The Record Newspaper 01 February 1951

W.A.CatholicSchools MeanSavingtoGovt. Of£35,000perYear

Atotalof13,293childrenorebeingeducatedinCatholicschools,convents,andcollegesthroughoutWesternAustralia,accordingtofiguresreleasedbytheRev.J.Bourke,diocesaninspectorofschools,attheconference ofreligiousteachers,heldJan.25and26.

Thisnumberisexclusiveof therathervariablenumberof childrenreceivinginstructionat thethreemetropolitaninstitutions(Clontarf,Castledare,and St.Joseph's),whereatthemomentmorethan400childrenare housed.

Commentingonthesefigures, FatherBourkesaid:

"Accordingtothelast-publishedestimate,theeducation costperchildintheState schools(forthefinancialyear 47-48)was£226s.Costshave risensince.Butevenatthat costweareeffectinganannual economytotheStateinthe vicinityof£335,000.Thatfigure isindependentoftheexpenditureofthePublicWorksdepartmentontheinitialcostof schoolsandequipment.

"TheMinisterofEducation,on Nov.7,inreplytoaquestionin theLegislativeAssembly,stated thattheenrolmentintheState primaryandsecondaryschools was68,981.Wemaypointwith pridetothefactthatCatholics inthisStatearecarryingouta taskofeducationone-fifththe sizeofthetaskoftheState backedbytheTreasuryresources."

Atotalof1,544non-Catholic children,or11.6percentofthe totalenrolment,attendCatholic schoolswithintheArchdiocese.

94CatholicSchools

ThetotalnumberofCatholic schoolsis94,ofwhich35arein thecountryand59metropolitan. DuringtheyearFatherBourke visited63oftheseschools.

HealsostatedthattheCatholicschoolsreceiveagooddeal ofindirectbenefitfromEducationdepartmentexpenditureinspectionbydepartmentalofficers,busservices,vocational guidance,andhealthservices.

Anacutepositionexistsinregardstoboys'schools,wherean expectedincreaseoverthenext coupleofyearsofmorethan900 scholarswillnecessitatethe buildingofaschoolatleastas largeastheChristianBrothers' college,St.George'sterrace.

FatherBourkereportedfavourablyuponthereligioustrainingintheschools."Ithink," hesaid,"wecannottoooftenreemphasisethatthemainworkof theteacherisinsomewayto

FewVacanciesFor ChoirScholarships

ThedirectorofSt.Mary's choir,theRgv.AlbertLynch announcedtodaythatafew vacanciesstillexistforboys whowishtotakeadvantageof theCathedralchoirscholarships. Successfulapplicantswill receivefreeeducationatthe ChristianBrothers'college,St. George'sterrace. Applicationcanbemade eitherbylettertotheFather Lynch,St.Mary'sCathedral,or bycallinginpersonatthecollegeonMondayorTuesday morningsbetweennineand10 o'clock.

representChrist,andtorecall ourworkofformingChrist,first inourselves,andtheninthe childrencommittedtoourcare."

SyllabusRevision

Furtheringtheteachingof Christiandoctrine,Father Bourketoldtheteachersthathe hadthreesuggestionstomake:

(1)Thatsecondarywork wouldbeimprovedbyanintegratingtextbook.Thistext, hesaid,readyforprinting,and wouldsupplanttheCatechism asthemajortextbookin theseniorclasses.

(2)Thatprimaryteachers wouldbenefitfromarevisionof thesyllabus,and

(3)Thatmoreresponsibility shouldbethrownontotheolder

studentsfortheirgrowthin graceandknowledge.Inregardtothislastpoint,hestated: "Toolittleresponsibilityseems thrownonthechildrenbyan environmentthatisover-protective,andbydisciplinedreligiousexercises.Thisproblemis mostseriousinboardingschools, butisnotabsentinday-schools. Ingeneral,thecurbingofinitiativeinwrong-doingsometimeslimitsrealpersonalinitiativeinthepracticeofvirtue.

DeficiencesNoted

"Ithinkthatthemajordeficiencyinourschoolsisthefailure tOequipchildrenwiththehabit ofappraisingtheenvironment theywillmeetandresistingits pressure. Thelessonthatthe

environmentisformativefor goodorbadisnotlearnt. Weshouldbecarefulnottocreateanatmospherethatissynthetic,unreal,andtoofarremovedfromtherealitieschildrenarefacingininunediate post-schoollife,andarefacing inpartwhilestillatschool."

Morethan300religiousteacherswerepresentattheconference.Sessionswereheld theatretteoftheChristian inthe Bro-

thers'collegeandattheConvent ofMercy,Victoriasquare. SpeakersweretheRev.J. Bourke,Mr.L.Burrows,M.A., theRt.Rev.Msgr.J.T.McMahon,theRev.J.McNamara, andtheVeryRev.E.Sullivan. MonsignorMcMahonpreached atthejubileeMassinSt.Mary's CathedralcelebratingthecontributionofCatholiceducation totheAustraliancommunity.

ChristianBrothers'SchoolsHitsJackpot WhenAllCoombeScholarshipsScooped ByHighgate,Fremantle,TerraceBoys

AllthreeCoombescholarshipsawardedthis yearwenttopupilsofChristianBrothers'colleges. FoundedbySirThomasCoombe,thescholarships provideasufficientsumofmoneytokeepaboyfor

CountryParishesCombinePlay AndReligionatPointPeron

RETURNINGTOCAMPatPointPeronafteraswim,someofthe childrenwhoattendedthejointreligiousholidayschoolrunbytheMoora andWyalkatchemparishesreadilyposedforthispicture.Asusualin pictures,therealheroesofthecamparenotseenhere;theyareworking hardinthekitchen.

Talesofthefishthatgotawayare,nodoubt, beingtoldinMooraandWyalkatchemnowthat the63childrenfromthoseparisheswhorecently attendedareligiousholidayschoolintheNational FitnesscampatPointPeronhavereturnedtotheir homes.

TheschoolwasheldJan. 13-21andwasthesecondof suchcombinedfunctions.Fourteenchildrenmadetheirfirst HolyCommunionJan.21.

TheRev.J.Cameronandthe Rev.R.HynesofWyalkatchem andMoora,respectively,gave thereligiousinstructionstothe children;menandwomenof thetwoparisheslookedafter

thecateringandothercamparrangements.

Thosewhohelpedthetwo priestswereMr.andMrs.U. UrquhartofWiluna,Mr.and Mrs.T.DonnellenandMrs. SparkesofMoora,andMr.and Mrs.T.Dolan,Mr.andMrs.J. HammondofWyalkatchem.

Thechildren,35fromMoora and28fromWyalkatchem,

rangedinagesfromsixto14 years.TomDonnellenbrought theMoorachildrentothecamp inhisschoolbusandtheother childrencamebyprivatecars. Theday'sprogrammeatthe campwasasfollows:6,30Rise, Massandbreakfast.Religious instructionwasgivenfrom9 a.m.to10,15andthiswasfollowedbymorningteaanda swim.Lunchwasservedat noonandfurtherinstructions weregivenfrom1,30-2,15p.m. Afterafternoonteathechildren againwentswimmingandat5 o'clockwenttoPeronHouse forBenedictionoftheBlessed Sacrament.Teawasat5,30and thiswasfollowedbyaconcert orgamesonthelawntillbed at7,30.

twoyearsinanonStatesecondaryschool.Thescholarshipis opentoanyboyinthemetropolitanareaattendingeither private,religious,orState schools.

Awardedthescholarshipswere: KevinJamesHammond,of Edwardstreet,OsbornePark, whohasbeenapupilatthe ChristianBrothers'highschool, Highgate,forthepastfiveyears. Kevinisakeensportsman,was duxoftheJuniorclassatthe school,andsatforandgained eightsubjectsintherecentJuniorexaminations.BrotherE.P. O'Driscoll,superioroftheschool, saidofthisboy:"Heisamodel ineveryrespect."

RonaldJohnDay,of28King street,EastFremantle,hasrepresentedtheChristianBrothers' college,Fremantle,infootball andtennis.Anexcellentswimmer,heholdsaStatetitlefor Freestyle,andhasbeenduxof hisclassforthepastseveral years.Hetookandpassedeight subjectsintheJunior."This boyhasoutstandingabilityin class,outdooractivity,anddramatics,"histeachercommented, "andIamconfidentthatthese qualitieswilldevelop."

JohnErnestBurvill,of42 Hubertstreet,VictoriaPark,is astudentattheChristianBrothers'college,St.George'sterrace,wherehehasbeenduxof hisclassoveraperiodofseveral years.Liketheotherlads,he tookandpassedalleightsubjectsinhisJunior.Hewas classedbyhisteacheras"agentlemanlyladwhohasgiven everysatisfactiontohisteachers."

Br.Bradley

IsBereaved

BrotherBradleyoftheChris-, tianBrothers'college,Leedervinereceivedwordyesterday fromhissister,anuninEngland,thathisyoungerbrother PatrickdiedinIrelandDec.8. Mr.Bradley,agrandfather, was4yearsofageandBrother Brayremarkedthathewas thesecondmemberofthefamilytodieonOurLady'sfeast.

HibernianSocietyAppointsH.S.Moir

AsGrandSecretarytoFillPostLeft VacantbyResignationofW.IvanKeogh

ThedistrictboardoftheHiberniansocietyhas appointedMr.H.S.Moirtothepositionofgrand secretaryofthesociety.Hewilltakeoverhis dutiesattheendofFebruary.Mr.Moiriswell known,notonlytomanyHibernians,butalsoto largenumbersofCatholics,andtothebusiness communitygenerally.

NCGMElections

TobeHeldFeb.5

AfinalremindertoBranch presidentsthattheannualelectionswillbeheldatthecouncil meetingonMondaynext,Feb 5.Themeetingwillcommence at8p.m.atheadquarters. ShentonParkFete, "LuxinTenebris"

Youmustcometoouropen airsummerfair.

Topurchaseourware, Ourpriceswillbefair

AustraliaLucky

Hewasonthedistrictboard1950hewasappointedagrand from1944to1950,andreachedauditor,whichpositionhewill thepositionofgrandvice-pre-nowrelinquish. sident.Hehasatalltimes"Itwillbeseen,"IvanKeogh, takenakeeninterestintheaf-grandsecretary,commented, fairsofthesociety,andhasheld"thatthechoiceofthedistrict variousbranchsecretaryships,boardhasfallenononewhois themostrecenthavingbeenSt.particularlywellfittedtohold Canice'sbranch,atCottesloe.Intheresponsiblepositionofgrand secretaryandisfamiliarwith thecurrentworkofthzsociety. Hewillbedeservingofthefullestsupportandco-operation frombranchofficersandmembersgenerally."

NottoHaveT.Y.

SYDNEY(NC).-Aformer governoroftheBritishBroadcastingCorporation,whoisvisitinghere,publiclybranded televisionassomethingcivilised peoplecouldwelldowithout. SheisMrs.R.G.A.Jackson, whowasawell-knownCatholic writerandeconomistinEnglandunderthenameofBarbaraWard.Shewasmarried recentlyandcametoAustralia.

Shesaidthatthepeoplehere wereluckytheyhavenotelevision,andhopedthatitwould notgettheofficialsanctionof thegovernment.

ShequestionedtheFacial valueoftelevisionasanentertainment,especiallyforchildren.

Shesaidthatchildrenwatch televisionprogrammesforfour andfivehoursaday,andthat sportsandotherout-dooractivitieswerebeingabandoned.She thoughtthatchildren'seyesightwasbeingimpairedandthattheyshouldbeusingtheir mindsandimaginationtobetter advantage.

Inalaterissuedetailswill bepublishedregardingthenew addressofthedistrictoffice,and arrangementsforthehandlingof itsbusiness.Theretiringgrand secretary,IvanKeogh,whohas resignedforbusinessreasons, willcontinuetopracticeascharteredaccountantathispresent office.

CathedralHibernians ToHaveGamesParty

ThefortnightlymeetingofSt. Patrick'sbranch,Cathedralparish,washeldJan.25,andthere wasagoodattendance.Much businesswastransacted,and thereweremanyinterestingdiscussions. Itwasdecidedthattwopast presidents'certificatesbeordered,anditishopedtheywillbe readyforpresentationinthe nearfuture.

Membersarenctifiedthatthe nextmeeting,Feb.8,willbea socialandgamesevening,and alltabletennis,quoits,anddarts playersandtheirfriendsare askedtoattend.Themeeting willstartat7.45p.m.

Andpleasedon'tdisappoint bynotbeingthere.

Thefairwillbeheldinthe schoolgroundsat8p.m.,on Tuesday,27Feb.Allproceeds aretohelpclearthedebtowing forlightsonbasketballcourts.

Thefirstgeneralmeetingof theShentonParkgroupforthe NewYearwillbeheldon Tuesday,Feb.6,andalarge attendanceisexpected.

SubiacoMeeting

Thenextgeneralmeetingof theSubiacobranchwillbeheld inSt.Joseph'shallonTuesday, Feb.6.at8p.m.Thiswillbea specialmeeting.

PalmyraLeaders

OpenActivities

ThefirstLeaders'meetingfor theyearofthePalmyrabranch washeldJan.18andthefirst danceonthefollowingSunday. Agoodtime,membersreport, washadbyall. TennisisplayedafterdevotionsonSundaynightsonthe courtsinthechurchgrounds.

N.N.Members

FormPicketLines

NEWYORK(NC).-Ahigh pointinthepicketingof"The Miracle,"Italianfilm,denouncedbyHisEminenceFrancisCardinalSpellman.Archbishopof NewYork,as"amockeryofour faith."camewhen1,100membersoftheNewYorkArchdiocesonUnionoftheHolyName societyjoinedthelines

TheHolyNamemenmassed infrontofahotelacrossthe streetfromthebeleaguredtheatre.TheycarriedsignsaskingNewYorkerstostayaway fromthefilm,whichwasdirectedbyRobertoRossellini.

S.BEECROFT BUTCHER.

181ROKEBYRDSUBIACO. OnlyPrime.FreshKilledMeat Sold Phone:W1373.

YCWSeeksLodgingforLadsComing ToCity;AppealisLaunchedbyMovement ForHelpinNecessary,LaudableProject

FromtimetotimetheY.C.W.hasbeenapproachedintryingtofindaccommodationfor youngCatholicmencomingtoPerthfromcountry districtsorelsewheie.Itwouldbeappreciatedif CatholicswhocouldassisttheGamesWillFollow movementinthisworkby boardingayoungCatholicmanLeedervilleMeet wouldwriteto"Accommodation Service."Y.C.W.headquarters, 81St.George'sTerrace,Perth. Theycouldthenbecontactedas theneedarose.

Ifyouwouldbepreparedto acceptyoungCatholicladsas boardersinyourhomepleaseringtheY.C.W.office,B2546. Pleasegivethismatteryour earlyandfavourableconsideration.

SummerSchool VotedSuccess

Thediocesanexecutivewishes toexpressitspleasureatthe successofthesummerschool, throughthemediumofthe "Record."Alargeandcomprehensiveprogrammewaseffectuallycarriedoutanditis, hopedtoseehealthierbranches during1951asaresult.A completereportontheschoolis featuredelsewhereinthisissue.

