474.5 8.5 7.1 12.2 9.7 58.7 3.9 222.4 67.7 320.5 69.4 93.3 15.3 41.1 59.9 60.8 590.6

152.8 51.2 127.2 56.2 892.8 16.9 50.5 124.4 402.5 446.0 23.8 504.1 9.7 8.7 14.6 13.4 60.7 6.7 240.9 81.4 320.3 73.0 99.7 16.8 42.0 59.4 61.8 601.0

142.2 48.5 118.1 53.4 862.8 18.6 44.0 107.6 319.7 409.9 21.6 441.4 9.2 9.7 14.3 12.5 52.3 6.3 234.7 74.5 331.8 56.7 80.4 16.3 37.6 65.8 61.1 542.6

124.3 49.1 112.2 43.4 855.2 17.7 40.2 100.3 316.8 387.4 19.5 401.6 8.5 8.6 14.8 12.0 46.6 6.8 218.8 69.9 323.0 55.1 84.3 15.9 35.3 53.0 53.6 521.2

164

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.2. CO2 Emissions

CO2 Emissions

EU-28 and MS – Fuel Combustion

EU-28 and MS – Other Than Fuel Combustion

Residential

Agriculture/ Forestry/ Fisheries

Other Combustion and Fugitive Emissions

882 22.1 %

174 4.4 %

410 10.3 %

74 1.9 %

32 0.8 %

92.9 45.0 101.6 38.2 768.0 16.6 36.5 85.0 260.5 344.3 17.5 368.5 6.5 6.8 11.3 10.3 42.9 2.8 159.0 58.5 302.1 46.7 73.4 14.9 28.0 46.5 40.6 470.1

22.7 31.4 57.1 16.5 360.1 13.0 12.6 54.5 91.1 52.1 5.6 125.6 3.5 1.9 4.4 1.0 16.5 2.1 59.9 12.3 168.6 17.3 32.4 6.0 9.4 20.4 9.7 188.3

20.7 3.3 16.5 4.2 114.1 0.8 4.3 5.5 45.5 62.6 2.8 53.7 0.4 0.9 1.3 1.3 4.0 0.1 25.8 15.4 30.6 7.4 15.3 1.6 7.2 8.2 8.2 64.5

24.7 8.3 16.2 12.1 153.9 2.3 10.8 15.8 79.8 130.9 5.6 104.8 2.1 2.7 4.5 6.4 10.7 0.5 33.7 21.4 46.1 16.8 14.9 5.7 6.5 12.5 18.9 113.8

5.9 0.3 3.3 0.8 38.0 0.0 2.1 1.3 13.2 28.7 0.5 27.7 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.6 3.3 0.1 11.1 1.4 9.1 1.1 2.0 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.5 20.1

16.7 1.1 6.9 2.1 93.3 0.2 6.0 6.9 16.7 55.4 1.7 47.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 7.3 0.0 17.9 6.9 33.5 2.0 6.5 0.9 3.1 1.4 0.8 73.0

2.1 0.5 0.2 2.1 6.2 0.3 0.7 0.9 10.9 11.3 0.7 6.8 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.0 9.2 0.8 10.4 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.1 1.5 1.5 4.2

0.1 0.0 1.4 0.3 2.4 0.0

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

0.0 3.3 3.4 0.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.4 0.3 3.7 1.0 1.2 0.1 1.0 1.5 1.0 6.3

Million ton CO2 EU-28 Share (%) BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

International Maritime Transport

Commercial/ Institutional

526 13.2 %

International Aviation

Transport

1 396 34.9 %

Waste and Other

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

3 495 87.5 %

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

Energy Industries

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2012

Fuel Combustion

2012

Million ton CO2 EU-28 Share (%)

165

4.1. Gases Emissions

219 5.5 %

3 0.1 %

133 3.3 %

145 3.6 %

7.2 3.3 9.5 1.2 53.7 0.5 1.5 5.5 16.1 17.7 1.8 18.0 0.6 0.6 2.9 0.5 3.1 0.0 6.2 9.2 18.5 3.6 10.5 0.8 7.3 4.2 5.0 10.1

0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0

4.0 0.5 0.9 2.5 25.3 0.1 1.7 2.5 13.5 16.2 0.3 9.3 0.8 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.3 10.1 2.1 1.7 2.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.9 2.2 32.0

19.6 0.2

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

1.5 8.2 0.5 0.4 7.3 26.6 8.0 5.6 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.0 3.7 43.4 0.0 0.5 2.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 5.8 8.8

166

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1. Gases Emissions

Commercial/ Institutional

Residential

Agriculture/ Forestry/ Fisheries

4 136 3 895 4 003 3 907 3 907 3 849 3 864 3 944 3 918 4 006 4 005 3 981 3 988 3 931 3 848 3 570 3 674 3 534 3 495

1 665 1 508 1 539 1 492 1 509 1 467 1 498 1 537 1 555 1 606 1 592 1 583 1 597 1 605 1 526 1 402 1 423 1 401 1 396

852 759 748 738 709 689 699 675 657 667 665 655 650 651 625 522 560 546 526

769 822 847 860 887 907 903 918 929 940 960 959 967 977 955 930 925 915 882

199 181 198 183 183 182 175 192 182 183 187 183 189 168 181 176 187 169 174

504 492 538 505 495 483 468 503 478 491 483 481 469 415 447 431 468 394 410

93 89 91 88 85 85 83 83 82 82 82 83 80 76 77 75 77 75 74

CO 2 Emissions – EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO 2) 5 000

Million ton CO2 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

3 500 3 000

200

4 000

296 271 263 269 266 257 269 258 258 267 279 278 282 290 272 214 231 230 219

5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3

69 86 90 94 101 109 115 114 111 115 124 131 137 141 142 131 131 135 133

109 110 117 126 132 126 133 139 143 147 156 165 175 178 176 159 155 159 145

CO 2 Emissions – EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO 2) 350 mm 6,896 mm ou 3,404 -1,167 mm ou -3,275 mm 81 mm ou 84,5300 35,386 mm ou 43 ou 150,7 mm 250

4 500

International Maritime Transport

Transport

4 615 4 365 4 477 4 400 4 409 4 345 4 384 4 459 4 434 4 539 4 567 4 559 4 586 4 542 4 441 4 078 4 194 4 062 3 995

International Aviation

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion

Energy Industries

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion Fuel Combustion

CO2 Emissions

Waste and Other

4.1.2. CO2 Emissions

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

4.1.2. CO2 Emissions

Million ton CO2 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

167

4.1. Gases Emissions

6,8 -1 81 35

2 500 2 000

150

1 500

100

1 000

500 0

0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 CO2 Emissions Energy Industries Transport

Fuel Combustion Manufacturing Industries and Construction Commercial/Institutional

Residential

Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Industrial Processes and Solvent Use International Maritime Transport

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

International Aviation Waste and Other

168

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU

4.2. Main Emissions Indicators

169

4.2. Main Emissions Indicators

4.2.1. CO2 per Capita

4.2.2. Carbon GDP Intensity

Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita

Carbon GDP Intensity

kg CO2/cap EU-28 Index 1995

1995 9 033 100 %

2000 8 994 100 %

2005 9 190 102 %

2010 8 307 92 %

2012 7 873 87 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

13 827 7 114 12 534 12 973 11 665 12 658 10 206 9 436 7 112 6 956 3 788 7 998 10 430 3 859 4 307 23 875 5 989 8 039 13 824 8 216 9 463 5 689 5 599 7 576 8 330 11 718 7 240 9 981

14 235 5 626 12 338 11 303 11 170 11 329 12 349 10 670 8 373 7 169 4 549 8 333 12 188 2 988 3 485 22 289 5 753 10 065 13 965 8 456 8 376 6 784 4 158 7 681 7 606 11 581 6 856 10 030

14 591 6 635 12 427 10 363 10 826 12 575 12 130 11 217 9 275 7 084 5 358 8 601 13 070 3 908 4 388 28 781 6 020 16 702 14 764 9 898 8 394 6 922 4 675 8 408 7 795 11 330 6 839 9 978

13 065 6 442 11 232 9 629 10 553 13 888 9 658 9 645 6 940 6 327 4 886 7 298 11 134 4 604 4 611 24 711 5 235 15 158 14 129 8 906 8 615 5 332 3 971 7 941 6 919 12 268 6 514 8 715

11 245 6 715 10 678 7 770 10 440 13 238 8 747 9 039 6 862 5 920 4 566 6 594 9 842 4 209 4 939 22 548 4 694 16 238 13 062 8 290 8 381 5 210 4 195 7 731 6 536 9 786 5 635 8 182

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

ton CO2/M€ ‘05 EU-28 Index 1995

1995 499 100 %

2000 433 87 %

2005 410 82 %

2010 361 72 %

2012 340 68 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

576 3 396 1 657 401 484 3 202 467 751 442 298 714 365 704 1 436 1 362 518 988 820 542 338 2 245 474 2 060 775 1 743 547 291 431

520 2 581 1 480 310 425 1 964 366 736 435 274 702 347 729 812 846 384 812 848 462 300 1 526 469 1 544 635 1 356 434 233 366

504 2 202 1 215 271 401 1 515 310 645 443 260 661 351 710 677 695 443 684 1 368 469 332 1 311 473 1 249 586 1 091 378 207 322

442 1 827 989 258 363 1 665 269 555 337 231 586 311 603 775 646 383 597 1 136 427 284 1 078 358 886 519 777 401 189 286

380 1 802 932 209 346 1 394 240 599 339 214 540 289 566 620 607 360 531 1 204 400 257 985 364 903 517 697 317 160 271

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

PART 5

Country

Profiles

PART 5 Country Profiles

173

EU Energy in Figures

Summary 5.0.

��

174

5.1. Belgium

��

176

5.2. Bulgaria

��

178

5.3.

European Union 28

��

180

5.4. Denmark

Czech Republic

��

182

5.5. Germany

��

184

��

186

5.7. Ireland

��

188

5.8. Greece

��

190

��

192

5.6. Estonia

5.9. Spain

5.10. France

��

194

5.11. Croatia

��

196

��

198

5.12. Italy

5.13. Cyprus

��

200

5.14. Latvia

��

202

5.15. Lithuania

��

5.16. Luxembourg

206

��

208

��

210

5.17. Hungary 5.18. Malta

204

��

212

5.20. Austria

5.19. Netherlands

��

214

5.21. Poland

��

216

5.22. Portugal

��

218

5.23. Romania

��

220

5.24. Slovenia

��

222

5.25. Slovakia

��

224

5.26. Finland

��

226

5.27. Sweden

��

5.28. United Kingdom

��

228 230

174

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.0. European Union 28

European Union 28

European Union 28 Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

175

EU Energy in Figures

1995 964.9 279.8 174.9 177.5 172.3 191.4 191.0 227.3 83.1 5.7 734.3 78.4 76.6 508.4 471.5 145.5 145.5 0.3 1.8 1 671.0 365.0 257.6 651.7 646.0 336.1 335.6 227.3 83.4 1.8 5.7 1 565.6 1 184.6 105.5 1 078.7

2000 947.3 214.6 120.7 175.7 169.9 209.4 209.2 243.8 97.1 6.5 825.9 98.3 94.3 531.8 501.8 193.4 193.4 0.3 2.0 1 726.9 321.3 221.5 659.6 673.7 396.1 395.9 243.8 97.5 2.0 6.5 1 616.6 1 235.8 110.3 1 131.0

2005 906.3 196.0 100.1 137.9 129.9 190.8 190.7 257.5 115.9 8.2 979.2 125.4 122.8 597.0 564.4 254.1 254.1 1.4 1.4 1 824.2 318.1 220.4 676.5 694.4 445.3 445.2 257.5 117.1 1.4 8.2 1 710.5 1 304.3 113.7 1 188.5

2010 845.0 164.8 74.8 109.5 94.5 159.9 159.9 236.6 163.0 11.1 954.3 111.6 111.0 558.6 523.9 277.8 277.8 5.6 0.7 1 759.7 282.9 191.8 612.4 619.1 447.2 447.1 236.6 168.9 0.7 11.2 1 653.5 1 270.8 106.2 1 159.8

2011 815.9 167.6 72.7 96.7 82.4 141.8 141.8 234.0 162.2 13.6 943.6 119.9 120.1 545.1 514.8 271.0 271.0 6.9 0.7 1 699.5 287.5 192.7 590.9 601.8 403.8 403.8 234.0 168.9 0.7 13.7 1 596.4 1 216.3 103.1 1 108.0

2012 809.6 167.5 73.2 89.9 74.2 133.4 133.4 227.7 177.4 13.6 922.8 123.9 125.1 531.7 529.0 258.6 258.6 6.8 1.6 1 683.5 293.9 200.0 569.2 602.4 392.8 392.8 227.7 184.4 1.6 13.7 1 584.8 1 201.2 98.6 1 104.5

83.0 464.2 247.2 42.5 0.3 0.4 194.3 45.4 1.5

62.2 489.6 267.5 47.2 0.4 0.4 217.6 44.6 1.3

53.3 504.9 281.2 54.0 0.7 0.6 239.5 52.4 1.8

49.8 458.2 273.0 76.1 1.5 0.5 244.4 53.4 2.9

48.7 445.3 244.6 74.4 1.7 0.5 239.9 48.0 4.8

47.4 431.3 252.8 77.1 1.8 0.5 240.6 48.3 4.6

329.5 306.7 283.6 115.3 31.6 12.1

332.3 345.1 294.3 116.9 28.7 13.6

329.7 369.6 304.5 143.7 28.2 12.8

290.7 363.7 311.1 157.3 25.6 11.6

289.4 361.9 277.6 146.5 25.0 7.6

282.8 351.7 289.2 148.7 25.0 7.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 618.5 681.1 758.1 884.8 922.9 952.1 353.3 391.5 435.1 488.7 492.1 495.2 128.4 136.6 135.0 131.7 132.1 123.2 133.5 139.0 143.4 147.5 148.7 148.9 2.4 12.7 40.4 84.6 94.2 106.3 0.0 0.2 2.3 29.4 51.3 68.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.0 1.1 2.4 6.8 2 742.7 3 035.9 3 325.1 3 364.4 3 295.1 3 295.2 945.9 933.7 960.6 830.2 851.6 901.8 230.3 181.3 142.8 86.8 72.5 72.5 294.1 512.9 704.2 797.8 733.8 614.7 880.8 945.0 997.7 916.6 906.7 882.4 382.2 448.8 495.1 709.6 705.9 798.7 8.8 12.6 14.4 19.0 20.2 20.6 105.6 106.0 394.6 377.7 11.7 % 11.5 % 3 038.4 2 994.0 300 172 337 373 358 141 342 490 339 749 328 800 138 159 134 100 115 398 91 366 87 471 82 369 123 249 153 225 186 210 194 695 194 696 190 599 216 710 3 019 13 088 13 635 14 501 24 58 556 2 832 2 887 2 852 188 637 2 309 10 216 10 726 11 637 191 171 164 152 144 143 3 458 3 542 3 678 3 486 3 360 3 318 4 676 5 192 5 616 5 631 5 516 5 515 179 160 154 142 135 135 43.0 % 46.7 % 52.2 % 52.7 % 53.9 % 53.4 % 21.5 % 30.6 % 39.4 % 39.4 % 41.7 % 42.2 % 29.7 % 42.6 % 55.7 % 57.9 % 62.3 % 62.5 % 74.0 % 75.7 % 82.1 % 84.4 % 85.1 % 86.4 % 73.0 % 74.5 % 81.3 % 84.6 % 85.5 % 87.8 % 43.4 % 48.9 % 57.1 % 62.1 % 67.1 % 65.8 % 12.5 % 14.2 % 19.7 % 4.8 %

12.9 % 14.1 % 15.0 % 15.6 % 21.7 % 23.5 % 3.4 % 5.1 %

4 365 5 451

4 384 5 372

4 559 5 477

4 194 5 039

4 062 4 900

3 995 4 824

9 033 2 612 499

8 994 2 539 433

9 190 2 499 410

8 307 2 383 361

8 031 2 390 344

7 873 2 373 340

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

176

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.1. Belgium

Belgium

Belgium Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

177

EU Energy in Figures

1995 11.8 0.3 0.3

2000 13.6 0.2 0.2

2005 13.7 0.1 0.1 0.0

2010 15.2

2011 18.3

2012 16.3

0.1

0.6

0.0 0.0 10.7 0.4 0.4 46.8 9.4 8.9 26.5 26.3 10.4 10.4 0.1 0.4 53.9 8.7 8.2 22.7 26.4 10.6 10.6 10.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 48.1 40.0 5.8 34.5

0.0 0.0 12.4 0.5 0.4 50.4 7.2 6.6 29.4 34.0 13.3 13.3 0.1 0.4 59.2 7.9 7.3 24.0 34.0 13.4 13.4 12.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 52.4 44.7 6.7 37.6

12.3 0.9 0.5 53.1 5.2 5.0 32.3 31.6 14.8 14.8 0.3 0.5 58.7 5.1 4.9 24.4 31.8 14.7 14.7 12.3 1.2 0.5 0.5 51.2 44.4 7.5 36.8

12.4 2.0 0.8 53.7 3.6 3.7 32.7 33.2 16.8 16.8 0.6 0.0 61.0 3.7 3.7 24.6 33.3 17.0 17.0 12.4 2.6 0.0 0.8 52.8 46.3 8.3 37.5

12.4 2.5 2.7 49.1 3.4 3.5 29.8 29.8 15.2 15.2 0.4 0.2 59.7 3.4 3.4 22.9 29.7 15.1 15.1 12.4 2.9 0.2 2.7 52.0 45.5 7.7 37.8

10.4 2.8 2.5 46.1 2.8 3.0 27.8 31.6 14.2 14.2 0.5 0.9 56.3 3.0 3.2 21.9 31.6 14.4 14.4 10.4 3.3 0.9 2.5 48.7 43.6 7.6 36.6

3.3 16.1 8.5 0.3 0.0

3.4 16.5 10.0 0.4 0.0

2.0 16.6 10.0 0.6 0.0

1.7 15.5 11.1 1.3 0.0

5.9 0.2 0.1

6.7 0.5 0.1

6.9 0.4 0.1

7.2 0.7 0.1

1.6 14.6 10.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 6.9 0.7 2.1

1.3 13.8 10.4 1.6 0.0 0.0 7.1 0.5 1.9

12.0 8.6 9.3 3.5 1.1 0.0

14.2 9.7 9.5 3.4 0.7 0.0

11.8 10.0 9.9 4.2 0.8 0.0

11.8 10.8 9.0 5.0 0.8 0.1

13.9 10.7 7.4 4.4 0.8 0.6

13.3 9.9 7.4 4.4 0.7 0.9

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 14.9 7.9 5.6 1.4 0.0

2000 15.7 8.5 5.7 1.4 0.0

2005 16.1 8.7 5.8 1.4 0.2 0.0

2010 18.3 9.2 5.9 1.4 0.9 0.9

2011 20.1 10.3 5.9 1.4 1.1 1.4

2012 20.8 9.5 5.9 1.4 1.4 2.6

74.4 16.5 1.3 12.9 41.4 1.6 0.7

84.0 12.9 0.8 19.1 48.2 2.3 0.8

87.0 8.2 1.7 25.1 47.6 3.4 0.7

95.1 4.2 0.3 33.2 47.9 7.9 1.3

90.2 3.4 0.2 27.4 48.2 9.6 1.2

82.9 3.4 0.1 25.6 40.3 11.8 1.5

1.9 7.4 8.5 % 75.9

2.6 15.2 16.0 %

2.6 14.5 16.0 % 93.7

8 483 3 038 4 313

9 623 2 408 5 454

9 865 10 283 10 198 1 890 1 277 1 293 6 541 7 399 7 358 352 338 53 48 299 290

9 420 1 206 6 784 346 48 298

221 211 194 190 182 172 5 321 5 773 5 607 5 608 5 435 5 095 6 752 7 568 7 657 7 655 7 298 7 507 198 187 169 164 159 149 80.9 % 78.1 % 80.0 % 78.2 % 73.9 % 74.0 % 108.9 % 91.1 % 101.4 % 97.8 % 101.2 % 94.2 % 108.5 % 90.4 % 100.9 % 100.2 % 102.6 % 93.8 % 99.6 % 100.2 % 100.8 % 101.4 % 100.7 % 99.3 % 99.8 % 100.2 % 99.5 % 99.9 % 100.3 % 99.7 % 98.2 % 99.3 % 100.6 % 98.8 % 100.6 % 98.6 %

140 166

146 167

153 171

5.0 % 5.0 % 7.1 % 4.1 %

5.2 % 4.7 % 8.8 % 4.0 %

6.8 % 6.6 % 11.1 % 4.5 %

142 159

131 146

124 140

13 827 14 235 14 591 13 065 11 891 11 245 2 599 2 466 2 602 2 329 2 188 2 207 576 520 504 442 398 380

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

178

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.2. Bulgaria

Bulgaria

Bulgaria Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

179

EU Energy in Figures

1995 10.3 5.3 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.4

21.5 12.9 1.2 11.4

2000 9.9 4.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.8 0.0 8.5 2.3 2.2 3.9 5.2 2.7 2.7 0.0 -0.4 18.5 6.4 2.2 4.1 5.3 2.9 2.9 4.7 0.8 -0.4 0.0 17.5 10.0 1.0 9.1

2005 10.7 4.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.4 4.8 1.1 0.1 9.3 2.6 2.5 4.9 5.8 2.5 2.5 0.0 -0.7 19.8 6.9 2.6 4.7 6.0 2.8 2.8 4.8 1.1 -0.7 0.1 18.9 10.6 0.8 10.1

2010 10.5 4.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 4.0 1.5 0.0 7.1 1.7 1.7 4.0 5.4 2.1 2.1 -0.1 -0.7 17.8 6.9 1.9 3.9 5.4 2.3 2.3 4.0 1.5 -0.7 0.0 17.3 8.8 0.4 8.8

2011 12.3 6.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.4 4.2 1.4 0.0 6.9 2.0 2.0 3.7 4.9 2.3 2.3 -0.1 -0.9 19.1 8.1 1.9 3.7 5.0 2.6 2.6 4.2 1.4 -0.9 0.0 18.6 9.5 0.5 9.3

2012 11.7 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 4.1 1.6 0.0 6.6 1.5 1.5 3.8 5.8 2.0 2.0 0.0 -0.7 18.2 6.9 1.4 3.8 5.8 2.5 2.5 4.1 1.6 -0.7 0.0 17.8 9.3 0.5 9.2

