NARRATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ARCHITECTURE IN SET DESIGN THROUGH WEBSERIES By Anupriya Shaji
A research dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture
School of Architecture and Planning Sharda University, Knowledge Park, Greater Noida India October 2020
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to Assistant Professor Ms. Neeti Thakur (Supervisor) for helping me throughout the dissertation and encouraging me at every step, so that I can enhance my caliber. I would like to express my earnest gratitude to SHARDA UNIVERSITY for giving me the opportunity to undertake this project.
Anupriya Shaji (2016009782) B.Arch. (2016-2021)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the NARRATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ARCHITECTURE IN SET DESIGN THROUGH WEBSERIES is an academic work done by Ms. ANUPRIYA SHAJI, 9th Semester submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelors of Architecture from SHARDA UNIVERSITY under my guidance & direction. To the best of my knowledge and belief the data & information presented by her in the project has not been submitted earlier.
Ms. Neeti Thakur (Supervisor)
CONTENTS
1. BACKGROUNDER 2. INTRODUCTION 3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 4. LITERATURE REVIEW 5. METHODOLOGY 6. CASE STUDY BASED ON THE NARRATIVE AND ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS OF WEB SERIES LA CASA DE PAPEL (MONEY HEIST) 6.1. Classification of Buildings and Set Designs Based on their Typology 6.2. Architectural and Narrative Analysis of the buildings classified on the basis of typology. 6.2.1. Neo Classical Architecture 6.2.2. Modern Architecture 6.2.3. Romanesque Architecture 6.2.4. Thai Architecture 6.3. Narrative Analysis of the set designs classified on the basis of typology. 6.3.1. Set-Designs Built in Studios 6.3.1.1. Francoist Architecture 6.3.1.2. Color Pallete 6.3.1.3. Lighting 6.3.1.4. Hierarchy Of Spaces 6.3.2. Set Designs in Real Locations 7. CONCLUSION 8. BIBLOGRAPHY
1. BACKGROUNDER Set design has been an important element in narration of film as a medium. Over a decade from the year 2007 to 2018 many researchers working in the field of architecture laid a special emphasis on the wake of set designing in film making and storytelling. Universities of Turkey, Waterloo, Princeton, Egypt, New Jersey and many more have highlighted the significance of architecture in film making taking into reference classic movies like Armageddon (1998), Batman Begin, Planet of Apes, The Day After Tomorrow, Two Weeks’ Notice, etc. Hence one can definitely coin that significance of architecture in the field of set designing has been explored to a great extent. However according to the statistics of Dynamic Logic Study findings reported that viewers watch more of web series as compared to television or other entertaining mediums. Over the top platforms are emerging as a popular medium of entertainment that even the advertising agencies are shifting their promotional activities for clients from traditional mediums to digital mediums like Netflix, Amazon Prime and so forth. Hence web series will be a new normal for the entertainment industry and it’s important to understand how the set designs play an important role in narration of web series. The aim of the study is to analyse whether the set design used in the web-series supports the narration of the story. The set design will be analysed based on the parameters of narrative namely: Plot, Character, Theme, Setting, Light and Colour; and on the architectural parameters namely: Architecture typology, Site context, Historical Significance, Interiors and the Space. The study will explore the new dimensions for architects keeping in mind the conventional elements of narration in the field of set designing in over the top platforms. 2. INTRODUCTION Set design is an important element for the narration of storyline in a movie, that’s why it is hard to imagine a movie taking place in a vacuum. Movies act as an influential communication instrument and entertainment media. They also act as a tool to escape the reality of monotonous daily routine. It often influences other platforms of art and media. Detailed and intricate designed sets can determine the ambience of the story and act as a great experience for the audience. The architecture shown in the movies triggers certain emotions in the audience which supports the storyline of the movie. Architecture brings out the artistic side to cinema as does cinema by influencing modern architecture and there is no limitation or end to what extent these art forms depend and influence each other. (Shethi, M.2019)i. Architecture always had an underlying influence on the designs of the sets of the movies. The more the set has details, the more it would have an impact on the audience. Alfred Hitchcock’s movies which were known for their horror and suspense genre made extensive use of sets to create spaces to generate these emotions. Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau's The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920) and Robert Wiene's Nosferatu (1922) are works in which spaces and environments present a fantastic architecture suspended between dreaming and reality. Nosferatu's scenography replicates architecture that is realistic, however, the film's narrative changes these spaces to a dreamlike atmosphere. (Baratto, R. 2017)ii Even the movies depicting mayhem and destruction of the post-apocalyptic times, need believable structures to be turned into ruins or to be shown in a state of complete dis- integration
Like the iconic structures symbolizing the cities they are located like the “Millenium Bridge” or the “Eiffel tower” are shown getting destroyed in the movies “Harry Potter and the HalfBlood Prince” and “G.I. Joe:The Rise of Cobra” respectively, establishes the importance of architectural elements in movies. Sci-fi movies which are known for state-of-the-art set design takes us a few decades into the future where the design has ingrained itself into the audience’s subconsciousness as a typology of what futuristic architecture looks like. (Haridy, R. 2018)iii Set design is freed from the constraints of practical functions, constructive technology and costs which gained it artistic advantage over the actual architectural designs of remarkable buildings. It brings out the authenticity and believable factor needed by the director to make his film as close to the story and setting as possible. TV series also use set designs in ways to narrate their story and to relate with the character development. Though detailed and intricate set designing is not done since they have budget limitation because a series consists of episodes unlike movies, so set designs with permanence in nature are used like the set design of the sit coms - “ Friends”, “ The Big Bang Theory”, etc. had same set for around 10-12 years. Some of the series like fantasy based series like “Game of Thrones” are emphasizing more on the set design to connect people with the story since it is fantasy based so forts and palaces are used to interpret the stories of the characters. With the advancements in technology, new mediums of entertainment are emerging - Web series being one of them. Though it first emerged in the 1990s but they lacked popularity then. Now with the availability of data at cheap rates and emerging Over The Top platforms have become popular and in demand. According to the statistics of Dynamic Logic Study findings reported that viewers watch more of web series as compared to television or other entertaining mediums. Even the advertising agencies are shifting their promotional activities for clients from traditional mediums to digital mediums like Netflix, Amazon Prime and so forth. Web series are similar to the television series both including a number of episodes to narrate the story but the difference lies in the financial investment required to start and maintain each one. The budget of the television series is much larger compared to the web series since it involves various factors like actors and media companies. TV shows are controlled by the network and broadcasting time-lines with certain time slots and time limits whereas web series have the freedom in terms of the duration and can be watched irrespective of any time slots which makes it more viable and available option as source of entertainment for the working class people. Hence web series will be a new normal for the entertainment industry and it’s important to understand how the set designs play an important role in narration of web series. This study is important because including a story in a building creates a level of meaning and connection to the user that can be engaging and provoking. The ability of a space to have such impact on the observer to learn something beyond the obvious causes, tend to remain with them rather than pass by. Changing narratives of spaces has the power to change perceptions of our environment, without any changes in the physical structure. As new narratives have the power to transform architecture on its own, it becomes extremely important to understand how different ways of representing architecture can shape its future.