N.C.G.M.ONE-DAY CONFERENCE.

Aone-dax,Conferencefor Movementmemberswillbe heldonSunday,Feb.11,inthe ConventofMercy,Victoria square.Girlsshouldbring theirownlunches,andcupsof teawillbeprovided. Movementuniformshould beworn,ifpossible. Theprogrammeisasfollows:-

11a.m.:OpeningofconferenceatVictoriaSquare. Talk:"TheLayApostolate"PegO'Neill.Discussion. 12a.m.:Talk:"The1951 Campaign"-Rev.E.Sullivan,D.D.,D.Ph.,diocesan chaplain.

1p.m.:Lunch.

2p.m.:Readingofannualreportfor1950-ThelmaMurray,diocesansecretary, Talk:"TheEnvironmentand Contact"-EileenRewbottam...Discussion.

3.30p.m.:Talk:"MeansofInfluence"-PatKelly.Discussion, 4.15p.m.:Afternoontea.

5p.m.:ConclusionofconferencewithRosaryandBenedictionoftheBlessedSacrament,

CoolandComfortableMen AreWearing these

Notonly

offices,hotels,etc.Takeyourchoice fromchecks,marble,moire,jaspeorgranitepatterns.

PRINTED-18/6and22/5Yd.

AbeautifulselectionofEnglishandAustralianprints,in designstosuiteveryroominthehome.

RUBBER-4ft.wide,39/6Yd. Rubberflooringforlife-longwearsuitableforoffices,bathrooms,kitchens,etc. Aheavygraderubberwithanattractivemarbledesign.

COUNTRYCLIENTS.

Youareinvitedtowriteforsamplesofanylinoleumrequired. Immediateattentiongiventoallcountryorders,andall linoleumspackedfreeforrail.

Thegeneralmeetingofthe Leedervillebranchwillbeheld inSt.Mary'shallonMonday nightat8.15p.m.tobefollowed byindoorgames.Newandin-tendingmembersareaskedto bringsandshoesandshortsif theywishtotakepartinthese games. Nighttennisisalsoplayedat theLoftusparkcourtson Fridays.

HousePartyPlanned

ByMaylandsMembers

TheMaylandsbranchofthe Y.C.W.willholdahouseparty onMondaynext,Feb.5,the venue3610th.avenue,Maylands. Resultsofelectionsheldrecentlyareasfolows:President. KevinAppleton:vice-president, JimmyKelly;secretary,Brian Dunne;treasurer,Les.Fern; propagandist,LarryGibson;and census-keeper,D,McFegan. TennisclasseswillbeconductedbytheMaylandsbranch inthenearfuture.Theseclasses willbeopentoboysandgirls, andwillbeheldat3610th. avenue,Maylands.

Chaplain-HeroGels

SecondDecoration ALHAMBRA,Calif.(NC.)-

TheRev.OttoE.Sporrer(lieutenantcommander),chaplain servinginKoreawiththeU.S. Marines,hasreceivedasecond decorationforgallantryinaction. FatherSporrer,whohadalreadyreceivedtheBronzeStar forcombatheroismin wasawardedtheSilverStarfor helpingevacuatethewounded intheYungsanareanearthe NaktongRiverlastAugust18.

IntheValleyofDeathbey- ondNoNameRidge,Father Sporrerorganizedadetailof Koreanstretcherbearersto evacuatethewoundedfrom forwardpositions.Advancing underenemyfire,thechaplain ledtheevacuationteamacross theridges. Hiscourageralliedthestretcherbearersinthefaceof heavymortarandsmallarms fireuntiltheyreachedthefiring line.Thewoundedwerethen successfullyevacuatedtoaid stationsattherear.

GrowthofU.S.

Catholic

Press

NEWYORK(NC).-ThecombinedcirculationofU.S.Catholicnewspapersandmagazines passedthe15,200,000marklate in1950,accordingtoabulletin releasedherebythenational officeoftheCatholicPressassociation.Thislatesthighpoint inU.S.Catholiccirculationrepresentsanincreaseof134per centover1925,whenthecirculationwas6,500,000.

TheSovietPlanstoCombineInternal EconomicRuinWithMilitaryAggression

WhentheAustralianMinisterforExternalAffairs,Mr.1 Spender,warnedtheFederalCabinetlastweekthatthe internationalsituationhaddeterioratedsharplyandwas moreexplosivenowthanithadbeenforsometime,hehad lessinmind,perhaps,thetacticsoftheenemythanthedivisionswhichhavearisenamongtheAlliesoverKorea.Itis notedthattheAustraliandelegatestoU.N.O.havebeenin accordwiththeAmericanproposaltomeetChineseaggres- sionwithstrength.AssuredlytheBritishoutlookonCommunistChinaisverydifficulttoappreciate,evengrantedthe hugefinancialinterestsofEnglandinHongkong.Civilised meneverywherewillagreethatnoavenueforthepreserva- tionofpeace(orrather,itsrestoration)shouldbeleftunexplored;ontheotherhand,however,theexperienceof11 yearsoffutilediplomacyhasdemonstratedbeyonddoubt thatisisnotpossibletonegotiatewiththeSovietorits satellitesunlesstheconferencetableisringedwithbayonets.ThereisnosincerityinPeking,andthefalse alarmsemanatingfromtherearedesignedmerelytosecure delaywhichwillbeinterpretedinAsiaasweaknesspining forcompromise.

TheSoviet'slong-cherisheddreamofworldconquest isonthethresholdoffulfilment.Onlyoneconsideration holdsherbackfromunleashingthedogsofwar,andthat isthedestructivepoweroftheatomwhichAmerica holds.Atthesametime,thepossessionofthisunspeakablelethal'weaponcannotberegardedasanythingMore thanatemporaryshield.Nonationhasamonopolyof scientificintelligence,andRussiamust,withtheadditional aidsoftheftandabduction,eventuallybereadyforan atomicconflict.MeanwhilethecynicalmenoftheKremlinanticipattthatthethreatofwarwillbringabouteconomiccrisesthatmayunderminetherampartsofdemocracy. Indeed,untiltheend.ofWorldWarIItheSoviethadno reasonableexpectationofsuccessinarms.ItwastheastoundingconcessionsofTeheranandYaltawhichmade militaryaggressionpossible.Ifthiscouldbecombined withtheeconomicdebilitationofthedemocracies,world dominationmighthewithinRussia'sgrasp.

Itispartlyduetothesupersedenceofeconomicover militaryproblemsinthepublicmindthatitissodifficult togearthenationstoawhole-hearteddriveofprepared- nessiActuallythethreatwhichCommunistaggression hasraisedupagainstournationalexistenceisdouble-edged. Thefightagainsttyrannyisnotbeingwagedsolelyin Korea;theissueisjoinedalsoonthewaterfront,inthe mines,andinthefactories.Thereisroomforserious speculation,inthiscountryanyhow,astowhetherthe traitorswithinthegatearenotmountingtheindustrial stageforageneralstrike,whichisnotinfrequentlythe entr'actetorevolution.Thosewhoappreciatetheinner natureofthisstrugglewillrealisethatitisnotenoughto repelCommunismwitharms.Wemustalsorootoutthe saboteursofoureconomiceffortandgivepropersupportto buildingupamaximumproductivestrength.Nomatter whattechniquesareemployedtomeetstaggeringbudgets, thiscountrymustbepreparedtofacesomeretrenchmentin thestandardofliving.Itisidletosuppose.thatthegreatestmenacewhicheverfacedhumanitycanbeoverthrown withoutgreatandsustainedsacrificesonthepartofthose whoholdthefortofliberty.

W.H.BRANCH

StonehamStreet, OsbornePark.

ESTIMATESGIVENFORALLKINDSOFELECTRICAL WORK.BREAKDOWNSPROMPTLYATTENDEDTO

Phones:BJ1157;W2406

LOAM-MANURES-GRAVEL-SAND

AnyQuantityDelivered.LandscapeGardener.Graveland BitumenCourtsConstructed,LawnsLaidOut&Top-dressed A.E.CRANSTON,Contractor WarwickHouse,6"$t.George'sTce.,Perth.PhoneBA6331 SUPPORTOURADVERTISERS

.B.C.Boy,Nephew

1V.C.Winner,Gets untroonCadetship

AnephewofaVictoriaCross innerofWorldWar11hasreeivedwordthathehasbeen acceptedasacadetatthe untroonMilitaryaccademy. HeisKevinGurney,17,of 21Lockhartstreet,South omo.EducatedattheChrisianBrothers'college,St. eorges'terrace,hehasbeena ieutenantinthecollegecadet orps. Hisuncle,thelateArthur ;tanleygurney,wasawarded heVictoriaCrossposthumously orhisheroisminsilencing nachinegunpostsduringthe >attleforTel-el-Isa.

everleyIdentity,

Irs.J.A.Safe,Dies

Mrs.DorrittA.Safe,wifeof ohnAloysiusSafe,ofSt. tubyn's,Beverley,and61Sunburyroad,VictoriaPark,died uddenlyafteraheartattack an.24.

Mrs.SafecamewithherhusandtothisStatefromKew, ictoria,20yearsago,andthey adetheirhomeinBeverley.

TheVeryRev.Dr.E.Sullivan celebratedtheRequiemMassin St.Joachim's,VictoriaPark, Jan,26.PresentinthesanctuaryweretheRev.H.Kearin,the Rev.M.Giles,theRev.M.McKeon,andtheRev.J.Mullins. Dr.Sullivan,assistedbyFather McKeon,recitedthelastprayersatthegraveside. PallbearerswereMr.J.Doyle, Mr.D.F.Walsh,Mr.J.Ballenger,Mr.R.Maloney,Mr.W. Blechynden,andMr.C.Rattigan

Mrs.Safeissurvivedbyher husband,twosons.Johnand Thomas;threedaughters,Mary, Clare,andKathleen;twodaugh- ters-in-law,VirginiaandTherese;andason-in-law,Roy.

THESEVENDWARFS.

Therewasamagicmirrorin thefilmof"TheSevenDwarfs"; butthere'snomirrortotellyou abouttheCharities.Youmust trusttoluck.Buyatickettodayinthe596Consultation.First Prize£3,004).

IFYOUARETO ENSURE futureprosperity,youmustimproveyourqualifications.You canmakemoremoneybyacquiringknowledge.

OurCourseinACCOUNTANCYisahigherbusiness Courseofgreatvaluetoalldesiringtoincreasetheirpayand prospects.

Thefeesarereasonableand payablebyeasymonthlyinstalments.Tuitionisguaranteed untiltheDiplomaisobtained. irrespectiveoftimetaken.

Wehaveno"classes."The tutorsmovefromonestudent'to another,checkingworkcompletedandexplainingnewworicso thateachstudentprogressesaccordingtohisindividualability. Write,call,or'phoneB6010, B6561forourfreebooklet,"InvestinginYourself."

CITYCOMMERCIAL COLLEGE, COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE COLLEGE.

SheffieldHouse, 713-21HayStreet,Perth.

LENTENREGULATIONS,1951. SUMMARYOFTHEREGULATIONSFORFAST ANDABSTINENCE.

OnFASTdays,thoseboundtofastareallowedonefullmeal atmid-dayorintheevening.Inaddition,theyareallowedtwo lightmeals-oneofabouteightounces,andtheotherof,twoor threeounces.Anykindoffood,andhenceevenfleshmeat,may beusedatallthreemealsprovided,atthetwosmallmeals,the limitofeightandtwoonthreeounces,respectivly,benotexceeded.

2.OnABSTINENCEdaysfleshmeatandmeatsoupareforbidden.

3,Lardanddrippingmaybeusedondaysofabstinence,pro- videdtheybeusedmerelyasacondimentorseasoning.

4.Friday,unlessitbeaHolidayofObligation,isadayof abstinence.

5.AshWednesdayandtheFridaysinLentandEmberWeeks aredaysoffastandabstinence.

6.Mondays,Tuesdays,Wednesdays,ThursdaysandSaturdays inLent,andtheWednesdaysandSaturdaysinQuarterTense aredaysoffastwithoutabstinence.

7.ThereisnofastorabstinenceonSundaysorHolidaysof Obligation.

8.St.Patrick'sDayisexemptfromfast;ifitfallsonaFriday, itisnotexemptfromtheabstinence.

9.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirseventhyearaceboundby thelawofabstinence.

10.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirtwenty-firstyearare boundbythelawoffasting;theyceasetobeboundbyitwhen theyhavebeguntheirsixtiethyear.

11.Thosewhoareindelicatehealthorwhoareengagedin exhaustingwork,arenotboundtofast.Ofcourse,thosewhoare seriouslyillarenotboundbyeitherfastorabstinence.

12.OnthedaysmentionedinNo.6,thosewhoarenotbound to'astarenotlimitedbythelaweitherastoqualityorquantity ofthefoodtheywishtotake.

13.TheLentenFastandAbstinenceceaseatnoononHoly Saturday.

ArchbishopofPerth.

A.

3BULWERAVENUE,PERTH. 'PHONE:B8912. WeSolicit

44Y.C.W.Leaaers AtSummerschool

FatherCarolan's MotherSendsHer GratefulThanks

Thefollowingmessagewas receivedyesterdayfromMrs.E. Carolan,motherofthelate FatherEugeneCarolan,ofKiln House,Bailieboro,Co.Cavan, Ireland:

DIOCESANPROPAGANDISTofthe Y.C.W.,CliveWiltshire,ofVictoriaPark,chats withJuliusKovesi,aNewAustralian,whoescaped fromtheRedterrorinHungary,atthesummer schoolconductedbythemovementrecently.

ThevitalityoftheYoungChristianWorker movementinthisStatewasshownoverthepast week-end,when44leadersofthemovementgave uptheirholidaytoattendasummerschoolat Aquinascollege,Jan27-29.

Thethemeoftheconference wasbuiltaroundtheLeaders' group,itsmeetings,anditswork. Talksweregivenbythediocesanchaplain,theVeryRev.E. Sullivan,on"TheTheoryofCatholicAction;"JohnStamp, "TheMovement;''RayGleeson, "TheGospelMeditation;"Clive Wiltshire,"ContactandReview ofInfluence;"theRev.J.Depiazzi,"TheLeaderandHis Chaplain;"JimStewart,"The RogerRyan,

"ServicesandSpecialMonthly Meetings." Eachtalkwasfollowedbya dicsussionperiod:members usingspecialpointsarranged underthefamousmovement "enquiry"system. Theleadersfeltthatappreciableprogresswouldbenoted throughoutthebranchesasaresultofthisconference, Commentingontherecent "Drink"campaignandenquiry conductedbythemovement,the

10ChristianBrothersSingMusicFor MassMarkingGoldenJubileeofPort School:OldBoysTakePartinCeremony

Morethan70ChristianBrothers,representingthe12collegesandinstitutionsconductedby theOrderintheState,sangthemusicforthe solemnMassofThankgivingin St.Patrick'schurch,Fremantle, Jan.28,ontheoccasionofthe GoldenJubileeoftheChristian Brothers'collegethere.