1.3 2.9 1.8 0.2

0.9 3.0 1.7 0.5

1.0 3.7 1.6 0.7

2.5 2.8

2.1 0.9 0.0

0.0 2.2 0.9 0.1

0.4 3.1 1.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 2.3 1.0 0.0

0.5 3.0 1.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.0 0.0

0.4 3.1 1.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.0 0.0

6.0 1.8 2.5 0.2 0.4 0.5

4.0 2.0 2.2 0.6 0.3 0.0

4.0 2.9 2.1 0.8 0.3

2.6 2.9 2.2 1.0 0.2

2.7 2.9 2.4 1.0 0.2

2.6 3.1 2.4 1.0 0.2

12.8 2.4 2.3 5.9 7.4 4.6 4.6 0.0 0.0 22.7 7.6 3.2 5.6 7.4 4.6 4.6 4.5 0.4 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 2.0

2.0

41.8 17.3 1.4 3.4 17.3 2.3

1 776 1 161 278

2000 11.1 5.7 3.5 1.9

2005 12.3 6.7 2.7 2.8 0.0

2010 10.0 4.6 1.9 3.0 0.5 0.0

2011 10.2 4.5 1.9 3.1 0.5 0.2

2012 11.6 4.9 1.9 3.1 0.7 1.0

40.9 16.9 0.7 2.2 18.2 3.0 0.0

44.4 18.5 0.6 1.9 18.7 4.7 0.0

46.7 22.6 0.4 2.0 15.2 6.4

50.8 27.5 0.1 2.1 16.3 4.7

47.3 22.9 0.2 2.4 15.8 6.1

1.2 2.7 6.1 % 50.4

1.0 3.7 8.0 % 40.4

1.1 3.4 6.7 % 38.5

2 588 571 1 379

2 608 611 1 441 13

2 616 564 1 511 17

2 698 540 1 612 86

1 804 707 779

1 288 1 040 849 669 705 670 2 699 2 267 2 559 2 359 2 598 2 496 3 413 2 968 3 332 3 597 3 868 3 811 1 218 985 813 653 687 653 55.9 % 46.0 % 46.7 % 39.6 % 36.0 % 36.1 % 31.7 % 35.1 % 37.0 % 24.7 % 24.4 % 21.4 % 73.0 % 100.5 % 94.8 % 88.2 % 102.9 % 107.2 % 99.6 % 95.4 % 102.2 % 101.0 % 97.7 % 96.9 % 99.7 % 98.7 % 97.7 % 99.1 % 98.2 % 99.8 % 99.5 % 93.5 % 87.7 % 92.6 % 86.1 % 83.3 % 14.4 % 24.4 % 13.7 % 1.0 %

14.6 % 24.9 % 13.9 % 0.4 %

16.3 % 27.5 % 17.0 % 0.3 %

60 78

46 60

51 65

49 61

54 67

49 62

7 114 2 636 3 396

5 626 2 482 2 581

6 635 2 593 2 202

6 442 2 731 1 827

7 341 2 826 1 994

6 715 2 691 1 802

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

180

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.3. Czech Republic

Czech Republic

Czech Republic Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

181

EU Energy in Figures

1995 32.4 27.6 10.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 3.2 1.2 0.0 8.6 -5.8 -2.9 7.9 7.0 6.4 6.4 0.0 0.0 41.7 22.7 8.4 8.1 6.9 6.6 6.6 3.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 39.4 27.8 2.3 26.1

2000 30.6 25.0 9.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 3.5 1.3 0.2 9.4 -4.7 -3.5 7.5 5.6 7.5 7.5 0.0 -0.9 41.2 21.6 6.3 7.9 5.8 7.5 7.5 3.5 1.3 -0.9 0.2 39.1 27.2 2.1 24.8

2005 32.9 23.6 8.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 6.4 2.0 0.2 12.6 -3.3 -2.8 9.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 -0.2 -1.1 45.1 20.2 5.6 9.9 7.7 7.7 7.7 6.4 1.8 -1.1 0.2 42.2 29.2 2.9 26.0

2010 31.6 20.7 7.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 7.2 2.9 0.2 11.4 -3.0 -2.9 8.9 7.8 6.8 6.8 -0.1 -1.3 44.7 18.5 4.9 9.2 8.0 8.1 8.1 7.2 2.8 -1.3 0.2 41.9 28.7 2.8 25.4

2011 32.0 20.9 7.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 7.3 3.0 0.2 12.0 -2.6 -2.5 8.5 6.9 7.5 7.5 0.0 -1.5 43.2 18.4 5.1 9.0 7.1 6.8 6.8 7.3 3.0 -1.5 0.2 40.6 27.1 2.6 24.5

2012 32.6 20.7 7.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 7.8 3.2 0.2 10.8 -2.2 -2.2 8.4 7.1 6.1 6.1 0.0 -1.5 42.8 17.3 4.6 8.8 7.3 6.9 6.9 7.8 3.2 -1.5 0.2 40.1 26.3 2.7 24.1

6.1 5.1 6.2 0.9

5.1 5.3 6.5 0.9

3.8 6.8 6.7 1.3 0.0

3.0 6.5 6.7 1.9 0.0

3.1 6.4 6.0 1.9 0.0

2.8 6.2 5.9 2.0 0.0

4.1 3.7

4.2 2.6 0.0

4.8 2.5 0.1

4.9 2.2 0.2

4.9 2.1 0.2

12.5 2.8 6.4 2.4 1.2 0.7

10.1 4.4 6.1 3.0 0.7 0.5

9.7 6.1 6.3 3.1 0.5 0.3

8.6 6.2 6.6 3.1 0.6 0.3

8.5 6.2 5.9 3.0 0.6 0.3

8.1 6.0 6.0 3.0 0.6 0.3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 13.8 10.6 1.8 1.4

2000 15.3 11.5 1.8 2.1 0.0

2005 17.4 11.5 3.8 2.2 0.0 0.0

2010 19.8 11.8 3.9 2.2 0.2 1.7

2011 20.2 11.9 4.0 2.2 0.2 1.9

2012 20.4 11.9 4.0 2.2 0.3 2.0

60.8 44.3 0.6 1.0 12.2 2.7 0.0

73.5 52.6 0.4 3.9 13.6 2.8 0.2

82.6 49.5 0.3 4.2 24.7 3.8 0.0

85.9 47.1 0.2 4.1 28.0 6.5 0.0

87.6 47.1 0.1 4.0 28.3 7.9 0.1

87.6 44.4 0.1 3.9 30.3 8.8 0.1

5.2 13.9 16.8 % 150.7

4.8 12.2 14.2 % 135.7

4.7 11.2 12.8 % 121.1

5 724 1 833 3 469 232 58 174

5 661 1 759 3 470 301 61 240

2 601 1 694 703 16

4 070 1 922 1 880 63

5 866 2 125 3 322 3

5 538 1 640 3 508 275 56 219

533 481 431 374 355 355 4 034 4 008 4 409 4 253 4 118 4 071 4 654 4 807 5 403 5 439 5 407 5 391 504 457 403 351 334 333 20.6 % 22.8 % 28.0 % 25.5 % 27.7 % 25.2 % -25.5 % -21.8 % -16.1 % -16.1 % -14.0 % -13.0 % -34.2 % -56.1 % -49.4 % -58.0 % -47.8 % -47.5 % 98.0 % 95.3 % 97.5 % 96.4 % 95.2 % 95.3 % 100.2 % 95.3 % 99.3 % 97.5 % 97.3 % 97.3 % 98.0 % 99.8 % 97.8 % 84.8 % 110.2 % 89.0 %

129 152

127 147

9.3 % 12.1 % 7.5 % 4.6 %

9.3 % 12.6 % 10.6 % 0.7 %

11.2 % 13.6 % 11.6 % 5.6 %

118 138

116 136

112 132

12 534 12 338 12 427 11 232 11 056 10 678 3 107 3 078 2 819 2 641 2 685 2 623 1 657 1 480 1 215 989 954 932

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

182

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.4. Denmark

Denmark

Denmark Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

183

EU Energy in Figures

1995 16.3

2000 28.8

2005 30.8

2010 23.2

2011 20.5

2012 18.9

10.0 9.3 4.7 4.7

19.3 18.1 7.4 7.4

18.5 18.5 9.4 9.4

12.3 12.3 7.4 7.3

11.1 11.1 5.9 5.9

10.2 10.2 5.2 5.2

1.3 0.2 7.3 7.7 7.6 1.2 0.6 -1.5 -1.5 0.0 -0.1 20.2 6.5 6.5 9.0 9.8 3.2 3.2

1.7 0.3 -7.4 3.8 3.8 -8.4 -9.9 -2.9 -2.9 0.1 0.1 19.8 4.0 4.0 9.1 8.2 4.5 4.4

2.5 0.4 -10.1 3.5 3.5 -9.1 -10.9 -5.0 -5.0 0.3 0.1 19.6 3.7 3.7 8.1 7.7 4.4 4.4

3.1 0.4 -3.4 2.6 2.6 -3.7 -5.1 -3.0 -3.0 0.8 -0.1 20.1 3.8 3.8 7.7 7.3 4.4 4.4

3.1 0.4 -1.2 3.6 3.6 -3.8 -4.3 -2.1 -2.1 1.0 0.1 18.7 3.2 3.2 7.3 6.8 3.7 3.7

3.1 0.4 -0.6 2.3 2.3 -2.6 -2.4 -1.9 -1.9 1.1 0.4 18.1 2.5 2.5 7.1 7.6 3.5 3.5

1.3 -0.1 0.2 19.9 15.1 0.3 14.8

1.8 0.1 0.3 19.5 15.0 0.3 14.7

2.8 0.1 0.4 19.3 15.5 0.3 15.5

3.9 -0.1 0.4 19.9 15.8 0.3 15.2

4.0 0.1 0.4 18.5 15.0 0.3 14.5

4.2 0.4 0.4 17.9 14.7 0.3 14.1

0.4 7.3 1.7 0.6 0.0

0.3 7.1 1.7 0.6 0.0

0.3 7.3 1.7 0.9 0.0

0.2 6.3 1.8 1.3 0.0

0.2 6.1 1.6 1.3 0.0

0.1 5.7 1.6 1.4 0.0

2.7 2.2 0.0

2.8 2.3 0.0

2.9 2.4 0.0

2.8 2.8 0.0

2.7 2.5 0.0

2.7 2.6 0.0

3.0 4.6 4.5 1.8 0.9 0.0

2.9 4.8 4.2 1.8 1.0 0.0

2.9 5.3 4.5 2.0 0.9 0.0

2.4 4.8 4.9 2.1 1.0 0.0

2.4 4.7 4.4 2.0 0.9 0.0

2.3 4.6 4.4 1.9 0.9 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 10.8 10.2

2000 12.3 9.9

2005 13.0 9.9

2010 13.4 9.6

2011 13.6 9.6

2012 14.1 9.5

0.0 0.6

0.0 2.4 0.0

0.0 3.1 0.0

0.0 3.8 0.0

0.0 4.0 0.0

0.0 4.2 0.4

36.8 27.4 3.6 3.6

36.1 16.7 4.4 8.8

36.2 15.5 1.4 8.8

38.9 17.0 0.8 7.9

35.2 14.0 0.5 5.8

30.7 10.6 0.4 4.2

1.9 0.3

5.6 0.6

9.8 0.8

12.4 0.7

14.2 0.8

14.8 0.7

5.7 18.9 52.1 % 119.0

5.8 19.1 49.2 % 124.7

5.5 16.3 46.2 % 108.1

5 303 1 922 2 383

4 700 1 144 2 661 27 27

4 581 971 2 680 134 51 83

4 530 1 944 1 823

119 3 867 5 905 118 33.4 % 117.9 % 118.0 % 11.0 % 6.3 % -47.2 %

4 795 2 019 1 872

101 3 701 6 080 100 -35.1 % 94.9 % 94.8 % -80.8 % -120.5 % -64.8 %

94 3 613 6 175 93 -49.9 % 94.4 % 94.3 % -102.7 % -141.3 % -113.9 %

97 3 633 5 836 96 -16.1 % 69.4 % 69.3 % -43.9 % -68.8 % -68.3 %

4 354 866 2 580 223 223

90 87 3 366 3 245 5 732 5 618 88 86 -6.1 % -3.4 % 111.0 % 93.7 % 111.1 % 93.6 % -47.7 % -34.8 % -63.3 % -31.2 % -55.3 % -54.2 %

22.6 % 30.7 % 32.7 % 0.9 %

24.0 % 31.8 % 35.9 % 3.8 %

26.0 % 33.3 % 38.7 % 5.8 %

56 69

53 66

49 61

43 56

12 973 11 303 10 363 3 355 3 054 2 868 401 310 271

9 629 2 651 258

8 732 2 594 233

7 770 2 394 209

68 83

60 75

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

184

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.5. Germany

Germany

Germany Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

185

EU Energy in Figures

1995 145.2 78.9 38.1 4.3 3.0 15.1 15.1 39.5 5.9 1.4 195.2 10.3 8.2 131.6 101.6 52.9 52.9

2000 135.5 60.6 24.2 4.7 3.2 15.8 15.8 43.8 8.9 1.7 204.7 21.7 17.2 125.9 101.4 56.9 56.9

0.4 341.6 91.6 47.7 135.4 104.8 67.3 67.3 39.5 5.9 0.4 1.4 318.0 244.0 23.6 221.6

0.3 342.3 84.8 43.8 131.0 108.1 71.9 71.9 43.8 8.9 0.3 1.7 317.2 247.3 25.1 220.0

13.9 105.6 51.8 2.7 0.0

11.0 99.7 56.1 4.7 0.1

38.8 8.7

41.6 6.8

60.1 63.7 66.3 25.9 2.0 3.7

57.6 66.8 65.2 25.8 0.3 4.3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

2005 139.1 56.5 18.0 7.5 3.5 14.3 14.3 42.1 16.8 1.8 208.1 26.0 23.8 120.2 111.0 61.9 61.9 0.4 -0.4 341.9 82.0 41.3 121.5 114.1 77.8 77.8 42.1 17.2 -0.4 1.8 317.2 247.1 24.7 218.5

2010 133.7 45.9 9.2 8.1 2.5 11.1 11.1 36.3 28.4 3.9 201.7 31.6 29.1 109.8 91.6 61.6 61.6 -0.1 -1.3 333.7 78.8 39.6 111.8 94.5 75.9 75.9 36.3 28.3 -1.3 3.9 311.1 243.7 22.6 220.5

2011 127.0 46.7 8.6 7.8 2.6 10.9 10.9 27.9 29.8 3.9 196.8 32.4 30.4 104.5 89.1 60.4 60.4 -0.2 -0.3 317.1 78.2 38.1 108.3 92.5 69.6 69.6 27.9 29.7 -0.3 3.9 294.7 233.2 22.4 209.2

2012 128.1 47.6 7.6 8.3 2.6 9.6 9.6 25.7 32.9 4.0 196.8 32.1 30.7 106.4 92.3 59.8 59.8 0.2 -1.8 319.5 80.4 38.8 108.3 94.1 69.8 69.8 25.7 33.1 -1.8 4.0 297.6 233.6 21.8 213.1

8.2 90.4 55.1 8.5 0.3 0.0 44.9 10.8 0.3

9.4 83.2 56.5 12.9 0.5 0.1 45.8 11.3 1.0

9.5 80.3 50.8 12.0 0.6 0.1 45.2 10.0 0.9

9.6 81.0 52.9 12.5 0.6 0.1 45.2 10.4 0.9

59.1 62.3 63.5 33.2 0.0 0.3

60.6 61.2 63.2 35.4

60.8 61.3 55.0 31.9

61.2 61.5 57.5 32.8

0.2

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 116.2 83.4 22.8 8.9 1.1 0.0

2000 118.9 80.8 22.4 9.5 6.1 0.1

2005 128.6 76.4 20.4 10.9 18.4 2.1

2010 162.7 85.8 20.5 11.2 27.2 17.6 0.0

2011 175.9 89.4 20.5 11.4 29.1 25.0 0.0

2012 177.3 89.6 12.1 11.3 31.3 32.6 0.0

537.3 289.1 9.0 50.4 153.1 30.4 5.3

576.5 296.7 4.8 60.0 169.6 39.7 5.8

0.6 622.6 288.1 12.0 83.6 163.1 69.3 3.3

0.4 633.0 262.9 8.7 100.9 140.6 111.2 6.4

0.5 613.1 262.5 7.2 97.1 108.0 129.6 6.4

0.4 629.8 277.1 7.6 87.5 99.5 149.6 6.6

20.8 77.9 12.6 % 652.5

22.5 83.2 13.2 % 675.8

26.6 79.6 13.1 % 638.9

62 229 65 139 58 489 56 660 56 974 56 972 32 059 30 651 23 722 18 859 18 779 17 618 24 099 27 047 26 364 28 449 29 183 29 832 36 236 1 859 2 884 2 788 2 913 153 749 782 792 31 222 1 552 2 104 1 999 2 114 173 159 154 140 129 129 4 183 4 165 4 145 4 081 3 878 3 900 5 525 5 882 6 333 6 512 6 426 6 419 161 147 143 131 120 120 56.8 % 59.4 % 60.4 % 60.0 % 61.5 % 61.1 % 11.2 % 25.5 % 31.7 % 40.1 % 41.5 % 40.0 % 17.1 % 39.2 % 57.5 % 73.7 % 79.9 % 79.1 % 95.8 % 94.6 % 97.0 % 95.9 % 94.2 % 96.0 % 96.9 % 93.8 % 97.3 % 97.0 % 96.3 % 98.1 % 78.6 % 79.1 % 79.6 % 81.2 % 86.8 % 85.7 %

953 1 140

918 1 067

893 1 026

10.7 % 10.3 % 18.1 % 6.0 %

11.6 % 10.8 % 20.9 % 5.9 %

12.4 % 11.1 % 23.6 % 6.9 %

863 980

843 961

855 973

11 665 11 170 10 826 10 553 10 305 10 440 2 789 2 682 2 612 2 586 2 657 2 677 484 425 401 363 343 346

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

186

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.6. Estonia

Estonia

Estonia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

187

EU Energy in Figures

1995 3.9 3.1

2000 3.5 2.7

2005 4.4 3.2

2010 5.6 3.9

2011 5.7 4.1

2012 5.8 4.0

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.5

0.7

1.0

1.1

1.8 0.3 0.1 1.0

1.6 0.3 0.1 0.8

1.5 0.0 0.0 0.9

0.9 0.0 0.0 0.8

0.8 0.0 0.0 0.7

1.1 0.0 0.1 0.9

0.6 0.6 0.0 -0.1 5.5 3.5 0.1 1.2

0.7 0.7 0.0 -0.1 5.0 3.0 0.1 0.9

0.8 0.8 -0.1 -0.1 5.6 3.2 0.0 1.2

0.6 0.6 -0.2 -0.3 6.2 3.9 0.0 1.1

0.5 0.5 -0.1 -0.3 6.2 4.1 0.0 1.1

0.5 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 6.1 3.8 0.0 1.1

0.6 0.6

0.7 0.7

0.8 0.8

0.6 0.6

0.5 0.5

0.3 -0.1

0.5 -0.1

0.6 -0.1

0.8 -0.3

0.9 -0.2

5.4 3.0 0.2 2.6

4.8 2.7 0.2 2.4

5.4 3.0 0.2 2.9

6.1 3.0 0.1 2.9

6.1 2.7 0.1 2.8

6.0 2.9 0.1 2.9

0.2 0.8 0.3 0.3

0.1 0.8 0.2 0.4

0.1 1.0 0.3 0.4

0.1 0.9 0.2 0.6

0.1 1.0 0.2 0.5

0.4 0.6

0.4 0.5

0.5 0.5

0.6 0.5

0.8 0.5 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

0.6 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.1

0.7 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.1

0.6 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.1

0.6 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.1

0.6 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.1

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 0.0

2000 2.8 2.8

2005 2.6 2.5

2010 2.8 2.6

2011 2.8 2.6

2012 2.9 2.6

0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.1

0.0 0.2

0.0 0.3

8.7 8.3 0.1 0.3

8.5 7.7 0.1 0.8

10.2 9.3 0.0 0.8

13.0 11.2 0.0 0.7

12.9 11.0 0.0 0.7

12.0 9.8 0.1 0.6

0.0

0.1

1.0

1.2

1.5

1.6 1.0 10.2 % 11.5

0.4 1.3 10.3 % 12.3

0.4 1.3 10.4 % 12.3

765 309 408

778 289 451

770 268 467 4 4

487 264 204

578 299 257

780 256 486 4 4

966 629 502 551 505 481 3 820 3 628 4 170 4 595 4 617 4 569 3 146 3 655 4 482 5 155 4 945 5 209 935 606 482 543 500 474 32.4 % 32.2 % 26.1 % 13.7 % 12.1 % 17.1 % 8.6 % 9.2 % 0.8 % -0.4 % -0.2 % 0.5 % 102.4 % 116.1 % 96.4 % 118.3 % 95.7 % 126.6 % 80.2 % 77.4 % 70.8 % 57.5 % 56.1 % 60.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %

18 20

16 18

17 19

24.6 % 43.3 % 10.4 % 0.2 %

25.6 % 44.1 % 12.3 % 0.2 %

25.8 % 43.1 % 15.8 % 0.3 %

19 21

18 20

12 658 11 329 12 575 13 888 14 272 13 238 3 314 3 122 3 016 3 023 3 091 2 898 3 202 1 964 1 515 1 665 1 562 1 394

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

188

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.7. Ireland

Ireland

Ireland Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

189

EU Energy in Figures

1995 4.1 1.7 0.0

2000 2.2 1.0

2005 1.6 0.8

2010 1.9 1.0

2011 1.7 0.8

2012 1.3 0.3

0.0

0.1

2.2 2.2

1.0 1.0

0.5 0.5

0.2 0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6 0.0 13.2 0.9 0.9 7.6 3.0 4.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 15.1 2.0 1.2 7.8 3.0 4.7 4.7

