FUTURE FOUNDATIONS Newsletter of American Piledriving Equipment, Inc.
FALL 2021 30 Years of Great APE Projects Fairview Ave. N. Bridge Project Buck O’Neil Bridge Project NEW Tier IV Power Units NEW 300 Series Vibros NEW 5 Series Hydraulic Impact Hammers
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American Piledriving Equipment, Inc. • 7032 South 196th Street • Kent, WA 98032
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CORPORATE OFFICE NORTHWEST 7032 South 196th St. Kent, Washington 98032 (800) 248-8498 (253) 872-0141
stevec@americanpiledriving.com kellyg@americanpiledriving.com chrisw@americanpiledriving.com
MIDWEST St. Peters, Missouri (855) 303-4580 (636) 397-8400
jakep@americanpiledriving.com
WEST COAST Stockton, California (888) 245-4401 (209) 942-2166
chrisc@americanpiledriving.com
MID-ATLANTIC Virginia Beach, Virginia (866) 399-7500 (757) 518-9740
jimmyd@americanpiledriving.com
GULF REGION Conroe, Texas (800) 596-2877 (936) 271-1044 Gonzales, Louisiana (877) 293-4244 (225) 644-7722
joew@americanpiledriving.com
NORTHEAST US EASTERN CANADA Sayreville, New Jersey (888) 217-7524 (732) 432-6604
30 Years of APE
10 Projects That Challenged Us, Grew Us and Made Us the Worlds Greatest Foundation Equipment Manufacturer
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One Hundred Twenty 72’ diameter steel piles driven to form the bulkwork for 2 artificial islands to serve as tunnel mouths for the 31 mile long Hong KongZhuhai-Macau Seaway Project, comprised of 3 cable-stayed bridges, and 1 undersea tunnel. Eight Model 600 Super Kong Vibratory Piledrivers, mounted on
SOUTHEAST Mulberry, Florida (800) 570-3844 (863) 324-0378
APE SOUTH AMERICA (863) 660-8716 jimc@americanpiledriving.com APE MEXICO +1 (786) 991-6875 +1 (936) 207-3366
frankis@americanpiledriving.com
APE CHINA Shanghai, China (+86) 21-5677-1221 (+81) 21-3604-0553 ericd@apevibro.com
APE CANADA Nisku, AB (855) 328-9888 (780) 474-9888
ericl@americanpiledriving.com
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Octakong on the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macau Seaway
paulk @americanpiledriving.com billz@americanpiledriving.com
jimc@americanpiledriving.com jimb@americanpiledriving.com wallyb@americanpiledriving.com
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QuadKong
2001, China. The mission: drive a 40’ diameter (1’ thickness) concrete pile for a channel wall for the Yangtze River. It had never been done before. APE Doesn’t care. 1300 tons of drive force
Olmstead Lock & Dam
a massive frame and linked via gear boxes to sync timing on the vibros, to create one massive piledriver, The Octakong. 4,000 metric tons of drive force, 502 metric tons in weight, and 9600 HP to run. 2 tandem APE Model 200-6’s drove 37’ Sheet wall to interconnect the 72’ piles. The client was China’s Number One Marine Group.
were needed to drive this immense pile. The largest APE vibratory pile hammer at the time, the Model 400, supplied only 360 tons of driving force. Could we put FOUR 400’s together to achieve 1400 tons of drive force? Syncing the hammers was the critical engineering challenge. Each 400 vibro would be linked physically by a drive shaft
When the customer is the US Army Corps of Engineers with special requests on a single source acquisition, there must be serious design and equipment requirements on the job. Olmstead Lock and Dam was a project to speed commercial travel through the removal of Locks 52 and 53 and rehabilitation of the section of waterway to
to sync the eccentrics, and through a single hydraulic circuit. Each hammer was served by a 1050 HP power unit. The whole system operated as a single unit, controlled by a central computer panel. The potential speed advantages of this method won APE the opportunity to put “The Quad Kong” into practice driving these
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Golden Pass LNG, Sabine Pass, TX
include new locks and wicket dam. A cofferdam was to be constructed as part of this massive project. APE’s sale of Model 400 Vibros along with a beam w/ clamps at intervals was designed to meet the installation requirements of the Corps for the cofferdam construction. The in the wet construction depended on
400 US Ton concrete piles along the Yangtze.4,000 metric tons of drive force, 502 metric tons in weight, and 9600 HP to run. 2 tandem APE Model 200-6’s drove 37’ Sheet wall to interconnect the 72’ piles. The client was China’s Number One Marine Group.
several aspects of the APE setup which would camp and install 5 - pre interlocked sheet piles at a time. The arc side of the 5 pile section, for the upstream section were driven under heavy currents. APE’s use of vegetable oil based Terrasolve in the vibro satisfied environmental projects of the project.
