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ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO 2 0 1 6 1
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Xinyue Zhou
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CONTENT PART A 04
A.0. Introduction
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A.1. Design Futuring
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A.2. Design Computation
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A.3. Composition/Generation
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A.4. Conclusion
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A.5. Learning Outcomes
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A.6. Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches
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M
y name is Xinyue, preferred name is April, the third year student major in Architecture. I am an international student from a small city in the southern part of China, which is Suzhou. My hometown is famous of the classical Chinese Gardens, which is a representative style of the Chinese ancient architectural style.
W
hen I was a child, my mother always took me traveled around those historical towns to experience the aesthetics of the ancient architecture. Thus I learned painting over a long period in order to record the beautiful views and building I saw. I finished my high school with the arts major and chose finance when I did my foundation course in Auckland of New Zealand, however, finally I found I still want to learn architecture for the reason that I think it is quite eudemonic to understand, to learn, to image, to create and to build what I like and what I want. After I started my study in Melbourne University, I understood more about this major and learned more skill of architecture. Especially the studio study, I found lots of fun of each program, and the learning from the Master Rem Koolhaas made me understand more about the modern architecture, also the importance about the technology about design and creating. Besides, I really like the modern Japanese architecture style for its clean, simple and functional characteristics. This year is my third year, as well as the last year for my undergraduate period. I really hope I could learn more skills about the grasshopper, the rhino and other technology I should learn for future and better design, meanwhile improve creativity of design.
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INTRODUCTION
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A.1 DESIGN FUTURING
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A
ccording to the reading this week, both of them pointed out that nowadays ar-
chitecture has more meaning for the culture, the city and the environment. For future, architecture plays more and more important role between human society and environment, which has close connection with the sustainability. Furthermore, to compare with the modern architecture around 1900s, nowadays-modern architecture gives and creates more ideas and meaning to projects. With the improvement of technology and the changes of lifestyle, the idea of architecture becomes more and more creative and not just satisfies the needs of functions.
“Answering the ‘design futuring’ question actually requires having a clear sense of what design needs to be mobilized for or against. Even more significantly, it means changing our thinking, then how and what we design. Equally, it also requires understanding that the ‘ dialectic of sustainment’ is another basic feature of being human.”[1] Tony Fry
[1] Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), p4
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I
n 2014, OMA won the competition
of the new office building for AXEL Besides, the location of the
proposals of three renowned firms, BIG,
new building is on the historical
Büro Ole Scheeren. Axel Springer is a
site of the former Berlin Wall
media company that has launched a
what was once a no-man’s
movement from print to digital media.
land. Therefore, nowadays
Thus the competition’s task was to
this building has more mean-
create additional space for the com-
ing not just for its function,
pany, especially for its digital offers and
but also for its representation
design a workplace fit for the future of
of the company, even it has
online media. The new office building
important significance for the
for the company, is not just a place
media area, or it can be a
for working, but both a symbol and a
new landmark for Berlin for its
tool for the transition that from print to
special location.
digital media.
Figure 1
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OMA AXEL SPRINGER CAMPUS
SPRINGER SE Company with stellar
F
or this project, it features an open
valley with interconnected terraces and public workspaces for all indi-
Figure 2
E
ach floor is a covered part as a traditional work envi-
vidual, collaborative, and mobile work,
ronment that is uncovered on the terraces. Meanwhile
won favor with the jury for its forward-
the valley is designed to be mirrored to generate a three
thinking concept[1] . The essence of the
dimensional canopy through technology.
design is a series of terraced floors that together forms a ‘valley’ that creates an informal stage at the center[2] . It
Figure 3
Figure 4
combines the formal and informal offices which response to the properties of the media and create a place to broadcast ideas to other parts of the company.
