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Campus protests erupt over divestment issue

Senior Mark Russell keeps watch over candles at Denver Smith-Steve Biko memorial service held in September. The memorial was one of many activities students took part in to protest the University's failure to use divestment as a way to express opposition toward apartheid.

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t began on a sunny weekend late in April 1985, when a handful of students and Bloomington residents set up camp ouitside Bryan Hall to protest IU's more than $3 million of investments in companies operating in South Africa.

The University's investment policy then said IU would invest in companies operating in South Africa only if they followed the Sullivan Principles or similar equal-rights guidelines.

Protesters thought this did not state clearly enough the University's opposition to South Africa's segregationist policy of apartheid. So they asked IU administrators for three things: complete divestment of South African-related stock as a gesture of disapproval of apartheid, a public forum about IU investment and a committee to examine IU's investment policies. "We're not going to stop until our demands are met," said protester Bongi Busika. Protest marches and candlelight vigils continued throughout the summer and fall. "People slough it off as a radical movement, and it's really not that," said Elena Bazanos, a member of the Bloomington Free South Africa Coalition protest group. "It's a concern for humanity."

The IU Board of Trustees sponsored a daylong information forum Sept. 20 to allow board members to make an informed decision about divestment. Trustees' President Richard Stoner said the forum presented a large amount of information and "a good diversity of views" about the issue.

Speaking by telephone linkup from his home in Johannesburg, South Africa, was Bishop Desmond Tutu, the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize winner and a leader of the South African anti-apartheid movement. "The presence of those companies in which you invest foster a policy which I consider more vicious than ... communism," Tutu said. "You need to define quite equivocally whether you are wanting to align yourselves ... with those who are the victims or those who are the perpetrators."

Support for the divestment movement continued. The 1U Student Association called for complete divestment. The Bloomington Faculty Council asked the trustees to adopt a policy on divestment. And two faculty-sponsored petitions each gathered signatures from about 20 percent of IU-Bloomington's faculty members.

But trustees were concerned about the financial effects of divestment. "It's very difficult for a person who is involved in managing other people's money to let social and philosophical issues be involved in investments," said trustee Joseph Black.

On Nov. 1, the board did not vote for divestment. Instead, it adopted what one trustee called a "strengthened" investment policy. The new policy required, among other things, that IU's treasurer annually review the companies it owns stock in to determine whether they provide equal-opportunity employment and help upgrade the quality of life for South African blacks.

The Free South Africa Coalition called the new policy "too little, too late." And IUSA voted to "let the trustees know we haven't forgotten the issue" by selling Christmas cards critical of the decision.

At their April meeting, the trustees voted to divest about $42,000 of stock in two companies operating in South Africa because they did not meet the new policy. Shortly afterward, protesters built a shantytown in Dunn Meadow to continue the pressure to divest. "It's a definite place where people know they can stop by — it's like having an office," said freshman Andrew Henderson. "We want to keep pushing and generate interest on this. It's not going to fade away."

And it didn't over the summer, despite harassment from people throwing rocks, eggs and tear gas. The protesters voted to keep the shantytown — and the pressure —

— By Leah Lorber

Shantytown went up in Dunn Meadow in April as another way for students to protest the trustees policy toward divestment.

Terrorism, fires, AIDS, dominate fall headlines

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errorism — and America's response to it — dominated the headlines throughout the year.

Nearly simultaneous attacks on airports in Rome and Vienna in early January were merely another chapter in the tale of terrorism. Despite security precautions, terrorists armed with hand grenades and automatic rifles were responsible for 15 deaths in Rome's airport; three in Vienna's. A dissident splinter group of the Palestine Liberation Organization claimed responsibility for the attacks.

Earlier, in October, the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro was hijacked by terrorists. Leon Klinghoffer, a 69-year-old wheelchair-ridden American, was shot twice and thrown overboard. U.S. Navy pilots captured the four hijackers and suspected mastermind Mohammed Abu Abbas in a mid-air interception over Italy, but the Italian government said the United States did not provide adequate evidence to detain Abbas, and let him go.

On Sept. 19, Mexico City was hit with a powerful earthquake that devastated portions of the capital, demolished buildings and took a large toll of human life. Mexican television reported at least 250 dead and thousands injured. For four hours after the quake, aftershocks rocked central Mexico.

Another South American country was wracked with mudslides that buried four towns and killed more than 20,000 people when the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Columbia erupted on Nov. 14. IU graduate Michel duCille, working for the Miami Herald, won a Pulitzer Prize for his photographs of the tragedy.

The year with the most crashes in aviation history ended with a Dec. 12 crash on the snowy hills of Newfoundland that killed two crew members and 256 U.S. soldiers returning from peacekeeping duties in the Middle East.

Acquired immune deficiency

Wreckage from entertainer Ray Charles plane that crashed on landing at the Monroe County Airport.

photo/Chris Usher

syndrome's national publicity frenzy peaked when actor Rock Hudson announced in July he had the fatal affliction that attacks the body's immune system and leaves it susceptible to infection. His death in October helped fuel charity fund-raisers.

Meanwhile, local school boards argued whether children with AIDS should be allowed to attend school. Kokomo schoolboy Ryan White fought a long court battle to allow him to go to classes after the school board said he had to study at home with a telephone hook-up. At IU, administrators began working in September to develop a committee to establish a systemwide policy to deal with students with the disease.

