No.12.
SUMMACONCILIORUMBREVISSIMA.
TranslatedfromtheLatinDocument compiledandpublishedbyMgrFaster, Seeetn,yoftheVaticanCouncil.and printedbypermissionoftheMasterof the.'acredPalace.)
THEFIRST(ECUMENICALCOUNCIL.NICE.
ThisCouncilwasheldin325under PopeSilvestertheFirst,onaccountof theArianheresy.ItsActsarenot extant..Therewere318Bishopsat thisCouncil.'IheEmperorhimself', ConstantinetheGreat,wasalsopresent, seatedonagoldenthroneinamore humblepositioe.Thenumberof sessiousatthisCouncilisnetknown.
ThisCouncilwasopenedonthe1911s ofJune,oraccordingtoSocrates,the Churchhistorian(Ilk.t,eh.13),en the20thMay,andclosedonthe25th olAgenst.
liythisCouncilwaspublishedthe well-knownNiceneCreed,bywhich,as byashield,theFaithfulweredriveled againstthethenverywidelyspread errorofArius.whodeniedthedivinity ofthesonofGod.Moreover,the controversyconcerningEasterwits broughttoatermination,i.e.,thedayon whichtheFeastshouldbehenceforth keptbyallwasdetermined.Therewere al-ntwentycanonspublishedregarding ecsis-iasticaldiscipline,whirlsgreatly tendedatthattimebyawisenaixtuse ofmildee-sandseveritytorestoretothe Churchexternalorderitssomanyways di-turt)estduringthelatepersecution, andtocorrectsinegraveabuses,aswell astoavertthedangersandevil-ariing atthattimefromheretics.andschismatics,andhalf-convertedGentiles.
TheSet-aid(EcumenicalCouncil.-The FirstofConstantinople. ThisCouncilwasheldin381under PopeDam,sustheFirst,onaccountof theheresyofNlacedenius,whodenied thedivinityoftheH.lyGhost. TheActsofthisCountifarenot extant.Therewoepresent151)Catholic Ifisheps.Therewerelikewisepresent 361;ishopsoltheMacedoniansect,who werenewilliegtomaketheNicene professionofFaith,andthereforelett theSynth!1)efOreitsclose. The nuthleiofsessionsisnotknown.This CouncilcontinuedfrontMaymailJuly ofthesameyear,accordingtoSocrates, Churchhistorian(Bk.v,ch.8),meiat itsclosesomecanonsanddefinitions werepublished. ItwasatthisCouncil,onaccountof theMacedonianerror,thattheFathers addedtotheNiceneCreedatulles explahationsoftheCatholicdoctrine concerningtheDivinityoftheHoly Ghost,andhencefromthattreeithas beencalledthe"Constantieopolitae NiceneCreed."
SUBIACO,SUNDAY,JUNE6,1875.
Councilextendednottothecanonsof disciplinebutonlytothedefinitionsof with.
TheThird(EcumenicalCouncil.Ephesus.
ThisCouncilwasheldatEphesusin 431underPopeSt.CelestinetheFirst, onaccountoftheheresyofNestorins, BishopofConstantinople,whotaught thatthereweretwopersonsinJesus Christ,andthattheBlessedVirgin shouldtiotbecalledTheotokos,or ilotherofGod.
TheActsofthisCouncilarestill extantbothinGreekandinunoldLatin version.Therewere210Bishops present,whoweremostvehemently opposedbyabout30otherBishopswho hadfavouredNestoriusandjoinedthe theschism.
Thereweresevenactionsorsessions, thefirstofwhichtookplaceonthe 22ndofJnneandthelastorseventhon the31stAugust,sothatthisCouncil lasted2monthsand9days;although thebishops,onaccountoftheabsolute natureoftheoecreeswhichtheyhad madeinCouncil,were,throughtheintriguesoftheirenemies,inamanner forciblydetainedbyorderofthe Emperorforsometimeafterwards. ThisdetentioncawedtheBishopsthe greatestannoyance.
InthisCouncilNestorius,onaccount ofhisimpiousheresy,wascondemned anddeposed.ThePelagians,with theirerrors,andotherheretics,were likesirecondemned.Therewerealso someeasesbroughtforwardbythe Bishopsanddecided,andafewcanons ofecclesiasticaldisciplinepromulgated whichhadforobjecttorepresstheevil doingsetthefollowersofNestorins.
1heFourth(EcumenicalCouncil.Chulcedon
ThiscouncilwasheldatChalcedon iii451.ItwassummonedbyPope Nt.LeotheGreattoopposetheheresy ofEutyches,AbbotatConstantinople, whoassertedthattherewasonlyone tortureinChrist.Hencethisheresy iscalledtheMonophysiteheresy.We stillpossesit)GreekandittoldLatin theActsofthisCouncil.
'11serewere630Bishopspresent,and atoneofitssessions,the6th,the EmperorMercianwaspresent.There were16sessions,and&indiumstwo wereheldonthesameday.The Councillastedthreeweeks,i.e.,from the8thofOctobertotheendofthe santenimith.
Mopsuesta,whowasNestorins'master, thewritingsofTheodoretagainstSt. CyrilofAlexandria,andtheletterof IhasofOdessatothepriestMaris,a Persian,aredesignates!.TheThree Chapterswerealreadyconsidered deservingofcensurebecausethey favouredNestorius,whohadalready beencondemned.
TheActsofthisCouncilarestill extantinoldLatin.
Therewere165Bishopspresent;but neitherthePope,althoughstayingjust thenatConstantinople,noranylegates appointedbyhim,attetidedCouncil. Therewere8conferences(Collationes). asthesessionsofthisCouncilarestyled intheoldrecordofitsActs.They beganonthe9thofMayandclosedon the2ndofJunethesameyear.
Afteradiligentinquiryhadbeen madeintothewholecase,andhadbeen continuedthroughseveralsessions,this Councilcondemned"TheThree Chapters."Itlikewisepublished14 dogmaticarticles,inwhichsome heresies,togetherwiththeirauthors, wereanathematized.
ThisCouncilisacknowledgedas(Ecumenicalbecauseitafterwardsreceived thesanctionofthePopes.
TheSixthecumenicalCouncil.-TheThird ofConstantinople.
ThisCouncilwasheldin680and 681,underPopeSt.Agathoonaccount oftheheresyoftheMonothelites,who assertedthattherewasonlyonewill andoperationinChrist.Thishere-yr attemptedtorevive,underanewform, theMonophysiteerror,whichhadbeen alreadycondemned.
TheActsofthisCouncilstillremain, bothinGreekandinanoldLatin version.Therewereabout170Bishops present. TheEniperorConstantine Pogonatusalsoattendedsomeofthe sessions.Therewere18actionsor sessions,whichlasted10monthsand 10days,fromthe7thofNovember, 680,tothe16thSeptember,681.
InthisCouncil,afteracarefulexaminationofthedoctrineconcerningthe oneortwowillsinChristastaughtto beofCatholicfaithbyformergeneral CouncilsandtheHolyFathers,Macsrius,ArchbishopofAntioch,who obstinatelymaintainedthattherewas onlyonewillandoperationinChrist, wascondemnedasahereticanddeposed.
ThisCouncillastedonemonthi.e., fromthe24thSept.,onwhichitwas opened,tothe23rdOctober.There were8sessions. InthisCouncil,afteritwasmade clearthattheprincipalchurchesofthe Catholicworldwereofonemindwith thePopeinapprovingoftheuseofholy imagesandpayingthemduereverence, andafterithadbeenshownfromthe writingsoftheHolyFathersthatsuch hadeverbeenthetraditionofthe ChurchfoundedupontheSacredScriptores,theerrorsoftheIconoclasts,thus refuted,werecondemned,andthedogma oftheCatholicfaithonthepointwas unanimouslyproclaimedbyallthe Fatherspresent.Therewerelikewise 22canonsregardingecclesiasticaldisciplinedrawnupandpublished.
TheEiyth(EcumenicalCouncil.-TheFourth ofConstantinople. ThisCouncilwassummonedbyPope AdraintheSecond.Itcommencedon the5thofOctober,869,andcontinued untilthelastdayofFeburary,870. Itwassummonedtoexaminethecase ofPhotiusandtodeterminewhether Photiushimself,whohadforsometime occupiedtheSeeofConstantinople,or St.lgnatus,whohadbeenonjustly turnedoutofthatSeeandsentinto exile,wasthetrueandlawfulPatriarch ofConstantinople.TheActsofthis CouncilarestillextantinGreek.AnastainstheLibrarianpresentedaGreek copyoftheActsofthisCounciltothe Pope,whocommissionedhimtotranslate themintoLatin.ThisLatinversionis stillextant.
BesidesthePore'slegatesandthe VicarsofthePatriarchalSees,there were102Bishopspresentatthis Council,andatsomeofitssessionsthe EmperorBasil.Therewere10sessions altogether.
InthisCouncil,afteracarefulexaminationofthewholecase,Photiuswas solemnlydeposedandformallyanathematizedasanillegitimateusurperofthe PatriarchalSeeofConstantinople, whilstIgnatiuswasacknowledgedby alltobethetrueandlawfulPatriarch. Therewerelikewise27canonsdrawnup tosecurefortheatirchhenceforth asfaraspossiblegoodandpernatuent peace. TheNinthOEcumenicalCouncil-7heFirst ofLateran.
WhatthehaltersdidatthisConnell theythemselvestellsusasfollow, "luthefirstplacewehavestrengthened the!linnetelamlardthathaseverexisted amongstI114.Wehaveinthenextplace byafewsliestdefin:tiousconfirmedthe faith'oftheFathersofNiee,andfull ofhorrorsittheperverseheresiesslid depravedopiniousthathavearisensince thoseFatherssatinConecil,wehave withanathemacondemnedthesestuns? heresiesandopiniohs.Wehavealso madecertaincanonsinordertoregulate thepositionandreformthedicipliueof theChurch."
'thisCouncil,towhichtheRoman Pontiffdidnutsendlegates,foritconcernedtheChurchoftheEastonly,is acknowledgedbyallas(Ecumenical, becauseitwasconfirmedbyI'opeDAUM. susasPhotiushimselfdeclares. Althoughtheconfirmationofthis
It;thisCouncil.afterajudicial examinationofthecaseofDioscorus, theArchbishopofAlexandriaandthe chief,upporterofEntyches,andafterhis deposition.theCatholicfaithasopposed totheerrorsofNestoriusandEutyches wasdefined.Moreover,variouscontroversiesthathadarisenintheChurch weresolemnlyadjudged,and30canons regardingecclesiasticaldisciplinewere drawntip. Iweiity-sevenofthem, however,hadalreadyreceivedthe approbationoftheRomanPontiff.
Itisworthnoticethatinthe5th session23FathersincludingthePope's legatesandthemotedistinguishedof theBishopspresent,wereappointedto looktothecarefulwordingofthedefinitionoffUiththatwasto.bepresentedto theCoinicil,andthatthedefinitionwhen pre-entedwasunanimouslyreceivedand approvedofbytheuniversalacclamationoftheFathers.
TheFifthCEcunienivalCouncil-The SecondofConstantinople. ThisCouncilwassummonedbyPope Vigiliusin553inordertobringthe disputeaboutTheThreeChapterstoa termination.Bythistitle,"TheThree Chapters,"thewritingsofTheodore
Theauthors,andothersupportersof thisheresy,eventhosewhoweredead, werelikewisecondemned.Andinorder touprootthiserrortheFathers,strictly adheringtotheConstantinopulittin NiceneCreed,andtotheprofessionof FaithmadeintheCoinicilofChalcedon,asalsototheteachingofthe RomanPontiff,publishedadefinition ofthetruetruefaithonthispoint,and astheywerenotpublishedinthelast (EcumenicalCouncil,cationsregarding ecclesiasticaldisciplinewerepublished inthis.StLeo,thesuccessorofIt. Agatho,confirmedthisCouncil.
TheSeventh(EcumenicalCouncil.-The SecondofNice.
ThisCouncil,calledtogetherin787 nyPopeAdriantheFirst,wassummonedonaccountofthethenmostbitter strifethatexistedabouttheuseand venerationofsacredimages.Its impiousabettorsarewellknownbythe nameofIconoclasts.
TheActsofthisCouncilarestill preservedinanoldLutistversionof Anastasius,LibrarianoftheRoman Church.TheyalsoexistinGreek.
Therewere367Bishopsatthis Council.Atthelastsession,during whichbeforeallthepeoplewassolemnly proclaimedthedogmaoffaith,the EmpressIrenewaspresentwithherson Constantine.
ThisCouncilwasheldin1123at Rome,intheBasilicaofSt.John Lateran,fromwhichittakesitsname. ItwassummonedbyPopeCallistusthe Second,inordertore-establishinthe ChurchandilltheEmpireorder,thenvery machdisturbedbythecontentionabout Investitures,andthefatalquarrelsthat hadensued,andhaddegeneratedinto schism.AnothersubjectoftheCouncil wastosecurethesuppliesrequiredin theHolyLand.TheActsofthis Councilarenotextant.ThePope himselfpresided,andmorethan300 Bishopswerepresent,andaverygreat numberofAbbots.Thenumberof itssessionsisnotknown.Fromthe recordsofitwhichremain,wegather thatitlastedonly10or11oratthe verymost19days,i,e.,fromthe18th tothe28thofMarch,oratmosttothe 6thofApril.
InthisConnell,inordertopotan endtothelongcontestaboutInvestitures,theCuneordatofWorms,between PopeCallistustheSecondandthe EmperorHenrytheFifth,wasconfirmed,andfromthattimethrough manycenturiesithadtheeffectoflaw, andverysatisfactorilyregulatedthe rightsoftheCouchandofthe Emperorsinthatmostseriousbusiness ofelectionofBishopsandAbbots.At theendoftheCouncil22canonswere
published,inordertore-establishdisciplineintheChurch.Theinjuries donetosocietybythelongschismwere repaired;expeditionstotheHolyLand weresetonfoot,andinamostsingular mannerfavouredinmanyways,and theterritoryoftheholyRomanChords wasprotectedbyanathemafromthe violenceofanyfutureinvaders. (71)becontinued.)
enettalMitanings.
JOHNMITCHELL,M.P.
TheannouncementthatMr.Mitchellhad diedat8a.m.onSaturdaymorningat Dromolane,Newry,theresidenceofhis Brother-in-law,Mr.HillIrvine,J.P.,came bysurpriseuponthepeopleofthiscountry. Itwasgenerallyknown,indeed,thathewas inveryweakhealth,andpersonswhohad metandtalkedwithhimwereconvinced thathecouldnotlivemuchlonger.Butit wasthoughthewouldlingerforatleasta fewmonthsundertheinfluenceofthechange ofair;andhencewhenitwasannounced thathehaddied,thefeelingwasoneof surprisenolessthanofsorroworregret amongstallclassesoftheIrishpeople.Even thosemostopposedtohimadmiredhintfor hisgreatintellectualabilityandpitiedhim forthesufferingshehadendured.The surprisewasthegreater,inasmuchasitwas onlyonS.Patrick'sDaythatheissueda lengthenedmanifestotothepeopleofTipperary.tellingthemofInsintentionnotto defendhisseatagainstMr.Moore,whohad announcedthathewouldpresenttheusual petitiontotheCourtofCommonPleas.But hisstrengthwasexhaustedandfromthe houronThursdayatwhichhebegantosink heneverralliedforaninstant.Hediedof exhaustion-solelyandsimply.Hewas conscious,however,tothelast,andspokeof facingdeath,itissaid,withhisusual courage.Thisisnottheplaceforabiographicalsketch,butImaymentionverybriefly thechieffactsofMr.Mitchell'scareer.le wasbornnearDungiyen,inDerryCounty. HisfatherwasaUnitarianminister,who eventuallyremovedtoNewry.Ilehimself lived,and,Ipresume,diedaUnitarianalso, althoughitiscertainhehadstrongCatholic tendencies,wasastoutdefenderofthePipe, anddidnotthrowtheslightestdifficultyin thewayofhistwoslaughtersbecoming,as theydidbecome,Catholics.(Incoftheist wentfurther,andactuallybecameamin. HewaseducatedinTrinityCollege,Dulsliis, andbyprofessionwasasolicitor.Nisnife wasoftheVernerfamily-afamilyalways distinguishedforitsextremeOrangeproclivities.)lavingcontributedsomeletters totheNati.im,Whirishadjustbeenstartedby ThomasDavisandMr.(nowSir)Charles CsavanDuffy,hebecameeditorofthat journalonthedeathoftheformer.This wisetheeraofthefamine,andthesufferings ofthepeopledrawbinstotheadvocacyof armedinsurrectioninthecolumnsofthe UnitedIrishman,IleWas11(.11convictedby a"packed"juryoftreason-felony,andsent toVariousplaces,insuccession,beyondthe seas. Fromoneoftheseplaces,Van Damian'sLand,heescaped,undercircumstancesofwhichthepublichaslatelyheard enough,totheUnitedSuites.Thereheset upasajournalistandespousedthecauseof theSouthernConfederacy.intheSecession Warhelosttsvosons,andwashimself imprisonedforsonictimebytheNorthern Government.Atlast,aftermanyyears,he returnedtoIrelandlastsummer,andagain thisspring,whenhewastwice,insuccession, electedmemberofParliamentforthegreat CountyofTipperary,andthen-retiredto thehomeofhisearlyyouthtodieFrom firsttolasthewasamostuncompromising, consistent,andfearlessenemyofBritish paverinIreland.Inliteraturehemadefar himselfnoinconsiderablename.Ilewrotea historyofIreland,the"JailJournal,"and severalotherworks,includingareplytoMr Eroude'sIrishLecturesandinallthose worksheprovedhimselfagreatmasterof English,excellingchieflyinsatire.Ihave saidabovethathealwaysstoodbythePope. Infurtherillustrationofhispro-Catholic feeling,Imayadd,enpassant,thatwhen Pereilyacinthe-orM.Loyson,asheisnow tobecalled-apostatized,JohnMitchellsaid objectwastogetmarried-astatement whicheventshavenotcertainlyfalsifies!. Butenoughonthishead.NVhatremainsto besaidisthat,butforthedesireofMr. Mitchell'simmediaterelativestothecontrary, hisfuneralwhichtookplacethisdaywould havebeenmadetheoccasionofanunexampled demonstration.Asiteat,sonicnineorten thousandpeoplewereinattendance,sonic comingfromCork,Dublin,andotherfaraway places.Theremainswereinterredinthe church-yardinwhichhisparentslieburied andtheRev.Mr.Nelson,Presbyteriau ministerofBelfast,whoofficiated,spoketodayfromtheverypulpitoftheoldUnitarian churchfromwhichtheRev.Mr.Mitchell usedtopreach,andwhich,althougha portionsofthechurchitselfisstanding, remainstothisdayshelteredfromthe weatherbyatastefulwoodenstructure.