3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to analyse whether the architectural buildings and set design used in the latest web-series supports the narration of the story. It will be analysed on the parameters of narrative namely: Plot, Character, Theme, Setting, Light and Colour; and on the architectural parameters namely: Architecture typology, Site context, Historical Significance, Interiors and the Space. To study this, case study of the popular web series – ‘Money Heist’ is analysed on the basis of narrative and architectural parameters. 4. LITERATURE REVIEW This research took into consideration several research papers and theses to understand the parameters and their co- relation with each other, which were used to support the narrative of the movies. In the thesis titled “Transformation of Meaning of Architectural Space in Cinema: The Cases of Gattaca and Truman Show” (Kutucu, S.2005)iv studied in his paper published by the Izmir institute of technology, the transformation of meanings of architectural space in the cinema. To study this, case study of two movies “Gattaca” and “Truman show” were analysed. A comparative study between architectural space and cinematic space was done to analyse the movies. In this study parameters were defined on the basis of architectural space and cinematic space. Cinematic instruments like storyline, theme, character, settings, light and colour and architectural factors like typology, type of spaces, context of the building and interiors were used to analyse the movie. Paranoid science - fiction drama “Gattaca” was about a dystopian future, a world ruled by science where humans were selectively divided on the basis of their genes. The monotonous setting of this world was clearly depicted throughout the movie. The director crafted all the spaces with shadow-less light, expressionless characters, monochrome scenes shot indoors to create a claustrophobic atmosphere, and the story with a cool, sophisticated elegance. Minimalist interiors, modernist buildings, emphasizing clean lines and open spaces in the movie to depict the distant future and the monotonous lifestyle of the people. The movie used F.L.Wright’s building as the focal point to give the audience a feel that this future is not very distant. Clear segregation among different classes was shown through various instances like the stairs functioned not only as links between floors but also as a boundary for separating the social classes. The next movie which was studied was “Truman show” which was about Truman whose life was shot and telecasted from the time he was born. The setting used were all real places and outdoor locations to get a more realistic approach rather than a stage show. It was shot in a new urbanist city with neo Victorian houses which supported the fact that Truman’s life is the ideal lifestyle, as everything was available within a walking distance. Truman was bound to live in this fake paradise so several places and elements acted as metaphors which would act as boundaries which he was not supposed to cross, like the bridge or the sea. The limitation of this study is it does not intend to analyse the whole aspects of film in a filmic point of view. Instead it aims to analyse and expose the meaning changes in cinema films in respect to the architect's point of view. It stated that further studies can be made on architectural spaces that take place in cinema films according to the genre, ideology and author of the case films. In conclusion it was stated that both the fields of architecture and cinema are interrelated with each other and knowledge of multi–disciplinary fields would be helpful in the creation and presentation of spaces for architects.
Research paper
Cinematic instruments
Transformation of Meaning Storyline of Architectural Space in Cinema: The Cases of Theme Gattaca and Truman Show Character Settings
Architectural space Site context Typology Type of spaces Interiors
Light and color Table 1. Shows the parameters of Transformation of Meaning of Architectural Space in Cinema: The Cases of Gattaca and Truman Show
A thesis was done on “Building Fiction: The Architecture of Narrative in Harry Potter” (Young, H. 2015)v which was published by the University of Waterloo. Objective of this thesis was to investigate how storytellers overlap the real and fictional architectural environments in order to support the narrative and to have an immersive impact on the audience. To explore this thorough case study was done on the “Harry Potter” series. The study analyzed the narrative and architectural typologies, physical settings and fictional spaces used to connect the viewer to the narrative’s imaginary world. It studies how real architecture can be framed to tell fictional stories that connect with the viewers. Relatable architecture typologies like cathedrals, churches, forts and palaces tend to generate feelings of grandiose and mystery were used in different ways to support the story. Mostly Gothic architecture was used throughout the series. It suggested that architects can use these strategies for an inclusive approach to sensory stimulation providing much more immersive and empathetic architectural experience to the user inhabiting the space. Research paper
Narrative Typologies
Building Fiction: The Children's literature Architecture of Narrative in School story Harry Potter
Architecture Typologies Suburbia Medieval castles
Fantasy fiction
Hidden spaces
Mystery fiction
Boarding school
Mythology & etymology Table 2: Shows the parameters of Building Fiction: The Architecture of Narrative in Harry Potter
In the thesis “Architecture in Fiction” (Kanpillewar, R.2019)vi, published by the University of Westminster, it stated that how art is lacking in architecture, how the urban landscapes are now just huge unimaginative blocks of glass and concrete lacking the significance of time, place and people of the city. Qualitative approach was taken to analyse this. It was a study about how architecture in fiction movies persuade its audience with its effective storytelling and communication ways and how this can be used by architects in practice. For this, case studies of two most popular speculative fiction movies were done: “Black Panther” and “Thor: Ragnarok”. The case studies were done by seeking answers to the questions through architectural interpretation of what is being signified, how it is conveyed and why they were
conveyed with relevance to reality. The parameters on which the movies analysed were character of the urban landscape, valorising the historical factor, co- relation with the real architecture, the people and how fantasy acts as an escape and means for inspiring to build the impossible. Afro- futuristic movie “Black Panther’s” fictional architecture was inspired from the history of the African culture which was combined with Brutalist architecture to imbibe the notion of being a futuristic city. The characters, the streetscape, the palaces and the courts all had elements with relation to African ethnicity. Real architecture for people to relate, like Buckingham palace was the inspiration behind the palace in the movie. In the movie “Thor: Ragnarok” which is set in a mythical kingdom, ancient yet extremely advanced had structures with curvilinear forms, shape variation, volumetric details along with organic and industrial inferences, use of stone, copper and gold, scale and proportion used to achieve grandiosity. Design inspired by the Gothic, Romanesque and Roman architecture can be seen for relating it with the audience. Research paper
Naturalization of the estranged
Architecture in fiction
Character of the urban landscapes Valorizing history Building the new along the old The people Alternate utopia Absence & its reflection in fantasy
Table 3: Shows the parameters used in Architecture in fiction
In this thesis “Film + Architecture” (Gonzalez, K.2008) vii , published by the University of Florida, dependence of both the fields on each other was studied. How movies provide a dynamic space for architectural visualizations, opportunities to experiment with spaces without physically constructing it. To study this, five parameters were defined: mood, frame, backdrop, character and itinerary which is common to both the filmic space and architectural space. Case study on “Metropolis” movie was analysed to identify these effects on architecture, it was analysed by studying the film as generator, dialogue and medium of these five effects. Use of backdrop and mood in an architectural space helps to generate the storyline of the movie. Characters with their expressions and costumes set the theme of the scenes. The architecture typology is an important factor for setting the film dialogue. The movie Metropolis is set in a futuristic world which was shot way before its time. It was important for the director to show a dystopian world even with the lack of technologies like now. He used methods like adjusting the camera angles to show distorted views to generate feelings of anxiety and confusion, using the existing skyscrapers in ways to show them way ahead of its time. The people were divided into two classes, the elites and the working class and this distinction can be seen in the urbanscape and interiors. Elites working from glass clad offices looking over the city below them and the working class living below them on the streets and cramped spaces.