Students returning in the fall got a jolt when Indiana's new happy-hour law went into effect Sept. 1. Daylong drink specials still were allowed, but two-for-one deals got the ax in an attempt to reduce the number of drunken drivers. Bar owners generally didn't seem to mind — they tended to lose money on the specials. But students who end long days of classes with a couple of cold drinks weren't as pleased. "It's a useless law, because people are still going to get annihilated whether it's happy hour or not," said junior Melissa Waldron.

The IU Foundation, the fund-raising arm of the University, went under an FBI investigation. Bill Armstrong, a member of the board of directors and former president, said the investigation could be linked to the 6 percent overhead the Foundation deducts from federal grants given to IU. Others speculated that the investigation was looking into cash advances — totaling almost $100,000 — some officials received during Armstrong's 31-year presidency for travel or as long-term, interest-free loans. Foundation President George Pinnell said he was concerned because the news of the investigation broke just before the formal announcement of the Campaign for Indiana, a five-year

drive to raise more than $200 million for IU.

The fall also was marked by three accidental campus-related fires. Police said none were caused by arson.

The first, on Sept. 8, demolished the IU Bookstore warehouse and caused about $250,000 worth of damage. The building — which contained financial records, computer terminals and printers, and IU souvenirs — was leveled in 90 minutes. Officials eventually determined the fire was electrical.

At midnight on Oct. 9, a second electrical fire occured in the machine room at the Indiana Memorial Union. About 200 Union guests were evacuated as firefighters doused flames from three separate fires. No injuries were reported. Several meeting rooms on the third floor were closed because of water and fire damage.

The last fire came Oct. 24, when a malfunctioning stereo component in Ashton Center's Mottier Hall caught on fire, causing the evacuation of 60 residents. Two suffered smoke inhalation.

Singer Ray Charles' October concert was postponed after his plane crashed at the Monroe Country airport. He was not injured, but his equipment was damaged. The plane's pilot was hospitalized with a lower-back injury.

After less than six months on the job, Morris Arnold, dean of the IU-Bloomington School of Law, was nominated in October by President Reagan to serve as a U.S. district judge in his home state of Arkansas. Arnold was named the IU law dean after an exhaustive year-long search. His departure left many wondering about the wisdom of his selection when it was well known that he was being considered for a federal position. He was the third dean of the School of Law to leave IU in three years.

— By Jennifer Orsi and Jeff Salyers

Winning record brings out spirit

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he 1985 Homecoming celebration sparked a renewed enthusiasm among students and alumni, partly because the football team's 4-1 record was its best start in years.

Students dressed in cream and crimson and "Gotta Get Them Gophers" T-shirts for the 27th annual Homecoming parade. Fraternities, sororities, dorms and independents made floats and lawn displays portraying the "Distinction in the Heartland" theme.

Parade entries were judged on originality, theme, appearance, ingenuity and construction. Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity and Delta Zeta sorority won a $200 prize for the best float; Delta Upsilon fraternity and Gamma Phi Beta sorority won a $100 prize for the best lawn display.

The weekend also was the official kickoff for the IU Foundation's Campaign for Indiana fund-raiser and included a national satellite hook-up of the ceremonies.

On game day, the weather wasn't perfect, but few seemed to mind. Umbrellas of various colors dotted the crowd of about 28,350. "All the spirit is fantastic and the team deserves to have their fans behind them, especially when they are having a winning season," said senior Teresa Bailey.

At the halftime show, IU-Bloomington Vice President Kenneth Gros Louis crowned junior John Shannon and senior Dawn Copple as the 1985 Homecoming king and queen with cowboy hats.

Even Minnesota's 22-7 victory couldn't dampen the fans' spirit. "I'm still going to party. It doesn't matter if IU lost, this is still Homecoming and losing doesn't change that," said sophomore Kim Dickerson.

— By Wendy Myers

Halloween

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X-rated movie sparks arrest, porn debate

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he time-honored tradition of showing X-rated films as dormitory fund-raisers may be coming to an end.

IU graduate David Henderson is scheduled to stand trial Nov. 12 on Class A misdemeanor charges of obscene performance for showing t he film "Insatiable." His trial, originally scheduled for May, was postponed after Judge Douglas Bridges ruled students must be included in the pool of potential jurors.

Wright Quad residents scheduled the film in November to raise money for Dodds House expenses, including intramural sports and the Little 500 bike team. The first night went off without a hitch. But members of the IU Police Department, acting on a search warrant requested by Monroe County Prosecutor Ron Waicukauski, confiscated the film during the Saturday-night showing.

Waicukauski first filed a civil suit against Henderson, based on the Indiana law that says the state can confiscate property — the reel-to-reel film — if it might have been used in a crime. Waicukauski requested a jury trial, which was opposed by Henderson's attorney, Douglas Van Winkle.

Van Winkle filed a response to the suit, claiming the statute did not allow jury trials in confiscation actions. Waicukauski dismissed the civil suit and issued a warrant for Henderson's arrest in January.

By then, Henderson was living in Coral Gables, Fla., and looking for a job. Although he couldn't be extradicted, he agreed to return for a trial. "I couldn't run away from something I started like that," he said.

Although Waicukauski warned him he might be prosecuted, Henderson said he wasn't overly concerned. "Our motivations were purely economic," he said the day the warrant was issued. "Looking around town at other X-rated theaters, we had no idea I

art/Randy Mishler

would be prosecuted."