Clericalex-studentswere prominentinthesanctuary:The Rev.A.E.Johnstonwasdeacon oftheMass,theRev.Mr.M. Newbolt,sub-deacon;theRev.J. Bourkepreachedtheoccasional sermon;Messrs.D.Hughes,P. Ahern,J.Peterson,andP.Pickersgill,allstudentsatSt.Charles'seminary,wereacolytesand thurifersfortheceremony.

HisGracetheArchbishoppresidedattheMass,whichwas celebratedbytheRev.A.Keohane,O.M.I.HisGracewasattendedbytheRev.L.O'Neill, 'Popish'StillFinds FavourinBlackNorth

WhentheNorthernIreland SenatedebatedtheShorterTitles Bill,Mr.W.M.Wiltonobjected tothedeletionoftheword "Popish"fromthenewtitleof the"ActfortheReliefofHis Majesty'ssubjectsofthisKingdomprofessingthePopishreligion."

Theexclusionofthatword,he said,wouldmaketheActrefer toallpeople,whereas,infact,it referredonlytopeopleofacertainreligion.

Mr.P.J.O'Haresaid:"Ihave noobjectiontotheuseofthe word'Popish,'foritbringsthe mindbacktoRome,thecentre ofChristendom,butinthiscase thewordisusedasatermof odium,andshowsthementality ofthepeoplewhooriginally passedtheBill."

Mr.Wilton'sobjectionwasnot accepted.

percentofyoungmeninPe:th drinkalcoholicbeverages.The "drinkhabit,"theysaid,usually startedatpartiesanddances; drinkinginparkedcarsnear dancehallswasoneofthemost objectionablefeaturesofanEvil whichisrapidlybecominganationalvice.Sincetheonusof proofofagehasbeentakenoff thebartender,theystated,it wasprettyeasyforunder-age boystogetdrinkinhotelbars. Tennis,cricket,andswimming wereenjoyedbytheboys.The cricketmatchwasparticularly colourful.Thereweregreen shirts,blueshirts,whiteshirts, andnoshirts.Shoesranged fromblack,throughthebrowns, tosandalsandsandshoes.The traditionalwhiteduckwasabandonedinfavourofmorecomfortablefootballshorts,bathing trunks.andkhakishorts.Peter Wells,presidentoftheSouth Perthbranchofthemovement, resplendantingreyslacks,grey sweater,andwhiteshirt,was votedthebest-dressedmanon thefield.

Asocialeveningwasheldon Sundaynight.FatherDepiazzi showedseveralfilms,KevinSullivanandCliveWiltshirecomperedaquizprogramme,John Wallaceentertainedonthepiano accordian,andalljoinedinthe communitysingingaroundthe piano.

Representativesofthevariousbranchesattheschoolwere asfollows:

Cathedral:R.Twomey,J.Kovesi,J.Stamp,M.Melia,D.Ross, P.Villa.

Claremont:R.Gleeson,J. O'Connell,M.Haydock,A. Palmer,K.Sullivan,andJ. Holmes.

Leederville:D.Beaton,D.Sutcliffe,J.Woulfe,P.Vaughan, .andA.Barker.

WestPerth:J.Donovan,W. Broderick,andD.Murfitt. VictoriaPark:C.Wiltshire.

Highgate:P.Slattery,J.Crowe, B.Foley,K.Barron,andP. McDowell.

SouthPerth:P.Wells, D. Lynch.A.Hall,P.Brophy.E. Davies,andF.Greep.

"Themotherandfamilyofthe lateFatherEugeneCarolanwish tothankHisGraceandallthe priests,Brothers,andnuns,and allwhoattendedtheRequiem MassandfuneralofFather Carolan.

"Sincerethanksalsotothe priests,Brothers,andSistersof theGoldfields,thePresentation Sistersof"Iona,"thedoctors Sisters,andnursingstaffofSt. John's,thekindfriendswhohad Massessaidforthereposeofhis soul,andallwhoattendedthose Masses,thosewhosentmessages ofsympathy.Wouldallplease acceptthisasatokenofvery gratefulacknowledgment."

Nedlands:F.Frank,F.Pimm, DSnedden,B.Lowe,andH. Child.

Maylands:K.AppletonandJ. Kelly.

Subiaco:R.Stewart,J.Stewart,andJ.Cook.

OsbornePark:J.Wallace Palmyra:E.BakerandG.Anderton

S.J.,andFatherBourke.The VeryRev.DeanJ.J.Rafferty andtheRev.T.O'Byrne.O.M.I., weremastersofceremonies. OldBoysformedaguardof honourfortheArchbishopashe enteredthechurch,whichwas packedwithstudents,ex-students,andfriendsoftheBrothers.

THECOMBINATIONOFHARDworkandstrenuousgameswas toomuchforY.C.W.LeaderJohnStamp,whoheadedforthenearestbed toresthiswearymindandbody.Anexplodingflashbulbonlyacoupleof feetfromhisfacedidn'thavetheslighesteffectonhisslumbers.

Headofthe'World'sSmallestRailroad, CardinalCanali,LikestoSpeedTrains

OffWithaShrillBlastofHisWhistle

HisEminenceCardinalCanali, aconnectionoftheformer royalhouseofSavoy,UnderSecretaryofStateunderPope PiusX.,AssessoroftheHoly OfficeunderPopePiusXI.,and to-dayamemberofmanyRomancongregationsandtribunals, occasionallytakesawalktoa buildingina.cornerofVatican City. Therehestandsonaplatform, putsawhistletohislips,blows ashrillblast-andoffmovesa train. ForCardinalCanali,ashead ofthepontificalcommissionfor theadministrationofVatican City,isinchargeoftheVatican'srailwaystation. And,asstationmaster,helikes nowandthentowhistlethe trainoff. MuseumPiece.

TheVaticanrailwayisthe world'ssmallest. Ithasonestation-amagnificentmarbleaffair-aquarterof amileoftrack,nopassenger traffic,andonetrain-whichis keptinamuseum.

Nevertheless,sincetheendof thewar,ithasbeenworkingto capacity.

Fromthestationrollhuge loadsofreliefgoodsconsigned bytheHolySeetonunciatures ineverystrickencountry)

Literatureisanotherexport, togetherwithreligiousobjects fromVaticanworkshops-the mosaicfactorygetsordersfrom everypartoftheworldandis alwaysworkingattoppressure. Intothestationcomesbulk trafficthatcannoteasilybe broughtbyroad.

Outgoingtrainspassthroughaa hugeirongateandtherelink upwiththeItalianStaterailway.

31YearsOld.

CardinalCanali,whohasan officeoverlookingtherailway, personallydirectsdeliveryof foodandfueltotheVatican City.

TheVaticanCityrailwaycame intobeingasaresultoftheLateranPactof1919.Thestation -namedSanPietro-wasopen-

PerthPriesttoSinginProgramme

HonouringSt.Patrick,Februai74

TheRev.J.Griffinwillbe heardsinging"TheWest's Awake"onSunday,Feb.4,in thefirstofaseriesofprogrammesbroadcastbytheSt. Patrick'sDaycommittee.

Theprogrammewillbeheard overradiostations8PR-TZ-CI at10p.m.,immediatelyfollowingthe"CatholicAnswer" broadcast. AlsofeaturedonthisprogrammewillbeabriefintroductorytalkbytheRev.M. Ryan,oftheCathedralstaff,a songbytheboysopranoBob McInerney,"ALittleBitofHeaven;"asongbythesoprano, FloraHughes,"FairyTalesof Ireland;"aviolinselectionof IrishairsbyBarbaraCorbett, and"Erin,theTearandthe Smile,"byamalequartet.

MissEileenLyonswillbeaccompanistfortheprogramme, whichwillbecomperedbyJohn Sullivan.

edth'esameyearbyPopePius XI. Ithadbeenintendedtobring passengersintothestation,but thisplanwasmadeimpossible bythetechnicaldifficulties.

IBARRA,Ecuador,Jan.19 (NC).-ThefirstEcuadorian womantoattainthedegreeof engineer-architect,MariaRodriguezMarcos°,hasjoinedthe CarmeliteOrderofnunshere attheconventofCarmel.She wasformerlypresidentofthe CatholicYoungWomenstudents.

ScriptureProf.Dies

CINCINNATI(NC.)-ArchbishopKarlJ.AlterofCincinnatiofficiatedataRequiem MassfortheRev.JosephT. RosenbauerinthechapelofMt. St.MarySeminary,wherehe wasaprofessorofSacred Scripture.The48-year-old FatherRosenbauerdied(January2)atGoodSamaritan Hospitalafterhavingbeen strickenwithaheartattackon December22.AnativeofGermany,theCistercianFather!fed nazipersecutioninthatcountry in1935,studiedinRomeand thencametotheUnitedStates in1939.

rt

CatholicSchoolsGive £2,088toMissionAid

BrigidineSchools

St.JOSEPH'SSUBIACOMerit:RonaldMullane,ValerieClarke,EileenO'Sullivan. Pass:BrianKelleher.

JUNIORUNIVERSITY

ExaminationResults

HUBBLE,Janet:9subjects.

MASLEN,Margaret:9subjects.

MONAGHAN,Mary:8subjects.

WADDINGTON,Ann:8subjects.

O'CONNELL,Mary:7subjects. AddingtoJuniorCertificate.

ALEXANDER,Chrissie:1 subject. MURRAY,Patricia:1subject.

ALLIANCEFRANCAISE.

DivisionIV.:

MaryMonaghan(Distinction) JanetHubble(Distinction). ChrissieAlexander(Distinction) MargaretMaslen(Distinction). PrizeWinners. MaryMonaghan(3rd.),Janet Hubble(5th.).

COMMERCIALRESULTS.

NATIONALBUSINESSCOLLEGE,SYDNEY.

Shorthand-DiplomaGrade:

Honours:ChrissieAlexander,93.

Credit:MaryMonaghan.

IntermediateGrade:

Honours:MargaretMaslen.

ElementaryGrade:

Credit:PatriciaTate.

Typewriting-DiplomaGrade:

Credit:ChrissieAlexander, AdvancedGrade:

Honours:JeanWhite.Mary Monaghan.

JuniorGrade:

Honours:MargaretElliot,Joan Kerrigan. Credit:RosemarySchmidt.

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

PIANOFORTERESULTS.

PreliminaryGrade: MargaretElliot,90:Rowena Houlahan,KathleenChesson, TerryBickford.

FirstGrade:

Credit:ValerieCox,Barbara Clarke,AinslieMeddemmen, MargaretQuill.

Pass:RosslynMattiske.

SecondGrade:

Credit:JudithMurray.Judith Jackson,JudithForster,Janice King.

Pass:RichardLeslie.

ThirdGrade:

Credit:BryanElliott.

Pass:GeraldForster.

FourthGrade:

Pass:PatriciaTate, FifthGrade:

Credit:AilsaClarke,Patricia Murray.

Pass:JanetHubble.

SixthGrade:

Pass:AnneMoignard. SINGING.

SixthGrade:

Pass:ThelmaMurray.

ARTOFSPEECH.

FourthGrade:

Credit:MargaretMaslen,PatriciaMurray,JanetHubble, MaryMonaghan. THEORY.

ThirdGrade:

Honours:JanetHubble.96; AilsaClarke,92;ChrissieAlexander,92;MargaretMaslen.

Credit:AnneWaddington,PatriciaTate.KathleenCranley, EileenHealy.

Pass:PatriciaMurray,MaureenMiller, TRINITYCOLLEGERESULTS. PIANOFORTE.

InitialGrade:

Honours:KerryMcAuliffe, MichaelWorner, Merit:PatriciaKerrigan.

FirstSteps:

Honours:AinslieMeddemmen, MargaretPierce.

Preparatory:

Merit:JudithJackson,Judith Murray.

Junior: Honours:BernadetteMcCabe, q0;MarciaDwyer.

CLASSSINGING.

Preparatory:

Merit:Boys'Choir.

Junior:

Honours:JuniorGirls'Choir.

VERSESPEAKINGCHOIRS.

Preparatory:Hcmours, Junior:Merit.

Senior:Honours.

PERCUSSIONBANDS.

FirstSteps:Honours.

Preparatory:Honours,91. ELOCUTION.

FirstSteps:

Honours:MaureenRiley(92), MaureenRyan,MargaretHarris.

Preparatory: Merit:MichaelWorner,MargaretPierce.

AdvancedPreparatory:

Honours:JudithJackson(92), JaniceKing(90),GaleHoyne, KevinMcAloon. Merit:MoyaWhite,Ainslie Meddemmen,SusanneKer.

Junior:

Merit:MargaretJermy.

Intermediate: Honours:BernadetteMcCabe (93),JoyPower.

Merit:KayeVollprecht.

Senior:

Honours:KathleenCranley.

AdvancedSenior: Merit:JeanWhite.

THEORY.

Junior:

Honours:BernadetteMcCabe (91).

Associate,HarmonyandRudiments:CecileMilner.

.OURLADYOF VICTORIES'SCHOOL, WEMBLEY.

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

PreliminaryPianoforte: MargaretHatcher,Leonit Caudwell.

FirstGrade:

Credit:LorraineFlanagan, PenelopeGalvin,JanetYoung.

Pass:PhilipPeel.

SecondGrade:

Credit:ElaineDoig.

ThirdGrade:

Credit:FranceneFordham, JenniferDoig.

Pass:DianneWilliams.

TRINITYCOLLEGE.

Initial:

ELOCUTION.

Honours:HilaryRyan(91), JoanBrennan.

FirstSteps:

Honours:MarilynRyan,Judy Brennan,MaureenO'Sullivan. Merit:DenyseBonser,Joyce Moylan,BrendaMetcalf,

Preparatory:

Honours:JudithMunckton.

Merit:VickiMizen.

AdvancedPreparatory:

Honours:PenelopeGalvin, LeeWaddington,MaureenLeslie,ChristineHill. Merit:PamDillon,PatMunckton. Junior: Merit:FranceneFordham, JuniorChoir: Honours(90).

PreparatoryChoir:

Honours:Girls.

PreparatoryChoir: Honours:Boys(91).

SINGING.

PreparatoryGirls'Choir:Merit.

PreparatoryBoys'Choir:Merit. PIANOFORTE.

AdvancedPreparatory:

Honours:ChristineHill.

PERTH'S

FASHIONABLEDININGROOMS, Cr.LakeandJamesStreets(upstairs).Phones:BF1589;BA2529. ContinentalCuisineatitsBest. WeddingsandPartiesCateredFor. UnderPersonalSupervisionofJOEAGRESTA.

OLIVERSTRANGMOTORS

WANTINGTOBUYCARS.

ThousandsofPoundsofDisposalstoClear. WONDERFULBARGAINS

161ALBANYROAD,VICTORIAPARK.M1078.

SUPPORTOURADVERTISERS

WEAVER&LOCK

HIGH-CLASSAERATEDWATERS WESPECIALISEINCORDIALS.