0.7 0.0 12.6 1.4 1.4 7.1 3.1 4.0 4.0 0.1 0.0 14.0 2.0 1.3 7.0 3.0 4.1 4.1

0.7 0.0 11.8 1.3 1.3 6.6 3.0 3.8 3.8 0.1 0.0 13.8 2.4 1.4 6.6 3.1 4.0 4.0

0.8 0.0 0.0 13.7 11.3 0.3 11.0

0.8 0.0 0.0 13.6 11.0 0.3 10.7

7.7 1.9 1.9 5.8 2.3 0.1 0.1

12.2 1.7 1.7 8.1 3.0 2.5 2.5

0.0 11.0 2.9 1.8 5.6 2.3 2.3 2.3

0.0 14.3 2.6 1.8 8.0 3.3 3.4 3.4

13.5 1.9 1.9 8.4 3.2 3.0 3.0 0.0 0.2 15.0 2.7 1.9 8.4 3.2 3.5 3.5

0.2 0.0

0.4 0.2

10.5 8.1 0.5 8.0

13.7 10.8 0.5 10.8

14.7 11.7 0.3 12.6

0.7 0.0 0.0 14.9 12.1 0.3 11.9

0.9 4.9 0.8 0.1 0.0

0.7 7.0 1.2 0.1 0.0

0.7 8.2 1.4 0.2 0.0

0.6 7.2 1.6 0.3 0.0

0.5 6.4 1.6 0.3 0.0

0.5 6.1 1.7 0.3 0.0

1.3

1.7

2.1

2.2

2.1

0.0

2.1 4.7 3.3 1.5 0.3

2.3 4.4 2.7 1.3 0.3

2.3 4.2 2.7 1.3 0.2

2.0 2.4 2.2 1.1 0.3

2.5 4.1 2.5 1.4 0.3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

2.6 5.1 2.9 1.6 0.3

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 4.1 3.5

2000 4.7 4.1

2005 6.3 5.1

2010 8.5 6.4

2011 8.8 6.4

2012 8.8 6.3

0.5 0.0

0.5 0.1

0.5 0.5

0.5 1.4

0.5 1.6

0.5 1.8

17.9 9.0 2.7 5.2

24.0 8.6 4.6 9.3

0.1 26.0 8.8 3.3 11.6

0.2 28.6 6.4 0.6 17.7

0.2 27.5 6.9 0.2 14.9

0.2 27.6 8.1 0.2 13.7

1.0

1.5

2.2

3.9

5.4

5.5 0.0

0.1 0.6 2.4 % 4.4

0.3 1.9 6.7 % 12.0

0.3 2.0 7.1 % 11.0

5 075 1 823 2 370 1

4 618 1 527 2 304 114 51 63

4 254 1 359 2 175 118 49 69

2 386 1 104 851

4 082 1 590 1 833

140 111 92 93 3 066 3 758 3 616 3 318 4 124 5 333 5 854 5 575 133 107 91 91 69.4 % 84.7 % 89.3 % 86.5 % 64.8 % 64.7 % 70.8 % 47.8 % 105.9 % 93.2 % 100.8 % 79.3 % 100.2 % 98.8 % 99.7 % 97.5 % 100.2 % 89.8 % 98.9 % 101.6 % 3.6 % 72.1 % 86.7 % 95.7 %

4 045 1 282 2 156 104 48 56

84 83 3 056 3 017 5 434 5 264 82 81 89.6 % 84.8 % 68.9 % 55.4 % 111.1 % 90.3 % 101.1 % 98.5 % 100.7 % 95.9 % 96.1 % 95.6 %

5.6 % 4.3 % 14.9 % 2.4 %

6.6 % 4.9 % 17.6 % 3.9 %

7.2 % 5.1 % 19.6 % 4.1 %

50 73

44 65

40 60

40 61

10 206 12 349 12 130 3 328 3 286 3 354 467 366 310

9 658 2 911 269

8 766 2 869 240

8 747 2 899 240

37 60

47 71

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

190

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.8. Greece

Greece

Greece Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

191

EU Energy in Figures

1995 9.4 7.5

2000 10.0 8.2

2005 10.3 8.5

2010 9.5 7.3

2011 9.6 7.5

2012 10.5 8.0

0.5 0.5 0.1 0.0

0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

1.3 0.0 18.3 0.9 0.9 17.3 14.9

1.4 0.1 22.2 0.8 0.8 19.7 19.6 1.7 1.7

1.6 0.0 23.5 0.4 0.4 20.5 18.0 2.3 2.3

0.1 23.9 8.4 1.0 14.0 15.1 0.1 0.0

0.0 28.3 9.0 0.7 16.1 19.7 1.7 1.7

0.3 31.4 8.9 0.3 18.1 18.9 2.4 2.4

2.0 0.0 21.7 0.4 0.4 17.4 19.5 3.2 3.2 0.2 0.5 28.7 7.9 0.4 15.0 19.6 3.2 3.2

2.0 0.0 19.9 0.2 0.2 15.2 16.0 4.0 4.0 0.1 0.3 27.8 7.9 0.2 13.5 16.6 4.0 4.0

2.3 0.0 20.0 0.2 0.2 15.8 21.1 3.7 3.7 0.2 0.2 27.7 8.1 0.2 13.3 21.0 3.7 3.7

1.3 0.1 0.0 23.4 16.4 0.5 15.8

1.4 0.0 0.1 27.6 19.1 0.7 18.7

1.6 0.3 0.0 30.6 21.4 0.8 21.0

2.1 0.5 0.0 27.6 19.7 1.1 19.0

2.1 0.3 0.0 26.9 18.9 0.9 18.9

2.5 0.2 0.0 27.1 18.4 0.7 17.1

1.0 10.8 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 2.9

0.9 12.7 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.0 3.7 0.0

0.5 14.4 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.0 4.4 0.0

0.3 12.1 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.0 4.6 0.0

0.2 11.7 1.1 1.2 0.2 0.0 4.5 0.1

0.2 9.9 1.0 1.3 0.2 0.0 4.5 0.0

4.0 6.5 3.3 0.9 1.0

4.5 7.3 4.5 1.3 1.1 0.0

4.2 8.2 5.5 1.9 1.1

3.5 8.2 4.6 2.0 0.8

3.3 7.4 5.5 1.9 0.7 0.1

3.0 6.4 5.0 2.2 0.3 0.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 8.9 6.4

2000 10.9 7.6

2005 13.3 9.7

2010 15.3 10.6

2011 16.5 11.0

2012 22.3 11.2

2.5 0.0

3.1 0.2

3.1 0.5 0.0

3.2 1.3 0.2

3.2 1.6 0.6

3.2 1.8 1.5

41.6 28.7 8.9 0.1

53.8 34.3 8.9 5.9

60.0 35.5 9.2 8.2

57.4 30.8 6.1 9.8

59.4 31.1 5.9 13.9

4.6 61.0 31.1 6.1 13.4

3.8 0.1

4.6 0.2

7.0 0.1

10.5 0.1

8.4 0.1

10.3 0.1

0.2 1.0 1.7 % 9.7

0.6 2.5 4.3 % 12.7

0.6 2.7 4.5 % 13.8

8 157 4 170 2 483

8 004 3 867 2 730 124

7 311 3 497 2 401 103

6 225 3 097 1 849 124

124

103

124

0.0

6 504 2 921 2 037

7 278 3 464 2 247

179 179 163 148 154 166 2 244 2 591 2 831 2 576 2 499 2 502 3 205 3 952 4 589 4 763 4 656 4 689 175 174 159 143 150 162 66.7 % 69.5 % 68.6 % 69.1 % 65.0 % 66.6 % 11.0 % 8.5 % 4.1 % 5.1 % 2.9 % 2.3 % 95.2 % 105.8 % 112.4 % 100.5 % 102.1 % 76.1 % 98.4 % 100.2 % 97.7 % 98.6 % 93.8 % 101.3 % 98.8 % 99.5 % 95.2 % 99.5 % 96.5 % 100.7 % 99.1 % 99.1 % 99.9 % 100.0 % 100.3 % 9.8 % 17.8 % 12.5 % 1.9 %

10.9 % 19.4 % 13.9 % 0.7 %

13.8 % 24.4 % 16.5 % 1.1 %

124 147

108 129

105 126

100 121

9 436 10 670 11 217 4 205 4 118 3 962 751 736 645

9 645 3 744 555

9 477 3 792 586

9 039 3 613 599

100 124

116 141

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

192

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.9. Spain

Spain

Spain Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

193

EU Energy in Figures

1995 31.4 10.2 8.3 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 14.3 5.5 0.2 75.4 8.6 8.1 58.9 55.3 7.5 7.5

2000 31.5 8.0 6.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 16.0 6.8 0.2 99.3 12.8 13.3 70.7 57.7 15.5 15.5

2005 30.1 6.3 5.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 14.8 8.4 0.2 123.8 14.4 14.7 79.3 59.9 30.2 30.2 -0.1 144.2 20.6 19.8 70.5 59.9 29.9 29.8 14.8 8.4 -0.1 0.2 135.9 106.0 8.3 97.8

2010 34.4 3.3 3.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 16.0 14.5 0.2 106.1 6.7 6.8 68.7 52.7 30.9 30.9 0.4 -0.7 129.9 7.9 8.0 60.4 53.0 31.2 31.1 16.0 14.9 -0.7 0.2 122.8 95.7 7.0 89.1

2011 32.0 2.6 2.6 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 14.9 13.8 0.2 104.4 8.6 8.7 66.1 52.4 29.4 29.4 0.9 -0.5 128.2 12.3 12.5 57.7 52.6 28.9 28.9 14.9 14.7 -0.5 0.2 121.4 93.0 6.8 86.7

2012 33.5 2.5 2.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 15.9 14.5 0.2 99.4 11.6 11.8 59.2 58.9 28.1 28.1 1.5 -1.0 127.3 15.1 15.2 52.9 59.4 28.2 28.2 15.9 16.0 -1.0 0.2 121.3 88.4 6.0 83.1

0.4 102.1 19.0 16.7 54.9 55.8 7.8 7.7 14.3 5.5 0.4 0.2 94.2 72.5 7.9 64.0

0.4 123.6 20.9 19.8 64.0 57.3 15.3 15.2 16.0 6.8 0.4 0.2 114.2 88.8 9.4 79.9

2.2 39.5 6.8 3.2 0.0 0.0 12.1

1.8 46.3 12.1 3.4 0.0 0.0 16.2

1.7 53.5 18.0 3.7 0.1 0.0 20.8

1.3 46.8 14.6 5.1 0.2 0.0 21.0

1.6 44.0 14.3 5.6 0.2 0.0 20.9

1.3 40.1 14.9 6.0 0.2 0.0 20.7

25.4 33.2 12.0 6.7 2.6 0.0

31.0 39.9 15.1 8.4 3.1 0.2

21.4 37.2 16.9 9.8 2.2 1.5

21.4 36.0 15.6 10.2 2.4 1.0

20.8 33.3 15.5 10.0 2.7 0.7

0.1 20.5 26.4 10.0 4.3 2.2 0.5

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 45.6 21.9 7.1 16.5 0.1 0.0

2000 53.9 26.2 7.5 18.0 2.2 0.0

2005 76.6 40.8 7.6 18.2 9.9 0.1

2010 101.8 50.5 7.5 18.5 20.7 3.9

2011 102.8 49.8 7.5 18.5 21.5 4.4

2012 105.2 49.8 7.5 18.6 22.8 4.6

167.1 65.9 14.6 4.9 55.5 25.9 0.3

224.5 79.1 22.6 21.9 62.2 38.0 0.6

294.1 79.1 24.4 80.7 57.5 46.9 0.5

301.5 25.3 16.6 95.8 62.0 101.0 0.7

293.8 44.0 14.7 86.7 57.7 89.8 0.8

297.6 55.1 15.3 74.2 61.5 90.6 0.7

3.1 22.9 7.8 % 192.5

3.4 22.4 7.4 % 153.3

3.0 22.1 7.6 % 159.0

26 101 32 791 39 227 35 409 33 874 30 755 9 152 9 141 7 786 5 696 5 299 4 778 13 373 18 859 25 977 24 171 22 658 20 419 70 256 1 412 1 691 2 087 113 230 225 198 70 142 1 181 1 466 1 889 161 2 592 3 578 149 71.7 % 45.4 % 48.5 % 101.5 % 99.1 % 97.4 %

160 3 071 4 681 148 76.6 % 61.3 % 66.8 % 101.0 % 100.6 % 101.6 %

159 137 135 136 3 323 2 819 2 780 2 757 5 581 5 313 5 279 5 204 149 130 128 130 81.4 % 76.8 % 76.4 % 73.3 % 70.1 % 85.1 % 69.8 % 76.5 % 74.4 % 85.0 % 70.0 % 77.6 % 101.2 % 99.9 % 99.8 % 96.7 % 100.1 % 99.3 % 99.7 % 99.3 % 101.4 % 99.4 % 101.6 % 99.6 % 13.8 % 12.6 % 29.7 % 4.7 %

13.2 % 13.6 % 31.6 % 0.4 %

14.3 % 14.0 % 33.5 % 0.4 %

280 340

337 409

403 469

320 387

322 388

317 381

7 112 2 744 442

8 373 2 727 435

9 275 2 791 443

6 940 2 462 337

6 985 2 513 340

6 862 2 489 339

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

194

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.10. France

France

France Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

195

EU Energy in Figures

1995 127.4 6.0 5.4 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.8 97.3 17.0 0.7 117.1 9.1 8.7 86.4 78.6 27.5 27.5 -6.0 241.8 16.1 14.9 87.1 82.1 29.6 29.6 97.3 17.0 -6.0 0.7 225.9 156.8 15.9 143.5

2000 130.2 2.5 2.4 2.4 1.7 1.5 1.5 107.1 15.8 0.9 134.1 13.0 12.4 91.3 86.8 35.8 35.8 0.0 -6.0 257.6 15.0 14.2 88.9 88.2 35.8 35.8 107.1 15.8 -6.0 0.9 241.4 166.3 16.2 155.3

2005 135.9 0.4 0.4 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.9 116.5 15.5 1.1 144.2 13.5 12.8 95.2 85.4 40.7 40.7 -0.1 -5.2 276.4 14.3 13.8 93.2 87.0 41.0 41.0 116.5 15.4 -5.2 1.1 261.7 177.4 14.7 162.8

2010 134.8 0.2 0.2 1.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 110.5 20.6 1.2 132.2 12.2 11.3 83.0 65.2 39.6 39.6 0.2 -2.6 267.1 12.1 11.2 82.7 66.4 42.5 42.5 110.5 20.8 -2.6 1.2 255.0 171.2 12.2 158.4

2011 135.3 0.1 0.1 1.7 0.9 0.5 0.5 114.1 17.8 1.2 126.6 10.1 9.2 82.7 64.9 38.3 38.3 0.4 -4.9 257.8 10.2 9.4 82.0 66.3 37.0 37.0 114.1 18.1 -4.9 1.2 245.5 161.1 12.3 147.2

2012 134.0 0.2 0.2 1.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 109.7 20.8 1.3 125.3 10.9 10.2 81.0 57.4 36.9 36.9 0.3 -3.8 258.4 11.5 10.9 80.4 57.8 38.2 38.2 109.7 21.1 -3.8 1.3 246.4 163.9 12.0 150.8

6.5 69.8 27.3 9.7 0.0 0.1 29.5 0.6 0.1

5.8 73.2 30.9 8.8 0.0 0.1 33.1 3.2 0.2

5.2 73.7 33.7 9.2 0.0 0.1 36.4 4.2 0.2

4.5 66.8 32.4 12.6 0.1 0.1 38.2 3.5 0.2

4.3 65.4 26.9 11.2 0.1 0.1 35.9 3.2 0.1

4.1 65.4 29.5 11.7 0.1 0.0 37.3 2.5 0.1

36.2 45.9 35.8 20.6 4.1 1.0

37.3 50.6 45.3 13.6 4.3 4.1

35.7 50.5 43.3 20.8 4.6 7.9

31.0 49.7 43.8 23.3 4.4 6.3

30.8 49.8 38.2 21.6 4.4 2.4

29.6 50.3 42.1 22.5 4.5 1.8

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 107.6 23.9 58.5 25.0 0.0 0.0

2000 114.7 26.1 63.2 25.1 0.1 0.0

2005 115.8 26.4 63.3 25.1 0.7 0.0

2010 124.6 28.8 63.1 25.3 6.0 1.0

0.2

494.1 24.2 7.7 6.2 377.2 78.5 0.4

540.7 27.0 7.2 15.4 415.2 75.0 1.1

576.2 27.5 7.9 26.3 451.5 61.3 1.6

569.2 23.4 5.6 26.7 428.5 82.9 2.1

2011 127.3 27.8 63.1 25.3 6.7 2.8 0.0 0.2 1.3 560.3 15.1 2.3 29.0 442.4 69.5 2.1

6.6 23.2 4.0 % 209.2

4.6 15.7 2.8 % 173.9

2012 129.2 27.8 63.1 25.4 7.5 4.0 0.0 0.2 1.3 564.3 18.9 4.3 24.5 425.4 88.2 2.2

44 879 49 276 49 027 46 141 46 262 46 361 16 711 14 655 11 465 7 865 7 421 7 628 23 352 28 172 31 003 31 758 31 972 32 030 154 325 390 2 388 2 404 2 694 24 58 70 399 396 414 130 266 320 1 989 2 008 2 280 174 162 161 151 143 143 4 071 4 242 4 390 4 123 3 960 3 949 5 773 6 338 6 715 6 855 6 413 6 634 163 152 152 144 136 136 48.0 % 51.5 % 51.7 % 49.1 % 48.7 % 48.1 % 56.8 % 86.4 % 94.5 % 101.0 % 98.9 % 95.1 % 58.0 % 87.3 % 92.9 % 100.6 % 98.8 % 93.5 % 96.9 % 99.5 % 99.4 % 97.6 % 97.9 % 97.9 % 95.8 % 98.5 % 98.2 % 98.2 % 97.9 % 99.2 % 93.0 % 100.0 % 99.3 % 93.0 % 103.3 % 96.6 % 12.7 % 16.0 % 14.9 % 6.2 %

11.3 % 16.1 % 16.4 % 0.5 %

13.4 % 16.9 % 16.6 % 7.1 %

413 571

435 584

446 583

410 541

385 515

387 514

6 956 1 708 298

7 169 1 690 274

7 084 1 614 260

6 327 1 534 231

5 906 1 491 213

5 920 1 499 214

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

196

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.11. Croatia

Croatia

Croatia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

197

EU Energy in Figures

1995 4.2 0.0 0.0 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6

2000 3.6

2005 3.8

2010 4.2

2011 3.8

2012 3.6

1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

1.0 1.0 1.9 1.9

0.8 0.8 2.2 2.2

0.8 0.7 2.0 2.0

0.8 0.6 1.6 1.6

0.7 2.9 0.1 0.1 2.2 4.0 0.2 0.2

0.9 0.0 4.2 0.5 0.4 2.4 3.9 0.9 0.9

0.9 0.0 5.2 0.6 0.6 3.6 4.1 0.6 0.6

0.3 7.1 0.2 0.1 4.0 5.8 1.9 1.9

0.3 7.8 0.4 0.4 4.0 5.5 2.2 2.2

0.4 8.9 0.7 0.6 4.5 5.1 2.4 2.4

1.2 0.0 4.5 0.7 0.7 3.0 3.6 0.5 0.5 -0.1 0.4 8.6 0.7 0.6 3.7 4.3 2.6 2.6

1.1 0.0 4.7 0.7 0.6 3.0 2.9 0.5 0.5 -0.2 0.7 8.5 0.7 0.7 3.7 3.4 2.6 2.6

1.2 0.0 4.4 0.6 0.5 2.4 2.4 0.9 0.9 -0.2 0.7 8.1 0.6 0.6 3.4 3.2 2.4 2.4

0.7 0.3 6.3 5.3 0.8 4.5

0.9 0.3 0.0 7.1 6.1 0.7 5.4

0.9 0.4 0.0 8.2 7.1 0.7 6.3

1.1 0.4 0.0 8.0 6.9 0.6 6.3

0.9 0.7 0.0 7.9 6.8 0.6 6.2

1.0 0.7 0.0 7.6 6.4 0.5 5.9

0.1 2.1 0.9 0.3

0.1 2.7 1.0 0.4

0.1 3.1 1.2 0.4

0.9 0.2

1.0 0.2 0.0

1.2 0.3 0.0

0.2 2.9 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.2 0.0

0.1 2.8 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.2 0.0

0.1 2.7 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.0

1.3 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.2

1.4 1.5 1.7 0.5 0.3

1.6 1.9 1.9 0.7 0.2

1.4 2.1 1.9 0.8 0.2

1.3 2.0 1.9 0.8 0.2

1.1 2.0 1.8 0.7 0.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 2.1

2000 2.1

2005 3.9 1.8

2010 4.1 1.9

2011 4.2 1.9

2012 4.2 1.9

2.1

2.1 0.0

2.1 0.1

2.1 0.2 0.0

8.9 0.2 2.5 0.9

10.7 1.6 1.7 1.6

12.5 2.3 1.9 1.8

14.1 2.4 0.6 2.6

10.8 2.6 0.8 2.6

10.6 2.2 0.6 2.5

5.3

5.9

6.5

8.6

4.9

5.2

0.7 2.0 14.3 % 14.9

0.7 2.2 20.4 % 14.9

2 042 678 1 186 3

2 010 662 1 167 4 1 3

1 186 594 477

1 526 815 623

1 900 739 1 038

1 947 616 1 148 37 1 36

289 270 248 232 232 225 1 534 1 751 2 011 1 937 1 964 1 902 2 147 2 648 3 245 3 590 3 622 3 596 255 247 228 216 216 210 40.6 % 53.0 % 58.5 % 52.1 % 54.4 % 53.6 % 85.9 % 111.0 % 91.3 % 102.5 % 98.4 % 87.9 % 74.6 % 112.8 % 90.6 % 102.6 % 98.5 % 87.3 % 55.6 % 61.1 % 79.4 % 80.4 % 79.9 % 71.4 % 69.2 % 72.1 % 78.9 % 82.2 % 83.8 % 74.3 % 11.6 % 41.0 % 23.7 % 18.1 % 19.5 % 37.0 % 14.3 % 13.0 % 34.2 % 0.5 %

15.4 % 15.6 % 34.2 % 0.4 %

16.8 % 18.3 % 35.5 % 0.4 %

18 24

20 27

24 31

22 29

21 29

19 27

3 788 2 469 714

4 549 2 598 702

5 358 2 665 661

4 886 2 522 586

4 891 2 491 578

4 566 2 401 540

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

198

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.12. Italy

Italy

Italy Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

199

EU Energy in Figures

1995 29.8 0.0

2000 28.5 0.0 5.0 4.6 13.6 13.6

2005 27.8 0.1 0.1 6.4 6.2 9.9 9.9

2010 29.6 0.1 0.1 5.7 5.1 6.9 6.9

2011 31.2 0.1 0.1 5.7 5.4 6.9 6.9

2012 32.0 0.1 0.1 5.7 5.5 7.0 7.0

5.6 5.3 16.6 16.3 7.5 0.2 134.5 13.0 12.6 89.5 73.7 28.5 28.5 0.2 3.2 161.8 12.3 11.9 93.5 79.4 44.9 44.7