Waicukauski said he charged Henderson because it is his responsibility to enforce the law and because he had received complaints from community members about allowing X-rated movies to be shown on state-supported property. He said he had chosen not to prosecute the 1984 showing of "Deep Throat" because it was an annual tradition.

Some students — including Henderson — charged Waicukauski was selectively prosecuting Henderson while ignoring X-rated films shown at Bloomington theaters and rented from local video stores. "If I'm guilty, there are an awful lot of people renting videos who are guilty too," Henderson said. "If there are so many people breaking the law, I suppose the prosecutor will want to hurry up and arrest them, too."

But Waicukauski said he had not recently received complaints about the theaters and that he had prosecuted a drive-in theater in 1983 for showing X-rated films. "It's my duty to respond to complaints," he said. "I have to make resource allocations all the time, and when there's a feeling (in the community) that this is wrong, I should respond."

In the Monroe Superior Court file for Henderson's case, there is a petition with more than 100 student signatures protesting pornographic films on campus and several letters from Bloomington residents congratulating Waicukauski for his action.

Although Waicukauski said these documents are irrelevant in determining if "Insatiable" is obscene and if Henderson is guilty, many students wondered how fair the trial will be. According to Indiana law, obscenity is determined by the dominant community standards. And, although the film was open only to IU students and staff, jurors will be selected from all of Monroe County. "How representative of a student body can a jury possibly be in this type of community and county?" junior Steve G. Ross asked Waicukauski at an April Wright Quad discussion.

Henderson said he believes the May ruling to postpone the trial was a victory. Now, he hopes the jurors are "good, honest people who live with clear conscience and vision."

Waicukauski said that in most trials, about half of the jurors are somehow connected with the University. He also rejected suggestions that IU be judged as a separate community, which he said would exclude it from other community laws.

Henderson said that when the trial gets underway, he is confident he will be found innocent. If convicted, however, he could face up to a year in prison and a $5,000 fine. "That's pretty stiff for my hypothetical crime," he said. "But if the people of Indiana want to pay for my time at Michigan City when I'd rather be contributing to the economy of southern Florida, well, I guess I'll be busting rocks."

The outcome of the case could affect students' willingness to sponsor more screenings of X-rated films. And Waicukauski said it is likely he would prosecute students showing X-rated films again — depending on their content. "If the jury in this one case finds that this movie is not obscene, and (if) I would bring another case, it is likely 1 would examine the material and assess whether it is more offensive than the 'Insatiable' film," he said.

If nothing else, it may force students to find other ways to raise money. Because the police seized the film, "Insatiable" was a failure as a fund-raiser. "Actually, we lost a huge amount of money (about $700)," Henderson said. "But if you want to apply broader criteria, the opportunity to defend an individual freedom is worth any cost."

— By Kelly Boring and Diane Walker

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All-Nighter leaves funseekers Rich-er

omedian Rich Little cleared the courts at the l.._)Wildermuth Intramural Center on Feb. 7 with a surprise appearance to at the 11th annual Spirit of Sport All-Nighter. "Ladies and gentlemen, live from the Spirit of Sport, the president of the United States," announced disc jockey Chris Michaels on WTTS radio.

A crowd of onlookers flocked to the WTTS stage at the front of the gym to watch Little sing "Happy Birthday to Me" in a mock of President Reagan's voice and take requests from the crowd in a 10-minute encore of his show at the IU Auditorium earlier in the evening.

Little imitated Miss Piggy, Howard Cosell and Jimmy Carter, but refused to do IU basketball coach Bob Knight. "Bobby has enough trouble doing himself," he said.

Before Little left the stage, junior Lauren Reynolds presented him with a red Sprit of Sport T-shirt. "The T-shirt sales really picked up after that," she said.

Little signed autographs and shook hands with people in the crowd as he made his way out of the gym. "Anything for Special Olympics," said Little, who has a handicapped nephew.

Little's appearance highlighted the annual fund-raiser, which combines fun and competition. The event has earned the title as the largest groupfund-raiser for the Indiana Special Olympics by donating more than $84,000 in the last 11 years.

The 1986 all-righter raised $10,500. Part will be earmarked for the Bloomington area; the remaining funds will sponsor recreational activities and athletic training for handicapped children and adults across the state, said Dawn Racioppa, treasurer.

Dean of Students Michael Gordon was "arrested" earlier in the evening by members of the IU Student Foundation and incarcerated in a mock jail to raise money. Other students took photographs of him and stopped to talk. "I have not been given due process," Gordon said. "They have not read me my rights."

LEFT: Bouncing for dollars. BOTTOM: Belly flop competition.

IU Sings

4 igenmann Hall, with its "Steve and F Edie Live from Las Vegas," won its division and took first overall in the 57th annual production of IU Sing, "Pull Out the Stops."

It was the second consecutive year Eigenmann won its division in the competition, sponsored by the IU Foundation.

IU Sing, second only to the Spirit of Sport All-Nighter in student participation, allows students the opportunity to display their talents and diversity and gives them the chance to be in the spotlight. Ticket demand created the need for an extra show to be added this year, making IU Sing a three-day event.

The glory and thrill captured in each seven-minute act paid off for the performers, who prepared long and hard.

Originality was the key to success in the IU Sing. Eigenmann's Division-A skit, under direction of songleaders Kenneth Derby and Kathryn Lynn Marlow, both graduate students in music, was a parody of a show at Ceasar's Palace. "The act was so clever. It had little fun things all the way through. It kept you engrossed in the performance and I think that was the outstanding quality of it," said judge Kevin Butler, an IU graduate who has served as a musical director and songleader in past productions.