TEL,:MU1831. SUBURBANROAD,SOUTHPERTH

N.LOVELOCK

BASSENDEANBAKERY, BAKERandPASTRYCOOK,etc. TEL.UL123. WESTROAD,BASSENDEAN.

SCHOOLSANDCOLLEGES

CHRISTIANBROTHERS,MT.HENRY. ONEOFTHEASSOCIATEDPUBLICSCHOOLSOFWA, AQUINASCOLLEGE

Phones-HeadmasterandStaff:MU1862.Matron:MU1520. FORBOARDERSANDDAYSTUDENTS. Boysadmittedfrom7upwards. BeautifullySituated,overlookingtheRiver,nearthenew CanningBridge. ForParticularsApplyto

ThePrincipal,AquinasCollege,CanningParade,Mt,Henry.

ST.ILDEPHONSUS'COLLEGE NEWNORCIA

CONDUCTEDBYTHEMARISTBROTHERS. BoysacceptedfromSixthClasstoLeavingCertificate. EarlyApplicationisSuggestedfor1951. ForProspectusandfo!'conditionsgoverningenrolmentwrite THEBROTHERSUPERIOR.

SACREDHEARTHIGHSCHOOL HIGHGATE-PERTH

BOARDINGANDDAYSCHOOLFOkGIRLS.

PupilsPreparedAllExaminations. ForProspectusapplyRev.MotherPrioress.PhoneBA3810

'ThePassingParade',by

JohnA.Toomey

FoolishThingsMustHappeninaWorld

ThatRejectstheSourceofTrueWisdom

ALTOGETHERDEVOIDOF thenovelandtheextraordinary, thelatestbehaviour-patterns slavishlyfollowesthecustomarymodernmodes.. Asa consequenceofthisconformity, theseven-dayperiodwasjustan average,mid-centuryweek. SettingfootinSweden,a10year-oldgirlevangelistfrom Floridainauguratedherthird preachingtourofEurope.

InPaterson,N.J.,thestrikeof kindergarten-to-third-grade pupilscametoanend. Elopementswerestaged. In Baltimore,ayoungmanand woman,bothmentalpatients, escapedfromanasyluminorder togetmarried. Alsoescapingfortheweddingwasthe bestman,anolderpatient.

EASY-GOINGDOGOWNERS werepenalised.InLondon,the NationalHealth§erviceinformedawomanitwouldnotreplaceherfalseteeth,maintainingitwasthewoman'sfault thatherdogchewedthedenturestobits. Inneraversionswereexternalised. In Oshkosh,Wis,acitizen,after burningdownhis$4,000home, explainedtopolice:"Ididn't liketheneighbourhood."

Clarificationswereissued.

InChicago,aneighty-one-yearoldbridegroomabouttomarry aneighty-one-year-oldbride, veryemphaticallytoldinsinuatingreporters:"Idefinitelyam notgettingmarriedtoavoidthe draft."

THEWEEK'SSOCIALATmosphere,withitsmodern flavour,developedinmultiple ways. Staterivalriesflared up. InLosAngeles,the weathermanassertedthatair flowinginfromFloridahad causedthescorcher.Inrebuttal,theFloridaforecaster characterisedtheexplanationas "hotairfromCalifornia,"and added:"Wedon'thaveweather thathotinFlorida.Itmust havecomeoffadesert." The perilsofmodernurbanlifewere glimpsed. InAtlanta,jit-

ARTHUR

E.

terytenantsfoundafull-grower foxroamingarountthesecond flooroftheirapartmenthouse... THROUGHOUTTHEWEEK, back-seatdriverswerebusy... InNewJersey,abusdrivenhad awomanpassengerarrestedfoe herhighlycriticalcommentson themannerinwhichhedrove hisbusduringacross-town trip. InNorwich,Eng.,a citizen,hailedintocourtfor drivingthrougharedlight,told thejudge:"Itcouldnothave happened.Ihadwithmemy wifewhomIconsiderthefinest back-seatdriverintheEmpire." Unimpressed,the judgeimposedafine. The publicattitudetowardsports figureswasprobed. InNewark,N.J.,alawyeraskedprospectivejurorsinadamagesuit: "Doyouentertainbitterfeelings towardbaseballumpires?My clientisaNationalLeagueumpire."Thosequestioneddisclaimedanimositytowardumpires.

ASINTHECASEINMOST modernweeks,warningvoices wereraisedconcerningpresentdayirreligion. TheProtestantchaplainofafashionable secularcollegeforgirlsintimatedthatthetypicalcollegestudentknowsnothingabout Christianity,andurgedmeasures toprotectstudentsfromindoctrinationbyatheisticprofessors. Inaddition,amagazinearticledeploredthe'widespreadspiritualilliteracyoftoday. Thefar-flungindifferencetoreligionamongthemodernheirsoftheReformation derivesfromtheemasculated Christianitythathasbeengiven them. OfalltheChurches whichderivefromtheReformationnotoneto-dayispossessed ofChrist'sfullrevelation. OnlytheCatholicChurchstill possessesthis. Thelast fourcenturieshavedemonstratedthatChrist'sfullteachingandsacramentscannotbe preservedoutsidetheCatholic Church.-"America."

DAVIES

&

CO (WALLACEA.H.GREEN)

FUNERALDIRECTORSANDEMBALMERS

PERTH Cr.Beaufortand BulwerStreets. B9400

CLAREMONT Opposite RailwayStation. F2177

FREMANTLE: 85Market Street. L2225

WHITEROCKQUARRIES

FOR ALLGRADESOFMETALFORROAD CONSTRUCTIONANDCONCRETEWORK

'PHONES:B8866;88989.AFTERHOURS:MW532, 7thFloorCOLONIALMUTUALLIFEBUILDINGS,PERTH

FLOWERS

FORALLOCCASIONS

OurFloralDepartmentisfullyequippedtohandleyourorders forFlowers,attheshortestnotice.BridalSuites,Presentation Bouquets,Wreaths,etc.,tastefullyarrangedbyourexpertFloral Artists.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS&DAHLIAS

OurNew1950Listwillbepublishedshortly.Pleasecallin (1_writeforone.TheyareFreeandPost-Free.

HowTheyFoundtheChurch

SpecialFeaturebytheRev.JohnEbel

FinalArticleSumsUpTheFaith

UncertaintyonSupremeRealitiesCauses

(Lastofaseriesbasedon "TheRoadto.Damascus,"currentbestsellereditedbythe Rev.Dr.JohnA.O'Brien, Doubleday&Company,Inc., GardenCity,N.Y.,$2.50.)

"Truth,theChurchbelieves, isitsownadvocateanditsown salesman;tobeaccepted,it needsbuttobestatedsimply andclearly."

"ThisrestraintoftheChurch," saysFatherO'Brienintheconcludingchapterofhisbookcontainingthehistoriesofhow15 notedconvertsfoundCatholicity,"issometimesconstruedas lackofinterest Between insistentsalesmanshipandutter indifferenceverginguponunfriendlinessthereisagolden mean-areasonableinterest temperedbothwithfriendliness andrestraintinacquainting others,especiallythosewithno definiteChurchaffiliations,with theteachings,credentials,philosophy,anddevotionallifeof theCatholicfaith.

"Wefollowthegoldenmean. Wecontentourselvessimply withsayingthatif,afterlisteningtothestoriesofthese pilgrims,apersonwishesto learnmoreabouttheCatholic faith,hewillbegivenevery reasonableassistanceandguidance.Hecansecuresuchinformationbyconsultingany Catholicpriestorlayman,and byreadinganyauthoritative expositionoftheCatholicfaith.

"WhenIgnatius,theBishopof Antioch,wasbeingledtomartyrdom,"relatesFatherO'Brien, "aRomansoldieraskedhim leeringly:'WhoisthisChristian Godofyours?'Gazingintohis sensual,brutalface,Ignatius replied:'YoushallknowHim whenyouareworthyofHim.' Anopenmind,aconsciencesensitiveto echoingofthe morallaw,andaheartfullof loveforGodandmanwilllead thehonestsearcheralongthe roadtoDamascusandintothe visionofGod."

RealityofGod&Church GivePurposetoLife

"Theuncertainties,bewilderments,andconfusionsthatconstitutethespiritualdistemperof ourday",declaresFatherO'Brien,"aretraceabletoman's uncertaintyconcerningthe threesupremerealitiesofthe spirituallife;God,JesusChrist, andtheChurchwhichHe founded.Thesearethetranscendentrealitiesthatalonegive meaning,purpose,anddirection tohumanexistence.Without them,manislikeashipwithout

arudder,tossedaboutbyevery windthatblows.Uncertainty aboutthesetruthsparalyzesthe nervesofactionandfillsman withavastnostalgiathatnothinginallthematerialuniverse canrelieve "GnawinguncertaintyconcerningapersonalGod,aheavenlyFather,perhapsmore thananyotherfactor,hasdesiccatedandwitheredthespiritual lifeofmillionstodayandfills themwithacosmicennui,a hauntingloneliness Godis notameredream;Heisnota hypothesisortheprojectionof ourhopesanddreamsuponthe frailcanvasofillusion.Heis themeaningoftheuniverseand thehopeofhumanityHegives acosmicundergirdirgtothe idealsoftruth,justice,and righteousnesswhiChpointlike slantingarrowsoflighttothe Sourcefromwhichtheyemanate.

"'ToknowGod,'saidDante, 'istolearnhowtomakeour liveseternal.'Longbefore Dante,St.Johnproclaimedthis importanttruth.almostlostin thecontemporaryfog:'Thisis eternallife:Thattheymay knowThee,theonlytrueGod, andJesusChristwhomThou hastsent'."

"Thesecond'factor,"continuesFatherO'Brien,"thatis responsibleforthewitheringof thespirituallifeofmillionsis vaguenessaboutthenatureof JesusChrist IfJesusisdivine,thenHeisentitledtoour homage,loyalty,love,andobedience.Hespeakstouswiththe authorityofGodHimself.The counsels,commandments,and teachingswhichHegivesus arethoseofGod.Therevelation whichHebequeathstoallmankindbecomesadivinerevelation oftimelessandunchanging truth.TheChurchwhichHe foundsandclotheswithHis powerandauthoritybecomes aninstitutionthatcannomore misleadhermembersthanGod Himselfcouldmisleadthem

"Thethirdfactorresponsible formuchoftheprevoailinguncertaintyconcerningthecontentofdivinerevelationand theconsequentreligiousconfusionandbewildermentistPte widespreadignoranceconcerningtheinstitutionwhichfor morethan19centurieshasproclaimedtheteachingsofher Founder,JesusChrist.Divinein heroriginandinherteachings, sheishumaninherofficialsand inhermembership.ThathistoricalChurchistheextensionof theIncarnationandtheperpetuationofthevoiceofChristto men."

KIRBY'SJEWELLERS PLAZAARCADE, PERTH.

PHONE:B7388.

L.HARTY(LateDunklings,Ltd.),Manager.

SpiritualDistemper

"Thecravingforunity,for consistency,forcertainty,can besatisfiedonlywheretheprin- cipleofauthority,established byChrist,standslikearockof Gibraltaragainsttheshifting windsofprivatefancy.The CatholicChurchhaspreserved herunityofbeliefandpractice through1900yearsbecauseshe hasneversurrenderedtheauthorityconferreduponherby herdivineFoundertoteach Hisdoctrinesunerringlytoall mankind.Inembracingthat faith,onedoesnotsurrender hisreason:Hesimplyemanci-patesitfromthepossibilityof errorbybringingitunderthe sweetyokeofChrist,whois TruthIncarnate."

WhatQualitiesofSoul

LeadtoVisionofGod?

figures"Viewedfromtheoutside,the inthestained-glasswin- dowsofachurchmayappearblurred,meaningless,andeven grotesque.Viewedfromwithin, thegrotesqueriedisappearsand themeaningandbeautyofthe figuresbecomeimmediatelyap- parent:Sotootheteachingsof Christ,whenviewedfromthe inside,fromthevantageground offaith,takeonvastlyincreased clearness,beauty,co-ordination, andcogency."

Theseekeraftertruth,points outFatherO'Brien,"willprofit largelyinproportiontothe open-mindednessthathebrings" tothesearch."NotlessessentialinfindingGodthananopen mind,however,areapureheart andaclearconscience.AhungerforGod,athirstforrigh- teousness,asensitivitytothe morallawandawillingnessto walkinthepathsofhumility, mercy,purity,andlovearerequisitesforthevisionofGod.

CatholicTruthsAre FoundinParadoxes

"TheMotherChurchofhistoricChristianitypossesses thoseparadoxicalqualitieswhichChestertonwasquickto perceiveandquicktoadmire. Sheisthegreatestconservative forceintheworld,yetthemost adventurous;shepossessesthe mellowwisdomof2,000years andtheeagerenthusiasmof youth;shediscardedtheheresiesof15centuriesagothat have-becomethenoveltiesof today;shedoesnotembrace everynewscientifictheorythat ismarshalledintothepublicsquarewiththeblareofatrumpetsandthebeatingofdrums becauseshedoesnotwishtobe awidowthedayaftertomor- row."

"'Themomentmenceaseto pullagainsttheCatholic Church,'Chestertonsays,'they feelatugtowardit.Themomenttheyceasetoshoutit downtheybegintolistentoit withpleasure.Themomentthey trytobefairtoittheybegin tobefondofit.Butwhenthat affectionhaspassedacertain pointitbeginstotakeonthe tragicandmenacinggrandeur ofagreatloveaffair."

TheCatholicAnswer

ImmersionandEffusionWereBothUsed

AsBaptismalMethodsbyEarlyChurch

"L.B."ofARMADALEisgenerousinhispraise.

"WhilstIamastaunchProtestant"hewrites"Ilovemany Catholicpeopleandtheyhave beenatowerofstrengthtome -especiallyFatherMaloneyof St.Mary's,Leederville."

A.:IhopeFatherMaloneyis listeningtoreceivethatorchid withablush.

"Yet,""L.B."goeson,"the doctrinesofyourChurchvery oftenconfuseme.Willyou kindlyexplainfromwhereyou gotyourformofBaptism?"

A.:"L.B.",listenersmight haveguessedisaBaptistand believesthatthebaptismbyimmersionistheonlyformsanctionedbytheSacredScriptures. Catholics,onthecontrarybe" lieveinthebaptismbyeffusion. TheybasethisbeliefonTraditionandimplicitlyatleaston theBible.Let'slookatitthis way:Theword'baptise'does notnecessarilymeantoimmerse. Themeaningofsuchaterm, theologically,isdeterminedby theecclesiasticaluseofit,which istowashandnotexclusively byimmersion.

Youclaim"L.B."thatSt. Johnbaptisedbyimmersion. Thatisnotclearevenfromthe textyouoffer.Itispossiblethat hedidso,ofcourse,becauseimmersionwasthemode,though nottheexclusivemodeofbaptismamongsttheJews.

