JANUARY11,1876.
No.20.-VoL.II.
MengtatCeanings.
FROMHOME&FOREIGNJOURNALS.
ATERRIBLEACCUSATIONAGAINSTTHE FREEMASONS.
AsevereblowhasbeengiventotheFreemasonsintheUnitedStatesbythepublication oftwolettersfromtheVenerableThurlow Weed,telling,forthefirsttime,thewhole storyofthemurdercommittedbyfive membersofthissect,bytheorderofthe GrandMaster,forty-nineyearsago,inorder topreventthepublicationofthesecretsof thesocietybyamannamedWilliamMorgan. Intheyear1826thismanwhohadpassed throughallthedegreesofMasonry,conceived theideaofpublishingabookdisclosingall thesecretsofthesect.Whathismotivemay havebeenisonlytobeconjectured-itmay havebeenasordidoraloftyone.Mr. Weedwaslivingatthattimeinthetownof Rochester,NewYork,andMorganasked himtobecomethepublisheroftheprojected book.Mr.Weeddeclined,andMorganwent totheadjoiningtownofBatavia,where hearrangedwithanotherpersonforthe publication.Hehadwrittenaportionof thebook,andwasengagedincompletingitwhenhewas arrested uponafalsechargeoflarcenyand conveyedtogaol.hishousewassearched, andhismanuscriptswereseizedand
SUBIACO,TUESDAY,
a "ATIEBIL/NLNACCUSATION."
WereprintfromtheWeeklyRegister aletterfromitsNewYorkcorrespondent, inwhich,ontheauthorityofthevenerable ThurlowWeed,itissaidthatabouthalfa centuryagoaweeeta.,00wasaboutto revealthesecretsofthesectwasdone awaywith.Thefactbeingsomewhat curious,wemaymentionthatinawork entitled"ShipandShore,"bytheRev. WalterColton,oftheUnitedStates'Navy, allusionismadetotheallegedmurder ofMorganinthefollowingterms
"Butitisnotafact,asstated,thatnoone ofthesespectreshasappearedinthedaytime.WhenMorganwasputtodeathon thestrandofNiagaraforhistreachery,and hisbodysunkinthatstream,thereappeared hoveringaroundtheplaceanuncorporeal being,solikehimineverylook,thatnoone questionedtheidentityordoubtedthetragic deed.Thediscoveryfilledeverybodywith consternation;andthewholelandshook likethebonesofaskeletonunderagalvanic battery.Thousandsnotonlyabjured masonry,butrenouncedtheirpoliticalfaith. Imademyselfapalpitatingpilgrimageto Niagara.Ay--andInevershallforgetthat visionI" destroyed.Afterhehadbeenconfinedin Thegaolforafewdays-theSheriffand officersoftheprisonbeingMasons-hewas secretlytakenoutonenightandconveyed inacloselycoveredcarriagetoFortNiagara. Illscaptorshadconveyedhimtothispoint intheexpectationthattheirbrotherMasons ofCanadawouldaidthemindisposingof him.Hismurderwasnotthencontemplated;butitwashopedthattheCanadian Masonswouldtakechargeofhimandsend himtoendhisdaysamongoneoftheIndian tribesinthenorth-westofCanada.Placing theirprisonerinFortNiagara,hiscaptors crossedtheriverintoCanadatoattendthe meetingofalodgethere;buttheCanadian .Masons,aftermuchdeliberation,refusedto becomepartiestothebusiness.TheAmericanMasonsreturnedtoFortNiagara,anda fewdaysafterwardsalargenumberofmen highintheOrderassemblednearthereto openan"EncampmentofKnights-Templars." Atnighttheydinedtogether;and,after dinner"thechaplaingaveasentimentso significantthatallthoughtswereturned towardsFortNiagara."The"sentiment' was,infact,"deathtoalltraitors;"and immediatelyafterwardsoneofthecompany, ColonelKing,arosefromthetableandcalled fouroftheotherstoaccompanyhim.These wereWhitney,astonemason;Chubbuck,a farmerGarside,abutcher;andHoward, bookbinder.TheywereallsaysMr.Weed, "menofcorrecthabitsandgoodcharacter, andall,Idoubtnot,weremovedbyan enthusiasticbutmostmisguidedsenseof duty."Kingtoldthemthat"hehadan orderfromtheGrandMastertheexecution ofwhichrequiredtheirassistance,"andthey repliedtheywouldobeyit.Thefive murderersthenweredriveninacarriageto thefortwereMorganwasconfined.Itwas justmidnight.Theytoldthedoomedman thathisfriendshadcompletedtheirarrangementsforhisremovaltoCanada,wherehls lifewouldbesafe.Heconsentedtogowith them,andtheywalkedtothewharf,where aboaswaswaitingforthem.Thisthey entered,androwedawayinthedarkness. Whentheboatreachedthepointwherethe NiagaraRiveremptiesintoLakeOntario, themurderersthrewoffallpretence,and, withsomehorriblemummeries,theyordered Morgantopreparefordeath.Theywound aropearoundhim,attachingtoeachend ofitaheavyweight,andtheythenthrew himoverboard.liesanklikeastone,and themurderersreturnedtotelltheircomrades thatthetraitormetatraitor'sdoom.One ofthemurderers,Whitney,toldallthese particularstoMr.Weed,afewmonths afterwards-butitisonlynow,whenallthe criminalsaredead,thathemakesthefacts public.ThebodyofMorganwasfounda yearafterwards,identifiedbyhiswifeand friends,andburiedandalthoughthe Masonstriedtodisputetheidentification, theireffortswere*futile.Noneofthe murderers,however,wereeverbroughtto justice.Thefactsofthecaseremained envelopedinmuchmystery,andMr.Weed tellsthemnowonlybecausetheycandono harmtoanyone,excepttotheinfernalsect itself.-WeeklyRegister'sNewYorkOwsespoesdoet.
Therewalkso'erdeepNiagara'swave
Aghost,whoseformbathfoundagrave, Deepinthosewhelmingtides Itsfeatheredfootstepsscarcelyseem Tobendthesurfaceofthestream, O'erwhichthisphantomglides. Arounditthereiscastashroud, Thatseemsmorelikeafoldingcloud, Thanaughtthatmortalswear Itsdowncasteye,itsfadedcheek. Itspaleandtremblinglipsbespeak Aspiritofdespair. Itmoansahoarseandhollowwail, Thatmingleswiththegustygale, Andwiththerumblingflood; Itpointstowardthecrimsonedshore, Andshrieks,asifitfeltoncemore Theknifethatdrankitsblood. Itswailisechoedwildandwide, Fromrock,andsteep,andboundingtide, Aroundthathauntedcoast Andfearfulmothers,trembling,tell TheirlittleoneshowMorganfell, Andofthiswanderingghost, Alongthatfatalshoreisheard Nomorethesongofmerrybird, Orthesoendofhunter'shorn
Thefaithfulwatch-dogseemsafraid Ofeverysoundthatstirstheshade, Andbaystillpeepofmorn.
Nomorecansun,norlunarbeam, Erectarainbowo'erthatstream, Fromwhichthefishhavefled Buttherealittlecloudappears, Andshedsitsunregardedtears, Likeonewhoweepsthedead.
-Advocate.
MBGLADSToNEANDNOPOPERY.
MR.Gladstoneisclearlyundertheinfluence ofthatmaddeningNo-Poperyvirusbywhich oftenbeforenowothermenofmark,though seldomofsucheminentdistinction,havebeen halfdemented.Thereisobviouslynomore useinattemptingtoreasonwithhimthan therewouldbeinattemptingtoreasonwith anIndianrunninga-muck.Theex-Premier's Essayon"TheVaticanDecrees,"on "Vaticanism,"andonthe"Speechesofthe Pope,"hehascarefullycollectedtogether andpublishedthroughthehandsofAir. Murrayintheformofatemptingoctavo.To thisvolumehehasprefixedaPreface,the purportofwhichmightbethemostdirectly expressedbysayingthatinithedeliberately, nailshiscolourstothemastasarabidNoPoperycontroversialist.Aswheninwriting throughthedecorous,nottosaycourtly pagesoftheQuarterly,hedidnotdeemit unbecoming-eitherhimself,asadignified statesmatt,orthesubjectofhisremarks,as certainlythemostvenerablepersonagein Christendom-toemploysuchmiserable phrasesas"Infallibilityromps,"sonowin clubbingtogetherhisthreelatestcontributionstotheperiodicals,andissuingthem anewfromthepressasasubstantialvolume, heshrinksnotfromaffixingtoitatitlewhich isatonceagibeandaninsulttobyfarthe largestportionofChristendom."Romeand theNewestFashionsinReligion"isthetitle hehasthusaffixedtohisonslaught.Inthe courseofhisPrefacetheRightHon.gentlemantalksloudlyenoughofaconspiracymeaningaconspiracyonthepartofthose whoarespokenofnow-a-daysasUltramontanes.Iledeliberatelyaccusesthemof adesign"todisturbcivilsociety,andto proceed,whenitmayberequisiteand practicable,totheissueofbloodforthe accomplishmentofitsaims."MrGladstone evidentlybelievesinthisconspiracyandin thisdesignofamostsanguinarycharacter. ThereisnothingthataNo-PoperyFanatic shrinksfrombelieving.Clearlytous"that waymadnesslies."
WRETCHEDCONDITIONOFTHEPOORIN LONDON.
CONDITIONOFTHESHAKERS.
ASouthamptoncorrespondentofthe DailyTelegraph,whomadeaspecialjourney totheShakercolonytoinvestigatetheir allegedstarvingcondition,givesthefollowingaccountofhisvisit:-"Ientereda camp,"sayshe"byagateway,nearwhich standsonelongshantywithbroadsidesand canvasroof,whilstontheothersideare somesmalleronesinaline,thewholeformingaminiaturestreet.PassingthreefreshlookinggirlsinBloomercostumesauntering arminarm,Iaddressedastaid-looking woman,andinquiredforMrs.Girling.She tookmeatoncetothelongbuilding,and glancingdowntheratherduskyapartment containinganumberofpersonsIperceived aremarkablefigureapproachingus.Mother Girlingistall,wonderfullythinandactive, wearsringlets,andpossessesbrightsearching eyes.Shewouldmakeagoodmodelforan artist'sDeborah.'Whethersheattainsto realmesmericpowerornot,shecertainlyhas morepersonalinfluenceoverhercommunity thanBrighamYoungeverhadoverhis. Thewayinwhichmembersofthecolony clearedoutofthetentMrs.Girlingselected forourtide-a-tetewasquiteOriental.Itold herIwasgladtofindbytheappearanceof herpeople,andespeciallyofthechildren, thatthestarvationreportsmusthavebeen exaggerated.Sherepliedthattheywerefor monthsgonethroughwithmuchsevere suffering,thoughshehopeditwasovernow, andhadoncebeenwithoutfoodforfortyeighthourstogether.Shebelievedthosewho hadbroughtthetroubleonthemwould, soonerorlater,seethewrongtheyhaddone. Pointingtoafinefieldofwheatoverthe nexthedgenearlyreadyforreaping,shesaid itwastheirownplanting,alltakenfrom themforotherstoenjoy.Irecommended hertoconsidertheadvisabilityofemigrating toNewZealand,butshereplied,SirI thankyousincerelybutGodhasplacedme here,andnothingshallinducemetoleave thisplace.Mydestinyishereandifan angelfromheaventoldmetogo,Iwouldnot.' Intheroadoutside,twoyoungwomenwere readingatestament.1mentionedtothem theobjectofmyvisit,andlearntfromthem someoftheirprevioushardships;butthey laughedatthese,andwhenIsuggestedto themthattheyshouldtakecareofMother Girling,'OhInoharmorsicknesswillever cometoher,'wasthesower.Indeed,Iam toldtheShakersbelieveshewillneverdie," Ourcorrespondentadds:"Thecommunity includesanumberofyoungpersonaundeveloped,physicallyormentally.Another winterofprivationswouldprobablyinjure manyoftheseforlife.Cannotsomethingbe done?"
RITUALISM.
Oneoftheamusingepisodesinthecurrent Mackonochieaffairisthatlittlepieceof advicegivenbytheAnglicanArchbishopof Canterburytotheworkingmen'sdeputation -"Goendtellyourclergymanthatheis guiltyofagraveoffence."Veryprobably theclergymanwaseotumacious;butitisa newmethodofadministeringareproofto conveyitbytheliesofthelaity.Perhaps, indeed,Dr.Taitthoughtthatastheclerymanhadworriedhimwiththisdeputation itwouldbenomorethanpoeticaljustice toreturnthecompliment.Unfortunately, thedeputationisaltogetherhostiletothe Archbishop,andisnotatalllikelytoconvey his"fatherly"message.The"pestilential littleprints"asoneofthegentlestofthe elderTractariansusedtostyletheRitualist newspapers,areshootingtheirspitefullittle arrowsagainsttheirownsuperiorswith greatvigour."EpiscopalImbecility"isthe headingofonearticle."Tiledegradationto whichtheEnglishepiscopatehasreduced itselfunderthepresidencyofDr.Tait"is thesentimentexpressedbyanother.And theChurchHeraldbreathesaprayerforthe reposeofthesoulofBishopThirlwall,whom asabishop,itdescribesasa"failure," havingalsostigmatisedhimas"aRadical andaLatitudinarian."Thepaperthat containsamenitiesalsopresentsitsreader' withsomelettersfromcorrespondents,tea "TheCnItusofOurLady."Thiscurious mixtureoflightanddarknessisnot altogetherunhopeful.IfAnglicanscould onlygetridoftheirbitterness-andtheir veryuncomfortable"position"ia,nodoubt, thecauseofagreatdealofit-theywould soonfollowthelead,whichitseemsthe graceofGodhasalreadygiventhem,and -wouldlearntobecometeachableanddevout undertheshadowofthatMightyMother, thetrueChurchofGod.
Aterribledeathwasrecordedbythe unmistakableverdictofaCoroner'sJuryon Saturdaylast--oneofthosedeathsahick everynowandthenthrowdishonouronour boastedcivilization.Awretchedcreature dieslikeadoginthestreets,notfromdisease, notfromaccident,but,astheverdicttellsus (afterallduedeliberationandinquiry)from starvationandexposure."Onlyawoman's hair"wasfoundinscribedonatinypacket amongthepapersofJonathanSwift.It was"Onlyawoman,"thispoorvictimof starvationandexposureinthisvastand wealthycity,intheverymidstofthisdense populationoffourmillionsofherfellow creatures.Anotherunfortunatehurriedto heraccount"unhousell'd,disappointed, unaneal'd."Thelamentablehistory,asold asLondonstreets,istoldinasentence. Twenty-fouryearsago,asthedaughterofa wealthyfarmer,luredtoherruin,shewas firstswallowedup(asistoldofheratthe Coroner'sInquest)inthisseethingcauldron calledLondonandWestminister.Theend comestoheratthelastrangofthesocial ladder-inthestreets-leaningagainstthe wallinShort'sGardens-crawlingroundthe cornerofthatbywayintoDrury-lane.As CharlesDickenssaidofJo,the.crossingsweeper,"Dead,yourMajesty.Dead,my LordsandGentlemen.Dead,Right heverendsandWrongReverendsofevery order.Dead,menandwomanbornwith Heavenlycompassioninyourhearts.Aad dyingthusarounduseveryday."Starvationandexposure,privationsofthedirest character,wereprovedinthisinstance,asin somanyothers,tohavebroughtthis unhappybeingsurelyandcertainlytodeath's doorand-acrossthethreshold! Among theevidenceadducedattheCoroner's Inquestwasthisthatjustbeforesheexpired thedeceasedwasbegging,inGod'sname,for theloanofsomehalfpence.Witness, anotherverypoorwoman,gaveherlid., beingallshepossessed.Theprivationsof thedeadwomanincludedwantoffood,of sleep,ofclothing,andofshelter.Her habitualresting-placesatnightwereshown tohavebeen,forweeksandweekspast, downpassages,inanyfilthyholeorcorner ofthebackslumsofthemetropolis.A jurorthereuponremarkedthatthousandsof bothsexesarehomeless-insummersleeping intheparks,andinbetweenwhilewandering aboutbeggingandpilfering.Asthe Coronerremarked,surelysomeremedyfor thisfrightfnlandmostdisgracefulstateof thingsoughttohediscoveredonewayto whichwouldbethegradualdemolitionof theLondonrookeries,andtheerectionin theirplaceofhealthydwellingsforthevery impoverished.-WeeklyRegister.
RECEPTIONSATTHEVATICAN.
TheweatheratRomeisatpresentofa tropicalheat.Itisbetterimaginedthan described,anditiscertainlymorepleasant toimaginethantoexperienceit.Those whoobeytheadage,and"doatRomeas Romedoes,"leavethecity.AllofRome thatcanquitthesultryprecinctsforthe salubriousseabreezeshavedoneso.The statereceptionsattheVaticanhavenecessarilydiminishedinnumber,butthehealth oftheSovereignPontiff,thanksbetoGod, continueswell,andtheordinaryroutineof officialbusinessisstillcarriedonasusual, andthecustomaryreceptionsofCardinals andPrelates,ofSecretariesofCongregations, andGeneralsofOrdersandofprivate individuals,areuninterrupted.Theamount ofworkwhichisdailytransactedbyPius IX.isreallyincredible,andwouldbewholly impossiblewereitnotforthatidomitable personalenergy(whichtimeseemsunableto affect,)ontheonehand,andontheother, theadmirablemannerinwhichthedetailis plannedandeveryhourmappedoutinthkt prolificexistence.Therecentpersecutions sufferedbytheChinchhave,inamanner, tendedtostrengthenandtomanifesther unity.TheVicarofChristthecentreof thisunity,iscompelledtoexercise,in additiontothefunctionsofUniversalDoctor, those,also,ofParticularCounsellorandDiapensatorofExceptionalPowers.Farfrom regrettingtheseunceasingoccupations,Pius IX.hasonlyonethought-thewelfareof the(;hurchandthegreatergloryofGod.
THELORDMAYOROFDUBLIN.
TheLordMayorofDublinhasreceived fromthePope,throughMgr.Rinaldinethe GrandCrossoftheOrderofSt.Gregory. HisHoliness,itisannouncedmeanttomark inaconspicuousmannerhisadmirationof themannerinwhichtheLordMayorrepre-, sented,duringtheO'ConnellCentenary celebrations;thefaithoftheancientCatholie Irishnation.
1704.' Ti. Itrtkle110V3711bIOieEr4mitanelltibrary,say" tllJau-4,1kyietenai;wirfelOalermed thebooksofthesuppressedconvents,there maybeseenacuriosityworthyofespecial notice.Itconsistsoftwoglobes-theone terrestrial,theothercelestial-standingupon trestlesaboutayardindiameter.Globesof thissortarebynotmeinsrareinold libraries.Theglobesinquestionweregiven tosomemonasticlibrarybytheCardinal Cesard'Estrees,theAmbassadorofLouis XIV.totheholySee.Theybearthedate of1688,andweremadeatVenicebyPadre shit..rteieisaninscriptiontothiseffeei, calbscAnto(rinelegantcase,inthestyleof thetime,andplacedinthecentreofthe zmazCleaTa.n. ierjecurionsto theseglobes.;;.the ouemore espeeially..Thislattergivesusthelatest record'of'thegeorinithicalitf$iebietksirtel legenchtoftheItlecentury..'fheseas'.ei1d cullamotsare.,paieted,.inbrightculeora toreadthenatnesofthemountains,rivers, andtowersAlens111-retpinr;hut,with patience,theemayallhedifteoyereee,The goodi?oe4reVeinal,elcarefullydepictedthe vegetation,thearchitecture,theanimals,and egettheinannei'sandcustonnsofeach eeitintry.Inmikl-i,cettnandalsonearthe portsthereareharquee,pliersofdivers kinds,maimedby,soldiersandsailorsin extravagantdress,andcarryingsuperbsails. Intheoceantherearemarinemonsters,in theoenttr,entswilddeer.Forexample,in Asiaweseefilesofcamels,atruecaravan. atrainofelephantsbeitringaprincessand herCourt,pagodascontaininggiganticidols andtheirworshippers.Therearealso Catholicchurchesraisedbymissionaries Inourihaysgreattroubleistakentodiscover thecoltreofAfrica,butPadreCoronellihas depicteditreadilyenoughonhieglebes. Therearenegroesinforestsofpainttr(se, crocodilesandrhinocerosee(?hippopotami) areseenintherivers,giraffesandcamelsin theosis,ostrichesinthedeserthuntedby mountedArabs,tee.Inshort,thisinfieldteemglobegivesusaspecimenofthe romanee,asitwere,ofgeography.Itisthus thattheworldappearedtothelearnedIIIt411 ofthe17thcentury-toCardinald'Estri.es, forexample,towhomthisglobei.dedicated andtheie.errorwasnotverygreat.Since theItalianGovernmenthasguilesofarasto presertethiscariosity,it()tightalsoto repairit,fortheglobesareincork,andthe corkhasbeeninseveralpartseatenintoby pike. Venicealoneinthatneewascapableof producingthese!superbinstruments.The nameofthemakerwasFrancescoMorozini. Thereisanhricriptionwhichisverycurious 111141worthyofpublicationit'naygiverise in\runlet,toso,elearnedresearch.Itruns thusinlie;iati Geniusandvirtue commendtoeternitythenameof the mostviiiitentCardinal&Esti-as,del,and peerofFrance,Aniliassa,terfor1.(atisthe Great Thesetwogroatglebes,made beP;u1reConinelli,niltheideaofwhichhe afterwardsdiscoursedfortheCesitiographietilAcademyoftheArgonatitus,inthe yv-;Lt1G88,atVenice."