Gamma Phi Beta and Sigma Alpha Mu, winners of Division B and the choreography award, re-created Batman and Robin antics in their skit "Frat Man and Dorm Man," in which the caped crusaders defended their greek houses and dorms from evildoers.

Many others experienced success. Sigma Pi took second place in Division A. In Division B, Alpha Gamma Delta and Lambda Chi Alpha won second, Alpha Phi and Phi Gamma Delta took third and Alpha Chi Omega and Alpha Epsilon Pi were fourth. Wright Quad won first in Division C, with Willkie Quad second, Collins Center third and Sigma Delta Tau and Tau Kappa Epsilon fourth.

Production staff awards are presented each year to those acts with a perfect score in pre-production materials and performance cooperation. Eigenmann, Willkie, Read, Kappa Alpha Theta and Phi Kappa Psi, Sigma Delta Tau and Tau Kappa Epsilon, and Alpha Chi Omega and Alpha Epsilon Pi won these awards.

Fifteen songleader scholarships of $300 each were awarded by the IU Student Foundation, along with scholarships for two outstanding members.

The masters of ceremonies helped turn IU Sing into a professional show, as they performed musical and jazz pieces, along with the traditional hits. Top-notch and entertaining finales rounded out each performance and the audience's appreciation was heard in the thunderous applause.

— By Traci Brenner

"Watching a football team walk across a college campus is like watching Stonehenge in an earthquake." — Author of "The Right Stuff ', Oct. 1 Union Board lecture.

Tom Wolfe

Simon Wiesenthal

"A hundred dead people is a catastrophe — half a million is a statistic." — Nazi hunter, Nov. 14 Union Board Lecture.

Geraldine Ferraro

"When Walter Mondale chose me as his running mate, he did more for the cause of equal opportunity in one day than Ronald Reagan had done in four long years. We took down the 'Men Only' sign at the White House."

— Democratic vice presidential candidate, Feb. 14, Graduate Women in Business lecture.

unning out of time is something most children and their families do not have to be concerned about.

But time is something that David McConnell of Bloomington and his family did not have.

David was born with biliary, a liver disease. The average life span for children with this disease is 18 months if they do not have a transplant. David passed this age in January and was placed on a waiting list to receive a transplant. "I don't know what each day will bring," said David's mother, Suzanne McConnell, in the fall of 1985.

Dr. Karen West, David's pediatrician at IU's Riley Children's Hospital in Indianapolis, said biliary essentially causes cirrhosis of the liver. The disease occurs when the liver's common bile duct is malformed from birth. All the bile the body produces then stays in the liver, coating and eventually killing it.

When David was born, Suzanne and her husband, Danny, thought their son was fine. Nothing seemed wrong, except for his birth weight of 5 pounds, 9 ounces. Then he came down with a staph infection and wasn't eating. "All he wanted to do was sleep," his mother said.

The McConnells took their son to Bloomington Hospital. While he was there, he became yellow jaundiced. Doctors put him under a billi lamp to draw out the jaundice.

Doctors initially thought the treatment was taking a long time because of the staph infection. But when the lamp didn't solve the problem, David was transferred to Riley, where doctors thought he had hepatitis — until his tests all came back negative.

He then was diagnosed as having biliary.

Editor's Note: During the past year photographer Tom Hirschfeld and reporter Rebecca Collier followed the story of Bloomington's David McConnell, who was born with a defective liver. His only hope for survival was to receive a transplant, but no hospital would agree to the operation without some of the money upfront. So local residents, following a national tradition, helped the McConnells shoulder the burden by raising $100,000 in six months.

We wish we could report a happy ending. Instead, after contracting an infection, David McConnell died on May 9 in Riley Children's Hospital in Indianapolis. He was 21 months old. The following is a story about David and his parents' and the community's efforts to sustain his life.

So, instead of watching their son grow up normally, the McConnells had to concentrate their efforts toward a fund-raising campaign to pay for his liver transplant. At first, their insurance company refused to pay for the transplant, forcing them to try to raise the necessary $250,000.

They found help in Dave Cain, who became chairman of the "Let David Live" campaign. He heard about the family's situation in late July. Cain, the McConnells and Debi Schepers, the publicity coordinator for the campaign, went to work.

Bloomington Mayor Tomi Allison and Gov. Robert Orr proclaimed Sept. 28 David McConnell Day, coinciding with Kirkfest, a fall street festival. Many participating businesses donated a percentage of their profits from that day to the "Let David Live" campaign.

The fund-raising drive continued. Businesses continued to donate, and many put donation cannisters bearing David's picture near their check-out counters.

The community collected nearly $100,000 for the campaign. "I didn't realize we had such a closely knit community," Cain said.

Several courses of treatment were done to help David gain weight and to determine if he was a suitable candidate for a liver.

At 2 months old, David underwent a bilyastomy. During surgery, West took part of his intestine to allow bile to drain out of his liver into a plastic bag on the right side of his stomach, Suzanne said. The bilyastomy was supposed to be temporary, until David received a liver transplant. He was supposed to have it removed when he turned 1, but he didn't weigh enough, she said.

The doctors recommended a kangaroo pump for intravenous feeding, and David's weight increased dramatically. In addition to the pump,

David's father, Danny, plays with his son.

"he takes a whole pharmacy full of medicine," Suzanne said. "This disease is pretty un painful, and I'm thankful for that. It could be a lot worse."