9.6 0.3 152.1 13.1 12.9 87.6 83.3 47.0 47.0 0.5 3.8 174.2 12.6 12.2 89.5 87.5 57.9 57.9

10.8 0.7 160.2 16.4 15.9 79.2 89.1 59.8 59.8 0.7 4.2 187.5 16.5 16.0 84.0 94.8 70.7 70.7

15.9 1.0 149.8 14.3 14.5 67.8 79.3 61.6 61.6 2.3 3.8 174.8 14.2 14.3 69.6 83.9 68.1 68.1

17.4 1.1 142.8 15.3 15.5 63.5 72.9 57.5 57.5 2.5 3.9 172.0 15.9 16.1 67.3 79.4 63.8 63.8

18.1 1.1 133.8 15.8 15.9 56.2 69.1 55.4 55.4 2.8 3.7 163.2 16.3 16.5 59.9 74.9 61.4 61.4

7.7 3.2 0.2 152.0 124.9 9.7 114.6

10.1 3.8 0.3 165.8 133.7 8.4 124.7

11.5 4.2 0.7 178.9 142.6 8.6 134.5

18.1 3.8 1.0 165.2 133.5 9.6 124.8

20.0 3.9 1.1 162.8 130.2 9.2 122.1

20.8 3.7 1.1 155.3 124.3 7.9 119.0

3.9 54.1 34.7 1.1 0.0 0.2 20.5

3.6 57.8 38.0 1.5 0.0 0.2 23.5

0.1

4.0 59.0 40.6 1.7 0.0 0.2 25.9 3.1 0.1

2.9 48.7 38.5 5.1 0.1 0.1 25.7 3.3 0.2

3.4 48.3 35.5 5.2 0.1 0.1 26.0 3.2 0.2

3.4 45.2 35.7 5.3 0.2 0.1 25.5 3.4 0.2

36.0 38.6 26.3 9.8 3.3 0.6

39.7 42.5 27.6 11.5 3.2 0.2

39.9 44.8 31.3 15.1 3.3 0.2

31.3 41.7 31.7 17.0 2.9 0.2

30.1 41.8 31.3 15.8 2.9 0.1

29.3 39.4 31.3 15.9 2.8 0.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 65.9 45.5

2000 75.5 54.0

2005 85.5 61.9

2010 106.5 74.7

2011 118.4 76.0

2012 124.2 76.8

19.8 0.0 0.0 0.5

20.3 0.4 0.0 0.6

21.0 1.6 0.0 0.7

21.5 5.8 3.5 0.7

21.7 6.9 12.8 0.7

21.9 8.1 16.4 0.7

0.1 241.5 24.1 120.8 50.4

0.2 276.6 26.3 85.9 105.6

0.2 303.7 43.6 47.1 155.1

0.3 302.1 39.7 21.7 157.4

0.3 302.6 44.7 19.9 150.0

0.3 299.3 49.1 18.9 134.0

45.6 0.2

57.6 0.5

55.3 1.5

80.3 2.1

84.9 2.3

94.2 2.3

5.9 27.4 9.0 % 193.1

7.4 34.7 11.5 % 202.5

7.3 34.7 11.5 % 202.5

37 665 41 461 43 427 38 702 38 640 36 271 18 279 17 556 14 175 10 276 9 908 8 770 15 238 18 415 23 793 22 703 22 914 21 910 177 1 419 1 401 1 368 122 114 105 177 1 297 1 287 1 263 130 127 131 123 121 117 2 846 3 060 3 199 2 889 2 832 2 680 4 192 4 794 5 134 4 949 4 971 4 872 122 121 125 116 114 112 81.9 % 86.5 % 84.5 % 84.3 % 81.8 % 80.8 % 105.9 % 104.6 % 99.4 % 100.9 % 96.1 % 96.7 % 105.6 % 105.7 % 99.7 % 101.5 % 96.0 % 96.8 % 93.3 % 96.1 % 91.8 % 93.5 % 91.0 % 90.1 % 92.8 % 95.1 % 94.0 % 94.5 % 91.8 % 92.3 % 63.9 % 81.1 % 84.7 % 90.5 % 90.2 % 90.2 % 10.6 % 10.7 % 20.2 % 4.6 %

12.3 % 12.5 % 23.7 % 4.7 %

13.5 % 12.8 % 27.6 % 5.8 %

455 540

474 564

504 590

441 516

430 504

402 475

7 998 2 811 365

8 333 2 723 347

8 601 2 689 351

7 298 2 526 311

7 086 2 502 302

6 594 2 461 289

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

200

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.13. Cyprus

Cyprus

Cyprus Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

201

EU Energy in Figures

1995 0.0

2000 0.0

2005 0.1

2010 0.1

2011 0.1

2012 0.1

0.0

0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 2.8

0.1 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 2.9

0.1 0.0 2.7 0.0

0.1 2.6 0.0

2.6

0.0

2.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.8

2.6 0.0 0.0 2.5 1.2

0.0

2.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.8

2.4 0.0 0.0 2.3 1.2

2.5 0.0 0.0 2.4

2.7 0.0 0.0 2.6

2.5 0.0

0.0

0.1

1.9 1.5 0.1 1.4

2.3 1.7 0.1 1.6

0.0 2.5 1.8 0.1 1.8

0.0 2.6 2.0 0.1 1.9

0.0 2.6 1.9 0.1 1.9

2.5 1.8 0.0 1.8

0.0 1.2

0.0 1.3

0.0 1.4

0.0 1.3

0.0 0.0

0.2

0.3

0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0

0.0

0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

0.3 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

0.2 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

0.4 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

0.4 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

2.4

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Installed Capacity (GW) 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.7 Combustible Fuels 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.6 Nuclear Hydro Wind 0.1 0.1 0.1 Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.5 3.4 4.4 5.3 4.9 4.7 Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products 2.5 3.4 4.4 5.2 4.8 4.5 Gases Nuclear Renewables 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 0.3 % 1.0 % 0.9 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 0.1 0.1 0.2 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products 755 855 978 1 033 1 036 954 Motor Gasoline 196 221 325 418 413 399 Gas/Diesel Oil 292 359 355 337 321 284 Final Consumption Biofuels 15 16 16 Biogasoline Biodiesel 15 16 16 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 203 207 187 178 174 167 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 003 3 460 3 438 3 289 3 148 2 904 Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 3 416 4 317 5 362 5 886 5 548 5 103 Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 196 200 181 173 170 164 Import Dependency (%) 100.4 % 98.6 % 100.3 % 100.9 % 92.5 % 97.0 % on Solid Fuels 100.0 % 99.9 % 93.7 % 85.1 % 3.5 % 100.0 % on Hard Coal 100.0 % 99.9 % 93.7 % 84.9 % on Petroleum Fuels 102.6 % 100.3 % 102.3 % 104.2 % 95.8 % 101.0 % on Crude and NGL 96.3 % 98.5 % on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 6.0 % 6.0 % 6.8 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 18.3 % 19.3 % 21.2 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 1.4 % 3.4 % 4.9 % RE-T – Transport 2.0 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions 7 8 10 9 9 9 GHGs Emissions 9 10 12 11 11 11 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 10 430 12 188 13 070 11 134 10 677 9 842 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 473 3 522 3 802 3 385 3 392 3 389 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 704 729 710 603 590 566 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

202

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.14. Latvia

Latvia

Latvia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

203

EU Energy in Figures

1995 1.4 0.1

2000 1.5 0.0

2005 1.9 0.0

2010 2.1 0.0

2011 2.1 0.0

2012 2.3 0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

1.4

2.1 0.0 2.2 0.1 0.1 1.7

2.1 0.0 2.7 0.1 0.1 1.6

2.3 0.0 2.7 0.1 0.1 1.6

3.4 0.2 0.2 2.1

2.4 0.1 0.1 1.2

1.9 0.0 3.1 0.1 0.1 1.8

1.0 1.0 -0.1 0.2 4.6 0.3 0.2 1.9

1.1 1.1 -0.2 0.2 3.9 0.1 0.1 1.3

1.4 1.4 -0.4 0.2 4.6 0.1 0.1 1.5

0.9 0.9 -0.6 0.1 4.8 0.1 0.1 1.5

1.4 1.4 -0.6 0.1 4.4 0.1 0.1 1.4

1.4 1.4 -0.6 0.1 4.5 0.1 0.1 1.4

1.0 1.0

1.1 1.1

1.4 1.4

1.5 1.5

1.3 1.3

1.2 1.2

1.3 0.2

1.2 0.2

4.6 3.9 0.0 3.8

3.8 3.3 0.1 3.3

1.5 0.2 0.0 4.5 4.1 0.1 4.0

1.6 0.1 0.0 4.7 4.3 0.1 4.3

1.4 0.1 0.1 4.3 3.9 0.1 3.9

1.7 0.1 0.1 4.4 4.1 0.1 4.0

0.1 1.2 0.4 0.9

0.1 1.1 0.3 0.8

0.1 1.3 0.5 1.0

0.1 1.4 0.5 1.1

0.1 1.3 0.4 1.0

0.1 1.3 0.4 1.1

0.4 0.9

0.4 0.6

0.5 0.6 0.0

0.5 0.5 0.1

0.6 0.5 0.1

0.7 0.7 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.0

0.6 0.7 1.3 0.5 0.1

0.7 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.0

0.8 1.2 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.0

0.7 1.1 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.0

0.8 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 2.1 0.6

2000 2.1 0.6

2005 2.2 0.6

2010 2.6 1.0

2011 2.6 1.0

2012 2.7 1.0

1.5 0.0

1.6 0.0

1.6 0.1

4.0 0.1 0.4 0.5

4.1 0.1 0.1 1.1

4.9 0.0 1.5

6.6 0.0 0.0 3.0

6.1 0.0 0.0 3.0

0.0 6.2 0.0 0.0 2.1

2.9

2.8

3.4

3.6

3.1

4.1

0.6 1.5 30.7 % 11.9

0.9 3.0 45.0 % 10.4

0.9 2.9 47.4 % 9.3

1 050 352 613 3

1 163 294 728 27 8 19

1 047 273 628 25 8 17

699 430 242

734 347 340

1 018 232 621 22 6 15

692 443 355 382 333 329 1 860 1 632 2 051 2 272 2 126 2 231 1 797 1 891 2 559 2 963 3 007 3 367 686 435 348 377 326 321 70.4 % 61.0 % 63.9 % 44.3 % 59.9 % 56.4 % 61.4 % 46.1 % 94.3 % 102.8 % 100.3 % 95.1 % 92.9 % 82.5 % 96.7 % 106.6 % 102.3 % 99.3 % 102.6 % 94.8 % 102.2 % 94.4 % 101.8 % 101.7 % 99.0 % 101.9 % 105.6 %

61.8 % 109.4 % 113.8 % 32.5 % 43.8 % 42.1 % 3.3 %

33.5 % 44.7 % 44.7 % 3.5 %

35.8 % 47.3 % 44.9 % 3.3 %

10 13

7 10

9 12

10 13

9 12

3 859 2 074 1 436

2 988 1 831 812

3 908 1 905 677

4 604 2 026 775

4 269 2 008 670

4 209 1 886 620

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

204

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.15. Lithuania

Lithuania

Lithuania Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

205

EU Energy in Figures

1995 3.8 0.0

2000 3.3 0.0

2005 4.0 0.0

2010 1.3 0.0

2011 1.3 0.0

2012 1.3 0.0

0.2 0.1

0.4 0.3

0.3 0.2

0.1 0.1

3.1 0.5

2.2 0.7

2.7 0.9

1.2

5.5 0.2 0.2 3.6 3.1 2.0 2.0 0.0 -0.2 8.6 0.2 0.2 3.0 3.1 2.0 2.0 3.1 0.5 -0.2

4.2 0.1 0.1 2.2 4.6 2.1 2.1 0.0 -0.1 7.1 0.1 0.1 2.1 4.8 2.1 2.1 2.2 0.7 -0.1

5.0 0.2 0.2 2.6 8.9 2.5 2.5 0.0 -0.3 8.7 0.2 0.2 2.7 9.3 2.5 2.5 2.7 0.9 -0.3

5.7 0.2 0.2 2.6 9.0 2.5 2.5 -0.1 0.5 6.8 0.2 0.2 2.5 9.1 2.5 2.5

5.8 0.3 0.2 2.3 9.0 2.7 2.7 -0.1 0.6 7.0 0.2 0.2 2.4 9.2 2.7 2.7

5.8 0.2 0.2 2.4 8.6 2.7 2.7 -0.1 0.6 7.1 0.2 0.2 2.5 8.7 2.7 2.7

1.1 0.5

1.1 0.6

1.2 0.6

8.1 5.1 0.5 4.6

6.4 4.3 0.7 3.8

7.9 5.4 0.8 4.6

6.1 5.5 0.7 4.8

5.8 5.9 1.2 4.7

5.9 6.1 1.2 4.8

0.2 1.7 0.5 0.4

0.1 1.4 0.4 0.6

0.2 1.6 0.5 0.7

0.2 1.6 0.6 0.7

0.2 1.6 0.5 0.7

0.2 1.6 0.5 0.8

0.5 1.2

0.5 0.8

0.7 0.9

0.8 0.9

1.0 1.0 1.6 0.7 0.2

0.8 1.1 1.4 0.5 0.1

1.0 1.4 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.0

0.9 1.5 1.6 0.6 0.1 0.0

0.9 1.5 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.0

1.0 1.6 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 5.9 2.5 2.7 0.7

2000 5.7 2.5 2.4 0.9

2005 4.6 2.5 1.2 0.9 0.0

2010 3.6 2.5

2011 3.7 2.6

2012 4.2 3.1

0.9 0.1

0.9 0.2

0.9 0.3 0.0

0.0 13.9

0.0 11.4

0.0 14.8

0.0 5.7

0.0 4.8

0.0 5.0

1.1 0.2 11.8 0.8

0.7 1.6 8.4 0.6

0.4 3.0 10.3 0.8

0.6 3.2

0.2 2.7

0.2 2.9

1.7

1.0 2.3 15.5 % 19.9

1.1 2.0 34.6 % 19.3

1.2 1.8 37.5 % 15.8

1 405 351 779 3 1 3

1 469 296 951 45 10 34

1 467 258 991 45 10 35

1 031 618 346

753 2 380 1 751 705 63.1 % 63.9 % 69.1 % 114.5 % 99.5 % 100.0 %

1 050 390 513

1 473 231 1 026 61 8 52

490 415 307 299 292 2 018 2 621 2 189 2 312 2 371 1 771 2 401 2 690 2 833 2 986 444 377 274 246 241 59.4 % 56.8 % 81.8 % 81.6 % 80.3 % 87.4 % 93.9 % 91.3 % 104.9 % 89.2 % 100.0 % 102.5 % 95.4 % 111.5 % 95.6 % 100.3 % 91.9 % 98.7 % 91.4 % 93.0 % 94.5 % 95.3 % 99.0 % 98.3 % 98.8 % 100.0 % 100.6 % 99.7 % 100.3 % 100.1 % 19.8 % 33.2 % 7.4 % 3.6 %

20.2 % 33.7 % 9.0 % 3.7 %

21.7 % 35.5 % 10.9 % 4.8 %

16 23

12 20

15 24

14 22

15 22

4 307 1 809 1 362

3 485 1 727 846

4 388 1 674 695

4 611 2 107 646

4 838 2 093 625

4 939 2 083 607

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

206

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.16. Luxembourg

Luxembourg

Luxembourg Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

207

1995 0.0

2000 0.1

2005 0.1

2010 0.1

2011 0.1

2012 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 3.2 0.5 0.1 1.8

0.0 0.0 3.6 0.1 0.1 2.4

0.1 0.0 4.7 0.1 0.1 3.1

0.1 0.0 4.5 0.1 0.1 2.8

0.1 0.0 4.4 0.1 0.1 2.9

0.1 0.0 4.3 0.1 0.0 2.8

0.6 0.6 0.4 3.3 0.5 0.1 1.8

0.7 0.7 0.0 0.5 3.6 0.1 0.1 2.3

1.2 1.2 0.0 0.3 4.8 0.1 0.1 3.2

1.2 1.2 0.0 0.3 4.6 0.1 0.1 2.9

1.0 1.0 0.0 0.4 4.6 0.1 0.1 2.9

1.1 1.1 0.0 0.4 4.5 0.1 0.0 2.8

0.6 0.6

0.7 0.7

1.2 1.2

1.0 1.0

1.1 1.1

0.0 0.4 0.0 3.3 3.2 0.0 3.1

0.0 0.5 0.0 3.6 3.5 0.0 3.5

0.1 0.3 0.0 4.8 4.5 0.0 4.5

0.1 0.3 0.0 4.6 4.4 0.0 4.3

0.1 0.4 0.0 4.5 4.3 0.0 4.3

0.1 0.4 0.0 4.4 4.2 0.0 4.2

0.3 1.7 0.6 0.0

0.1 2.3 0.6 0.0

0.1 3.1 0.6 0.0 0.0

0.1 2.8 0.7 0.1 0.0

0.1 2.9 0.6 0.1 0.0

0.1 2.8 0.6 0.1 0.0

0.4

0.5 0.0 0.0

0.5 0.1 0.0

0.6 0.1 0.0

0.5 0.1 0.0

1.2 1.3 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.7 1.9 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.0

0.8 2.8 0.5 0.4 0.0

0.7 2.6 0.5 0.4 0.0

0.7 2.7 0.5 0.4 0.0

0.6 2.6 0.4 0.5 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 1.3 0.1

2000 1.2 0.1

2005 1.7 0.5

2010 1.7 0.5

2011 1.7 0.5

2012 1.8 0.5

1.1

1.1 0.0

1.1 0.0 0.0

1.1 0.1 0.1

1.2

4.1

4.6

3.7

3.8

0.0 0.3

0.2

0.0 3.1

0.0 2.9

0.0 2.3

0.0 2.4

0.9 0.0

1.0 0.0

1.6 0.0

1.3 0.1

1.4 0.1

0.1 0.4 10.1 % 1.2

0.1 0.4 9.6 % 3.2

0.1 0.4 12.1 % 3.1

1 291 529 569

1 909 595 990

2 772 514 1 823 1

2 552 360 1 760 42 1 41

2 654 368 1 881 46 6 39

2 519 359 1 786 49 1 47

176 8 117 12 200 174 97.7 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 98.3 %

143 8 328 13 215 142 99.6 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 102.1 %

158 10 298 13 206 158 97.3 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.4 %

142 9 137 13 015 141 97.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.4 %

137 8 779 12 570 136 97.2 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.6 %

134 8 381 11 787 133 97.4 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.5 %

100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %

99.9 %

99.7 %

2.9 % 4.8 % 3.8 % 2.0 %

2.9 % 4.8 % 4.1 % 2.1 %

3.1 % 5.0 % 4.6 % 2.2 %

13 14

12 13

10 11

13 14

23 875 22 289 28 781 24 711 23 792 22 548 2 942 2 677 2 795 2 705 2 710 2 691 518 384 443 383 371 360

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

208

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.17. Hungary

Hungary

Hungary Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

209

EU Energy in Figures

1995 13.9 3.3

2000 11.6 2.9

2005 10.4 1.7

2010 11.1 1.6

2011 10.8 1.6

2012 10.6 1.6

2.3 2.3 3.8 3.8 3.6 0.9 0.0 12.5 1.4 1.2 5.4 5.9 5.5 5.5

1.7 1.7 2.5 2.5 3.7 0.8 0.0 14.0 1.1 1.1 5.3 5.9 7.3 7.3

1.5 1.4 2.3 2.3 3.6 1.2 0.1 17.4 1.3 1.3 5.8 5.9 9.8 9.8

0.2 26.2 4.6 1.2 7.7 8.2 9.2 9.2 3.6 0.9 0.2 0.0 24.5 18.2 1.6 16.2

0.3 25.3 3.9 1.1 7.0 7.5 9.7 9.7 3.7 0.8 0.3 0.0 23.7 17.7 1.6 16.1

0.5 27.6 3.0 1.2 7.1 7.3 12.1 12.1 3.6 1.2 0.5 0.1 25.4 20.4 2.2 18.2

1.1 1.1 2.2 2.2 4.1 1.9 0.1 15.0 1.1 1.4 5.6 5.7 7.7 7.7 0.0 0.4 25.8 2.7 1.4 6.7 6.6 9.8 9.8 4.1 2.0 0.4 0.1 23.8 18.6 2.0 16.6

1.0 0.9 2.1 2.1 4.1 1.9 0.1 13.0 1.0 1.3 5.2 5.8 6.1 6.1 0.0 0.6 25.1 2.8 1.4 6.4 6.8 9.4 9.4 4.1 1.9 0.6 0.1 23.1 18.1 2.0 16.2

1.1 0.9 1.8 1.8 4.1 2.0 0.1 12.3 1.0 1.3 4.8 5.4 6.1 6.1 -0.2 0.7 23.6 2.7 1.3 5.9 6.4 8.3 8.3 4.1 1.8 0.7 0.1 21.7 16.9 1.9 14.8

1.2 4.2 6.4 0.7

0.7 4.2 6.5 0.7

0.1 2.4 1.3

0.1 2.5 1.4

0.7 4.9 7.9 0.6 0.0 0.1 2.8 1.3 0.0

0.5 4.6 6.3 1.1 0.0 0.1 2.9 1.1 0.0

0.5 4.4 6.0 1.1 0.0 0.1 3.0 1.0 0.0

0.5 4.1 5.2 1.1 0.0 0.1 2.8 1.0 0.0

3.8 2.7 6.3 2.6 0.7 0.1

3.5 3.3 5.6 3.0 0.7 0.0

3.4 4.3 6.5 3.5 0.6

2.9 4.3 5.7 3.1 0.5

2.8 4.2 5.5 3.1 0.5

2.6 4.0 5.1 2.8 0.4

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 7.4 5.5 1.8 0.0

2000 8.3 6.4 1.9 0.0

2005 8.6 6.7 1.9 0.0 0.0

2010 9.0 6.6 2.0 0.1 0.3 0.0

2011 9.7 7.3 2.0 0.1 0.3 0.0

2012 9.4 7.0 2.0 0.1 0.3 0.0

34.0 9.1 5.3 5.4 14.0 0.2 0.0

35.2 9.6 4.4 6.7 14.2 0.2 0.1

35.8 7.0 0.5 12.5 13.8 1.9 0.1

37.4 6.2 0.5 11.7 15.8 3.0 0.2

36.0 6.5 0.1 10.8 15.7 2.7 0.1

34.6 6.3 0.2 9.5 15.8 2.6 0.1

2.1 6.8 19.1 % 47.4

1.9 7.3 19.6 % 42.2

1.8 6.0 16.6 % 35.1

4 208 1 589 2 323 3 3

4 070 1 381 2 430 175 57 118

3 954 1 264 2 426 166 48 117

2 609 1 530 897

3 220 1 433 1 553

3 718 1 283 2 244 155 52 103

418 350 311 294 282 269 2 535 2 478 2 737 2 581 2 518 2 374 2 686 2 883 3 206 3 421 3 464 3 308 392 328 287 272 259 247 47.9 % 55.2 % 63.1 % 58.1 % 51.8 % 52.3 % 29.5 % 28.2 % 42.8 % 41.9 % 37.6 % 36.8 % 103.5 % 99.0 % 105.1 % 99.5 % 95.7 % 97.6 % 71.0 % 76.0 % 81.2 % 84.1 % 82.2 % 80.8 % 71.9 % 78.6 % 81.2 % 85.2 % 85.5 % 84.7 % 60.3 % 75.4 % 81.1 % 78.7 % 65.6 % 72.9 % 8.6 % 11.1 % 7.1 % 4.7 %