Butevenifimmersionwere John'smethod,thatisofno greatimpchttofollowersof ChristasevenJohnhimselfrecognisedthathisbaptismwas a anddifferentbaptismfromChrist's thatChrist'swouldsupersedehisown."Ihavebaptised youwithwater:ButHewill baptiseyouwiththeHoly Spirit."St.Paulinsistedthat John'sbaptismwasnolonger sufficient."Haveyou,"heasked thedisciplesinEphesus,"Have youreceivedtheHolySpirit sinceyebelieved?Buttheysaid tohim:Wehavenotsomuch

asheardwhethertherebea HolyGhost.Andhesaid:In whatthenwereyoubaptised?

Whosaid:IntheBaptismof John.ThenPaulsaid:John baptisedthepeoplewiththe BaptismofPenancesaying: Thattheyshouldbelieveinhim whowastocomeafterhim, thatistosay,inJesus.Having heardthesethings,theywere baptisedinthenameofthe LordJesus."(Acts1,9/2-5).

Whatthenwastheformof baptismpracticedbytheApostlesandtheearlyChurch?I thinkitsafetosaythanimmersionwastheformused,but notexclusivelyso.When,for example,St.Peterbaptised 8000convertsintwodays (Acts2/41,4/4)thereisno reasonablegroundforsupposingthatheimmersedthem. Indeedsomeexpertorother haspointedoutthatthetopographyoftheHolyLand provesthatthereisnotenough waterinthebrookKedron duringtheseasonwhenPeter discoursed,toimmerseanyone.

TheJordanwas20milesfrom theplace.Dr.WilliamSmith, protestantauthorofthe"DictionaryoftheBible"says:

"ThelanguageoftheNew Testamentoftheprimitive fatherssufficientlypointstoimmersionasthecommonmodeof Baptism.Butinthecaseofthe jaileratPhilippi(ActsVI,33) andofthethreethousandconvertedatPentecost(ActsII),it seemshardlylikelythatimmersionshouldhavebeenpossible.Moreovertheancient Church,whichmostlyadopted immersion,wassatisfiedwith effusionincaseofclinicalbap- tism-thebaptismofthesick anddying."

Ithinkthisshouldanswer sufficientlyyourquestionand ridyouofconfusion.

YourPostScript,"Ilisten withgenuineinterestevery Sundaynight"givesmemuch pleasure.Keeplistening-and writing.

MostCasesofAtheisticProfession

MayBeTracedtoaCorruptHeart

"INTERESTED"ofRIVERTONwritesaninterestingletter whichconsistsoftwoself styled"comments'"andaquestion.Thesecond"comment" was,Ithink,sufficientlycommenteduponinmyrecent broadcastontheDogmaofthe AssumptionofOurBlessed Ladyintoheaven.Hereisthe firstone.

Istheresuchapersonasan atheist?Idon'tbelievethereis. Itisoftheveryinmostessence ofman'snaturethatwhether hebethemostprimitivesavage,oracivilizedpersonhe hasinsomedegreeanawarenessorconsciousnessofGodofaSomeone.Itmaytakemany wierdforms,butbasicallyand distilleddowntothefinalessence,itisaconsciousnessof God."

A.:Onthewholeyouare notfarfromthetruth,"Interested,"thoughonemustbe carefulofexactterminology. Thereisanatheismthatiscallednegativewhichholdsthat

HaveyourRacquetRestrungor RepairedbyNorm.Keast,expert stringer,14BonMarcheArcade.

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ture,Traditionandtheteaching

loftheChurchemphatically

insisrontheeasyknowabilityof Godweneedheretofindan answertothequestion:Is Atheismpossible,andhowisit possible?

Attheoutsetonemustcarefullydistinguishbetweenatheisticsystemsofdoctrineand individualprofessorsofatheism. Thehistoryofphilosophyshows beyondadoubtthatthereexist philosophicsystems which eitherexpresslydenyorin theirultimatepremisesvirtuallyexcludetheexistenceof God.Whatpracticaleffectthese theorieshaveinthelivesofthe peoplewhoholdthemisdifficulttojudgeforweknow thatmany,atleast,whilepropoundingtheseatheisticpremisesstillseektoupholdabeliefinGod.Thisseemsalittle contradictory-butthereitis.

Concerningindividualatheists thequestionarises:Canthere betheoreticalatheistsinthe positivesenseoftheterm?Itis certainthatnomancanbe fiirmlyandhonestlyconvinced ofthenon-existenceofGod.

For,inthefirstplace,nohuman beingenjoyingthefulluseof reasoncanfindareallyconclusiveargumentforthethesis thatthereisnoGod.Inthe secondplace,theconsciousness ofwhichyouspeak,thatthere isaGod,issodeeplyingrained

ByREV.FR.P.J.TRACEY,S.J.

inthehumanheart,andhas suchatremendousbearingon lifeanddeath,thatitisimpossibleforanymantoridhimselfofitforanyconsiderable time.Foreverythinkingmanis constrainedbythelawofcausality,consciouslyorunconsciouslytoreason:Wherethere isorder.someonemustexist whoproducedit;now,nature evincesawonderfulorder; thereforetheremustexista super-humanpowerthatproducedit,namely,God.

Ashasbeenhintedabove, evenlearnedmenmay,from quasi-conviction,temporarily harbouraspeciesofdisbelief; though,ofcourse,thisalways involvesgraveguilt.Aswehave itinPsalm13-"Thefoolhas saidinhisheart:Thereisno God."Notscientificacumennor adesirefortruth;'butfollyis thesourceandfountainheadof atheism.Inmostcasessuch follyistraceabletoacorrupt heart,asSt.PaulplainlyintimatesinhisEpistletothe Romans.

Thenumberofrealatheists isimpossibletoascertain.It dependsonconditionsoftime, ofcircumstances,ofdegreeand methodofeducation,andon variousotheragencies.Ourage boaststhesorrydistinctionof beingimmersedinafloodof Atheismwhichitmaytakea socialrevolutiontoabate.

LifeStoriesofChrist'sApostlesAre DerivedFromUnsatisfactoryTraditions

-INTERESTED"ofRIVERTON. Finally "Howdidthe ApostlesandSt,Pauldiei.e. howdiddeathcometothem?I knowJudascommittedsuicide, andSt.PeterIunderstandwas crucifiedupsidedownona cross-saltier,buttheothers?...

A.:Ithinkthebestwayto answeryourqueryistotake verbatimfrom"ADictionaryof Saints"thethumbnailsketches setoutthereandgivethemto youintheordersetdownby St.Mark.Youwillseethatwe havetorelyonhistoricaltraditionagooddeal,whichisnot verysatisfactorybutwhich servesourpurpose.

Andnowforyourquestion:RockIwillbuildmyChurch..." (Matt..XVI.15-19);instriking contrastishisthrice-repeated denialofhisMasteratthe houseofCaiphas.Peter'spreeminentpositionamonghisfellowsisclearbothbeforeand afterourLord'sascension.He mayhavebeenforatime BishopatAntiochbutitwasat Romethatheestablishedhis permanentsee,afactthatisno longerseriouslyquestionedby anyone.Hewasmartyredabout

67,beingcrucifiedheaddownwardsintheCircusofNeroon theVaticanhill,wherehisbody nowrestsbeneaththeBasilica thatbearshisname;fromthat daytothistherehasbeenan unbrokensuccessionofsupreme PontiffsoftheUniversalChurch, BishopsofRomeandinheritors oftheuniqueresponsibilityand powersconfidedbyJesusChrist toSt.Peter.Thejointfeastof St.PeterandSt.Paulhasbeen keptatRomeonJune29probablyatleastsincethebeginningofthefourthcentury.

JohnWasNotMartyred

St.John,"thedisciplewhom Jesusloved,"isoftendistinguishedinEnglishas"theDivine,"thatis,"theTheologian." HewasaGalileanfisherman andyoungerbrotherofSt. JamestheGreater;tohimwas committedthecareofHisblessedMotherbyourLordonthe cross,St.Johnwastheauthor ofthegospelwhichbearshis name,ofthreecanonicalepistles,andoftheApocalypse.He istheonlyoneoftheTwelve Apostleswhoiscertainlyknown nottohavebeenamartyr, dyingatEphesusabout100,at agreatage.Thefeastcalledof "St.JohnbeforetheLatin Gate,"keptintheWestern ChurchonMay6,probably commemoratesthededicationof achurchattheplacebythe PortaLatinaatRomewhere,

Continuedonpage11

M1158 L1460

MEADSON&CO. FUNERALDIRECTORS

190ALBANYROAD

VICTORIAPARK

33CANNINGHIGHWAY

EASTFREMANTLE

theexistenceofGodis"unknowable,"becausethereareno argumentstoproveit.Positive atheismpostulatesaflatdenial oftheexistenceofasupreme beingapartfromtheordinary worldofcreation. NowseeingthatHolyScrip-

SimonPeter,leaderor "prince"oftheApostles,wasa fishermanontheSeaofGalilee, wherehelivedwithhiswifeat Bethsaida.Themostimportant andstrikingoftheeventsofhis lifeinPalestineasnarratedin thegospelsishisconfessionof faithinourLordandChrist's subsequentchargetohim, "ThouartPeteranduponthis

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POSTY'S ISTLE

DearGirlsandBoys,-

Theholidaysareover,andnow it'sbacktowork.Ihopeyou hadthetimeofyourlivesduring thelongbreakandthatyou're readytodoyourbestatschool.

Don'tforget"theCorner"and writeinsoon.Bestwishes. UNCLEMAC.

GreatFolkAsLittleFolk.

Girl'sBraverySaves

Ship'sCrewFromDeath

AlittlegirlnamedMargaret whowasbornandbredinafishingvillageontheScottishcoast, wassleepingalonewithher motheronesummernight.While thedarkhoursworeaway,the windroseandthewavesgrew bigandtossedtheirmanesas theycamedashingontothe shore.Themothersandsistersinthefishercottagesawoke andstartedatthesound.They knewitmeantdangertotheir dearonesawayinthefishing boats. Asmorningdawned theystoodontheshorestraining theireyesinsearchofsails. Whiletheywaitedtherethey sawtotheirdismayashipheavingupanddownonthewaves, driftingnearerandnearertothe sharprocksandhelplesstosave itself.

Thelittlecrowdstretchedout theirhandshelplesslytothe menontherigging.Therewas notafishingboatontheshore; allthestrongmenwereaway fishing,andwhoamongthe smallgroupcouldhavelaunchedaboatinsuchasea.Yetit washeart-breakingtoseemen perishbeforetheireyes."If onlythelifeboatmencould know,"criedonewoman.Margaretheardwhatshesaid.and abrightthoughtcametoher. Sheaskediftheboatcouldhold togetherwhilesheranforthe lifeboatfourmilesalongthe coast.Someoneshoutedthat sheshouldnotbeabletocross thestream,butMargaretwas off.Fourmilesandtheflooded-burn(stream)laybeforeher.

Itragedlikeananimal:its bankswereflooded;andworst ofalltheplankbridgehadbeencarriedawaybytheterrible flood.

IntothewaterMargaret plunged.Itnearlycarriedher offherfeet,andshegaspedand shudderedasitchilledher throughandthrough.Then, rallyingallherstrength,she forcedherbodyagainstthecurrentand,inchbyinch,pressed on.Andsotheworstwasover andshewasoutoftheburn.

Atlastthetotteringfeetof thisbravelittlemaidreached thevillagestreet,andshehad juststrengthenoughtocryout thattherewasashiponthe rocksbeforeshelostconsciousness.Butshehaddoneher work.Kindwomanlyhands claspedher,andthelifeboatwas launchedandaway.

Margaret'sdeedwasnotin vain,forthelifeboatwasin timeandsavedthecrewofthe shipontherocks.-Fromthe "Children'sEncyclopedia." *

FortheNatureLover.

BoyScouts'Founder TellsImportanceof NoticingLittleThings

Theevidenceofoneleaf:orthe importanceofnoticingeven littlethings. Afascinating storytoldinLordBaden

Powell's"ScoutingForBoys."

Iwasonedayduringthe Matabelewarwithanativeout scoutingneartheMatopohills overawidegrassyplain.Suddenlywecrossedatrackfreshly madeinthegrass,wherethe bladesofgrasswerestillgreen anddamp,thoughpressed

down.Allwerebendingone way,whichshowedthedirection inwhichthepeoplehadbeen travelling.Followingupthe trackforabititgotontoa patchofsand,andwethensaw thatitwasthespoorofseveral women(smallfeetwithstraight edgeandshortsteps)andboys (smallfeet,curvededgeand longerstrides),walking,not running,towardsthehillsabout fivemilesaway,wherewebelievedtheenemywashiding.

Therewasoneleafaboutten yardsoffthetrack.Therewere notreesformilesaround,but weknewthattreeshavingthis kindofleafgrewatavillage 15milesawayinthedirection fromwhichthefootstepswere coming.Itseemedlikely,therefore,thatthewomenhadcome fromthevillage,bringingthe leafwiththem,andhadgoneto thehills.

Onpickinguptheleafwe founditwasdampandsmelledofnativebeer.Theshort stepsshowedthatthewomen werecarryingloads.Sowe guessedthat,accordingtocustom,theyhadbeencarryingthe potsofnativebeerontheir heads.themouthsofthepots beingstuffedupwithbunches ofleaves.Oneoftheseleaves hadfallenout:butwefoundit tenyardsoffthetrack,which showedthat,atthetime,awind hadbeenblowing.Therewas nowindnow(i.e..atseven o'clock),buttherehadbeen someaboutfiveo'clock.

Soweguessedfromallthese littlesignsthatapartyof womenandboyshadbrought beerduringthenightfromthe villageandhadtakenittothe enemyinthehills.

Theenemywouldprobably starttodrinkthebeer,andby thetimewegotthere,wouldbe gettingsleepyandkeepingabad look-outandsoweshould haveafavourablechanceof lookingattheirposition.

Thiswedid.Wemadeour observationsandgotaway withouthavingbeennoticedat all.

Boastsannouncethattheyareagaintakingenrolmentsfor their1951DraftingCourse.Thenewcourseconsistsof34threehourlessonsatatotalcostof£13/13/-,payableL3/3/-onenrolment,balancebyeasypaymentto20th.lesson.Lessonsmay behadonceortwiceweekly,asdecided.Youareassuredof satisfactionatBoans.EnrolmentsatSewingMachineDept.,2nd. Floor.MurraySt.End.

ElementaryDiplomaCourse

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LET'SHAVEAPOEM (FortheLasses).

(Aperfectlittlegemofapoem writtenbyDr.RobertBridges, oncethePoetLaureate.) Iloveallbeauteousthings, Iseekandadorethem: Godhathnobetterpraise. Andmaninhishastydays Ishonouredforthem.

I,too,willsomethingmake. Andjoyinthemaking; Altho'to-morrowitseem Liketjieemptywordsofa dream, Rememberedonwaking.

TheWeek'sThought

Thesecomenotback-the spokenword,thespedarrow, andtheneglectedopportunity..*

St.AgathaShowed ExampleofPurity

AndGreatBravery

SaintAgathawasamost beautifulmaid.Butshewas somethingfarbetteraswell,for Godhadmadeherpureand good.AgathalovedJesusso muchthatshevowedshewould nevermarry.Herbeauty,however,hadattractedtheattention oftheGovernorofSicily,and hesentsoldierstobringherbeforehim.