DEATHOFJmix-MARTIN,M.P. JohnMitchell'sfidesAchatcssurvived himbutaweek.Mr.Martini,M.P.,diedon Mondaymorningataquartertonineo'clock. Ilehadnotbeeningoodhealthwhenthe newsofIsisfriend'sdeathreachedhimin London.Theintelligenceaffectedhim greatly.liehurriedacrosstoIrelandtobe presentatMr.Micthell'sfuneral.Inthe graveyardhebecamesoillthat,beforethe funeralservicehadconcluded,hehadtobe carriedawaytothehouseofMr.HillIrvine, T.P.,whereMr.Mitchelldied.Therehe
wasseizedwithsomekindoffever,sank steadily,and,asIhavealreadlysaid,died onMondaymorning.Heexpressedawish tobeburiedinhisfather'sgraveinLonghome,nearNewry,and,accordingly,hewill beinterredthereonThursday.Greatdisappointmentisfeltamongstmanyclasses thathecannotbeburiedinDublin,where iristombcouldbevisitedbypeoplefromthe provincesandImaytrulysaythatthe feelingathisdeathamongstthegreat majorityofthepeopleisoneofprofounfi sorrow.Friendsandfoesalikeproclaimhis !horoughhonesty,hissincerity,hisgentleness,Isisindomitablecourage,hisunselfish andentiredevotiontowhatheconceivedto bethetrueinterestsofhiscountry.Hewas borninLonghorne,nearNewry,in1812,and wasthusthreeyearsolderthanMr.Mitchell. HewasaPresbyterian,andinhisboyhood wasactuallyadversetoCatholicEmancipation,thoughhisfamilyhadalwaysbeen rathertolerantandliberalinpolitics.He studiedmedicine,afterhavinggotadegree inartsfromtheUniversityofDublin;but havinginheritedthelandedpropertyofhis uncle,heneverpractisedasadoctorfor money,contentinghimself,afterhebad settleddownasacountrygentleman,with givinggratuitouslymedicaladvice,andeven medicines,toallthepoorinhisneighborhood, withoutdistinctionAfterawhilehewas drawnintotheRepealranks,chiefly,itisto besupposed,throughtheexampleofMr. Mitchell,whoseacquaintancehehadmadeat school,andwhoeverexercisedoverhima dominatinginfluence.AndwhenMr.Mitchell lefttheO'ConnelliteRepealers,JohnMartin leftthemtoo.Again,whenMr.Mitchellhad beenfoundguiltyoftreason-felonyforhis articlesintheUnitedIrishman,JohnMartin cameupfromhiscountryseatinDownand setuptheInchFelon,inwhichhecontinued theworkMitchellhadbegun.Inafew weeks'timehe,too,wasfoundguiltyof treason-felony,andsentencedtotransportationfortenyearsantisoitcametopass thatthetwofriends'metagain-inVan Diensan'sLand.'Theretheylivedforsome years.andmanyaconversationtheyhad togetheroveroldtimesandtheprospectsof Irishleeislativeindependence.Atlength Mr.MitchellescapedtoAmerica,whileMr. Martin,withtwoorthreeotherpolitical prisoners,receivedfirstaconditionaland thenanunconditionalpardon,andreturned toIreland.Mr.Martindidnotintendto remainattastily,butthedeathofhiselder brothercompelledhinttodoso,andfrom thattimetillhisdeathhetookoncemorea moresirlesswaivepartinIrishpolitics.He establishedaRepealassociationin1861in Dublin,buttheEettianagitationandother circumstancescausedthebreak-tipofthat lastlyaltersometime.Inl5astheHome Rule.movementwasstarted,andwhilehe wasoneatthetinattojestsit,hewasalsoone ofitsmoststaleartsupportersamongsthis owncountrymenwhotheughtitsprogramme not"advanced"enough.Inseshewas putforwardintheNationalinterestfor Longford,butitscandidaturehavingbeen opposedbytheclergyofthatcounty,hewas defeated.Ilewas,however,in1871,elected byallenormousmajority,andwithoutany expensetohim,ferthestillmoreCatholic comityofMeath;andliewasre-electedin theHomeRuleinterestin1871.Ilewas marriedin1868toasisterofJohnMitchell, installersisterofwhomismauledtoMr. HillIrvine,atwhosehouse-strangely enough--bothMr.MitchellandMr.Martin died.AlthoughisPresbyterian,andrather anti-Catholicinhisboyhood,hewasduring Isiswholepubliclifeafirmsupporterof everyclaimmadebyhisCatholicfellowcountrymen,modlieWasanannualsubscriber tothe'fundsoftheCatholic.University.He alwaysfreelygagehisopinionstothepublic oneveryimportantquestion,andhegenerallychosetheNationasIsismediumof communication.llewasaverylucidwriter, butanindiffertutspeaker,antiinpointof intellectgenerallywaslong()liacreallobehind JohnMitchell.:Ne,crilivless,hisnamewas onethatalwaysevokedenthusiasticdemonstrationsofepplauseatIrishmeetings,and hewasbetterlovedthenJohnMitchel!,for manyreasons,oneofwhichcertainlyistobe foundinhisextraordinarygentlenessand conscientiousness.Fortheseatheoccupied inParliamentseveralpersonsarementioned aspossiblecandidates-amongstothers,the LordMayorofDublin(AldermanM'Swiney) andMi.Parnell,.I.P.,lateHighSheriffof Wicklow,andthesamewho,vasanunsuccessfulcandidateforDublinCountyinthe HomeRuleinterestatthelastelection,He isaProtestant,whileAldermanM.Swiney, asthereaderdoubtlessknows,isavery pronsusentCatholic,butnotaHomeRuler, thoughhehasbeenaRepealer.
CRIMEINENGLAND.
"Themostbrutal,themostcowardly,the mostbarbarousdeedsintheworldarebeing perpetratedbythelowerclassesofthe Englishpeople."Thisisastartiingassertion. Thoughwehavehadfromtimetotime proofspositivethattheassertionisunfora tunatelybuttoowell-founded,weshould scruplemakingit,asweknowtherearesome ofourreaderswhothinkthatasarulewe aretoosevereonthefaultsofourfellowcountrymen.Thisalarming,thishumiliating assertionisnotours.Itcomesfromthe DailyTelegraph.Weareloathtobelieve thatthisis,afterall,theresultofourmuch boastedcivilization,yetwecannotlookover ourperiodicalassizeproceedingswithout beingobligedtoacknowledgeit.Take,for instance,thenorthernandmidlandcircuits oftherecentwinterassizes.TheTimes' reporter,writingfromLiverpoolsays:"True billswerereturnedagainstsevenprisoners formurder,andagainstsixformanslaughter, andsomeofthemanslaughtercaseswere,
accordingtothejury,barelydistinguishable, frommurder."Anotherreporterofthesame journal,writingfromWarwick,says"These assizeswilllongberememberedforthe numberandferocityofthecrimes.There were63prisoners,ofwhom12were acquittedwhilethesentencesofpenal servitudeamountedintheaggregatetomore than240years,besidesasentenceofpenal servitudeforlife."Thisistrulyashocking stateofaffairs.Andyetsometimeswefind ourselvessneeringat"crimeinIreland"and theexcessesofContinentalcountries. CoulditbeshownthatItaly,underPope PiusIX.,waseversodepraved,whata triumphitwouldbeforacertainclassof Englishpeople1-Universe.
ANOTHERCONVERSION
ItisannouncedthattheRev.Alfred Newdegate,rectorofKirkhallant,Derbyshire, hassignifies',inalettertotheVicaroflikeston,hisdetenninationtorelinquishhisliving andbecomeaCatholic.Mr.Newdegate,in hisletter,statesthathisresolvehasbeen takenbecauseheconsidersthattheCatholic ChurchistheonlytrueApostolicChurch. Thelivingisthegiftoftheconvert's brother,Col.Newdegate,ofWestHallamanotherbrother,theRev.J.C.Newdegate, beingrectorofthelatterplace.Theliving ofKirkhallam,isworth.ti300ayear.This conversioniscausingmuchexcitement,as theRev.Mr.NewdegateheldthesecretaryshipsoftheSocietykVthePropagationof theGospelandtheChurchExtensionSociety, inthedioceseofLinchfield,whichherecently resigned,TheCorkExaminersa)S:"TheconversionoftheRev.Mr.Newdegate isaneventofgreatermomentthanwe imagined.Thenewconvertisstatedtohe acousinofthemeaslierforNorthWarwickshire,thegreatProtestantsentinelwho shareswithMr.WhalleythedutyofwatchingoverthecatchyofBritishProtestantism andconfoundingtheinsiduousschemesof sheJesuites.Theenemyappearstohave stolenintothecitadeloftheelect,and carriedofftheirprizefromenderthenose ofthesentinel.Afterthisinstanceofdaring andsuccessfulaggressionnotesenthe sacredfoldofthemendserforPeterborough canbeconsideredsatefrominsasion.Fast ontheheelsofthisdisasterhascomean eventhardlylessdisagreeabletothescribes oftheProtestantChurch.SincetheoverthrowoftheSpanishMorarchythePeninsu.ahasbeenoverunbyBritishmissionaries armedwiththechoicestpolemicalliterature, butsolittleimpressionhavetheirexertions producedonpublicopinionthatoneofthe firstactsofthenewGovernmenhasbeen thesuppressionofthetwoProtestantorgans publishedatMadrid."
THEWORLD'SPOPCLATION.
AreportfromtheUnitedStatesBureau ofStatisticsatWashington,recentlyissued containsaninterestingtableofthepopulationoftheearth,tidesnchiefilyflowthe workonthatsubject,issuedthisyearat Gotha,byDrs.BehmandWagner,and foundedonthemostrecentauthorities.By thisstatementtheaggregatepopulationtst theearthisgivenat1,391,032,u00.Asia beingthemostpopuloussectionandcontaining798,000,000whileEuropehas300,500,090Africa,203,000,000America, 84,000,000andAustraliaandPolynesia, 4,500,000.InEuropetheleadingnationsare creditedwiththefollowingnumbersRussia, 71,000,000theGermanEmpire,41,000,000; France,36,000,000Austro-Hungary,36,000,000GreatBritainandIreland,32,000,000;Italy,nearly27,000,000Spain,16,500,000antiTurkey,nearly16,000,000.The othercountriesdonotexceed5,000,000each. InAsia-China,whichisfarthemostpopulousnationoftheearth,iscreditedwith 425,000,000Ilindostanwith240,000,000 Japan,33,000,000theEastIndiaIslands, 30.,500,000Burma,Siam,andFartherIndia, nearly26,00(1,0)00;Turkey,13,500,000;and Russia,nearly11,000,000.TheAustralian populationisgivenat1,674,500,andthe PolynesianIslandsat2,763,400,NewGuinea andNewZealandbeingincludedinthelatter. InAfricathechiefdivisionsareWest SoudanandtheCentralAfricanregion,with 89,000,000theCentralSoudanregion,39,000,000SouthAfrica,20,250,000;theGalls countryandthecountrywestoftheWhite Nile,15,000,000Samuall,8,000,000Egypt, 8,500,000andMorocco,6,000,000.In Americatwo-thirdsofthepopulationare northoftheIsthmuswheretheUnited Stateshasnearly39,000,000Mexico,over 9,0(10,000andtheBritishprovinces,4,0010,000.ThetotalpopulationofNorthAmerica isgivenatnearly52,000,000,andofSouth Aryericaat25,500,1100,ofwhichBrazil contains10,000,000.TheWestIndiaIslands haveover4,00001110,andtheCentralAmerscanStatesnotquite3,000,000.
AMERICA-VALUABLECATHOLICSTATISTICS. Sadlier'sCatholicDirectoryAlumnae,and Ordo,fortheyear1875hascometohand. Atableinthisworkgivesataglance statisticsoftheChurchinthewholecountry. OneCardinal,sixarchbishops,53bishops, 4873priests,6930churches,chapels,and stations,ofwhichcertainly4800are churches,18theologicalseminaries,and 1375studyingforthepriesthood;68colleges,511academies,1444parishschools. 215asylums,homes,andrefuges,87hospitalsandaCatholicpopulation(exclusiveof Baltimore,Charleston,Erie,andBrooklyn, forwhichnoestimatesaregiven)of5,761,242. ComparethiswiththepastIn1814, therewere85priests,notasmanypriests inthecountryastherearenowCatholic hospitalsnotasmanypriestsasthereare nowofthethreenames,Walsh,Murphy,
andO'Connor.Nearlytwentyyearslater, therewerebut308priests.In1837,atable ofstatisticsgave1archbishop,14bishops, 390priests,300churches143stations. Therearepriestsstilllivingsurvivorsofthe 390,notmanyindeed,whohaveseenthis wonderfulgrowth.
RETURNOFAWANDERER.
TheAbbeAntoineIsaiawhowasmuch spokenofforhispeculiarsentimentswhen Fr.Passagliamadehiscelebrateddefection andfledfromRouse,hasreturnedtoasense ofhisdutyandhasaskedpardonofthe HolyFatherforhiserrors.Herepudiatesa workwhichhehadwrittenagainstthe Syllabus,andhehasenteredaconventto makearetreatanddopenanceasaprelimi. narytohisresuminghissacerdotalfunctions.
C.1R1)INAL.31A!P'ING'S ENTHRONEMEMT.
Previoustotheceremonyinthe Chu?..11 (ifS.Gregory,aConsistory waseldon11edi.c-daymoreingbyhis Holiness.
Aftertheclosingofthemouthsof thenewCardinalsManning,Giannelli, Deschamps,andBartolini-theHoly FathernominatedfourBishops,three ofthen,inpartibusinfidelininandthen or,dthemouthsoftheCardinalsand gavethemtherings.
Cardinal NItinning,accordingto arrangement,thenimmediatelyafterwardsassumedhisecclesiaticaltitlein theChurchofSanGregorio.Hewas accompaniedbytheVeryRev.Father Manning,hisnephew,bytheBishopof andbytheRev.Father Callaghan,RectoroftheEnglish Church.
AttheceremonyhisEminencewas assistedbyMonsignorHoward,ha-Dr. Quinn,Bishopof'Brisbane,andby MonsignorStoner.
AlltheEnglishandArn(rican CatholicsresidentinRome,including LordBeaumontandtheMarchionessof Londonderry,hadreceivedinvitations tohepresent.
Theceremonycommencedat4pin andlasteduntilhalf-pasta.There werepresent,accordingtoRenter's telegram,about1,000Englishmenand Americans.
AssoonasCardinalMannino-entered thechnrelitheCurereadtohimthe Pontifioalbriefassigninghimthetitre ofS.AndrewandS.Gre,ory.His Eminencefirstaddressedafewwords inItaliantotheFathersoftheChurch ofS.Gregory,andthendelivereda alongaddressinEnglishtothecongregation,inwhichliedweltuponthe historyofS.Gregory,thegreatfounder ofCatholicisminEngland.Hesaid:"ThisisthefirsttimethatanEnglishMan,asonofS.Gregory,takespossessionofhistitularchurch.Thegreat congregationIseebeforemehas certainlynotcomeherefromcuriosity. Itistheworthyspiritualdaughterof S.Gregory,theApostleofEngland, becausetheCliristanpeopleofEngland, inhabitingnotonlyourislands,butalso ourcoloniesandtheUnitedStatesof America,iswhollydescendedfromthat greatandholyPope."Cardinal Manningfurtherremarkedthatfrom thisConventofS.Gregoryhadissued thefirstArchbishopofCanterbury,the firstBishopofRochester,andthefirst BishopofYork.Speakingafterwards ofChristianfaith,hesaidthegiftof pietyhadforitschiefobjectGod,for itssecondthefamily,foritsthirdone's nativecountry.Inconclusion,he salutedtheassemblage,sayingheknew aportionofhishearerspersonally,and de-iiedtoknowthemall,lieexpressed ahopethatlieshouldmeetthemagain atthelastday,whenGodcountedHis sheep,andprayedthatonthatdaynone ofthosepresentwouldbemissinginthe regionofpeace.
TheHallelujahandCollectswere afterwardschuunted,andtheCardinal gavehisblessingtothecongregation. HethenwithdrewtotLesacristywhere severalpersonspaidhimhomage, makinganofferingofvestmentsworth £160,whichhadbeenpurchasedby subscription.HisEminencethanked them,andsaidhewasnotworthyof suchademonstration.TheCatholics presentthenkissedtheCardinal's hand.
p
ARRIVALOFTHEMAIL. MISCELLANEOUSGENERALNEWS, SELECTEDFROMHOMEAND FOREIGNJOURNALS.
SIRJOHNGRAY,M.P.