In November 1985, David underwent tests at Riley to determine if his body could withstand a liver transplant. One test showed nothing was draining from his bilyastomy — not a good sign, his mother said. Another test was done to determine if the portal vein, the main place where the new liver would be connected, had grown along with him. When David went to Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago for tests to determine if he was a candidate for the transplant waiting list, Dr. James Williams, the transplant surgeon, said the vein was open. "David's disposition has made the whole thing easier," his father said. "He's so happy it kind of makes you forget what's going on."

In January, David's name finally was put on the donor waiting list for a match for his weight — 10 to 15 pounds — and blood type — A positive. For the operation to be successful, a liver must be transplanted within 12 hours of the donor's death.

Successful liver transplants offer the child a 90 percent chance of living a normal life.

At about that time, the McConnells received an agreement from their insurance company to pay for the cost of the transplant surgery. It would not, however, pay for any of the family's expenses while David was in the hospital. Cain said some of the money raised during the campaign would be used for those costs.

Although some children in David's situation live three or four years without receiving a liver transplant, most are not so fortunate. "He's already outlived the age of other babies with his disease," Cain said in the spring. "What it all boils down to is the Lord's will," Suzanne said. "If it's meant to be, it'll happen.".

But time ran out for David on May 9. He died of heart failure stemming from a combination of causes, including internal bleeding and complications from an ear infection. Cain said David had been steadily improving until he came down with the infection.

The money raised for his transplant will go to help children nationwide who need transplants, Cain said. Officials working with the "Let David Live" campaign are forming a corporation called Children's Organ Transplant Association and plan to launch a national awareness campaign about the need for donor organs. "There's a lot more work to do," Cain said. "We're not going to let the tragedy of little David stop what's needed to be done."

— Rebecca Collier

NASA cited for problems in space shuffle disaster

T here was no glory in space for the

United States in 1986.

After 24 successful space shuttle launches, the Jan. 28 explosion of Challenger and the loss of the seven crew members caused a major setback to what could have been the biggest year for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

National mourning over the accident was intensified because the flight included the first civilian, New Hampshire high school teacher, Christa McAuliffe.

Flights for the three remaining shuttles were postponed. Those flights would have carried a telescope that would project the first detailed images of the universe, communication satellites, experimental drugs and computer components — some of it supplied by private companies.

After the accident, educators, scientists and officials called for the continuation of space exploration. But the investigation by a presidential commission caused doubts to surface about NASA's safety precautions.

The investigation focused on the possibility that top NASA officials were aware of defects in the rocket booster seals that led to the accident. As more information about the disaster surfaced, it seemed that NASA's optimism about the space program came less from lofty aspirations than from pressure from military and commercial organizations to get the shuttle airborne.

— By Gina Binole

BELOW: McAuliffe family looks on as shuttle lifts off. RIGHT: Smoke streams from the exploded shuttle.

Pollack, Boston Herald

Ryan resignation, Libyan bombing mark spring news

U President John Ryan surprised the campus in mid-June with the announcement that he was resigning effective as soon as a replacement could be found. Ryan has been president of the system-wide University system since 1971.

In a press conference on June 13, Ryan said he wanted to devote his full energies to the IU Foundation's Campaign for Indiana (a fundraiser designed to raise millions for the University during the next few years) and to do that and remain president would be difficult.

International tensions increased when the United States and Libya skirmished in April over United State's right to travel in the Gulf of Sidra. U.S. Navy planes were attacked by Libyan surface-to-air missiles and U.S. aircraft fired on Libyan vessels.

Libyan leader Col. Moammar Ghadafy promptly vowed revenge. A week later, a suitcase bomb exploded on a TWA flight to Athens, killing four Americans. Ghadafy quickly distanced himself from the blast, saying it was a civilian target and he was "totally against" it.

But the United States gathered information linking Libya to the bombing of another civilian target a week later — this time a West Berlin disco. An American serviceman and a Turkish woman were killed. On April 14, U.S. planes bombed the Libyan capital of Tripoli and additional terrorist and military sites.

Terrorists around the world retaliated, executing three kidnap victims in Lebanon, trying to blow up an airliner and firebombing U.S. Marine quarters in Tunisia.

In February, a New York woman died after taking cyanide-laced Tylenol capsules, in a case reminiscent of the 1982 deaths of seven Chicago-area residents. Her death prompted Indiana to ban the sale of Tylenol capsules and local stores pulled the product of their shelves. Johnson and Johnson, the manufacturer, decided to no longer market the medicine in capsule form.

John Cougar Mellencamp films an

MTV commercial at the ATO house.

Radiation swept across western Europe and floated over the United States following an accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in April. The Soviet government raised an outcry when it did not report the accident immediately and then was reluctant to supply details. Unofficial death estimates ranged from 100 to 2,000 killed. The official Soviet estimate was far lower, although a U.S. doctor treating radiation patients said he expected many more to die as a result of the accident.

More than 300 Bloomington faculty members gathered in February for their first mass meeting since 1969. The topic: how much control individual departments should have in deciding faculty salaries.

Some IU students got a sneak preview of John Cougar Mellencamp's Little 500 concert in their own living room. On March 24, Mellencamp, several members of his band and an entourage of MTV officials, producers and cameramen spent the day at the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity house to film a promotion for the concert.

Along with Mellencamp and his band jamming to "Louie, Louie," the promotional clip featured popular IU landmarks and riders practicing for the race. During breaks in the filming, Mellencamp signed autographs, talked with students and ate lunch at the fraternity.