WhentheytookherSaint AgathaprayedtoJesusand askedthatthetyrantgovernor wouldhavenopoweroverher. Aftershehadbeenbroughtbeforehimhemadelovetoher, butshescornedhisadvances. Thismadehimangry,arldhe hadherconsignedtoprison.He hopedthatprisonwouldfrighten her,but,instead,hershining goodnesshelpedwickedwomen toforgettheirsinsandtolove Jesusferventlylikeshedid. Thegovernorwasfurious, andhadhertorturedcruelly. Buteventhatcouldnotbreak herspirit,forsheenduredher trialsverybravely.Finally GodcalledhertoHimandjoyfullyshewenttoherhomein heaven.

LeaveMeWithaSmile

ThefamousProfessorBlackie, ofEdinburghUniversity,was unabletotakehisclassesona certain pinnedday.Accordinglyhe thefollowingonthe noticeboard:

"ProfessorBlackiewillnot meethisclassesto-day.'

Thecollegewag,notingthis, thoughthewouldshortenthe messagealittle.Afterhehad doneso,themessageread:

"ProfessorBlackiewillnot meethislassesto-day."

Theresultingroarsoflaugh-terbroughttheprofessoroutto makeinquiries.Hereadthe noticeagain,watchedbyhundredsofbrightyoungeyes.He was,however,equaltotheoccasion.Afurtheralteration andthemessageread:

`ProfessorBlackiewilnot meethisassesto-day."

FORTHEBOOKWORM

WalterdeLaMare: ApupilofaWestAustralian Stateschooloncewrotetothis greatpoet, meaningaskinghimthereal of"TheListeners."The poet'sreplywas:"'TheListeners'hasnospecialmeaning.To eachreaderitmayconveyadifferentmeaning,andwhatever beautyhemayfindthat,forhim, istherealmeaningofthe poem."

RupertBrooke: "Thereareonlythreethings intheworld.Oneistoread poetry,anotheristowritepoe- try,andthebestofallistolive poetry."

900OrphansAre FlowntoSafety

ByRev.PatrickO'Connor, SocietyofSt.Columban (Correspondent,N.C.W.C,News

Service).

SEOUL(NC,Mail).-Offtheywent,intothewild,blueyon- der-964Koreanorphansflown bytheU.S.AirForcefromthis citytoanislandhavenoffthe SouthKoreacoast.

FifteenC54softheCombat Cargocommandevacuatedthe childreninaflightprobablyun- paralleledinthehistoryofany airforce.Theorphansranged inagefromsixmonthsto13 years,and'morethan100were ill.Theplanescarrieda15daysupplyoffoodforthechildren.

Theairevacuationwasadramaticsequeltoaprojectbegun nineweeksagoforSeoul'schild victimsofthewar.

Homelesschildrenweredying ofhungerandexposureonthe streets.Otherswanderedin rags,beggingfromGI'sand dartingforscrapsoffoodingar- bage.Existingorphanageswere crowdedandshortofsupplies. U.S.servicemenwantedto help.Theyaskedtheirchap- lainswhatcouldbedone.

OnenightlateinOctober,five mendecidedtowaitnolonger foranofficialreliefmachinery, buttostartanemergencyorphancentreimmediately,somewhere,somehow,withtheservicemen'shelp.Oneofthe fivewasMsgr.RobertJ.Sherry, ofCincinnati,chaplainatthe 8th.Armyheadquarters.With himwereCol.WallaceWolverton,ofEvanston,Ill.,anEpiscopalianchaplain,twoAmerican RedCrossmen,andaU.N. official.

'

-thesparklingsymbolofjoythatsays-

Withtwoheartsbeatingasone,thegreatest thrillofaromanceiswhenyouselectyour StewartDawsonDiamondEngagementRing "Iloveyou"everyminute-everyhoureveryday-forevP, 146

"NextdaywewenttoMayor Li,ofSeoul,andaskedhimfor ahouse,"thechaplainstoldme. "Hegaveusalargeschool building.FourKoreanSisters ofSt.PaulofChartresranthe kitchen."(TheseSisterswere alreadycaringformorethan 300childrenintheirownhardpressedorphanage.)

"MonsignorSherryarranges forgroundtransportation,while Itakecareofairtransport liaisonfortheorphans'centre," saidChaplainWolverton.The Rev.JamesF.Normile,ofBoston,Catholicchaplainwiththe 5th.AirForce,wasanothergood friendtotheSeoulorphans.

BRYANT&WATERS

80to90STIRLINGST.,PERTH. WOOD&COALMERCHANT.

OrdersPromptlyAttendedTo. PHONEBA3938.

JOIN

ChristiansMustNotBowtoInterests

OfGreatPowersinAllowingCompromise

OnInternationalisationofJerusalem

ROME,Jan.20(Radio,NC).-Thelackof solidarityamongdristiansregardingtheirinterestsinPalestineisthesubjectofanarticleto-day in'IIQuotidiano,"ItalianCatholicActionnewspaper.

Thearticlecriticises"manywhichareintimatelyboundto Protestantcommunities,and''problemsofpeaceandhuman evensomegovernmentsofCatholicnations,"forshowingevidenceofbeingundertheinfluenceof"missionariesofTsrael" orpreferringtoconsiderthe strategicneedsofgreatpowers.

Thearticlewasinspiredby reflectionsontheChristmasobservanceatBethlehem,which sawthetraditionalNativitysolemnitiescarriedonamidvivid remindersofthearmedtruce prevailingthereandthefact thatpeaceisentirelylackingin theplacewhereitwasfirstproclaimedtoallmenofgoodwill.

"FourhundredmillionCatholicsoftheworldformlnemost numerous,thestrongest,and mostcompactreligiouscommunity,"thearticlesays."Their viewpointhasbeenexpressedin theclearestwaybytheHoly Fatherintwoencyclicals,one apostolicexhortation,anda Christmasmessage:OnaninternationalregimeforJerusalem andenvirons,thesafeguarding ofotherHolyPlaces,theprotectionofthehistoricalrightsof Catholicismandfreedomforinstitutions."

ItalyandotherCatholicnationscannotfailsuchprinciples.

dignity,"thewritersays.Every othersolution,thewriterconcludes,willbedictatedbythe interestsandplayoftwogreat powers,and,willnotguarantee thelastingsecurityofthoseterritoriesbyremovingthemfrom hatred,wars,andprofanations.

DancingLessons

leachPoliteness

LONDON,Jan.11(NC).MountSt.Mary'scollege,Spinkhill,nearSheffield,Yorkshire, oneofBritain'sleadingJesuit schools,nowteachesdancingto theboys. Everybodyfeltthatthiswasa naturalwayoftrainingboysin courtesyandchivalry,saidthe collegerector,theRev.E.A. Dignam,S.J.Theboys'sisters werehelping,andtheyhavealreadyhadwhatFatherDignam describedasan"outmatch"with anearbyconvent. The"CatholicHerald,"British Catholicweekly,commented: "It'sveryusefultobeableto danceadequately-aswellas verycharitabletodancingpartners."

Cows,RoastPigs,andKegsofSaltBeef AreBroughtasSamoanGirlsTakeVows

APIA,WesternSamoa,Jan.20(NC).-Ceremoniesaccompanyingthefirstvowsforreligious professionhavesomedifferentaspectsinthe Samoanislands.

RecentlyfiveyoungSamoan womenrecitedtheirfirstvows asMisionarySistersoftheSocietyofMary,inthepresenceof BishopJosephparnand,Vicar ApostolicoftheSamoanislands. andalargegatheringoffaithful. Theceremonyinthechurchwas heldinaccordancewiththetraditionoftheMisionarySisters.

Buttheceremonyoutsidethe churchwas"fa'aSamoa"-ac-

tales!RussianDictionaryGivesNew Definitionsto'Religion'and'Bible'

ZURICH,Switzerland,Jan.19 (NC).-The StatepublishinghouseinMoscowhasissuedwhat itcallsadictionaryofforeignwordsinwhichitdefines"religion"and"Bible,"accordingtoapress reporthere.Thedefinitionsfollow:

"RELIGION:Afantasticunscientificbeliefingods,angels, spirits,etc.Christianitywas establishedatthetimeofthe collapseoftheancientslave system.Religionissupported andencouragedintheinterests ofreactionarycircles.Itserves intheoppressionofworkers andthebuildingupofthe mightofplunderingbourgeois classes.Theliquidationof bourgeoissocietyandtheestablishmentoftheCommunist systemhasdestroyedthebasis orreligionandputthelawsof naturalscienceintheplaceof thecunning,shrewdliesthat arepropagatedbyallreligions. TheCommunisteducationof workers,theactiveparticipationinafree,socialisticsystem oflife,theprofoundperception

VictimofSpanish RedsmaybeRaised

ToGloryofAltar

VALLADOLID,Spain,Jan.19 (NC).-Anecclesiasticaltribunal topromotethecauseforbeatificationofformerBishopFlorentinoAscensioBarroso,ofBarbastro,hasbeeninstitutedhere. Hewasbrutallyputtodeathby Communistsin1936.

Reportsrevealthat,theBishopwasarrestedbytheCommunistsandlatersubjectedto terriblebeatingsandmutilation. Believinghimdead,theCommuniststhrewhimintoacemeteryditchwithotherbodies. Whenitwasdiscoveredhewas stillalivetheyshothim.

ArchbishopAntonioGarcia.of thisSee,whopresidedatthetribunal,willreceivestatements fromwitnessesofhissufferings anddeathandreportsonvirtues andmiraclesattributedtoBishopBarroso.

Hewas60yearsofageatthe timeofhisdeath.

ALEXRODOREDA TURFCOMMISSIONAGENT.

802HAYSTREET.

AGENTFORW.A.CHARITIES RingB5841andB521$.

antiliteraladaptationofthe scientificallybasedteachingsof MarxismandLeninismhave overcomethesuperstitionsof thesurvivingreligions. "BIBLE:Acollectionoffantasticlegendswithoutscientific basis.Fullofdarksuggestions, historicalerrorsandcontradictions.Servesasaninstrument of,powertotheChurchforthe purposeofsubjugatingthe ignorantpeople."

cordingtoSamoancustom.Religiousprofessionhereislooked uponastheequivalentofasolemnmarriage.For"tea"beforetheactualprofessionceremonyat10a.m.,thefamiliesof thefivewomenfurnished1,700 doubleloavesofbread'four sacksofsugar,50cakes,20 poundsofbutter,17tinsofjam andtwotinsofbiscuits.

Intheafternoonthefamilies returnedwithfivebigwedding cakes,tensmallerones,27roastedpigs,tenslaughteredcows, and.22kegsofsaltbeef.

NotShot,JustShod

PUNO,Peru,Jan.19(NC).Whentheweddingparty reachedthefrontofSanJuan churchhere,thegroomreeled, stumbledupthealtarsteps, andfelloverthealtarrail.

TheRev.JamesC.Connell, Maryknollmissionaryfrom SanFrancisco,thoughtthat somethingdisastroushadhappenedtotheman,untilhis sacristanwhispered: "Thereisnothingwrong, Padre,exceptthatthegroom iswearingshoesforthefirst timeanddoesnotknowhow towalkinthem."

ThereseNeumannDescribesVisionsof OurLady'sAssumptioninNewBrochure MUNICH,Jan.18(NC).-Thevisions ThereseNeumann,famedBavarianstigmaticof Konnersreuth,hashadoftheAssumptionofthe BlessedMotherintoHeavenaredescribedindetail inabrochurerecentlypublished.

Itisentitled,"TheAssumptionoftheBlessedVirginVisionsofThereseNeumann." Itwaseditedincooperation withThereseherselfandher pastor,theRev.JosefNaber. TheeditorisDr.Johannes Steiner.

Thereseinhervisionssaw theBlessedMotherdieinthe armsofSt.John,inthepresenceofalltheApostlesand the"holywomen."Hersoul,accordingtoTherese,"roseto

JAS.

heavenlikearayoflight."The Apostlesassembledabouther bodyandthewomenpresent thenprepareditfortheburial inatombintheCedronvalley.

Theresesawtheburialina secondvision.Inathirdshe sawhowangelscarriedthe transfiguredbodyofOurLady fromhertombtoHeaven.She describeshowChristHimself receivedtheBlessedMotheras theQueenofHeaven.

FAIRLIGHTSTREET,MOSMANPARK.

'PHONE:F2396-ONEQUALITY-THEBEST.

MaltandWholemealBreaditSPecialitY.

ChurchUnderSeigeinChina

MassCanbeSaidanyTime,DayorNight BishopstoAppointDeputiestoDioceses

TOKYO,Jan.20NC).-BishopsinChina maygranttheirprieststhefacultytoofferMassat anytimeoftheday,whereverasmallcongregation ofpeoplecanbegathered.

Thisfacultywasgrantedall OrdinariesbyArchbishopAntonyRiberi,PapalInternuncio toChina,whomaintainshis officesatNanking.Theconcessionwasmade"inorderto copemoreeffectivelywiththe peculiarneedsofthetime,"accordingtoacopyoftheorder receivedhere.

Atthesametimeitbecame knownherethatallBishopsin Chinahavebeenurgedtoappointaseriesofpriests/whocan takeovergovernmentofthedioceseoneafteranother,should theBishopinanywaybeimpededfromexercisinghisministry.

CathqlicDoctors

PlanLondonRally

LONDON,Jan.18(NC.)TheseventhinternationalcongressofCatholicdoctorsmaybe heldinLondonin1955,itwas statedattheannualmeetingof theGuildofSS.Luke,Cosmas andDamianatthehospitalof St.JohnandSt.Elizabethhere. Theguildisthenationalsociety forCatholicdoctors.TheHospitalofSt.JohnandSt.ElizabethisthebiggestCatholic medicalcenterinthemetropolis.

AncientMysteryPlaysWillbeStaged AgainDuringFestivalofBritain

LONDON,Jan.18(NC).-Forthefirsttime sincetheyear1580MysteryPlaysaretobeperformedinthiscountry.

Theyconsistofacycleof48, dealingwiththestoryofthe Creation,thefallofLucifer, thelifeofOurLordandrun throughthemaineventsof Christianbeliefdowntothe LastJudgment.

Theannouncementwasmade inbehalfoftheYorkMystery Plays,whichhadbeenperformedannuallybythecraft guildsofCorpusChristinpreReformationdays.Theyareto berevivedaspartoftheFestivalofBritaincelebrationsand willbeseenforthefirsttime since1580fromJune3to June17.

Theplayswereoriginally acterontwo-deckertrucks called"pageants,"eachofwhich wasownedanddecoratedbya

separateguild.Eachpageant wastrundledaroundacityto 12stations,ateachofwhich themembersofthecastperformedaone-actplay.

Hardyspectatorswouldgather atthesepointstoseethewhole cyclebetweendawnanddusk.

FortheFestivalproduction theplayswillbeperformedon thegroundsofSt.Mary's Abbey,oncethegreatestmonasteryinnorthernEngland.