A14.1-tratisr:kler LI.orTHENI GoNr.CLEAN51.511K NIAD. AcorrespondentofaNeWYorkpaper relatesthe seilieatacamp-inceting: .\ttheetate',tedenoftheattentionSC1111011 atthe(Valtrellardamp-meeting,Rev.NIr 1rishipcameforwardareldeclaredthatitwas lochtimethatresultsofthepreachingwere manifest.Ilewantedtheanxious-seatsfilled Withtwollit,Whofelttheirneolofsontifeeition. Ilecalkedthewholeofthetrent,seatstobe vacated,andealleiloutforthoseinwantof pulite-a:bintooccupythem.ABaptist brotherwasthefirsttoobeythecall.A bireenumberfollowed-perhaps300.Soon itwasthesceneofthewildestconfusion.A hundredprayerswentupatonce.There asthemostrigorousimportunityforthe immediateoutpouringofthegiftofpurification.Menwouldrolloverinthestraw, gra",atcaeltoilier,andshout,It'scontiag comitig1'andwould kiss,andTumid oneanother.IIwaslongtaintingwithone wefixedouratlentinnupon.IIIwastinIds knees,strugglingintensely,rulrhinghishands, andexeluiwiug,0duCome,hurlcome ilowP.Shortlyheuttereda'mistterrifyingshriek,whichsoundedIntelabovethe htuelredsofotherexclamationsIt's cuttingIseeit.'Abrothernearhim,who wastremblingalloverwithexcitwent,and withtearsinliiAeyes,criedout,ashe poundedhimonhisback,0,getitnow,get itnow,brother1'andanotherexclaimed. 'Ilaveyougotin?haveyottgotit,brother?" IYesI l'iegutitheshouted,andthe greatestexeitenientprevailed.Stoutnieu amongthespectatorsweremovedtotears; hardenedsinnersfurthefirsttimeintheir litesdroppedupontheirknees.Surelythe peusenceofGodishere,'onesays,whilethe wholeairisfilledwiththecriesofHallelujah"Glory.'"
THOLJCIts
i WV CH F BERG.:;
',..__'the,4140iigIA ph,tierfrtialtblef
011i "EftipeleireafrAhliormrto nilSch;Mere*A'
was :liAYT.
eAtiffewhichili bergonthetwenty-fifthanniversaryofhisthetimeofDaniel'sbirthheheld,asall enthronisationhasbeenpublishedintheCatholicsinIrelandwereforcedtodo, ifkneeZestuny:- ti4. aProtestanttrestee.Thistrustee "DearCardinalPrinceSelawarzenher timedonlytofile"abillofdiscovery"(such 'IraEngland'sjustandgentlelaws,only centuryago,)andtocompeltheCatholic wuer,tocomeforward,inordertotake neesessionoftheestatehimselfwithout lugonefarthingforit.O'Connell susthatacertainMr.Myers
ThemanifolddemonstrationsofJo:, interestinthedayofthecompletionof twenty-fifthyearofyourarohiepiscopacy agreeablyimpressedme.Theeffortoft clergyandthepeopletoprofitbytl conclusionofyourinfluentialactivityfo awejaabiawkautuortkanvp,i
whomheknewinhisyouthwas aproofthatyouhavebeentoallthose-uto-alatetdwith.sucha:"billofdiscorery." yourwcre entru5tetitothtppdy'aptiahr,etutffleteueurt,prfend,14sefirchlytohis highpiiestliood.Alwaysatrue'rind nI)estate;UlulatedofftotheProstes-conseiefiliouserineeendovereeer.Iwill& OptArchbishopofDublin,abjuredhiscreed soze.,014,411twL*.p -endservedhisland.TheArchbishopgave mYadinnertocelebrate-thieconversion.Over thewalnuts-andthewinehisGracesaidto Mr.Myers,"Willypubesokindastostate, Mr.Myers,fortheedificationofthecompany, thegroundsupon:whichyouhavecast asidePoperyandembracedtheChurchof England2""Certainlymylord,"replied Myers;"Icaneasilydothat.Thegrounds ofmyconversiontotheProtestantreligion aretwothousandfivehundredacresofthe bestgroundsintheCountyRoscommon."
fullriclnowItsgmentsot1leunremitttug tareivith yiiiebare'fotrlaiiit conductedthe,governtnontofthearchiepiscopaldioces'eofSaltzburgandPrague, inciudingthesatisfnctionofthespiritual necessitiesofyourdlixese,andtherendering ofwillingandwilehelptothepoorand unhappy.kapreeningthese acknowledgements,andthehighvalue.Iplaceon yourhereditary,immutabledeviationtome andmyhouse,Ieonclinlewiththefervent wishthatGodthelairdwillrichlybless yourzealouswork,andthatyoumayiet havemanyyearsinthisservice.
RELIGIOUSSTATISTICSANDRELIGIOUS FERIODICALSINTHEUNITEDSTATES
ARY
C6111E8:,OFPi,r,STA RiLwrilusSOCIITIES.
ItiswellknownthatthevariousProtestantbodiesinthiscountryraisevery largesumseveryyearforthepurposeof spreadingwhattheybelievetobereligious truthbothathomeandabroad.Even societieslikethePrimitiveMethodists,in whosechapelsaretobefoundnowealthy people,none,asarule,abovethesmallshopkeeperortheartizan,evenbodiesSUCIIas theseraisebytheirskilfulorganization considerablesumsofmoneyyearlyfor carryingontheirwork.Inthisrespectwe Catholicscanlearnmuchfromreligious communitiesoutsidetheChurch.Thetotal amountofcontributionsfrontGreat13ritain andIrelandtoIlrie-AlsociationforthePro-
EXTINCTIONOFTHEFAMILYOrCArOtit. TheMarquisBensodeCavour,nephewof thefamousMinister,hasjustdied.The nameandfamilyofCavourhavethus becAnneextinct.Themarquiswasthe possessorofhisuncle'spapers.
MUSWALFETETNTHETCILERIESGARDENS. Amusicalletetookplacerecentlyinthe thegardensoftheTuileriesinaidofthe tbundated,underthepatronageofthe Duclies:ofMagenta.Theentrancecharge wastensous,andavastnumberofParisians ..-sittended.Thetotalamountreceivedby MadamelaNIer6chalede1`'Slahonforthe inundatedea.s21,96e,604francs.
FRANZJOSEPH. "Vienna,August14th,1875."
THINGSOFTIIE
Itmaytouseful,saystheLawTimes,to directattentiontothenumerouschangesin legalnoinettelaturewhichhavebeenwrought bytheJudicatureActs.Thesechanges wereamatterofobviousnecessity,asin manycasesthesame,ernearlythesame, persons,docutnettts,orthingshaveformany hundredyearsbeencalledbydifferentnames inthedifferentcourtswhichhavestow becomeone.Afterthe1stofNovember nexttherewillbenosuchpersonsasattorneysorproctors,bothofwhichtitleswillhe mergedintheChanceryappellationof solicitor.1..'nrevanche,asuitbecomesan action,"bill"and"declaration"alike oisappear,toldbecome"statementofclaim" or"statementofcomplaint,"forthe draftsmanofthebilldidnotappearto.have quitemaleuphismindonthispoint.'rite JudicatureCommission,ifweremember right,recommendthecontinuanceofthe term"dadaration.""Plea"and"answer" become"defence,""replication"becomes "reply.""leallurrer"and"motionfornew trial"betltstale!theirground,butbillsof exceptions,proceedingsinerror,pleasin abatement,andnewassignmentswillhave disappearedforever."Motionsfor judgment"isquiteanewtermtothe cowmenlawyer,andtheequityonewill scarcelyrecogniseinitthe motionfor decree."Terms"willbecalled"sittings."
'for,WiNnsouBevel..
00Mondayweekanold-fashionedcustom, abolishedsonicyearsback,andknownas "TheWindsorRevel,"wasrevivedbythe "Bachelors"oryouthofWindsor,who, assemblingintheAcrewhichgoesbytheir panic,forince.aprocession,mid,withabaud andflags,marchedroundtheItriyalborough. Atier,ardscricketandotherpastimeswere indulgedinbytheBachelorshitheirheart's content,notwithstandingtheadjacentwalls wereplacardedwiththeMayor'sproclamationforbiddingtheholdingthe"revel," meterpainofbeingprosecutedfortrespass. Earlyinthemorningthegreystoneobelisk 011theeastoftheAcrewasdecoratedwith flagsandevergreensItsamostimportant iteminthehistoryoftheAcre.Itmaybe statedthattheobeliskbearsseveralinscriptionswhich,intheviewoftheBachelorsof \\indsor,proclaimtheirrightstodoasthey pleaseupontheirdorniuion,theAcre.l'he inseriptienontheeastpanelisasfollows:"GrandNational-Jubilee,()et25,1809.'fheBadielersofWindsorherebygratefully recordthecondescensionofII.M.Queen t'llarlotteandheraugustfamilyinhonouring themwiththeirInesenceinthisAcreto witnesstheroastingofanox,thegiftofR. 0.Fcnivick,Esq.,oftheRoyalHorseGuards Blue,ofwhich,andids,oftheplumpudding providedbytheBachelors,theygraciously partookamidsttheacclamationofthejoyful populace,towhomthisoldEnglishfarewas efterwardsdistributed."Afternightfallon NionditvweektheAt-rewascrowdedwith somefiveorsixthousandpeople-men, women,andehildren-ionisingthemselves despitetiremunicipalprohibition.
FIFTIETHAssiveRSARYOFTHEFIRST RAILWAYINENGLAND.
Thecomingjubileeinconnectionwiththe fiftiethanniversaryofthefirstrailway openedinEnglandistobeanelaborateand interestingaffair,andnoexpense-istobe spared.Itispartiallyexpectedandfully leper'thatamemberoftheRoyalfamily illunveilthestatueofJosephPeaseit Middleburgh;failingthattheDukeof Clevelandwillheinvitedtoperformthe duty.Morethan1,01)0guestsaretobeasked tothebanquet,whichistotakepieceina marquee.Thechairmenandsecretariesof alltherailwaycompaniesinthewoild,the membersofParliamentontheNerth:Enstern system,thebishops,mayors,andtoktefelerke ontheNorth-Easternsystent'end'Several representativesofvariousfriendlysocieties. besidesthemembersofthepresentcabinet trodofMr.Gladstone'sGoverninentWillbe invited.
IntheUnitedStatesthereare400religious periodicalsofvariouskindsatpresentin -ezietence-TheMethodistclaim47,the liotnanCatholics41,theBaptists35,the Presbyterian29,theEpiscopalians21,the Lutherans14,theGermanReformedChurch 14,theJews,9,andtheCongregationalists8. Thefollowingstatisticswillshowthe strengthofthevariousChurchesinAmerica andunderthecontrolofAmericansforthe year1874:-TheProtestantFpiscopel Churchhas3,040clergymen2,750parishes, and273,555communicants.TheRoman CatholicChurchhas4,873priests,4,731 churches,1,902chapelsandstations,and 8,761,242Catholicpopulation.Ithasnow oneCardinal.TheBaptistChurchhas943 associations,21,510churches,11,354ordained ministers.and1,761,171members.The ChurchoftheUnitedBrethrenhas2,950 churches,1,886ministersand13I,095 members.TheUniversalistChurchlies 624churches.674ministers,and330,391 members.ThereturnsoftheAnnualConferenceoftheMethodistEpiscopalChurch intheUnitedStatesshowthattherearetow 111thatChurch10,854travelliug.preachers, 1,581localpreachers,18,628Sunday-shootils, with200,484teachersandI.:163,e71;scholars. Thenumberofmembersis1,503.522,The Churchpropertyisvaluedat66,288,815dots., anincreaseofnearly13,1i00,ouetiterthe valueofthepropertylastyear.
SWIMMINGACROSSTHEL...14.1NNEL.
.AnEnglishsailor,CaptainNlatthewWebb, oftheNlercantNlarine,onWednesdaylast, the'25thAugust,181'5,aecomplishedthe unparalleledteatofswimmingaerus,the BritishChannel,fromDovertoCalais,inill,halthavingtouchedanysupport,whatever fromthemomentofhisdicingoffthe AdmiraltyPier.attheEnglishseaport,to themomentofhistreadingthesandsatthe Frenchseaportandwadingonshoreinthe midstofthegreatestenthusiasm. e achievementlookaltogethertwenty-one hoursandthree-quarters.)(Plungingintothe waterat1'2.56p.m.onTuesday,thegallant swimmer.emergedontheothersideat10.41 a.m.onthefollowingmorning.Asingle row-boatkeptconstantlyinfrontofCaptain Webbtodirecthiscoursearidtosupplyhint. whenneeded,withrefreshments.Alugger, commandedbyanexperiencedpilot,and carryingaclusterofkeenly-observant reporters.accompaniedtheathleticadventureratalittledistance,forthepurposeof watchinghisproceedingsfromfirsttolasttheluggercarryingalsoenexpertdiver, whoSeaid'wouldbeatCaptain'Welsh's comntandatanytnomentineaseofsudden emergency.Anotherrow-hiedhovered betweentheonealreadymentionedandthe logger,soastoputtheoccupantsofthetwo vesselsincommunicationalieneveritmight -bethoughtadvisable.*Duringthewholeof MetimeinwhichCaptainWebbwasafloat hetooknosolidfoodatall,simplyanocca atonaldraughtofbrandy,ale,coffee,orbeeftea.Captairilloyton,withhisfloatingapparatus,hisfog-horus,rockets,sailsandpaddles, isnowutterlyeclipsed.ABritishtar,withoutanyapparatuswhatever,byhis indomitablepluck,doeswhetnomenhas everdonebefore,whatnomanhasever beforedreamtofdoing,swimsrightacross theChannel.Clearlyenoughtheracehas notdegenerated.
ANAMERICAN110TEL.
ThePalaceHotel,nownearingcompletion inSanFrancisco,is,itisstated,thelargest hotelstructureintheworld,Itcovers 1111,250squarefeetofground,andisseven 'storieshigh;24.601,000brickswereusedin itswalls3,000tonsofcastand wroughtiron,4,561,524feetoflumberand timber.Itcontains1,060windows,377of whicharebaywindows926rooms,none oflesssirethan16by16feet,and,688bath roores;Itcontainsoverthteemilesofhalls therearefivepassengerelevators,`andseven grandstairwaysthereare4.540doors, 9,000gasburners,andthirty-twomilesof gasandWater-pipe.Itrequires60;000yards, orftenty-eightmilesofcarpet.IttanAccbmmodate,MOO&eats,besides860sertantrand employes.
pegationoftheFaithwasfortheyear1874 -GreatBritain£6,413;andIreland,£3,617. Ofcourseweare,onthewhole,apoorhotly; neverthelessbybetterorganizationwemight domorethanwearedoingforthe['miragelienoftheFaithbothathomeand;throw]. TheRocklatelypublishedthefollowingstatisticsrespectingsomeoftheprincipal ProtestantReligiousSocieties:-Frornthe comparativestatementsofthefinancesof nearly60ofthereligioussodetieswhich havebeenholdingtheirannualmeeting's duringthelasttwotr.onths,itappearsthat about£1,400,000hasbeenreceivedbysubscriptionsorfromothersourcesduringthe year1874-5;or,making,probableestimates oftheincomeofQueenAnne'sBounty, ClergyNlutualAssurance,(.111IIICil'AugmentationFund,andtheIrishSociety,fourof thelargestsocietiesonthelist,ithosereports havenotyetbeenissued,wemayfairlyput downtheaggregateincomeofthese58 societiesasamountingtoconsiderably upwardsofe2,otio,oe0sterlingagainst £2,0112,686thepre%Mosyear.Theexpenditurefor1874-5was£1,261,483;buttothis sumfromA:6011,0ootot..8ett,o00willhateto beaddedinconnectionwiththefour societiesmentionedalio,e.During1873-4 theexpenditurewas£1,815,516.Itwillthus beseenthatinthecaseofthosesocieties losefinancesarccapableof'Icingecinipared fortherespective)(sirsthenetincreasein receiptsfor1874-73met-1873-4 £29,181, andintheexpenses4.63,658.Comingto details,wecommencewiththelittrult NlissionarySociety,whichraisedthesumel Cl75,836whiletieincreaseof£4,781,inits expenditureshowsthatitsopttatienshave beenwidelyextttided.WelaAttrmclothe 111111141P1R1ForeignBibleSevitty succeededitiraising£222,162. his, eser,includesIt2,969realizedbythesale ofBibles,Testaments&e.,thusreducingthe actualincometo£119,h93.Thetotal expenditurewas£217,391.TileReligions TractSocietv'sincome,including.te.ntio, theresultsail-Ofpublications,was1142,941, andtheexpenditure6143,134.Its'3iissionary'fundsonlyamountedto£23,271tomeet £28,328expendedinthesonicdirection. '111edualsoftheSocietyforthePropagation oftheGospelstandat£134,827,beingail hicreaseofnearly.1:25,1iUtieserhepreyisms year.Itsexpenditurewas£111,796.In 1873-4QueenAnne'sHomilyreceiptswere representix1by..1430,0,1,andtheClergy NIutualAssuranceby256,625,butthebalancesheetsfor1874-5willnotbereadyforsome timeyet.Thenext15societieshadinfamies risingfrom£10,0410to£60,000fortheyear 1874-5-AdditionalCurates'Society£61,106; ChurchPastoralAidSociety,£56,546; LondonCityMission,£46,606Societyfor PromotingChristianKn.twledge-general fund,£41,937(thebooksellingaccount receiptswereX92,350,ofwhich£75,652 wererealized1ysaleofpublications); LondonSocietyforPromotingCloistianity amongtheJews,£37,573;NationalRefuges forBowlegsandDestituteChildren,A:35,515;Corpora:ionoftheSonsoftheClergy, £27,410;3ishopofLondon'sFund,£27,0u7 IrishChurchMissions,£22,987Colonialand ContinentalChurchSociety,£20,543(this, however,doesnotinclude£15.8eraisedand expendedabroad)NationalSocietyfor Promoting.EducationamongthePoor, £19,135(Ioluntarycontributionsonly)depositoryreceipts,£45,250,SouthAnierican MissionarySociety,£13,727;Incorporated ChurchBuildingSociety,£13,672;Clergy OrphanSchools,111,742ChurchofEngland ScriptureReaders'Association,110,254. Withtheviewofcarryingthestatisticsas farRSpossiblewithoutbeiugtedious,we maysubjointhefolkwingsocietieswith incomes(nom£1,000to119,000:-London BranchoftheMoravianMissions,,19,513; ChristianVernacularEducationSociety, £8,669;MissionstoSeaman,48,628the IrishSociety(income.187:3-4,17,527,)report notoutthisyear;ArmyScriptureReaders' andSoldiers'FriendSociety,181,7.,4,502;6,13'67)e, LiteratureSociety(income reportnotoutthisyearSt.John'sFoundationSchoolsforSonsofPoorClergy,15,853; ChurchofIrelandSustentationFund,15,046 DiocesanHumeMinion,14,833;Royal NavyFemaleSchool,14,549; Churchof EnglandTemperanceSociety,.114,519; IndigentBlind.VisitingSociety(incomein 18734was14076)reporenutoutthis.year; Soldiers'Daughters?Homes,Hampstead, 14,389ChurchDefenceInstitution(income for1873-4was£8,791),reportforthisyear notoutYoungMeiCsChristianAssociation,13,659:ScriptureReaders'Societyfor Ireland,42,869.;.kenialeAidSociety, 12,534;BritishAsylumforDeafand Dumb,£2,404;ThamesChureh -14350;DorseitiaServents'BesevoleatInstitution,11,807RoyalNavyScripture
Reedtiek.beeietyireMAItClout*ofEmilend Senittnliclitot 4l01943(tide eltninciFieof48,94bytalentpublications)+, Monte'ralichiriafortheBlind,ALMS chilAg!PcsaileatiaryAssociation.41.801 NanelandMilitaryBibleSociety,419.2t4,t DAY,,ObeervaneeSociety,Atom, Midnight,Moulin"Movement,4,11098.,+, CatAi,°pixies. It,ff.