45,000 pre-cast concrete piles (PCP) is no small bit of work. With a project that size, dependability and productivity are the key, and the support of the equipment manufacturer is critical. Bo-Mac Contractors, LTD moved onto site in July 2019 to install Test Pile 18” x 120’ Precast. In August
2019 Bo-Mac installed the MOF which is a temporary construction dock to utilize for pile delivery and modular units thru the entire job: 24” X 100’ Precast Concrete Piles which required the APE D62 diesel hammer with 164’ APE 32” Leads and APE 150 Spotter. In November 2019 Bo-Mac mobilized a fleet of cranes with
the above APE setups to drive 37,000 - 110’ and 120’ - 18” x 120’ PCP. All told Bo-Mac deployed: 12 APE D46 hammers, 11 sets of 164’ leads, 4 sets of new APE 50 spotters and 7 sets of 150 style spotters. Bo-Mac installed the last pile PCP September 2021. In addition, 2,500 Linear ft of 60ft sheet pile and 23 sheet pile boxes are currently (at the time of print) being installed with 2 APE 200-6 Vibratory Hammer and 1 APE 300 Vibratory Hammer.
“All the APE Products performed as they always do for us at Bo-Mac solid and dependable and had great service from Joe Wright and his staff form his Conroe, TX location.” - Michael W. Sparks, Jr., Piling Operations Manager, Bo-Mac Contractors, Beaumont, TX
Fairview Ave. N. Bridge Replacement A joint effort between material supplier and equipment supplier breaks barriers and records and drives innovation in helical pile installation.
When there is no available technology to meet the project needs within environmental limits or criteria... When there is no design guide for the proposed solution ... When there is no precedent project or model specification to put in front of the governing body for approval of the solution... Marine Project. Noise Limitations. Vibration Limitations. A replacement for the Fairview Ave North Bridge was designed with 8’ Drilled Shafts into the bed of Lake Union in Seattle. A working platform would be necessary for the crane to install the shafts as designed. A temporary trestle structure with piles to provide the necessary service load at 500 kips per pile was designed. There could be no impact hammer used due to the environmental restrictions in place to protect Lake Union’s water mammals and fish. Additionally, vibration limits imposed
by adjacent structures also played into the limitations of installation options.
Working backwards, the potential solution, large diameter helical piles would need to be designed Pileworks, to support “We knew that the Magnoan ultimate large diameter axial load of lia, TX steel pile manufac- helical piles could 750 kips. The turer knew piles would be achieve tremendous that large installed to a capacities and diameter depth where helical piles the alluvial the means of could supply installation could sands were the bearing present and reduce a lot of capacity and would achieve exposure on a the vibration these loads. of installaproject like this.” With driven tion would be of Says Pileworks piles minimal, and course, the General Manager, blow counts noise relative to other would deMatt Fenwick. installation termine the would be greatly reduced. capacity of each pile. Determining the load capacity of helical piles is somewhat different. With helical piles the torsional resistance of the pile during advancement is measured by the torque exerted on the member via the drill head, torque data at pile toe creates a base line for an applied Kt value to be assigned, which is used to determine the axial load the pile has achieved. “We knew that large diameter helical piles could
achieve tremendous capacities and the means of installation could reduce a lot of exposure on a project like this.” Says Pileworks General manager, Matt Fenwick. “When designing helical pile in diameters over 12.75”, one of the crucial pieces of information that needs to be determined is what Kt could be expected to a 22” diameter pile shaft”. The helical pile industry has limited empirical information on large shafts and a fair bit of conservatism must be used when determining the theoretical performance. Applying a conservative Kt value, relying heavily on sub surface data, confirming the ability to place the pile toe into the denser strata are precursory steps used to determined that the performance of the pile could achieve the required design load.” Fenwick continued, “As for as a top drive rotary head capable of delivering over 350,000+ ft-lbs while resting on top of an 80’ section of pile, I don’t think a configuration of mast and rotary like this is readily available and combining existing equipment to do so will be necessary”. Then Fenwick recommended a drill motor manufactured by Eskridge in Kansas City capable of achieving the required 375,000 ft-lb of torque necessary to install these large diameter helicals.... Enter APE... At the time, APE had the
like to hear. However opportunity often is disguised as a challenge. When all bids failed in Orion’s initial bid round due to the vibration requirements, the door opened for helical pile solution.