Research paper
Characteristics of film
Film + Architecture
Backdrop Mood Frame Character Itinerary
Table 4. Shows the parameters used in Film + Architecture
In this dissertation “A Parallele between Cinema and Architecture” (Garg, A.2014) viii published by IP University. Fields of cinema and architecture are distant and dynamic arts, still dependence between the two gives life to each other. In this research, a comparative and comprehensive study was done between architecture and films to study the design process and how they are related and how they influence each other. The analysis was done on the basis of the conceptual elements in architectural design and the narratives of the film-making. To analyze the concept, space and time, movies of different themes were selected and detailed analysis on one of the themes was done. The theme selected to analyse was rural India and three movies were selected of different eras based on their popularity. Comparative analysis was done to see how built and open spaces in rural India were shown in the movies to support the story and how architecture is important in defining the space and time on screen. The movies selected were Mother India, Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge and Lagaan. Usage of open spaces like panchayats and spaces where fairs were held acted as community spaces which were pivotal spaces for the storyline. Built structures like havellis and kothis to represent the elite class and kachcha houses with mud and bamboo to represent the farmers and the laborers. The limitation of this study was it could have explored more on the architectural elements like the typology and design elements. Research paper
Elements of architectural Elements of film-making design
A Parallele between Cinema Open/ inbuilt environment and Architecture Built environment Iconic buildings
Character Space and time Relations Cause and effect Development patterns
Table 5: Shows the parameters used in A Parallele between Cinema and Architecture
In the research paper “Reconstruction of Architectural Image in Science Fiction Cinema: Case study on New York” (Haciomeroglu, N.2008) ix published by the Middle East Technical university, the objective of this paper was to explore the fictional and representative power of architecture through science fiction cinema. The study is intended to represent architectural image through the cities in the movies and the architectural components in the science fiction movies. Twenty – four movies shot in or inspired by New York City were taken for case study. The analysis was divided into four groups based on the relation with cinema/architecture and it was done with architectural images from the movies. First it was analysed from the point of City as an image where city acted as an icon, collection of landmarks or as medium of communication. New York City and skyscrapers, structures were used as symbolism elements rather than just a metropolitan city, like apocalypse movies showed destruction of famous icons like Statue of liberty to show the end of the society. The second was based on different types of scales like the City scale, Human scale versus Beast scale, Human Scale versus Architectural Scale versus Urban Scale, Crowd Scale: Humans, Machines and Buildings. It basically analysed the interaction of humans with the buildings and its surroundings and how they were represented in movies to support the narrative. The third was based on corporeal experiences which took verticality and city as background into consideration. The vertical structures led to lack of street spaces and community gathering and the city used as background to represent various sociological and cultural characteristics. The last one was the movement in the city which led to provisions for parking lots in the urban design because of increased cars and machines. Thus New York as a city was represented in various abstract ways to support the storyline of the story. This research was limited to just science fiction movies and the city New York. Research paper
City as an image
City scale
Corporeal experiences
Reconstruction of City as icon Human scale vs Verticality Architectural Image beast scale in Science Fiction Cinema: Case study City as collection of Human scale vs Groundless city landmarks architectural scale on New York vs urban scale City as medium of Crowd scale communication
City as background
Table 6: Represents the parameters used in Reconstruction of Architectural Image in Science Fiction Cinema: Case study on New York
“Cinema in Architecture: A Synergism” (B, Preetika.2015)x, thesis published by the Anna University, states that Film & Architecture juxtapose each other in various ways. This study was aimed to understand the multi – threaded relationship between the two fields of cinema and architecture. It attempted to develop a synergy between the cinematic narratives and architectural narratives. To experiment this case studies were done based on three categories – Architecture in Cinema, Cinema in Architecture, Architecture and Cinema. To study architecture in cinema, suspense and horror genre movies were selected like “The Hitchcockian
movies” and “The Shining”. Architectural spaces like the attics, basements, and confined spaces, isolated corridors are portrayed in cinemas the way they tend to build up the suspense in the movie because of their general perception in the minds of the viewers. To create illusions, symmetry is used in the design of the interiors to absorb the viewer into the space. To study cinema in architecture, case study of Parc De La Villette by Bernard Tschumi was analysed, like a series of unique conceptual gardens are lined in the park acting as different scenes of the movie each generating different emotions. In cinema and architecture, syntaxes “Screenplays” and “Manhattan Transcripts” developed by Bernard Tschumi were analysed. Both the syntaxes were written which would act as a bridge between both the fields by using montages to develop architectural projections and expressions or by redefining notations of movements, events and time in space. Research paper
Parameters
Cinema in architecture: a synergism
Architecture in cinema Cinema in architecture Architecture and cinema
Table 7: Represents the parameters used in Cinema in architecture: a synergism
In the thesis “Production Design in the Film and Television Space: An Analysis” (Ryan, K. 2019)xi, published by the university Loyola Marymount and Loyola Law School, study was done on the history and methodology of production design and art direction in general. Analysis of production design used in films and TV shows were analysed to see the difference in both the mediums. Production design is done on the basis of the tone, mood, colour palette, genre, storyline and more. Analysis of the set design of both the mediums led to the conclusion that films require more detailed set which is both time extensive and budget is comparatively high whereas TV show sets have character of permanence and are low budget like in the series “Friends” or “Big Bang Theory”. Though TV series are becoming more popular, more efforts are put in now for designing the sets like in “Game of Thrones”. Research paper
Factors involved
Production Design in the Film and television Storyline space: An Analysis Theme Genre Colour palette Time constraints Budget Table 8: Represents the parameters used in Production Design in the Film and television space: An Analysis
In the research paper “Modern architecture and cinema: an assessment through iconic buildings” (Erbay, M.2013)xii, published by the Kardinez Technical University, seven modern architecture buildings were analysed through 26 movies to see how these buildings were used as icons to contribute to the image of cities. The study was done to understand the purpose and preference of the buildings used in the movies. The buildings which were analysed are: “Chrysler building”, “Empire State building”, “Guggenheim museum” (New York), “World Trade Centre”, “Walt Disney Concert Hall”, “30st Mary Axe” and “Burj Khalifa”. The buildings were chosen on the basis of their popular use in the movies, the period when modern architecture was booming and buildings designed by iconic architects. The buildings were analysed on certain parameters like: historical context of the building, its place and significance in the modern architecture era and its usage and significance in the cinema were analysed through the scenes. As these buildings represent the cities where they belong to so movies with disaster scenes showed these buildings getting ruined or destroyed to represent the extinction of society. Movies with superheroes often used these buildings as backdrop or as focus points because of their tall structure or were represented as financial symbols, these skyscrapers were also used to tell romantic tales in the movies like the Empire State Building was symbolised as a romantic icon. This study was limited to the modern architecture style, further study could be done on other architectural styles. Research paper
Selection of buildings
Analysis
Modern architecture and Characteristics of the period Site context cinema: an assessment they were built in through iconic buildings Designed by iconic Historical significance architects Act as icons for the cities
Usage in movies
Table 9: Represents the parameters used in Modern architecture and cinema: an assessment through iconic buildings
In the research paper titled “Significance of future architecture in Science Fiction Films” (Dewidar, K; Abohela, I; Gohary, A. 2007)xiii published by The British University in Egypt studied how aspects of future architecture is used by directors as a communication tool to send certain messages to the audience. This study analysed science fiction movies in which architecture played an important role. It is analysed through two parameters – the signifiers (physical states of signs) and the signified (thoughts, ideas which they embody). The movies which were analysed are: “Metropolis”, “Blade runner”, “Star Wars”, “The Fifth Element”, “Minority Report” and “Equilibrium”. A comparative study was done on the architectural signifiers used and what message they conveyed in the movies. Architectural signifiers included the typology of architecture, the scale, the geometric forms, and the context (landscape, interiors transportation system). The message they conveyed supported the possible dystopian future making it believable for the audience. The study concluded by stating that films and architecture are dependent on each other, the former being more dependent on the latter. By understanding this relationship we can enhance our abilities to communicate our complex ideas and visions more effectively.