9.1 % 12.3 % 6.4 % 5.0 %

9.6 % 13.6 % 6.1 % 4.6 %

62 79

59 77

61 79

52 68

51 67

47 62

5 989 2 363 988

5 753 2 322 812

6 020 2 199 684

5 235 2 028 597

5 069 2 013 567

4 694 1 977 531

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

210

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.18. Malta

Malta

Malta Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

211

EU Energy in Figures

1995 0.0

2000 0.0

2005 0.0

2010 0.0

2011 0.0

2012 0.0

0.0

0.8

1.5

1.6

2.4

2.3

2.0

0.8

1.5

1.6

2.4

2.3

2.0

0.0

0.8

1.0

0.9

0.8

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.0

0.8 0.4

0.5

0.4

1.0 0.4 0.0 0.4

0.9 0.5 0.0 0.5

0.8 0.5 0.0 0.5

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.0

0.0 0.0

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2 0.0

0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0

0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1

0.0

0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Installed Capacity (GW) 0.6 0.6 0.6 Combustible Fuels 0.6 0.6 0.6 Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV 0.0 0.0 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 Solid Fuels 0.1 Petroleum and Products 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 Gases Nuclear Renewables 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products 308 277 199 281 282 272 Motor Gasoline 129 76 73 78 78 77 Gas/Diesel Oil 106 78 38 101 98 94 Final Consumption Biofuels 1 2 Biogasoline Biodiesel 1 2 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 204 173 197 172 163 148 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 1 999 2 057 2 408 2 300 2 207 1 996 Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 3 333 4 018 4 849 3 875 4 358 4 447 Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 204 173 193 171 162 146 Import Dependency (%) 104.7 % 100.2 % 99.9 % 99.1 % 100.7 % 100.5 % on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels 104.8 % 100.3 % 100.0 % 99.2 % 100.8 % 100.8 % on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 0.4 % 0.7 % 1.4 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 4.3 % 7.8 % 13.0 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 0.1 % 0.6 % 1.1 % RE-T – Transport 1.0 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 3 4 7 6 7 7 GHGs Emissions 3 4 7 7 8 7 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8 039 10 065 16 702 15 158 17 407 16 238 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 4 022 4 894 6 935 6 591 7 887 8 137 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 820 848 1 368 1 136 1 289 1 204 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

212

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.19. Netherlands

Netherlands

Netherlands Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

213

1995 66.7 0.0

2000 57.6 0.0

2005 62.2 0.0

2010 74.5 0.0

2011 68.3 0.0

2012 69.3 0.0

3.6 3.6 60.9 60.9 1.0 0.9 0.3 14.9 8.8 9.0 31.5 59.5 -26.4 -26.4 0.0 1.0 72.7 9.0 9.2 26.0 63.5 34.5 34.5 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.3 63.4 57.3 9.2 48.0

2.4 2.4 52.2 52.2 1.0 1.3 0.6 33.8 8.0 8.0 41.4 61.0 -17.2 -17.2 -0.1 1.6 75.6 7.9 7.8 28.2 62.5 35.0 35.0 1.0 1.2 1.6 0.6 65.1 61.0 10.5 50.5

2.3 2.3 56.3 56.3 1.0 1.9 0.7 37.1 8.3 8.2 47.8 61.7 -20.9 -20.9 0.3 1.6 81.5 8.2 8.2 32.5 63.8 35.3 35.3 1.0 2.2 1.6 0.7 68.5 64.8 13.0 51.7

6.3 1.4 63.5 63.5 1.0 2.9 0.7 30.5 9.2 9.1 45.2 60.9 -24.2 -24.2 0.1 0.2 86.6 7.6 7.4 34.6 62.3 39.3 39.3 1.0 3.1 0.2 0.7 71.1 70.4 15.5 53.9

5.6 1.5 57.9 57.9 1.1 3.1 0.7 28.2 7.5 7.4 43.2 57.0 -23.5 -23.5 0.3 0.8 80.2 7.5 7.3 32.5 59.4 34.3 34.3 1.1 3.3 0.8 0.8 66.3 64.6 13.9 50.7

6.2 1.5 57.7 57.7 1.0 3.8 0.7 29.2 6.9 6.7 45.7 57.9 -24.6 -24.6 -0.3 1.5 81.8 8.2 7.9 33.9 59.6 33.0 33.0 1.0 3.5 1.5 0.7 67.1 66.4 14.7 51.1

1.5 14.1 23.0 0.4 0.0

1.3 16.5 21.0 0.3 0.0

1.5 17.4 20.3 0.4 0.0

7.1 1.9

8.4 2.9

9.0 3.0

1.3 18.2 22.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 9.2 2.1

1.4 18.3 18.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 9.2 2.1

1.5 17.9 19.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 9.2 1.9

14.0 12.4 10.9 7.0 3.7

14.8 14.3 10.3 7.2 3.9

14.8 15.2 10.1 8.0 3.5

14.3 15.0 11.5 9.8 3.3

14.2 15.2 9.8 8.3 3.2

13.9 14.8 10.3 8.7 3.5

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 19.0 18.2 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0

2000 21.1 20.1 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0

2005 21.8 20.0 0.4 0.0 1.2 0.1

2010 26.7 23.7 0.5 0.0 2.2 0.1

2011 28.0 25.0 0.5 0.0 2.3 0.1

2012 29.9 26.5 0.5 0.0 2.4 0.4

0.0 80.9 27.4 2.8 44.4 4.0 1.4 0.6

0.0 89.6 24.3 2.6 54.4 3.9 3.0 1.2

0.1 100.2 23.5 2.3 61.3 4.0 7.4 1.4

0.1 118.1 22.6 1.3 77.4 4.0 11.2 1.6

0.1 113.0 21.4 1.5 71.8 4.1 12.3 1.7

0.1 102.5 24.2 1.1 58.8 3.9 12.5 1.8

7.2 29.5 29.4 % 220.3

9.3 39.2 33.2 % 233.6

9.2 36.7 32.5 % 224.0

12 282 14 157 15 059 14 596 14 749 14 294 4 228 4 236 4 306 4 167 4 237 4 151 4 604 5 921 6 651 6 638 6 607 6 379 230 321 335 135 149 124 95 172 210 184 4 700 5 349 161 17.7 % 97.8 % 97.4 % 84.6 % 93.8 % -76.4 %

214 266

157 4 746 6 142 135 38.0 % 101.9 % 101.5 % 99.8 % 97.7 % -49.1 %

222 266

159 4 993 6 405 133 37.7 % 101.4 % 100.3 % 97.1 % 96.7 % -59.3 %

241 275

158 5 214 6 433 129 30.4 % 121.5 % 122.3 % 93.3 % 97.6 % -61.6 %

145 149 4 805 4 882 6 438 6 356 120 123 29.7 % 30.7 % 100.8 % 83.6 % 101.4 % 83.9 % 91.3 % 96.7 % 95.9 % 97.2 % -68.6 % -74.5 %

3.7 % 2.7 % 9.7 % 3.1 %

4.3 % 3.3 % 9.8 % 4.6 %

4.5 % 3.4 % 10.5 % 5.0 %

235 263

227 254

219 245

13 824 13 965 14 764 14 129 13 582 13 062 2 941 2 942 2 957 2 710 2 827 2 676 542 462 469 427 409 400

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

214

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.20. Austria

Austria

Austria Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

215

EU Energy in Figures

1995 8.8 0.3 0.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3

2000 9.8 0.3

2005 10.0 0.0

2010 12.2 0.0

2011 11.6 0.0

2012 12.8 0.0

1.1 1.1 1.5 1.5

1.0 1.0 1.4 1.4

1.1 1.0 1.5 1.5

1.0 0.9 1.5 1.5

1.0 0.9 1.6 1.6

5.8 0.2 18.0 2.6 2.0 10.1 7.6 5.4 5.4 0.0 -0.2 27.1 3.5 2.3 11.3 8.6 6.4 6.4

6.6 0.3 19.0 3.0 2.3 10.9 7.2 5.3 5.3 0.0 -0.1 29.0 3.6 2.6 12.2 8.3 6.5 6.5

7.2 0.4 24.5 4.0 3.0 13.2 7.9 7.2 7.2 0.0 0.2 34.4 4.0 2.8 14.4 8.9 8.2 8.2

8.9 0.7 21.5 3.4 2.5 11.5 6.6 6.1 6.1 0.4 0.2 34.6 3.4 2.5 12.8 7.7 8.2 8.2

8.4 0.7 23.6 3.2 2.3 11.1 7.3 8.0 8.0 0.5 0.7 33.6 3.5 2.6 12.1 8.4 7.8 7.8

9.6 0.7 21.4 3.3 2.5 11.0 7.5 6.4 6.4 0.5 0.2 33.7 3.2 2.4 12.0 8.4 7.4 7.4

5.9 -0.2 0.2 25.7 22.7 1.4 21.4

6.6 -0.1 0.3 27.3 25.4 1.7 23.7

7.1 0.2 0.4 32.6 29.9 1.7 28.2

9.3 0.2 0.7 32.7 30.3 1.9 28.4

8.8 0.7 0.7 31.9 29.2 1.7 27.5

10.1 0.2 0.7 31.8 29.2 1.9 27.3

1.6 8.9 3.8 2.1 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.8 0.1

1.4 9.8 4.5 2.3 0.1 0.0 4.4 1.0 0.1

1.5 12.1 5.1 2.8 0.1 0.0 5.0 1.4 0.3

1.2 10.5 5.2 3.8 0.2 0.0 5.4 1.9 0.3

1.1 10.0 5.2 3.6 0.2 0.0 5.3 1.8 0.3

1.1 9.8 5.0 3.7 0.2 0.0 5.4 1.8 0.3

6.4 5.8 6.3 2.3 0.5

7.3 7.0 6.3 2.5 0.5

8.8 9.1 6.8 2.9 0.5

9.1 8.7 7.0 3.0 0.6

9.3 8.5 6.5 2.7 0.5

9.1 8.4 6.6 2.6 0.6

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 17.4 6.1

2000 17.8 6.1

2005 18.9 6.5

2010 21.2 7.3

2011 22.6 8.2

2012 22.9 8.2

11.3 0.0

11.6 0.1 0.0

11.6 0.8 0.0 0.0

12.7 1.0 0.2 0.0

13.0 1.1 0.3 0.0

13.1 1.3 0.4 0.0

56.2 4.3 2.1 9.8

61.3 5.7 1.7 8.9

66.4 7.2 1.6 14.3

71.1 4.9 1.3 16.1

65.8 5.4 1.0 14.3

72.6 4.4 0.7 11.5

40.0 0.1

44.8 0.1

43.0 0.3

48.2 0.6

44.4 0.6

55.1 0.8

3.3 10.1 15.4 % 95.8

3.2 11.0 15.4 % 110.6

3.7 10.3 15.7 % 96.4

7 791 1 700 5 359 485 68 417

7 604 1 639 5 193 487 66 420

5 460 2 429 2 553 10

6 531 2 016 3 907 16

8 561 2 109 5 744 50

7 518 1 608 5 168 479 68 411

140 128 140 132 125 124 3 406 3 617 4 176 4 138 4 011 3 994 5 877 6 433 7 088 7 445 7 416 7 477 133 121 133 125 119 117 66.4 % 65.4 % 71.3 % 62.2 % 70.1 % 63.6 % 75.7 % 83.9 % 99.3 % 99.9 % 93.1 % 102.6 % 88.3 % 91.6 % 106.9 % 97.5 % 88.8 % 104.0 % 89.3 % 89.1 % 91.4 % 89.3 % 91.2 % 91.5 % 87.6 % 86.9 % 88.5 % 86.1 % 86.8 % 88.7 % 84.8 % 80.6 % 87.7 % 74.4 % 103.2 % 86.3 % 30.8 % 30.7 % 64.9 % 8.6 %

30.8 % 30.9 % 65.0 % 7.6 %

32.1 % 32.8 % 65.5 % 7.7 %

65 81

68 82

81 95

74 87

73 85

70 82

8 216 2 412 338

8 456 2 338 300

9 898 2 370 332

8 906 2 152 284

8 651 2 157 270

8 290 2 076 257

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

216

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.21. Poland

Poland

Poland Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

217

EU Energy in Figures

1995 99.4 91.1 78.2 0.4 0.3 3.2 3.2

2000 79.9 71.3 59.2 1.1 0.6 3.3 3.3

2005 78.9 68.9 56.1 1.1 0.8 3.9 3.9

2010 67.6 55.4 43.8 1.1 0.7 3.7 3.7

2011 68.6 55.8 43.2 0.9 0.6 3.9 3.8

2012 71.9 57.8 45.1 1.1 0.7 3.8 3.8

3.9 0.8 -1.2 -21.2 -18.9 14.5 11.9 5.8 5.8

3.8 0.4 8.8 -16.4 -13.8 19.1 17.4 6.6 6.6

-0.2 98.8 70.3 59.7 15.0 12.3 9.0 9.0

-0.5 89.0 56.3 46.4 19.0 17.5 10.0 10.0

4.5 0.5 15.9 -13.0 -9.7 21.5 17.5 8.5 8.5 -0.1 -1.0 92.5 54.6 45.6 21.7 18.0 12.2 12.2

6.9 0.6 31.6 -2.8 1.8 25.2 22.3 8.9 8.9 0.4 -0.1 100.9 54.6 47.9 25.7 22.7 12.8 12.8

7.4 0.6 33.9 -0.6 4.0 24.8 23.2 9.6 9.6 0.5 -0.5 101.2 54.6 46.8 25.7 23.9 12.8 12.8

8.5 0.6 30.1 -3.5 1.1 23.7 24.2 10.0 10.0 0.2 -0.2 98.0 50.6 42.4 24.8 24.9 13.6 13.6

3.9 -0.2 0.8 95.1 67.3 3.7 62.9

3.8 -0.5 0.4 84.6 59.1 4.4 55.7

4.5 -1.0 0.5 88.0 63.5 4.6 58.3

7.3 -0.1 0.6 96.0 71.9 4.9 66.3

8.0 -0.5 0.6 96.3 71.1 5.0 63.9

8.6 -0.2 0.6 93.3 68.1 4.6 63.6

22.6 11.6 7.8 3.7

13.5 15.5 7.5 3.5

7.7 8.8 0.7

0.0 8.5 6.9 0.4

11.5 17.8 8.7 3.8 0.0 0.0 9.1 7.1 0.3

13.3 20.6 9.5 5.2 0.0 0.0 10.2 7.0 0.6

11.8 20.6 9.1 5.5 0.0 0.0 10.5 5.8 0.6

12.0 19.9 9.2 5.4 0.0 0.0 10.5 6.0 0.6

23.0 8.3 22.7 4.2 4.8 0.0

19.0 9.9 17.2 5.0 4.6 0.0

16.6 12.5 18.3 6.4 4.4

15.3 17.6 21.1 8.5 3.8 0.0

15.0 17.8 19.0 8.4 3.7 0.0

14.9 17.3 19.6 8.2 3.7 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 29.5 27.4

2000 30.6 28.4

2005 32.3 29.8

2010 33.4 29.9

2011 34.6 30.4

2012 35.3 30.4

2.1

2.2 0.0

2.3 0.1

2.3 1.1

2.3 1.8 0.0

2.4 2.6 0.0

139.0 131.8 1.5 1.5

145.2 135.9 1.9 2.7

156.9 142.2 2.8 6.4

157.7 136.6 2.9 6.7

163.5 139.9 2.5 7.6

162.1 134.7 2.0 8.1

3.9 0.3

4.3 0.3

5.4 0.2

11.5 0.1

13.6 0.1

17.3 0.1

8.3 26.3 16.8 % 275.4

8.7 27.7 17.6 % 277.1

8.8 27.1 16.6 % 263.5

7 891 4 610 2 796

9 459 11 911 16 217 16 371 15 942 5 319 4 230 4 234 4 004 3 822 3 396 5 657 9 647 10 097 9 798 49 886 934 823 34 189 179 154 15 698 755 669

613 424 379 328 315 299 2 582 2 326 2 425 2 620 2 627 2 542 2 343 2 578 2 762 3 092 3 164 3 183 590 403 360 312 299 285 -1.2 % 9.8 % 17.2 % 31.2 % 33.4 % 30.7 % -30.2 % -29.1 % -23.9 % -5.2 % -1.1 % -6.9 % -31.7 % -29.9 % -21.3 % 3.7 % 8.6 % 2.5 % 95.9 % 98.7 % 97.5 % 97.0 % 95.9 % 94.7 % 97.1 % 99.1 % 97.3 % 98.4 % 97.2 % 97.1 % 64.6 % 66.3 % 69.7 % 69.3 % 75.1 % 73.8 % 9.3 % 11.9 % 6.6 % 6.3 %

10.4 % 13.4 % 8.2 % 6.5 %

11.0 % 13.7 % 10.7 % 6.1 %

362 442

320 398

320 401

332 410

330 408

323 401

9 463 3 665 2 245

8 376 3 601 1 526

8 394 3 462 1 311

8 615 3 288 1 078

8 556 3 257 1 025

8 381 3 297 985

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

218

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.22. Portugal

Portugal

Portugal Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

219

EU Energy in Figures

1995 3.4

0.1

3.3

2000 3.9

2005 3.6

2010 5.6

2011 5.3

2012 4.6

0.0

3.8 0.1 22.1 3.9 4.0 16.0 11.6 2.0 2.0

3.5 0.1 24.8 3.2 3.2 17.1 13.5 3.9 3.9 0.6 27.5 3.3 3.3 16.2 13.4 3.8 3.8

5.4 0.2 18.6 1.6 1.6 12.4 11.4 4.5 4.5 -0.2 0.2 24.3 1.7 1.7 12.3 11.5 4.5 4.5

5.1 0.2 18.8 2.1 2.1 12.1 10.5 4.5 4.5 -0.2 0.2 23.6 2.2 2.2 11.4 10.4 4.5 4.5

4.4 0.2 18.1 3.0 3.0 10.7 11.3 3.9 3.9 -0.2 0.7 22.2 2.9 2.9 10.0 11.3 3.9 3.9

0.1 20.6 3.6 3.6 13.6 13.0 0.1

0.1 25.3 3.8 3.8 15.5 11.8 2.1 2.0

3.3 0.1 18.6 15.9 2.1 13.9

3.8 0.1 0.1 22.9 20.2 2.4 17.9

3.5 0.6 0.1 24.9 21.7 2.6 19.0

5.5 0.2 0.2 22.6 19.8 1.7 18.1

5.1 0.2 0.2 21.9 19.0 1.8 17.3

4.4 0.7 0.2 20.9 17.5 1.3 16.2

0.5 8.3 0.1 2.4 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0

0.5 10.7 0.9 2.4 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.1

0.0 10.8 1.3 2.5 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.3 0.0

0.1 9.3 1.6 2.5 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.3 0.1

0.0 8.5 1.6 2.5 0.1 0.0 4.2 0.3 0.1

0.0 7.9 1.6 2.1 0.1 0.0 4.0 0.3 0.1

4.9 4.9 2.6 0.9 0.5 0.0

6.3 6.6 2.8 1.4 0.7 0.0

5.8 7.2 3.2 2.2 0.6 0.0

5.5 7.3 3.0 1.9 0.5 0.0

5.3 6.9 2.8 1.8 0.4 0.0

4.7 6.5 2.7 1.8 0.4 0.0

18.0 3.8 3.8 14.1 13.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 9.4 4.9

2000 10.9 6.3

2005 13.4 7.3

2010 18.9 9.9

2011 19.9 9.9

2012 19.8 9.4

4.5 0.0 0.0

4.5 0.1 0.0 0.0

5.0 1.1 0.0 0.0

5.1 3.8 0.1 0.0

5.5 4.3 0.2 0.0

5.7 4.4 0.2 0.0

33.3 13.4 10.3 0.1

43.8 14.6 8.4 7.2

46.6 15.2 8.8 13.6

54.1 7.1 3.0 14.9

52.5 9.8 2.7 14.9

46.6 13.1 2.2 10.7

9.5

13.3 0.3

8.6 0.3

28.8 0.3

24.7 0.3

20.4 0.3

1.1 5.4 11.6 % 59.6

1.3 6.4 11.8 % 67.2

1.4 6.6 12.7 % 69.3

7 137 1 935 4 286

6 940 1 450 4 366 309

6 539 1 306 4 088 293

305

289

4 913 2 022 2 273

6 604 2 272 3 523

6 130 1 180 3 790 275 3 268

172 171 178 153 151 147 2 057 2 473 2 604 2 283 2 223 2 099 2 872 3 753 4 391 4 690 4 553 4 371 154 155 161 142 140 138 85.3 % 85.1 % 88.6 % 75.1 % 77.6 % 79.5 % 105.8 % 102.9 % 96.3 % 98.3 % 97.3 % 103.3 % 105.9 % 103.4 % 96.3 % 98.3 % 97.3 % 103.3 % 100.6 % 99.4 % 102.3 % 97.5 % 100.8 % 100.9 % 100.0 % 99.0 % 100.2 % 98.8 % 100.7 % 100.0 % 100.3 % 103.8 % 100.4 % 101.6 % 99.7 % 24.2 % 33.7 % 40.7 % 5.6 %

