6 essential satellite services that critical infrastructures depend on

By Dr Jordan Plotnek, Lead Partner for Critical Infrastructure at Anchoram Consulting

It is well known that critical infrastructures on Earth rely heavily on space systems to function effectively, however the exact nature of this dependency is less commonly understood. Quantifying this mysterious link is an important step to navigating supply chain risk management for critical infrastructure operators and enabling a mission-focused security and resilience strategy for satellite service providers. With this in mind, let’s dive into the top six satellite capabilities that critical infrastructure sectors need to continue delivering these essential services to society.

Communications

Satellite services provide essential communication links for terrestrial critical infrastructures. They enable voice, data, and video transmissions, especially in remote or hardto-reach areas where terrestrial communications may be limited. Satellites support communication networks for various sectors, including emergency services, national defence, transportation, utilities, and public safety. Satellite services also bridge the connectivity gap in areas with limited terrestrial internet infrastructure or for assets on the move, such as trains, trucks, ships, and aircraft.

Positioning, Navigation, and Timing

Many critical infrastructures heavily depend on systems like the Global Positioning System (GPS) for precise positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) applications. PNT satellites provide accurate location data that is used in sectors such as transportation, emergency response, military, and utility management systems. Continuous access to a single source of time is also vital for critical infrastructures that cover large geographical areas and those whose integrity depends on accurate time stamping. Precise timing requirements are crucial for electric grid synchronisation, telecommunications, and financial systems, with potential implications including economic loss, reduced safety and security, and loss of human life.

Weather Monitoring and Forecasting

Satellite-based weather monitoring systems play a vital role in the protection of terrestrial critical infrastructure. Weather satellites provide real-time and continuous observations of atmospheric conditions, allowing for accurate weather forecasting and emergency preparation. This information is crucial for sectors like aviation, agriculture, energy, and disaster management; helping to keep populations safe and life-critical services intact regardless of environmental challenges.

Remote Sensing and Monitoring

Satellites equipped with remote sensing technologies gather data about the Earth's surface, atmosphere, and oceans. This information is valuable for monitoring critical infrastructure components such as pipelines, power transmission lines, dams, and bridges. Satellite remote sensing aids in identifying potential hazards, assessing infrastructure health, and detecting anomalies or environmental changes. It is also heavily relied on in the mining and resources industries to minimise environmental impacts and ensure accurate drilling and digging operations with minimal wastage.

Operational Continuity and Resilience

During natural disasters, cyberattacks, and other emergencies that may degrade critical infrastructure operations, satellite services become indispensable as a fail-safe redundancy measure. Satellites facilitate temporary communication restoration when terrestrial networks are damaged or overloaded and enable secondary backup channels for remote monitoring and management. They also support search and rescue operations, provide situational awareness through imagery, and help coordinate relief efforts through Earth observation for analysis and planning.

Surveillance and Security

Satellites equipped with imaging capabilities can provide surveillance and security services for critical infrastructure sites and government operations. They assist in monitoring and protecting facilities, borders, coastlines, and other sensitive areas. Satellite imagery can also help to detect unauthorised activities, identify potential threats, and support security personnel in taking appropriate actions, as well as providing real-time intelligence to decision makers. Taking advantage of space for critical infrastructure Society’s dependence on satellites is growing rapidly due to a boom in innovation and awareness of the benefits space systems bring, including opportunities to improve our way of life here on Earth. Satellites enable communication, positioning, timing, monitoring, sensing, and observation to ensure the smooth and continuous operation of essential services across various critical infrastructure sectors. These services have become integral to the continuous functioning, reliability, resilience, and security of terrestrial critical infrastructures and society more broadly. In conjunction with a risk management program, satellite services can enhance the security of terrestrial infrastructure and ensure operational resilience. For satellite service providers it is equally prudent to consider client use cases and provide an adequate level of security assurance for safety-critical applications.