At least 12 tornadoes touched down in 13 Indiana counties in March — more than in the past two years. No one was killed, but 17 people were hospitalized and buildings were destroyed.

The Alpha Theater stopped showing X-rated films and became a $1 movie house. Manager and part-owner John Merrick said it was for financial reasons, adding that people can rent an X-rated videotape cheaply and watch it in their own homes.

At IU, officials at the Main Library decided in January to combat noise problems by banning group study and increasing the number of monitors. Study groups were defined by criteria that included whether the group took roll or was required to be there.

The Task Force on University Organization got mixed reviews when chairman Robert Bareikis, associate professor of germanic studies, unveiled a plan that recommended merging the administrations of the Bloomington and Indianapolis campuses by the year 2000 and creating an IU provost and executive director of academic affairs to assume some of the duties of the President's office.

— By Leah Lorber

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The Chic Bloomingtonian • • .

Swatched, tie-dyed and steely-thighed

his was the year Bloomington got

Benetton-ed. The store's post-preppy apparel had appeal to women bored with pink and green. What to wear with your rugby? Tenderized leather Reeboks, a pair of paisleyed pants and a Swatch watch — the latest in over-priced petroleum products. And while you're at it, don't forget to apply hair gel in quantities that could provide heating fuel to any number of Third-World villages.

But there were ends of campus that shunned the Bennetton look for Shantytown chic. South of Seventh Street, the tie-dye look (Rit-dye, rubber bands and white tees) played big. Strategically placed yellow ribbons and ripped jeans were paired with very warm sleeping bags for cool rainy nights at social consciousness campground.

Bruce Springsteen never came to Bloomington. Didn't matter much. He came close enough on his 18-month tour to drive half of Bloomington into Brucemania. No measure on whether long-neck Buds are in strong demand at Big Red Liquors.

Liquor doesn't come served in those super-cheap happy hour specials anymore. Thanks to a state law banning such price reductions, some Bloomington bars have resorted to having "Happy Days." Somehow, it just isn't the same.

Indy rocker Henry Lee Summer stopped haunting Jake's and the Bluebird this year. He has made the big time — an IU Auditorium full of teeny-boppers.

No measure on whether Michael J. Fox, the first name in cutesy, had much of an impact on collegiate types. The College Mall did have "Back to the Future" for an awfully long time.

One movie that did some time in Bloomington was "The Color Purple" — the Stephen Spielberg, Whoppi Goldberg, Alice Walker collaboration that had a preview in Bloomington, thanks to the people at the Black Film Center/Archive. But even a movie that's nominated for lots of Oscars has a problem with name recognition. The theater owner reportedly said "The Color What . . ." when asked to present the preview. And one man, gaping at the huge line waiting to get in the theater gleefully asked, "Is this the line for Rambo?"

About the only celebrity not to appear on "Miami Vice" this season was IU's own Bobby Knight. Knight, who apparently gave up throwing chairs this season, has also given up on plaid coats. The new Knight strolls on to the court decked in golf sweaters that take about as much beating as Northwestern during a typical outing.

The new trend for the IU football team is not to lose, at least in September. The soccer team introduced losing — on rare occasion — this year, but they did lose a game on the way to the national championships, making this the first time in four years that the team hasn't been in the NCAA finals. Come on guys, you're sluffing off.

Can we speculate on why the University went crazy with the landscaping this season? Did an alumnus donate 10,000 bushels of tulip bulbs? And after all that effort was expended to plant tulips, they were dying by Founder's Day and dead by graduation weekend. The parents just had to settle for green grass, new cream and crimson signs and lots of mulch.

Mulch? Farms?, Johnny Cougar! Little 500, with all its partying hype, wasn't enough for the folks at the Foundation. They had to bring us John Cougar Mellencamp to go along with our steely-thighed bikers and kegs of beer. So the "World's Greatest College Weekend" might have come close to its billing in 1986, if you could keep your car out of a traffic jam long enough to get to a keg.

— C. Liden

The Events •

hroughout April, the campus seems to have one thing in mind — Little 500.

The IU Student Foundation estimates that close to 1,500 students take part in Little 500 activities each year, in everything from cycling to relay races. And 1986 proved to be a year for breaking records and setting new trends.

The Stonies raced past Collins Graitas 36-31 to win the women's competition in the second annual Miss-and-Out bike race, and Phi Kappa Psi defeated Phi Delta Theta 62-60 for the men's title. Individually, Marci Popp of the Stonies and Phi Delt Dave Holleran took the checkered flags. In the Team Pursuit competition, the Phi Delis were runner-ups again, this time to the Cutters, the eventual Little 500 champs.

An all-male, all-rookie team, McNutt Quad Dejoya II T.L.W., captured the pole position and won the race for the first time in Mini 500 history. Dejoya II captured the title when runner-up Who Knows — the 1985 winner — and third-place finisher Kappa Alpha Theta fouled in the final heat.

Senior Brooke Sterrett, a rider for Kappa Alpha Theta, said she was not bothered by being defeated by a male team. "A lot of people have told us since we were beaten by an all-male and a coed team, we are the top girls' team," she said.

The Speed Demons won the fifth annual Big Red Relay. It was the fourth consecutive win for the Demons, coasted in ahead of the second-place Stogges. Overall, independent teams made the best showing, as Boston, the Read Runners and the Static Striders took third, fourth and fifth, respectively.