HD 200 as its largest HD Driver and one of the largest, most powerful helical drills on the market. The internal mechanics of the drill are designed to support the rotation of the 200K ft-lb drive motor and the 200 as built could not support a 375K ft-lb drill motor. APE had to design a new drill system on demand. The requirement of nearly twice the torque of the largest drill in the APE HD line required a leader system that would handle the higher forces. The housing was designed to accommodate the larger
motor and the internal systems, including hydraulics, filtration systems and X were all beefed up in order to drive that size motor. The setup featured APE’s unique pile centering guide and lofting clamp, which enabled the operator to get hold of the pile at ground level, loft the pile over 80 feet high, then lower the drive extension on to the pile engaging the drive. Getting on to a long pile this way is considerably faster than traditional methods, thereby dramatically increase the production rate of the project.
The APE C15 hydraulic power unit was setup to provide power to all of the auxiliary functions in addition to the main driver which featured infinitely variable speed control from zero to full, in both forward and reverse. The pile installation was monitored and recorded to provide the drive torque and depth data for each pile. As APE innovated in the background, Pileworks along with Atlas Engineering proceeded to approach the project owner, the City of Seattle, and the project GM, Orion, with this solution. Typically, innovation is met with resistance. With no precedent, no model specification for helical piles of this size, no equipment, no design standard, this was going to be an uphill climb. “It’s never been done before “ is not something that owners and GC’s generally
With 2nd round bidding in full motion Helical pile started to show great promise to mitigate some of the project limitations that rendered driven pile impractical for the Fairview site, all contractors bidding in this round started to garner as much information as possible to develop a design and cost construct that would equal an award. Orion Marine emerged successful upon award date and the daunting task of verifying what was proposed in the second round will meet the job requirements. A key to pulling this off was attributed to having an aligned design team in place, that being the Contractor, Engineering Firm, Material Supplier and Equipment Manufacturer all working to facilitate an alternate foundation system, great things are possible. As Matt Fenwick stated, “It truly is the holy trinity of design when you can get this many different groups huddled up to accomplish a common goal and it generally equals very quick results.” Riding on the back of an environmentally reduced design concept and installation approach, the proposed helical design chosen was
APE LEADS IN EQU SERIES 5 HYDRAULIC IMPACT HAMMER Smarter Hammers
22.5 FT 19.5 FT
American Piledriving Equipment (APE) is announcing the release and immediate availability of the “5 Series” Hydraulic Impact Hammer (HIH) product line. The line comprises four new models including the Model 15-5 HIH, the Model 20-5 HIH, the Model 25-5 HIH, & the Model 30-5 HIH. The new stroke is increased to 5 ft which results in a 20% increase in force compared to the dash 4, (4ft stroke) models. In terms of power density – its weight-to-power ratio is the best in its class. New variable stroke control: 5 Series HIH’s also have a transmitter to set dwell and stroke with auto mode and manual mode. In manual mode, the variable
24 FT
21 FT
stroke control allows the operator to raise and drop the hammer, one blow at a time with the push of a button. In auto mode the operator can set the stroke time and the dwell time on the fly to achieve the performance best suited for the specific pile driving application. The logic and timing functions are integral to the power unit system which eliminates the need for to a separate blow count box, which is much more cumbersome. Set stroke time, sets the height of the lift, dwell time sets the interval between lifts. The majority of parts are interchangeable within the 5 series. Each HIH model is compact and will fit in a number of configurations, mast, guided leads, flying leads w/helmet, or
mounted to a forklift for low headroom applications. The efficient and robust design is easy to operate and maintain, it is simple and straightforward.
UIPMENT INNOVATION! APE SILVERBACK SERIES Run Longer, Drive Harder.