SirJohnGray,thememberforKilkenny, diedatBathshortlyafteroneo'clockon March9.Thedeceasedwasbornin1815, andwasthesonofDr.Gray,ofClareMorris, countyMayo,IlewasbornofProtestant parents,andeducatedasaProtestant.After privatetuitioninhisnativecountyhe becameamedicalstudentatTrinityCollege, Dublin,wherehetookouthismedical degrees.Hisfather,conjointlywithI)r. Atkinson,afamousDublinSurgeon,was proprietoroftheleadingLiberalIrishnewspaper,theFreeman'sJournal.When O'ConnellbeganhisRepealagitation1)r. JohnGraywaseditoroftheFreeman's Journal.Thisnewspaperbecamealmost theonlyardentadvocateoftheRepeal movement.YoungGrayhimselfWasan activeantianeloquentmemberoftheRepeal Association.Ileattendedthemonster meetings,anddeliveredfervidspeechesin favourofthemovement.TheFreeman's JournalpublisheddaybydayarticlespromulgatingRepealprinciples,antiDr.John Graywasincludedintheindictmentwith DanielO'Connell,chargingseveralpersons withaconspiracytobringthelawand authorityoftheQueenintocontemptin Ireland.Ilewasoneofthetraversersin thefamousStatetrialsof1813-4.Allthe traversers,withtheexceptionoftheRev. Mr.Tierney,aRomant'atholicpriest,were convicted.O'Connellwassentencedto twelvemonths'imprisonmentand£20110fine 1)r.Gray,Mr.C.(lavanDuffy,andothers toninemonths'imprisonmentand£50fine. AllwereconveyedtokiehmondPrison, wheretheydailyheldhci'esfornearlythree months,untiltheHouseofLordsreversed thejudgment,andtheywereliberated. Beingaprominenti»enilieroftheDublin Corporation,Dr.Graydevotedhimselfto Liberalreforms,andwastheauthorofthe Vartrywatersysttanforthecityof forwhichhewasknightedbyLordCarlisle in15(13.TheCatholicAssociation,underthe influenceofDr.(nowCardinal)Cullen,seas started,anti,althoughaProtestant,SirJohn Gray,devotedallhispolitical:Intleditorial abilitytothepromulgationofRoman Catholicprinciples.Lateron,in1875,lie stoodforthecityoflilketiny(beforethat representedbyDanielO'('onnellandhisson John)intheRomanCatholieinterest.Sir JohnadoptedtheC'ardinal'sprograMille, hasSill,beenoneofthemostprominent Ilium,Rulers.ItissaidthattheCorporation of contemplateagreatcivicdemon. strutlionontheoccasionofSirItlinGray's funeral.TheIlona-RuleMembersofI'arliate haveappoint(ladeputationoftheir numbertoproceedtoDOOMforthepurpose ofbeingpresent,andMr,Brooks,\LP., lateLordNlayor,hasleftLondonto.1--sist onle ofthepartyinmakingarrangements.
lt'\eual..);SIR.14MNBAY.-Thepuddle funeralofthelatesirJohnGray,which tookplacennThursday.inDublin,a-eonned allthefeaturesofagreatnationaldemonstrationofrespectto'liememoryofthe deceasedmemberforKilkenny.Therewere representativespresentfromevtrypublic bodyinIrelar,d,thecoporationofKilkenny takingprecedence.Theshopsinthestreets throughwhichthecortt;yepassedwereclosed, antitheshipslyingalongtheCustom'louse quaydisplayedflagshalf-mast.litglaCitizens ofallcreedsandpolitiesattended,andninny ofthejudgesandnobilitywhowereunable tohepresentsenttheirclrriages.The rortigetookupwardsoffourhourstopass throughthecity.Theremainsofthe deceasedwereinterredintheO'Connell circleinGlasnevinCemetery.1Aprivate letterfromKilkennyinformsusthatSir JohnGraywasreceived,duringhisillness, intotheCatholicChurch.andthatliehail thehappinessofdyingintheFaithofhits Forefathers.-ED.C.R.1
RobertEmmett(aswhoshallsayheisnot?) isfondlyrememberedinIrelandtothisday asamartyrofpatriotismitthesamemay besaid(andwhoshallgainsayit?)inregard toLordEdwardFitzgerald-LordEdward beingshotdownasatraitoronthe17thMay, 1798,andRobertEmmettexecutedonthe scaffoldonthe20thSeptember,1803-we maybeperfectlycertainofthis,thatJohn MitchellandJohnMartinwillbetenderly rememberedforyearsandyearstocomeby theIrishraceinallpartsoftheEmpire, ifnotasmartyrs,asconfessorsofpatriotism.
PRESENTATIONTOTHECARDINAL-ARCHBISHOPOFDUBLIN-Theamountofmoney collectedforpresentationtohisEminence CardinalCullenreachedtherespectable figureof£3,500,everypoundofwhichwas contributedspontaneouslybytheseveral donorswithinthespaceofaboutafortnight. ThepresentationwasmadebytheLori: Mayorandafewothergentlemenatthe Presbytery,Marlboro'-street,inthemiddleof lastweek.TheLordMayorandtheCardinal bothdeliveredaddresses.
QuEEN'sCOLLEGE,BEISAsT.-Onceevery threeyearsa"visitation"isheldateachof thethreeQueen'sColleges.Sonicthreeor fourmembersoftheSenategodownto Belfast,('ork,Galway,astheeasemaybe. Theysolemnlytaketheirseatsinthe ExaminationIlall,surroundedbythelocal President,professorsandstudentsthen,if theyarepermittedbythestudentsgo solemnlythroughtheformofaskingthe President,theprofessors,andthevarious ProtestantDeansofResidence,asetof questionsagreeduponbeforehand-asfor instance,how,theCollegeisgettingon, whetherthestudentsarewell-conductedand distinguishingthemselveswhethercertain ex-studentsarenotalsodistinguishing themselveswhethertheprincipleofunited educationisworkingbeneficiallyandthen thepersonsquestionedgiveoutsolemnlythe answerstheyhaveprepared,andwhich alwayshappentohejustwhatthevisitors delighttohearandthewholeaffairisover forthreeyears,whenitisagainperformed.
OnThursdaythisfarceseasgonethrough inBelfast-butinnitistoneofthemostdisgracefulscenesofstudentrowdyismever ititnessi,l.ThevisitorsweretheProtestant ArchbishopsofArmagh,LordLurgan,a Protestant,Dr.JolliffeTuffnell,aProtestant,PresidentoftheCollegeofSurgeons Dr.Duncan,aProtestant,Presidentofthe CollegeofPhysicians,andtheRev.W. Magill,aPresbyterian,Moderatorofthe GeneralAssembly.NotaCatludic,ofcourse, wasanituigstthelot,noramongsttheprofesstu-s,nor,probably,amongstthestudentsfor ;m11theCatholicstudentsinattendanceatthe Collegeformonlythreepercent,ofthe wholebody,thoughtheCatholicsofthe provincenumberone-halftheentirepopulation;yet,theinstitutionwas int.rtil educationinstitutionAndbefore,during, antiaftertheobservationsofthePresident :Indthe/eonsofResidenceswho,iaterarils, highlypraisedtheconductofthestudents, thelatterkeptejaculating"Oltoh!"and laughingsarcastically,andeat-calling,and executingdug-harks,andthrowingabout explosivecrackers,andflingingaboutand breakingthefurniture."'thevictors,"says the (lastJsrunner,"wereunableto procureascatattheirentrance,andwere compelled,withtheladies,toremain standing."Atlast"thePrimateretreated hurriedly,andthedignityofLordLurgan wasruffled,andhewascompelledtodecamp, followedbythePresidentoftheCollegeof SurgeonsandthePresidentoftheKingand Queen'sCollegeofPhysicians.Theladies becamesoalarmedthattheyretiredfrom thescenealtogether,jUlluweilbytheriule remarksandcoarsejeeringn/the;tridents." SucharesomeofthefruitsoftheMixed System
NewChurchofSt.Patrick,York, 111I;REV.P.JGIBNEYdesires toacknowledgewiththanksthe followingDonationstowardstheNew Church,York:-
IRELAND,withintheselastfewdays,has commandedallimmenseincreasetoour alwaysprofoundandtendersympathyinher regard.Inrapidsuccesionshehashadthe suddengriefoflosingtwoofhermost popularrepresentatives.Amongthoseshe hadsenttoParliamentthesetwowere essentialiytypicalIrishmen.Eventhose whofailedtoappreciatethem,astheirown compatriotsappreciatedthem,couldonly havesaidofthemilldispraisethattheyloved theirnativelandnutwisely,buttoowell. Inherbehalfthenlivedanti(lied.Inher behalftheysufferedpunishmentantihutuilial'IiroughtheirdevotiontoIrelandthey earnedforthemselvesthenameandthe treatmentoffelons.Theyweretried,they werecondemned,theywereimprisoned, theyweretransported.Oneofthemserved histimeinapenalsettlement,anti,coming homewardsattheendofthatbitterexperienceas(mustwecallhim?)apolitical criminal,wasreturnedtotheHouseofCommons,withtherespectofallmen,asM.P. forthecountyofMeath.Theother,having servedmerelyapartofhistime,withdrew hisparole,andhavinginopencourt,inthe presenceofamagistrateannounceditswithdrawal,rodeoffinthefaceofday,with pistolsathisholster,to"livelaborious(lays" untilthetermofhissentencehadexpired farawayfromIreland,attheendofthat bitterintervalreturninghometobetwice, inrapidsuccession,electedtoaseatinthe llouseofCommonsasM.P.forTipperary. England,theEnglishlaw,theEnglishParliament,theEnglishPremiercalledthesemen Felons.Butintheheartsofmillionsof Irishmentheirnamesare,forallthat, cherishedassynonynsofPatriotism.If
Vito;0:hurithiffit.patrich, gOth:
BazaarandFancyFair!!!
THEPUBLICarerespectfullyinformedthataBAZAARAND GRANDFANCYFAIR,inaidofthe BUILDINGofthenewChurchofST. PATRICK,York,willbeholdeninthe School-houseonthe
YorkFairDay, andalso,
OntheDayoftheRaces. Thepatronageofthepublicisearnestly solicited,asalarge,valuable,and usefulassortmentofgoodswillbeoffered forSale.
Contributionsinaidoftheabovewill bereceivedbytheSistersofMercy, Perth,andthe'istersof'Sr.Joseph, Fremantle;andalsobyMissC.Smith andMrs.J.T.Reilly,Perth. York,April29,1875.
DIRECTORY.-
JUNE.
11.FIIID.S.BarnahasAp,Abst.
13.SUN.IV.aft.Pent.Ep...Itom,viii,18 23(insp.,Lukev.1-11.
11.310NDS.BasiltheGreat,li.Conf.and Doet.
20.SUN.V.aft.Pent.Ep.,Pet.iii.8-11 Go-p..31,11t.v.211-21.
21.Alt)N S.Aloysiustionzaga('onf.
21. RS.NativityofS.JohntheBaptist. DayofDevoti, 5.1'It11).S.tialliemois,Mart.Mist. 27.SI,'N.VI.aft.Pent.Ep.,Rom.vi.3-11.; losp.,31arkviii.1-9, 28.MONIt.S.LeoII,P.andConf.Vigil ofSS.PeterandPaul.FastandAhst. 29.'I'l'ES.SS.PeterantiPaul,.1pp. 30.\VEDN.Conimenioratitnioft'.PaulAp. J171,1".
I.THURS.Octave(layofS.Johnthe Ilaptist 2.Phil).N'isitationoftheB.V.Mary. Dayof 4.SUN.V11,aft.Pent.Eli.,Rpm.vi.19-23 Gosp.,31:itt.ii. Themust 1110.,4of(nirLord.
11AliT.-AtNewcastle.onthe7111May. thewifeofGEORGE',RANKLES11Airritfa
e 1 It5
MORRISSEY.--(ifyourCharityprayfor thesoulofMARYM(,RRISsEY,thebeloved wifeof31.MorrisseyEsq..who(liedatMount Erin,ontheNthofMay.1875.Onher soulSWEETJESUShaVt;Mercy, 1,17(..1S.-OnMay17th,attheShamrock Hotel,Perth.MARIANTHEBEsA,infant (laughterofJosephAloysiusandJaneMary Lumensaged,5weeks.
TILEWEST
liStralianMhocguard.
ManagersofourOrphanages,that MEDICINEANDMEDICALATTENDANCE willnotbegiventotheOrphan Children,ineitherOrphanages,henceforth ! Wehavenodoubtourreaders throughoutthecolonywillbeastounded atsuchadeterminationonthepartof ourGovernment.Andthereasonsfor theirastonishmentcanbeeasilyunderstood.Therearefewcolonistsof,say, someeightyearsstanding,whocannot recollectthataDeputationofgentlemen,consistingofthenowLordBishop, Dr.GRIVER,theVeryRev.M.GIBNEY, andMessrs.T.FARRELLY,B.SMITH, andJ.T.REILLY,waiteduponthelate GovernorHAMPTON,andrequestedHis Excellencytobepleasedtotransferthe femalechildren,theninmatesofthe PoorHouse,tothekindcareand protectionoftheSISTERSOfMERCY, asatthatpreciseperiod,wecouldonly findaccomodationforthefemalechildren ofourFaith,thenonthelistofthe PoorHouse.Itmustalsobevividly intherecolleuttionofeveryonewhocan calltomindthesmallbeginningsofour Orphanages,howreadily,howcourteously,and,nay,howkindlywerethe DeputationreceivedbyGovernorHim,TON,and,especially,howdesirouswas HisExcellencytofurthertheintentions andobjectsoftheDeputation.Withoutgivinganyfurtherparticularsof theinterviewoftheDeputationwith thelateGovernorHAMPTON-whose memorytheCatholicpeopleofthis colonywilleverholdinkindremembrance-sufficeittosay,thatHis ExcellencydirectedNINEfemalechildren -theninmatesofthePoorHouse-to betransferredtotheSISTERSofMERCY, "inaccordancewiththetermsVERBALLY agreedupon,byHisExcellencyanda Deputationofgentlementhatwaitedon himonthe2ndofJanuary,1868." (ColonialSecretary'sletter,February 17,1868.)
Mr..J.Seollard Mr.Finney, York,May'Nth,1875.
s.d. 50 200 Orphanage.
THEManagersthankfullyacknowledgethefollowingdonations:Mr..1.Fields, BagFlour. Mr.IV,Finney,2 do. Mr.E.Cahill. do.
31e,lt!011111.itOffit.Patricit, 9,00. --(-GrandDrawingofPrizes.
LotteryinaidoftheNewChurch BuildingFund.
ONthedayoftheYORKRACES
therewillbeagrandDrawing ofPrizesinaidoftheNewChurch ofST.PATRICK,intheSchool-house, York. ThePrizesarerareandchoice!!
TICKETS,ONESHILLINGEACH. York,29thApril1875.
"B,.,t,,i,filt/gableinpourpurpose,andwith undaunt,,1.spiritresist11119napandtryto comp,rUri!Withgood,barmyluftreyourq1CS therewardpriparedfurthosewhocombatfor thename(9.Christ"-PiusIX. ,,, SUNDAY,JUNE6,1875.
TOOURREADERS,
TiltsbeingtheTWELFTHnumberof ourissue,wetakethisopportunityof thankingthepublicforthegenerous supportitleasextendedtous.Weare sanguinethatwithacontinuanceof thesamekindassistancethathasbeen accordedtocis,weshallbeableto renderthe WEST AUSTRALIAN CATHOLICRECORD"stillmorevalued andpopular.
OURORPHANAGES.
REFUSALTOGRANTTOOURORPHAN CHILDRENMEDICINEANDMEDICAL ATTENDANCEBYTILEGOVERNMENT.
WEdonotdesiretowriteanything sensational,--hutbeitsensationalor not,-weonlystateFacts! Our Governmenthaveintimatedtothe
TheNINEchildrenweretransferred accordingly,andthestunofEIGHTPENCEperdiemfortheirmaintenance wasgranted.Atthattime-Feb.17, 151;8-Mr.FERGUSONwasColonial SurgeonandOfficerinchargeofthe PoorHouse.Mr.FERGUSONalways attende.ItheOrphanchildren.Mr. FEnousoNneverconsideredthathe wasperformingagratuitousservice whendoingso,northepublicthe slightestinjustice,whengivingMEDIciNETOTHEORPHANCHILDRENfrom theCOLONIALHOSPITAL.IRSExcellencyGovernorHANPTON'Sintentions, nodoubt,werewellunderstoodbythat gentleman.AsColonialSurgeon,he visitedtheOrphans;andasDoctors,likeLawyers,-seldomdoanything gratuitously,-itisonlyreasonableto concludethatMr.FERGUSONonlydone whathedidasapartofhisduty. However,bethatasitmay,ifMr. FERousoNeverhadanyscrupleabout givinghisgovernmentservicesgratuitously,henever,toourknowledge,had theslightestqualmaboutgivingGovernmentMedicineatany,andatalltimes, freelyfromtheColonialHospital. Wemustnotbeunderstoodasmaking anyreflectionsonMr.FERGUSON.Mr. FERGUSON,asColonialSurgeon,was alwayskind,courteous,andattentive, and,wesayitwithpleasure,always willinglygavehisservicestothepoor Orphanchildrenwhenrequired.But, insayingthismuch,wemustnotbe understoodassupposingthatMr. FERGUSONwasanythingmorehumane orphilanthropicthananyofhissuccessors. WecordiallyadmitMr. FERGUSONwaskindandassiduous becausehebelieveditwashis.dutyas ColonialSurgeon.However,tbfact stillis,Mr.FERGUSON,untilthetermof hisresignation,continuedtoattendthe Orphanchildren,andgavethemMedi tinefromtheColonialHospital.His successor,Dr.WAYLEN,priortohis departure,andsubsequenttohisreturn fromEngland,did,andhasattended, theOrphanchildrenas1'1r.FERGUSON waswonttodo;andMr.WAYLEN'S locumtenens,Dr.SHAW,didasthose whohadgonebeforehimdid,viz.,gave hisattendanceandMedicinefromthe ColonialHospital,asamatterofcourse, anddiditwithareadiness,thatclearly showed,thathe,also,lookeduponitas amatterofduty.Mr.WAYLEN,since hisreturntothecolony,hasdoneas-
wehavealreadysaid-hedidheretofore; but,withinaveryrecentperiod,Mr. WAYLENhassuddenlydiscoveredthat itisnopartoftheColonialSurgeon's dutytogivehisattendanceandMedicinetotheOrphanchildrenasamatter ofrightIItisreallywonderfulthat Mr.WAYLENshouldhavetakenthe OfficeofColonialSurgeonandtrodden inthefootstepsofhispredecessor,Mr. FERGUSON,andthatheshould,too,have goneoutsofarasSubiaco,somethree milesfromPerth,(wherethesesheets arenowbeingprinted,)tovisitprofessionallytheOrphanBoys,andthatDr. SHAWdidashedid,andthatnow,Mr. WAYLEN,inMay,1875,shoulddiscover thatitwasnothisduty,asColonial Surgeon,toattendtheOrphanchildren, thoughhewoulddoasheretofore-as hesaysinhislettertotheSISTERSof MERCY-gratuitously.WearethankfulforMr.WAYLEN'Sprofessionof charity,butwewouldratherhavehim continuetodoashedidbefore,and thatis-attendourOrphanchildren andgivethemMedicinefromthe ColonialHospital,notfromfeelingsof philanthrophy,butfromasourceof whathemusthavealwaysconsideredhisboundenduty.TheDeputationof gentlemenwhowaiteduponthelate GovernorHAMPTON,in1868,andmade verinsnagreementwiththethen Governor,aremorallycertainthatthe servicesoftheColonialSurgeonand Medicinewereincludedinthatverbal rcsreement.Thosegentlemenhaveno doubtonthematter.TheColonial Surgeons,aswehaveshown,havecordially-giventheirserviceswithout question,andhow,weask,tindersuch circumstances,cantheGovernment reasonablywithdrawsuchavital, important,andnecessaryaidtoour Orphanages?Inourcolumnswillbe foundabriefreportofthereceptionof aDeputationthatwaitedonIbis ExcellencyGovernorIloniNsos,in referencetothematternowunder comment,anditiswithpleasurewe recordtLatIbisExcellencyfullyadmittedthejusticeandreasonablenessofthe claiminsisteduponbytheDeputation. Thecolonistsatlargeshouldbethank fuitotheDeputationfortheirpromptnessandearnestnessinbringingtoHis Excellency'snoticeasubjectofsuch interestandgravity.