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IDEA VERTICAL CAMPUS I dea Vertical Campus was set in Tokyo’s rapidly
expanding Shinjuku ward, it took a radical idea
OMA
and design at the time. In traditional, the campus is always situated on the countryside with lots of big open spaces and gardens. Most buildings are generated through ‘Addition’. All the necessary parts are assembled, adjusted, accumulated in more or less pleasing compositions. Shinjyuku Vertical Campus is generated by ‘Subtraction’; like Michelangelo’s
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his unbuilt project reflected a new language
of campus and a changeable lifestyle of the
‘Slaves’.
time. . It is prepared for the competition in 2004, which theme is no regular towers would be perFigure 5
mitted. For this design, Koolhaas thought that the interior and exterior are significant for a building at the same time; instead like that many high-rise structures privatize their strongest features in the interior. Idea Vertical Campus is a combination of three different schools, thus Koolhaas said that they didn’t want to design these three schools too equal for the reason that all of them have special characteristics; each school should have their own style just like each person is different and has unique identity.
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Figure 6 Figure 7
A
ccording to the design futuring, I chose
this project for its new idea and language to explain new lifestyle and the tendency of the increase of population and the density. For the sustainability of the development of the modern city, this high-rise design is meaningful and important and has its value for architecture. The Idea Vertical Campus represents the new concept of architecture and the tendency of the future architecture. However, it finally didn’t win that competition to be built, but its idea of design was accept by all of people, meanwhile brought new definition of the campus. 11
A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION
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O
ver the several past years, with the invention of the computer and high-speed de-
velopment of technology, many of areas achieved large improvements and changed to new developing styles. For architecture, it used to use the basic methods for presentations and the design process – hand-drawing and scaled physical model. The emergency of digital computing has shifts the architecture to a new method of illustration and leads the design for architecture explore to new style. A new and comprehensive domain of architectural theories is beginning to emerge in the intersection between science, technology, design and architectural cultural[1]. Nowadays, people’s needs of architecture not only for the shelter and basic functions, but also consider about the sustainability, the culture and the new language to express the aesthetic of architecture.
This is an age in which digitally informed design can actually produce a second nature[2]. - Oxman
T
he above quote indicates that digital design by computation is not beneficial for
making the design work parametric, but good for develop designers’ creativity, furthermore is response to the nature, the environment and the sustainability. Different to the modern architecture around 1900s, today’s architecture has more meaning; particularly with the improvement of the materials, science and technology, the architecture represents more for the society. In synthesizing material culture and technologies within the expanding relationship between the computer and architecture, this phenomenon defines a digital continuum from design to production, from form generation to fabrication design[3].
[1]Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10 [2]Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10 [3]Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25
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A
s a significant part of the modern city
life, car is available for each family. In Hong Kong, the high density, fast pace of life and lack of the available land result in the problem of car parking. For this project, its aim is to romanticize the car as an active urban object while simultaneously implementing sustainable strategies. Besides, the program is not just for the car parking, but also including shopping, food and landscaping aspects. 14 14
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ts rotational design illustrates the understanding of
the modern life and looks to capture new potentials for Hong Kong’s infrastructural personality by integrating the ritual of “the drive� with mixed programs. By using the digital design tools to realize most possibilities of the project with the irregular shape. The car is viewed as an active urban object while also adding a new storm water management strategy that creates landscape retreats in the sky and irrigates the athletic field occupying the ground plane. It is a civic and mix-use armature tangled up in a kinetic rotation of animated circulation.
Figure 8
HONG KONG CAR PARK PROPOSAL INTERFACE STUDIO ARCHITECTS
Figure 9
Figure 10
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Figure 11
Figure 12
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Figure 13
KREOD Chun Qing Li of Pavilion Architecture
A
s an innovation architectural sculpture, KREOD pavilion was designed
by Chun Qing Li of Pavilion Architecture and located between Emirates Air Lines and The O2, next to Peninsula Square at Greenwich Peninsula. This project is famous for its organic form, environmentally friendly and the inspiration from nature. It was designed to be three pod-like pavilions are formed with a wooden structural framework comprised of an open hexagonal composition and each double-curved wooden shell encloses a footprint of 20 square meters. For further, a waterproof tensile membrane seals the interior from the elements. Fully portable with demountable joints; the individual components may be stacked for efficient transportation. Considering about the material, ebony timber is a durable, resistant and eco-friendly choice ideal for both interior and exterior environments. Currently serving as exhibition spaces, the small buildings may eventually be used or manufactured on a larger scale as office meeting spaces, garden or bicycle sheds.