APE has concentrated multiple innovations and refinements into the new line of vibratory piledriver/ extractors the sum of which deliver increased power density, longer run times, and improved heat management. The Silverback Series 300 vibros have the highest driving force in their weight classes. The introduction of new technology to speed through the deceleration of the equipment ensures smooth operation even during shut-down.
provides superior balance, smooth operation and minimum vibration to the crane, all while providing industry leading pulling capacity. APE’s exclusive hydrodynamic braking deceleration feature stops the vibro faster, minimizing stress on the “shutdown shake” for the crane.
APE’s vibros feature the all-new Silverback Radiant Technology on their gearboxes, converting them into heat exchangers. The The highest driving force Silverback aluminum bearin its class, all three models ing covers use the outside realize productivity gains air to cool the gearbox, for the contractor through resulting in greater run greater power density. A times and higher perforlight gearbox with optimance. Since the vibro can mum symmetry decreases run cooler it can also run at the vibrating mass of the higher speed, resulting in vibro, putting more of the dramatically greater drivwork into the pile. The ing forces than all other combination of these imconventional vibros availprovements results in more able. This means that the driving force into each and contractor can get much every pile. The advanced more driving done without 2-stage suppressor system having to use a larger vibro
and larger crane. The bottom line is that the Silverback Series continues APE’s tradition of indus-
try leading performance. More driving power in a smaller package with less crane and longer run times. Go Deep with APE!
POWER UNITS NOW TIER IV Better Heat Management. Control. Runtime.
American Piledriving Equipment (APE) is announcing major updates for the 13 largest of their 14 Power units, including updating their engines to meet all requirements of the EU Stage IV emissions standards. APE power units, which supply power to many types of equipment that operate on a construction site without their own power source, have been redesigned by American Piledriving Equipment to meet Tier IV requirements as set forth by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The power units also underwent significant design changes separate from the engine upgrades to improve runtime, heat management, and fuel consumption. Variable Hydraulic Fan Drives are now standard on the model c-13 and up. An advanced hydraulic fan drive, independent of the engine, increases unit
efficiency in the following ways: In cold temperature climates, fan speed is turned down, reducing warm-up time. In hotter climates, if a unit gets hot,
These vastly improved efficiencies in-unit temperature management allow production to benefit from less waiting. Diminished fuel use is realized from an independent fan and engine relationship. APE added new high-pressure hydraulic pumps to all power units (as opposed to old gear style pumps) resulting in an overall efficiency increase of approximately 10-15 percent. The key to high-performing and reliable hydraulic systems is fluid conditioning. Maintaining a high hydraulic fluid cleanliness level and a low operating temperature is integral to the APE power unit design. Clean
Says APE design engineer Dan Miller, “These units are smarter, they’re overall more efficient, they have very effective fuel consumption features, advanced fluid conditioning features, and onboard diagnostics. These units are more reliable and cost less to operate.” the operator can set the engine speed down to a high idle while the cooling fan remains at full speed to cool down faster. During drive time, Hydraulic Fan Drive regulates the fan speed according to heat load. (Heat load is determined by 3 thermostats engine coolant/water temperature, charge air, and hydraulic oil temperature, whichever is highest. This option allows for longer run times given that the fan is working only as hard as it needs to, and the engine can throttle down while the fan maintains max cooling.
cool lubricant increases the thickness of the lubricant film between internal running elements of the power transmission components resulting in less friction. Reduced friction equals less heat. Less heat generated lowers the demand on the cooling system, which in turn saves fuel. Reduced heat also equals longer service life and increased overall performance. Several improvements to the monitoring capabilities of the power units were added as part of this overhaul. A Protective
Hydraulic Circuit – via a microcontroller allows APE to monitor the condition and performance of the unit for diagnostics. [Not sure I got this piece right – G] Additionally, a laptop can plug into any unit and diagnose. This allows field diagnostics to take place sooner and remedied sooner and work resumes sooner. In several of the new models, Telematics allows remote diagnostics, access to the power unit systems for remote diagnosis. Gains are realized by faster diagnosis and time waiting for a service tech is now production time. The “Smart Monitoring” capability protects the equipment from running under poor operating conditions, therefore avoiding stress on the equipment, fewer breakdowns, better equipment longevity. An additional a setting was created to save fuel, reduce wear, protect longevity: Auto Idle – if the power unit sits idle for more than a set time it can be set to cut to idle. “As the mandate of the more expensive Tier IV diesel engines on US construction equipment came into effect, rather than accept that the new power units would simply be more expensive than the previous versions, APE used the opportunity to create a better power unit.” Says APE design engineer Dan Miller.