Research paper
Architectural Signifiers
Significance of future architecture Building typology in Science Fiction Films Site context and history Landscape urbanscape
Narratives Signified Storyline Thoughts
and Characters
Transportation
Theme
Scale
Development patterns
Table 10: Represents the parameters used in Significance of future architecture in Science Fiction Films
After going through all the studies, it was found out that the majority of them dealt with movies and not much study was done on the web series even though web series are currently the new emerging entertainment media. The other limitation which was found in most of them was that they took a particular architectural style like modern or futuristic architecture to conduct their study or took a particular movie genre to prove their study. 5. METHODOLOGY The study is intended to explore how the narratives through architectural spaces support the storyline of the selected series. It is to understand how storytellers connect real and fictional environments in order to support their story and engage the audience with it as the story goes on. This study is important because spaces which tell a story creates a level of meaning and connection to the user that can be engaging and provoking, which can be used by architects in their profession to create spaces which tell a story and connect with the clients. The research design used for the study is a case study using a qualitative approach. The research method selected was based on narrative analysis and architectural analysis of the popular web Spanish series –‘La Casa De Papel’ also known as ‘Money Heist’. Qualitative approach is used for the case study since it is going to be a descriptive study to analyse in depth all the parameters and to understand how they support the story through its course. For doing this study, all the architectural spaces and buildings would be analysed based on their site context, typology, historical significance, space and interiors. Following this, these buildings would be analysed on the parameters of the narrative like the plot, theme, character, setting, light and colour to see if these architectural spaces are used in such a way to support the storyline and if it succeeded in creating an impact on the audience. La Casa De Papel is a Spanish crime/thriller drama series also goes by the name ‘Money Heist’ in English. It is the most watched non-English series on the Netflix platform which is streamed globally. It is the third most popular show in IMDB. Even with the language barrier it still managed to connect with the people all around the world, with its action, suspense, and inventive storyline. The story is about eight thieves who take hostages and lock themselves in the Royal mint of Spain to pull off the biggest heist in recorded history -- to print billions of euros in the Royal Mint of Spain. They follow the directions from a criminal mastermind who manipulates the police to carry out his plan. The reason for this series to be extremely popular
among people is that it showed resistance against the establishment/system. As the creator of the series also stated that “the idea of rising against the system is ingrained in the series''. (Singh, R. 2020xiv).This web series is taken for study because of its huge popularity and it connects with a wider audience base. 5.1. PARAMETERS USED FOR THE NARRATIVE AND ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS Narrative Plot: Refers to the storyline of the text. It is the sequence of events in the story or drama. Tells about the pivotal points which have consequences within the story. (Literary Terms. 2015)xv
Architectural Typology: Classification of the types of architecture according to their common characteristics. It helps identifying and categorizing buildings into different groups of forms.
Theme: Central idea, topic, or point of a story, essay, or narrative is the underlying idea an author is trying to convey to an audience. (Literary Terms. 2015)xvi
Site Context: It refers to the state which a particular site or project is in, and to which it should relate and connect to in some way. The buildings and structures are conceived and designed in order to respond to, support and enhance their surroundings.
Character: A person, animal, being, creature, or thing inside the story. Writers use characters narrate their story by along the plot line. A story can have major and minor characters.(Literary Terms. 2015)xvii
Historical Significance: Old structures are helpful in order to understand the history that occurred before and promotes the respect for those who lived in prior times and different traditions. Historical buildings bring character and charm to the neighbourhood that people live in. (Ierek. 2016)xviii
Setting: The time and place (or when and where) of the story. The setting may also include the surroundings of the story, which can be made up of the physical location, climate, weather, or social and cultural surroundings. (Literary Terms. 2015)xix
Interiors: It is the art and science of enhancing the interior of a space to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the space. Detailed with more intimately scaled aspects of design, the specific aesthetic, functional, and psychological questions involved, and the individual character of spaces. (Savage, G. 2019)xx.