'Ill$001AIRSOUWkREHOUSt: WHOLESALE&RETAIL.
J.S.CHRISTIE, SootandShoeManufacturerand Importer, WILLIAMSTREET,PERTH.
ALARGEandsplendidassortment ofLadies',,Gentlemen's,and Children'sBOOTS,SHOES,and FANCYSLIPPERS. Also-StrongBoots(ownmake), suitableforcountrywear. I.R.Goloshes,CorkSocks,Leggings,(patentandplain). ria-Cheapestandbesthouseinthe colony. Observetheaddress-
J.S.CHRISTIE, BOOT&SHOEWAREHOUSE, WILLIAMSTREET,PERTH. CLAISEBROOKBRICKYARD.
T.DONNELLY,HAVINGre-openedCLAISEBROOKBRICKYARD,begs toinformBuildersandthePublicthat lieisnowpreparedtosupplysound, well-burntBRICKStoanyamount. BRICKScartedtoanypartof PerthorSuburbs,ordeliveredatthe LandingStage,Claisebrook,forboating toFremantle,&c. ORDERSaddressedtoT.DONNELLY,Claisebrook,willreceive immediateattention. Perth,Jan.6,1876.
HIGHEREDUCATION. NOTICE.
voTicEisherebygiventhataPublic INMeetingwillheheldintheRoman CatholicBoys'SCHOOLHOUSEonMONDAYeveningnextat7p.m.,toreceiveand adoptaMEMORIALtotheRightHon.the SecretaryofStatefortheColonies,praying thatHerMajesty'sGovernmentwillnotgive assenttotheBillpassedinthelastSession oftheLegislativeCounciltoestablisha systemofHigherEduCationinthisColony onapurelysecularbasis. Theattendanceofallpersonsinterestedin thisquestionisrequested. ByorderofCommittee, H.MOLL,Hon.Sec.
TOOURREADERS.
WEhavehadrepeatedcomplaints,and fromsomedistrictsespecially,thatthe Recordfrequentlyfailstobedeliveredtoour Subscribers.Asthiscomplainthints suspicion,wemustrequestthoseofour SubscriberswhodonotfindtheRecordatthe PostOfficeonthefirstmaildayafterits publicationtowriteimmediatelytothe, Editor.Theymayrestassuredthatnostone willbeleftunturnedtofindoutwhereitis hid.ASupplementtothe"Itzcottn" willbepublishednextweek.
VatItofa,Iiisttqofffitrol.
X AttheConventoftheImmaculate Conception,Perth,WestAustralia,onthe 22ndDecember,1875,died.afterafew. days'illness,SisterMARYIONATIA DELAROYDE,inthe75thyearofheiage. liequieseatinpace.
Orr"P" MISSCATTIERTNEDELAR9yDE,ofthe CountyLouth,Ireland.nteredthe ConventoftheSisterdofMercy,Birmingham.England,onthe18thOctober,1842. ReceivedtheHolyHabitofReligionon the13thJuly,1843.Removedtothe ConventofSistersofMercy,'faggot-St., Dublin,andinSeptember,1845,wassent byhersuperiorsontheFoundatibnto WesternAustralia.withfivereligious Sistersandapostulant,underthecareof theRightRev,Dr.Brady"(Madeher religiousProfessiononthe25thJanuary.. 1846,intheoldChurch,Perth,being. withhersisters,unprovidedwitha Convent,untiltheerectionofthe unpeetendingbuildingthatforsomany, pearsformedtheresidenceoftheSisters inPerth;andisnowdevotedtothe accomodationoftheBoarders.
BsterMARYIGRAlitAwasthetirdto Western religiousvowsonthesoilof WesternAustralla.)(Whenshecommenced hermission,ReligionwasInavery primitivestatein'thisColony.The"old Church"stoodalone,surroundedbythe bush,initspristinesimplicity.The presentsurroundings'Of'theConvent namely,theSehocis,Orybanage:an
on, thWer IS4' of ,lu.:rnabor o undtur As, s2nZ
her;the,Mtin Unlimited,now,mPiheix, Auto beartestimony"ofher seitt theirearlytraining.--herliir,l4y-cnitivitteof Mindandintellectuallittainmenta er7, 'Mghereminentlyqualifiedforthe arduoustask-ofimpartingreligions instructiontoIciungandold.Shewas kind-heartedandcompassionate,evincing greattendernessforthesick,andtakIng particulardelightinthatworkofmercy.' Likewisetothecondemnedprisonerwere herservicesrenderedwithcheerful alacrity,alleviatingtheirsorrowand Preparingthem60meettheirawfuldome with:humblesubmissiontotheDivine appointment.
SisterMARYIGNATIAhadbeenblessed withgeneralgoodhealththroughoether longreligiouscareer.Shewasableto attendtoherusualdutiesuptotheday beforeshetookherlastillness.Onher sickbedshewasfrequentlyvisitedby HisLordshiptheBishop,andbythe VeryRev.M.Gibney,whoadministered tohertheHolySacraments,and,intheir presence,andthatofthesorrowing Communityshecalmlyexpired,onthe 10thdayofherillness,havingpreserved herfacultiesnearlytotheend.
OnThursday,the23rdDecember,the RequiemMassforhereternalreposewas solemItlychantedbytheVeryRev.M. Gibney.andthecoffinremainedatthe footoftheSanctuaryuncoveredduring theday,beingconstantlyvisitedbythe ChildrenofMary.Intheeveningitwet depositedintheConventCemetery,His LordshipandtheClergyattending.
OnthefollowingSunday,theVeryRev. theVicarGeneralpreachedabeautiful funeralsermonintheCathedraltothe memoryofthedeardeceasedSister, takingforhistextthefollowingwords Man,whenheshallbedead,and "strippedandconsumed,Iprayyou "whereishe."-Jobxiv.10.
TheVeryRev.preacherspokewith deepfeelingandinhisusualenergetic mannerofthesacrificemadebythe deceasedreligiousinleavingherhome andcountry,30yearssince,tolaborin thecauseofreligion,anddevoteherlife totheserviceofherfellowcreaturesin thisdistantland.Great,hesaid,was thenobilityofthesoulthatcouldmake suchasacrifice,andwellandfaithfully didshelabortotheend.Thatday fortnight,hesaid,shehadsatinherchair givinginstruction,asshehaddonefor years.Inreturnforallshehaddonefor thepeoplehewouldonlyaskthemtopray forherspeedyadmittancetoeternalbliss, ifhersoulwerestillliabletoanydebt duetoDivinejustice.
Hiswordswerelistenedtowithtearsof sorrowfrommanypresentwhoknewtoo wellthelosstheyhadsustained,andwith feelingsofdeepestgratitudebythe bereavedCommunityforthetributepaid totheirdeeply-lamentedSister. Maysherestinpeace,andmayour lastendbelikehers.
THEWEST
gtusttlalianCatholiclecotd. '"Beindefatigableingoerpurpoe,,.andwith undawetedspiritresistiniquityandtryto conquerevilwithgood,havingbefore,youreyes therewardpreparedforthosewhocombatfor thenameofChrist."--PiusIX.
TUESDAY, 11,
OURORPHANAGES: -4--
"Manisunjust,butGODisjust;andfinally Justicetriumphs."-LONGF.ELLOW.
THEquestionwhetherthechildrenin ourOrphanage!areentitled'.totie gr'ntnitonsattendanceoftheCof,Snial 'SurgeonstudtoMedicinesfrom.the ColonialHospitalhailbeensubmitted byHisExcellencytheGovstixontothe decisionofthe.Legislative'Council,and thatbodyhavearrivedataconclusion adversetotheclaimswhichhavebeen urgedbytheManagersofour'Orphanages,viz.,thattheGovernmentare boundtoprovideMedicalattendance andMedicinesforourOrphansgratuitously.Asourreadersareaware,this VteStionhasbeen'pendingsinceMay last,butastheManagersofthe Orphanageswereuntilaveryrecent periodincommunicationwithHie Excellencyonthisveryimportant matter,7-andwhichcopltpondetic,has sine/01)0msubmittedto;theLegislative Council,-weWere.procliideclfrom placingitbeforeens,,'readersatan earlierdate.WecomMen&the:correspondencetotheeirnestandinipartial considerationofthereaders''of.. tord,-andweOpinethereareklirwho willendorsetheopiniOneoreesed'by hisgic.afasirthe.GovitQrs%.109 Vrill.beliedelhatthepresenthisitkios
LigWlativaCtesuoilofWesternAustralia wity44,1 .orjustdecisionon thequestionnbmittedforitsconsiderateo.FloatthepublishedSeportsof proceedingsoftheCouncil,itwould lesik tho",Qrphoinageqnestion' did'NA.cYieryseriouslyoccupythe aliteittitiii.ofhon.members.Thecond?doiktifoatOrphanages,andwhatthe ',. prospectsoftheManagersthereofhad totarrythemonsuccessfully,was beneaththeconsiderationofsuchgreat men.Itwasmorecongenialtothem, andmuchmoredignifiedontheirpart, tovotebigsumsforextending Railways,-grantingcomparatively (mammasumstoatoneforpastofficial blOndering,'-andgracefullyadding anothernicelittleamounttothe RiItimatestoadornGovernmentHouse Localquestionsofahomelycharacter, SuchasprovidingMedicineandMedical attendancetoOrphanchildren,were beneaththeintellectualcalibreofour Senators.So,afterafewunfriendly observationsfromMr.LEFROY,anda dictatorialperorationfromMr.STEERS, thattheManagersshouldnothave demandedasarightthatwhichtheyhad norightto(?),theHouse,without discuasion,affirmedhisExcellency's firstdecision,whichwasadversetothe positionmaintainedbytheManagers oftheOrphanages.Notwithstanding thelightmannertheLegislative Counciltreatedthequestionwhichwas submittedtoit,thefactremains,we havethepoorstillwithus,anditis onbehalfofthepoorOrphanchildren Wedemandedwhatweconsidered,and donowconsider,andwhatwefirmly believeeveryindependentpersoninthe colonywill,afterperusingthecorrespondencenowplacedbeforethem,also consideranactofSTRICTJUsTicEandthatis,thattheOrphansshould receiveMedicinesandMedicalattendance fres.Attheriskofiterationwewould drawspecialattentiontothefacts,that theoriginalagreementmadewiththe lateGovernorHAMPTONwasaverbal agreement,andfurther,thatasGovernor HAMPTON,THEMOSTCAREFULAND PRECISEOFOFFICIALS,LEFTNOTHING ONRECORDONTHESUBJECT,(see HisExcellencyGovernorROBINSON'S letter,)who,wefairlyask,canpossibly givetheconditiousofthatverbalagreementsowellastheDeputationthat waiteduponthelateGovernorHAMPTON? ReadtheDeclarationofthat Deputation,and,havingdoneso,we wouldask,whatimpartialpersoncan cometoanyotherconclusionthanthis, viz.,thatgratuitousMedicalattendance andMedicineswereincludedinthe originalcompact?Itmaybequite truethatHisExcellencydoesnotat presentintenddenyingtheOrphans MedicinesfromtheColonialHospital, anditmaybealsoequallytrue,that Dr.WAYLENwillnotdiscontinuehis gratuitousservices,butwecannottell whenorbowsooneitherHisEXCELLENCYorDr.WAYLENmaythink differentlytowhattheydojustnow, andthrow,unexpectedly,theburdenof supplyingMedicinesandMedicalattendanceupontheManagersofthe Orphanagesthemselves.Considering thelargesumsofmoneythathavebeen sounanimouslyvotedbytheCouncil forallsorts.ofworks,buildings,and offices,fromwhichthecolonywill derivenocorrespondingadvantage,itis lamentablethattheclaimsofthe Orphanagesdidnotreceivedue attentionfromtheMembersof theLegislativeCouncil.Thousands ofpoundshavebeenvotedtointroduceImmigrants,and,intoomany cases,afterashortresidence,the Immigrantsgoelsewhere.Whydid nottheLegislaturepaysomeattention tothewantsandrequirementsofthe poorintheirmidst,andbytheir liberalityenabletheManagersofthe Orphanagestocarrythemonstillmore successfullyandbeneficiallytothe Colony?Arenotthechildrenwhoare reved,trained,andeducatedhere,much morelikelytobecomeusefulcolonists, thanImmigrantsfromanypartofthe world?Aretheynotattachedtothe soil? Western,',Australiaistheir .home:: hcivreter,widelydifferent w#htheImmigrant-the.Immigrant! ha66eachatkliction.Yet,whathas our'Govippref3nt:docctoassistprivate charityas.fit_our9rphana,ges? ithinIntelynothing..WhatisElfilitT
MIMEperdiemtohouse,feed,clothe andeducateachild?TheLegislature couldvotethousandsforImmigrants, butthey-could'notvoteanaddition tothedailystipendgrantedtotheir ownOrphanchildren,andWhoare undoubtedlycalculatedtomakethe bestandmostpracticalofcolonists. Lowasistheestimatewehaveformed ofthepresentLegislativeCouncil, wehadhopedthatself-interestalone wouldhavepromptedthemtohave donesomethingfortheirownpoor,and iftheycouldhavebroughtthemselves tobelieve,albeitthecorrespondence beforethem,thattheOrphanswerenot, entitledtoMedicineandMedical attendancefree,theywould,atthe veryleast,haveaddedtothemiserable dailypittancenowdoledoutfortheir maintenanceandsupport.Agenerous regardforthewantsandclaimsofthe poorisatruetestofenlightenment,and hadtheLegislativeCouncilmanifested onesparkofphilanthropytheywould notonlyhavedonewillinglyandcheerfullywhatwehavesuggested,butthey wouldhaveshrankfromdoinganact whichhasvirtuallydeprivedthe Orphanagesofsuchvaluableassistance asFREEMEDICINEANDMEDICAL ATTENDANCE.
TheColonialSurgeontotheHonourable TheColonialSecretary. ColonialHospital,3rdMay,1875. Stu,-ReferringtoaconversationIhad withyousomefewdayssincerelativetothe Orphanages,ProtestantandRomanCatholic, inthecourseofwhichIstatedasmyopinion thatthechildreninthoseOrphanageswere notentitledtomyattendanceasColonial Surgeon,nortothemedicinesfromthe ColonialHospital,anopinioninwhichyou concurred,Iagainhavethehonortoaddress youwiththeviewofbringingthesubject beforethenoticeofHisExcellencyThe Governor. Asfarasthemedicalcareofthechildren isconcerned,itwouldappearthattheManagersoftheOrphanagesregardtheminthe lightofl'aupers,boththosetheytakefrom theHome,andforwhomtheyreceiveadaily allowance,andalsothosewhomaybesent therefromallpartsoftheColony,andas suchtheyconsiderthementitledto attendanceandmedicineprovidedbythe Goverument. Itisverytruethatsomeofthosechildren, ifnotintheOrphanages,wouldbePaupers andtreatedassuch.Itthereforebecomesa questionwhether,asinmatesofaCharitable Institution,theyarestillchargeable,asfar astheirmedicalattendanceisconcerned,on theGovernment,orwhethersuchtreatment mustbe regarded asoneofitsincidental expenses. havehithertoattendedthe childrenofbothOrphanages,andwouldin thecauseofcharitycontinuetodoso.I havealsoconcededtheirclaimformedicine fromthePublicStores,but1wouldbegtobe informedwhetheranyoftheChildrenofthe ProtestantandRomanCatholicOrphanages haveanyclaimtomyservicesasColonial Surgeon,andwhetherIamjustifiedin havingtheirmedicinesdispensedfromthe ColonialHospital. Ihave,&cc., ALFREDR.WAYLEN,M.D., ColonialSurgeon.
TheHon.TheColonialSecretary.
MinutebyHisExcellencyTheGovernoron theaboveletter. 1ateofopinionthattheinmatesof CharitableInstitutions,suchasthosereferred tointhisletter,arenot,strictlyspeaking, entitledtothegratuitousattendanceofthe ColonialSurgeon,ortomedicinesfromthe ColonialHospital.AtthesametimeIhave nowishtomakeanychangeasregardstheir beingsuppliedwithmedicinesjustatpresent, andateglad.tohearthatDr.Waylenproposes tocontinuehisattendance,asanactof charity,asheretofore.
W.C.F.R.7-5-75. Hon.ColonialSecretary. TheColonialSurgeon. ReferredtotheColonialSurgeon,forhis perusalandinformation. Oar.BURT,Priv.Secy.4-8-75. Readandreturned.ALFREDR.WAYLEN, M.D.,Col.Surg.5Aug., TheVeryReverendM.GibneytothePrivate Secretary. Perth,May19th,1875. havethehonortorequestthatHis ExcellencyTheGovernorwillbepleasedto receiveadeputationfromtheManagersof theRomanCatholicBoys'andGirls' Orphanages,inreferencetoaletterreceived fromtheColonialSurgeon(dated10thMay, 1876,andenclosedherewith),inwhich medicineandmedicalattendancebythe ColonialSurgeonishenceforthrefused.The deputationaredesirousofexplainingtoHis Excellency'thetermsoftheverbalagreement enteredintobytheManagingCommittee andthelateGovernorHampton,whenthe orphanchild:Lenweretransferredtothe chargeoftheSistersofMercy,Perth,and WhichisreferredtointheColonialSecretary'sletterNo48,1189ofthe17thFebruary, 1868.
Ihave,ke..
M.GIBBEY,V.G., CertifiedManager. ThePrivateSeeretazy,eke.,Ice.,doe.,Perth.
vie:AreawaytatLosoner.:the !.RipereaBsifisji tbeemmeniHituit4Perth,tthlane,lh75. i:StrDataLoanBreitoP,-1havecarefully eflueitlerlidItheguption*lickwir.ilrogght beforemerecently iforoipand theManagers tieRomanCatholic Orphanage.t bactinined official re...Jowlsbearingonthetitbit:et,and'instated it-fullywiththelatesadpresent,Ooleskial Surgeons;andIhavecometotheconclusion thatIshouldnotbejustifiedinreversingthe decisionatwhichIarrivedonthe7thMay halt,andinconsequenceofwhichDr.Waylen addressedtotheSistersofMercyhisnoteof theIllthMay. Dr.Fergusonisveryclearonthepoint thatheneverreceivedanyinstructionswhateverfromGovernorHamptontoregard Attendanceonthechildrentransferredtothe Orphanagesaspastofhisofficialduty. Practicallyhedidattendthemnowand then,andsuppliedthemoccasionallywith medicines,buthedidsofromthefirstasan actofkindnessandnotofduty;andI understandthatatonetineanotherpractitionerofthistownwasemployedasthe medicalattendantoftheProtestantOrphanage,andpaidbythatinstitutionassuch. Ifeelthatunderthesecircumstancesit wouldbeimpossibleformetoimposeonDr. Waylenadutywhichwasnotrequiredofhis predecessor,especiallyasattendanceon institution'sofasimilarcharacterisnowhere regardedasoneoftheColonialSurgeon's duties;butIhavenopresentintentionof denyingmedicinesfromtheHospitaltothe childrenreferredtointhecorrespondence, andDr.Wayleninformsmethatitishis intentiontoattendthemasanactofkindnessasheretofore. Iremain,&c..
WILLIAMC.F.ROBINSON.
TheRightReverendtheLordBishopGriver, Perth.
ThyRightReverendBishopGravertoHas ExcellencyTheGovernor. EpiscopalResidence,Perth,17thJune1875.