24.5 % 35.0 % 45.9 % 0.4 %

24.6 % 33.0 % 47.6 % 0.4 %

57 74

69 88

73 92

57 75

56 74

55 74

5 689 2 765 474

6 784 2 744 469

6 922 2 658 473

5 332 2 336 358

5 252 2 363 356

5 210 2 483 364

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

220

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.23. Romania

Romania

Romania Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

221

EU Energy in Figures

1995 32.3 7.9 0.7 6.8 6.7 14.4 14.4

2000 28.5 5.6 0.2 6.4 6.3 11.0 11.0 1.4 4.0 0.1 8.0 1.9 1.6 3.4 4.8 2.7 2.7

2005 28.2 5.8 0.0 6.2 5.6 9.7 9.7 1.4 5.0 0.1 10.8 2.9 2.4 4.0 8.9 4.2 4.2

2.8 0.0 0.4 45.1 30.4 1.2 27.0

-0.1 36.6 7.5 1.7 10.0 11.0 13.7 13.7 1.4 4.0 -0.1 0.1 34.8 25.0 1.9 22.8

-0.2 39.2 8.8 2.4 10.3 14.4 13.9 13.9 1.4 4.9 -0.2 0.1 36.7 26.9 2.5 24.7

1.6 5.7 10.3 1.3

1.0 5.5 6.9 2.7

1.6 6.6 7.8 3.2

3.1 4.7 0.2

0.0 2.9 3.6 0.1

15.1 3.1 6.3 0.5 1.0 0.9

9.3 3.5 8.4 0.7 0.4 0.5

2.8 0.4 14.0 2.9 3.0 6.4 8.3 4.8 4.8 0.0 46.3 10.8 3.7 13.1 15.1 19.2 19.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

2010 27.8 5.9 0.0 4.6 4.5 8.6 8.6 3.0 5.7 0.0 7.8 1.2 0.5 4.8 6.0 1.8 1.8 0.1 -0.2 35.8 7.0 0.5 9.3 10.7 10.8 10.8 3.0 5.9 -0.2 0.0 34.3 24.8 1.5 22.6

2011 27.9 6.7 0.0 4.5 4.5 8.7 8.7 3.0 5.0 0.0 7.9 1.1 0.6 4.4 5.7 2.5 2.5 0.1 -0.2 36.6 8.2 0.6 9.3 10.3 11.1 11.1 3.0 5.1 -0.2 0.0 34.8 24.7 1.7 22.8

2012 27.4 6.3 0.0 4.2 4.1 8.7 8.7 3.0 5.2 0.0 8.0 1.3 0.8 4.5 5.2 2.3 2.3 -0.1 0.0 35.4 7.6 0.8 8.8 9.2 10.8 10.8 3.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 33.6 24.2 1.7 22.7

0.0 3.3 2.1 0.1

0.9 6.2 6.2 4.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 1.6 0.0

0.8 6.7 6.2 3.6 0.0 0.0 3.7 1.7 0.0

0.8 6.7 6.2 3.8 0.0 0.0 3.6 1.5 0.0

10.0 4.3 8.0 1.7 0.2 0.6

6.9 5.1 8.1 1.9 0.4 0.2

7.1 5.3 7.9 1.8 0.4 0.2

6.8 5.3 8.1 1.8 0.5 0.2

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 6.0

2000 6.1

6.0

6.1

59.3 20.6 5.8 16.0

51.9 18.9 3.4 9.0 5.5 14.8

16.7 0.0

2 912 1 082 1 583

3 273 1 321 1 756

2005 19.0 12.0 0.7 6.3 0.0

2010 19.9 11.6 1.4 6.5 0.4

2011 20.5 11.6 1.4 6.5 1.0 0.0

2012 21.8 11.9 1.4 6.5 1.8 0.0

59.4 21.9 1.9 9.8 5.6 20.2 0.0

61.0 20.7 0.7 7.3 11.6 20.7

62.2 24.8 0.8 8.4 11.7 16.5

59.0 22.9 0.8 8.7 11.5 15.2

5.3 15.6 26.2 % 95.4

4.6 6.5 10.8 % 69.0

2.2 7.3 11.7 % 71.9

4 103 1 600 2 298

4 882 1 412 3 172 115 47 67

5 022 1 346 3 367 195 47 138

5 012 1 331 3 450 218 59 159

751 606 491 395 394 379 2 042 1 634 1 839 1 768 1 815 1 760 1 603 1 513 1 823 2 041 2 120 2 109 731 575 460 378 375 360 30.3 % 21.8 % 27.6 % 21.9 % 21.6 % 22.7 % 26.5 % 25.6 % 33.4 % 17.6 % 13.8 % 16.6 % 81.7 % 96.0 % 102.2 % 100.8 % 96.7 % 97.4 % 48.6 % 34.2 % 38.5 % 51.9 % 47.0 % 51.4 % 54.9 % 43.5 % 61.3 % 56.5 % 55.1 % 56.6 % 24.9 % 19.8 % 30.1 % 16.8 % 22.2 % 21.2 % 23.2 % 27.2 % 30.4 % 3.1 %

21.2 % 24.3 % 31.1 % 2.0 %

22.9 % 25.7 % 33.6 % 4.1 %

127 176

93 135

100 142

80 116

86 122

84 119

5 599 2 741 2 060

4 158 2 545 1 544

4 675 2 542 1 249

3 971 2 246 886

4 272 2 354 927

4 195 2 384 903

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

222

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.24. Slovenia

Slovenia

Slovenia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

223

EU Energy in Figures

1995 3.0 1.2

2000 3.1 1.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.5

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.8 0.0 3.4 0.2 0.2 2.5 0.1 0.8 0.8

3.1 0.2 0.1 2.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.0 -0.1 6.1 1.4 0.1 2.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.5 -0.1

2005 3.5 1.2

2010 3.7 1.2

2011 3.8 1.2

0.0

2012 3.5 1.1 0.0

0.0 0.0 1.5 0.8 0.0 3.9 0.3 0.3 2.6

0.0 0.0 1.5 1.0 0.0 3.6 0.3 0.2 2.6

0.0 0.0 1.6 1.0 0.0 3.5 0.3 0.2 2.6

0.0 0.0 1.4 1.0 0.0 3.6 0.3 0.2 2.7

0.9 0.9

0.7 0.7 0.0 -0.1 7.3 1.5 0.2 2.6

0.7 0.7 0.1 -0.1 7.0 1.4 0.2 2.5

0.0 7.3 1.5 0.3 2.6

6.0 4.2 0.1 4.1

-0.1 6.5 1.3 0.2 2.4 0.1 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.8 -0.1 0.0 6.2 4.7 0.2 4.5

0.9 0.9 0.0 -0.2 7.2 1.5 0.2 2.6

0.9 0.9 1.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 7.0 5.2 0.3 4.9

0.9 0.9 1.5 1.0 -0.2 0.0 7.0 5.2 0.2 4.9

0.7 0.7 1.6 1.0 -0.1 0.0 7.2 5.1 0.1 5.0

0.7 0.7 1.4 1.0 -0.1 0.0 6.9 5.0 0.1 4.9

0.1 2.1 0.6 0.3

0.1 2.3 0.6 0.4

0.1 2.4 0.7 0.4

0.8 0.2

0.9 0.2

1.1 0.2 0.0

0.0 2.4 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.2 0.0

0.1 2.4 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.2 0.0

0.0 2.4 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.2 0.0

1.2 1.3 1.2 0.4

1.4 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.1 0.0

1.6 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

1.3 1.8 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

1.2 1.9 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 2.5 1.1 0.7 0.8

12.9 4.6 0.3 0.0 4.8 3.3

1 334 880 433

2000 2.6 1.1 0.7 0.8

13.6 4.6 0.1 0.3 4.8 3.9

1 236 860 350

2005 3.0 1.4 0.7 1.0

2010 3.2 1.3 0.7 1.3

2011 3.3 1.3 0.7 1.3

2012 3.4 1.3 0.7 1.3

0.0

0.1

15.1 5.3 0.0 0.3 5.9 3.6 0.0

16.4 5.3 0.0 0.5 5.7 4.9 0.0

16.1 5.3 0.0 0.5 6.2 4.0 0.0

15.7 5.1 0.0 0.5 5.5 4.5 0.0

0.3 1.1 7.3 % 15.0

0.3 1.1 6.9 % 11.6

0.3 1.1 7.1 % 11.0

1 476 698 754

1 746 600 1 111 45 3 42

1 855 582 1 241 35 4 31

1 842 526 1 282 51 5 46

312 268 255 231 231 228 3 053 3 243 3 661 3 527 3 547 3 406 4 698 5 289 6 368 5 840 6 141 6 101 306 258 244 224 227 224 50.9 % 52.8 % 52.5 % 49.4 % 48.1 % 51.6 % 13.6 % 18.7 % 21.0 % 19.2 % 17.5 % 21.5 % 100.0 % 100.6 % 93.7 % 101.4 % 94.6 % 117.9 % 97.8 % 101.5 % 101.3 % 100.0 % 100.1 % 105.0 % 95.9 % 87.0 % 100.6 % 99.3 % 99.6 % 99.3 % 99.8 % 99.8 % 19.2 % 25.5 % 32.1 % 2.8 %

19.4 % 28.7 % 30.8 % 2.1 %

20.2 % 30.6 % 31.4 % 2.9 %

15 19

17 20

16 20

16 19

7 576 2 481 775

7 681 2 369 635

8 408 2 297 586

7 941 2 251 519

7 966 2 246 518

7 731 2 270 517

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

224

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.25. Slovakia

Slovakia

Slovakia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

225

EU Energy in Figures

1995 5.1 1.0

2000 6.4 1.0

2005 6.7 0.6

2010 6.3 0.6

2011 6.6 0.6

2012 6.6 0.6

0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 3.0 0.5 0.2 12.1 4.1 3.1 3.4 5.1 4.5 4.5

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.3 0.5 0.3 12.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 5.7 5.7 5.7

0.1 17.7 5.4 3.3 3.3 5.0 5.2 5.2 3.0 0.5 0.1 0.2 16.8 12.2 0.9 11.0

-0.2 18.3 4.3 3.0 3.4 5.9 5.8 5.8 4.3 0.5 -0.2 0.3 16.9 12.7 1.4 11.0

0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 4.6 0.9 0.1 12.4 3.7 3.5 3.3 5.4 5.7 5.7 0.0 -0.3 19.0 4.2 3.3 3.7 5.6 5.9 5.9 4.6 0.8 -0.3 0.1 17.8 12.8 1.3 11.6

0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 3.8 1.4 0.0 11.2 3.0 2.6 3.3 5.3 5.0 5.0 -0.1 0.1 17.9 3.9 2.8 3.7 5.3 5.0 5.0 3.8 1.3 0.1 0.0 16.8 12.6 1.1 11.5

0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 4.0 1.4 0.0 11.2 3.0 2.7 3.3 5.8 4.9 4.9 -0.1 0.1 17.4 3.7 2.7 3.6 5.8 4.6 4.6 4.0 1.3 0.1 0.0 16.2 12.0 1.2 10.8

0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 4.0 1.4 0.0 10.0 3.1 2.8 3.0 5.2 3.9 3.9 -0.1 0.0 16.7 3.5 2.6 3.4 5.2 4.4 4.4 4.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 15.7 11.3 1.0 10.3

2.6 1.6 4.1 0.1

1.7 1.7 4.7 0.1

1.9 0.7 0.1

1.9 0.6 0.2

1.6 2.2 4.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0

1.6 2.3 4.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.9 0.0

1.5 2.2 3.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.8 0.0

1.4 2.3 3.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.8 0.0

4.7 1.4 2.0 2.7 0.3

4.5 1.5 2.6 2.2 0.2

4.7 2.4 2.5 1.8 0.2

4.4 2.6 2.3 2.1 0.1

4.3 2.6 2.1 1.6 0.2

4.3 2.3 2.1 1.5 0.1

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 7.2 3.2 1.8 2.3

2000 7.5 2.4 2.6 2.4

26.8 6.5 0.7 2.9 11.4 5.2

31.2 5.6 0.2 3.9 16.5 5.0 0.0

1 294 512 742

1 372 605 740

2005 8.3 3.1 2.6 2.5 0.0

2010 7.9 3.5 1.8 2.5 0.0 0.0

2011 8.4 3.4 1.9 2.5 0.0 0.5

2012 8.4 3.4 1.9 2.5 0.0 0.5

0.0 31.5 5.5 0.7 2.6 17.7 4.8 0.0

0.0 27.9 3.6 0.6 2.7 14.6 6.3 0.0

0.0 28.7 3.6 0.6 3.6 15.4 5.4 0.0

0.0 28.7 3.4 0.5 3.3 15.5 5.8 0.0

1.9 4.8 15.3 % 33.7

2.8 4.4 15.9 % 20.1

2.5 7.0 24.5 % 26.2

1 731 667 1 011 11

2 093 600 1 450 98 24 74

2 056 570 1 411 98 20 78

1 997 555 1 371 91 18 73

691 604 494 369 349 329 3 304 3 389 3 532 3 290 3 224 3 089 4 052 4 075 4 242 4 445 4 596 4 428 655 559 461 348 325 310 68.5 % 65.5 % 65.3 % 62.9 % 64.1 % 60.0 % 76.7 % 80.2 % 88.4 % 75.7 % 81.8 % 89.7 % 92.9 % 103.8 % 105.2 % 91.9 % 98.0 % 105.9 % 100.6 % 90.5 % 88.2 % 88.7 % 90.0 % 89.7 % 101.5 % 97.6 % 97.7 % 99.9 % 100.2 % 99.3 % 86.8 % 98.8 % 97.5 % 99.9 % 104.8 % 89.8 % 9.0 % 7.8 % 17.8 % 4.8 %

10.3 % 9.1 % 19.3 % 5.0 %

10.4 % 8.7 % 20.1 % 4.8 %

45 53

41 49

42 50

38 46

37 45

35 43

8 330 2 521 1 743

7 606 2 244 1 356

7 795 2 207 1 091

6 919 2 103 777

6 922 2 147 750

6 536 2 116 697

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

226

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.26. Finland

Finland

Finland Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

227

EU Energy in Figures

1995 13.1 2.0

2000 15.2 1.1

2005 17.0 2.1

2010 17.9 1.8

2011 17.6 1.7

2012 17.7 1.0

0.0

0.5

0.7

5.9 9.4 0.1 17.9 4.0 3.7 9.2 11.2 3.8 3.8 -0.1 0.9 37.1 6.9 4.3 10.1 11.1 3.8 3.8 5.9 9.3 0.9 0.1 35.8 27.6 1.2 26.4

0.0 0.0 6.0 9.1 0.2 19.1 4.6 4.3 10.0 11.7 3.4 3.4 0.0 1.2 35.5 5.7 3.4 10.0 11.8 3.4 3.4 6.0 9.1 1.2 0.2 34.4 26.6 1.1 25.1

0.0 0.0 5.9 9.9 0.2 15.5 2.6 2.4 8.4 11.3 3.0 3.0 0.0 1.5 34.1 4.6 2.8 9.0 11.2 3.0 3.0 5.9 9.9 1.5 0.2 33.1 25.9 1.0 25.3

5.0 6.1 0.0 15.8 3.8 3.7 8.4 8.5 2.8 2.8

5.8 7.8 0.1 18.2 3.5 3.2 10.2 11.6 3.4 3.4

0.7 29.3 6.1 4.1 8.6 9.0 2.8 2.8 5.0 6.1 0.7 0.0 28.2 21.8 1.1 21.8

1.0 32.4 5.1 3.3 9.2 11.4 3.4 3.4 5.8 7.8 1.0 0.1 31.4 24.9 1.0 24.6

6.0 8.2 0.1 19.0 3.3 3.0 10.7 10.6 3.6 3.6 -0.1 1.5 34.5 4.9 2.9 10.3 10.8 3.6 3.6 6.0 8.1 1.5 0.1 33.4 26.6 1.2 25.3

1.3 7.5 1.3 3.9 0.0

1.1 7.9 1.2 4.5 0.0

1.0 8.1 1.1 4.2 0.0

0.9 7.8 1.0 4.8 0.0

0.9 7.5 1.0 4.7 0.0

0.8 7.2 0.9 5.0 0.0

5.6 2.1

6.5 3.3 0.0

6.9 4.0 0.0

7.2 4.7 0.0

6.9 4.2 0.0

6.9 4.3 0.0

9.8 4.1 5.4 1.0 0.8 0.7

12.3 4.3 4.5 1.6 0.7 1.2

12.0 4.6 5.0 1.7 0.7 1.2

11.4 4.8 5.7 2.0 0.8 1.6

11.2 4.9 5.0 1.9 0.7 1.4

10.9 4.8 5.4 1.9 0.8 1.4

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 14.4 9.3 2.3 2.8 0.0 0.0

2000 16.3 10.7 2.6 2.9 0.0 0.0

2005 16.5 10.7 2.7 3.0 0.1 0.0

2010 16.7 10.6 2.7 3.2 0.2 0.0

2011 16.8 10.6 2.7 3.2 0.2 0.0

2012 16.9 10.7 2.8 3.2 0.3 0.0

64.0 16.6 1.4 7.2 19.2 19.5

70.0 12.5 0.6 10.8 22.5 23.4 0.1

70.6 11.0 0.5 11.9 23.3 23.5 0.2

80.7 20.8 0.5 11.8 22.8 24.2 0.2

73.5 15.2 0.4 10.0 23.2 24.2 0.2

70.4 10.8 0.3 7.2 23.0 28.5 0.2

5.8 27.5 38.9 % 250.0

6.2 29.2 36.2 % 272.8

6.2 26.6 36.2 % 255.0

4 041 1 938 1 646

4 212 1 751 1 935

4 573 1 838 2 165

4 624 1 533 2 420 142 80 63

4 661 1 441 2 443 197 88 109

4 473 1 388 2 346 266 90 176

268 5 733 12 768 257 53.5 % 63.4 % 89.0 % 94.7 % 94.1 % 100.0 %

235 6 264 14 620 227 55.1 % 68.9 % 97.7 % 103.5 % 101.5 % 100.0 %

219 6 581 15 390 212 54.2 % 67.7 % 102.6 % 98.4 % 97.5 % 100.0 %

226 6 911 15 564 218 48.0 % 57.8 % 85.5 % 89.4 % 101.1 % 100.0 %

210 6 590 14 861 204 53.4 % 80.9 % 126.2 % 97.3 % 98.9 % 100.0 %

204 6 296 14 916 198 45.4 % 57.7 % 85.8 % 92.5 % 100.9 % 100.0 %

32.4 % 44.1 % 27.6 % 3.8 %

32.7 % 45.7 % 29.4 % 0.4 %

34.3 % 48.1 % 29.5 % 0.4 %

66 77

59 69

53 63

11 718 11 581 11 330 12 268 10 944 2 044 1 849 1 722 1 775 1 661 547 434 378 401 349

9 786 1 554 317

60 73

60 72

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

59 72

228

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.27. Sweden

Sweden

Sweden Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

229

EU Energy in Figures

1995 31.4 0.2

2000 30.1 0.2

2005 34.3 0.2

2010 32.8 0.2

2011 33.0 0.2

2012 35.8 0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

18.0 12.8 0.2 20.4 2.8 2.4 17.1 19.2 0.8 0.8

14.8 14.7 0.3 20.4 2.4 2.1 16.8 22.0 0.8 0.8

18.7 14.8 0.5 19.5 2.6 2.2 16.7 19.5 0.8 0.8

14.9 17.0 0.5 19.3 2.5 2.3 15.1 19.6 1.5 1.5

15.6 16.5 0.5 18.6 2.4 2.1 15.7 18.7 1.2 1.2

16.5 18.5 0.5 14.7 1.7 1.6 13.7 20.2 1.0 1.0

-0.1 51.5 2.9 2.3 16.8 19.4 0.8 0.8 18.0 12.8 -0.1 0.2 49.5 36.7 2.0 35.1

0.4 48.9 2.5 2.0 15.4 21.8 0.8 0.8 14.8 14.7 0.4 0.3 47.2 36.2 1.7 35.0

-0.6 51.0 2.6 2.1 14.1 19.4 0.9 0.8 18.7 14.8 -0.6 0.5 48.7 35.2 2.3 33.7

0.2 50.8 2.5 2.0 14.2 19.8 1.5 1.5 14.9 17.0 0.2 0.5 48.7 36.9 2.1 34.1

-0.6 49.7 2.5 2.1 14.0 18.6 1.2 1.2 15.6 16.5 -0.6 0.5 47.8 36.1 1.9 32.4

-1.7 49.8 2.2 1.9 12.7 20.4 1.0 1.0 16.5 18.5 -1.7 0.5 48.0 35.3 1.8 32.4

1.2 13.9 0.6 5.1 0.0

1.1 13.3 0.7 5.3 0.0

1.3 11.4 0.8 4.7 0.0

1.2 10.0 0.7 5.7 0.0

1.2 9.7 0.7 6.0 0.0

1.0 9.0 0.8 6.1 0.0

10.7 3.5 0.0

11.1 3.6

11.2 4.2

11.3 5.1

10.7 4.1

10.9 4.5

13.8 7.8 7.7 4.9 0.8 0.0

14.3 8.2 7.3 4.4 0.8 0.0

12.6 8.6 7.3 4.3 0.8 0.0

12.2 8.6 7.6 5.0 0.7 0.0

11.9 8.5 7.0 4.5 0.5

11.7 8.3 7.4 4.5 0.5

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) Import Dependency (%) on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions GHGs Emissions Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05)

1995 33.6 7.3 10.1 16.2 0.1 0.0

2000 33.7 7.5 9.5 16.5 0.2 0.0

2005 33.4 7.1 9.5 16.3 0.5 0.0

2010 36.5 8.7 9.0 16.7 2.0 0.0

2011 35.2 6.5 9.3 16.6 2.8 0.0

2012 37.8 8.4 9.4 16.4 3.6 0.0

148.4 2.4 3.9 1.3 69.9 70.6 0.1

145.3 1.7 1.5 1.3 57.3 83.2 0.2

158.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 72.4 81.3 0.9

148.6 1.8 1.8 3.8 57.8 82.2 1.2

150.4 1.3 0.8 2.3 60.5 84.2 1.4

166.6 0.9 0.6 1.3 64.0 98.4 1.3

3.5 10.7 6.7 % 132.7

5.1 18.5 12.5 % 187.2

4.0 15.1 10.0 % 171.5 7 783 3 057 3 743 430 202 229

7 550 4 559 2 100

7 907 4 265 2 671

8 217 4 142 3 154 134 127 7

7 959 3 320 3 653 376 202 174

234 5 831 14 112 225 38.9 % 95.4 % 101.5 % 95.6 % 99.3 % 100.0 %

187 5 511 14 509 181 40.7 % 98.2 % 107.7 % 100.8 % 100.6 % 100.0 %

171 5 647 14 474 163 36.8 % 97.2 % 104.3 % 104.0 % 100.4 % 100.0 %

157 5 415 13 991 151 36.6 % 102.2 % 115.2 % 93.6 % 99.0 % 100.0 %

7 455 2 776 3 763 518 205 313

149 148 5 261 5 231 13 189 13 371 144 143 36.2 % 28.7 % 94.4 % 78.2 % 101.0 % 81.5 % 99.9 % 95.4 % 100.5 % 99.3 % 100.0 % 100.0 %