Light & Colour: Colours can amplify the emotions conveyed in a film. To make the images colourful, dynamic, and beautiful. It facilitates visual storytelling.(De Ruvo, J.2019)xxi
Space: It is the air between objects, the nothingness. It can be perceived because of the existence of light, the qualities of masses around the space Space is anywhere, both in and outside of buildings and it is formed by all objects
Lighting is fundamental to film because it creates a visual mood, atmosphere, and sense of meaning for the audience. It tells the audience where to look. It reflects the psychology of characters. It also defines and supports the genre of the film. (Lynch, D. 2020).xxii
whether man-made of not. Conventions of creating space and conceptions of it vary greatly from culture to another. (Your Own Architect)xxiii
5.1.1. Table represents the narrative and architectural parameters used for the case study on web series La Casa De Papel
6. CASE STUDY BASED ON THE NARRATIVE AND ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS OF WEB SERIES LA CASA DE PAPEL (MONEY HEIST)
Plot of the web series
The series comprises of four seasons currently. The first two seasons revolves around eight skilled criminals who take orders from a criminal mastermind known as The Professor, in order to pull off the biggest heist: to print billions of euros in the Royal Mint of Spain. They lock themselves in the Mint and take hostages as part of their plan to escape from the Mint. They follow the Professor’s order while he manipulates the police to follow his directions in order to buy more time for printing the money. The next two seasons involves the surviving robbers who were in hiding coming together to rescue one of their inmate and stealing tons of gold from the Bank of Spain. (Trendvill. 2020xxiv)
Theme of the web series
The central idea underlying around the heist was it showed resistance against the establishment/system. As the creator of the series also stated that “the idea of rising against the system is ingrained in the series''. Putting forward this idea among the people and the backgrounds of the robbers made them sympathize with the robbers which was essential for the success of the heist. The Italian anti – fascist song “Bella Ciao” and the Salvador Dali mask which was used extensively throughout the series became a symbol for protests worldwide. The series creator wanted the series to be more of action thriller and surrealism themed rather than the conventional heist stories. (Trendvill. 2020xxv) 6.1. CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS AND SET DESIGNS BASED ON THEIR TYPOLOGY Classification of buildings on the basis of their typology: 1. Neo-Classical Architecture 2. Modern Architecture 3. Romanesque Architecture 4. Thai Architecture Classification of set designs on the basis of their typology: 1. Real Locations 2. Sets Built in Studios Francoist Architecture Color Palette Lighting Hierarchy of Spaces
6.2. ARCHITECTURAL AND NAARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE BUILDINGS CLASSIFIED ON THE BASIS OF TYPOLOGY 6.2.1. NEO-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Real
Reel
Source: Madridiario
Source: Klook
Picture 1: Shows Fabrica National De Moneday Timbre
Picture 2: Shows Spain National Research Council
Architectural parameters for the analysis of the buildings: Historical Significance: Fabrica National De Moneday Timbre is the royal mint of Spain where banknotes are printed and coins are stamped. It is a public corporation managed by the Economic Ministry of Spain. Dated back to 1893, it is a neo – classical structure with its pillared facade. It is not accessible to the public for security reasons. It is located in the Ibiza neighbourhood in Madrid, situated around the corner of narrow busy streets of Calle Jorge Juan and Calle Doctor Esquerdo. (Movie Locations. 2017xxvi) Site Context: The main focus of the series for its two seasons was this building also known as the Royal Mint of Spain. Though shooting there was not possible because of its security reasons and its location in a narrow street corner where space for shooting was not enough. So a substitute was chosen to shoot the exteriors of the building: Spain National research council. (Madrid. 2020)xxvii Historical Significance: Spain National Research Council is a government run science research institute. This building was chosen because of its grandeur and its exterior mimicked the real building. It is located at Calle De Serrano 117 and dates back to the 1930s. It promotes scientific research and technological progress. It is restricted to public and closed to any kind of traffic nearby, making it a place to shoot without any disruption. Site Context: This building was chosen because of its striking resemblance to the original building with its pillared entrance and neo classical atmosphere. Entrance to the building is through a green courtyard which makes it ideal for shooting action scenes without cutting streets or redirecting traffic. (Congreso. 2009)xxviii
Narrative parameters for the analysis of buildings: Spain National Research Council Architectural Element: Façade, Green Lawns, Site settings and columns of the building The grand pillars of the building on which the building rested was used in different contexts to tell narrate the story. To mark the beginning of the heist the façade of the building is shown in its grandeur to depict that it will play major part of it for both the seasons. This building designed in neo classical era like most of the government buildings of Spain was used as symbol to represent the administration of Spain. The building is isolated and is lush with large green lawns making the building less secure like shown in several scenes it is deserted even during the daytime making the heist easier to achieve. This was also one of the reason for shooting in this particular building. Other reason it was spacious enough to shoot the action sequences compared to the original building. The pillars which acted as a security barrier to the building, it was used in the series as shields for the robbers to implying that they are the “robinhoods” who are using the system to fight against the system with building being represented as the system metaphorically. Narrative Parameters: Plot, Theme & Setting
Picture 3: Shows Euros flying in front of the Building, marking the beginning of the Heist
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 4: Shows Robbers hiding behind the pillars to cover while entering the building.
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 5: Shows large courtyards and lawns in front of the building making space for the police vehicles compared to the original building which lacked the space
Source: Money Heist Series
Real
Reel
Source: Centralbanking
Source: Klook
Picture 6: Shows The National Reserve Bank of Spain
Picture 7: Shows The Ministry of Public Works and Transport
Architectural parameters for the analysis of the buildings: Historical Significance: The National Reserve Bank of Spain, is the national central bank of Spain. It was established in Madrid on 1782 by Carlos III is one of the fine examples of 19th century Spanish architecture. An eclectic building covered with decorative elements complimented by the French style doors and grill work. The facades meet at the chambered corner consisting the main entrance with sober plinths to heighten the building. (Madrid. 2020)xxix Ministry of Public Works and Transport is part of one of the series of 1930s-40s built government buildings on Paseo De la Castellana. The complex has large central area with large courtyards, water features around which departments are set up along with a large arcade that runs along the Paseo De la Castelana one of the characteristic feature of the building. (Madrid. 2020)xxx Narrative parameters for the analysis of buildings: Ministry of Public Works and Transport 1. Architectural Element: Arcaded Entrance This building designed in neo classical style had an entrance arcade one of the characteristic feature of the building was used in different settings throughout the series. This arcaded entrance with its tall height and heavy structure made of stone like the earlier government buildings of Spain had high ceiling height. This entrance acted as passage before entering the main building. This was like a security screen to the building entrance to make it more secure and yet open to people. This played an important role in the series since it was used to create the dramatic effect to mark the heist, it was used as shields by both the security forces and robbers because of its heavy structure and it also acted as passage to rescue people. Narrative Parameters: Plot, Theme and Setting
Picture 8: Shows series of blasts along the arcade of the bank to create dramatic effect
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 9: Shows people escaping from the bank through the arcaded passage
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 10: Shows the security forces taking cover using the arcade
Source: Money Heist Series
2. Architectural Element: Balconies The balconies in the building were just like towers in the forts which looked over the enemy troops coming to attack. It acted for ventilation being a government building windows were limited for security reasons. Just like the viewing towers it was used by the robbers to see the attacks coming in or to attack them since the balconies were at a height in the building and used it to their advantage. Narrative Parameters: Plot and Setting
Picture 11 & 12: Shows the hostages on the balcony of the bank to attack
Source: Money Heist Series
3. Architectural Element: Facade The façade was used to symbolise various things like the building stood for the administration of Spain. The building with its arcaded entrance and grand structure symbolised the administration to imply this it was used in scenes where they have to show the defeat of the government. It was also symbolised as a weapon used by the robbers to attack the administration. Since it was an government building it had traces of earlier architecture of Spain specifically the Neo classical era with its plain façade and stone structure. Narrative Parameter: Setting, Character
Picture 13: Shows the air force retreating from attacking the robbers inside the bank
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 14: Shows the heavy armoured vehicle blown away in front of the bank
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 15: Shows the Rio addressing the crowd and the media in front of the bank celebrating the defeat of the administration of Spain
Source: Money Heist Series
Source: FlorenceItaly Picture 16: Shows The Piazzale Michelangelo (Michelangelo Square), Italy
Architectural parameters for the analysis of the buildings: Historical Significance: Piazzale Michelangelo (Michelangelo Square) is one of the famous viewpoints in Florence. Panoramic view of Florence, Italy, can be seen from the square, located in the Oltrarno district of the city. Designed by architect Giuseppe Poggi and built in 1869 on a hill just south of the historic center, during the redevelopment of Oltrarno. It is dedicated to the great Renaissance artist Michelangelo, has copies of some of his famous works in Florence: the David and the four allegories of the Medici Chapel of San Lorenzo. (Florence Museum)xxxi Narrative parameters for the analysis of buildings Architectural Element: Aerial View of the city and the sculpture The confrontation between the brothers take place on the Michelangelo square looking over the Florence city which gave many artists and sculptors. Michelangelo Square designed by Giuseppe Poggi with the sculpture of David made by famous Michelangelo who is known for his immense love for his artwork that even after his death he thought about what would happen to his artworks since they are masterpieces. The makers used his example to tell more about the character Berlin, his dedication towards the heist who was also being art lover with his art being planning the heists. Narrative Parameters: Character & Setting
Source: Money Heist Series Picture 17: Shows Berlin and Professor looking over Florence City.