B
y using the most advanced parametric design tools and digital fabri-
cation, this project brought together lots of the most talented architects, engineers and innovative materials to make a challenge on current minds and showcase the sustainable and future thinking building methods.
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A.3 COMPOSITION/GENERATION
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An algorithm is a recipe, method, or technique for doing something[1]. - Definition of ‘Algorithm’
W
ith the high speed improvement of the technology around the world in all areas,
digital technologies have been embraced by architectural designs and practices for the efficiency of workflow and the accuracy of the constructions. Architects are developing digital tools that create opportunities in design process, fabrication and constructions[2]. Using built architectural projects, this issue provides insight into emerging design approaches that use computation as a design method. In the past decades, architects developed skills of the computation that is redefining the practice of architecture. What is the computation? Designers came up their ideas at first in the mind, and then they use computer to illustrate their designs; such as taking software like CAD, make it easier to draw the draft and increase the precision of drawings. Instead of the “computation”, designers became more prefer to “computerisation”. To compare between the computation and computerisation, the second one is more related to algorithmic thinking, parametric modelling and scripting cultures.
[1]Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12 [2]Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15
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T
R
face of it is quite brilliant both in daytime and night;
ods. It is comprised of a 14 meters lattice structure and
besides, either the experiences of looking from out-
made from 169,300 pieces of aluminum and steel.
side and inside are fabulous. Wolfgang Buttress took
The accuracy calculations and designed process are
the idea of the beehive for this project and it is one of
taken use of the computerization to built the surface
the first pavilions to complete for 2015 Milan Expo. The
by the regular shaped aluminum and steel. Intensive
idea of the shape is to highlight the plight of honey-
structure for the whole project indicated that the digi-
bee and provides an “immersive sensory experience”
tal design method is necessary for the design process.
for visitors, also leave visitors with a “lasting flavor of
The generative design is obvious shown by this project
the British landscape”. The dome structured the site
for the reason that it demonstrates the possibilities of
at the end of a meandering wildflower meadow that
biomimetic structures can be perfectly realized by
leads visitors to the “hive”. For inside, a sensory com-
algorithm design. Besides, the efficiency of materials
position of audio and visual effects wills mimic the
choices can be improved during the computerization.
activity of an existing beehive in Nottingham.
Computerisation becomes more and more popular
his pavilion is one of my favorite projects for the
algorithmic architecture. The special shape and sur-
eference to the design of the pavilion, it is con-
structed and framed by the digital architectural meth-
and necessary for nowadays’s architectural design and creates more possibilities of changeable times.
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Figure 14
UK PAVILION, MILAN EXPO Wolfgang Buttress Figure 15
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PLEATED INFLATION MARC FORNES & THEVERYMANY T
his project is the last one of the “structural shingle” group of projects taken by Marc FORNES & THEVERYMANY
and it is a new permanent installation located in France. This group of projects are famous for the parametric design, the efficiency of materials and particular the “structural shingle” of the project. It is made up of pleated aluminium sheets that related to the firm’s computational design technique. Taking advanced, mature computerisation design for creating new styles of sculptures, discovering more possibilities of architecture during the design process. Digital technology is useful for ensuring successful constructability but demonstrate alternative methods of design using computers[1].
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o consider about its form, the design was devel-
oped through computational protocols of structural form finding, descriptive geometry, and stress flow driven porosity. A voluminous space was created with minimal lightweight material for the reason that a 2D network of lines as a footprint inflates and expands in the air. According to the structure, this project built a body of research into lightweight, self-supporting systems that unify skin, structure, ornamentation and spatial experience. Named with the “structural shingle”, it is made up of 990 shingles, each overlapping their neighbour to form tangential continuity and rigidity.
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he computational design technique simultane-
ously serves as the project’s structure, enclosure, and its primary architectural component. This offers that once generation algorithm completed for one project, we can create what we want actually for our ideas.