MYDEARGOVERNOR.-Havingreceived yourkindletterofthe7thinstant.Iplaced itbeforetheManagersoftheOrphanages, andeveryoneofthemaswellasmyself regrettedexceedinglythatYourExcellency cametotheconclusionofnotbeingjustified inreversingthedecisionconveyedbyDr. WaylentotheSistersofMercy,andthrough thatchanneltotheManagersoftheOrphanages(i.e.).thatitwasdecidedthatthe orphanchildrenwerenotentitledtoDr. Waylen'sattendanceasColonialSurgeon,nor toMedicinefromtheColonialHospital.
.requestiagthe.tretiSteriiat femaleorphanchildrenlienteesinmate If ofthePerthPoorouile,'461.Eir oftheSteersorMorey,roitt.i,:,-Ep,,! Wetheundersignedsoleetnlystun:,incenOt declareasfollows1- - -;e.
Thatonthe.2nddayof.'Jantieiy:168', waitedition'fitsExcelleMyr-verpdr HaSapten,withtYviewelfarsatoingi(Srthe tttstaderdrthefemaleorphanchiktren,or other.children,theninmate,pfthePoor House,tothechargeoftheSistersofMercy. Perth.
ThatinconsultingwithGovernerHampton astothetermsonwhichsuch,transfer shouldbemade,itwasagreedbetweenHis ExcellencyGovernorHamptonandourselves that,intakingthechildrenfrenxthe.Pair House,theGovernmentwouldonlybe relievedofthecuetofsupervisingand erectingbuildingsfortheaccommodationof thesaidPoorHousechildren,oranyother PoorHousechildrenthatmightbe transferred.
Thatwhenthechildrentransferredtothe SistersofMercywereinmatesofthePoem House,Medicalattendancewasgiven,and MedicinefromtheColonialHospitalsentto theRaidchildren.
ThattheGovernment.whenthetransfer ofthePoorHousechildrenwasoriginally made,wereonlyrelievedofthecostof supervisionandofthefurthercostoferecting buildings;MedicinearidMedicalattendance onthepartoftheGovernmentwasincluded intheoriginalcompactorverbalagreement madewithHisExcellencyGovernor Hampton.
Thatduringourinterview'withHis ExcellencyGovernorHampton,His ExcellencyassuredtheDeputationthat,if theexperimentprovedasuccess,asHis Excellencybelieveditwouldprove,His Excellencywouldbepreparedlorecommend theGovernmenttograntasum,outof publicfunds,towardstheerectionofbuildings fortheaccommodationoftheorphans,and furtherthatHisExcellencywouldleavea minutetothateffectonrecordinhieoffice.
Wemakethisdeclarationconscientiously believingthesametobetrue,andbecause norecordoftheinterviewwithGovernor HamptonistobefoundintheGovernor's office.andfurtherbecauseitisnowsoughtto maintainthatMedicineandMedicalattendanceshouldnotbegiventotheorphan childrenasheretofore.andaswasdoneasif thesaidchildrenhadbeenstillinmatesof thePoorHouse.
DeclaredatPerth,this14thdayofJune, 1875.-MartinGriver,BishopofPerth.M. Gibney,V.G.,B.Smith,T.Farrelly,J.T. Reilly.
TheDeputationthatwaitedupon GovernorHampton,someofwhomnowtake anactivepartinthemanagementofthe orphanages,feelsostronglyonthispoint,and aresoconvincedofwhatGovernorHampton intended.thatIhavebeenrequestedto forwardherewithtoYourExcellencytheir srlernrideclarationofwhattranspiredduring theirinterviewwithGovernorHainjton. ItmaybequitetruethatDr.Ferguson &realer"neverreceivedanyins'uctions whateverfromGovernorHamptontoregard attendanceonthechildrentransferredtothe orphanagesaspartofhisofficialduty;"yet. thefactremainsthatDr.Fergusonandhis successorsdidattendontheorphanchildren whencalleduponsotodoandnowforthe firsttimeitisassertedthatitwasdoneso fromthefirstasanactofkindnessandnot ofduty.Iwouldask,andthisisimportant, GovernorHamptonevergiveany instructions.whatever,onthequestionnow atissue,toDr.Ferguson? Wasthesubject medicineandmedicalattendanceeven mootedtoDr.FergusonbyGovernor Hampton? AstowhattheProtestantOrphanage Managersmayhavedoneinregardto medicineandmedicalattendance,ithas, allowmetosay,nobearingonthematter submittedtoYourExcellency.TheestablishingoforphanagesinthisColonyoriginated withmyselfandothermembersofmyflock. WemadeanagreementwithGovernor Hamptonthetermsofthatagreementare nowbeforeYourExcellencyintheformofa solemndeclaration,andthatdeclaration cannotbegainsaid. WhatthedutiesoftheColonialSurgeon maybeIcannotsay;butourorphanages mustnotbelookeduponasofasimilar characteraselsewhere." Theorphan childrenweretakenbymefromthe"Poor House"aftertheGovernmentagreedtothe transferonthetermscontainedinthe declarationenclosed.Theorphanagesin thiscolonyareofanexceptionalcharacter theyaretheworkoftheGovernmentaided byprivatecharity,butstillnotsolelythe workofprivatecharity. Iwouldmyselfbeoneoftheveryfirstto thanktheColonialSurgeon,aridIevennow doso,forhisservicesrenderedtotheorphan children,butonlynowwasImadeaware thattheColonialSurgeonhadbeengiving hisservicesgratuitously.
IsincerelythankYourExcellencyforthe kindandconsideratemannerinwhichyou haveconveyedtomeyourdecision;andI stillentertainahope,thatwiththesefacts beforeyou,YourExcellencywillbesogood astoreconsiderthissubject,andseewhether youmaybejustifiedinreversingyourformer decision, Iremain.&c., MARTINGAITER. BishopofPerth.
ToHisExcellencyGovernorWilliamRobinson,&c.,Arc&c.,Perth.
[Enclosure.]
DECLARATIONofthemembersofthe DeputationwhoawaiteduponGovernor Hamptononthe2nddayofJanuary,
'eInmates beingnoteallsfiedwiththe the ,andwritten nidehatrd--whichkerns nelfig;Isuid,eirifore"1iiegtoforward atoo,ofitto"YourlitihIlencyforyour kindconsideration.Ifullyendorsethe sentimentsconveyedtherein,andhopeyou willseethereasonablenessoftheirconclusion. Yourstruly, MARTINGRIVER, BishopofPerth. HisExcellencyGovernorRobinson,&c.,&c., &c.,Perth.
[Enclosure.] CatholicOrphanage,Perth,24thAug.,1875, MYLoate-WehavethehonortoacknowledgethereceiptofYourLordship'smemorandumofthe23rdinstant,submittingfor ourinformationaletterfromHisExcellency theGovernor,conveyingtoYourLordship theresultofthedeliberationsofHisExcellencyandhisExecutiveCounciluponthe DeclarationforwardedinYourLordship's letterofthe17thJune. Weregrettolearnthatitisconsidered "theDeclarationforwardedbyYourLord(shipistoshowthatgratuitousMedical attendanceandMedicineswerepromisedby GovernorHampton"toourOrphanages. Havingtheutmostconfidenceintirejustice andreasonablenessofourclaim,wecannot butconcludethatthecauseofthisfailure liesintheincompletenessoftheDeclaration itself,ratherthanintheweaknessofthe caseitwasintendedtosupport.Wethereforeconsiderthatwewouldbewantingin ourdutytotheInstitutionswerepresent,did wenoturgeuponYourLordshipthenecessityofsubmittingfortheGovernor'sfurther considerationthesupplementaryremarks embodiedinthisletter.
ordinarycircumstanceshave.Beveledthe officialcoricieetien:betweeki'theMortin chargeofthePoorHouseand'thechit/heir traits/leered.butthetransferbeingonly elpirlisenttal,theGovernor reeerted LbdiatiOillleeracontinuationofhis..Supervition$iandnaturallyhissed(histrnitiensto that.effect.ThechildrenWhigettitledto MedicalattendanceinthePoorHowie,of whiskpeiviiegerthetransferdidnotdeprive themit-mayfairlybeassaciedthatthe Governordidtiltdeemitnetesdarytolasiie instructionstotheColonialSurgeonrespectingadittyOfwhichthatOfficerhadnotbeen relieved. Inthesecircumstances,evenifitbenow decided'thatattendanceupontheinmates ofourOrphanagesbenolongeradutyappertainingtotheOfficeofColonialSurgeon,we respectfullysubmit,thatsuchdecision wouldinnowayweakenourclaimonbehalf oftheOphanageetoMedicalattendanceand Medicines.norrelievetheGovernmentfrom itsresponsibilitytoprovidethem. Wehave,&c., M.GIBNEY,V.G.,Chairman.J.T.REILLY, J.A.LUCAS,C.O'MAHONY,HonSec. TheRightRev.M.Griver,LordBishopof Perth,Ste.,&c.,&c.
[Sub-enclosure1.]
Weise's:rueAUSTRALIA.
No.48,339.
ColonialSecretary'sOffice,Perth,17thFeb., 1868. SIR,-Ihavethehonortoacknowledge yourletterofthe4thinstant,statingforthe informationofHisExcellencyThe,Governor thattheSister'sofMercyarepreparedtotake intotheirpremisesthefemalechildrenofthe RomanCatholicFaithnowinthePerthPoor House,inaccordancewiththetermsverbally agreedonbyHisExcellencyandadeputationofgentlementhatwaitedonhimonthe 2ndultimo.
HisExcellencyTheGovernortotheRight ReverendBishopGriver. GovernmentHouse,Perth,24thJuly,1875.
MyDEARLoan dulyreceived andhavecarefullyconsideredinCouncil yourletterofthe17thJune,withreference furthertothequestionofthedutiesofthe ColonialSurgeoninrelationtothe Orphanages.
Iplacedthewholecorrespondencebefore lilyCouncil,andthefollowingistheresultof ourdeliberations WethinkthattheDeclarationforwarded byyourLordshipfailstoshowthat.gratuitous MedicalattendanceandMedicineswere promisedbyGovernorHampton.Youstate thatitwasagreedbetweenGovernorHampton andyourselvesthatintakingthechildren fromthePoorHousetheGovernmentwould onlyberelievedofthecostofsupervising anderectingbuildingsfortheiraccommodation,andyouinferthatinasmuchasthe childrenwheninmatesofthePoorHouse wereattendedbytheColonialSurgeonand suppliedwithMedicinesattheGovernment expense,theycarriedthoseprivilegeswith themwhentransferredtotheSistersof Mercy.Againstthisinferencehastobe placedthedistinctstatementofthelate ColonialSurgeonthathereceivedno instructionstocontinuetovisitthechildren afterthetransfer,andthatconsequentlyhe considereditnopartofhisofficialdutytodo so;andthefactthatGovernorHampton,the mostcarefulandpreciseofofficials,left nothingonrecordonthesubject. Youask"DidGovernorHamptonever giveanyinstructionswhateveronthequestion nowatissuetoDr.Ferguson1"Theanswer is-Nobutbegavefullinstructionsonall otherpointsrelatingtothetransfer,and speciallyreservedtotheColonialSurgeon therighttovisitthechildreninthe orphanagesonbehalfoftheGovernmentat anytime,areservationwhichwouldhave beenwhollyunncessaryhaditbeenhis intentiontoregardthosechildrenaspatients oftheColonialSurgeonforalltimeto come. Underthesecircnmstances.Icannotdoubt andtheExecutiveCouncilunanimously concurintheopinion,thatmydutyrequires metoadheretothedecisionwhichIhave alreadycommunicatedtoyourLordship. Thedutytomeisanunpleasantone,forI wouldgladlyhavegivenyoutheproofofmy interestinthewelfareoftheorphanages whichwouldbeimpliedbyacompliance withyourLordship'srequestbutIcannot allowmyselftodosoattheexpenseci imposingonapublicservantdutieswhichhe hasnotheretoforebeenofficiallyrequiredto perform,andwhichdonotstrictlyspeaking inanywayappertaintohisoffice. Iremain,&c., WILLIAMC.F.ROBINSON.
Itismuchtobedeploredthatnorecordof theagreementbetweenGovernorHampton andourselvescanbefound,andfully endorsing,aswedo,theestimateofhis characterasthemostcarefulandpreciseof officials,wefeelalmostconfidentthata carefulexaminationoftherecord:ofthe ColonialSecretary'sOffice,towhichDepartmentthegeneraldutiesofthetransferofthe Orphansandallbusinessrelatingthereto appearstohavebeenconfined,wouldbring tolightsomedocumentthatwouldredeem GovernorHampton'sverbalpromiseand fullyestablishourposition.Buteveninthe absenceofsuchadocumentwerespectfully maintainthat,inthetestimonyofthoseto whomthatverbalpromisewasmade,andin theofficialcorrespondenceactuallyinexistence,thereissufficientevidenceofGovernor Hampton'sintentions,andofthevalidity ofourclaimforMedicalattendanceand MedicineforourOrphanages,tojustifya furtherreconsiderationofourpresent Governor'srecentdecision.
Thereare,atpresent.ninefemalechildren oftheRomanCatholicFaithinthel'oor House.andIaminstructedtoinformyou thatMr.Ferguson.theOfficerinchargeof thatEstablishment,hasbeeninstructedto handthemovertothechargeoftheSisters ofMercy,atPerth,andanallowanceatthe rateofeightpeneeperdiemforeachchild willbepaidfortheirmaintenanceand clothing.suchsumbeingslightlyinexcessof thecostforsuchpurposeshitherto. Abedandpairofsheetswillbegivenwith eachchild,anditistobeclearlyunderstood thatMrFerguson.astheofficerinchargeof thePoorHouse,istovisitthechildrenas oftenasheseesfit. Ihave.&c., FRED.P.BARLEE. TheVeryRev.H.Griver,Perth.
[Sub-enclosure2.] IVIiLiTERNAUSTRALIA.
TheRightReverendTheLordBishopGriver, Perth. TheRightReverendBishopGraver.toHis ExcellencyTheGovernor. EpiscopalResidence,Perth,27thAugust,1875. MYMLLEGOvenNen,-Haviijreceived yourletterofthe24thJuly,Iormedthe
Intheletternowbeeoreusitiscorrectly stated"thatintakingthechildrenfromthe "PoorHouse,theGovermentwouldonlybe "relievedfromthecostofsupervisingand "erectingbuildingsfortheiraccommodation," andthatweinferthatwhateverprivileges thechildrenpossessedasinmatesofthat Institution,theycarriedwiththemwhen transferredtotheOrphanages.TheagreementbetweenGovernorHamptonandourEntreewasthereforeincomprehensiveand generaltermstheGovernordidnotdescend todetail,norwasitnecessary.Inagreeing tothetransferhegrantedalltherequirementsandprivilegespossessedinthePoor Homewhichhedidnotexcept.This inferenceisfullysupportedbythecorrespondencewiththeColonialSecretary's Department[No.48,365,3rdMarch,1868,*] whenaquestionofdetailactuallyarose bedsteadswereappliedforandinthe absenceoftheGovernorrefused.Uponhis returnthepresentcertifiedManagerofthe OrphanageswaitedupontheGovernorto remindHisExcellencyofhispromisethat theOrphanChildrenweretoreceivewhatevertheywereallowedinthePoorHowie. "Havetheybadbedsteadsandbeddingin thePoorHouse,"heinquired,"iftheyhad youmusthavethem,"andthesamedayan order[No.48,393,14thMarch,1868,t]was issuedfortheirsupply.Hadthesame questionarisenastoMedicalattendanceand Medicine,therecanbenoreasonabledoubt itwouldhaveelicitedasimilarreply.As bedsandbeddingwerefurnishedthemin thePoorHouse,theOrphanswereentitled tothentintheOrphanagesasMedical attendanceandMedicinesweresupplied theminthePoorHouse,theywerealso entitledtothoseprivilegesintheOrphanages. Inotherwords,theGovernorhadnot exceptedbedsandbedding,thereforehe grantedthemhehadnotacceptedMedical attendanceandMedicines,thereforehe grantedthemalso.Anduntilrecentlythe GovernmentandtheColonialSurgeonhave practicallyadmittedthecorrectness.ofthis ourviewofthecase. Itroustfartherbeborneinmindthatat thedateofthetransferofthechildrentoour OrphinagestMr.Fergusonwaseatinginthe dualcapacityofColonialSurgeonand:Officer inChargeofthePoorHouserAreference totheletterauthorisingthetransfer,[No. 48,339,17thFebruary,18684]inwhichitis etated,'itistobedearlyunderstoodthat "Mr.Ferguson,astheOfficerinchargeofthe "PoorHouse,istovisitthechildrenasoften "asheseesfit,"clearlyprovesthatthis reservationappliedtoSIr.Fergusonasthe OfficerinchargeofthePoorHouse,andnot asColonialSurgeon.Thetransferwouldin
*No.48,365. ColonialSecretary'sOffice,Perth,3rdMarch, 1868. SIN-IamdirectedbyHisExcellency TheGovernortoacknowledgeyourletterof the26thultimo,statingthatanapplication totheOfficerinchargeofthePourHoii,e forthecotsorbeadsteadsfortheuseofthe childrentransferredtothecareoftheSisters ofMercywasunsuccessful,andrequesting thatHisExcellencywouldissueinstructions forthemtobesupplied,asitwasunderstood byyouandthemembersofthedeputation whowaitedonHisExcellencythateverythingnecessaryforthechildren'sdormitory shouldbefurnishedbytheGovernment. HisExcellencyinstructsmetostatethat alltheverbalpromisesmadetoyouandthe deputationthataccompaniedyouhavebeen carriedout;thebedsteadsaskedforcannot besupplied.
Ihave,&c., FRED.P.BARLEE.
TheVeryReverendM.Griver,Perth.
[Sub-enclosure3.] WESTERNAUSTRALIA.
fNo.48,393.
ColonialSecretary'sOffice,Perth,14th March,1868.
SIB,-Referringtomyletterofthe3rd instant,No.48,365,statingthatthebedsteads usedbythefemalechildrenatthePoor House,latelytransferredtothecareofthe SistersofMercy,couldnotbesupplied,Iam nowinstructedbyHisExcellencyThe Governortostatethatitwashisintentionto handtotheSistersofMercythefurniture usedinthechildren'sdormitory,andthat directionshavenowbeenissuedtotheOfficer inchargeofthePoorHousetosupplysix bedsteadsinadditiontothebeddingalready furnished.
Ihave,&c., FRED.P.BARLEE. TheVeryReverendM.Griver,Perth. HisExcellencyTheGovernortotheRight ReverendBishopGriver. GovernmentHouse.Perth,17thOctober,1875.
MYDEARLORDBISHOP.-Theletterwhich accompaniedYourLordship'snoteofthe27th August,hasbeencarefullyconsidered. Forthereasonsalreadystated,itwouldbe impossibleformetorequiretheColonial Surgeontoundertakewithoutextrapaya dutywhichinnowayappertainstohisof andwhichneitherthelatenorthepresent ColonialSurgeonwereeverdirectedto regard,oreverdidregard,asapartoftheir official"duties. Theclaimoftheorphanagestogratuitous medicalattendanceendmedicinesisanother thing.IftheLegislativeCouncil,towhich, ifyouwishit,IIwillaumitthecorrespondence,considersthatthepromisewhich themanagersoftheRomanCatholic Orphanagebelievetohavebeenmadeby GovernorHamptonentitlesthoseinstitutions tomedicalattendanceandmedicinesatthe publicexpense,,Ishallcertainlyplaceno
eleitnelesihithewayoftheiriseeisiterthen3qsaeOetsarig66,4tifi;4661%4 tOria,7164regrettoatliVbfri.areIIR ,my49004,outofwhishsuFh ' ''BeEeVe,me, y E WILLIAMaF,ROBINSON. WhellitighitReverendBishop°rivet-Perth. FikiefrkgnisorryYou!!letterhasreintined tioilpngliunansweredbphfer,reasonswith whicht'neednotRoubleyOu,tthoughtit adrisabletoletthequestionstandoverfora shorttime.
W.C.F.R. TheRightReverendBishopGrivertoIlls ExcellencyTheGovernor. EpiscopalResidence,Perth,27thNovember, 1875. MrDRABGovearten,-Havingreceived yourletter,datedOctober,inreferencetothe claimformedicalattendanceandmedicines to-theRomanCatholicOrphanages,Isubmittedittothecertifiedmanagerandhis colleagues. BeingthankfulforYourExcellency'skind proposalofsubmitting,ifwewishit,the correspondencetotheLegislativeCouncil,at therequestmadetomebythesaidmanagers inaletter,acopyofwhich1begtoenclose, 1respectfullyaskYourExcellencytobe pleasedtohavethecorrespondenceonthis subjectprintedinitsentirety,andplaced beforetheLegislativeCouncil.