Picture 18: Shows Berlin citing the example of Michelangelo through his work David
6.2.2. MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Source: Eurostarhoteles Picture 19: Shows The Four Towers, Madrid
Source: Travel.earth Picture 20: The Callao Square, Gran Vía, Madrid
Architectural parameters for the analysis of the buildings: Historical Significance: The Callao Square also known as the Times Square of Spain. It was opened in 1866 in remembrance of the battle between the Spanish naval forces and Peruvian army. To make it more public friendly it was reformed with the removal of structures and addition of urban furnitures and big screens on surrounding buildings to make it a modernised grand public space. Site Context: It has world famous departmental stores, the famous Callao cinemas making it one of the important central squares of Madrid. It is one of the most crowded and bustling locations in Spain. (Allmyview. 2020)xxxii Historical Significance: Cuatro Torres Business Area also known as the “Four Towers” constitute of four skyscrapers in the business district built on the grounds of the old Real Madrid sports complex. This area has the tallest skyscrapers in Spain, and some of the highest in the European Union. The four towers are the Foster tower, the PWC tower, Torre Cristal and Torres Espacio. It makes up the landscape of Madrid’s business area. The construction of these buildings was finished in 2008. (Madrid. 2020)xxxiii
Narrative parameters for the analysis of buildings Architectural Element: Aerial view of the building and the square The Four Towers designed in modern architecture stands for the economic capital of the city. It stands tall towering over the rest of the city. It was used to symbolise the collapse of the economy of the state because of the heist by showering money over the city through zeppelins flying around the towers. The Callao Square which is a famous and crowded square during the daytime, being a popular square it reached larger span of people. Creating a chaos by showering money or hacking the screens of the square, in a square which was centrally located in the city would cause traffic since it is connected to other places thus attracting attention of the administration which was the intent and the makers chose this square for the audience to easily relate with it. Narrative Parameters: Plot, Theme & Setting
Picture 21 & 22: Shows the Zeppelin with Dali mask symbol flying through the Four Towers, representing the business district of Madrid.
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 23: Shows the Zeppelin flying around the city and in front of the Minerva Goddess statue which looks over the city.
Picture 24: Shows the showering of money over the Callao Square.
Picture 25: Shows the Professor appealing to the crowd through the screens in the Callao square.
Source: Money Heist Series
6.2.3. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
Source: Travel.earth Picture 26: Shows the San Frutos Hermitage
Architectural parameters for the analysis of the buildings: Historical Significance: San Frutos hermitage is located on top of the Hoces Del Duratón Natural Park in Segovia. It was built in the 12th century, is preserved and stands out for its simplicity and sobriety. It remains part of the ancient monastic complex. Being on top it offers spectacular picture among the twisted meanders of the river and the park. (Churches and Chapels)xxxiv Narrative parameters for the analysis of buildings Architectural Parameter: Different views of the building This hermitage which was an ancient Romanesque building located on the mountain in isolation with rest of the city with its breath-taking view was a perfect location to plan their
next heist. Since it was isolated with rest of the city, no suspicions would rise and after their last successful heist to show they were wealthy enough to afford this place a better option compared to their last house this particular hermitage was chosen. Narrative Parameters: Setting
Picture 27: Shows the aerial view of the Italian monastery with its surroundings.
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 28: Shows the gang arriving at the monastery to plan the heist.
Source: Money Heist Series
Source: Travel.earth Picture 29: Shows the Piazza Del Duomo, Cathedral Square, Florence
Architectural parameters for the analysis of the buildings: Historical Significance: It is located in the center of Florence’s historic center and is one of the most visited locations in the World and most visited areas in Florence. The square includes The Cathedral of Florence with The Cupola Del Brunelleschi, The Campanile of Giotto, The Bapistery of Florence, The Loggia del Bigallo, The Opera Del Duomo Museum, and The Palace of Arcivescovile and Canonici's. Cathedral of Florence is one of the largest basilica in Florence, Italy. It was designed by Arnolfo Di Cambio in Gothic style, the construction started in 1296 and was structurally completed by 1436. The dome was engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi. Faced with polychrome marble panels in various shades of green and pink, bordered by white, the
exterior of the basilica features an intricate 19th-century Gothic Revival facade by Emilio De Fabris. (Flores,L)xxxv Narrative parameters for the analysis of buildings Architectural Element: Façade of the building The façade of the Florence Cathedral with its intricate design in the Piazza del Duomo is shown to give more insight into the character of Berlin who admires the beauty of the façade and the square to emphasize his love for art and architecture of the city. Narrative Parameters: Character
Source: Money Heist Series Picture 30: Shows Berlin waiting for Professor in front of the Florence Cathedral.
Picture 31: Reunion of Professor and Berlin at the Piazza Del Duomo.
6.2.4. THAI ARCHITECTURE
Source: Thailandforvisitors Picture 32: Shows the Sanctuary of Truth, Pattaya, Thailand
Architectural parameters for the analysis of the buildings: Historical Significance: The Sanctuary of Truth is a Hindu-Buddhist temple and museum under construction in Pattaya, Thailand. Thai businessman Lek Viriyaphan, designed it in
Ayutthaya style. It is constructed entirely from wood, contains only idols and sculptures carved from wood. Construction first started in 1982 on the Sanctuary of Truth and continues as of 2020, although visitors are allowed inside with hard hats. The temple located on 13 hectares of land, has an internal space of 2,115 m, with the highest spire reaching 105 m. (Iyer, G. 2019)xxxvi Architectural Element: Façade and hall of the Temple The Temple with its intricate work and grand structure of wood is still under construction and is seldom visited by tourists. The temples interiors are lit through the openings by the pillars of the hall. It is a dim lit area because of its heavy structure making it a shady place contrary to the purpose of the structure. Makers used this place for reunion of the robbers to avoid suscpicions and after the meeting they go towards the exit which is well lit because of the opening. Narrative Parameters: Theme, Light and colour
Picture 33: Shows Professor and Tokyo walking towards the temple’s exit.
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 34: Professor and Tokyo inside the temple.