47.2 % 60.9 % 56.0 % 7.2 %

48.8 % 62.5 % 59.9 % 9.4 %

51.0 % 65.6 % 60.0 % 12.6 %

64 79

61 75

62 76

61 74

57 69

54 66

7 240 1 242 291

6 856 1 244 233

6 839 1 211 207

6 514 1 203 189

5 992 1 139 170

5 635 1 077 160

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

230

PART 5 Country Profiles

EU Energy in Figures

5.28. United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Intensity Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

231

EU Energy in Figures

1995 256.5 32.1 32.1 135.7 134.4 63.7 63.7 22.9 1.8 0.2 -36.8 10.5 10.3 -49.3 -43.7 0.6 0.6

2000 268.5 18.7 18.7 127.9 127.8 97.6 97.6 21.9 2.3 0.2 -39.2 14.5 14.4 -45.6 -41.8 -9.3 -9.3 1.2 230.6 36.5 36.6 81.0 87.1 87.4 87.4 21.9 2.3 1.2 0.2 219.2 163.8 11.3 153.2

2005 204.4 11.9 11.9 87.9 87.6 79.4 79.4 21.1 3.6 0.6 31.6 27.2 26.7 -2.7 -0.2 6.0 6.0 0.4 0.7 234.0 37.7 37.3 84.4 87.2 85.5 85.5 21.1 4.0 0.7 0.6 222.8 165.3 11.2 152.8

2010 147.6 10.8 10.8 63.8 63.6 51.5 51.5 16.0 5.2 0.4 60.8 15.8 16.1 11.2 9.6 32.0 32.0 1.6 0.2 211.2 30.5 30.9 72.4 73.4 84.8 84.8 16.0 6.8 0.2 0.4 203.0 150.8 8.2 141.3

2011 129.1 10.9 10.9 52.8 52.7 40.8 40.8 17.8 6.2 0.7 72.6 19.7 20.0 19.9 21.7 31.0 31.0 1.5 0.5 197.3 30.6 31.3 69.7 74.8 70.2 70.2 17.8 7.7 0.5 0.7 189.7 138.8 7.6 130.9

2012 117.1 10.0 10.0 46.0 45.9 35.0 35.0 18.2 7.1 0.8 86.6 27.0 27.2 26.1 26.1 31.2 31.2 1.3 1.0 202.3 38.8 39.0 68.7 71.3 66.4 66.4 18.2 8.4 1.0 0.8 195.4 141.6 6.9 134.0

1.4 222.3 47.2 47.1 83.6 91.6 65.1 65.1 22.9 1.8 1.4 0.2 209.8 157.1 12.5 142.7 8.2 61.0 47.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 25.3 0.1

6.0 63.7 52.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 28.3 2.4 0.0

4.6 65.9 50.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 30.0 1.3 0.1

3.9 58.6 47.1 2.1 0.1 0.0 28.3 1.3 0.0

3.7 57.4 39.0 2.0 0.1 0.0 27.3 1.2 0.0

3.8 56.8 42.8 1.9 0.2 0.0 27.3 1.2 0.0

34.9 47.7 39.3 16.3 1.3 3.2

36.9 52.9 43.0 16.9 1.2 2.4

33.4 55.5 44.2 16.7 0.9 2.0

27.5 50.9 44.6 16.2 0.9 1.2

26.4 50.9 35.9 15.7 0.9 1.2

26.0 50.1 39.7 16.1 0.9 1.3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 70.1 Combustible Fuels 52.9 Nuclear 12.8 Hydro 4.2 Wind 0.2 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 334.0 Solid Fuels 153.8 Petroleum and Products 17.3 Gases 65.1 Nuclear 89.0 Renewables 8.4 Wastes, non-RES 0.4 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption Petroleum Products 46 975 Motor Gasoline 23 543 Gas/Diesel Oil 15 322 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 166 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 830 Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 5 079 Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 156 Import Dependency (%) -16.4 % on Solid Fuels 22.2 % on Hard Coal 21.8 % on Petroleum Fuels -57.4 % on Crude and NGL -47.7 % on Natural Gas 1.0 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions 579 GHGs Emissions 752 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9 981 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 606 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 431

2000 78.4 61.2 12.5 4.3 0.4 0.0

2005 82.4 64.7 11.9 4.3 1.6 0.0

2010 93.7 72.9 10.9 4.4 5.4 0.1

2011 92.9 70.3 10.7 4.4 6.5 1.0

2012 94.5 69.5 9.9 4.4 8.9 1.7

0.0

398.4 134.6 5.3 154.3 81.6 19.9 2.6

381.8 107.7 4.8 176.8 62.1 29.0 1.4

367.5 108.6 3.1 147.3 69.0 37.6 1.9

363.8 143.2 3.1 101.1 70.4 44.2 1.9

5.4 27.2 6.8 % 185.2

6.1 23.6 6.2 % 155.5

6.1 23.2 6.3 % 153.9

0.0 377.1 120.0 8.4 150.4 85.1 12.7 0.5

52 154 55 072 49 406 49 517 48 820 23 167 19 975 15 598 14 851 14 153 17 754 21 497 21 852 22 203 22 882 80 1 130 1 045 882 54 319 330 392 25 811 715 490 143 125 111 103 105 3 915 3 885 3 392 3 145 3 175 5 594 5 789 5 281 5 067 4 985 136 119 107 99 102 -16.9 % 13.4 % 28.3 % 36.2 % 42.2 % 39.6 % 72.1 % 51.8 % 64.1 % 69.5 % 39.4 % 71.5 % 52.0 % 63.7 % 69.8 % -54.9 % -3.2 % 14.8 % 27.1 % 36.3 % -48.0 % -0.2 % 13.1 % 29.0 % 36.6 % -10.7 % 7.0 % 37.7 % 44.2 % 47.0 % 3.3 % 1.7 % 7.4 % 3.1 %

3.8 % 2.3 % 8.8 % 2.7 %

4.2 % 2.3 % 10.8 % 3.7 %

591 727

601 718

543 647

504 606

521 622

10 030 2 562 366

9 978 2 569 322

8 715 2 569 286

8 038 2 556 263

8 182 2 577 271

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Appendices

235

Summary Appendices – Methodology

��

Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature

��

236 236

Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN

��

237

Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE

��

238

Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR

��

239

Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN

��

240

Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE

��

241

Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR

��

242

Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes

��

243

��

244

Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors

��

Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values Appendices – Glossary

246

��

247

Appendix 12 – Glossary Appendices – Notes

245

��

247

��

258

Appendix 13 – Notes

��

258

236

Appendices – Methodology

Appendices – Methodology Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Country Nomenclature

Main Indicators – EN

Interinstitutional Style Guide (ISG) Country Code

ISG Short Name EN

ISG Short Name, Source Language*

ISG Protocol Order

ISO 3166 Alpha-2 Country Codes

Eurostat Partner Code

ESTAT – Energy Numeric Code

Country nomenclature

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Germany Estonia Ireland Greece Spain France Croatia Italy Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Hungary Malta Netherlands Austria Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Finland Sweden United Kingdom

Belgique / België Bulgaria* Česká republika Danmark Deutschland Eesti Éire / Ireland Elláda España France Hrvatska Italia Kýpros Latvija Lietuva Luxembourg Magyarország Malta Nederland Österreich Polska Portugal România Slovenija Slovensko Suomi / Finland Sverige United Kingdom

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE GR ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE GB

0012 0068 0061 0008 0004 0053 0007 0009 0042 0001 0092 0005 0600 0055 0054 0022 0064 0085 0003 0038 0060 0040 0066 0091 0063 0032 0030 0006

09 82 22 10 04 85 12 11 15 06 84 07 21 24 25 13 23 27 08 16 87 14 83 86 26 18 17 05

* Latin Transliteration EU Interinstitutional Style Guide (ISG): http://publications.europa.eu/code/ Eurostat Website: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/ ISO 3166 Country Codes Maintenance Agency: http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm

ESTAT Energy database Indicator Code B_100100 B_100200 B_100300 B_100400 B_100500 B_100600 B_101700 B_100800 B_100900 B_101000 B_101100 B_101200 B_101300 B_101400 B_101500 B_101700 B_101800 B_101805 B_101815 B_101820 B_101825 B_101830 B_101835 B_101840 B_101851 B_101852 B_101900 B_101910 B_101920 B_101930 B_101940 B_102000 B_102010 B_102030 B_102035 B_102020 B_102040 B_102200

EN Primary production Recovered products Imports Stock Changes Exports Net imports Final energy consumption Bunkers Gross inland consumption Transformation input Transformation output Exchanges, Transfers, Returns Consumption in Energy Sector Distribution Losses Energy available for final consumption Final Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption – Industry Iron and Steel Chemical and Petrochemical Non-Metallic Minerals Mining and Quarrying Food and Tobacco Textile and Leather Paper, Pulp and Print Wood and Wood Products Construction Final energy consumption – transport Final energy consumption – rail transport Final energy consumption – road transport Final energy consumption – air transport Final energy consumption – inland navigation Final energy consumption – households, commerce, etc Residential Final energy consumption – agriculture Final energy consumption – services Final energy consumption – fisheries Final energy consumption – other sectors Statistical Difference

Source: Coded, Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC

237

238

Appendices – Methodology

Appendices – Methodology Appendix 3

Appendix 4

Main Indicators – DE

Main Indicators – FR

Main Indicators – DE

Main Indicators – FR

ESTAT Energy Database Indicator Code B_100100 B_100200 B_100300 B_100400 B_100500 B_100600 B_101700 B_100800 B_100900 B_101000 B_101100 B_101200 B_101300 B_101400 B_101500 B_101700 B_101800 B_101805 B_101810 B_101815 B_101820 B_101825 B_101830 B_101835 B_101840 B_101851 B_101852 B_101900 B_101910 B_101920 B_101930 B_101940 B_102000 B_102010 B_102030 B_102035 B_102020 B_102040 B_102200

B_101825 B_101830 B_101835 B_101840 B_101851 B_101852 B_101900 B_101910 B_101920 B_101930 B_101940 B_102000 B_102010 B_102030 B_102035 B_102020 B_102040 B_102200

DE Primärerzeugung Wiedergewinnung Gesamteinfuhren Bestandsveränderungen Gesamtausfuhren Nettoeinfuhren Energetischer Endverbrauch Bunker Bruttoinlandsverbrauch Umwandlungseinsatz Umwandlungsausstoß Austausch, Übertragung, Rückläufe Verbrauch des Produktionsbereichs Energie Netzverluste Für den Endverbrauch zur Verfügung stehende Energie Energetischer Endverbrauch Energetischer Endverbrauch der Industrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Stahlindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der NE-Metallindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der chemischen Industrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der chemischen Industrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Nahrungsund Genussmittelindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Nahrungsund Genussmittelindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Textil-, Lederwaren- und Bekleidungsindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Papier- und Druckindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Holz Energetischer Endverbrauch – Baugewerbe Energetischer Endverbrauch im Verkehrssektor Energetischer Endverbrauch des Bahnverkehrs Energetischer Endverbrauch des Strassenverkehrs Energetischer Endverbrauch des Luftverkehrs Energetischer Endverbrauch der Binnenschifffahrt Energetischer Endverbrauch der Privathaushalte, des Handels usw.. Energetischer Endverbrauch der Privathaushalte Energetischer Endverbrauch der Landwirtschaft Energetischer Endverbrauch des Dienstleistungssektors Energetischer Endverbrauch des Fischereisektors Energetischer Endverbrauch anderer Sektoren Statistische Differenz

Source: Coded, Eurostat Datenbank für Konzepte und Begriffe http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC

FR Production primaire Récupération Importations totales Variations de stocks Exportations totales Importations nettes Consommation finale énergétique Soutes maritimes Consommation intérieure brute Entrées en transformation Sorties de transformation Echanges, transferts, restitutions Consommation de la branche énergie Pertes sur les réseaux Disponible pour la consommation finale Consommation finale énergétique Consommation finale énergétique – industrie Consommation finale énergétique – sidérurgie Consommation finale énergétique – métaux non ferreux Consommation finale énergétique – Chimie Consommation finale énergétique – Chimie Consommation finale énergétique – alimentation, boissons, tabac Consommation finale énergétique – alimentation, boissons, tabac Consommation finale énergétique – textile, cuir, habillement Consommation finale énergétique – papier, carton, imprimerie Consommation finale énergétique – Bois Consommation finale énergétique – Construction Consommation finale énergétique – transports Consommation finale énergétique – transports ferroviaires Consommation finale énergétique – transports routiers Consommation finale énergétique – transports aériens Consommation finale énergétique – navigation intérieure Consommation finale énergétique – foyers, etc. Consommation finale énergétique – ménages Consommation finale énergétique – agriculture Consommation finale énergétique – services Consommation finale énergétique – pêche Consommation finale énergétique – autres Ecart statistique

Source: Coded, Base de Données de Concepts et Définitions d’Eurostat http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC

239

240

Appendices – Methodology

Appendix 5

Appendix 6

Main Products – EN

Main Products – DE

Main Products – EN

Main Products – DE

ESTAT Energy Database Product Code 0000 2000 2100 2111 2112 2120 2200 3000 3100 3105 3110 3190 3200 3220 3230 3234 3240 3250 3260 3270A 4000 4100 4200 5100 5200 5500 5510 5520 5530 5535 5540 5541 5542 55431 5545 5546 5547 5550 6000 7100

ESTAT Energy Database Product Code 0000 2000 2100 2111 2112 2120 2200 3000 3100 3105 3110 3190 3200 3220 3230 3234 3240 3250 3260 3270A 4000 4100 4200 4100 5200 5500 5510 5520 5530 5535 5540 5541 5542 55431 5545 5546 5547 5550 6000 7100

EN All products Solid fuels Hard coal & derivatives Hard coal Patent fuels Coke Lignite & derivatives Total petroleum and products Crude oil & feedstocks Crude oil Crude oil and NGL Feedstocks All petroleum product LPG Motor spirit Motor gasoline, Unleaded motor spirit Kerosenes – jet fuels Naphtha Gas / diesel oil Residual fuel oil Gas Natural gas Derived gas Nuclear power Derived heat Renewable energies Hydro power Wind energy Solar energy Tide/wave/ocean energy Biomass & wastes Wood & wood waste Biogas Municipal solid wastes – RES Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Geothermal energy Electrical energy Industrial waste

Source: Coded, Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC

DE Alle produkte Feste Brennstoffe Steinkohle und Nebenprodukte Steinkohle Steinkohlebriketts Koks Braunkohle und Nebenprodukte Rohöl und Mineralölerzeugnisse Rohöl und Feedstocks Rohöl Rohöl und Erdgaskondensate Feedstocks Alle Mineralölerzeugnisse Flüssiggas Motorenbenzin Unverbleites Benzin Petroleum und Flugturbinenkraftstoffe Rohbenzin Dieselkraftstoffe und Destillatheizöle Rückstandsheizöle Gas Naturgas Abgeleitete Gase Kernenergie Abgeleitete Wärme Erneuerbare Energien Wasserkraftenergie Windenergie Sonnenenergie Gezeiten-/ Wellen-/ Meeresenergie Biomasse und Abfälle Holz und Holzabfälle Biogas Hausmüll Erneuerbare Biotreibstoff Biobenzin Biodiesel Geothermische Energie Elektrizität Industrieabfälle

Source: Coded, Eurostat Datenbank für Konzepte und Begriffe http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC

241

242

Appendices – Methodology

Appendix 7

Appendix 8

Main Products – FR

Symbols and Abbreviations

Main Products – FR

Symbols and Abbreviations

% € 0 bbl bcm Blank CHP CO2 DG EEA equiv. ESTAT GCV GDP GHG GJ IEA k kgoe ktoe kton kWh LPG

FR Tous produits Combustibles solides Houille et dérivés solides Houille Agglomérés de houille Coke Lignite et dérivés Pétrole brut et produits pétroliers Pétrole brut et feedstocks Pétrole brut Pétrole brut et Liquides de gaz naturel Feedstocks Tous produits pétroliers GPL Essences moteurs Essences sans plomb Pétrole lampant et carburéacteurs Naphta Gasoil et fuel oil fluide Fuel oil résiduel Gaz Gaz naturel Gaz dérivés Energie nucléaire Chaleur dérivée Energies renouvelables Hydro-électricité Energie éolienne Energie solaire Énergie hydrocinétique/houlomotrice/marémotrice Biomasse/déchets Bois – déchets de bois Biogaz Déchets urbains solide renouvelables Biocarburants Bioessence Biodiesel Energie géothermique Energie électrique Déchets industriels

Source: Coded, Base de Données de Concepts et Définitions d’Eurostat http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC

M€ '2005 m3 Mio MS MSW Mtoe MW MWh NCV NGL p/cap PJ PV RES RES-E RES-H&C RE-T SI Units TJ toe ton TPES TWh UNFCCC VAT

per cent euro zero or figure less than half of the unit represented barrel billion cubic metres data not available combined heat & power carbon dioxide Directorate-General of the European Commission European Environment Agency equivalent Eurostat, Statistical Office of the European Union gross calorific value gross domestic product greenhouse gas gigajoule International Energy Agency thousand kilogram of oil equivalent kiloton of oil equivalent kiloton kilowatt hour liquefied petroleum gas millions of euro, chain-linked volumes, reference year 2005, at 2005 exchange rates cubic metre million European Union Member State municipal solid waste million ton of oil equivalent megawatt megawatt hour net calorific value natural gas liquid per capita petajoule photovoltaic renewable energy renewable energy – electricity generation renewable energy – heating and cooling renewable energy – transport International System of Units terajoule ton of oil equivalent metric ton, metric tonne, mt Total Primary Energy Supply terawatt hour United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change value added tax

243

244

Appendices – Methodology

Appendix 10

SI Units – Prefixes

Conversion Factors

SI Units – Prefixes

Conversion Factors

Standard Prefixes for the SI Units of Measure

Energy

Multiple 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 6 10 9 10 12 10 15 10 18 10 21 10 24

245

Appendices – Methodology

Appendix 9

deca (da) hecto (h) kilo (k) mega (M) giga (G) tera (T) peta (P) exa (E) zetta (Z) yotta (Y)

10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -6 10 -9 10 -12 10 -15 10 -18 10 -21 10 -24

Sub-multiple deci (d) centi (c) milli (m) micro (µ) nano (n) pico (p) femto (f) atto (a) zepto (z) yocto (y)

To: From Terajoule (TJ) Gigacalorie (Gcal) Million ton of oil equivalent (Mtoe) Gigawatt-hour GWh

TJ multiply by 1 4.1868 x 10 -3

Gcal

Mtoe

GWh

238.8 1

2.388 x 10 -5 1 x 10 -7

0.2778 1.163 x 10 -3

4.1868 x 10 4

1 x 10 7

11 630

3.6

860

8.6 x 10 -5

l multiply by 1 158.99 3.7854 4.5461

bbl

gal US

gal UK

0.6290 x 10 -2 1 0.2381 x 10 -1 0.2859 x 10 -1

0.2642 42 1 1.2009

0.2200 34.9723 0.8327 1

Volume To: From Litre (l) Barrel (bbl) US gallon (gal US) UK gallon (gal UK)

Mass To: From Ton, Tonne (t) Long ton (lt) UK Short ton (st) US

t multiply by 1 1.0160 0.9072

0.9842 1 0.8929

1.1023 1.1200 1

246

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Appendices – Glossary

Appendix 11

Average Calorific Values

Glossary

Average Calorific Values

Glossary

Average Calorific Values, Energy Content

Hard Coal Recovered Hard Coal Patent Fuels Hard Coke Brown Coal Black Lignite Peat Brown Coal Briquettes Tar Benzol Oil Equivalent Crude Oil Feedstocks Refinery Gas LPG Motor Spirit Kerosenes, Jet Fuel Naphtha Gas Diesel Oil Residual Fuel Oil White Spirit Lubricants Bitumen Petroleum Cokes Other Petro. Products Electrical Energy

247

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1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kWh

kJ (NCV) 17 200 – 30 700 13 800 – 28 300 26 800 – 31 400 28 500 5 600 – 10 500 10 500 – 21 000 7 800 – 13 800 20 000 37 700 39 500 41 868 41 600 – 42 800 42 500 50 000 46 000 44 000 43 000 44 000 42 300 40 000 44 000 42 300 37 700 31 400 30 000 3 600

kgoe (NCV) 0.411 – 0.733 0.330 – 0.676 0.640 – 0.750 0.681 0.134 – 0.251 0.251 – 0.502 0.186 – 0.330 0.478 0.900 0.943 1 0.994 – 1.022 1.015 1.194 1.099 1.051 1.027 1.051 1.010 0.955 1.051 1.010 0.900 0.750 0.717 0.086

In parenthesis, EUROSTAT Energy database/EUROBASE, (Energy section) codes for products (p:) and indicators (B_), as of June 2014. All Fuels The code “all fuels”, (p:0000), covers all energy products. These consist of hard coal and derivatives, lignite and derivatives, peat and derivatives, oil shale and oil sands, petroleum (crude oil) and petroleum products (such as LPG, refinery gas, motor spirit, kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil), natural gas, manufactured gases, derived heat, renewable energies (such as hydro power, wind energy, biomass, wastes, geothermal energy), electrical energy and nuclear power. Annual Installed Capacity Annual installed or new installed capacity of a given source refers to the capacity that entered into operation, over a one-year period. Autoproducer Thermal Power Stations Autoproducer thermal power stations are defined as undertakings which generate electricity wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. Available for Final Consumption (Energy) Energy available for final consumption covers the energy placed at the disposal of final users. This code is calculated as follows: gross inland consumption (B_100900) + transformation output (B_101100) – transformation input (B_101000) + exchanges, transfers, returns (B_101200) – consumption of the energy sector (B_101300) – distribution losses (B_101400). Biofuels Liquid or gaseous fuels used primarily for transport, produced from biomass, and wastes (p:5545). Liquid biofuels cover bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass), biodiesel (diesel produced from biomass or used fried oil), biomethanol, biodimethylether and bio-oil (a pyrolysis oil fuel produced from biomass). The code biofuels (p:5545), groups biogasoline (p:5546), biodiesel (p:5547), bio jet kerosene (p:5549) and other liquid biofuels (p:5548).