Fairview Ave. N. Bridge Replacement Con’t
approved by the city in under two months allowing for manufacturing of the equipment and materials to take place in the interim.
ing install needed to be stopped prior to failure due to the bending capacity of the cap beam was exceeded when the test reached 800 kips.
Helicals had been presented to the city in advance of the re-bid by multiple contractors, this was in part by Pileworks and other helical manufacturers seeking to get their products on the job and proposing a wide range of potential shaft sizes that would replace the current design with a 4:1 ratio, not much of a brilliant part to incorporate?
The Dynamic tests were performed at 3 days and 13 days after setup with a 13.3 kip drop hammer. Conventional pile gauges were used to measure forces and velocities owing to the piles similarity to a standard pipe pile. At the maximum blow recorded on the 13 day dynamic load test, the maximum case method capacity for the blow was 927 kips.
Reference material for a 22’ helical pile is not in existence as of the time this solution is being tendered. The 2019 DFI (Deep foundations Institute) Helical Foundations Design Guide presented allowable stress design and conventional correlation between torque and capacity (based on H. Perko 2009). Although the 2019 torque correlation data consider no pile shafts beyond a diameter of 10 inches. Would it be scalable?
The noise test found that the installation of the pile measured less than the noise generated from the testing inspectors outboard motor, and equal to the measurements recorded from the General Trestle work above.
2 dynamic load tests and 1 static load test were conducted. The static load test at 12 days follow-
“Helical piles were the only feasible method of meeting the vibration requirements for this project,” - Walt Thompson, Orion’s Project Manager.
APE MEXICO Two 200T Vibros, One 1/2 Mile Sea Wall, One Hurricane...
APE dependability comes through in a short window prior to hurricane season to complete seawall ahead of Olaf
Deep Foundations Group (DEEP) in JV with Constructora COTA were given the difficult task of installing 2,656 ft long sheet pile seawall to protect $50 million dollar estates being built in East Cape, La Ribera, BCS, Mexico. The developer warned DEEP-COTA the hurricane season was upon us and gave them only 38 days to install the seawall with no margin for error. Fortunately, DEEP-COTA relied on APE equipment and support to get the job done on schedule. A week before DEEPCOTA completed the entire seawall Hurricane Olaf hit La Ribera with category 2 force winds and the raging
rivers wiped out 1/3 of the gulf course at the property next door - but caused no damage to the estates being built thanks to the seawall which shielded the properties from the rivers and the sea. Even though the terrain profile included 6-10 ft diameter boulders and a super compacted gravel layer, we managed to work through those hard driving conditions with two (2) APE 200T Vibrohammers that worked 24/7 to install the 586 sheets in a record time of 37 days. Both the developer and our costumer DEEP/COTA were impressed with the reliability, power and support they got from APE.
Contact Franki Segura at: frankis@americanpiledriving.com
APE MID-WEST
30 Years of APE
Two Bridges, Eight Drilled Shafts, One APE 300-4 ...
Massman’s new APE 300-4 drives 75’ cans in to the banks of the Missouri for the new Buck O’Neil Bridge.
Massman Construction in a JV with Clarkson Construction Company won the design build contract for replacement of the Buck O’Neil Bridge, formerly the Broadway Bridge, which caries Rt. 169 across the Missouri River between Kansas City, MO and North Kansas city, MO. The replacement bridge will be dual span in place of the triple arch bridge which was constructed in 1956 and is the end of its service life. Eight 11’ dia. Drilled Shafts will service the bridge abutment load. The soil profiles consists of mostly sands in the upper layers, a thin strata of limestone and underlying shale strata. 5/8” wall steel
casings vary in depth from 35’ long to 75’. APE’s new 300-4 Vibro was purchased and used by Massman to install the casings. (Please see: The 300 Series - pg. 7) “The 300-4 is driving those casings into the ground like they’re going through butter.” Reports River Bridge Superintendant Andrew Underwood of Massman, “We haven’t had any problems.” On site the Kansas City Carpenters Regional Council Local 315 manages the piledriving and drilling works. MO Laborers local 663 and KS Laborers 1290 are project laborers, and the Operators Local 101 project operators.