Senior Stephen Hoffman, a member of the Speed Demons, said the team's consistency has accounted for the four-year winning streak. He said all but three runners returned from last year's championship team. "We try to keep the same people together on our team," he said. "When we want to fill spots, we take people we've heard of or know are good runners."

— By Michelle Hopkins

The Race

n many ways, it was business as usual in the Little 500, as the Cutters captured the title for the second time in three years.

For the Cutters, though, this year was different. Even though they only had a three-man team — they had lost Vince Hoeser to a collarbone injury in practice earlier in the week and had no alternate riders — the Cutters still crossed the finish line with a record-breaking time of 2:01.49.

The Cutters' Tony Ceccanese sprinted past Alpha Epsilon Pi's Jim Pollak at the finish line to take the title. "I stayed on Jim's wheel until after the fourth turn," Ceccanese said. "He seemed tired and I felt fresh, so I went for it and passed him from the outside."

He said the move would not have been successful if the team had not been positioned well throughout the race. "Everyone did his job well," he said.

In 1984, it had been the Cutters' Adam Giles and Pollak in the sprint at the end, with Giles edging Pollak. In 1986, AEPi's Sheldon Weiss had carved a quarter-lap lead with less than seven laps to go before handing off to Pollak. Their lead was nearly blown, however, when Pollak dropped the bike in the exchange. He hung on to race Ceccanese to the finish.

Chris Gutowsky, an IU School of Law graduate and the Cutters' coach, said it was overall strength that helped them win. He said the team knew it was one of the strongest when it won Team Pursuit. "Even though we lost a guy, we had been one of the strongest teams before," Gutowsky said. "So we knew we had to be at least in the top two or three teams come race day."

Gutowsky said when Hoeser was knocked out of the lineup, the team knew it had to adjust to a new situation. "Our preparation was so good that even though we lost one of our strongest riders on Wednesday, our team was so confident that we could look past that," he said.

Before the race, AEPi rider Marc Korman noted it would take a strong rider to beat Pollak during the final sprint. "Tony proved to be that rider," teammate Stuart Mandelbaum said. "At least Jim was beat by a great rider."

— By Michelle Hopkins

Hirschfeld

Crash in the first turn.

BELOW: A Cinzano teamate screams approval as their rider takes over first place early in the race.

A Kappa Delta Rho rider grabs for his bike as the pack closes in.

BOTTOM: Americana rider lies exhausted in the pit. LEFT: Visitors rider gets a spectator shoulder rub.

" i 4.4

LEFT: Alpha Epsilon Pi sprinter Jim Pollak lies in the infield after coming in second. BOTTOM: AEPi team members hold each other in apprehension during the race's final lap.

LEFT: Cutters' sprinter Tony Ceccanese raises his arms in victory after crossing the finish line. BOTTOM: Jay Polsgrove, Ceccanese, Vince Hoeser on the trophy stand. The 4th team member, George Carlin is not pictured.

The Weekend • . .

THE WORLD'S GREATEST COLLEGE WEEKEND.

Some Purdue students have been known to say that the slogan is only IU-inspired propaganda. They obviously weren't in Bloomington last May.

IU was invaded by out-of-towners hungry for a weekend of hot weather, good music and cold beer. For a month Bloomington, John Cougar Mellencamp and Little 500 were plugged day and night by MTV Video Jockeys as part of their "MTV's Ultimate College Weekend with John Cougar Mellencamp" contest.

So what did the Bloomingtonians get? They didn't get clear passage from their apartment bedroom to the bathroom. Friends, friends of friends and strangers camped everywhere. Beer flowed freely. Driving in town was a liability — at 1:30 a.m. Sunday there still were traffic jams on North Jordan Avenue.

The bicycle race, the formal excuse for all the partying, was another example of weekend excesses. Temperatures soared close to 90 degrees. A new attendance record was set. Almost 32,000 people jammed into Bill Armstrong Stadium for the event, 2,000 more than last year's record-setting crowd. And the Cutters, in a case of real life imitating the movie "Breaking Away," won the race for a second time in (what else?) record time. More amazingly, they did it with only three riders after junior Vince Hoeser broke his collarbone in practice.

The high point of the weekend, though, was John Cougar Mellencamp's return to Bloomington. The announcement that Mellencamp would end his "Scarecrow" tour at IU came the week before Spring Break, and the news traveled fast.

But the announcement came with a warning from IU Athletic Director Ralph Floyd that the use of Memorial Stadium was "a one-time-only exception."

The ticket sales sparked controversy and confusion that continued until the week of the concert. About 16,000 seats were reserved for IU students. On Wednesday, March 26, students purchased vouchers for up to four tickets. Those same students, with IDs in hand, picked up their tickets at Memorial Stadium on Saturday, the day that tickets went on sale to the public. By Friday night, hundreds of camped-out students had encircled the stadium and formed long lines at every Bloomington Ticketmaster location.

The ticket controversy began when tickets were sold to football players who didn't have to stand in line. Although it appeared initially to violate the National Collegiate Athletic Association rule against special benefits for athletes, the Big Ten decided it didn't because the players paid for the tickets.

The controversy continued when many of those who camped out received seats no better than those who purchased them a day or two later. And some ticketholders arrived to discover that their seats didn't exist or that someone else had bought a ticket for the same seat.

The show began an hour and half later than scheduled with 43,000 people in the stands. Some who weren't lucky enough to get tickets to the sold-out show sat outside the south end of the stadium to listen. Some of them got a little too rowdy, ripping down a goalpost on a football practice field while Mellencamp sang "The Authority Song."