1am,&c., MARTINGRIVER, BishopofPerth. HisExcellencyTheGovernor.
[Enclosure.] Perth,WesternAustralia,November26th, 1875. MYLoan,-Wehaveyourfavorofthis day'sdate,enclosingHisExcellencyThe Governor'sreplytoourcommunicationofthe 27thofAugustlast. Confidentasweareinthejusticeofour claimforgratuitousmedicalattendanceand medicinesforourorphanages,wewould respectfullyaskYourtoolShiptorequestthis Excellencytobepleasedtohavethecorrespondenceonthissubjectprintedinits entiretyandplacedbeforetheLegislative Council. Wehaveeveryreasontoanticipatea favorabledecision. Wehave,&c., M.GinsEy.V.G.,J.T.REILLY,J.A. 1.ucAs.ManagersofOrphanages.
TheHightlte,erendM.Griver,Cc..:cc.,Sze.. Perth.
WHArSINANAME?
of41544iAiStri47, crisl bistitUfe-in'ivtiO15 itetili eoionlatOfficebas' as'tofind'than' '1..e His.Et thiAld"p titutethepowersentrustedlolabitt pantiet;topretensionsland"itiainisses whichhemnit-despise,-:Morsover,a schoolwhichwouldtendtothecreation ofanartificialdistinctionbetween classes,'notnaturallydistinct,wouldIxe theverythingwhichanyoneembed withthehigherinstinctsoftheage woulddeprecate.Oneofthegreat featuresofmoderneducationistounite societybyrecognizingamongstboys nodistinctionsofrank,evenwheresuch distinctionsexist.Buttocreate artificialdistinctionswhereallare virtuallyofoneclass-tosaynothing ofthegeneralexistenceofafeelingof independence-wouldbetofosterbitter antipathiesandsowtheseedsofconsequencesthemostundesirable.Again, unlessthereweresomedisablingclause totheeffectthattheschoolwasopen onlytotheeonsofthosewhohadbeen inindependentcircumstancesforat leasttwogenerations;therewouldbe nothingtokeepoutthesonofaman intheverycommonestiiectipationany morethanthesonofthemostsuperb official,while,tothislatterclass,the sonsofrichcitizenswouldbeinfinitely moreobnoxiousthanthesonsofsimple labourers.Anymanwhostandson hisgentilitywouldfarsoonerseehis boyassociatewiththesonofhis gardiner,thanwiththeyounghopeful ofsomerichtradesmanwhomightbe expectedtopresumeuponhiswealth. Theproposedschoolthereforemustbe intendedtoteachsomethingwhichis nottaughtintheLowerGovernment Schools.What,then,isittoteach?
THEnewStateSchoolproposedtobe establishedbytheGovernmentis designateda"HighSchool."What, weask,isthenatureoftheSchoolso designated,or,inotherwords,whatis tobetaughtinit?Initscommon acceptation,a"HighSchool"isthe upperoftwoboys'schools,andtakes uptheeducationoftheboysatthe pointatwhichitisleftbytheLower School.Inthedayswhentherewas thoughttobesomemysteriousvirtue inLatinandGreekandwheneventhe miserablesmatteringofthoselanguages attainablebyaschoolboywasregarded asmorethananequivalentforignorance ofeverythingelse,andtheexpenditure ofmanyhundredsofpounds,itmeant aschoolinwhichtheyoungpeople, whomMr.RANDELLandMr.SonEns denominate"youth,"weretaughtas muchofthesedisusedlanguagesas wouldenablethemtoenteraUniversity. SuchaSchoolasthiscanscarcelybe contemplatedhere.GovernorROBINSONcertainlyseemedtohavesomesuch schoolinviewwhenherecommended theproposedHighSchooltothe Council,but,onreflection,HisExcellencycouldnotfailtoseethatsucha schoolinthiscolonywouldbewholly outofplace,orcouldbeonlycarried outinamodifiedform.Butwhat, then,isthisnewStateSchooltoteach? Itis,ofcourse,toteachsomething whichisnottaughtintheLower Schools.Ithasbeensaid,asweare aware,thatthissecondschoolwas institutedinordertoenablefamiliesin theGovernmentHousecircle,anda fewrichoutsiderstowhomitispolitic topaycourt,tohaveaschooltothemselves.Butthisisanideawhichitis asimpossibletoentertainseriouslyas tosupposethatsuchaschoolwas wantedasapreparationfortheUniversity.Toapersonviewingthecolony fromHisExcellency'sstandpoint,there wouldappeartobeonlyoneclassof personsinit-theworkingclass-the individualsofwhichweredistinguished theonefromtheotherasthesuccessful andunsuccessful.Thecolonists,no doubt,seeaninfinitenumberofdistinctionsamongthemselves,butamanof realrankandpositionwouldseenotthe slightestdifferencebetweenthem, exceptintheircircumstances.Itis equallyoutofthequestionthatforthe
to. 'tiNfkisisot*,Atiltto'very /14inawlehasinstitutions oCikia.stdottneeddescriptionhavebeen Wheelerfennelto.requirefor,their suchplacesitsLondon,Berlin, lyquliPte,evemustreallybepardoned terisubtingtheirnecessityoreven poosibiiityinsuchaplaceasSwan Rivet.If,ontheotherhand,thisnew StateSchoolistoteachnothingnew butonlywhatistaughtalreadyinthe PerthLowerSchools,withtheaddition OfsmiserablesmatteringofLatin andGreek-answeringtotheBerlin wool-workinafashionableyoungladies academy-totheneglectofthingsof morepracticalutility,weprotestagainst it,notonlyonthegroundthatitignores religion,butbecauseitisamerepretentioussham,isfortheadvantageofone particulartown,isavailableforonlya partofthiscommunity,andisnota subjectforStateaidiuthepresent conditionoftheColony.
TILEPUBLICPRESSON HIGHEREDUCATION.
ThePerthLowerSchools-aswe supposewemustnowcallthe establishedinstitutions-professtoteach ageneralEnglisheducation,anddo teachit,astarasanyschoolswhichare notofaveryexpensivecharacterindeed couldbeexpectedtodo.Reading writing,andarithmeticare,oroughtto be,taughtthoroughly.Theseare thingswhichcanhetaughtwellina comparativelyshorttime,andthereexist themeansforteachingthem.Beyond this,theyaffordinstructioningeography, history,andmathematicsand-webeg pardonformentioningwhatisapparently consideredsourmecessary-religion.In noneofthese,exceptthelast(whichis averysimplescience)isathorough educationpossibleatSchoolThe subjectsareverylargeandrequire manyyearsofstudyaftertheattainmentofmanhoodwiththe'aidof valuablelibrariesandintercoursewith learnedmenand,thoughnotrequiring, asdotheancientLatinandGreek languages,alifetimefortheirconquest, cannotbetaughtinschools.They belongtothosebranchesoflearningof whichonemustbecontenttoacquirethe elements,orelsedevotetothem-not asboys,butasmen-yearsofpatient study.Thereisnomedium.One mustbecontentwithamereoutlineorfillupthepicture.What,then,isthis newschooltoteach?Itwereabsurdto foundaschoolwithahigh-soundingtitle atthepublicexpense,ifitisonlyto teachthethingswhicharetaughtin schoolsalreadyestablishedandwhich areknowntobewellconducted. What,then,arethesubjectsonwhich itistogiveinstruction? Latinand Greek?Toattemptsuchathingwould aswehaveshownbeanabsurdity.
TheLatinandGreekwhichalad learnsatthebestschoolsislittlemore thanamassofmistakes-whichone manintenthousandunlearnsinalife ofstudy,andwhichtherestforgetwith theirtopsandmarbles.SuchinstructionisindiscrediteveninEngland, whereithasclaimstoattentionsuchas itcanhavenowhereoutofEurope. What,else,then,isthereforthisschool todo?'Theonlythingitcandowillbe toaffordinstructioninlivinglanguages, orelsetogiveatechnicalEducation consistingofinstructioninEngineering, Chemistry,Medicine,Law,Painting, Music,orotherbranches'ofartand science.Well-suchthingsarevery useful,andifthenewschoolcangive instructionthatisworthhavingonsuch subjects,'andthereare:a'sufficient nutdberof-classestoprivy'forthe
ONnomeasureintroducedbythe GovernmentofthisColonyhasthe PublicPressbeensoout-spokenandso decidedinopinionasithasbeenon thequestionofHigherEducation.The Presshasbeenunanimousincondeming theproposedschemeofHigherEducation,andtheopinionsofthepeople,as expressedbythewholePressofthe Colony,shouldhavereceiveddue attentionfromourRulers.Despite, however,thewholesalecondemnation oftheplanofHigherEducation,as propoundedbyHisExcellencythe GOVERNOR,-bytheorgansofpublic opinion,-themeasurewassubmittedto theLegislativeCouncilandcarriedby amajorityofthree.Therewereeleven membersinfavorof,andeightagainst, theintroductionoftheBill.Itmust, however,bedistinctlyrememberedthat amongtheelevenmemberswhovoted infavoroftheGOVERNOR'Smeasure, therewerenolessthanFIVENominee Members-henceitisapparentthat publicopinionwasdecidedlyagainstthe introductionofthemeasureinquestion, anddidHisExcellencyvalueoneiota popularopinion,withsuchaquestionable majority,wouldnothaveurgedthe acceptanceoftheBillonthecountry.The nomineemembersarethecreatures oftheGovernment,infactnothing morenorlessthanmere"voting machines,"andonanyquestioninwhich thepublicfeeldeeply,theyoughtnot, infairness,tobeusedforthepurposeof overridingpopularwishes.Amore sweepingcondemnationofanymeasure, onthepartofthepublicPressofthis colony,isnottobefound,andsuchan unanimityofpublicopinionmust, assuredly,havesomeweightwiththe SecretaryofState,andwillcausehim topauseerehegivesthemeasurehis sanction.Weappendheretoarticleson theHigherEducationschemefromthe Herald,W.A.Times,andinquirer, fromwhichitwillbeseenthatthe planisdenouncedasprematureand unpopularintheextreme.ThePress haseverbeenthepreserveranddefender ofthelibertiesofthepeople,andthe PressofWesternAustraliahasnever dischargeditsdutiessoably,independently,andunanimouslyasithas doneindenouncingtheproposedscheme ofHigherEducation.Wearepleased tonoticethatapublicMeetinghasbeen convenedforthepurposeofreceiving andadoptingaMemorialtotheSecretaryofStateprayingHerMajesty's Governmentnottogiveitssanctionto theproposed1101toestablishHigher EducationinthisColonyonpurely secularprinciples.Consideringthe markedexpressionofpublicopinion onthisquestion,itmaybereasonably hopedthatiftheprayerofthePetition isnotaccededto,still,-liketheproposalforResponsibleGovernment,-its adoptionmaybedeferred-indefinitely.
*eminentfeatere'iditsIpeepieant:it-ender pheutsopepuliarlyfitted,follelf-gtivepitnent, herecognisestheproles:6,0falargeHumber ofperilouswhorequireaUniversityeducationfortheirsons,asanintroductiontothe Church,theArmy,theBar,ortheSenate oranelegantindependence-andsolargea class,astojustifytheGovernmentPinstitutingaclassicalschoolfortheiraecomodationatthepublicexpenseYet,whatis thetruth?Howmanypersonsaretherein thecolonywhoareinapositiontosend theirsonstoanEnglishUniversity?How manyaretherewhocanaffordtospenda thousandorfifteenhundredpoundsin sendingoneoftheirsonsforthreeorfour yearstoOxfordorCambridge,orwould caretospend'thatsumforthesortofsocial advantagewhichauniversityeducation confers?HisExcellencyhasadirectoryof thecolonyonhistable-howmanynames canhefindinitofpersonsofthesocial positionandrequirements,whichvaguely floatbeforehisimagination?Canhefind half-a-dozen?Itisasmuchasliecan-and thesehalf-dozendonotwantassistanceand wouldnotavailthemselvesofit,ifitwas offeredthem.Theyarerichenoughtodo withoutit,and,iftheychoosetosendany oftheirsonstoanEnglishUniversity,would sendthematoncetoanEnglishpublic school.Theywouldneverhavetheirboys preparedforanEnglishUniversityina schoolinSwanRiver.Thatthereareafew personshereandtherewhohaveanidea thattolearnLatinandGreekisaveryfine thing,isquitepossible-therearepeople ignorantenoughforanything-ignorant enoughtoseeanadvantageinwastingthe mostvaluableyearsinaman'slifetimeina sortofeducationwhichmaymakeafine youngfellowintoaprig,butwillnotgive himascrapofusefulinformationorassist himinformingthosehabitsofthoughtwhich wouldenablehimtoeducatehimself.But HisExcellencydoesnotproposeinstituting aschoolforflatteringthevanityofparents orforthemerepurposeofgivingafew youngmensuchasmatteringofLatinas wouldenablethemtounderstandthelabels inadruggist'sshopratherearlierintheir apprenticeshipthantheywouldotherwisedo -thisheseeswouldbeabsurd-theobject ofIliaExcellency'sschoolistoprepare youngmenfortheUniversity,andina populationcomposedofsuchelementsas ours,aschoolforsuchapurposeisnot wanted.Itisnotevenwantedformaking "prigs."Sothoronghlypracticalarepeople herethatwiththeexceptionofafewoldfashionedfolks,notevenanadmirationfor the"classics"wouldmakethemwishfor suchaschoolfortheirboys.Thethinghas beentried-andtriedunderthemost favorableauspices.Ithasbeentriedby BishopHale,andtriedfairly.Forthe "Bishop'sschool"-whichwastodojust whatGovernorltobinson'sistodo-the bestmasterswereobtainedthatsuchinducementsasguaranteedsalaries,andtempting collateraladvantagescouldinducetoconic, andeveryeffortwasmadebytheBishop andanumberofenergeticandinfluential friendstomaketheschoolasuccess.But itwasneverasuccessfromfirsttolast. PeoplefoundthatLatinandGreektookup agreatdealoftimetoverylittlepurpose, andpreferredsendingtheirchildrentothe GovernmentSchools,orgettingprivate tutorsforthem.Whatiswantedinacolony likethisisanEnglisheducation-general andcommercial-aneducationwhichhasa valueatoncepracticalandimmediate.If aclassicaleducationwaswanted,Bishop Hale'sschoolwouldhavemetwithsupport. IfBishopHale'sschool,notwithstandingall thepainsthathasbeentakenaboutitfor thelastfifteenyears,hasnotbeenasuccess -noschoolthatcanbesetupbythe Governmentwillbeone.And,ifsucha thingwaseverlikely,astrugglingcolony likethishasnobusinesstobetaxedforthe childrenoftheupperclasses.Butthereis nottheexcuseofitsbeingwantedbyany classinthecountry.Onecannot,Lowever, wonderattherealwantofthecolony-selfgovernment-beingdeniedbyonewhois suchameredreamerastoseebeforehis imaginationahighsocialclassrequiringa Universityeducation-aclasssolargeasto requireapubliccollegeatthepublic expense-andyetsosmallasnottojustify theadoptionofResponsibleGovernment. Andyet-0Dii-Omores1bysucharuler -sounobservant-soinconsistent-soutterly ignorantofthefhatandmostrudimental lawsofpoliticaleconomy-areweperhaps tobegoverned,absolutelyanddespotically. Truly,ifwewereattheverylowestebbfor legislatorswecoulddobetterthanthis. Inthenameofthestrugglingcommunity werepresent-inthenameofcommonsense -inthenameofconsistency-weprotest againstthefntteringawayoftherevenue ofthecolonyinsuchmeaninglessand Quixoticschemes.Butitisjustinthis waythatwealwaysmayexpecttosee moneysquanderedbyirresponsiblegovernors, iftheycanonlyhavetheirwill.Wehave perhapsasurplusrevenuesufficienttoform securityforhalfamillionoramillionof moneyand,ifweborrowedthathalfmillion ormillionweshouldhavethepublicworks itwoulderectandthemoneyitself-neither wouldgoaway.But,insteadofthis,what Fewthingscouldshowhowdifficultitisdowedo?Wefritterawayanincomethat fortheGovernorofacolonywithinafewshouldbetheguaranteeforaloanwhich monthsofhisarrivaltoacquainthimselfwouldbethefoundationofavastprosperity, withthecircumstancesoritspopulation,andinanumberofsmallsumsforsmallschemes, howcompletelyunablethepresentGovernortillallisgoneandthereisnothingtoshow ofSwanRiverhasfoundhimselftomasterforit.Weprotestagainstsuchanunthatdifficulty;thanHisExcellency'sideabusinesslikesystem-suchruinousextravathatthecolonyisunfittotakeon'itselfthegance.Forgreatworks-whichmaybe managementofitsownaffairs,andyetthat,expectedtoproducegreatresults-itis ;hereexistsinitauimperativedemandforworthwhilepayingourthirtythousandor themeansofaclassicaleducation.Whileevenoursixtythousandayear-butifthe he"Ma.failedtome,rkthatenergy,'self-colonyisnottoborrowwithaviewtodoing reliance,and4apacitywhichformsucharealbusiness,thennotatanoughttobe
111111111111.111111111MINIIIIMIL-e-w,--, hfloweaTattyoud!hatisabsolutelynecessary tocarryontheGovernmentofthecountry. Theprinciplewhichweshouldadoptin mattersoffinanceshouldbeeitherthatofa go-a-headpolicy,orapolicyofstrict economy-oneofspeculation,oroneof retrenchment.-Herald.
awaitour,qtmetitonearei?!
tion."Didyounver "aseniorwranglerwho'eillihatV Ofcoursethatbrilliantmutedtesatiraleaa afoolpositive,hurtafootwhenglete.441 positionsoppositistothose.1fr,iyhiett peculiareniinenee.hadbeengained. If,then,thestudysf tifidtire& thehighermathematicsdehot practicalvalueinitsrelationstottilad ofevery-daylife,wefiOlifrpar,this point-asindeedwefailfromalmostevery otherstandpointfront'whichtheritettoo maybeviewed-toseetheneoeseityofOtet vidingatpublicexpenseinaradinehttert Colonylikethis,ahigh-class140it,ffhtril thecurriculumofeducationA41--tor* HisExcellency-"beetlessit,sttilleientto enablethestudentstotriatrieulatettthe Universitiesinthanneightinrineeelonlea" Wouldhalf-a-dozenchildrenbeenteredat suchaschool?Wedoubtit.Isthegeneral revenueofthecolony,then,tobetaxedto theextentofsaye,150ayearforthe"higher education"ofeachofthesehalf-a-dozen youngsters,who,presumably,wouldbethe thesonsofwell-to-do,ifnotwealthyparents TheIdeaispreposterous.Wecontendthat ineducation,asinothermattersthegreatest goodofthegreatestnumberAmidhethem guidingprincipleand-that-itwouldbe impolitictomaketheintermitsofthemany subservetheinterestsofthefew.It,asHis Excellencyinformsus,the"favorable conditionandprospectsofthecolony"are suchastowarrantincreasedexpenditure inthecauseofeducation,thenbyallmeans lettheSun)availableforLidapurposebe devotedtothebetterremunerationofthe teachersofexistingschools"someofthe bestofwhom,"weareinformedinHis Excellency'sminutetotheCentralBoardof Education,"havenotonlytalkedof resigningbuthavemademovementsinthat direction."Itissurelynotcreditablethat aschoolmastershouldbepaidlessthana laborer.Carlylehassuggestedthatagood school-masteroughttobeasmachesteemed asasuccessfulgeneral.Thesuggestionis onethatwelldeservestobeponderedover, inviewoftheexistingstatusoftheteachers ofthiscolony. Perhapsthestudyoftheclassicsmaybe indispensableforasuccessfulcareerinthe learnedprofessions;but,consideringthe verysmallfractionoftimecommunitywhose ambitionwouldpermitthemtoencourage theirchildrentolookforwardtolawand medicineastheirfuturecareerofusefulness, wemaintainthattheeducationofWestern Australianyouthsistob'metbeatbya soundEnglisheducation,andnotbyany amountoftimesquanderedongerund-choppingandverse-spinninginadefunctlanguage.