Tomeetmodernrequirements, theplaysarebeingstreamlined tolastthreehoursinall.

LANCASTER,England,Jan. 18(NC.)-BishopThomasE. FlynnofLancasterhaspromisedtobaptizetheseventhchild ofanyCatholicfamilyanywhereinhisdiocese.

Whenyouhave

St.Aloysius'HighSchool,Toodyay

EXAMINATIONRESULTS,1950

CONVENTOFMERCY.

TRINITYCOLLEGE-June.

THEORY.

JUNIORHonours:DoreenHooper. ValerieDonegan.

PREPARATORY-

Honours:KennethWaters. VeronicaHeeps.

FIRSTSTEPSHonours:ClaudiaBird. MaureenHarrington. JaniceEdmonds. MonicaHayes. ReginaO'Sullivan. BeatriceEdmonds.

JUNIORHonours:HelenHagan. Merit.VeronicaHeeps.

SENIORVERSESPEAKINGCHOIR.

ELOCUTION:

ADVANCEDPREPARATORYMerit:JudithSyred. JaniceO'Neil. KennethWaters.

PREPARATORYHonours:GeraldineO'Sullivan. Merit.VeronicaKing. HelenColeman. VernaEdmonds.

FIRSTSTEPSHonours:ReginaO'Sullivan. ClaudiaBird.

PREPARATORYHonours:ReginaO'Sullivan. SENIORVERSESPEAKING CHOIR:Merit. JUNIORVERSESPEAKING CHOIR:Honours.

JUNIORSINGINGCHOIR: Honours:

PREPARATORY SINGING CHOIR:Merit.

UNIVERSITYMUSIC

RESULTS-October,1950.

PIANO-FIFTHGRADE: DoreenHooper:Credit.

ClaudiaBird.

NormaLloyd. ReginaO'Sullivan. MonicaHayes. BeatriceEdmonds. JaniceEdmonds.

ErnestForsythe. WendyClarke. CathrineSyred.

ELOCUTIONFOURTHGRADEPass:MaureenO'Sullivan, THIRDGRADECredit:VernaEdmonds. JoselynHayes,

GIRLS' HelenHagan. GeraldineO'Sullivan. HelenHaywood. VernaEdmonds. JudithSyred. VeronicaKing. Merit. HelenColeman.

TRINITYCOLLEGEMUSIC, August,1950.

PIANOSENIORHonours:DoreenHooper. INTERMEDIATEMerit:BeverleyDixon.

BOYS'SCHOOL.

Mr.M.P.RYAN,W.A.O.A.

desirestoannouncethathehasentered intopartnershipwith CHAS.M.NELSON,F.S.M.C. (LONDON) AND J.M.RULE,W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRISTSand

FORRESTPLACE,OPPOSITEG.P.O.,PERTH For

B6787

BeatriceEdmonds. MaureenHarrington. Merit:JaniceEdmonds. PamelaPatten. Pass:MaxChitty.

INITIAL-

Honours:DorothyHooper. CoralWhite. Merit.HeatherWhite. MargaretKing. MargaretGray. Pass:BruceColeman.

JUNIORSINGINGCHOIR.

FOURTHGRADE: MaureenO'Sullivan:Credit.

THIRDGRADEVeronicaHeeps:Honours. HelenHagan:Credit.

SECONDGRADEJoslynHayes:Credit. JudithSyred:Credit.

FIRSTGRADEGeraldineO'Sullivan:Honours MarieCallahan:Credit.

PRELIMINARYPass:MaureenHarrington.

UNIVERSITYJUNIOR

CERTIFICATE.

MAUREENO'SULLIVAN:6i subjects. KENNETHWATERS:6subjects.

LOISMARKEY:5subjects. JUDITHHAGAN:3isubjects.

COMMERCIALRESULTS.

NewtonBusinessCollege.

SHORTHAND.

JUNIORGRADE: MaryMcCarthy:69%

JUNIORVERSESPEAKINGCHOIR.

Toodyay-Continued

MarleneFrank:75%.

JudithDriessen:75%.

GeraldineO'Sullivan:72%.

VeronicaKing:70g.

TYPEWRITING.

MaryMcCarthy:79%.

MarleneFrank:82%.

JudithDriessen:87%.

S

Geraldine°Sullivan:82%.

VeronicaKing:88%.

RobertThompson:87%.

RobertLee:81%.

BOOKKEEPING.

JUNIORGRADE-

MarleneFrank:85%.

GeraldineO'Sullivan:86%.

MaxineMarkey:80%.

DanutaNagajek:81%.

JoslynHayes:72%.

BeverleyDixon:76%.

JaniceO'Neil:82%.

VernaEdmonds:99%.

INTERMEDIATEGRADE-

MaryMcCarthy:79%.

JudithDriessen:76%.

VeronicaKing:81%.

RobertLee:76%.

HelenHagan:95%.

EdwardNagajek:78%.

.theCatholicAnswer

accordingtoanoldbutunreliabletradition,theapostlewas thrownintoavatofboilingoil byorderoftheemperorDomitianandwasdeliveredunharmed.

LittleKnownofEight

AllthatisknownaboutSt. James,brotherofSt.Johnthe Apostle,istobefoundinthe gospels.Hewasafisherman fromBethsaida.Outsideof Spainalmostallscholarsof considerationandcriticalstudentsofhistoryagreethatthis apostleneverpreached.the gospelinSpain;andthereisa likeagreementthathisrelics werenotconveyedthitherafter hisdeathandenshrinedatSantiagodeCompostela.

Andrew,brotherofSt.Peter, wasthefirstofChrist'sapostlesintheorderoftime;allthat iscertainabouthimisfoundin thegospels.Heissaidtohave preachedthegospelinAsia MinorandGreeceandtohave sufferedmartyrdombycrucifixionatPatrasinAchaia.His allegedrelicswerestolenfrom Constantinoplein1210andnow restinthecathedralofAmalfi inItaly.St.Andrewisthe patronsaintofScotland,Russia,andGreece;hisnameoccurs twiceintheliturgyofthe RomanMass,intheCanonand intheembolismoftheLord's Prayer.

TheapostlePhilipismentionedseveraltimesintheGospel ofSt.John.Accordingtoan oldtraditionhepreachedthe gospelinPhrygiaafterPentecost.anddiedatHieropolis.It isnotknownforcertainwhether hewasmartyred.

Beyondhisexistenceasone oftheTwelve,nothingiscertainlyknownofBartholomew. Manyscholarsidentifyhimwith Nathanael.Thestoriesofhis missionaryactivityinIndiaand martyrdominArmeniaarenot reliable.

Beyondwhatistoldinthe Bible(e.g.,thathewasataxcollectorbyprofession),nomore isknownofSt.Matthewexcept thathewrotethegospelthat bearshisname.Thesceneof hispreachingisnotknown.nor isitcertainthathediedamartyr. AllthatisknownofSt. ThomastheApostle,called Didymus,i.e.,"thetwin,"iswhat istoldinthegospels:hisincredulityaboutOurLord'sresurrectionhaspassedintoproverbial speech.Anoldbutunverified traditionmakesSt.Thomasthe apostleofsouthernIndia(wherethereareChristiansofearlyori-

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younger,wastheapostleWho becamefirstBishopofJerusalem.Hewasmartyredabout 62bytheJews,beingstonedto death,or,assomesay,thrown fromapinnacleofthetemple. St.J-meswasthewriterofthe epistleintheBiblethatbears hisname. NomentionismadeofSt. Simon,"theZealous,"inthe Bibleexceptthathewasoneof theTwelveApostles.St.Jude (Thaddeus)isusuallyregarded asbrotherofSt.JamestheLess, and,wastheauthoroftheepistlewhichbearshisname.Accordingtothetraditionofthe West,S.S.SimonandJude weremartyredtogetherinPersia,butthematterisveryuncertain.

bablyacquitted,madeafourth missionaryjourney,toMacedonia,andthenreturnedto Rome,wherehewasmartyred aboutthesametimeasSt. Peter.Thereisareliabletraditionthathewasbeheadedon theOstianWay,wheretheBaSilicaandtheabbeyofSt.Pauloutside-the-Wallsnowstand. Apartfromhispersonalmissionarywork,-St.Paulhashad, throughhisletters,aninfluence onChristianityandChristians thatonlyincreasesastheyears andcenturiesgoby.Inevery liturgicalofficeofSt.Peterin theRomanriteacommemorationismadeofSt.Paul,and viceversa,andthewholeoffice ofJune30isdevotedtohis honour.

St.Barnabas:"Hewasagood man,fulloftheHolyGhostand offaith"(ActsXI,24),and,followingtheexampleofSt.Paul, theChurchhasalwaysnumberedhimamongtheApostlesbecause,althoughhewasnotone oftheTwelve,hewasdivinely setaparttoaccompanySt.Paul onhismissionaryjourneys.He issaidtohavebeenmartyredin Cyprus,about60,andisnamed intheCanonoftheRoman Mass.

JaundicedStories

OftheTudorPeriod

"Enquirer,"ofAttadale,asks threequestions:

(1)Inanswertothefirst:The templeinwhichOurLordwas presentedandinwhichHe

preached,wasthethirdJewish templeatJerusalem.Thefirst. builtbySolomon,abouttheyear 966B.C.,wasdestroyedbyNabuchodenosorin586.Thestructurethatreplaceditwaspulled downbyHerod,whoin19B.C. begantobuildasplendidtemple.Inthisunfinishedtemple, Christwasafamiliarfigure.It wasfinishedinduecourse,but onlyaboutsevenyearswhenthe RomansunderTitusdestroyed.it in70A.D.

(2)Inreadingthehistoryof theTudorperiodyouneedtobe onyourguard.Noperiodhas hadsuchdifferentaccountsgivenofit,norhasprejudice againsttheChurcheverbeenso violentlydisplayedasbythe plunderersoftheChurchinthat timeandbymanyofthosewho tellthestoryoftheplundering. But,itisalsotrue,thatatthat time,therewereecclesiasticsin highplaces,Wolseyhimselfwas one,Cranmeranother,whose liveswereinmarkedcontrast tothelivesofSt.JohnFisher andthemartyrs.Wolseyand hiskindmadelightoftheir priestlyvowsandobligations, andtheirlivesgaveapretextto thosewhowishedtoenrich themselvesbythespoilofthe Church.

(3)YouwillfindSt,Mary Magdalendepictedinthelast threeofalmostanyseriesofthe StationsoftheCross.Small picturesmaybeavailableatCatholicbooksellers,butIcannot tellyouwherethereareanyreproductionsofthegreatwo;ks ofartinwhichshehasbeendepicted.

Continuedfrompage7 gin),anditstatesfurtherthathefromTarsusinCilicia,whose wasmartyrednearMadrasandlifeisrelatedintheActsofthe buriedatMylapore. Apostlesandhisdoctrineset JamestheLess,i.e..theforthinhisEpistles.Hewas welleducated,andasSaulthe Phariseebitterlypersecutedtne ChristianJews,onlytobetouenedbythehandoftheLordand convertedontheroadtoDamascus.HismissiontotheGentileswasaccomplishedinthree famousjourneysoverwestern AsiaMinorandGreece,"in perilsofrobbers,frommyown nation,fromtheGentiles,inthe city,inthewilderness,inthe sea,fromfalsebrethren;inlabourandpainfulness,beaten, stoned,shipwrecked,imprisoned."Havingbeenimprisoned atCaesareainconsequenceofa tumultraisedbytheJewsat Jerusalem,Paul,asaRoman citizen,appealedfromtheprocuratorFestustotheemperor; accordinglyhewastakento Rome,where"heremainedtwo wholeyearsinhisownhired lodging,andhereceivedallthat cameintohim."Hewaspro-

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PARLIAMOUN

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Solitudine,%dud°,Invidia, Dituttocio'e'impastatala Eppurebasterebbe torelisaiimotivi,tosaiche lasolitudine,lasfiducia,l'invidia.itpettegolezzo,l'odio,sono icardinisucuis'imperniala realta'deinostrigiorni,chedi loroe'impastatalanostravita, tosaichesipuo'evitarelosfacelomorale,solchesicredae sisperinelsegnodiunagrandeverita'dimenticatadatutti:LA. FEDE,chenoiemigrantiabbiamorelegatofragliammennicoli mortidellasuperstizione. Solitudine,sfiducia,invidia, pettegolezzo,odio,eccoitarli roditoridellaComunita'Italiana.Tucheleggipensichesia sadismoitmettereanudole nostrepiaghe,vero?Seguimie tiricrederai.

SOLITUDINE:

FiguratiunodeitantiemigrantiItalianidapocoarrivato, ebbenefigurateloinmezzoalla folla,camrnina,siagita,guarda, osserva,scruta,mainfondoai suoiocchic'e'dnafissita'edun sensodivuoto.Quell'uomoe' solo:senteintornoaseitdesertopopolatodafantasmidi uominichehannociascunoit propriodoloreelapropriagioia: tagliatifuoridalui,staccati. Vorrebbesentirrisuonareaccantoase,sullasuastradaun passofrancod'amico,udireit sussurrodiunavoceincoraggiante,sullaspallaitpremere leggeroeconfortantediuna mano.Malafollalocirconda, lopressa,loperseguita,loassorbesenzacomprenderloeit suocuorebattescandendol'angosciadisentirsisolo,vorrebbe scacciareitpensierodeisuoi lontaniperche'icariricordigli procuranounostazioindicibile, eallafinetentaditrovarenel herequellmelisirchetuttofa scordar"enonsiaccorgeche hagia'scesoitprimogradino diunaallettante,ambigua,traballantescala,llsecondogra- dino,propedeuticoalprimo,si chiama:

SFIDUCIA:

Fruttodellungoabbattimento moralecausatodallasolitudine: ebbenel'individuogiungeapen- sare"l'Umanita',itmondomi sonocontrari,tuttomie'ostile." Sembraunparadosso,edinvece e'laconstatazionechenascein chisisenteestraniatodaogni cosa,eallacontemplazionedel mondoitvoltoglisicontraein unasmorfiadidisgustoeglisi radicalaconvinzionechegli SUPPORTOURADVERTISERS

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uominielecosenonmeritano laSuafiducia.Esiscendeancora,pianpiano,ungradino ancorapiu'ingiu',lentamente semprepiu'ingiu'.

INVIDIA: Conseguenzalogicadell'inasprimentodell'animo.L'individuononpuo',nonvuoleconcepire,nonpuo'ammettereche altriprosperi,migliori,mentre egli,invece,languiscenellavana speranzaditrovarecio'cheegli stessononsaenonsiperita ditrovare,fossilizzatocom'e' nellasuaegocentricasolitudine. Dacio'nederivaii ed (ancorasiscendesemprepiu' inbasso).

PETTEGOLEZZO:

Particolaremanifestazionedi un"complessod'inferiorita'". Cosainfattivorresti,olettore, chefacessecoluiitqualenonsa giustificarequestasuainferiorita'rispettoall'altruipersonalita'?E'facile.