Source: Money Heist Series
6.3. NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SET DESIGNS CLASSIFIED ON THE BASIS OF TYPOLOGY 6.3.1. SET-DESIGNS BUILT IN STUDIOS 6.3.1.1 FRANCOIST ARCHITECTURE It is an architecture style from Ancient Spanish Architecture era. It comes under the Fascist form of architecture. Francoist architecture came into existence Post war under Franco’s rule in Spain. Characteristics of this architecture style are large in size, symmetric, sharp non rounded edges, less or no decoration, heavy use of granite and bronze. The Built In Studio sets for The Bank of Spain and The Royal Mint, Francoist Architecture was the major style which was taken as the underlying geometry for designing the sets with the combination of architecture styles from different periods in Spain like Neoclassicism, Modernism and Romantic architecture and were artificially aged to relate to the actual buildings. Francoist era was specifically used since in this era Franco build structures around Spain which exhibited absolute dictatorship post war to unify the public through architecture. Bronze and Granite sculptures and motifs were recreated to emulate this architecture style. Architectural Elements: Corridors, Skylight, Main Halls Narrative Parameters: Setting, Theme
Picture 35: Corridor and skylight ceiling with Franco – styled railings
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 36: Franco themed main hall in the building
Source: Money Heist Series
6.3.1.2 COLOR PALLETE The entire series was shot in shades and hues of red color. The red color which had importance in the Spanish culture among all the primary colors was used in combination with the grey color of the granite structure and bronze motifs. Tones of red were tested in different lighting, textures and filters. Architectural Element: Cellar, Vault
Narrative Parameters: Character, Settings
Picture 37: Opening scene of the series with red tone emphasizing on the character’s state
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 38: Opening of the vault
Source: Money Heist Series
6.3.1.3 LIGHTING The makers used the play of natural light very efficiently to narrate the story and highlight the important events with the use of light. To do so the sets had windows and skylights. Some of the spaces were largely lit by huge windows. They were used to create dramatic effect, or to emphasize the pivotal characters. Architecture Element: Windows, Skylights Narrative Parameters: Setting, Light and Character
Picture 39: Shows the only light coming from the windows inside the cellar highlighting the model of building
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 40: Shows the hostages staying in the long hall of the bank lit by tall windows to make them feel closer to outer world
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 41: Light coming from behind the window as Nairobi addresses the hostages
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 42: Shows light from window and skylight shedding on the Helsinki carrying Nairobi’s dead body.
Source: Money Heist Series
6.3.1.4 HIERARCHY OF SPACES The main spaces which were used in the series where the halls where hostages were kept, the sets were designed in such a way to establish hierarchy among the robbers and the hostages. To do so, stairways with landings at a height were used, which was a common factor in both the series. Stairways opening to a long hall with skylight both designed in Francoist style with shades of red and grey. The robbers addressed them by standing on the landing of these stairways. Architectural Element: Stairways, Foyer and Atrium, Chapel, Ducts Narrative Parameters: Character, Light & Setting
Picture 43: Shows Berlin addressing the hostages.
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 44: Shows the long hall used in different contexts as the story progresses
Source: Money Heist Series
Picture 45: Shows Palermo addressing the hostages from the stairway landing
Source: Money Heist Series
The balconies inside the building were at a height also designed in Francoist style which was used by the robbers to attack and look over the security guards, because of their height gave them advantage over the guards.
Picture 46: Shows the use of balcony for fight between the security forces and the robbers.
Source: Money Heist Series
The character standing inside the chapel of the ancient hermitage. The only light coming inside this dark cellar is from the skylight which highlights the model and the light coming from the stained glass behind the main character emphasizing his role inside the gang.
Picture 47: Shows Professor introducing next heist target to the gang in front of the stained window and skylight.
Source: Money Heist Series
The ducts inside the building used by the security forces to move around the building hidden from the robbers. The ducts were used in different ways to attack the robbers either by narcotic gases, etc. These ducts were accessible from the roof making it easier to attack.
Picture 48: Shows head guard attacking the robbers through the ducts.
Source: Money Heist Series
6.3.2. SET-DESIGNS IN REAL LOCATIONS Architectural Style and Element: Romanesque; Arcaded courtyard The courtyard in the set which was arcaded with Romanesque columns with lush garden was used as a gathering space to improve the bonding between the members. This courtyard was used for activities like having brunch or wedding and playing football. Narrative Parameters: Setting & Theme
Picture 49: Shows the gang playing inside the courtyard in the monastery.
Source: Money Heist Series
1. CONCLUSION In this research paper the main objective was to understand how the narratives of a web series are explored through the architectural elements used in the series. This study was done to understand how spaces narrate a story and how the methods can be used in the profession to connect with the users. The narrative parameters Plot, Theme, Character, Setting, Light and Color were analyzed through the architectural parameters Typology, Site context, Historical Significance, Interiors and Space. To study this, case study of a popular web series “Money Heist” was done, it was chosen because of the emerging popularity of the OTT platforms since the field of movies was explored by many researchers. The buildings and sets used throughout the series were categorized and analyzed on the basis of their architectural typologies. The architecture typologies which were explored include Neo – Classical, Modern, Romanesque, Thai and Francoist Architecture. Neo-classical Architecture Classification Sets
of Architectural Parameters
Architectural Elements
Narratives Signified
Facade 1. Spain National Site context Research Council Close Green Lawns resemblance to the original Columns building Large frontage space with less traffic Historical Significance Building style similar to the earlier government building
Plot
Arcaded Entrance 2. Ministry Of Site context Public Works And Striking Department resemblance to original building Balconies Historical Significance Architecture similar to the Facade earlier Spanish Buildings
Plot Theme Setting
3. Michelangelo Historical Significance Square
Theme Setting
Plot Settings Setting Character
Aerial View of the Settings city from the square Character
City known for its roots in art and architecture
Modern Architecture 1. Callao Square
Aerial View of the Plot, Theme Site context Crowded and Towers and the Setting Popular Square square Historical Significance Symbol for economy of the country
2. Four Towers
Romanesque Architecture 1. San Hermitage
2. Piazza Duomo
Different Views of Setting Frutos Site context the building Deserted building Historical Significance Used to be residence for saints and monks of del Historical Significance Façade Stands as Cathedral symbol for the Spanish art and architecture
the Character
Thai Architecture Sanctuary of Truth
Façade and halls of Theme Site context Light and color Deserted and the temple under construction temple
Francoist Architecture
Corridors Interiors Designed with Skylight Franco themed Main Halls rails and motifs Spaces Intricately designed with
Settings Theme
&
motifs sculptures
and
Cellar Vault
Color Palette
Spaces Claustrophobic Spaces
Lighting
Windows Interiors Well – lit from Skylights the natural light
Hierarchy Spaces
of Spaces Use of different Levels Double Height spaces Service areas
Set in Real Spaces Location ( Finca el Open courtyard Gasco)
Setting Character
Setting Light Character
Stairways Setting Foyer and Atrium Light Chapel Character Ducts
Romanesque architecture style Arcaded Courtyard
Setting Theme
Through this research it was proved that architectural buildings and set designs play a significant role in the narration of the web series. Therefore, architectural buildings and set designs are crucial for the process of story-telling even in the wave of web series which has highest popularity among youth and is a new entertaining medium in giving quality and profit simultaneously. The positive aspect of this study was that till now researchers had only explored the importance of architecture in cinema both in India as well as outside India. This study has proved that usage of architectural buildings and set-designs is not limited to cinema, but is very much applicable in the web series. As web series are now in demand due to the rise of Over The Top Platforms (OTTP) like Amazon Prime, Netflix, Disney+Hotstar and many more, the architects and set-designers will surely have a new opportunity to explore in the wake of digital media. The limitations faced by the researcher was shortage of time, in this study only one popular web series of Spain was taken into consideration. This study can be further stretched by taking into consideration other web series from different countries for more reliability of the results. As the methodology taken into consideration was case study using qualitative approach through narrative analysis, the results are prone to the personal biasness of the researcher. However as the study had to be in detail and was meant to be extensive, using quantitative approach would not have fetched the desired results. Hence researcher has also presented the scenes that were analysed for reliability of the study.