Theproposaltoestablishacourseof HigherEducationinthecolonyonapurely secularfootinghasexcitedagooddealof discussionamongstvarioussectionsofthe community,anditseemsprettyevidentthat thepropositionisnotlikelytomeetwith generalapproval.Itsopponentsmaybe dividedgenerallyintotwosections.There arethosewhoscouttheideaoftherebeing anynecessityoruseatpresentinourcolony foranythingapproachingcollegiateinstitutions.Itisasserted,withaconsiderable amountoftruththatthenumberwhowould supportsuchaninstitution,wouldbesofew thatfailurewouldbeacertainty.Whilewe haveafirmbeliefinraisingthenational standardofeducationtoasagreataheight aspossible,weshouldhaveconsiderable hesitationerewesupportedtheestablishment ofclassicalcollegeshere.Firstly,because wedoubtwhetherinthemselvestheywould succeed,and,secondly,becausewedoubtour realneedofthem.Thiscolonyisanoldone inname,butvirtuallyitisinitsmerest infancy.Itscircumstancesandconditions ineverythingaredistinctfrommostother communities.Ourresources,ourwants,our institutions,andouroccupationshere,all haveapeculiarityinthemselves.Theprofessionalelementdoesnotatallaboundhere. Thedemandissosmallthatitisnottobe wonderedat.Whatthecolonychiefly requirestorearupnowisageneration, intelligent,fairlyeducated,butpractical ratherthantheoretical.Wedonotwanta raceofyouthswhocantranslatetheodesof Horace,andquoteharmoniousVirgilfrom memory.Thesemaybedesirableaccomplishments,butwewantpracticalworkers, notaccomplisheddrones.Therefore,ifwe haveanyadvanceinoureducatioral standard,letitbeinacommercial,practical, andscientificdirection.UnderanycircumstancesweholdthatinanadvancingColony, thecommercialandmathematicaleducation isthemainpointdesirable.Wehaveevery respectforthevenerableclassics,butthey willnotmaketheboneandsinewthatwe want,anymorethanbrilliantexecutionon thepiano,willevermakeafashionabledame agoodhouse-wife.Noletushavean educationthatwillrenderourrisinggenerationabletograpplewiththewantsofthe Colony,tounderstandandadvanceits interestsanditsresources.Letushave engineers,surveyors,practicalminers,and competentcommercialmen,andifsuchis possible-underthemercifulleaveof GovernorRobinsonandtheSecretaryof State-goodpoliticians. Butlosingsightofthisparamountaspect ofthequestion,therearethosewhoraise theirvetoagainsttimetermSecular.Now, whilewefeelthateverynationalorpublic styleofinstructionmustbetoacertain extentsecular,and'whilethewholebearing ofthepoliticalworldpointstothefactthat thestateandreligionaredistinctfromeach other,wethinkitratherpremature,ifnot altogetherinappropriate,toraisethis vexatiousquestionatthepresenttime.It hasbeenasorepointatalltimesandinall countries,andwhateverouropinionsmaybe, wethinkthatthereareunderexisting circumstances,measureswhichcallformore seriousandimmediateconsideration.Thereforewehopethatthismeasurewillnotbe presseduponthepublic.WesternAustralia isnotinapositiontoriskdisunionamong hercolonists.Whatevershemaynow achievecanonlybedonebyunitedaction.11'.A.Times.
Theproposedschemeforestablishing ahigh-classschoolofthecharactercontemplatedbyHisExcellencytheGovernorin hisopeningspeechis,wefear,inadvance ofthepresenteducationalrequirementsof thecolony.Forourselves,wehaveno greatfaithinexcessiveclassicalculture. Webelieveitcannothedeniedthatmost friendsofrealenlightenmenthaveheld,ttese manyyearspast,thedoctrinethatagreat dealmoretimethannecessaryiswastedin Latinverse-grindingandslavingoverGreek syntaxandprosody,atschoolswhereBritish youthsareeducated.Webelievethat YoungEngland,andstillmoresoYoung Australia,wouldprofittoafargreater extentthantheydoatpresent,iftheywere renderedproficientintheirownmother tongueandpracticalmathematics,insteadof devotingtheirtimetotheturningofdactyls andspondeesinakindofrhymtlimical lathe. Wewouldaskthoseofonr readerswhohavepartakenoftheboonsand benefitsofaclassicaleducationofwhat particularbenefithaveLatinandGreek,and thehighermathematicsbeentothegreat majorityofthem?Donineoutoftenof thosewhoreceivedwhatiscalledaclassical educationfindthecommentariesonthe Gallicwar,orthedisquisitiononoldage,or friendship,ofanyhelptotheminthepursuit ofthatmostdifficultscience-thescienceof winningtheirdailybread?Doestheability tosolveaprobleminquadraticsevercome totheirrescueinthesolutionoftheequally difficultproblemsofevery-dayhire? Does theintercourseofpious/Eraswithlovesick Dido,orthesadpartingofbraveHectorand afflictedAndromachepossesanyinterestfor themnowthattheintolerablyseverestruggle forlifehasbeenenteredupon?Dothey turnforrelaxationaftertheirday'stoilto tothewell-thumbedVirgilandHoraceof theirschooldays?DoTodhunter'sconic sectionsandBarnardSmith'sposersin inquadraticsgotorelievewhatmaybe correctlytermedthemonotonyoftheirdaily life?Wefearthattheonlyanswerswhich
rtr,,optr, ,04
44140thiiP. T.barren wt'wino,dthat Iva*aPoulPle& tgbereducationas reachofbon, theymighteach
-,Vitlps:11°°!9.141t`.1`CV°74.94 goo Artyearsapupilnow, yet,wewouldsay,ashon.members evichmt!y,cannotmanage"thuHzu Usuce.pox,"-tryasystemof"Lower 44ucption4---andtocarryoutthat eliect:.atOnceestablisha" uieutaryDebatingClub."I3ysodoipg hon,memberswouldlearnhowto speakandwhentospeak,andwhennot tospeakatall,Hon.membersshould knowthattheATHENIANS,themost accompliilhedofancientnationsacquired knowledgenotalwaysfrombooks,but fromlisteninginpublicplacestothe rhapsodiesofsomeof'theirorators. Anythingtoimprovethedebating powersofhon.memberswouldnotonly beapublicblessingbuttimegreatestof allpossiblepublicpleasures.Having alludedtothefamous"ATHENIAN orators,"perhapsoursuggestionwill notbeentirelylostonhon.members. Butwithoutfurtherdegression,we must,whilestatingthattheHigher Educationdebatewitsauniquespecimen ofdrearydismaleloquence,yetadmit thatthemonotonyofthedebatewas occasionallybrokenbysomeludicrous iecidents.Oneofthemostcharming piecesofcoolpedantry,wasthecastigationwhichonehon.gentlemanhadthe temeritytogivetonolessapersonage thantheamiableandaccomplished Scholar,ArchbishopVAUGHAN.The lion.memberinquestion,fullofconceit andtadkingaboutGreekandLatin withasmuchassuranceasifOxford hadbeenhisalmamotet-,pointed outtheinconsistencyofArchbishop VAUGHAN,andtheCatholicsofthis colony,onthequestionthenbefore theHouse,andwoundupavery longbutverygossamerspeech evidentlytotheintensesatisfactionof himself'andtothedelightofeveryone esletoo.Thereisanoldbuttrite adagewhiehlion.membersshouldnever loosesightof,anditis-"Letnotthe .shoemakergobeyondhislast."Were hon.memberstorememberthatwise maximtheywouldsparethemselves muchtime,trouble,andvexation, besidessavethemselvesforumbecoming sointenselyludicrous.
ofpeoplewhoareprovidedwith abundantreligionsministrationsof'every kind-whileoftheclasseswhichareout. sidetheordinarypaleofthechurchand chepel-guitigrworldtherevatshardlya trace.Yetthepresenceofthelatter wouldhavebeentheonlyjustification whichpaid'bepleadedtiny'the preacher'sappearanceatahallmore properlydevotedtotheholdingofTeaparties,Banquets,Balls,andNegro melodies.
Thattherearepersonswhofoundin theseservicesameansofnotunpleasantlybeguilingaleisurehouris plainenoughandsomeofthemmay probablyderiveacertainamountof spiritualcomfortfromtheexercises atwhichtheyassist,especiallyifthey belongtotheelect,orratherself= electedwhohaveconstantlyintheir minds,nottheirowndeficiencies,but thoseofotherpeopleandwhofeelthat theyareratherreflectorstodisseminate andaddtothebrightnessofthelight, thanpartofthedarknesstobeilluminated.TheTownHallservicesareatan end,thefact,however,remainsthat theseserviceswereratherareligious recreationforpeoplewhoarealready prettycomfortableabouttheirsouls thanameansofawakeninghardened sinners,orastimulustopractical religion.
PROROGATIONOFTHE LEGISLATIVECOUNCIL.
ONMondaythe3rdinst.HisExcellencytheGovernorproroguedtho LegislativeCouncil,toTuesdaythe4th ofAprilnext,withtheusualceremonies. HisExcellency'sclosingAddressis aboutoneofthemostegotisticalwo haveeverread.Commentingonthe Governor'sSpeechtheInquirervery justlyremarks:-
Theattentionwhich,inahigh-classschool ofthecharactercontemplatedinthe billlaidbeforetheLegislatureyesterday afternoon, bestowed higher branchesoflearning-andofwhichourboys would,atthebest,haveoolytimetoacquire asmattering-mightwhimthecertaintyof farmorepracticalandusefulresmOtsattending bedevoted,inexistingeducationalestablishments,tothepupils'mothertongueandto practicalmathematics.Thesearemore reallyusefulbranches,of.si.p.4forthe risinggenerationofthiscolonythantime cultivationofasuperficialacqbaihtancewith thebooksofCaesarorLivy,thefewepistles ofOvid,orthefewodesofHoracewhichin schoolsofthecharacterofthatnowproposed tobeestablishedformthestockoftheir classicallore,andwhichislostsightofas soonasthepupil'sschoolcareerisended. Inshort,theadvantagesofagmodand soundEnglisheducation,forwhich.we candidlyconfessapartiality,aretooobvious toneedmentioninparticular.'Snfficeitto saythatundersuchacourseoftuition-and notbyover-cramniingboyswithdead languages,asistoomuchtimefashionin publicschoolsintheMotherCountry-the regeneratedyouthofthefuture,with'his well-developedtastesandnobleambition millpresentanobjectmorepleasanttocontemplationthantheuncultivatedcreatureof thepresentwithhispitiableshallowuessand contemptibleaffectation-Inquirer.
THELEGISLATIVE,COUNCIL ANDHIGHEREDUCATION.
PREACHINGATTHETOWN HALL.
TotheEditoroftheW.A.CatholicRecord ,Sta,-Itrusttoyourdesireforaccurracyto allowmetocorrectthestatementmadein yourlastissueastotheAdventServices"in theTownHall,Perth,beingheldtinderthe auspicesoftheGoodTemplars.Thatbody hawnothingwhatevertodowiththeservices, theipitiatiormofthem,orthecarryingoutof thesame.',IMakenoremarkastoyour commentsas.ofcoarse,thepublicwilltake themquantumsake. Iam,youngobediently, JOHNL.GARDNER. Perth,WA.,9thDec.,187.5.
Averyformidablearrayofminorlegislativeenactmentshavebeenaddedtothestatute hook.but,beyondpavingthewayforfuture legislationofanimportantcharacter,wemust confess.inspiteofHisEXCELLENCY'S triumphantmnanifesto.thatitappearstous, uponacalmreviewofthewholeproceedings, thesessionjustclosedhasnotbeenfertilein beneficialmeasures.Therehasneitherbeen usefullegislation,norpracticalcriticismof theactionoftheGovernment.Thefirstwe mustdowithoutforanotheryearthesecond itis,tosomeextent,stillwithinthepourer ofthecommunitytosupply.Theformation ofanactiveandintelligentpublicopinion,on questionsofcommoninterestthroughoutthe colony,willdomoreforthecauseofgood GovernmentthanthebestorganisedoppositionintheLegislativeChamber.Thisisa forceinourpoliticalsystemwhichhas hitimertobeenwanting.butwhichoughtto bewantingnolonger.Suchaforce,likeall otherswhichproducegreatresults,ismade upafterallofunitsinsignificantin themselves;andtocontributehisownshare isasmuchthedutyofeverymemberofthe community,asitisclearlywithinhispower,
THEJESUITSANDTHEME WORKS.
ANYonewhoattendedtheLegislative CouncilChamberontheeveningofthe debateontheHigherEducationBill, couldnotbutconcludethatnotwithstandingallthathadbeensaidagainst establishingasystemofHigherEducationinthisColony,itwaspainfully apparentthathadalittlehigher educationbeengiventomostofthehon. memberspresent,thepwould,tosay tholeast,havebeennonetheworsefor it,noronebitlessabletodischargethe dutiespertainingtoLegislators. Thedebate,frombeginningtoend,was dullintimeextreme,andimpressedevery oneintheHousewiththefactthathon. members(hadatlistgotholdofan abstrusequestion,andwere,indeed, endeavoringtograpplewithasubject farbeyondtheirintellectualrane. Thedebatewas,beyouddoubt,below mediocrity;butweventuretoassert thathadthesamequestionbeensubmittedtothemembersoftheMechanics' Institute,orthemembersofthe WorkingMan'sAssociation,prior.to itsintroductionintotheHouse,ben. membersmighthavepthered crumbsofknowledgeWithwhichto
WEwillinglygiveinsertiontothe ReverendMr.GA.RDNER'Sletter.As heinauguratedhisservicesatthe TownHallundertheauspicesofthe GoodTemplar!,itwasnaturalforus tobeundertheimpressionwhichhe .pointsouttouaasamistake.orare weinclinedtoblamethereverend gentlemanforhishaving-discardedthe GoodTemplars.Withregardtothese servicesitwouldseefnthatthisgustof revivalism,likeanor'-wester,haspretty wellblownitselfout.Whatwas heraldedasagreatmovementforthe salvatiopofthemassesquietlysubsided intoamildafternoonamusementfor peoplewhohardlyrequiredit.An eye-witness,whamcuriosityledtovisit theTownHall,onarecentSunday afternoon,informsusthatthetoneof 'theperformancestherehadbeenadapted evidentlytotheexigenciesofpolite repose,ai,ajudgingfromtheappearance ofthecompany,thattheeffectofthe revivalserviceswasrathersoothing thanstimulating.But.thia.iaperhaps insomedegreetoheAccotintedforby thefactthatapparentlyonly.persons whoareperfectlysureoftheir,own conversionattended.Oureyewitness &elleusthatthe_greaterpartof!the audience-was°opposedofjustthesort
Huntedfromonecorneroftheearthto another,persecutedandreviledtillthevery nameoftheirOrderhasbecomeatermof reproach;yetthefactremainsthatthe worldowestotherenownedCompanyof Jesusadebtofgratitudewhichitcannever repay,evenifitwould.Notwithstandingall thatissaidandwrittenjustnowabout education,howlittledowehearofthe educationallabbutsoftheJesuits-themen whowerethe-pioneersitttherevivalof learninginEurope,whopublishedmore books,foundedmorecollegesandschools, andshowaprouderrollofillustriousnames thananysocietythateverexisted.Wehear somuchfromtimetotimeofwhatigcalled thevaultingambition"and_"unscrupulous designsoftheJesuits,andsolittleofthe splendidservicestheyhaverenderedtomankind,thatweproposetotakeabriefglance atthereversesideofthemedal-theside whichissoseldompresentedtous.
TheOrderwasestablishedintheyear 1540.TwoyearsafterwardsLainez,oneof thefivecompanionsofSt.Ignatius,founded acollegeinVenice.Daringthenextsixteen yearsupwardsofonehundredcollegeswere openedinvariouspartsofEurope.Referringtothissubject,klallarn,inhis"History ofLiteratureinEurope,"says:-"They(the Jesuits)taughtgratuitously,whichthrew, -howeverunreasonably,asortof.discrediton salariedpreieasorsitwasfoundthatboys learnedmorefromtheminsixmonthsthan intwoyearsunderothermasters;and, probably,forboththesereasons,evenPrdtettantssometimeswithdrewtheirchildren flunktheordinarygyirintieiaandplacedthem inJesuitcolleges.Noonewilldenythatha theirclassicalknowledge,andIntheelegance withwhichtheywrote,theOrderat'Jesuits mightstandinoompetitionwithanyscholars ofValve,"Frogste,is.itwoodappearthat "FreeEducation"isnotsuchmanoveltyafter all.HanksWritesin'aseniewhatsimilar strain:-"Theeducationofthattimebeing apurelylearnedone,restedexclusivelyon theWindyoflanguagesofaatievits.Thew
theAesultesdoltvatedwith,weal*NOM andinasharetimetheyltadalsoitetheie. teacherstrho.mightclaimtoberanked,with therestorersofclassic-learning.Theylike. wiseaddictedthemselvestothestrictscienees. Thevrholtcourseofinstructionwasgivenin thatenthusiastic,devoutspirit.whichhad theJesuitsfromtheirearliest by ,'ofthe; alltheylakicir the thiproptene ,the,universii*,-.-rnOtPq 'I.497."Bacon,pronotpapect thentmodecif,instructiontobelZe1.14'et knownintheworld,andwarmly,e,Ifp hisregretthatsoadmirableasytiteroof intellectualandmoralfiiscdlineshouldbe emploYedontheaideoferror.'7,'"Macaulay's historyofEngland," A,recent writeronRome(Wey)thusalludestotheir mostfamouseducationalinstitution-the RomanCollege;-,'This,uniqueestablishment,whichisattendedbyathousand students,maybespeciallydescribedas Catholic-thatistosay,universal11,,rhere may-beacquirecl,Withoutexternalsuccour, the.s'mofhumanknowledge.Alarge cabinetforphysics,arenownedastronomical otmervatory,pictures.statues,andoneofthe mostremarkableandpreciouslibrariesin Rome,providethemeansofstudyand application.Numismaticsmayevenbe followedthereinthecollectionofEtruscan. Oscan.Latin,andRomancoinsofthe primitiveages,collectedbythelearned librarianoftheVatican,CardinalZelada. Finally,andhereistheprincipalinterestof thecollege.forthecurious,itpossesseswhat iswithoutdoubtthestrangestandthemost instructivehistoricalmuseumsthatexist. Theelementswerecollectedintheseventeenthcenturybyoneofthemostlearned fathersoftheOrder,AthanasinsKircher. HeprofessedinturntheOrientallanguage. philosophy,andmathematic;attheRoman College.Hewasamongthefirsttostudy Copticbewasthefirsttointerprethieroglyphics,ahundredyearsbeforetheUtopians ofthelastcentury;heexplainedahostof factsbymagnetism,andappliedittothe treatmentofcertaindisorders,Itwaslie whoinventedthemagiclantern.Hepuhliled foliovolumesinLatin. Sincehisdeaththe,Jesuitshavecontinued thecollection,"Itisusuallyconsideredthe correctthing"toaccusetheCatholicChurch ofbeinginimicaltoscientificknowledge,yet sosingetosaythefirstcollegeintheUnited Kingdomtopossesachairofsciencewas Stonylnirst,theheadquartersoftheJesuits inEngland.
4111lIdtrie.r.444146.4-11041.irdel4t040:411 the*PO .**.,P1/149 QtteSini.Wee'sfririNillttal_ ldfcrate ()blew/et/WYofP411,4 diMilteed,40111141 ofJupiteraanti tatellitejit, minedthe:rotationotJupiter,Kers, Venus,measuredthemeridian,.lineof andleftbehindhimagreateumbe47.44 valuablei,+as obliervatioalk40i gmagellotaTornicelli,who,inxeptedL)JP berPraetekeiM4:ORPrtertx1-the.constritiet,ico,qt telescopesandmicroscopes,wasalsoethicated by.theJesuits,aswereDescartes,Bossuet, DPAllembertiVoltaire;Conti&MontestInlen, D'Argenson,Molliere,Fontenelle;Crebilion, andahttgikerst4,1CludiFikthC. Front."'