DEPUTATIONONGOVERNORROBINSON.
ONFriday,the21stMay,nDeputation, consistingofIbisLordshipDr.GRIVER, theVeryRev.M.Gibney,V.G., Messrs.T.FARRELLY,J.T.REILLY, andJ.A.LUCAS,waiteduponHis ExcellencyGovernorROBINSON,in referencetoaletterwhichhadbeen receivedfromtheGovernment,through theColonialSurgeon,refusingtogrant MedicineandMedicalattendancetothe Orphanchildrenasheretofore.The Deputationhavingbeenintroducedto HisExcellency,IbisLordshipthe BishoprequestedHisExcellencyto allowtheVeryRev.M.Glumly,who wasManageroftheOrphanages,to explainbrieflythepurposeofthe Deputation.HisExcellencyhaving consented-theVeryRev.M.GIBNEY saidthatHisExcellencywasalready aware,fromtheletterrequestingan audiencewithHisExcellency,the objectoftheDeputation.Itwasbriefly toexplaintheverbalagreementthathad beenenteredintobytheDeputationof gentlemenwhowaiteduponthelate GovernorHAMPTON,whentakingover theFemaleOrphanchildrenfromthe PoorHouse,in1868.TheRev. gentlemanthengaveanaccountofthe interviewwiththelateGovernor HAMPTON,duringwhichtheGovernor saidthatnotonlywouldthePoor childrenhavefromtheGovernmentall thattheywereentitledtoreceiveas inmatesofthePoorHouse,betthat,if theexperimentwasasuccess,ashe believeoitwouldprovetobe,bewas preparedtosuggestthatasumbevoted outofpublicfunds-besidestheeightpenceperdiemfortheirmaintenancefortheerectionofBuildings,and, further,saidthathewouldleaveon record,inhisoffice,amemorandumto thateffect.Thegentlementhenpresent couldbearhimoutinthatstatement. Bedsteads,abed,andonepairofsheets weregiventoeachchildonleavingthe
Home.Fromtimetotime,Governor HAMPTON'Swisheswerenotcarriedout, forinstance,thebedsteadswererefused, buttheGovernororderedthemtobe giventotheOrphans,whichwasdone. AfterGovernorHAMPTON'Sdeparture, however,anallowanceofthirtyshillings, inlieuofbedsteads,wasgrantedtoeach Poorchildtakenover.Thiswas acceptedbytheManagers,thoughnot anequivalentforthebedsteadsand bedding,but,inthehopethatitwould becontinued.Wereasonedthusthatoncewebadasufficientsupplyof bedsteads,alltheGovernmentwouldbe boundtogiveusafterwardswouldbe arenewalofbedding;andthirtyshillingswitheachfreshchildwouldgoa longwaytowardsdefrayingthat expense.Thatwas,however,very soondiscontinued-thoughnotwithoutprotestonthepartofthe Managers.Again,anattemptwas madetoreducetheallowanceformaintenancefromeight-pencetosix-pence perdiem,butthatwasunsuccessful, andnowitwassoughttodeprivethe Orphanchildrenoftheattendanceof theColonialSurgeonandMedicine fromtheColonialHospital.TheVery Rev.gentlemanmentionedthesefacts toshowthattheGovernment,instead ofmanifestinganydesiretocarryout thelaudablewishesofGovernorIlsueTON,seemedonlyanxioustofrustrate them.HewouldaskHisExcellency torememberthatMedicineandMedical attendancewerealwaysgivenbythe ColonialSurgeons.Dr.FERGUSON,Dr. WAYLEN,andDR.SHAWalwaysdidSO, anditwashisopinion,nay,conviction, thatwhentakingoverthechildrenfrom thePoorhouse,GovernorHAMPTON intendedthatthechildrenshouldreceive MedicineandMedicalattendance,asif theywereinmatesofthePoorHouse. AllthattheManagersintended,and,he believedhewascorrectinsaying,whatGovernorHAMPTONunderstoodwas,thattheGovernmentwouldonly berelievedofprovidingaccomodation andsuperintendingthechildrentransferredfromtheHometotheSISTP.ItSof MistY. TheVeryRev.gentleman availedhimselfoftheopportunityof pointingouttoHisExcellencythe ultimategoodwhichtheOrphanages wouldeffect,andaftergivingan accountofthenumberofBoysand Girlsthathadbeensupported,andwere nowbeingmaintainedbytheOrphanages withoutgovernmentaid,urgedthatthe Governmentwouldbedoingmorereal goodforthecolonybyassistingprivate charitythanbyanyschemeofemigration.Thechildrenbroughtupinthe Orphanageswouldbecomepermanent settlers,andattachedtothelandof theirbirth.Indeed,manyboysand girls,whohadbeentrainedinthe Orphanages,were,hewasgladtosay, atservice,anddoingwell.Hetrusted, therefore,thatHisExcellencywould givethevariousmatterstowhichlie hadalluded,hiskindconsideration.
ExcellencyasMembersoftheDeputationwhowaiteduponthelateGovernor HAMPTON,and,whiletheycorroborated theVeryRev.M.Gibneyinhisevery statemeet,couldnotsaythatHis ExcellencyGovernorHAMPTONhad particularlymentionedMedicineand Medicalattendance.They,however, hadnodoubtHisExcellencyGovernor HAMPTONimplieditduringhisremarks, andfullybelievedthatsuchwerethe intentionsofGovernorHAMPTON,asit wasclearlyunderstoodbyallparties thattheonlytwoitemsfromwhichthey relievedtheGovernmentwerethoseof superintendenceandhouseaccomodation.
HisExcellencysaidhenowfully comprehendedthequestiontheDeputationhadputbeforehim.Withthese newfactshewouldreconsiderhis decision,andtheymightdependupon himgivingthequestionbeforehimhis mostcarefulandimpartialconsideration. TheDeputationhavingthankedHis Excellency,withdrew.
TILEELEMENTARYEDUCATIONACT.
"ITisastonishing,"writesacontemporary,"whatgreatmistakesarenot unfrequentlymadebymenofmere booklearning,orofficeexperience,when theyhavetodeviseanyimportant measureforactualuseinlife"--and quotesasaninstancethesystemof Educationnowobtaininginthecolony. Itisatleastequallyastonishing,and muchmoretobedeplored,thatthose whoshouldbethetruthfulexponentsof publicopinionoccasionallytorgetthe generalgoodinpanderingtosome pettylocalorpartypurpose,and committhemselvestostatementsutterly atvariancewithauthenticstatistics, substitutingforfactswildandunscrupulousassertions.Thereisnosubject ofreligious,social,andpoliticalimportance,fromtheconsiderationofwhichit ismorenecessarytoeleminateevery particlecfpartyprejudiceorsectarian bigotry,thanthatofEducation,and, unfortunately,thereisscarcelyasubject ofpublicinterestthathaselicited,in discussion,nioreofeither,orboth,in thiscolony.
uttercollapseofthesmallruralschools, fromtheinabilityofteacherstomaintainthemselvesbythepaymentfor "Results."Butwiththeonlyreliable evidencebeforethem,therecordsofthe DistrictBoards,theInspectortestifies tothefactthatunderthissystem,"the emolumentsoftheteachershavein proportionincreased"-andtheCentral BoardofEducationfurtheradds,"We aresatisfiednoteacherwhoseservices areworthretainingwillbealoser," andagain,"thereisnorisktoan averageteacher"underthesystemof "paymentforresults."Wefurther findthateventhispartialapplicationof theElementaryEducationActtoour Schoolsystemhasresulted"beyondall cavil,inincreasedefficiencyanda savingofpublicmoney,"andwemay addthat,innearlyeveryinstancein whichanyconsiderablefallingoffinthe attendanceatthestrictlyGovernment Schoolscanberecorded,itwillbefound thatitismorethancompensatedfur byincreasedattendanceattheAssisted Selio:As,wherethechildrenarebeing educatedatlessthanhalfthecosttothe public.
hisExcellencytheGovernor,during thecourseoftheVeryRev.M. GIBNEY'Saddress,occasionallyquestionedhimastomattersmentioned,in orderthathemightclearlycomprehend thequestionatissue.HisExcellency saidthatadirectquestionhadbeen puttohimbyDr.WAYLENastohis officialdutiesasColonialSurgeon,and hisreplywasthatitwasnopartofthe ColonialSurgeon'sdutytoattendthe OrphanagesbutuntiltheDeputation purposedwaitinguponhim,hewasnot awareofanyagreement,verbal,or otherwise.Hadhebeenawareofthis fact,liemighthavegivenaverydifferentopinion.Hewouldsay,also, thattherewasnomemorandumfrom GovernorHAMPTONinreferencetothe Orphanages,butthatwasofnoconsequence,asiftheDeputationcould assurehimthatGovernorHAMPTON, ingivingovertheChildren,promised thattheyshouldalsohaveMedicine andMedicalattendance,hewouldfulfil thepromiseoftheGovernor,though onlyverballymade.CouldtheDeputationgivehimthatassurance?
TheVeryRev.M.GIBNEYcouldnot saythatGovernorHAMPTONhadever mentionedMedicineorMedicalattendance,specially;butsaidthat,perhaps, someoftheothergentlemenofthe Deputationcouldspeakmoredefinitely. HisLORDSHIP,Mr.FARRELLY,and Mr.J.T.REILLYthenaddressedHis
Tothosewhonecessarilyhaveregularlywatchedtheworkingofthe presentsystemofEducation,because constantlyprotestingagainstthe inherentdefectsandinjusticesofthat Whichithassuperseded,anycomparison betweenthetwoseemsalmostabsurd Theoneis,infact,asystem,theother wasamakeshift.Buttotheless interestedobservermightpossiblyoccur sonicsuchcomparisona:couldbe drawnbetweenawell-builtedifice, designeduponcorrectarchitectural principles,tosnittherequirementsof itsoccupantsandthepurposesfor whichitwasintended,andthecrude ill-shapedmassofbuildingssofrequently metwithinourtowns,which,originatinginthehumbleshantyoftheearly settler,withadditionsandalterations suggestedbytheexigenciesofsuccessiveoccupants,andheapeduponeach otherwithoutregardtostyleorproportion,becomes,atlast,anunsightly, incommodious,andunhomogenous whole,totallyunsuitedforthepurposes forwhichitisused.
Ofcourse,fromastatisticalpointof view,acertaincomparisonmaybedrawn betweenthetwosystems; butwe maintainthatevensuchacomparison wouldatthepresentmomentbeincompleteandobviouslyunfairtowardsthe ElementaryEducationAct,which,iii itsentirety,cameintooperationonlyat thecommencementofthecurrentyear. Atthedateofthelastreportofthe CentralBoardofEducation,presented totheLegislativeCouncil,ofthe61 GovernmentSchoolstheninexistence, only21hadcomeundertheoperation oftheActasregardspaymentof teachersbyresults.And,withreference totheseschools,wehavethetestimony oftheInspector,that"acomparisonof the21SchoolsundertheNewSystem, withthoseundertheOld,wouldgivea resultverymuchinfavoroftheformer, eitherasregardstheincreasedregular attendanceofthescholars,orofthe numberofpassesgainedintheseveral Standards."Anonymouscorrespondents, inmorethanoneofourcontemporaries, have,fromtimetotime,propheciedthe
Weareatalosstounderstandthe almostwildlyexultantandincoherent utterancesofourFremantlecontemporary,inannouncingthat"actuallyin Perthithasbeenfoundnecessaryto adopt,theCompulsoryClauseinthe EducationAct,andtotryandfillup the'vacantformsintheGovernment Schools theaidofthelawandthe ',olive."Theselectionofthisexample ofthe"impracticability"ofthepresent systemofEducationissomewhat unhappy-foritiswellknownthatfor morethantwoyearsthePerthDistrict Boardhasbeenatissuewiththe CentralBoardofEducationastothe meansofsupplementingthepresent inadequateSchoolaccomodation.Wo maythereforesafelyinferthatitwas notforthepurposeabovesuggested, thatitwasnotintheinterestofaclass ofteacherswhohadmeltingtofear fromanychangeofsystem-thatthe PerthDistrictBoardhasdecidedupon enforcingtheCompul<oryClause-but forthebenefitofaclassforwhichthe lie,oldhasoftenandeloquentlypleaded -the"CityArabs"-furthechildren ofparentshavingnoregardforthe presentorfutureoftheiroffspring,and who,intheinterestsofsociety,mustbe compelledtodotheirduty. Thereismuchinthese"Herald" aitides,andinthereportofthepublic meetingatGreenoughthat,hadwe space,wewouldwishtonotice.Most oftheobjectionsraisedagainsttheAct arepracticallyandcomprehensively answeredintheReportoftheCentral BoardofEducation,towhichwerefer ourreaders.Butthereisalsomuch unworthyofcommentTheycontain statementssounfoundedandillogical thattheymustsurelybetheinspiration ofsomeeffeteorincompetentpedagogue oftheOldSystem,who,nolongerable toholdasinecureunderthecondition ofpaymentonlyfurvaluereceived, consoleshimselfbyindulgencein spleneticrevilings.Wedonotclaim fortheElementaryEducationAct absoluteimmunityfromdsfect.For instance,althoughbyitsoperationswe havenodoubtthat,asarule,the earningsofteacherswillbeconsiderably increased,weadmitthattheprincipleof curtailingtheiremolumentsbythatover whichtheyhavelittleornocontrolnamely,thenon-attendanceofpupils-mayfairlybochallenged.Moreover, thereisaglaringinjusticeinthedifferencebetweenthepaymentstopurely GovernmentandAssistedSchools.In boththesamesecularresultsare required,anditisonlyforsuchresults thatpaymentcanbemade.Whynot paybothatthesamerateforthesame value?DoesitaffordfullencouragementtovoluntaryeffortsinSchool extension,togiveforresultsinSchools, whoseerectionandfurnishinghavebeen freeofexpensetotheState,onlya moietyofwhatispaidforthesame resultsintheGovernmentSchools? Ilereisagrievancewehopetohave somedayredressed;butmeanwhilewe deprecateanymisrepresentationofan Actforwhichwedesireafairand impartialtrial.Andwhenthathas beenaccorded,shoulditbefound necessarytoalteroramend,wetrust thatthetwograndprinciplesoftheAct
shallbereligiouslymaintained--namely, perfectdenominationalequalityand encouragementtothevoluntaryefforts ofthosewhoarepreparedtomake sacrificesforconsciencesake.The ElementaryEducationActisadmittedlyacompromise,and,likeallcompromises,mustfailtogiveperfect satisfactiontoallparties.Itis,however,inmostrespects,asfairacompromisebetweenapurelysecularand purelydenominationalsystemofEducationascouldbedevised.Thelatterwe, ofcourse,holdtobetheonlysatisfactorysolutionofthe"religious difficulty,"anduntilthetimecomesfor itsinauguration,wehopetoseethe presentElementaryEducationAct maintainedasnearlyaspossibleinits integrity.Weshallreturntothe subjectassoonaswehavetheopportunityofreviewingthelatestReportof theCentralBoardofEducation,which weunderstandisnowinthePress.
STEAMCOMMUNICATION.
ALTHOUGHwedonot.agreewithour contemporarytheHeraldineverything, wequitecoincideinitsviewsastothe desirabilityofrwtresteamcommunicationonthecoast,andinthedirection ofIndia.Wehave,itistrue,asteamer tosupplysomeofourmosturgentrequirements,butweoughtonlytoregard thisasthefirststepinarightdirection. Thepresentsteamerissofarfrombeing abletodoallthatisrequired,thatit rathermakesusfeelourwantofsuch accommodationthemore.Thiswas probablyoneofthereasonswhyour lateGovernor,ME.WELD,wasdeterminedthatweshouldhaveasteamerat anycost.IthasbeensaidthatMr. W'nr.n'sGovernmentofferedabonus whichwasntinecessary,inasmuchas thetrafficbetweenGeraldtonandthe foundswassuchastoofferasuffisient inductMilttoshipownerswithout anythingmore.Ilutthefirststepis alwaysdifficult.Inthisinstance,it hadbeen',lovedtobeso.Asteamer hadbeentalkedabout,longbefits°Mr. svLLD&losetothecolony. company badoncebeeninthecourseOfformatien,ifnotactuallyformed,toprocure andrunone.Butnosteamerwasever wit,andweseemedasfarofffrom gettingateItsever.Mt.WELDthere140resolvedthatthereshouldbeno furtherdelayandthatweshouldmake abeginning,evenatwhatmightscent tobeapresentsacrifice.Butitwas notforthesakeofonesteamerthathe consentedtoourgivingabonus,but forthesakeofthemanyotherswhich weresureafterawhiletofollowinits track.Hewaswillingthatthecolony shouldpaythefirststeamertocome andshowthewaytoothers.Ithas showntheway,ifpeoplewillonlybe taught.Eversinceithasbeenonthe coastithasbeenpassingupanddown fullcargoes,anexcellentpassenger traffic,andhighfreights.TheimportanceoftheWestAustraliancoasting tradeisnolongerathingwhichhasto beascentained.Ithasbeenshownby thesuccessofthepresentsteamer,and shipownersneednolongerhesitateto embarkinitTheexistingsteameris keptrunningwithoutceasing,yetis unabletocarrynearlyallwhichwould besenttoherifitwerenotfearedthat shecouldnottakeit.Thusmuchmay esaidinregardtothetrafficbetween ChampionpayandtheSounds.lint thistildewebelievetobeinsignificant comparedwiththatwhichwouldarise betweenthiscountryandIntha,ifthere werealineofsteamersbetweenthetwo countries,callingatBataviaandSingapore.Andtherecanbelittledoubt thatitwastotheopeningofacommunicationwithIndia,bythisroute,that Mr.WELDlookedforwardwhenhewas soanxiousforustohavethefirstvessel ofoursteamfleet.Hadtheperiodof officepermittedtocolonialgovernors beenlonger,andhehadremained amongusforafewmoreyears,he would,nodoubt,haveencouraged speculationinthisdirectionasfaras layinhispower.Butitisoreofthe misfortunesofthegovernorsofEnglish colonies,aswellasoneoftheirgreatest discouragements,thattheycanonly initiateapolicywithoutbeingallowed toconductittoasuccessfulissue.Still, thatextensionofsteamcommunication
towhichMr.WELDlookedforward,as oneoftheultimateresultsofhispolicy, isnotonewhichcanverywellbepromotedbygovernmentsafterthefirststep. Itisdependentonthenaturnalaction oftheprinciplesoftrade,andmustbe developedbytheeffortsofprivateenterprize.Wedrawtheattentiontoit,as apartifMr.WELD'Splan,inorderthat peoplemaybeledtotakeaninterestin itasafeatureofourinevitablefuture, andasaportionofagreatwholewhich itisdesirableshouldbebroughtabout assoonaspossible.