One interesting fan was spotted in the parking lot before the concert — 84-year-old IU Chancellor Herman B Wells. He later said he enjoyed the show very much. "It was very entertaining, exciting and delightful . . . and

appropriate climax to the weekend. I'm so pleased that Johnny Cougar would be willing to participate," he said.

The show opened with Mellencamp's grandmother singing the beginning of "Small Town." At least one person in the audience didn't recognize her and began yelling "Where's John Cougar? I paid to see John Cougar. Get her off the stage!" Someone else shouted back, "Man, that's his grandma."

Mellencamp opened with "Small Town" and quickly moved on to "Jack and Diane," one of the songs that launched his nationwide popularity.

The crowd responded enthusiastically when Mellencamp inquired, "What are we doing after the show tonight, guys?" As the shouts died down he said, "This is the 'first stadium show that I've done . . . . It doesn't seem like too long ago that I was playing Jake's and Oscar's. It's made me feel like I've got someplace to come home to."

Mellencamp gave a lecture on the needs of the American farmer — his favorite cause. He then broke into a string of five songs, aptly starting with "Rain on the Scarecrow."

Just before intermission he told a story about coming home to Seymour for his 10-year high school reunion. He explained that while in Paris he wrote a song for a high school sweetheart he hadn't seen in years. He was humbled to learn at the reunion the relationship "had worn out in high school" and that she wasn't really impressed with his fame. Listening to the song about herself, she said, "Well, it's not one of your best — but thanks for thinking about me." He quieted the laughter with "Ain't Even Done With the Night."

The second set began with some of Mellencamp's rowdier hits including, "Tumblin' Down," "R.O.C.K. in the U.S.A.," "Play Guitar," "The Authority Song" and "Pink Houses."

He left a darkened stage to cries of "Cougar! Cougar!" Returning for an encore, he said, "Well, all right. Thank you very much." "Ready to keep going?" he asked. He finished with some old songs, explaining that there was very little segregation on the radio in the early days of rock 'n' roll. "Everybody danced to the same music back then . . . . So I'll make a deal with you," he continued. "If I do the songs, then you have to sing along. And if you don't know the words, then you can dance." He then turned out such classics as "Mony, Mony," "Proud Mary," and "Land of a Thousand Dances."

Again he left the stage. Again he returned to the twinkling of thousands of lighters and the never-ending chant of "Cougar! Cougar!" "Turn those big lights on so we can see all the people," he directed the technicians. While he played "Under the Boardwalk," crowd members swayed in time, clapping their hands above their heads. "We're so glad we're a part of this Little 500 weekend," Mellencamp said. He left the audience and advised them to stay out of trouble, not to get hurt, and to "have a great time this evening."

— By Tracy D. Schellenberger and James Mayer

Pi

Relatives cheer, seniors rejoice

T ife at IU often is characterized by the struggle to maintain individuality in a large, somewhat impersonal university.

Graduation, ironically, is the last hurdle in the struggle. This year's ceremonies on May 10 and I I were no different — dressed alike in the traditional black, IU's 7,441 graduates had to try to identify themselves to the financial and emotional sponsors of their education watching from the Assembly Hall stands.

Many succeeded. But rather than drawing attention to themselves through the protest of the previous year's ceremony, 1986 graduates stood out because of their infectious, festive attitude.

Graduates did not wait to be noticed. They stood up, waved their hands, and shouted to their parents. One woman blew soap bubbles during the ceremony. Another wore an inflated rubber globe on her head. A group of students scattered a storm of confetti after President John Ryan confered degrees.

The parents, families and friends were no less enthusiastic. At the beginning of the ceremony, many crowded to the front of the stands and fought for the best spots to photograph the, graduates. Parents anxiously tried to find their children in the sea of black. Once they identified them, they stood and shouted their names.

Even before the ceremony began, the audience was clapping and stomping to familiar songs performed by the IU commencement band conducted by Ray Cramer, professor of music.

Signs of regret stood alongside the celebration. One student's hat said "The Party's Over." Some graduates cried as they exchanged final goodbyes at the end of the ceremony. "We haven't even begun to think of all the changes you will undergo,"

Ryan told graduates at the College of Arts and Sciences commencement. He all referred to some of the physical changes the campus has undergone since the class of 1986 came to IU: the Arboretum was built on the site of the 10th Street Stadium and the opening of the Art Museum. "Education gives you the tools to change and to cope with change," Ryan said.

Ili-Bloomington Vice President Kenneth Gros Louis told graduates their greatest achievements were still ahead of them. "To reach this part has been easy," he said. "To live a life of self-realization is the harder part."

Gros Louis told graduates that although they might be tempted to "pull off to the side and rest," they should strive to continue to improve. "You must make history," he said. "Where we are coming from does not always signify where we are going," Gros Louis said. He pointed out that his own father had only a sixth-grade educaton, and cited accomplishments of some of the most remarkable graduates.

Among these, Gros Louis mentioned a student from Lebanon whose village had been razed. After he had obtained citizenship, he worked to bring his family to the United States. Just five days before graduation, the student managed to bring his grandparents over.

The eight IU campuses granted 12,802 degrees in May. But many students at the ceremony weren't quite through with IU yet. When Ryan announced that the students participating in the ceremony had fulfilled the requirements for their degrees, "or are expected to fulfill them this summer," nervous laughter filled the room.

— By Stephen C. Scaer

PI