I9r3ditfLASA014"541gis-4913344er3Cne,Jelo, poiswk,i
ThelibrariesofEuropebearsilenttestininnytothelearninganduntiringindustry oftheOrder.Notonlyhavetheypnblidied anenormousnumberofworksinalmost everyulepartinentoflierattire,science.and arthesttheyhaverescuedfromtheoblivion ofrimmiseript,"manyaquaintandcurious veltuneofforgotionImes"Weevenfind oneofthesein:my-sided"men-Father Iantst-t;professorofmathematics,puhthingin1670awoilsonaerialnavigation. auseher.Patille!torte.broughtoutawork isTitianon''LesEvolutionsNavales"in 1s711,containingthefirstdescriptionofthe co'elervedtriameavreof"breakingtheline." ItwastranslatedintoEnglishin1S32by CeptainDoswell,It.N.,andwascommonly nownamongstnavalmenasTheJesuit's nestle."Healsopubli-lied"Themiedela somarticiondesVaisseatix."Oneofthe easttteatimsonthescienceofperspective wasleelisliestbyaJesuit-Doubreuil--The ,temesperspective."1642.FatherBocovich wasoneofthemosteminentphysicalphilosophersofthelastestuary.Hediscovered thesun'sequator,andbyobservingthe spots,"1763,wasemployedwithanother Jesuit.Mayer,anEnglishman.bythePapal Governmenttomeasurethearcofmeridian, whichhetracedfromRometoimini;was riatilarlyemployedbytheEmperorof AustriawasinvitedbytheRoyalSocietyof London,ofwhichhewasamember,togoout toCaliforniain17611tootnervetheTransit ofVenus.butwasunabletodosoowingto otherengagements.Hepublishedmany words,theprinciplebeing"LexContinuetatis,"1754.Nlathe-uisUniver.sa."1758. andapoemonthe"Eclipses,"whichhe dedicatedtotheRoyalSociety.Father Grassi.inatreatise-DeTribesCometis." 1619.hadthehonourofexplainingwhathad battledGallileo.andfirstheldcometstobe planetsmovinginvastellipsesrotmdthesun. -"Hallam'sHistoryofLiteratureof Europe,"111.187. FatherScheiner,ProfessorofMa'hem-sties atIngolstadt,observedthe"spots"onthe sunin1611,andprovedinaworkpublished in1619thattheretinaistheorganofsight, andthattheburnout'sonlyservetorefract therayswhichpainttheobjectontheoptic nerve,lieinventedthepantograph.Fr. Grimaldidiscoveredtheinflectionoflight describedinhisPhysicomathesisdeLurnine Coloribusethide,Sc.,"publishedin1665. SirIsaacNewtonacknowledgeshisindebtednesstoGrimaldi'sworkforhisfirstnotions onthesubject.Whenitwasfoundthatthe domeofSt.Peter'sowingtoitsenormous weight,threatenedtocrushthepierssupportingit,aJesuitwasemployed,inanage famousforitsarchitects,todeviseplansfor strengtheningthesupports.Anothermember oftheOrderdrainedthePontinemarshes ThenameofFatherSecchi.thepresent dixectoroftheObservatoryattheRoman College,andprobablythefirstastronomerin theworld,isfamiliarnotonlytomeno science,butalsotothegeneralreader.Two ofhisdisciple,FathersferryandSidgreave wereemployedbytheBritishGovernmentto observetherecentTransitofVenusin Kerguelen'sLand.Fromtheaboveitvvil heclear,wethink,thattheJesuitsareno laggardsinthemarchofsciencebutadvance inthefrontrank. Theproverb,"Asisthemaster,sois'th school,'applieswithpeculiarfitnesstoth
S 1 e. rands,alioneybeterknownis
icaur:-,7"TheIndiana-:were vilieget; village-bedits chureluentk.its.curate,whowasassistedby 00;eelsnitrepriests.The -curatewas nominatedbytheFatherSuperior,who exercisedavigilantsuperintendenceoverthe Whitilt.,7The-efirtitegothisWholeattention tefeRglibeaefttet'Whiletheassistantpriests eataged'ietatia.'Matters,directingthelabour 'ef,theiIndians.whocultivatedtheground, knit-ttnitting-°diets'tothecrafts'ofthe weaver,masons,carpenter,goldsmith,painter, andaenlpfor,fbtthefinearts'werebyno niettnirtiegledted.Thepunishmentsweremild, andtheyWerealwaysaccompaniedby stiehtultribnitionasaparentwould addresstoachildwhomhewaschastising. Crinies-wereintruthrare.Privateproperty didnotOXist.The-produceofthecommunity-wasstoredinmagazinesfromwhich eachfamilywassuppliedaccordingtoits wants,specialprovisionbeingmadefor .widotrsandorphans.From."Chambers' Encyclopaedia''weextractthefollowing passageonthesamesubject;-"Thelegislation,theadministration,andthesocial organizationofthesettlementwasshaped accordingtothemodelofaprimitive Christiancommunity,orratheroflitany communities.undercueadministrationand theaccountswhichhavelawnpreservedof itsconditionappeartopreseutarealizatien oftheidealofaChristianUtopia.Alm;e all,theirestablishmentsinthesouthern continent,inBrazil.Paraguay,andUruguay. anduponthePacificcoast,inCalifornia, andinthePhilippineIslands,weremissions ofcivilization:ISmuchasofreligion.'.sir JohnBowringrecognise:intheconditionof thenativepopulationofthe}Millman, Islands,tothepieariadaytheresultsofthe mindandjudiciustsrenameofNam],the earlyJesuitFathershidthefomelatimas TotheOrderweareindebteulforthetll'covetyandintroductionintoEuropeof Peruvianor"Jesuit'shark,"Thename Cinchonawasgiventotheplantbecausein 16:IstheCountessofcinshona,wifeoftie' ViceroyofPenawascuralofanintermittent feverbyitsuse. Wehateend's:it-miredtoShii,V,lime,ccr imperfectly,andconfiningnor-clue:solelyto Protestantauthorities.,terseofthebencfis bestowedbytheSoeiezyofJesusenun ungratefulworld----asvoralwhichrewitl, them,asitdidtheirDivineMaser,with calumny,persecution.antetcedeath. Dor thegreatergloryofGod,"a"wellasforthe temporalandeternalImppinessofothers. theyshundelightsandlivelahorinti,,1,3, andbywayofrecompensethereImony countryofEuropefromwinchtheyhavenot atsometimeorouterbeenignominiously driven. Wewillcouchelewithanextractfrom "Leeky'sHistoryofIlmicnalioninErnest" II. whichclearlyshow:why anddespoticgor-erionewshavesitelialnar,,r oftheJcsuhs:---"Themar,el in'e,14ctandthepro!0:111,11.1,w:ed.:reof theworldthatthen,at,lea-t.charnetelized theirOrder,seemcastill,T11110'111:hi:itthe theexingener,ofthecontEctwerenottoLe metbyfollowingthecellprecedentsofthe Fathers.andthatitwasneeummsyincorer waytorestricttheovergrownpowerofthe sovereigns.Theysaw,whatnoothersin theCatholicChurchseemtohavei)ercei thatagreatfuturewasinstoreforthe peoplefindtheylabouredwithazealthat willsecurethemeverlastinghonourtohasten anddirecttheemancipation.Byasystemof theboldestcasuistry,byafearlessuseoftheir privatejudgmentinallmatterswhichthe Churchhadnotstrictlydefined.andaboveall byaskilfulemploymentandexpansionof someoftheniaximsofthescluxAmen,they succeededindisentanglingthemselvesfrom thetraditionsofthepast.andingivingan impulsetoliberalismwherevertheirinfluence extended."-SydneyFreeman'sJournal.
Intheinterestsofhumanityandvivid, rationalwellasof61,iristianikTr"-.thikrwere," as-Macaulaysays,"nibefoundin!thedepths ofthePeruyianmines,atthe-martaofthe Africantilave.cassorsits,onthesliorea..01the Siceislands,,intheobservatoriesof.Clina. Theymadetonvertsittlegionswhichneither avaricenorcuriosity'temptedany'oftheir countrymentoenter,andpreached;fad disputedintonguesofwhichnoothernative oftheWestunderstood-aword,"-"Essayon Bank'shistoryofthePOpes."lierefersto themalsoinhis"historyofEngland"inthe followingterms;-'BeforetheOrderhad existedahundredyearsitloadfilledthe wholeworldwithmemorialsofgreatthings doneandsufferedforthefaith.NoreligiouScommunitycouldproducealistofthen sovariouslydistinguished;'nonehad extendeditsoperationsoversovastaspace yetinnonehadthereeverbeeneachperfect unityoffeelingandnction.Therewasno regionoftheglobe,nowalkofspeculativeor ofactivelifeinwhichJesuitswerenottobe found.Theyguidedthecounselsofkings; theydecipheredLatininscriptionsthey observedthemotionsofJupiter'ssatellites; theypublishedwholelibrariesofcontroversy, casuistry.history.treatisesonoptics,Alcaic odes,editionsoftheFathers-madrigals, catechisms,andlampoons.Theyweretobe foundinthegarbof saperintend; ingtheobservatoryatPekin.Theywereto befound,spadeinhand,teachingthesavages ofParaguaytherudimentsofagriculture yet.whatevermightbetheirresidence,whatevermightbetheiremployment,theirspirit wasalwaysthesameentiredevotiontothe commoncause,thesameabsoluteobedience tothecentralauthority.Nuncofthemhad chosenhisdwelling-placeorhisvocationfor himself.WhethertheJesuitshouldlive undertheArcticCircle.orundertheEquator, whetherheshouldpasshislifearranging gems.andcollaringmanuscriptsatthe Vatican,orinpersuadingnakedbarbarians undertheSam:hemCrossnottoeateach o.her,werematterswhichheleftwith pret'oundsubmissinntothedecisionofothers. IfhewaswantedatLima.hewasonthe Atlanticinthenextfleet.Ithewaswanted atBagdad.hewastoilingthroughthedesert withthenextcaravan.Ifhisministrywas neededinseinecouutrywhere14ssiifewas moreinseemethanthatofaWulf.whereit wasacrimetoharborhim.wheretheheads andquartersofhisbrethren,fixedinthe publicplaces,showedhintwhathehadto expect,hewentwithoutremonstranceor hesitationtohisdoom.Noristhisheroic spirityetextinct.When.inourtime,a terriblepestilencepassedroundtheglobe, when,insomegreatcities,fearhauldissolved alltheticswhichholdsocietytogether.when thesecularclergyhadforsakentheirflocks, whenmedicalsuccourwasnottobepurchasedwithgold,whenthestrongestnatural affectionshadyieldedtotheloveoflife,even thentheJesuitwasfoundbythepallet, whichbishopandcurate,physicianand nurse.fatherandmother,haddeserted, bendingoverinfectedlipstocatchthefaint accentsofconfession,andboldingtothelast beforetheexpiringpenitenttheimageofthe crucifiedRedeemer."Thesearethemen whomeverysmug,vulgar"Stiggins"delights inreviling.
Weregretthatwantofspacecompelsus tonoticeverybrieflytheirmissionarylabors. Almostimmediatelyafterthefoendationof theOm'cier,thatillustriousChristianhero. FrancisXavier.thenApostleoftheIndies." startedfortheEast.Hetravelledthrough India,Malacca,thePhilippineIslands, Ceylon,andJapan.ToFatherRicciweare indebtedforthefirstworkpublishedon China.Heandhiscompanion,Father Schell,gaitedafootinginthatcountryby' utilizingtheirscientificknowledge-astronomy.hydmgraphy,mathematics,andclocktanking..Theybegan,asBankeobserves. withmathematics.andendedwillsreligion. Theaccnracywithwhichtheypredictedthree eclipsesofthemoonin1610and1624raised themimmenselyintheestimationofthe Mandarins,moreespeciallyasthenative astronomerswereaboutanhouratfault'on eachoccasion.lticcisenttheEmperora strikingclock.whichhehadmade,andwas invitedtovisitPekininconsequence.Schell conductedthepublicmathematicalschoolin' thatcity,compiledthecalendar,andwas createdaMandarin.Fourteenfoliovolumes ofhiswritingsinChinese.ofwhichlanguage heacquiredaperfectmastery,arepreserved intheVaticanlibrary, InAmericacote-pestsgaveplaceto' missions,andmissionsgavebirthto'civilization.Therenowned"Reductionsof Paraguay"werecommencedin1610and flourishedtillthesuppressionoftheOrderin 1767.Thedifficaltieatheyencounteredfrom theIndiansthenobleeffortstheymadeto protecttheirwretchedprotegesfromthe rapacityofthehordeofinfamousSpanish and'Portugueseadventurers*tooverranthe oontinent,andthetriumphantsuccesswhich attendedtheir'hertius-devotionandgensacrificeareunparalleledin-thehistoryofthe
FETEOFTHETOTALABSTINENCE1..IGUEOFTHECROSS.
Atoneo'clockthemembersassemblediu theOperaTheatrefortheconference,under thepresidencyoftheCardinalArchbishop, whoinformedthemeetingthattheir detnopstrationthatdaywasevenmore importantthantheirnumbers(largeasthey, were)wouldleadthemtothink.Those assembledhere(saidInsEminence)represent morethanhalftheCatholicsofEnglandand Scotland.Iwillbeginathome.Wehave heretherepresentativesofLondonCatholics wehavealsotherepresentattvesofthe CatholicsofManchester,ofLiverpool,ofBirmingham,andofthegreatertownsof Scotland,suchasGlasgow;andinputting togetherthenumberofCatholicscontained inthesetownswereachafigurewhich denoteshalf,ifnotmorethanhalf,the CatholicpopulationofEnglandandScotland. (Applause.)TherearealsopresentrepresentativesoflargetownssuchasOldham, and,Imightadd,ofothersinthesouthof England;sothatweareassembledto-day inwhatwecallaconvention.Wearea representativebody,assembledinaconventionintendingtolaydownrulesupon whichtheLeaguewillproceed,andbeunited togetherasonebody.Amongthosewho representlargetownswehaveherethe presidentoftheLeagueinManchesterand Salford,andFatherNugentofLiverpool. Nowmyfirstdutyistocallonthese representativestoverifytheircredentials. Asthiswouldnotbethefittestoccasionto commencethebusinessoftheconvention norwoulditbeinterestingtoyou,theywill meetto-morrowatmyhouseinWestminister 'andthefollowingday,duringthehoursfrom tettam,toonep.m.,andfromtwop.m.to fivep.m.Itismydustytomentionsomeo
thesubjectstobediscussedand,fixedonby theconvidion...Flist;ofall,Tinajannounce toyouthattheexperienceofallthosewho havehadtheguidanceofthismovementandImaysaytheprofound.andmature convictionofusall-isthatitisimpossible tounitetogetherthosewhodonotabstain altogetherwiththosewho-do.(Applause.) Idonot-meanthatwearenotinbrotherly unitywiththemall.Weembraceevery sobermanasafellow-workerinthesame fieldwhetherhebepledgedornot,ifheis asobermin,heiswithus.Butwefind thatitisimpossibletogiveanypledgeor take.anypledgefromanyonewhoisnot determinedtorenounceintoxicatingliquor altogether,andallplaeeswhereintoxicating drinkissold.EtteepttheLeaguestand shouldertoshoulderinthisfirmresolution wecannevermaintainthatfirm,solid,and compactformationwhichisabsolutely necessaryfortheexistenceoftheLeague Andtheperseveranceofitsmembers.(Loud applause.)Therepreotherassociations intendedtopromotesobrietyandpromote temperance,andwithallmyheart1bless them,andwilldoallinmypowertoencouragethem.Iwilltakepartinevery waywiththemshortofthis-Icannot introduceanysuchformationwhichisonly half-and-halfeh')theLeagueoftheCross, whichisintendedfortotalabstinence. (Loudspplause.)don'twishtooffendany soldierellomaybepresent,orbrave volunteerwhomayheartime,butIdonut believetheGuardswouldopentheirranksto anyothersoldiersorvolunteers.They wouldsay,"Weknowthebear-skins,and withthemwewillstandshoulderto shoulder."AndsoI;tillsayoftheLeague oftheCross.Weareofopinionthatitwill bela;ternottogivethepledgeabsolutely andforevertoanyoneinthefirstinstant.; butallowapledgetobegivenfug0s:he monthsorsomeotherdefinitetime,inorder toputmenontrialorprobationbeforethey wouldallowthemtotakeitallt)getiter. (Applaurse.)Thereareagreatmany reasonsforthis.Manyamanwilltakethe pledgeforayearwhowillnottakeitfor ewer,andmanyamanv.thotakesitforayear afterthetrialwillneverMeekit.Ibelieve agreatmanywouldstartbackatthethought ofbindingthemselvesfurever,buthating firstassertainedtheirownstrengthbya pledgefeuanydefiniteperiodtheywillbe :trterwardsmorewillingtobecomemembers oftheTotalAbstinenceLeague.Nexta questionhasbeenraisedastotheamountof obligationimposedbyapledgenotmite conscience.Somehavethoughtthatthe pledgeisavowmadetoGod.New wow madeto(lodisthegreatestoblieteailthata mancanlayonhimself,andtobradsasvies' niteletoGoditnatl;esaniertalsin.It5,as nevertheintentionoftheLea.rue,norvmuld theChurchewerpermit,thataeshouldmake avowbinding1111.1er111011,LiS'll,OFimpeseit 4,11 von,Itisrthe thatitshuntlhemade mendthe pteatteiityofmistakewhatismeantbythe pledge,nisithisistimelier1111e,1,111farthe 111111cmi(.11tusinerrowui,locileon.\\ell now,thirdly,thereiscmlargequestion ;OdellIshallonlytone!'tipen.Youaretill awarethatourLeagueetthe('rutshas foundeditselfonourfaithandenthe practiceofourreligion,endwedonot believeintheperseveranceofanybodyalto bindshimselfbythepledgeand(foesnotlive thelifeofagoodChristian.'Wedonot believethatthepledgewillgiveaman strengthifheturnshisbackonGoutandthe Sacraments.We,therefore,areconvinced ofintroducingintothedisciplineofthe Leaguethepracticeofourreligion,butin whatform,andhowitshouldbedone,orto whatextent,theconventionofto-morrow andthenextdaywilldecide.Idaresay thatyouallknowanEnglishsaying,anold proverb,"Ahouse-goingpriestmakesa church-goingpeople,"andItakeitthatif thefaceofthepriestisnotseengoingtoand frointhehouse,andifhisvoiceisnotheard inthehomesofthepeople,thechancesare thatwhenSundaycomeshedoesnotseethe peopleinthechurch.Andwithregardto theLeagueweninsthavesomeofits membersvisitatthehomesofthepeoplesomewho,liketheprefectandsub-prefects oftheHolyFamily,willlookaftertherest andkeepthemuptotheirduty.Wewill haveintheLeaguecolonels,andmajors,and captains,whowillconstantlywatchthe membersoftheLeagueandseethatthey fulfiltheirobligations.Theconventionwill alsoconsidertheadvisabilityofestablishing ,benefitsocietiesinconnectionwiththeLeague oftheCross.Thereareonlytwopoints moletowhichIwilldirectyourattention, andthesearemeasurestogainwhichIhope youwillbywordanddeedgiveallthe influenceandsupportinyourpower.The firstistheSundayclosingofpublic-houses, andthesecondistosupportthePermissive Bill.(Loudapplause.)Bythelatteris meantthatthepeopleofeveryplaceand everyparishwillbeablebytheirvoteto determinewhetherthereshallbepublichousesintheirtnidst;,andhowmanythey require,andthattheyhavethepowerof puttingdownahousewhichisdisorderly, andbringsconfusionintothemidstoftheir homes.Well,lastly,thegreatestefforts shallbemadetoenrolyoungchildreninto theLeague.Iappealtoeveryfatherand motheramongyoutobringnpyourchildren withoutthetasteofintoxicatingdrinkson theirlips,sothatwhentheygrowupitwill neverbetothen;atemptation.Having alludedtothehundredsofthousandsofpoor childrenwhowerewanderinginthestreets inthegutter,barefootedandbareheaded,all throughthedrunkentessofparents,his Eminenceconcludedbyrenewinghisearnest appealonbehalfoflittlechildren,andsat downamidstloudandlong-continued applause.-CatholicOpinion.
eduitation
[InauguralAddreedatST.Jog'sCollege, withinthelinivertayofSydney.,bythe MostRev.R041$11 V11.17611A21,D.D. Sydney J.7.Moore,GeorgeStreet. LondonBurns,Oates,&Co.]