PRSSIA
GREATthingshaveinvariablysmall beginnings.Norisitalwayspleasant orcreditabletoagreatfamilyor powerfulStateofto-day,tomaketoo closeenquiriesintotheirorigin,ortrace backthemeans?ridcausesthatbrought abouttheirpresentascendancy.Inour admirationfortheboldandsuccessful, wearetoopronetocondonemuchthat ourcandoroughttoreprobate.Allthe worldisastonished,ifnotlostinadmiration,attherecentsuddenriseofPrussia anditsrecussitationofthegreatGerman Empire.
Threeandahalfcenturyago,ALBERT ofIlitANDENISURGbecamethefirst "DukeofPrussia."Thisman,a youngersonoftheMAI:GRAVEOfBRANDENBURG,waselectedGrandMasterof theTeutonicKnights,abouttentyears beforethecommencementofLUTHER'S carreer.Intheyear1525,underthe influenceofLUTHER'SandMELAsncieroN'steachings,his"consience"(in somerespectresemblingthatofour Kinglim'VIII.)compelledhim, nsBossuarsays,inhisVariations, "tobecomeamarriedman,areformer, andahereditarysovereign."He usurpedforhimselftheterritorywhich hehadheldintrustforthetheTeutonic Knightsand,afterholdingit,for43 years,leftittohisson.Thesefactsare wellenoughknowntothehistorical student.Butwhathasonlylatelybeen maleknownbydocumentsinthe Vatican,publishedbyalearnedGerman Oratorian,is,thatALBERThimself,in hislateryears,returnedtotheCatholic Churchandsentaprivateembassyto Ronnetoobtainboththeremovalofhis ownexcommunicationandtheadviceof theHolyFatherastothemeansof bringingbackhissubjectstothetrue faith.Itmayseemamatterofsmall importancewhatsobadamanbelieved ordid,yethesuggeststousaserious reflection.
Surelynothingisastrongertestimonytothesupernaturalpowerofthe CatholicChurchovermen'sconsciences, thanthefactthatnooneeverheardof antanwho,findinghimselfapproaching todeath,afterlivingallhislifeasa Catholic,hasfeltthathecouldnotdie easywithoutfirstbecomingaProtestant;while,ontheotherhand,tillthe worldknowshowverynumerousare theinstancesofProtestantswho,onthe approachofdeath,haveresolvedto submittotheCatholicChurch.
Astothispoorman,thefamily whichbetooksuchwretchedmeansto aggrandizesooncametonothing.His onlysonlivedmanyyearsanominal sovereign,butintruth,alunatic, deprivedevenofhispersonalliberty andtheunhonoreddeathofthatson endedhislife.Dyingwithoutchildren, hisdominionsfellintotheelderbranch ofhisfamilyandultimatelygavethe titleofKingtotheHouseofBRANDENBURG.
AMAI1OJIEDANVIEWOFMR. GLADSTONE.
Mn.GLADSTONE'SPamphlethasgiven risetosuchamassofreplies,and occupiedsomuchspaceinourpublic journals,thatoneshouldthinkthe subjecthadbeenexhaustedandthat thediscussionofitmightbeallowedto rest.ThebulkoftheEnglishpress, ledawaybyreligiousanimosity,has certainlyfailedintakingthatviewof Mr.GLADSTONE'Srecentpoliticalutterances,whichmighteasilyhavesuggesteditselftoanimpartialcritic.The followingappearedinaTurkishnewspaperAl-Jawdibandwepresentitto ourreadersasacuriosityinitsway, and,also,asanexpressionofMaho-
medanopinionnotdevoidoftruthand commonsense:"Themostnoteworthyandstrangefeature amongtheEnglishpeopleatthepresenttime istheirstrifeandcontentionabouttheritual andceremonialwhichshouldbeobservedin theirChurchduringworship.SomemaintaintheimportanceoftheirBishopsand priestsbeingarrayedingorgeousapparel whileofficiatingattheservice,theuseof incense,prostrations,genuflexions,andthe like,similiartothepresentusagesinthe orthodoxRomanCatholicChurch,notwithstandingthattheyhavebeencontentto dispensewiththeseadjunctsforthelast300 years.Forourownpartweareatalossto conceivewhathasledthematthistimeof daytoreverttosuchmatters,anditseems tousthattheywouldbemuchbetter employedinendeavouringtoconciliatethe differentProtestantsectsoftheirownflesh andblood,whoareestrangedfromthe EstablishedChurchthaninfightingabout externals.Butwhatismostwonderfulto contemplateisthephenomenonofpoliticians ofhighranktakingpartinthesereligious discussions.Mr.Gladstone,forinstance,an ex-PrimeMinister,haswrittenapamphlet againsttheproceedingsoftheChurchof Rome,denyingitssupremacy,impugningthe infallibtliVofthePope,andsoforth-atask muchmoreappropriatetotheArchbishopof Canterbury.Itseems,however,thattheexPremierhasbetakenhimselfcothisstyleof composition,eitherasastepping-stone towardshisreturntothePremiership,orin ordertoventhisangeronthoseCatholics whodifferedfromhimpolitically.Itwould havebeenfarbetterinourhumbleopinion, ifduringhistenureofofficehehaspaid someattentiontotheabrogationofthe TreatyofPariswithrespecttotheBlack tiva,andtothepredominanceofGermany overFranceandthecognatemattersbecomingachiefMinisterofState.These,however,hestudiouslyneglected,andplunged intoChurchmattersHereonemaystepin andsay,doesthedoctrineofPapalInfallibilityenterfairlyintotheprovinceof politics,inasmuchasitisopentoquestion whetheraCatholicwhoholdsthattenetcan atthesametimebeloyaltotheState?We reply,thisduetrineoftheinfallibilitywasproclaimedthreeyear;ago,whenMr.Gladstone wasPrimeMinister;whythendidlienot noticeitatthetime?Ifitbesaid,onthe otherhand,thatthePrerniershspsointoxicatedhimthatheoverlookedtheabrogation ofthetreatyreferredto,andalsotheinfallibilityquestion,andthathedidnotbeeiiine alivetotheimportanceofthosesubjects untilhewassuperseded,whenhehadleisure andcouldcalmlyreflectupontheserious e'entswhichtranspiredduringhistcrinreof office,thenallwehavetosayis,thatIre trusthisnextpamphletwilldiscussthe abrogationoftheParisTreaty."
INFALLIBILITY.
THEfollowingisthetranslationinto EnglishoftheFirstDogmaticConstitution,promulgatedbytheHoly(EcumenicalVaticanCouncil,theLatintext ofwhichwasgiveninourlastissue.:PIUSBISHOP, SERVANTOFTHESERVANTSOFGOD,WITHTHE APPROVALOFTHESACREDCOUNCIL,FOR PERPETUALREMEMBRANCE. (Preamble.)
TheeternalPastorandBishopofoursouls, inordertorenderperpetualthelife-giring workofHisredemption,determinedtobuild theHolyChurch,wherein,asintheHouse ofthelivingGod,allthefaithfulmightbe unitedinthebondofonefaithandcharity. Wherfore,beforeenteringintoHisglory,Ile prayeduntotheFather,notfortheapostle-s only,butforthosealsowhothroughtheir preachingshouldeiiii.etobelieveinHim, thatallmightbeone,evenastheSon;in Fatherareone.Asthentheapostleswhom HehadchosentoHimselffromtheworld weresentbyflint,nototherwisethanHe HimselfhadbeensentbytheFathersodid Hewillthatthereshouldeverbepastorsand teachersinHisChurchtotheendofthe world.ButinorderthattheEpiscopate mightbeoneandundivided,andthatby meansofacloselyunitedpriesthoodthe wholemultitudeofthefaithfulmightbe preservedintheunityoffaithandcommunion,placingBlessedPeterovertherestof theapostles,HeestablishedinHimthe abidingprincipleofthistwofoldunity,and itsvisiblefoundation,thatuponitsstrength theeverlastingtempleshouldbebuilt,and thesublimestructureoftheChurchdestined toreachtheheavens,shouldrestonthe firmnessofthisfaith(1).Andsincethe gatesofhell,withdailyincreasinghatred, endeavoronallaides,tooverthrow,if possible,theChurchbyupheavingthefoundationthussetbyGod;We,forthepreservation,safe-keeping,andincreaseofthe Catholicflock,withtheapprovalofthe sacredCouncil,dojudgeittobenecessary toproposetothebeliefandacceptanceofall thefaithful,inaccordancewiththeancient andconstantfaithoftheuniversalChurch, thedoctrineregardingtheinstitution,perpetuity,andnatureofthesacredApostolic Primacyinwhichconsiststhestrengthand solidityoftheentireChurch,andtoproscribeandcondemnthecontraryerrors,so banefultotheflockofChrist.
CHAPTER1. OFTHEINSTITUTIONOFTHEAPOSTOLIC PRIMACYINBLESSEDPETER. We,therefore,teachanddeclarethat, accordingtothetestimonyoftheGospel, theprimacyofjurisdictionovertheuniver,VI
salChurchofGod,waspromisedtoand conferredonBlessedPetertheApostle, immediatelyanddirectly,byChristthe Lord.ForitwastoSimonalone(towhom hehadsaidbefore:thoushaltbecalled Cephas2),thatafterwards,onoccasionof theconfessionmadebyhimthouartthe Christ,theSonofthelivingGod-theLord addressedthewordsBlessedartthou SimonBar-Jona,becausefleshandblood Bathnotrevealedittothee,buttoyFather whoisinheaven.AndIsaytotheethat thouartPeter;anduponthisrockIwill buildmyChurch,andthegatesofhellshall notprevailagainstit.AndIwillgiveto theethekeysofthekingdomofHeaven. Andwhatsoeverthoushaltbinduponearth, itshallbeboundalsoinheaven,andwhatsoeverthoushaltlooseonearth,shallbeloosed alsoinheaven.3AnditwasuponSimon alonethat.Jesus,afterHisresurrection, bestowedthejurisdictionofChiefPastor andRuleroverallHisfoldinthewords Feedmylambsfeedmysheep.4Atopen variancewiththiscleardoctrineofHoly Scripture,asithasbeeneverunderstoodby theCatholicChurch,aretheperverse opinionsofthosewho,distortingtheform ofgovernmentestablishedbyChristthe LordinHisChurch,denythatPeterinhis singleperson,inpreferencetoalltheother Apostles,whethertakenseparatelyortogether,wasendowedbyChristwithatrue andproperpriinacyofjurisdiction;orof thosewhoassertthatthesameprimacywas notbestowedimmediatelyanddirectlyupon BlessedPeterLimself,butupontheChurch, andthroughtheChurchonPeterasher minister.
Ifanyone,therefore,shallsaythatBlessed PetertheApostlewasnotappointee'by ChristourLordthePrinceofallthe Apostles,andthevisibleIleadofthewhole Churchmilitant;orthatthesamedirectly andimmediatelyreceivedfromthesame LordJesusChristaPrimacyofhonoronly, andnotoftrueandproperjurisdictionlet himbeanathema.
CHAPTERII.
OFTHEPERPElUITYOFTHE.PRIMACYOF PETERINTHEROMANPONTIFFS.
Whattheprinceofshepherdsandgreat shepherdofthesheep,JesusChristour Lord,establishedinthepersonoftheblessed apostlePetertosecuretheperpetualwelfare andlastinggoodoftheChurch,thesame must,bythepowerofitsfoundernecessarily remainforevermoreintheChurch;which, beingfoundedupontheRock,istostand firsttotheendofages.Fornonecandoubt, andindeeditisknowntoallages,thatthe holyandblessedPeter,theprinceandchief oftheapostle,,thepillarofthefaithand foundationoftheCatholicChurch,received thekeysofthekingdomfromourLord JesusChrist,theSaviourandRedeemerof thehumanrace,andthatinhissuccessors, theBishopsoftheHolySeeofRome, foundedbyhim,andconsecratedbyhis blood,helivesandpresides,andjudges,up tothepresenttimeandialways.5Whence, whosoeversucceedsPeterinthisSee,bythe institutionofChristhimself,obtainsthe PrimacyofPeteroverthewholeChurch. Thedispositionmadebytruththerefore remains,andBlessedPeter,abidinginthe strengthoftherockthathereceived,has notabandonedthehelmoftheChurch,6of whichhetookcharge.Onthisaccountit hasatalltimesbeennecessarythatevery Church-thatistosay,thefaithfulthroughouttheworld-shouldagreewiththeRoman Church,onaccountofitsmorepowerful princedom,thatallbeingassociatedinthat Seewhencetherightsofcommunionspread toall,asmembersunitedunderthehead, 'ightcombinetoformoneconnectedbody.; If,then,anyoneshallsaythatitisnotby theinstitutionofChristtheLord,orby divineright,thatliJessedPeterhasaperpetuallineofsuccessorsinthePrimacyover theUniversalChurchorthattheRoman PontiffisnotthesuccessorofBlessedPeter inthisPrimacy;lethimbeanathema.
CHAPTER OFTHEPOWERANDCHARACTEROFTIES
PRIMACYOFTHEROMANPONTIFF. Wherefore,restingonplaintestimoniesof theSacredwritings,andinaccordanceboth withtheclearandexpressdecreesofour predecessors,theRomanPontiffs,andof generalCouncils,werenewthedefinitionof theoecumenicalCouncilofFlorence,in, virtueofwhichallthefaithfulofMist mustbelievethattheholyApostolicSeeand theRomanPontiffholdstheprimacy,over thewholeworld,andthattheRomanPontiff isthesuccessorofBlessedPeter,Princeof theApostles,andtrueVicarof('hrist,Head ofthewholeChurch,andfatherandteacher ofallChristiansandthattohiminblessed PeterwasgivenbyJesusChristourLord fullpowertofeed,rule,andgovernthe universalChurch:asisalsocontainedin theactsofthegeneralCouncilsandinthe sacredcanons.
Further,reteachanddeclarethat,by theappointmentofourLord,theRoman Churchpossessesbhesupremeauthorityof ordinaryjurisdictionoverallotherChurches, andthatthispowerofjurisdictionofthe RomanPontiff,whichistrulyepiscopal,is immediatetowhichall,bothpastorsand faithful,ofwhatsoeverriteanddignity, bothindividuallyandcollectively,arebound tosubmit,bythedutyofhierarchicalsubordinationandtrueobedience,notonlyin mattersbelongingtofaithandmorals,but alsointhosethatappertaintothediscipline andgovernmentoftheChurchthroughout theworld,sothatthroughthepreservation ofunitybothofcommunionandoftheprofessionofthesamefaithwiththeRoman Pontiff,theChurchofChristmaybeone flockunderonesupremepastor.Thisisthe
teachingoftheCatholictruth,fromwhich noonecandeviatewithoutdetrimenttofaith andsalvation.
ButsofaristhispoweroftheSupreme Pontifffrombeingprejudicialtothatordinaryandimmecilatepowerofepiscopal jurisdiction,bywhichtheBishops,who, havingbeensetbytheHolySpirithave succeededtotheplaceoftheApostles9,feed andgovern,astruePastors,eachtheflock assignedtohim,thatthisepiscopalauthority isreallysustained,strengthened,andvindi-catedbythesupremeanduniversalPastor inaccordancewiththewordsofSt.Gregory theGreatMyhonouristhehonourofthe wholeChurch.Myhonouristhefirm strengthofmybrethren.Whenduehonour isnotdeniedtoeachofthem,thenam1 trulyhonoured.8
Moreover,fromthissupremepowerpos- sessedbytheRomanPontiffofgoverning theUniversalChurch,itfollowsthathehas therightoffreelycommunicatinginthe exerciseofthishisofficewiththePastorsof thewholeChurch,andwiththeirflocks,that thesemaybetaughtandgovernedbyhimin thewayofsalvation.Whereforewecondemnandrejecttheopinionsofthosewho holdthatthecommunicationbetweenthe supremeHeadandthePastorsandtheir flockscanlawfullybeimpeded;orwho representthiscommunicationassubjectto thewillofthesecularpower,soastoassert thatwhateverisdoneforthegovernmentof theChurchbytheApostolicSee,orbyits authority,cannothaveforceorvalue,unless itbeconfirmedbytheassentofthesecular power.
AndsincebydivinerightoftheApostolic primacy,theRomanPontiffpresidesover theUniversalChurch,wefurtherteachand declarethatheisthesupremejudgeofthe faithful9,antithatinallcausesappertaining toecclesiasticaljurisdiction,recoursemaybe hadtohisjudgmentloandthatnonemay re-openthejudgmentoftheApostolicSee, thanwhosethereisnogreaterauthority, andthatitisnotlawfulforanyonetosit injudgmentonitsjudgments)1.Wherefore theydepartfromthestraightpathoftruth whoassertthatitislawfultoappealfrom thedecisionsoftheRomanPontiffstoan wcumenicalCouncil,astoanauthority superiortotheRomanPontiff. If,then,anyoneshallsaythattheRoman Pontiffhastheofficeonlyofinspectionordirection,hutnotfullandsupremepowerof jurisdictionovertheUniversalChurch,not aloneirt,thingswhichbelongtofaithand morals,butinthosewhichrelatetothe disciplineantigovernmentoftheChurch spreadthroughouttheworldorwhoassert thathepossesssesmerelytheprincipalpart, andnotallthefulnessofthissupreme power;orthatthispowerwhichheenjoys isnotordivaryantiimmediate,whetherover eachandalltheChurches:,orovereachand allthePastorsandthefaithfullethimbe anathema.
CHAPTERIV. OFTHEINFALLIBLEAUTHORITYOFTill; ROMANPONTIFFINTEALRING.