Contact Jake Palmer at: jakep@americanpiledriving.com
CON’T
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Riffgat Windfarm in the North Sea with Super Quad Kong
North Sea near the German island of Borkum, APE Holland started on a special offshore project: vibrating 30 steel piles (monopiles) on which 30 windmills would be installed. The monopiles used for the Riffgat Wind Farm Project weighed between the 480 and 720 ton each. The length of the piles were between 53 m and 70 m with a diameter of 4,7 m on the top of the pile and a diameter of 5,7 m on the bottom. Super Quad Kong (SQK), an innovative and modular vibratory driver/extractor consisting of four APE Model 600 vibros, which are connected to four Power Units,
providing a total eccentric moment of 920 kg-m. By using the SQK vibratory hammer it was possible to drive these monopiles in a single run in the correct place on the seafloor. By chooseing the innovative option of a vibratory hammer, contractor Seaway Heavy Lifting met the compliance criteria and the strict environmental rules which apply in Germany.
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The Merchants Bridge Project in St. Louis #WeDontNeedNoStinkinDampener...
These works performed by The Walsh Group out of Chicago date it is the first recordable job where vibros are being used on Liebherr cranes without the use of an external dampening system due to APE’s dual stage suppressor. To return service to both tracks of the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis (TRRA) Mississippi River Rail Crossing to St. Louis, and rehab elevated approach structures, in addition to other structural work, this 180M Project was undertaken by TRAA. In addition to a Diesel hammer, the APE D62 in off shore leads, Walsh
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had the following APE Vibros working on the job: APE Model 150T, APE Model 200, APE Model 300, & APE Model 200-6.
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Panama Terminal Expansion – Marine Works
One of the largest contracts by APE Mexico was for marine facilities for a tank farm located at Bahia Las Minas. The client was intercoastal Marine. Project included support for Berthing and mooring structures, a loading platform, and a 175m approach trestle. For this project Intercoastal Marine drove 9’ monopiles x 102
X52 Kirkwood to Trienda 138kV Island Span
When the engineers report is described as generally vacant and the topography ”varied” which means rivers and islands, how does access to install transmission towers when there is no access? Helicopter.
In order to install the 2 45” steel caissons to support the 160’ H frame towers, Henkels and McCoy got creative, and APE got to work building a Power Unit sled that doubled as a template. After setting down the sled/template/ power unit the Erick-
son Air Crane returned with the caisson, followed by the J&M 28-35 vibro suspended in a custom sling to prevent spin. Set ‘er up, driver ‘er down, detach from aircrane, drive er home, repeat. Go Home. Go APE.
tons with a Tandem 400 Vibro and finished them with an APE D180 diesel hammer guided on 108” Bottom Drive offshore Leader. APE supported IMI with the driveability analysis and equipment set up in Panama as well as technical support to properly operate and drive the first two piles down to grade.
30 Years of APE CON’T
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Fairview Ave. N. Bridge Replacement
The story here isn’t as much the unprecedented scale of the helical piles, the power of the drill head, or the need to invent the drill to meet the torque required for the design load bearing. The construction story here isn’t even the combination of courageous contracting, on-demand innovation of equipment, and the ability to engineer the solution to meet
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the design requirements of the City of Seattle. The story of this project is, how the solution, wrought by all the above, met the stringent environmental criteria and site conditions, and presented the contractor with design engineering to put high diameter helical piles on the project and on the map. Pileworks presented the client with the solution to
Dodecakong
Applying the lessons learned on Projects #1 and #3,above, APE was able to accomplish this marvel of construction equipment for client First Harbor Engineering Company of China. The set-up 12 massive Model 600 Vibros to drive 100’ piles into the seabed for the expansion project at Hainan Island for the new international
APE SUPPORTS AND ARE MEMBERS OF...
airport for Sanya, China. Thirty meters in diameter, 34 meters long and weighs over 600 metric tons, these piles required all of 7,200 tons of drive force to install. Dodecakong, “The Worlds Largest Piledriver”, a title taken from its predecessor Octakong, proves that this technology is scalable. With what limits and it begs the question, What’s next APE?
the requirements of the structure, a working tresle where driven pile were rulled out because of noise and vibration, and drilled shafts failed the first round of bids, due to vibration concerns. “Helical piles were the only feasible method of meeting the vibration requirements for this project,” - Project Manager, Orion See Article page. 6