248

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Glossary

Appendices – Glossary

249

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Glossary

Biomass and RES Wastes Biomass and RES wastes (p:5540), covers organic, non-fossil material of biological origin, which may be used for heat production or electricity generation. They comprise wood and wood waste (p:5541), biogas (p:5542), municipal RES solid waste (p:55431), charcoal (p:5544) and biofuels (p:5545). The non-renewable part of municipal waste (p:55432) and the industrial waste (p:7100) are included in Wastes, non-RES (p:7200).

Cumulative Installed Capacity The running sum for consecutive periods of a given installed source. It indicates the total capacity availability in each of those periods.

Capacity Factor – Annual Average This is a measure of efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of actual energy output of a source against its annual maximum potential output, or in other words, against the energy it would produce if operated at full rated power for 24 hours per day during a year. It is equal to the total annual energy production, divided by the cumulative capacity converted to the average statistical year base.

Energy Available for Final Consumption Energy available for final consumption, (B_101500), covers the energy placed at the disposal of final users. This code is calculated as follows: gross inland consumption + transformation output – transformation input + exchanges, transfers, returns – consumption of the energy sector – distribution losses. It includes final non energy consumption, (B_101600).

Carbon Energy Intensity This is the average emission rate of CO 2 relative to the intensity of the energy activity. It is calculated, in the tables, in kg CO 2 emissions per ton of oil equivalent of energy used. Carbon GDP Intensity The average emission rate of CO2 emissions of an economy relative to its GDP. CHP – Combined Heat and Power A combined heat and power unit is an installation in which energy released from fuel combustion is partly used for generating electrical energy and partly for supplying heat for various purposes. The definition of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) or “cogeneration” implies that heat and electricity are produced simultaneously in one process. CO 2 Energy Intensity See Carbon Energy Intensity. Conventional Thermal Power This is a technology for the production of electricity by fuel combustion. It will include biomass use, which is also considered a renewable source of electricity. Thermal power stations cover conventional public utility power stations for the production of electricity and heat, as well as autoproducer power stations for the generation of electricity and heat sold to third parties only.

Electricity Mix The electricity mix is the proportion of different sources in electricity production. Where energy mix is measured at gross inland consumption level, electricity mix is measured at energy transformation level.

Energy Import Dependency Energy dependency shows the extent to which a country relies upon imports in order to meet its energy needs. It is calculated using the following formula: net imports (B_100300–B_100500) / (gross inland consumption (B_100900) +bunkers (B_100800)). Energy Intensity Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy is being used to produce added value. It is defined as the ratio of Gross Inland Consumption of energy (B_100900), to Gross Domestic Product. Energy Mix The energy mix is the proportion of different sources in energy production, supply side, at gross inland consumption level. Energy Sector Broad Definition This includes the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply sector as well as the energy commodities production activities, mining and extraction, support activities and manufacture of energy products. Energy Sector Narrow Definition This includes the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply sector.

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EUROBASE The Eurostat, web based, dissemination database contains the full range of publically available data from Eurostat. Final Energy Consumption (FEC) Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s door for all energy uses, (B_101700). It excludes deliveries to the energy transformation sector (B_101000…) and to the energy industries themselves (B_101300…). It is the sum of final energy consumption by industry (B_101800), transport (B_101900), household (B_102010), services (B_102035), agriculture/forestry (B_102030), fishing (B_102020) and other unspecified (B_102040). Final Energy Consumption – Transport Final energy consumption – transport, (B_101900), covers the consumption in all types of transportation, i.e., rail, road, air transport and inland navigation. Final Non-Energy Consumption (FNEC) Final non-energy consumption covers the use of energy products for non-energy purposes (B_101600). It is the sum of final non-energy consumption in the chemical industry, (B_101601) and in non-chemical industries (B_101602). Gases, Gaseous Fuels Gases covers fossil natural gas and derived gases, coke oven gas (p:4210), blast furnace gas (p:4220), gas work gas (p:4230), and oxygen steel furnace gas (p:4240). Gases (p:4000) is the sum of natural gas (p:4100) and derived gases (p:4200). GDP – Gross Domestic Product The gross domestic product is the value of the output of all goods and services produced within the borders of a country. The income measure of gross domestic product (GDP) is derived as compensation of employees plus gross operating surplus plus gross mixed incomes plus taxes less subsidies on both production and imports. GDP at Constant Market Prices GDP values used were referenced to the year 2005, in millions of euro, chain-linked volumes, at 2005 exchange rates.

Appendices – Glossary

251

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Glossary

GHG – Greenhouse Gas GHG includes gases that contribute to the natural greenhouse effect. The Kyoto Protocol covers a basket of six GHGs produced by human activities: Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride. Gross Calorific Value (GCV) The gross calorific value is the total amount of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature. This quantity includes the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. Gross Electricity Generation The gross electricity generation is measured at the outlet of the main transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and in transformers is included. Gross Electricity Generation Penetration Level Electricity penetration level refers to the fraction of gross electricity production of a source, compared with the total gross electricity generation, all sources. Gross Final Consumption of Energy Gross final consumption of energy means the energy commodities delivered for energy purposes, including the consumption of electricity and heat, by the energy branch for electricity and heat production including losses of electricity and heat in distribution. It excludes the final non energy use (FNEC). The gross (overall) final consumption of energy from renewable sources is calculated as the sum of: (a) gross final consumption of electricity from renewable energy sources; (b) gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources for heating and cooling; and (c) final consumption of energy from renewable sources in transport. Gross Heat Produced This is the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat exchanges, as well as heat from chemical processes used as primary energy form. Autoproducers’ heat used by the undertaking for its own processes is not included here. Only heat sold to third parties should be reported.

252

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Appendix 12

Glossary

Gross Inland Consumption (GIC) Gross inland consumption represents the quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration, (B_100900). It is calculated using the following formula: indigenous production (B_100100) + primary product receipts (B_100110) + recovered products from other sources (B_100200) + recycled products (B_100210) + imports (B_100300) + stock changes (B_100400) – exports (B_100500) – international marine bunkers (B_100800). Gross Installed (Electricity) Capacity Covers the gross installed electrical capacity of thermal, nuclear, hydro, geothermal, wind and any other types of power plants. Intermittent Energy An intermittent energy source is any source of energy that is not continuously available due to some factor outside direct control. Solar, Wind and Tide energy sources are considered intermittent. Due to Tide data disaggregation difficulties, tables only consider Solar and Wind energy sources. ISIC The International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities is a United Nations system for classifying economic activity data, in the fields of production, employment, gross domestic product and other statistical areas.

253

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Glossary

The data can be broken down along many dimensions including age, sex, educational attainment, and distinctions between permanent/temporary and full-time/part-time employment. In terms of employment, figures are more representative of the total sector, but unfortunately not so disaggregated as the SBS survey. Long Scale – Short Scale The long and short scales are two of several different large-number naming systems used for integer powers of ten. Many countries, including most in continental Europe, use the long scale whereas most English-speaking countries and Arabic-speaking countries use the short scale. In the long scale every new term greater than a million is a million times the previous term. Thus, billion means a million million, trillion means a million billion, and so on. In the short scale every new term greater than a million is 1 000 times the previous term. Thus, billion means a thousand million, trillion means a thousand billion.

Name million billion trillion

Long Scale Value in Scientific notation 106 1012 1018 to the next multiply by 1 000 000

Short Scale Value in Scientific notation 106 109 1012 to the next multiply by 1 000

Milliard is used in several languages that use the long scale to represent a value corresponding

ISG The Interinstitutional style guide is intended to serve as a reference tool for written works for all European Union institutions, bodies and organisations, representing an achievement in linguistic harmonisation.

to billions in short scale, i.e. 10 9.

Inhabitants The group of persons fulfilling the requirements for legal permanent residency in a region/country.

NACE NACE is the acronym used to designate the various statistical classifications of economic activities developed since 1970 in the European Union. It provides the framework for collecting and presenting a large range of statistical data according to economic activity in the fields of economic statistics (e.g. production, employment, national accounts) and in other statistical domains.

LFS The EU Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a large sample survey among private households which provides detailed annual and quarterly data on: Employment, Unemployment and Inactivity. The LFS is an important source of information about the situation and trends in the EU labour market, with a sample size being about 1.5 million people every quarter.

Net Calorific Value (NCV) The net calorific value is the amount of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature. This quantity does not include the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel or of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel.

254

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Glossary

Net Imports Net import is calculated as the difference between imports (B_100300) and exports (B_100500). Net Electricity Generation This is the amount of gross generation a generator produces less the electricity used to operate the plant. Petroleum and Products Petroleum and (petroleum) sub-products include crude oil (p:3105), natural gas liquids (p:3106), feedstocks (p:3190) and all petroleum subproducts such as LPG (p:3220), refinery gas (p:3210), motor gasoline (p:3234), aviation gasoline (p:3235), kerosene and jet fuels (p:3240), naphtha (p:3250), gas/diesel oil (p:3260), residual fuel oil (p:3270A), white spirit, lubricants, bitumen, petroleum coke (p:3280) and other petroleum products (p:3295). Petroleum and petroleum products (p:3000) is the sum of Crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, & other hydrocarbon (p:3100) and all petroleum sub-products (p:3200). Primary Energy Intensity Primary energy intensity corresponds to the Gross Inland consumption minus the energy included in the final non-energy consumption. Primary Energy Production – Indigenous production Any kind of extraction of energy products from natural sources to a usable form is called primary production. Primary production takes place when the natural sources are exploited, for example in coal mines, crude oil fields, hydro power plants or fabrication of biofuels. Transformation of energy from one form to another, such as electricity or heat generation in thermal power plants, or coke production in coke ovens, is not included in primary production. (B_100100) The precise definition depends on the fuel involved: > Solid fossil fuels: Hard coal, lignite, peat… Quantities of fuels extracted or produced, calculated after any operation for removal of inert matter. In general, production includes the quantities consumed by the producer during the production as well as any quantities supplied to other on-site producers of energy for transformation or other uses.

Appendices – Glossary

255

Appendix 12

Glossary

> Liquid fossil fuels: Petroleum and petroleum sub products Quantities of fuels extracted or produced within national boundaries, including off-shore production. Production includes only marketable production, and excludes any quantities returned to formation. Production includes all crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGL), condensates and oil from shale and tar sands, etc. > Gas fossil fuels: Natural gas and derived gas Quantities of dry gas, measured after purification and extraction of natural gas liquids and sulphur. The production includes only marketable production, and excludes any quantities re-injected, vented and flared, and any extraction losses. The production includes all quantities used within the natural gas industry, in gas extraction, pipeline systems and processing plants. > Nuclear heat Quantities of heat produced in a reactor. Production is the actual heat produced or the heat calculated on the basis of the gross electricity generated and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear plant. > Renewable energy Hydropower, Wind energy, Solar thermal, Solar photovoltaic energy… Quantities of electricity generated. Production is calculated on the basis of the gross electricity generated and a conversion factor of 3 600 kJ/kWh. > Geothermal energy Quantities of heat extracted from geothermal fluids. Production is calculated on the basis of the difference between the enthalpy of the fluid produced in the production borehole and that of the fluid disposed of via the re-injection borehole. > Biomass / Wastes In the case of municipal solid waste (MSW), wood, wood waste and other solid waste, production is the heat produced after combustion and corresponds to the heat content (NCV) of the fuel. In the case of anaerobic digestion of wet wastes, production is the heat content (NCV) of the biogases produced. The production includes all quantities of gas consumed in the installation for the fermentation processes, and excludes all quantities of flared gases. In the case of biofuels, the production is the heat content (NCV) of the fuel.

256

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Glossary

Pumping, pumped storage Method for storing electrical energy at hydroelectric installations by pumping water between reservoirs at different altitudes. Renewable Energy Sources (RES) See Primary Energy Production. Public Supply Thermal Power Stations These are defined as undertakings which generate electricity (and heat) for sale to third parties as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Solar Energy Solar radiation exploited for hot water production – solar thermal (p:5532) and electricity generation – solar photovoltaic (p:5534). This energy production (p:5530), is the heat available to the heat transfer medium, i.e. the incident solar energy less the optical and collectors’ losses. Solid Fuels Solid fuels cover solid fossil fuels such as hard coal (p:2111), coal patent fuels (p:2112), coke (p:2120), coal tar (p:2130), lignite (p:2210), browncoal briquettes and peat briquettes (p:2230) and peat (p:2310). Solid fuels (p:2000) is the sum of the codes hard coal & derivatives (p:2100) and lignite and derivatives (p:2200), oil shale and oil sands (p:2410). SBS Structural business statistics cover industry, construction, trade and services. Presented according to the NACE activity classification, they describe the structure, conduct and performance of businesses across the European Union. Tonne of Oil Equivalent (toe) The tonne of oil equivalent is a conventional standardised unit for measuring energy, defined on the basis of a tonne of oil with a net calorific value of 41 868 kilojoules/kg. TPES Total primary energy supply, an IEA definition, represents the quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration. It corresponds to EUROSTAT gross inland consumption. It is equal to the indigenous production + imports – exports -international marine bunkers +/- stock changes.

Appendices – Glossary

257

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Glossary

Transformation input This covers all inputs into the transformation plants destined to be converted into derived products, (B_101000). Transformation is only recorded when the energy products are physically or chemically modified to produce other energy products, electricity and/or heat. It is the sum of the Input to conventional thermal power stations (B_101001), Input to nuclear power stations (B_101002), Input to patent fuel & briquetting plants (B_101003), Input to coke-oven plants (B_101004), Input to blast furnace plants (B_101006), Input to gas-works (B_101007), Input to refineries (B_101008), and Input to district heating plants (B_101009). Transformation output This is the result of the transformation process of energy, (B_101100). This output covers derived products, namely: patent fuel, coke, brown-coal and peat briquettes, pitch, tar, benzol, refined petroleum products, derived gases, electricity from conventional thermal and nuclear power stations and derived heat. Transformation output refers always to gross production of derived products, i.e. the own consumption of the transformation plants is included. It is the sum of the Output from conventional thermal power stations (B_101101), Output from nuclear power stations (B_101102), Output from patent fuel & briquetting plants (B_101103), Output from coke-oven plants (B_101104), Output from blast furnace plants (B_101106), Output from gas-works (B_101107), Output from refineries (B_101108) and Output from district heating plants (B_101109). Transformation Losses The difference between transformation input and transformation output constitutes transformation losses. Turnover Turnover or Gross Premium Written comprises the totals invoiced by the observation unit during the reference period, and this corresponds to market sales of goods or services supplied to third parties. Unemployment Rate The unemployment rate represents unemployed persons as a percentage of the active population.

258

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Notes

Notes Appendix 13.1 1.1.1, 1.1.2, pages 10, 11 Energy production corresponds to the indigenous energy production (IEA methodology). It does not include production from other sources. Asia aggregation does not include China data. 1.1.2, 1.1.4, 1.1.6, 1.1.8, pages 11, 13, 15 and 17 Solid fuels include hard coal, lignite and peat, as well as derived fuels. Petroleum and (petroleum) sub-products comprises crude oil, NGL, feedstock, additives as well as other hydrocarbons. RES (renewables) is equal to the sum of hydro, geothermal, solar PV, solar thermal, tide, wind, municipal waste, primary solid biofuels, biogases, bio gasoline, biodiesel, other liquid biofuels, non-specified biofuels and charcoal energy. Industrial waste not included. 1.1.3, 1.1.4, pages 12, 13 Gross Inland Consumption, EUROSTAT methodology (see glossary), corresponds to the Total primary energy supply (see glossary TPES), of the IEA methodology. Asia aggregation does not include China data. 1.1.5, 1.1.6, pages 14, 15 Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s door for all energy uses. Asia aggregation does not include China data. 1.1.8, page 17 Total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat exchanges. However only autoproducers’ heat sold to third parties is included here. Autoproducers’ heat, used by the undertaking for their own processes, is excluded. 1.1.10, page 19 CO 2 Intensity refers to CO 2 emissions activity intensity, measured by its gross inland consumption of energy. 1.2.5, page 26 Natural gas, crude oil and solid fuels (p:4100, p:3105 and p:2000). 1.3.1, page 27 Overall RES share, measured against the total gross final energy consumption.

Appendices – Notes

259

Appendix 13

Notes

Appendix 13.2 2.1.1, pages 35-37 Production comprises primary production and products recovered from other sources, (B_100100 + B_100110 + B_100200 + B_100210). 2.1.2, pages 38-40 Net imports correspond to the total imports minus the total exports, (B_100300 – B_100500). 2.1.3, pages 41-44 Gross inland consumption represents the quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration, (B_100900). 2.2.1, pages 45-49 Solid fuels, (p:2000), cover solid fossil fuels such as hard coal, coal patent fuels, coke, coal tar, lignite, brown-coal briquettes, peat briquettes, peat and oil sands. Hard coal, (p:2111), comprises only coking coal and steam coal. 2.2.2, pages 50-54 Total Petroleum and sub-petroleum products, (p:3000), include crude oil (p:3105), natural gas liquids (p:3106), feedstock (p:3190) and all petroleum sub-products. Crude oil and NGL (p:3110) is a subgroup containing only crude oil (p:3105) and natural gas liquids (p:3106) codes. 2.2.3, pages 55-58 Gases, (p:4000), include natural gas (p:4100) and derived gases (p:4200). 2.2.5, pages 63-65 For products see former points 2.2.1 to 2.2.3. 2.3, pages 66-72 See, glossary energy import dependency, appendix 12. Please note that hard coal dependency is a part of the solid fuels‘ dependency, natural gas, of the gases’ dependency, and crude and NGL of the total petroleum and petroleum sub-products’ dependency. The total import dependency covers all fuels, and it is not a simple average of the afore-mentioned products. 2.5.1, page 79 Energy available for final consumption covers the energy placed at the disposal of final users. It includes final non-energy consumption. 2.5.2, pages 80-83 Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s door for all energy uses. It does not include final non-energy consumption. 2.5.3, page 84 Final non-energy consumption covers the use of energy products for nonenergy purposes.

260

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Notes

2.5.4, page 85 Primary energy intensity corresponds to the gross inland consumption minus the energy included in the final non-energy consumption, (B_100900-B_101600). 2.6.1, pages 86-88 Installed capacity represents the maximum active power that can be supplied, continuously, with all systems running. Please note that combustible fuels include not only fossil fuels, but also biomass and wastes, that are also included later, in the renewables installed capacity. 2.6.2, pages 89-93 The gross electricity generation is measured at the outlet of the main transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and in transformers is included. 2.7.1, pages 95-96 Intermittent energy only includes wind and solar energy. Tide is not included in the totals. The share of the intermittent energy is measured against the total installed capacity, all sources. 2.7.2-2.7.8, pages 97-105 Wind and solar energy generated by all producers. Annual installed capacity includes new installations and replacement of former wind or solar systems. 2.7.3, 2.7.4, pages 100-101 Gross electricity production wind share measures the percentage of wind produced electricity in the total production. Average capacity factor is the ratio of actual energy output of wind sources to its annual maximum potential output. It is equal to the total annual electricity production, divided by the cumulative capacity converted to an average statistical year base. 2.7.8, page 105 Gross electricity production solar share measures the percentage of solar produced electricity in the total production. 2.8, pages 106-108 The data collection for CHP generation is not based on the annual Heat survey, but instead on a specific survey in accordance with the Community Directive 2004/8/EC. Differences can appear between the two datasets, especially due to the more restrictive methodology employed in the CHP Directive. While the Directive includes the production of all heat, sold to third parties, under the Directive approach only heat/electricity meeting high-efficiency criteria, is considered. However own heat used by the undertaking for its own is included here.

Appendices â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Notes

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Notes

2.9, pages 109-111 Data is generated by the annual heat survey. Heat, in these tables, includes the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat exchanges, as well as heat from chemical processes used as primary energy form. Only heat sold to third parties is reported here. 2.10, pages 112-114 The tables include the total final energy consumption of petroleum products, and two of its main products: motor gasoline (p:3234), and gas diesel (p:3260), and the total final energy consumption of biofuels (p:5545), and its two main products: biogasoline (p:5546) and biodiesel (p:5547). 2.11.1, page 116 Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy is being used (GIC) to produce an added value (GDP). 2.11.4, page 118 Primary energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which primary energy is being used (GIC-FNEC) to produce an added value (GDP). 2.13, pages 123-129 All available price data has been used in the calculation of EU-wide fuel price averages. The overall EU price is an average of the prices in the individual countries weighted by their consumption.

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Notes

Petroleum Products Heating gasoil, low sulphur fuel oil, unleaded petrol and automotive diesel prices are supplied to the Energy DG by the Member States as they are the most frequently encountered for the specific categories of sales. The prices given are as of January 15th in each year. The heating gasoil prices given are for deliveries of between 2 000 and 5 000 litres while those for low sulphur fuel oil are for monthly deliveries of less than 2 000 tonnes or annual deliveries of less than 24 000 tonnes. The average pump prices are given for motor fuels. The EU average prices are calculated by weighting the prices from each country by the corresponding final energy consumption. Electricity and gas The legal basis for the collection of industrial gas and electricity prices is defined by EC Directive 2008/92/EC. The collection of prices includes national average prices of the last 6 months reported by different consumer bands. All taxes are included in the current prices. Consumption bands have been selected as the most representative for the exercise. Appendix 13.3 3.1.1, page 134 Energy activities sector in its broad and narrow definition (sector D35), as defined by EUROSTAT/NACE and UN/SIC nomenclatures. 3.2, pages 135-137 Data from the LFS survey. At employment level, this dataset presents larger figures than the SBS, due to the difference of methodology, and its sample size. 3.3, pages 138-149 Includes data on number of enterprises, turnover, and persons declared as employed, originating from the SBS survey which notably targets business enterprises. At employment level, this is more disaggregated but less complete than the LFS survey. 3.4, pages 150-154 Data is extracted from DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO database. Differences mainly due to data freshness, constant revisions and methodology can appear when comparing with Eurostat economic data.

Appendices – Notes

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Notes

Appendix 13.4 4.1.1, pages 158-162 GHG, greenhouse gases, are gases that contribute to the natural greenhouse effect. GHG emissions aggregate includes Fuel combustion emissions and other non-fuel linked emissions (Industrial processes, agriculture…). Fuel combustion emissions include combustion in Energy industries, Manufacturing Industries and construction, Transport, Commercial and Institutional, Residential, Agriculture, Forestry/Fisheries and other combustion and fugitive emissions. 4.1.2 pages 163-167 Structure of emissions similar to the GHG emissions. 4.2.2 page 169 Carbon GDP intensity is the average emission rate of CO2 relative to the total intensity of the economic activity, measured by its GDP. Appendix 13.5 For products see appendices 5-7 and glossary appendix 12. For indicators see appendices 2-4 and glossary appendix 12. For units see appendices 8-11.

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