Moreover,thatthesupremepowerof teachingisalsoincludedintheApostolic primacy,whichtheRomanPontiff,:isthe successorofl'eter,princeoftheApostles, enjoysoverthewholeChurch,thisHoly Seehasalwaysheld,theperpetualpracticeof Churchattests,:Ind(ecumenicalCouncils themselveshavedeclared,especiallythosein whichtheEastwtththeWestmetinthe unionoffaithandcharity.FortheFathers ofthefourthCouncilofConstantinople, followinginthefootstepsoftheirpredecessors,issuedthissolemnprofessionThe firstconditionofsalvationistokeeptherule ofthetruefaith.Andbecausethesentence ofourLordJesusChristcannotbepassed by,whosaidThouartPeter,anduponthis RockIwillbuildmyCht.rch,thesewords whichhavebeensaidareprovedtrueby events,becauseintheApostolicSecthe catholicreligionhasalwaysbeenkept immaculate,andtheholydoctrinepublicly maintained.Therefore,nowisedesiringto beseparatedfromthefaithanddoctrineof thatSee,wehopetobeworthytobeinthe onecommunionproclaimedbytheApostolic Seeinwhichistheentireandtruesolidity oftheChristianreligion12. And,withtheapprovalofthesecond CouncilofLyonstheGreeksprofessedthat theHolyRomanChurchenjoyssupremeand fullprimacyandpre-eminenceoverthe vvholeCatholicChurchwhichprimacyit truthfullyandhumblyacknowledgestohave receivedwiththeplentitudeofpowerfrom ourLordHimselfinthepersonofBlessed Peter,princeorheadoftheApostles,of whomtheRomanPontiffissuccessor;and astheApostolicSeeishoundbeforeall otherstodefendthetruthoffaith,soalso ifanyquestionsregardingfaithshallarise, theymustbedefinedbyitsjudgment. Finally,theCouncilofFlorencedefined ThattheRomanPontiffisthetrueVicarof Christ,andtheheadofthewholeChurch, andthefatherandteacherofallChristians andthattohiminblessedPeterwas deliveredbyourLordJesusChristthefull poweroffeeding,ruling,andgoverningthe wholeChurch. Tosatisfythispastoraldutyourpredecessorsevermadeunweariedeffortsthatthe salutarydoctrineofChristmightbepro- pagatedamongallthenationsoftheearth, andwithequalcarewatchedthatitmight bepreservedsincereandpurewhereithad beenreceived.WhereforetheBishopsof thewholeworld,sometimesindividually, sometimesassembledinsynod,followingthe long-establishedcustomofthechurches,and theformoftheancientrule13,reportedto thisApostolicSeethosedangersespecially whicharoseinmattersoffaith,thatthere chieflythelossesoffaithmightberepaired wherethefaithcannotfail.AndtheRoman
Pontiffs,accordingtotheexigenciesoftimes andcircumstances,sometimesassembling oecumenicalCouncils,erinquiringintothe mindoftheChurchscatteredthroughout theworld,sometimesbyparticular Synods,sometimesusingtheotherhelps suppliedbyDivineProvidence,definedthat thosedoctrinesweretobeheld,which,with thehelpofGod,theyhadfoundtobeconformabletothesacredScripturesand ApostolicTraditions.FortheHolySpirit wasnotpromisedtothesuccessorsofPeter thatbyHisrevelationtheymightproclaim anynewdoctrine,butthatwithHisassistance theymigfitscrupulouslykeependfaithfullyexpoundtherevelationdeliveredthrough theApostles,thatis,thedepositoftheFaith. Andindeedallthe'venerableFathershave embracedandtheholyorthodoxDoctorshave reverentlyfollowedtheirapostolicdoctrine knowingmostfullythatthisseeofholy Peterremainseverfreefromallblemishof erroraccordingtothedivinepromiseofthe LordourSaviourmadetothePrinceofHis disciplesIhaveprayedfortheethatthy faithfailnot,andthou,atlengthconverted, confirmthybrethren.
Thisgift,then,oftruthandnever-failing faithwasconferredbyHeavenuponPeter andhissuccessorsInthisChair,thatthey mightperformtheirhighofficeforthesalvationofall;thatthewholeflockofChrist, turnedawaybythemfromthepoisonousfoodoferror,mightbenourishedwiththe foodofheavenlydoctrinethattheoccasion ofschismbeingremovedthewholeChurch mightbekeptone,and,restingonitsfoundation,mightstandfirmagainstthegatesof hell.
Butsinceinthisveryage,inwhich thesalutaryefficacyoftheApostolicoffice ismorethaneverrequired,notafeware foundwhocarpatitsauthority,wejudge italtogethernecessarysolemnlytoassertthe prerogativewhichtheonly-begottenSonof Godhasvouchsafedtojoinwiththesupreme pastoraloffice.
Therefore,faithfullyadheringtothe traditionreceivedfromthebeginningofthe Christianfaith,forthegloryofGodour Saviour,theexaltationoftheCatholic religion,andthesalvationoftheChristian people,withapprobationoftheSacred Council,weteachanddefineittobeadogma divinelyrevealedthatwhentheRoman Pontiffspeaksexcathedritthatis,whenin dischargeoftheofficeofPastorandTeacher ofallChristians,byvirtueofhissupreme Apostolicauthorityhedefinesthatadoctrine regardingfaithorntoralsistobeheldby theUniversal:.'hurch,heenjoys,bythe divineassistancepromisedtohiminBlessed Peter,thatinfallibilitywithwhichthedivine RedeemerwilledHisChurchtobeendowed indefiningadoctrineregardingfaithor moralsandthatthereforesuchdefinitions oftheRomanPontiffareirrefortnahleof themselves,andnotfromtheconsentofthe Church.
Butifanyone-whichmayGodavertpresumetocontradictthisourdefinition lethintheanathema.
1.S.LeoM.norm.iv.(al.iii.)cap2.indiem Natalbtsui. ILJoan.i.42. 3.\ath.xvi.16.19, 4,loan.Xi.15-I; 5.'f.EithesinieoneiliiAct.111
6S.LeoM.SennaIll.L.II.cap.3. S.IrenAdv.litterI..III.,3.,etConc.Aquilei
a:51.int,.1.el,i,sAmbros.Ep.XI.
S.Fp.adUtilise.Alexandrin.I,VIII.epXXX. It.l'iiIT.VI.Breve,Supersoliditate,d.28.Nov. 1706. In.Coneil,(denim.L.it.
11.F.p.NieolaiadMiehaelemImperatorem,
12.ExnornulaS.llorutisdaePaps,proutab Hadriano11.PatribusConciliirecumenici Constatitinopolit.iI%".,propositaetabllsitemsubSeripiaest. 13.Cf.S.Bern.Epis.CXC. itIontblv*Ulm.
^^^^ ^ ^
Trie,Juana:E.-TheJubileeproclaimed by11111'Must.holyFather,PiusIX..WaS commencedintheCathedralChurch,Perth, (etSunday.theNthMay.HisLordshipthe 1;i:liopexplained:ithighMassthecomfitions tieeessaryt,,befaltillts1inordertogainthe Johilt,,and.amongothermeans,mentioned thatIronthatSunday.andfourteenafterwards.therewouldiceapublicprocession aroundtheChurch,duringwhicheitherthe LitanyoftheSaintsorthatoftheBlessed Virginwouldbesung,and,attheconclusion, thefollowingprayerwouldbesaid 0ETKaNal,tlonFatherofMercies,we mostMouldybeseechThee,throughthe meritsofThyonlySon,ourLordJESUS Christ,theinterettssionofhisImmaculate Moller.theBlessedVirginMARY,ofour Holy'Patron,Sr.JosEpH,andofallthe tkavettlycourt,toprosperandexaltthe wholecalladieChurchandtheApostolicSee, GiveherSaintsforherl'astors,enlighten themwithallHeavenlyWisdom,andmake themallaccordingtoThyownHeart.Give Thygraceandblessing,toalltheClergyand rcligiuuscommunities,andsendthemthat HeavenlyFire,whichThySoncametocast ontheEarth,andwhichliesoearnestly desiredshouldbeenkindledextirpateall heresiesconvertallthosewhoareinerror dispeltheirdarknessbyThyHeavenlylight, andletthemseehowtheyhavebeenmisled bymisapprehensionsandmisrepresentations givepeaceanduniontoalltheChristian peoplepreserveanddirectourMostHoly FatherthePope,andgranthimallthose gracesandfavoursforwhichherequestsus toprayintheJubileeandtousgraceand holyperseverance,thatwemayobtainlife everlasting.Amen.
Thosewhoattendedtheprocessionforthe fifteenSundaysconsecutively,andreceived HolyCommunionwithproperdispositions,wouldgaintheJubilee.OnthatSunday, andeverySundaysince,hundredsofthe CatholicsofPerthharejoinedinthepro-
cession,humblyimploringtheDivineMercy.
Toawakenthepeopletoasenseoftheir sinfulness,andtocallthemfromtheirevil ways,theVeryRev.M.Gibney,andtheRev. FatherO'Reily,ofFremantle,preached SermonsintheCathedral,alternately,for fifteendays.Theresultoftheirlabors,was, thattheCongregationdailyincreasedin numbers,anditwasremarkablethatmore approachedtheHolyCommunionduringthat time,thanatanyformerperiod.Daily, sincethepromulgationoftheJubilee,devout peoplearetobeseenaroundtheCathedral endeavoringtodotheirutmosttogainthe Jubilee.Godwillnotturnadeafeartothe prayerofacontriteheart,norwillhefailto listentotheprayersofaunitedpeople.
THEMONTHOFMARY.-TheCathedral Church,beingtinderthetitleoftheImmaculateConception,"thedevotionsofthe MonthofMarywereconductedwithconsiderableattractions.Duringthemonththe attendanceoftheCongregationsatthe eveningdevotionswasmostnumerous.
JUBILEESERMONS.-Wearepleasedto announcethattheVeryRev.M.Gibneyand FatherO'ReilyhavebeendirectedbyHis LordshiptheBishopSc)visittheprincipal ChurchesoftheColonyduringH14..14040,4. time,toassistthelocalclergy,andtogive everyfacilitytothefaithfultocomplywith theconditionsrequiredtogaintheindulgenceoftheJubilee.Theypurposestaying afortnightateachplace.
THEQUARANT'ORE.-Thefortyhours' adorationoftheBlessedSamintent.aswas announcedonSundaylast,commencedtill Friday.the',oastoftheSaciedHeartof Jesus,intheCathedralChurch.at7a.m. Itwillterminate011sandayevening.after Vespers,whenthefortyhours'expositionwill havebeencompleted.Thedioces4.isdedicatedtotheSacredHeartwhichhas lovedmensomuchthatithasspared nothing,eventotheexhaustingandconsumingitself.totestifyits14,4..-NVeare happyto!alivethatthefaithful_icetestimonyoftretainoflove.")laytheSacred HeartofJesusbeeverywhere
Mits.Iroaitissin-.-In.mothercolumnwill befoundrecordedthedeathof,n4whose losswillbemourned,andecho:..memorywill becherished.farantiwide.beyondthecircle ofhercreasedfamilyandpi.rsonalfriends.
Mrs.M.111orrissey,ofMountErin,hasbeen calledtoherrest,afteralengaielpainful andif.indeed.charityrotesIt multitudeofsins,thenmusttheelo,ofa lifespentinitspracticalExt.ivi,..haccKeen peace.Mrs.Morrisseyasnot.perhaps, extensivelyknownoutsidetiletii,trictin whirl)shelivedbuttic(mewhohasiisited thefarNerd:washerreptitiolennoatto-it.r,tatielishospitalityandunboundedliberality unknown.'114esick the114,4.41ywayfarer. therudenomadoftheNorthernbush,these werethespecialobjectsofherbounty.and these,andsuchasthese.willmostmissher kindlyministrationsandretaintheminmost g,ratetulremembrance. Agood.11,1111, 11111,J,Illfg.111111characteristicallyhospitable IrisliNvonianhasbeentakenfromourmidst, awlfew,indeed,ofthemanyvv114,knewher, butwilljoinusinler\4.litlyandteerently saying-.11agsherestinlance.
THEPENSIONERS'BARRACK'SSCHOOL.-
Therearemattersinconnectionwiththis SchoolandtheHun.theCommandantwhich wepurposelayingbeforeourreadersinour nextnumber.withaviewofinducingthe Governmenttotakeactioninthematter.A Pensioner,fornotobeyinganorderissued bytheCommandantinreferencetothe liariacksSchool,notunderhisjurisdiction. wassentencedbyaCourt:Martial10two 111011111'Simprisonment.andthewife,,fthe l'em-ionerin.pan-tionreceivedan(interon Friday.the21stNay.toquittheBarracks andfailingtoobtainaccemodauion.was.en Sunday,-maikthe(lay-tinnedout.about 2p.m.,byorderoftheCommandant,into theStreets l'anauthoritynotover-reach itself
a
HARBORWORKS.-Ourreadersthroughout theColonyWillbegladtolearnthatHis ExcellencytheGovernorhasbeenpleasedto sanctiontheplanofHarborWorksproposed byMr.Browne.andthatabeginningwas actuallymadeonthe1stJune
TIIEPUBLICHEALTH.-Weregretvery muchtoreportthatintheEasternDistricts, aswellasinPerthandFremantle,feverhas beenveryprevalent.anditisoursailduty torecord,anunusuallylargenumberof deaths,principallyfromthecausestated.
THESTANDARDGOLDMININGCOMPANY.-Wearepleasedtolearnthatthe worksofthisCompanyarebeingprosecuted vigorously,andthatsanguinehopesofthe successoftheCompanyarenowentertained.
THEQUEEN'SBIRTHDAY.-HerMajesty's Birthdaywascelebratedrightloyallyinthe City.TheBanks,PublicOffices,andhouses businesswereallclosedonthatday.There wasalsoareviewofthePensionerand VolunteerForcesontheCricketground.
FOREIGNMAILS,ETC.-MailsforGreat Britain,theEasternColonies.&c.,fortransmissiontoKingGeorge'sSoundpers.s. Georgette,willbeclosedasunder:-June 11,atGeraldton,at4p.m.June14,at Perth,at11a.m.,atFremantle,at2p.m. June15,atBanbury,at9a.m.,atBusselton, at2p.m.MailsforAlbanyandtheintermediatepost-townswillcloseat11a.m., June15.
THEFIRSTOFJUNE.-Tuesdaylastbeingthe46thanniversaryoftheFoundationofthe Colony,thedaywasobservedasholidayby ourbusinesscitizens,andtheVolunteers markeditbyfiringfortheSilverCuppresentedbyHisExcellencyGovernorRobinson.TheprosperousconditionofWestern Australiamustbeasourceofgratification toeveryColonist,andeverything,beyond question,portendsabrightfutureforthis portionofAustralia.Letourwatchwordbe -AdvanceAustralia.
THE"RECORD."-Thegoodopinionin whichweareheldbypeopleinotherlands, isflatteringlytoldinthisextractfromaletter receivedfromNewZealand Ireceived yournote,togetherwiththenewspaper, ("TheWestAustralianCatholicRecord") andIwaspleasedtofindthat,though NVesternAustraliaisoutofthewayofthe civilizedworld,yet.ithastiodandHisHoly ('lunchinitsmidst. IWaS,particularly wrackwiththef..elthat herethetit,tIt) publishedthe Elityclicalletterpe,mulgatingtheJubilee."
TOCoRRESPONDENTS.-Wearecompelled to011111seVeralC0111111111111,11ion,receikedfor thisissue.The'II. Twos"isnot deser%mgofsuchpnaninentnoticeas Scruntior's-eononentswouldgiveit.On Catholietopicsitisvileintheextreme.As .tLi-weekly-itisthedullestofprotluctions.
IRISHCELEBRITIES.Ourreaderswill observethatwerecanttodaythedeathofno less1111111 threecelebratedIrishmen-Sin Joltstest'.JouNITCIIELL,andJOHN MARTIN.,(1.1Wywereoneandalldevotedto thefurtheraiteeofIreland'spoliticalfreedom, andhercommercialplospetivy.Theirplaces cannotlieeasilyfilledinbehind.andtheir deathswillbedeploredbyIrishmeninevery partoftheworld. - - - --
SUMMARY 77IEGElemAN 1ERSECI:1101,.
TheDukeofNorfolk,Presidentof theCatholicUnionofgreat senttotheLondonTimesofJan.15, thefollowingextractfromaletter writtenin(;erniany. Ivy'it,briefsummaryoffactsitenahlesustorealize li9wmercilessisthepersecutionofthe CatholicChurchinttheGermanEmpire. TheDukeofNorfolk,whilewithinWing thenameofthewriter,vouchesforlals respectabilityandtheauthenticityof theletter:-
December3u,is;I. Youwill,Ihope,kindlyexcusemefor keepingyouwaitingsuet'alongtimeforan answertoyourquestion.litthebegitimag IhadnotalltheinformationathandI wanted,hutnow1amtoohappytocomply withyourwishesbyputtingyouinpussesionofthefollowingfacts FiveBishopshavebeenimprisonedtheArchbishopofPosen(3rdFebruary), theArchbishopofCologne(inMarch),the BishopofTreves(inMarch),theBishop CoadjutorofPosen,andtheBishopofPaderborn.TheArchbishopofColognehasbeen releasedabouttwomonthsago,butwillhave togointoprisonagaininashorttime.
2.Fineshavebeenimposeduponallthe above-namedBishops,anduponthe13ishops ofMunster,HildersheineBreslau,Cults, Erniland,Limburg-i.e.,alltheBishopsof Prussia,excepttheBishopofOsnabruck. TheSeeofFuldaisvacant.Domesticvisits fromthepoliceertheofficerswhosoldtheir furniturehavebeenreceivedbythoseof Cologne,Treves,Munster,Hildersheine Breslau,Calm,Posen,andLimburg.
2.Howmanyprieststhereareinprisonat thisdateIcannotsaybutuptothe3rd ofDecember-sincethebeginningofthe FalckLanes-1,400priestsofPrussiahave eitherbeensenttoprisonorfinedonaccount oftheselaws;about100havebeendriven outoftheircountry,orseveralcountieshave beenforbiddenforthem;andsomefewwho persistedinreturningtotheirflocksafter theyhadbeendrivenbythepoliceoverthe frontier,havebeenbanishedtotheIsleof Rugen.Inmostoftheprisonstheyare treateddecently,justlikethepolitical prisoners,butinsomeplaces-torinstance atDusseldorfandCleve-theywerekeptib thesanteroomwithcriminals,andtreated" liketheminamannerofwhichnoGerman Catholicpaperdarestogiveadescription, asthiswouldmakethesituationofthepoor priestsstillworse.ButinthePrussian ChamberofDeputies,whichwillbegininthe middleofnextmonth,theCatholicmembers aregoingtolaythedetailsbeforetheHouse andtheastonishedcountry.