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Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
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A.4 CONCLUSION
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Figure 19
A
ccording to last three weeks, refer to all staff I have
learned, the part A is an introduction for the future, for the most advanced digital architecture design technology. Whit the high-speed development of the modern society, the changes of the situation of the nature, the world, it is time for designers, architects to change their attitudes, their thoughts, their methods about architecture. Obviously nowadays, sustainability is the most important mind for any areas; thus, for architecture, to consider it in a different emphasis; instead of the functional aspect, preferred concerning on the relationship with environment.
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n order to achieve sustainable ways for architectural design, which improving the efficiency, discovering more
possible materials, inspiring creations by computerization. Designers have changed their ways of illustrating ideas by computations, such as CAD. For further, some of them have shifted to computerization, which generating forms to create what they want in their minds. For me, I prefer the computerization, for the reason that I find it is brilliant to enjoy the process of creating designs with various kinds of possibilities. Grasshopper is the software for digital fabrication, algorithmic design we learned for improving skills of innovative architecture. Using the grasshopper to inspire the idea, and then to develop it, enjoy the changing process and achieve the result. This is the new approach for architects to make designs that is different to past ways.
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t is significant to design in this digital way as for the development of the society, changing with times
is the best way for this area, also for human beings. Taking use of the technology to create better design in a more efficient way for more sustainable lifestyle. For architects, they will enjoy more convenient methods for working. For people, they will achieve better environment for living, working and relaxing.
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A.5. Learning Outcomes
D
uring last three weeks, from a stranger of the fabrication design to be a beginner of com-
puterization. My understanding of architecture achieved obvious improvement for this discipline. For one hand, I feel that digital designing and computerization by using grasshopper offers more possibilities to future, better life and a different way of thinking. For another hand, the limitation of being a beginner of algorithmic thinking, makes me comprehend that I should learn more about the digital design, understand the future thinking better. With the learning of grasshopper, it brings me better thinking about the relationship between nature and architecture. It is closer and more comprehensive for us to understand nature as a consequence. Modeling is not just a representation of my finished idea or design; it also can be a process of designing, provides much more possibilities for the improvement of the idea, even of the materials and improves efficiency of designing; particularly expresses and illustrates more sustainable thinking and understanding about architecture.
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A.6. Appendix Algorithmic Sketches
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PICTURE REFERENCES Figure 1: http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2014/04/01/oma_axel_ springer.html Figure 2: http://www.archdaily.com/490298/oma-tops-big-buro-olescheeren-to-design-axel-springer-campus-in-berlin Figure 3: http://www.archdaily.com/459281/big-oma-buro-os-to-compete-for-new-media-campus-in-berlin Figure 4: http://www.detail.de/artikel/oma-scheeren-big-drei-finalistenbei-springer-wettbewerb-in-berlin-11528/ Figure 5: http://oma.eu/projects/idea-vertical-campus Figure 6: http://3d-entrepreneurs.blogspot.com.au/2010/10/pragmaticsand-precedents.html Figure 7: http://oma.eu/projects/idea-vertical-campus Figure 8: http://www.evolo.us/architecture/car-park-proposal-for-hongkong-interface-studio-architects/ Figure 9: http://www.evolo.us/architecture/car-park-proposal-for-hongkong-interface-studio-architects/ Figure 10:http://www.evolo.us/architecture/car-park-proposal-for-hongkong-interface-studio-architects/ Figure 11: http://www.archdaily.com/275460/kroed-chun-qing-li-of-pavilion-architecture/kreod_pavilions_0002 Figure 12:http://blog.bellostes.com/?cat=138 Figure 13:http://www.archdaily.com/275460/kroed-chun-qing-li-of-pavilion-architecture/jro_9302 Figure 14: http://www.bdonline.co.uk/milans-british-pavilion-promises-tobe-the-queen-bee/5073298.article Figure 15: http://www.archdaily.com/632916/gallery-the-top-5-worldexpo-pavilions Figure 16: http://www.ozdoof.com/cool-structures-design/ Figure 17: http://inhabitat.com/marc-fornes-ultralight-informal-amphitheater-infrance-looks-like-an-opening-chrysalis/marc-fornes-theverymany-chrysalis-3/ Figure 18: http://www.arch2o.com/the-chrysalis-marc-fornes-theverymany/
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Figure 19: http://xsalas.com/post/100478061978
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