Thus, the research study was able to attain its objective to prove that architectural buildings and set designs play a significant role in the narration of the web series and are crucial for the process of story-telling even in the wave of web series
2. BIBLOGRAPHY i
Shethi, M. (2019). Architecture in Cinema. Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/spaceconception/architecture-in-cinema/ ii
Baratto, R. (2017). How architecture speaks through https://www.archdaily.com/872754/how-architecture-speaks-through-cinema.
cinema.
Arch
Daily.
iii
Haridy, R. (2018). Science Fiction Cities: How our future visions influence the cities we build. New Atlas. https://newatlas.com/science-fiction-cities-future-urban-visions-architecture/55569/ iv
Kutucu, S. (2005). Transformation of meaning of architectural space in cinema: The case of Gattaca and Truman Show. v
Young, H. (2015). Building Fiction: The Architecture of Narrative in Harry Potter. University of Waterloo. Canada. https://docplayer.net/24495047-Building-fiction-the-architecture-of-narrative-in-harry-potter-hollandyoung.html. vi
Kanipillewar, R. (2018-2019). Architecture in Fiction: Estrangement, Naturalization, and Social Commentary in the Architecture of Contemporary Speculative Fiction Films. University of Westminister. https://issuu.com/ruchitakanpillewar/docs/ma_thesis_ruchita_kanpillewar. vii
Gonzalez, K.(2008). Film+Architecture: The fusion between the most popular art form and the most public. Graduate School of University of Florida. https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00090056/00001/5x. viii
Garg, A. (2014-15). A Parallele Between Cinema and Architecture: Fundamentals of Architectural Design in Comparison to Film Making. University School of Architecture and Planning. Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University.Delhi. India. https://issuu.com/akshitagarg7/docs/chapter_1_new_-_copy. ix
Haciomeroglu, T. Nihan. 2008. Reconstruction of Architectural Image in Science Fiction Cinema: A Case Study on New York. The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Middle East Technical. University x
Preetika, B. (2015). Cinema in Architecture: A Synergism. School of Architecture and Planning. Anna University. Chennai. Tamil Nadu. India. https://issuu.com/preetikab/docs/arch_and_cinema. xi
Ryan, K. (2019). Production Design in The Film and Television Space: An Analysis. Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. Loss Angeles, California. United States of America. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1244&context=honors-thesis. xii
Erbay, M. (2013). Modern Architecture and Cinema: An assessment through iconic buildings. International Journal of Academic Research. 5(5). DOI: 10.7813/2075-4124.2013. xiii
Abohela, I; Gohary, A; Dewadar, K. (2007). Significance of Future Architecture in Science Fiction Films. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306000011 .
xiv
Singh, R. (2020). Why Money Heist (La Casa De Papel) is so popular? Policy Wise. https://policywise.in/2020/04/20/why-money-heistla-casa-de-papel-is-so-popular/. xv
Literary Terms. (2015, June 1). https://literaryterms.net/.
xvi
Literary Terms. (2015, June 1). https://literaryterms.net/.
xvii
Literary Terms. (2015, June 1). https://literaryterms.net/.
xviii
Ierek. (2016).Importance of restoring historical buildings. https://www.ierek.com/.
xix
xx
Literary Terms. (2015, June 1). https://literaryterms.net/.
Savage, G. (2019). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/art/interior-design.
xxi
De Ruvo, J. (2019). Creating Emotions Through Cinematography .https://nofilmschool.com/creatingemotion-color-cinematography. xxii
Lynch, D. (2020). Film 101: Understanding Film Lighting. https://www.masterclass.com/.
xxiii
Your Own Architect. Form and space in architecture – Gio valle. https://www.yourownarchitect.com/.
xxiv
Trendvill. (2020). La Casa De Papel (Money Heist). https://trendvill.blogspot.com/2020/04/la-casa-de-papelmoney-heist.html. xxv
Trendvill. (2020). La Casa De Papel (Money Heist). https://trendvill.blogspot.com/2020/04/la-casa-de-papelmoney-heist.html. xxvi
Movie Locations. (2017). THE PAPER HOUSE" IS FILMED AT THE CSIC.
HTTP://WWW.LUGARESDEPELICULA.COM/LA-CASA-PAPEL-SE-RUEDA-CSIC/. xxvii Madrid. (2020). Money Heist. https://www.esmadrid.com/en/money-heistmadrid?utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F. xxviii
Congresso. (2009). Ciencia E Innovacion. 244. http://www.congreso.es/public_oficiales/L9/CONG/DS/CO/CO_244.PDF#page=4. xxix
Madrid. (2020). Bank of Spain. https://www.esmadrid.com/en/tourist-information/banco-de-espana.
xxx
Madrid. (2020). Ministry of Public Work and Transports. https://www.esmadrid.com/en/touristinformation/banco-de-espana. xxxi
Florence Museum. Plazzale Michelangelo. https://www.florence-museum.com/piazzale-michelangelo.php.
xxxii
Allmyview. (2020). Money Heist Filming Locations You Should Visit. https://allmyview.com/money-heistfilming-locations-you-should-visit/. xxxiii
Madrid. (2020). Cuatro Torres Business Area. https://www.esmadrid.com/en/tourist-information/cuatrotorres-business-area#. xxxiv
Churches and Chapels. Hermitage of San Frutos. https://www.turismocastillayleon.com/en/art-cultureheritage/monuments/churches-chapels/hermitage-san-frutos. xxxv
Flores, L. Inside Florence’s Cathedral, The Dumo. Visit Florence. https://www.visitflorence.com/florencechurches/duomo.html. xxxvi
Iyer, G. (2019). This Under-Construction Modern Day Architectural Marvel in Thailand is Unmissable. Mind and Soul. Times Now. https://www.timesnownews.com/spiritual/religion/article/this-under-constructionmodern-day-architectural-marvel-in-thailand-is-unmissable/518817.