4.Nottheheadmagistrateofeachtown, buttheCountyCourts,havepowertopunish apriestactingaccoruingtohisconscience againsttheinfamouslaws.Buthowdifferentlytheyjudgeyoumayseefromthis fact.TheBishopofPaderbornordereda Pastoraltoberead,whichtreatedamong otherpoints,ofthebehaviouroftheOld Catholics.NowallthosepriestsofIris diocesewhohavereadithavebeensummoned beforethecourts;somehavebeensentfor thishorriblecrimetothefortress(Festung) forfourweeks,someforthree,two,andone week,someforonlyoneday;somehave beendischarged. 5.Thenumberofpriestswhohavebeen "gesperrt"isaboutthesameasthatofthose
whohavebeenimprisonedortinedIntine diocesewithwhichIamwellacquaintid, only16priestshavebeen"gesperrt,"but17 healpriestswhohavediedhave,asyet,no successors,astheywouldhe"gesperrt"ut once.Apriestwhois"gespertt"isnot allowedtosayMassortoperformanykind ofsacerdotalfunctions,andhastoleavehis countryifhedoesso,tillthesentenceofthe courthasbeendecidedupon.
6.Ofcourseitisn't'ethatprivatehouses ofthelaityareliabletothevisitsofthe police,andtheirdrawerstobesearched.In Prussia,myhouseisnotmycastlethe Stateisomnipotent,andhas.therefore, powerovermyhouse.
7.Idonotknowhowmanyinstancesthere areofgentlemenbeingputintoprisonfor speakingaccordingtotheirconsciences,but certainitisthattherearemorethantheone knowntoyou.Itisnotpossibletosayorto writeanythingdispleasingtoBismarck withoutbeingcalledbeforetheCourt.Ott the16thofDecember,amemberofthe GermanParliament,aJewandaDemocrat. HerrSonnealann,ofFrankfort,tookallby surprisebysayinginthepresence of Bismarckthathe(Bismarck)limitwithina shorttimeorderednotlessthan784poisons tobesummonedbeforethesludgetobepunishedforhavingoffendedhim,chieflyin Catholicnewspapersafewdaysagohe summonedapoorneedlewoman(Nathern) forsomeincautiousword,althoughshehad Leggedpardouinalettertohim.Andyou havenoideahowmanythingsheconsiders offencesagainsthisperson.Forinstance,a JewishpaperofVienna,theNeuefreie Presse,hat'saidthatBismarckhadkept backsomelettersoftheAustrianImperial FamilytoQueenAgustus,ofPrussia,in 1866,whichcouldhaveavoidedthewin. betweenPrussiaandAustriaThisstatementwascitedbyaCatholicpaperofPrussia, togetherwiththeremark"itcouldnotbe believed,"andBismarcksummonedthe Prussianeditorwhowasimprisonedfor threemonths.
placewemustconcludethat,although theCoverementofGermanyhasat 'peseta,powertoputCatholicbishops andpriestsinprison,theCatholicshave achancetolaytheirgrievancesbefore thenationandtherebyensuretheir removalintime.NotasingleCatholic inGermanyisdisfranehisedbecauseof hisreligion,andthereisnoofficeinthe StatewhichaCatholicmaynothold Isthis"themostbitterPersecution sincethedaysofJuliantheApostate?"
11itsallrespecttoBishopUllathornewethinknot.
AsBishopUllathorneisaCatholic EnglishmanweshallletoneofhisProtestantfellow-countrymentellhimwhat reallywastheniostbitterpersecution sincethedaysofJulian.TheItev.
SydneySmith,inanarticleon "Catholics,"publishedinthe&Raid',ghRethw,in1508,thusdescribes thestateofIrelandlessthan200years agoforthecenturyfollowingthe reatyofLimerick:-
hisknowledgerespectingPopishpriests, celebrationofMass,orPapistschools.ImprisonmentforayearifIlerefusesto answer.-Nobodycanholdpropertyintrust foraCatholic.-Juriesinalltrialsgrowing outofthesestatutes,tobeProtestants.-No Papisttotakemorethantwoapprentices, exceptinthelinentrade.-AlltheCatholic clergytogiveintheirnamesandplacesof abodeatthequarter-sessions,andtokeepno curates.-Catholicsnottoserveongrand juries.-Inanytrialuponstatutesfor strengtheningtheProtestantinterest,a Papistjurormaybeperemptorilychallenged. InthenextreignPopishhorseswere attackedandallowedtobeseizedforthe militia.-Papistscannoteitherbehighor pettyconstables.-NoPapistsellvoteatelections.-PapistsintownstoprovideProtestantwatchmen-andnottovoteatvestries. InthereignofGeorgeII.,Papistswere prohibitedfrombeingbarristers.Barristers andsolicitorsmarryingPapists,considered tobePapists,andsubjectedtoallpenalties assuch.PersonsroAedbyprivateers, duringawarwithaPopishprince,tobe indemnifiedbygrandjurypresentments,and themoneytobeletie,1nCathithe,only.No PapisttomarryaProtestant.;-anypriest celebratingsuchamassagetobehanged. Duringallthistimetherewasnotthe slightestrebellioninIreland.
9')(ThereviverofGothicarchitecture throughouttheworld,andnotablyin England,WelbyPugin,livedanddied aCatholic.Hedesignedthedecorative portionoftheHousesofParliament, London.
10X.'fbegrandfrescointheHouseof Lords,London,of"Mosescomingdown fromtheMount,"waspaintedbyMr. Herbert,R.A.,aCatholic.
11.'ThesisterofEarlGranville,late EnglishMinisterofForeignAffairs,is aconverttoCatholicity,andawellknownCatholicwriter-LadyGeorgiana Fullarton,authoressof"LadyBird," "GrantleyManor,"&c.SoisLady Herbert,motheroftheEarlofPembroke.ThebrotheroftheDukeof Manchester,LordRobertMontague, haslatelybecomeaCatholic;sohas LordMountstewartandEarlDenbigh.
13P1r.Gladstone'ssisterisamost zealousCatholic.)..SirStaffordNorthcote'sbrotherisPresidentofOseott College,foundedbyCardinalWiseman.
8.Ilastlymustcallyourattentiontoone 4 factnetknowninEngland. baseoften seenitstatedinEnglishnewspapersthat theCathidieBishopsandpriests;irepail bytheGoverment. ISnotItile.In SO:I,thePrussianstookawaytheproperty oftheCatholicchurches,monastcries, convents,etc.,andtheHolySeeagreed afterward.,tothesecularizationonthe conditionthattheGovernmentshouldpaya certainamountper311111101totheBishops andChapters,andthatbeforetheyear1830 theyshouldgiveforests,there,ennesof blebslip11,1 beequaltothatanemia. Now,thelastconditionhasnevertweefulfilledbythePrussianGovernment,andwhat theypayisnothinglikeasmuchastie amountofrevenuesofthesecularizedChurch propertytheyreceivedintheyearso3. Moreover.atpresentthoserevenueshave morethandoubled.Thus,forinstance, theytook&en)achurchandmelee:trypropertyworthatthatlime£1,050ayear, blobnowproducesatleast£2;ionper 111100311;hilttheamountoftheirannual paymentsince1s03furthesustentationof theChurch,andforpriests,sacristans,&c., isalittlemorethan£150altogether.But, onthewhole,therearefewpriestswhoare paidevensuchtriflingsumsbytheGovernmentafterhardtrials,antinotelse,on accountofthesecularizedpropertyoftheir benefices. Thousandsandthousandsof CatholicpriestsinPrussiadonotreceivea farthingfromtheGovernment;neverthelesstheymustobeytheFaleklaws,other-, wisetheywillbe"gevperrt,"fined,imprisoned andbanished.Suchisthestateofthingsin thiscountry.
ANENGLISHBISHOP'SMISTAKE.
'flueRightBev.Dr.Ullathorne, CatholicBishopofBirmingham,hareceiodyissuedapastoraliuanswerto Mr.Gladstone.inwhichhefallsintoa mistake-perhapsLaturaltoanEnglishman,butnonethelessrentalhable.
InhispastoralDr.Ullathmnespeaks oftheGermanChurchlaws,andsays thattheGermanCatholicaresuffering from"themostbitterandtwelenting persecutionthathasbeenseensinceth, daysofJuliantheApostate."Such statementcouldnotgetintothepastoral ofanykindbutanEnglishhihop
TheGermanpersecutionisbailenough, buttletuslookatitcomparatively.
"ThewarcarriedoninIrelandagainst KingWilliamcannotdeservethenameofa rebellion-itwasastrugglefortheirlawful Prince,whomtheyhadsworntomaintain andwhosezealfortheCatholicreligion, whatevereffectitmighthaveproducedin Eneland,couldnotbythembecosideredas acrime.Thewarwasterminatedbythe surrenderofLimerick,uponconditionsby whichthelatholieshoped,andveryrationally Loped,tosecuretothemselvesthefreeenjoymentoftheirreligioninfutureandan exemptionforallthosecivilpenaltiesand incapacitieswhichthereigningcreedisso fondofheapinguponitssubjugatedrivals Bythesariousarticlesofthistreatythey aretoenjoysuchprivilegesintheexerciseof theirreligionastheydidenjoyinthetime ofCharlesII.;andtheKingpromisesupon thewestingofParliament,"toendeavorto procureforthemsuchfurthersecurityinthat particular,asmaypreservethemfromany disturbanceonaccountoftheirsaidreligion." Theyaretoherestoredtotheirestates, privilegesandimmunities,astheyenjoyed theminthe'anteofCharlesII.Thegentlemenaretobeallowedtocarryarms;andno otheroathistohetenderedtotheCatholics whosubmittoKingWilliam,thantheoath ofallegiance.Theseandotherarticles,King Widiomratifiesforhimself,hisheirsand surressors,asfarasinhimliesandconfirms thesame,andeveryotherclauseandmatter thermcontained.
ThesearticlesweresignedbytheEnglish generalonthe3rdofOctober,1691,and ditrusts!eonfort,confidence,andtranquility amongtheCatholics.Onthe22ndOctober, theEnglishParliamentexcludedCatholics fromtheIrishHouseofLordsandCommons, bycompellingthemtotaketheoathsof supremacybeforeadmission.
In1695,theCatholicsweredeprivedofall meansofeducatingtheirchildren,athome orabroad,andoftheprivilegeofbecoming guardianstetheirownorotherpersons' children.'nonalltheCatholicsweredisarmed-andthenallthepriestsbanished.
Afterthis(probablybywayofjoke),anact waspassedtoconfirmtheTreatyofLimerick -thegreatandgloriousKingWilliamtotally forgettingthecontracthehadenteredinto, ofrecommendingthereligiouslibertiesofthe CatholicstotheattentionofParliament.
In1715and1745,whileScotlandandthe northofEnglandwereupinarms,notaman stirredinIreland;yetthespiritofpersecutionagainsttheCatholicscontinuedtill the18thofhispresentMajestyandthen graduallygavewaytotheincreaseofknowledge,thehumanityofourSovereign,the abilitiesofMr.Grattan,theweaknessof EnglandstrugglinginAmerica,andthe dreadinspiredbytheFrenchRevolution. Suchistherapidoutlineofacodeoflaws whichreflectsindellibledisgraceuponthe Englishcharacter,andexplainsbuttoo clearlythecauseofthathatredinwhichthe EnglishnamehasbeensolongheldinIreland. Itwouldrequirecenturiestoeffacesuchan impressionandyet,whenwefinditfresh, andoperatingattheendofafewyears,we explainthefailbyeverycausewhichcan degradetheIrish,andbymimicwhichcan remindusofourownscandalouspolicy."
Itappearstoitstherewasnoneedfor BishopUllathornetogosofarbackas thedaysofJuliantheApostateforan eraofpersecution.Surelythisterrible recitalofIrishsuffering-whicha Protestantministerdenounced,-might alsodoforaCatholicbishop.
Whenwethinkofthesethingswe cannothelpbeingproudofourpeople -asCatholicsandIrishman.l'ut suchapressureontheCatholicsof Germany,andkeepitonfora100 yearstherewouldhemightyfew Catholicsfoundalivewhenthelidwas lifted.
Whenweremeniherthewayin whichtheCatholicsofEnglandgave uptheirreligion,itappearstousthat Englishbishopsofthepresentday shouldhaveaprofoundrespectforpoor Ireland.Butthen--Englishmenare wisetoavoidreadingthehistoryof theirconqueredcountries.
FACTSNOTGENERALLY KNOWN.
13.LordActon(formerlySirJohn Acton,(treatedaLordbyGladstone), waseditorandproprietorofthelongdefunctRambler,whichcausedsomuch annoyancetoCardinalWisemanbyits heterodoxtone.lhepresentcontest hassprungoutofGladstone'sfriendship forthisman,whoisastrongDollingerite.ThelatePremierwasverging rapidlytowardsCatholicity,butwas decoyedfrontthestraightpathbyhis free-thinkingprotege.
14.Lotta,theactress,haslately embracedtheCatholicfaith.
15$Mrs.ScottSiddons,thegreat Shakespeiianactress,hasalwaysbeena Catholic.SheisdescendedfromFanny Kemble(Mrs.Siddons),JohnKemble's giftedsister.Bothstoodatthehead oftheirprofession,andbothwere Catholics."(
16.TheVandenhoffsareallCatholics.
17.Mrs.Rousley(thefavoritepersonatorofMaryQueenofScots),isalso aCatholic.
18.Bouccicault,C.F.Burnand, Gilberta'Beckett,thedramatists,are Catholics;sowasShakespeare(presumedly,forhisfatherwasaCatholic,) Shirley,andDryden.
19."BarryCornwall's"gifteddaughter,AdelaideAnneProctor,wasa Catholic.
20.ThecousinsofthepresentEmperorofGermany,viz.,PrinceAnton ofHohenzollern,PrinceLeopold,Prince CharlesofRomania,areallexcellent Catholics.SoaretheKingsofSaxony, Bavaria,andBelgium,anutheEmperor ofAustria.-Advocate.
FACTSTOBEREMEMBERED.
Lastweekwereadareportofoneof thelatestdebatesinthe;erman'cilia titent,imewhichPrinceDistil:irkwasassailedbyaCatholicdeputynameddoerg, whotoldhimtohisteeththathisforei1211 policyandhishomepolicywereruitong theb:nupire;andafterthisspeakercame fogging.,aleaderinthe11011-e,Hen Winsitluirst,whobluntlysaidthatBi-marckwasrunniiigthecountryinis wal'. Unarecentoccasion,whenBisniael; hadmadeavoilentspeechintheHouse, theCathodicineuil.ersweie8oowettereil andfearless,thatoneofthem,anoble manstooduponhisseat,andlookingat Bismarck,cried"Pfui!Pfui!"-an expressionoftheutmostloathingand repulsion-whichwasjoinedinbynearly halfthememberspresent.
Whenweseethesethingstaking
Onthe4thofMarch,1704,itwasenacted -thatanysonofaCatholic,whowouldturn Protestant,shouldsucceedtothefamily estate,whichfromthatmomentcouldno longerbesold,orchargedwithdebtand legacy.Onthesameday,Popishfathers weredebarred,byapenaltyof£500,front tieingguardianstotheirownchildren.If thechild,howeveryoung,declaredhimself aProtestant,hewastobeimmediatelydeliveredtothecustodyofsome Protestantrelation.-NoProtestanttomarry aPapist.-NoPapisttopurchaseland,or takealeaseoflandformorethan31years. Iftheprofitsofthelandsoleasedby theCatletiicsamountedtoaboveacertain ratesettledbytheact-farmtobelongtothe firstProtestantwhomadethediscovery.-No Papisttobeinalineofentailbutthe estatetopassontothenextProtestantheir, asifthePapistweredead.IfaPapistdies intestate,andnoProtestantheircanbe found,propertytobeequallydivided minim;allthesonsor,ifhehasnone,among ailthe'daughters. Bythe16thclauseof thisbill,noPapisttoholdanyoffice,civilor military.-NottodwellinLimerickorGalway,exceptoncertainconditions.-Notto suiteatelections.-Nottoholdadvowsons. In1709,Papistswerepreventedfrom holdinganannuityforlife.Ifany9011of aPapistchosetoturnaProtestant,andenrolthecertificateofhisconversioninthe CourtofChancery,thatcourtisempowered tocompelhisfathertostatethevalueof hispropertyuponoath,andtomakeoutof thatpropertyacompetentallowancetothe son,attheirowndiscretion,notonlyforhis presentmaintenance,butforhisfuture portionafterthedeathofhisfather.An increaseofjointuretobeenjoyedbyPapist wiresupontheirconversion.-Papistskeepingschools,toheprosecutedasconvicts.Popishpriestswhoareconverted,toreceive £30perannum.
Rewardsaregivenbythesameactforthe discoveryofPopishclergy;-.£50fardiscoveringaPopishbishop;-,L20foracommonPopishclergytnan;-£10foraPopish usher Twojusticesofthepeacecan compelanyPapistabove18yearsofageto discloseeveryparticularwhichhascometo
1.EdmundBurke,thegreatestof Englishstatesmenandorators,dieda Catholic.Hiswife(neeNugent)was alwaysaCatholic"c
2XThemotherofVictoria,Queenof England(theDuchessofKent),was receivedintotheChurchonherdeathbedbyaJesuitFather.x
3.Itisallbutmien-.thatHorace GreelydiedaCatholic.
4><Thepure-soiledhumorist,ArtemusWard,wasattendedonhisdeathbedbyCanon13rawne,ofPlymouth, thankstohisCatholicfriend,Mr.licae (ArthurSketchley,ofFunandPunch)
5YSirWalterScottkeptmurmuring beforehisdeath,"StobatMaterDelo rosa,"&c.Hissplendidresidence, Abbotsford,isnowinthepo-sessionof hisson-in-law,aCatholic-thegifted andeloquentHopeScott.
6.)`ThegreatGermanphilosopher, Liehnitz,declaredhimselftobe"a Catholicnotonlyatheart,butalso openly.''ti("PhilosophyofLiterature," byB.A.aluiphyandCo.)
7?(Mostofthegreatmusiccomposers havebeenCatholic-Mozart,Haydn, Clementi,Perigolesi,Beethoven,Carl MariavonWeber,D9nizetti,Bellini, Verdi,Gounod,&c.;xandnearlyall musicalartistsandartistes,suchas SignorFaure,l'atti,Piecolomini,Grisi, Albini,&c.(NilssonandJennyLind aretwosolitary,thoughsplendid exceptions.)