SectionII.-Continued Causesofthedevelopmentoflearning; Monasticteachinginsufficient;Paris,seedplotofUniversities;GrowthofUniversities; Dnivers4-citiesunderthePopes; Oxford founded6agreatCatholicBishops;Great interestofPopesinUniversities-theSapienza; StilltheSchoolsnotimmaculate;Immorality andinfidelityinspiteofBowie'sauthority; TheSorbonne;RulesforScholars;Influence oftheHolySeeoverUniversities;Stateof ItalianSchools;GuardianshipoftheChurch overFaithandMoralsintheSchools;The Churchaloneadequatetorestrainprideof intelktandhumanpassion.
ofthePalatineSchool,tookthetapeView ashismasterontheconditionsofedueatkin isevidentfromhisTreatieeontheSeven LiberalArts.'Itisthrownintodit/ogne andIherequote,asaspecimenoftherest, onequestionanditsreply:"Disciple0wisemaster,wehaveoften heardyourepeatthattruephilosophywas thesciencewhichtaughtallthevirtues,and theonlyearthlyrichesthatneverlefttheir possessorinwant.Yourwordshaveexcited inusagreatdesiretopossessthistreasure. Wewishtoknowwheretheteachingof philosophywillleadus,andbywhatsteps wemayattaintoit.Butourageisweak, andwithoutyourhelpweshallnotbeable tomountthesesteps.
Master:Itwillbeeasytoshowyouthe wayofwisdom,providedyouseekitpurely forGod'ssake,topreservethepurityofyour ownsoul,andfortheloveofvirtue;ifyou loveitforitsownsake,anddonotseekinit anyworldlyhonourorglory,or,stillless, richesorpleasure."
Charlemagneinlifeandstaturewashead andshouldersabovehisfellows.Hisnative .thirstforlearningamountedtoapassion,and 'wasonlyequalledbyhisintensedesireto bringthelightofscienceandtheinstruments ofcultivationamongsthispeople.Inhis journeysandwarsheeverhadhismind carefullyfixedononeadvantage.thatofenlistingthesympathiesofscholars inhisfavour,andofdrawingthemtogether toconduct,underhisownprotection,schools inwhichhewasnottooproudtobecomea disciple.Tohimitmatterednotwhata man'snationalitymightbe,-ifhewere learnedinthesciences,ifhewereamaster oflanguage,ifhewereabletoteachthat whichheretoforewasnotimparted,Charlemagnedidallthatlayinhispowerto securehisservices,antitoofferhintevery inducementtohelpinthegreatcauseof enliehtenmentwhichhesohighlyprized. ThushesecuredtheservicesofPeterofPisa, PaulWarnefrid,theVenerablePoilinus,the masteroftheArtofGrammar.'and,above all,ofourownAkin!),whobroughtoverto Franceacontingentoflearnedmentotake partintheteachingoftheschools.The principalseatofwisdomwasthePalatine SchoolandhereitwasthattheKing himself,withseveralroyalprincesand princessestogetherwithacrowdofbishops andnobles,ofcourtiersandsecretariesand councillors,tooklessonsinthescienceof thatagefromthemostlearnedmenthat couldbecalledtogetherfromeveryquarter oftlwworld.TheKing'soneanxietywasto transformhiscourtintoamodernAthenshavingthedoctrinesofChrist,taughtand insistedon,inplaceofthoseofPlato.Indeed. thissameprincipleofLovewhichanimated themonasticteachers,whohadabandoned theworldforChrist.isabundantly,strikingly evidentinthemethodsandtastesofthis Christianpotentate.BothCharlemagne andAlcuin,wereatoneonthis-thatthey preferredtopromotethestudyofSt.Jerome. andSt.Augustine,beforethatofVirgiland Cicero.AndtheKingwasaccustomedto exclaimthatheonlywishedthathehad adozenofsuchmenlivingathiscourt. TheCityofGodwasreadaloudattheroyal tableandthemindsofstudentsappearto havebeenmoreoccupiedwithquestions bearingontheologyandreligion,thanonthe nicetiesofpaganteaching,andthepeculiaritiesofclassictaste.Thissametemper animatedtheteachersofhisschools;and thesametendencytowardsthingsdivine comesoutinhisrecommendationtoall professorsthroughoutthekingdom,in757. "Weexhortyou,"hesays"thatyoufailnot tocultivatelearningwiththehumble intentionofpleasingGod,soasmoresurely topenetratethemysteriesoftheHoly Scriptures.Wewish,inshort,toseeyou whatthesoldiersofChristoughttobedevoutinheart,learnedinintercoursewith theworld,chasteinlife,andscholarsin conversation-sothatallwhoapproachyou maybeasmuchenlightenedbyyourwisdom astheyareedifiedbyyourholylife."Itis easilyimaginedwhatanimpetussuch earnestnessasthismusthavegiventothe schools,howtheprincipleoftheKingwould beenlargedandcherished,andhowlearning wouldflourish,withsucharoyalexample beforeit.bothinthepreceptsofdevotedness, andinenergyofwork-stimulatingitever moretovigorousaction.Thus,clustral schoolsreceivedanadditionallife,whilst publicschoolswerefoundedinmanyparts, suchasthoseatFulda,St.Gall,Tours,Gorze, Fleury,andmanyotherplaces.Theearth wascarefullytilledforafurtherdevelopment, .andlearningwasfosteredbyalargeand royalhand.ThatAlcuin,thegreatluminary
6tatianyitilderitagitatSHIVOrareandthe efforteofft.Bruno,Gerbertandmimeinthe eaeeeofliteratureandlearning.Battime dOesnotiperadb. willsimplymakeone quotation,fromthewritingsofBoreal**to *dm&Millithetenth-centuryin'Germany thesameInethedeofLtweinthedevelopmentofthemindwereinactionashave beenfoundwherevergenuineChristianity hassetupaschool.Inaphilosophic dialogueonmusic,thefollowingpassage occurs:-
"DiscipleWhencedoyouderiveallthis knowledgeI
MasterItisbutalittledropthatIhave gatheredfromtheoverflowingsourceof scienceandnowIdesiretoshareitwith you.
Disciple:ThankstoyourgoodnessneverthelessthatadmonitionoftheApostle terrifiesmeGodhathchosenthefoolishof thisworldtoconfoundthewise.'
AlfredadoptedthesamemethodsofintroducinglearningintoEnglandasCharlemagnemadeuseofinFrance.Atthetime ofhisaccessionthecountrywasplungedin thedarkestignorance.TheDaneshad ruinedeverysourceofculture,thelaityhad almostreturnedtobarbarism,theclergyhad lostthespiritoftheirstate,andthemonastic lifehadbeendeprivedofallitsspirit. Alfred,hadhenotbeenamanofstrong characterandhighreligiousfeeling,would havefailedinhisattempttorestorelight, order,andculturetohisdistractedkingdom. StII.hesofarsucceededastolaythedeep foundationsofEngland'sfutureintellectual prestige,andtostartatraditionoflearning whichisstillsurvivinginourmidst.
LikeCharlemagnehepossessedanardent naturalcravingforknowledge,andever foundanattractioninthecompanyofclerks andlearnedmen.HispilgrimagetoRome nodoubttendedtoopenhismindand sharpenhisappetiteforknowledgeandon hisjourneyhomeliecameincontactwith manydistinguishedscholars.Hedidhis besttodrawsuchmenasthesefromtheir hermitagesandretreats,whithertheyhad retiredduringtheravagesoftheDanes.. Werefrith,andPleginund,andEthelstanand Werwulf,and,aboveall,Asser,amonkofSt. David's,weretheprincipalinstrumentslie madeuseofinintroducinglettersand foundiiigschools.Theplanofhisschools wasthestoneasthatofthePalatine AcademyofCharlemagne.Here,asinthe (laysofAlettinatParis,thesonsand daughtersofthekingstudiedinthe Academy.TheywereinstructedinSaxon andLatin,theylearnedthePsalter,and masteredwhatAssercallstheliberal sciences.Thekingwasevidentlyinfavour ofcompulsoryeducationforhemadealaw thateveryfreemanwhocouldboastoftwo Iridesoflandshouldkeephissonatschool tillfifteenyearsofage,"Because,"hesaid. amanbornfree,whoisunlettered,istobe regardednootherwisethanasabeast, havinglikeit,nounderstanding."
MasterFoolishandwisewillalikebe confoundedbeforeGodiftheydowhatis evil.
Disciple:Thatcannotbedenied.
Master:How,Iprayyou,canthearts andsciencesbebetteremployedthaninthe praiseofHimwhohascreatedallthingsthat wecanknow,andwhofurnishesusatonce withthematterandtheinstrumentsofour knowledge
Disciple:Certainlythatisthebestwayto usescience.
Master:Itisforthemoreweknowof theadmirablelawsbywhichGodregulates theweight,number,andproportionofall things,themoreourheartswillburnwith loveofHim."
man,andPeterOomestor,andPeterCantor, andothersmaintainedthereputationofthe school,tillthecontestsofAbelardand WilliamofChampeauxgaveitacelebrity whichwasthebeginningofitspre-eminence amongstastoreoflarge.andflourishing Institutions. Thencamethecollegeof-Genevieve, whichtracesitsorigintoClovis;andClad&; andtheCollegeofSt.Catherine,setupby fourcelebratedprofessors,Richard,Edward, William,Manasses,andfavouredbyKing LouisandtheschoolofthechildrenofSt. Norbertandtheimmenseestablishment, thelargestintheCity,oftheCarthusians, andtheCluniCollege,andtheSorbonne, whichowesitsveryorigintotheoverwhelmingcrowdofstudentswhoflockedintoParis and,notwithstandingthesizeandnumber OftheexistingColleges,wereunabletofind ahome.Norarethesethroughanymeans alltheplacesoflearningwhichgrewupas ifbymagicinthecentre-cityofFrance. Toenumeratethemallwouldbewearisome indeed;sufficeittosay,theprovincial schoolsceasedtosatisfy,Bishopsestablished theircollegesinthecity,privateindividuals foundedasmanymore,tillPariswas convertedintooneenormousreceptacleof learning,onevastemporiumofCollegesto whichpeoplefromallquartersoftheworld resortedtodrinkoftheflowingsparkling waters,andtopartakeoftheexcitementof thehour.
Astimewenton,andthettrrmoilofwar subsided,aspopulationsandtownsincreased, andlearningtookamoredefiniteshape,the methodsofmonasticschoolsgradually becameinsufficientfortheambitionand restlessnessofstudentsandprofessors.The influenceofsuchmen,thoughverydifferent fromeachotherincharacterandcareer,as BerengariusandLanfrancandSt.Anselm, introducedadeeperstudyofphilosophythan heretofore,andencouragedinawaynever heardofsincetheGrecianSophists,thespirit ofdialecticsandoflogicaldispute.Capella, Cassiodorus(407)andBoethius,thoughthey broughtintheelementsofthenewdevelop. ment,weresilentandearnestthinkerswho didnotventurebeyondtheTrIviuntand Quadrivium,thoughcertainlythelatter. withoutknowingit,mayalmostbecalled theparentoftheknight-errantryoflogic,on accountofhissowingtheseedsofaquestion onUniversals,outofthewritingsof Porphyry,whicheventuallygrewintothe largeproportionsofavastandcomplicated intellectualwar.Then,theestablishmentof thegreatlawschoolsofItaly,therevivalof classicallearningintheAbbeys,the multiplicationofbooksandlibraries,the earneststudyoftheelementsoflogic,and thecontestswhichtookplacebetween orthodoxyanderror,betweenHincmarand Gotteschalc,BerengariusandLanfranc-all thesethingstakentogetherbegantomove men'smindsaswiththepoweroffermentation,andwebegintoseeourwayoutofthe comparativelynarrowsphereofcatenceand summake,ofchroniclesandannals,andto gainvisionsofthatmorelivelyand excitingculture,ofthoselargerandmore academicmethodswhichusheredintheera ofthegreatmedievalUniversities.Thereis nodoubtthatstudyofAristotle'sdialectics, andoftheteachingsoftheartsofintellectualfence,wereveryinstrumentalin stimulatingthestudent'smind,and introducedhimintoafieldnewtothe solitudeofcontemplativelife-tothearena ofconflict,andthebattlegroundoffaithand ofopinion.Still,itwasnotonethingor anotherthatgaveanewimpetustotheminds ofmenitwasmanycausesconcurring together,theconvergingononepointof variousstreamsofthoughtandfeeling,the treasuresofGreekcultureimportedbythe ArabiansthroughSpain,thegradualripeningofthehumanmindtowardslargerviews oflearningandmorescientificmethodsof dispute,thateventuallysenttheteachingsof Christendom,fromtheirsilentandpeaceful cloisterintothenoisycity,andintroducedto theworldthegreatcontestsoftheschools.
ThatAlfredwasasfilledwiththe principleofLoveasCharlemagne,oreven moreso.isshowninmanyinstancesand thathewouldintroducethatsameprinciple intohissell,,olsstandstoreason,forhismain object.afterall,wastocivilizeandsoften,to reclaimandtosavetheroughandalmost ferociouschildrenofadarkanddifficultage. Thehorariurn.ifImaysocallit,whichhe followed,andwhichishandeddowntousby Asser,isasufficientindextohischaracter, andtotherulingpassioninhismind.After tellingushowenergeticthekingwasinthe governmentofhispeople,Assersays:Havingsetallthesethingsinorder, mindfulofthatsayingofHolyWrit Let himwhowouldgivealmsbeginwithhimself,' hereflectedonwhatliecouldoffertoGodof theserviceofhisownmindandbody, wishingtoconsecratethemtoGod,aswell ashisexteriorriches.Sobepromised,as farasinfirmity,possibility,andmeans wouldpermit,willingly,andwithallhis might,togivetoGodone-halfoftheservice ofhismindandbody,bothbydayand night."Hisonelongingandoneprayer wasforskillindivinewisdomandthe liberalarts.Andthereasonofhisearnestnessinthistwo-foldpetition,whilstit manifeststhepietyofhisspirit,clearly bringsoutthedivineprincipleofhisteaching,which,asIhavebeforesaid,likeall trulyChristianeducation,wasfoundedon thebasisofadivineenthusiasm.Touse wordstakenfromanothercontextandnot myown:"Thecouplingtogetherofdivine wisdomandtheliberalarts,asequalobjects ofsolicitude,iseasilyunderstoodwhenwe remembertheplanaccordingtowhichhuman knowledgewasthenpursued,alwaysin subordinationtothatwhichwasdivine,and usuallyinconnectionwithit.Intellectual pursuitsnothavingyetbeensetfreefrom theirholyservitudetofaith,werenot recognisedaspossessinganypeculiar dangersnay,rathertheyseeminvariablyto havebeenregardedassomethingmeritorious andknowledge,farfrombeingpreached againstasperiloustothesoul,wasranked amongthosebettergiftswhichagoodman mightearnestlycovet."
Sofarfortheeffortsandtheeducational principlesofKingAlfred.Imightgpontp describeatlengththerestorationofthe monasticschoolsunderS.Dunstan,S.Oswald, andS.Ethelwoldthefoundationofmany newmonasteries,andtherestorationofmany oldones,suchasthoseofRamsey,Bridfertit, andCroylandthebreak-upoftheEmpire ofCharlemagnetheravagesofNormans, Saracens,andHuns;thedestructionof schools,andtheirrestorationdispositionof *(hristlaoSchoolssadScholars,Vol.I.,p.I76
Thesolemnabbey,withitsquietmethods nolongersatisfiedthemindofthestudent awaketotheexcitementsoftheCity.Fulda andGall,YorkandCiteauxwereallvery wellintheirwaybutthestreamsoflearningwereflowingdownthemountainside andwerefillingthevalleys,fillingParis,and Bologna,andOxford,andPadua,andNaples withthelivingstrifeofbrilliantandcontendingintellects,-andthecitywas becomingthehomeofphilosophy,literature, andletters.Ifthemountainwillnotgoto Mahomet,Mahometmustgotothemountain.
AsIhavesaid,eventheRegularswere attractedbythisvortexoflearnedmenand Institutions,-eventhosewhosevocation wouldseemrathertodrawthemtowards anothergoal..TheTrinitarianswerebusily lecturingthereasearlyas1209theChildren oftheasceticSt,Bernard,thegraveand mortifiedCistercians,thebarefooted Carmelites,theself-disciplinedAugustinians, thelarge-mindedBenedictines,andeventhe solemnCarthusians-eachhadtheirseparate establishment;andeach,accordingtotheir measure,tookpartinthedevelopmentand frictionofmindwithmind.Thevast numbersofyoungmenwhowouldthusbe attractedtototheschoolsofPariscaneasily beimagined. Andwhattookplacetherewasrepeated inothergreatcentresofeducationthroughout Europe. Sovastwasthenumberofstudentsin Paristhattheyoungmenweredivided, notaccordingtoSchools,butaccordingto Nations.Sogreatwasthenumberatthe period,thatinaprocession,whilstthefirst rankwassteppingintoNotreDame,thelast hailnotyetgotclearofS.Methurins.Kings wouldhonourwiththeirpresencevise thousandgraduatesatatime.Onone occasiontheUniversitypromisedtosend 2:000scholarstoincreasethepompofa funeral.In1262Giftedgavelecturesto 10,000scholarsinPadua.Inthesixteenth centurytherewere40.000studentsthere. Bologna,Padua,Salamanca,Naples,Upsal, Lisbon,andRomefollowedsuit.In1260 therewere10,000studentsinBolognain 1262somesaytherewere20,000.In1200 therewere4000scholarsinOxford,in1271, :10.000.Wereadof5000beingatCambridge. Toulousewasequallyflourishingwiththe CollegesofGuienne,atBordeaux,which counted2500students.Finally,theUnversityofLouvain.lateron,hadasmanyas fortycollegesattachedtoit,whilstbefore theReformation,Europecouldboastofas manyassixty-sixUniversities. Twocausestendedtowardsproducing theseextroardinarydevelopments;firstthe increaseofacertainclassofknowledge, whichhadgrownfromasmallspark,hidden awayinMonasticseclusion,toalargeflame and,secondly,thestrenuousencouragement oftheHolySee-thatis,ofthatsameIndividualAuthoritywhichintheveryoutsetof ChristianityhadsenttheTwelvetoteachall Nations,andsubduetheworldtothemaxims oftheCross,Hercourseofactionhasnever deviatedfromthatsdaytothis.Herone grandanxietybeingtosavesoultopurify hearts,andtoprepareherchildrenfor carryingoutherownworkamongsteacheither. TheMonasticprincipleofenthusiasmwas simplytheall-savingprincipleofChristianity, fosteredbyacommunityofmenorwomen whohaddedicatedtheirundividedstrength tooneundividedservice.Thesameprinciple beingdraggedoutofitsresting-places,maintaineditselfagainsttheturmoilandcontentionsofthegreatcollegesofthenoisycity. Whatevertheformofteaching,whateverits specialdevelopments,whateverplanwas followedoutwiththegreatestearnestness, theChurchapproved,encouraged,and blessed,aslongastheprinciplewasrecognised.andsolongassecularteachingwas purified,guarded,andsanctifiedbythe higherandall-importantprincipleof ChristianLove.
Thereligiousfoundthemselvescompelled, whethertheywouldorno,tofollowinthe wakeofthosewhowouldnolongerbecontentedtobideinsolitaryplaces.
Thegrandestandoldestcentreofattraction wasthevenerableschoolofNotreDame,as Ihavealreadysaid,inallprobabilityfounded byCharlemagnehimself,ortheoutcomeof oneofthosefreeorpublicschoolswhichthe _Bishopssetonfootattherequestofthat energeticMonarch.Thisecho&orcollege formedthenucleusoroentre--wasthe Queen-Beeroundwhichalltheothers gathered,andfoundaoneness.There-onion oftheFacultiesalwaystookplaceatKoto Dame,paidevensolateastheeighteenth century,theChaemellorof,NotreDame.bad theprivilegeofbeingoneoft,,baChancellors oftheUniversity.TheworkofAlslabilihere wasCOAtint4byasuCcResiPa.01 lepjgikisqltkatnerre,andAdamanEnglish-
ThosefamousUniversitieswhichflourished intheverydomainofthePopes,exhibit mostluminouslythetemperoftheSovereign Pontiffs.Bologna,andRome,andPerugia, andMacerate,andFerrara,andUrbino,and CamerinowereUniversitycities,filledwith students,andcarryingoutasfreelyaselsewherethestudyanddevelopmentofliterature andscience.ParisandOxfordbothowe theirprestigetotheHolyBee,.nottosaY theirveryexistence.ItwasthePapal blessingandtheexerciseofthePapalprerogativethatgavebirthandlifetothegreat teachingcentresofNaples,andSiena,and Turin,ofSalamanca,Vienna,andHiedelherg, ofBale,Grelfswald,Wiirtzbarg,andLotivain, andmanymorewhichneednotberecertinted. pabeCostinsied.)
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