8.Mr.Bellew,theelocutionist,died aCatholiclately;pecuniarilyaruined man,havinglosthislivingbyhis changeofFaith.
Thefollowingwaspublishedon December5,1874,intheCatholic StandardofPhiladelphia.
1.APopeactsinthethreefold capacityofVicarofChristuponearth, BishopoftheparticularSeeofRome, andatemporalsovereignandhis decreesandactsmustbeconsidered accordingly.
2.PopeGanganellisuspendedthe SocietyofJesusinordertosilenceits enemies,andnotbecauseitwasinthe leastworthyofblame.
3.1(anke,aGermanProtestantand ProfessorofHistoryattheUniversity ofBerlin,says,inthefamous"History ofthePopes,"thattheyhavebeenin theirprivatelivesspotlessandunblameable.
4.Nicholas,theCusan,taughtthat theearthmoved,andnotthesun,about onehundredyearsbeforeGalileo,i.e.,in 1431,andwascreatedaCardinalhot. hislearnitig.
Copernicus,apriest,taughtthesame in1500,undertheprotectionofPope Paul111.andtheBishopofErmland.
Galileohadspecialpremissionfrom Rometoteachthesameasamathematicianbutwastoldnottointerfere withthetheologicalquestioninvolved. Hedisobeyed,andwasmildly,butvery properlypunishedforhisdisobedience.
5.TheshorteningoftheLatinword "Joannes"(John)into"Joan,"bya writerinthefifteenthcentury,ledtothe absurdassertionbyReformersthat therewasonceafemalePope!Oneof manylikelies.
6.OneofthePopessuggestedthe buildingoftheSuezCanalseveral centuriesago.
7.Thecalendarwascorrectedby PopeGregory;theGreat.
8.ThePopehadaMassofThanksgivingcelebrated,notfortheNIassacre ofS.Batholomew'sEve,butforthe safetyoftheroyalfamilyofFrance.
AProtestantexaminedalltherecords atthedifferenttownsinFrance,aswell asatParis,andfoundthat750persons sufferedinallFrancethatnight.and not200,000(1)asProtestanthistorians falselyassert.
9.Gunpowderwasinventedbythe monkSchwartz,ofCologne.andRoger Bacon,apriestandmonk;thelatterin thethirteenthcentury.
10.PrintingwasinventedbyGuttenbergorFaustus,bothCatholics,living inCatholictimes.
Engravingwasinventedbythe Catholic,AlbrechtDiirer.
Paperwasalsoinventedby Catholics.
11.Thefirstprintingpresseverset upinEnglandwasplacedinWestminsterAbbeybyWilliemCaxton(died 1492,sameyearinwhichanother Catholic, Columbus, discovered America),underthepatronageofits Abbotandmonks.
ThefollowersofFaustusfledtoItaly, wheretheysetnpthefirstItalianpress undertheprotectionofthePope.
12.ButfortheCatholicChurchand thegoodmonks,Protestantswoulhave noBibleatall.
13.ThefirsttranslationoftheBible intoEnglishwasmadebyAldhelm, BishopofSherhorne.intheseventh century;thesecondbyVenerableBede, intheseventhcentury;thethirdby AlfredtheGreat,intheninthcentury thefourthisthe"DurhamBible,"in theninthcentury;thefifth(nowat Oxford)intheninthcentury;thesixth (nowatS'alisbury),intheninthcentury; Wycliffe'sisdatedinthefourteenth century;theDounyVersion(15s2). sixteenthcentury;KingJames'sVersion (1611),seventeenthcentury.Hence theReformerswerenotthefirsttocirculatetheBible.
14.Underthecruellibertine,Henry VIII.,73,000ofhissill-wetssuffered deathunderthe(laughter,Elizebath, f)(1,000ofherIrishCatholicsubjects wereshippedoffandsoldasslavesin theWestIndiesunder"BloodyMary," thatpoorkindherarted,terriblyslandered(laughterofCatherineofArragon, whoalmostpinchedherselftopayher horriblefather'sdebt(£3,000,000,we believe),therewereexecutedinallsome 300malefactors!!
INDULGEACES.
(ContinuedfromAprilGth.) ButProtestants,puttingasidethese expressexamplesofholyScripture, throwthemselvesforsupport,asthey alwaysdo,ontheirownnotionsandideas. WhatGodsaysordoesisasnothingto themHisthoughtsandHiswaysmust bendtotheirthoughtsandtheirways. Itisasiftheyknew!otterthanGod HimselfwhatisfittingforHimtodo andsotheysaythattopunishmenfor aforgivensinisinconsistentwithhis infiniteloveandmercy.Tosuchan objectionasthis,onefactoughttobea sufficientanswer.Godforgavethesin ofAdamandEve,butHedidnotremit thetemporalpunishmentofthatsindeath.Heremitsoriginalsinintheir descendants,butHestillinflictsthe temporalpunishmentdueuntoit;for"it isappointeduntoallmenoncetodie." Asamatteroffact,then,Goddidand doespunishleenforaforgivensin. .Adarnsinned,waspardoned,andwas afterwardspunishedforthatvery Pardonedsin.Hewasjustified,and yethewaspunished.Hewaseternally forgiven,yettemporallypunished.This factalone,independentlyofanyexpress testimonyfromGod,wouldbeenoughto teachthatwhatGOddidinthecaseof ourfirstparents,andstilldoesinthe matteroforiginalsin,Hedoesalsoin thecaseofallactualsingenerally.He forgivesthesin,yetpunishesthesinner withatemporalpunishment.
NowourGodisaGodofperfectand infinitejustice;Hepunisheseveryman accordingtohisworks,thatis,HeproportionsHispunishmentstothesinsof Hiscreatures.Hehasdifferentdegrees ofpunishmentfordifferentdegreesof sin.Therearethe"fewstripes"and the"many;"thereisthefirethatburns
and.yet"saves;"thereistheprison fromwhichthesuffererescapeswhenhe has"paidthelastfarthing."ThesufferingsofPurgatoryaretemporalsufferings,fortheylastnotforever,but onlyforatime.If,then,thepunishment,orsatisfaction,dueforforgiven sinisnotpaidinthislite,itremainsto bepaidinthenext.
Noristhereanythingin'thisinconsistentwithGod'sinfinitelovetoman. Hisinfiniteloveisshowninthevery factthatHeremitstheeternalpunishmentduetosin,andinflictsonlya temporalpunishment,betweenwhich andtheeternalpunishmentthereisno proportionwhatever.ItisnotthatHe remitsonlyapartofthepunishment duetosinHeremitsthewhole;for temporalpunishmentisnopattofeternal punishment.Eternalpunishmentisdue to(mortal)sinunforgiven;temporal,to sinforgiven.Hewhoarguesfromthis dispensationofGod'sjusticeagainstHis infinitemercy,knowsneitherahatsilt is,norwhateternity,inotherwords, whathellis.
lint,afterall,Goddoesremitthis temporalpunishmenteveninthislife; how,then,canHebesaidtobewanting inlove?Heremitsitinbaptismas wehavesaid,whenitisdue,asinadults, foractualsincommitted.Nordowe denythatheremitsitinsomecasesfor thetrueandperfectcontritionwehave furoursinsButwesaythatordinarily Heremitsitbymeansofthepenitential andothergoodworkswevoluntarily perform,asalsobymeansofthesufferingsandcalamitieswhichweendure ittthismortallifeAndwesaylikewisethattemporalpunishmentis !emittedbyindulgence,whichisthesubjestofthisTract.
But,retortstheProtestant,Christ satisfiedforoursins,andnosatisfaction isdueonourpart.Hesufferedforour sins,andDesuffering,nopunishmentor chastisement,iswantingfromusand thereforenopunishmentremainstobe remitted.Christdidnotsaveusinpart Hemadeafull,perfect,andsufficient satisfactionforthesinsofthewhole world.'Thereisbownocondemnation tothosethatareillChristJesus."
Theansweriseasy.Christhas redeemedus;Hehassatisfiedforus; themeritsof11isPassionareinfinite;the pricethatHepaidinHispreciousBlood issufficient,andmorethansufficient,to remitallthesinsofallmankind,andall thepunishment,eternalandtemporal, whichisduethereto.Butmankindare nuttherebyI/Wielder/Hyjustifiedand saved. '1hisisallowedonallhands. Somethingisnecessaryonourparttle meritsofChrist'sPassionhavetobe appliedtooursouls,andtheconditions wehavementionedarethemeansby whichthisapplicationismade.That baptismremitssinandthepunishment ofsin;thatatrueandperfectcontrition sometimesexemptsthepenitentfrom suchtemporaldtastisementasisordinarilythecons((penceofsin;thatthe slightpenanceiinpossedbythepriestie confessionhaveasacramentaleffectin satisfactionofsin;thatallpenitential andgeedworks,doneinastateofgrace, alsosatietyforsinthisistheeffectof theinfinitemeritsofChrist,andthe perfectsatisfactionwhichhemadefor sinonceforalluponthecross.And fro:ntheseinfinitemeritsandthisperfect satisfactioncomealsothew..olevalue andtheeffectoftheindulgencewhich aregivenbytheChurch.Tosay, therefore,thatindulgencesareneededby thosewhoare"inChrist.Jesus,"and whoareconsequentlyfreefrometernal "condemnation,"astheApostlesays,is nottodenyortodisparagetheinfinite meritsofChrist,hut,tointimateone outofseveralmeansbeaLichthose meritsareappliedforaspecificend.Of course,Goocanapplythemundersuch conditionsandtosuchextentasHe ideasesandtheCatholicdoctrine,thedoctrinewhichhas!ice!'evertaught bytheChurchofGod.-is,thattheinfinitemeritsofChristarenotsoapplied ineverycaseas,togetherwiththesin andeternalpunishment,totakeaway alltemporalpunishmentalso;butthat, totakeawaythetemporalpunishment duetosin,worksofsatisfactionare necessary,indulgenceseffectual.
Thispointhavingbeenmadeclear, wewiitproceedwithintheimmediate subject,inhand.Wehavesaidthatan indulgenceistheremissionofthetem-
porelpunishmentremainingduetosin aftertheguiltofsinhasbeenfatgiven Tieeretorenoonecangainauindulgeise whoisnotinastateofgrace;thatis tosay,whoisnotfreefrommortalsin. Nay,more;noone,ingaininganindulgence,canenjoythebenefitofitin respecttoanyparticularsin,however slightitmaybe,unlessthesinitself hasbeensomehowpreviouslyforgiven; foranindulgenceisnottheremissionof sin,orofanysin.howeversmall,butof thetemporalpunishmentduethereto.
Anindulgence,therefore,properlyso called,isnotthatremissionoftemporal punishmentwhichisgiveninbaptism,' orisgainedbyperformingthesatisfactionwhichispartofthesacramentof penance,orinanyotherway;butitis aboonwhichisbestowedbytheChurch outofthetreasuryofmeritswhichshe possessesbythegiftofChristandby virtueofHispreciousbloodshedding.
Buthere,again,wemustexplainthe termswehaveused,seeingthatthey arecommonlymisunderstoodandmisrepresentedbyProtestants.
First,then,astothistreasuryofmerits possessedbytheChurch.Everypod workwedohasadoublevalueinthe firstplace,itissimplymeritorius,that istosay,wearesomuchthebetter personallyforhavingperformedit,and ourrewardisproportionablygreaterin theworldtocome.Inthesecondplace itissatisfactorythatistosay,itgoes towardspayingthedebtoftemporal punishmentdueforforgivensins. Thisdoublevalueallgoodworkshave throughtheunionwhichsubsists betweenChristandtheChristiansoul.
ButnowtheactionsofChristhimself hadthisdoublevaluealso;andmost certainitis,thatthesatisfactionHe madeallthetimeHewasonearthindefinitelysurpassedthepunishment duetothesinsofallmankindthat satisfactionwas,indeed,infinite,forHe wasnomereman,butfindHints(If incarnate.OneonlydropofHismost preciousBlood-theleastofallHis actions-wassufficienttoredeemten thousandworlds.Andbesidesthe meritsofChrist,therearethemeritsof HisSaints;formanysaintshavedose andsufferedmorethanwasnecessary tosatisfyforthesinsoftheirmosttinily lives."TheBlessedVnyinwasnever stainedwithsin;St.JohntheBaptist wassanctifiedinhismother'swomb. Thegreatnumberofconfessorsand martyrs,ofspotlessvirginsandmortifiedanchorites,whohavepassedtheir wholelivesinprayerandfasting,in weepingandsorrow,indisciplinesand macerationsoftheflesh,haveofferedto Godmuchmoreabundantsatisfaction thantheyowedtoHisdivinejustice." (BouvieronIndulgences.)
Now,theinfiniteandsuperabundant satisfactionofChristueverhasbeen, andneverwillbe,lullyapplied;itis everpresentbeforeGod,andformsan inexhaustiblefundthroughalltimefor thebenefitofthemembersofHis mysticalBody.And,again,asnothing islostwhichisdoneforChristandin Christ,thesatisfactionsofthe'Saints arealsolaidupbeforeGodandall thisfundofsatisfactions,whetherof ChristoroftheSaints,wecallthe treasuryoftheChurch,orthestore fromwhichtheChurchdrawsire grantingindulgences.Youwillobserve, itisnottheirmeritsstrictlyso-culled whicharesuperabundant,andcanbe madeovertoothers,-foralltheworks oftheSaintshavebeenperfectlyrewardedwiththeirproportionatedegree ofglory,-butitisthesails*toryvalue ofthoseworkswhich,beingoverand abovewhatwasrequiredforthemselves isplacedatthedisposaloftheChurch fortheneedsofthefaithful.Itisenot. therefore,thatGodimputest000ne personthegoodworksdonebyanother, andrewardshimforthesanteasifthey hadbeendonebyhimself;butthat thosegoodworks,besidestheirmetitoriousness,haveanotherandase-rstate value,bywhichtheysatisfyforsin alreadyforgiven;andthatvalue,and thatonly,canbeappliedormadeover toanother.Hencetheirrelevanceof suchanobjectionasthatwhichis drawnfromtheparableoftheten virgins,wherethefivewiseoneshave notwherewithaltogivetothefoolish, whoselampshavegoneout.These latterrepresentsoulswhichhavelost thegraceofGod,theoilofcharity;
andwhattheyneedis,notsati-faction toremitthetemporal -lie totheirsins,butgrace,wield i-the conditionofspirituallifeandpersonal holiness.Christaloneisthesourceof graceandholiness;fromHimalone comeswhateverretnissionisbestowed intheSacramentsoftheChurch, whetheritbeofsinorofthepunishment,temporaloreternal,duetosin: itisonlyinthematterofindulgences thatthesatisfactionoftheSaintsareof effect.
Butif,itmayheobjected.themerits ofChristareinfinite,or,inotherwords, ifthesatisfactoryvalueofHisactsand sufferingsisaninfinitevalue,what needcanthereheofthemeritsorsatisfactionoftheSaint?Tsthatwhich isinfinitenothingcanbeadded.We answer,nothingcanheadded,itistrue, inthewayofdirect,ndintrinsicvalue themeritsoftheSaintscannotaddto thevalueofthemeritsofChrist,forin themselvestheyareinfinitelybeyond allprice.But,astheuterusofChrist areapplied,notinfinitely,butin measureandproportion,themerit,of theSaints,bythesovereignwillanddispensationofGod,swellthetreasuryof theChurch,andcausethefundofsatisfactionthereincontainedtobemore ablindantlydispensed. 'Iheirmerits haveaueffectcorrespondingtothe effectoftheirprayersandintercessions. Astheprayersandinterces-ionsofthe :saintsobtainforusgreatergracesand blessingsthanwouldotherwisebe bestoweduponusbyGod,sodotheir meritsorsatisfaetiouspositivelycontributetomakeupalargermeasureof remissionoftemporalpunishmentthan wouldotherwisehegiven.Noristhis anydisparagementtothemeritsof Christ;onthecontrary,itenhances them;forthesatisfactionofthesaints havenovalvewhateverexceetthrough themeritsofChristthroughwhom alonetheyarewhattheyare.Front Himitisthattheirworksandsufferingsderivewhatsuti-fyingforcethey ;andconsequentlyallthegh,e7 thereofbelongstoHen,andisreally andactuallyreferredtoHim.
If'youaskuslieu'onesoulcanmake satisfactienforawelair,wereply simplythatGoalsowillsthatHehas unitedHisFaithfultogether,asinone livinghotly.thattheymaysuccour eachether,andwhatiswattle%toone membermayliesiippliedbyanother andthatthepowertodoIbisflows (remtheHead,whichisChrist.In thisconsiststhe"Communienof Saints."whichisanantideofthe Creed.AllthepodthatisJulieby theinembirsofChrist'sChurchconduce:4totheadvantageofthewhole body;asthelabour,riches,andvirtues ofeachindividualcitizencontributeto thewelfareofthestate.
Butnowastolidstreasuryofmerits possessedbythechurch,and placedatherdisp.salItissobythe expresswortandauthorityofChrist. ToSt.Peterliesail(Matt.xvi19). Iwillgivetotheethekeysofthe kingdomofLeaven.Andwhatsoever thee811111ttieduponcamp,itshalllie houndalsoinheavenatadwhatsoever thoushaltlooseuponearth,itshallbe loosedalsoiiiheaven"Thesame promiseHemadetoalltheepistles together(Matt.swill.18).If,then,as hasbeenshown,temporalpunishment hastobe"loosed"orremitted,aswell aseternalpunishmentandtheguiltof sin,thenintheword"whatsoever"is containedthepowerandauthorityto remitorhoseit.'Thewordsofour BlessedLordaregeneral,andspecify noexception.ToSt.Peterandtothe ChurchinCommunionwithSt.eter, wasgiventhepow.erof!peeingheaven andbreakingallthebondswhichdetain soulsfromearringtherein.Butthe temporalpunishmentdueto8111isa whichpreventsallCultmiceinto heavenaslongasitismirentitted. T'heref'oretotheChurchwa,giventhe power,asofeirgivingsin,soalsoif remittingthetemperalpunishmetitdue tosinalreadyforgiven;inotherwords, ofgrantingindulgences.
(Tobecontinued).
PrintedandpublishedfortheProprietors byTisomasBRYAN,attheCatholic Boys'Orphanage,Subiaco,nearPerth, WestAustralia.