Lascialiberosfogoallasua fantasia,digia'avvelenata dall'invidia,inventandoofalsandoalfinedisminuirel'altruivalore,intaccandonemar gariladignita',itbuonnome, tantoaluinonimporta,l'interessantee'trovareunmodo ondegiustificareconseecon glialtrilapropriainferiorita' imputataal"destino"mentre l'altrohaavutodallasuala "fortuna".Eperseverandosemprecosi'cominciaafarcapo- linonell'animo,sinoadominarlodeltutto (ungra- dinoancorapiu'ingiu').

L'ODIO:

Ilpiu'terribileeveneficosentimentochetrascioal'individuo allepiu'infineazioni,spingendolosemprepiu'giu'lungola scaladeivaloriumaniedinfine, forsequandosara'troppotardi, nee'talmenteinvasochesegue sololafreddezzadell'odioesolo d'odiosonoimpregnatetuttele suemanifestazioni.

Mihaiseguitoamicolettore? Noncredichecisiadelvero inquantohoscritto?No,non dirmichehoragione,nondirmelo,cercainvecedidirmi qualei1segretopernonscen-derelungoigradinidiquesta scalacheconduceversolabuia, tetrascarpatadellaperdizione, Bravo.Haitoccatonetsegno.

LaFedechesolacipuo'appor- tarequellaserieta'epurezzadi sentimentscheognunodinoi dovrebbealbergarenelproprio animoperpoterappartenerede_ gnamenteinunaComunita'di gentelontanadallapatria,dai propricari,quellaFedechedovrebbeimpedircidi"sbranarci perlupi"comeavvieneinseno allanostracomunita'.None' vero???

MeloFiumara

UNAPAROLANUM

Giovanelavoratorecheprendi inmanoquestogiornale:segia' seidell'AzioneCattolica,loleggeraiconlagioiasegretadichi ci trovadentrotuttalapropria vita,iproprisacrificieleproprieaspirazionipiu'belle; senonseiancoradell'Azione CattolicaleggilocomeI'invitodi unfratelloche,dopoavertimostratalaviasullaqualeoammina,tiprendesottobraccioe tidice:"vienianchetul". E'l'appellocherivolgiamoa tuttiigiovani. L'AzioneCattolica:forzain cammino.

Gioventu'checonosceladurezzaelabellezzadioreeore accantoadunamacchina,aun telaio,aunafresa,oredisilenzioedicantonellabottegaartigianaosuunabarcadapesca, ogiu'infondoallaminiera.

Perche'ciorganizziamo?Che cosavogliamo?

Vogliamofaredanoietranoi unaforteorganizzazioneAzioneCattolicaItalians-che cerchidirealizzareitnostrodesideriodiunmondodellavoro piu'degno,piu'giusto,piu' cristiano.

Vogliamomoltiplicareinostri ritrovi, doveciincontriamonellaletiziadellagiovanilefraternita', dovetroviamoassistenzae amicizta, doveabbiamosvagoesport, dovepossiamoapprendere tuttoquellocheciservenella vita.

1

*Roma.IlGovern°Italiano, inseguitoadunaccordoconclusoconl'organizzazioneinternazionaledeiprofughi(I.R.O.) haaccettatodiassumersi,apartiredalprimogennaio1951,la responsabilita'perl'appoggio editmantenimentodituttii profughistranieri(Displased Persons)chesitrovanoin Italia.

*Aversa.UnaMadonnadel millee'affioratadagliscaviin unachiesa.

*Roma.All'ombradelCupolone,duepittoriindu',pellegrini dell'AnnoSanto,dipingevano Madonnenelmesescorso.

*Karaki.Cinquemilionidi personesonorimastepraticamenteisolatenelPunjabin seguitoallostraripamentodei grandifiumicheattraversano itterritorio.Nellazonacolpita sitrovanodiecimilavillaggieit raccoltodelPunjabhasubito dannigravissimi.

*Parigi.Il37.oGirodiFranciahavistoGinoBartaliingi nocchiarsiapregareinnanzia NotreDamedelaVictoireepoi l'hauditoesclamare:"Noncon roperperdere!"

*JeanneFretel,affettada tubercolosiperitonale,e'stata sottopostainosservazioneper lasuaguarigioneavvenutaa Lourdesnet1948eorae'stata

Achiciguarda,achivuol venireconnoidiciamotrepa- rolecheforsesuonanonuove fraitantidiscorsidegliuomini d'oggi.

Laprimae'questa:abbiamo scopertolagioladellavita:sapeteincheconsiste?Nell'aiutareifratelli.L'avventurapiu' bellsepiu'concretae'darela manoalcompagnodilavoroe aiutarloasaline.

Lasecondse'questa:abbiamosoopertoitsecretedellavita: sapeteincheconsiste?Nelcostruirei1nostrodomaniconle nostrestessemani.Nell'Azione Cattolicatuttofacciamodanoi giovani,tranoigiovanieper noigiovani.

Laterzaparolae'questa:abbiamoscopertol'amoredella vita.Consistenell'aprirelanostraportaatuttisenzaguardare itcoloredellagiaccao11lucid° dellescarpe.

Ingenereoggiquandoinvitanonoigiovanicichiechniodi schierarcidaunapartecontro I'altra.L'amoreinvececomincia quandodaunapartesistende lamanoall'altra.

Sentiamonelcuorelagrande speranzachesaremonoigiovanilavoratoriastringerequeste maniamiche.

Perche'l'AzioneCattolicae' scuoladiamicizia, Perche'itlavorocirendefratelli. Perche'infondoallanostra vitac'e'unincontrodolceper tutti:CristoOperaio!

*Nagai,eminentecattolicoe scrittoregiapponese,e'statovisitatodalDelegatoApostolico cheglihaoffertounaCorona delRosarioanomedelSanto Padreinomaggioallesuesofferenzeinseguitoaicolpiricevutiperitlanciodellabomba atomica.

*ANagasakiunmonumentinoricordal'olocaustodelle bimbechemorironocantando alCuoreImmacolatodiMaria quandofuronocolpitedalla bombsatomica.

EQUESTALASAPETE???

Alleduedinotteun'ubbriaco rientraacasa,camminandoa zigzag.Inunacurvapresaun po'piu'dipremurasiimbatte nellospecchiodiunavetrina. Egli,serio,guarda.evedel'effigiediunuomoriflessanello specchio:s'arrabbia,sidimena egesticola,finche'esasperato tiraunpugnonellalastrache cadeinfrantumi.L'ubbriacocosternatositoglierispettosamenteitcappelloedice:"Miscusi signore,selehorottogliocchiali.NonPhofattoconcattivaintenzione.''

P.ABRAMO-Direttoreresponsabile degliarticoliinlinguaitaliana.

Helena,theQueenWho FoundtheTrueCross

EvelynWaugh'snewnovel, Helena,recallsoneofthemost interestinglegendsinourlanguage;namelythatSt.Helena, themotherofConstantinethe Greatandalsothediscovererof theTrueCross,wasthedaughterofOldKingCole,beloved figureofnurseryrhymes.His Majesty,allwillremember, wasthemerryoldsoulwhocalledforhispipe,andcalledfor hisbowl,andcalledforhisfiddlersthree.

Englandatonetimewasdottedwithchurchesnamedin honorofSt.Helena.Thereason isthatBritishmedievalchroniclerswereconvincedshehad beenbornthere.Asagood Englishman,Waugh,aneminentconverttotheCatholic faith,hasHelenaborninBritainin'aisnewnovel,whichis receivir,ggreatpraisefromthe EnglishCatholicpress.

ThebookislaudedbyArchbishopRoberts,S.J.,asonethat keepsthesainthuman,instead ofcaricaturingherasmostwritersofsaints'livessucceedin doing.

LloydB.Holsapple,inhis eminentworkConstantinethe Great,publishedbySheed& Wardin1942.givesthestory aboutHelenaandEngland,but says"onecanscarcelyimagine alegendmoreextravagant." ThefactisthatthetruebirthplaceofHelenaisnotknown, butitislikelyDrepanum(Helenopolis)inBithynia,anancientcountryinnorthwestAsia Minor.TherewasadirectfamilyconnectionwithBritain, forhersonConstantine'sfather, ConstantiusChloris,ruledthat landanddiedinYork,but Helenahadbeendivorcedby then.Though,asHolsapple perhapsabittoosweepingly says,weknowlittleofConstantine'smothersavethather namewasHelena,thebetter authorityputsherplaceof originatDrepanum.

TrierorTreves,afamous cityintheRhinedistrictof Germany,alsoclaimstobethe birthplaceofHelena.Thistown, whichbelievesithastheholy coatofChristinitsCathedral, andhasimportantancient Romanruins,standsontheMoselleriver.AsitwasaRoman centre,therewould,benothing startlingabouthavingHelena andConstantinebornthere;but theevidenceisnotstrong.Itis historicthatConstantine,when hebecameCaesar,invitedhis mothertoTreves,whereshe lived306to313,accordingto thescholarlyhagiographer, MonsignorF.G.Holweck.

WORKEDINTAVERN

ANDMETSOLDIER

Therearemanylegendsabout Helena,whoselifestory,though disputedinpoints,wasunquestionablymostpicturesque.We haveontheauthorityofthe greatSt.Ambrose,whowas bornin340atTreveswhenhis fatherwasaRomanofficial there,andwhodiedasBishop ofMilanin397,thatHelenahad beenastabularia.AStabulum inRomantimeswastheequivalentofapublichouseortavern orinn,andthewordstabularia couldmeanthatHelenawasa tavernkeeperorinnkeeper,or wasaservantinsuchaplace. Oftenthesehousesinpagan timeswerecentersforprostitutes,asindeedsomearetoday. Butthereisnoevidencethat sheledanunrespectablelife, evenasapagan.

heirpresumptive.Itwasinthe lattercapacitythatConstantine's fatherboreit.

Constantinehimselfwasborn about274,mostlikelyinNaissus, UpperMoesia.ThetwoRomanprovincesofMoesialay southoftheDanubeandextendedfromtheDrinusrivertothe Blacksea.ThiswasGothterritory.

ConstantiusChlorus,whenhe movedintotherankofCaesar, castoffhislowlywifeinorder tomarryTheodora,stepdaughter ofMaximian,theEmperor.The factthattherewasacivildivorceindicatesalegalstatesfor themarriageofConstantius ChlorusandHelena.

TheRomanempirewastroubledinthosedays,andin305 thetwoEmperors,Dioclet,ian andMaximian,abdicated.ConstantiusChlorusandGalerius succeededthem,andbeforeConstantiusdiedinYork,England, in306,heproclaimedConstantinehissuccessor.Galeriusallowedtheyoungmanthetitleof Caesar,butnotofAugustus.By 308thereweresixEmperorsat once.Intheensuingwarfare Constantinesawhisfamousvis-

thechiefcustodianofthese relics,isstillstanding,thoughit wasbuiltbyConstantineinthe greathalloftheSessorianpalace.Ithasbeenrestoredmany times,butshowsnumeroussigns ofitsgreatage.Helenafoundedandendowedmanychurches inRome,theHolyLand,and otherplaces.Allbutfewof thepersonalrelicsofJesus ChristhonouredbyCatholicsto thisdayweresavedthroughthe personalworkofHelena.

Bornabout247,HelenavisitedtheHolyLandabout326, whenshewasabbut79or80 yearsold.Shediedin330, whetherinDepranum,Bithynia, ornearRomeisdisputed,but hertombisveneratedinSanta MariainAraCoeli,famous Romanchurch,builtperhapsin the6thcenturyontheruinsof theTempleoftheCapitoline Juno.Since849atleastpartof thesaint'srelicshavebeenat theAbbeyofHautvillers, France.

WhetherornotSt.Helena foundtheTrueCrossinJerusalemisdebated,butthehistoric evidenceisoverwhelmingthat thecrosswasactuallyfoundby somebody.Ipersonallythinkita thinargumenttodenyHelena's

andwhenConstantiusdiedthis sonbecametheKing. EvelynWaughhascertainly pickedafascinatingtopicfor hisnewbook,whichoneEnglish reviewertermsachallengeto sceptics,andanotherabook thatiswittyandsatirical,but atthesametimedeeplyreverent.Ourhistoricalfactsabove aredrawn,notfromthenovel, butfromhistorians.

HELENAANDFINDING OFTRUECROSS

Inhis"HistoricaEcclesiastica"bookI,chapter17,Socrates aConstantinoplehistorian,who wroteabout440,tellsaboutthe discoveryoftheTrueCrossby Helena.

ThemotherofConstantine wastoldbyGodinadreamto cometoJerusalem.Thereshe begansearchingforthetombin whichChristwasburied.Socratesrelatesthat,afterChrist's death,Christiansdidnotgreatlyveneratethetomb.TheenemiesoftheChristianreligion hadfilleduptheplacewith earthanderectedatempleof Venusonthesite.Onlearningthisfact,St.Helenacleared

ColourfulLegendthatMadeSt.

HelenatheDaughterofNursery

Rhyme's'OldKingCole'Exploded

ionoftheflamingcross,with theheavenlyinscription,"In thissignconquer,"justbefore thebattleoftheMilvianbridge, nearRome,whenhedefeated Maxentius.

Hewassoonrecognisedas soleEmperoroftheWest.In 323hebecamerulerofallthe Romanworld.HeandLicinius formallygavecivilrightsand tolerationtoChristiansthroughouttheempirebytheEdictof Milanin313,andConstantine madeCatholicitythestatereligionin324. HecreatedByzantiumhiscapitalin330,when hegaveitthenameConstantinople,CityofConstantine, whichithelduntilourownday, whenitbecameIstanbul.

Itwasinthispositionthatshe metConstantiusChlorus,the fatherofConstantinetheGreat andthenephewofClaudiusII. Justhowandwhenthishappenedisnotestablished,butshe becametheconeubinariaofthe royalsoldier.Inourlanguage,thetermconcubinehasanevil meaning,whichisappliedby thoughtlesswriterstoHelena atthistime;butherpaganmarriagewasundoubtedlyvalid, thoughmorganatic(thatis,enteredasarealwedding,but withthestipulationofnotallowingtheprogenytohavethe father'srank).

ConstantiusChlorusbecamea Caesarin292A.D.,andhadBritain,Gaul,andSpaininhis sphereofgovernment.Thetitle Caesarwasaccordedfirsttothe RomanEmperorasheirofAugustusCaesar,andlatertothe

ThoughConstantinewasnot baptiseduntilhewasonhis death-bed-accordingtothe mostwidelyacceptedbutnotthe onlyaccount-thereisnodoubt thathebelievedinChristafter theexperienceattheMilvian bridge.Hisacceptanceof Christianitywasoneofthemost powerfulfitepsinhistory.He hadchallengedtheGodofthe Christianstogivehimvictory, andGoddid,thoughConstantine hadfarthesmallerarmy.The crossseeminglyappearedat midday.ThenextnightChrist appearedtoConstantineina dreamandtoldhimtoadoptthe crossinstead%oftheRoman eagleashisstandard.There aredifferingaccountsofallthis, buttheArchofConstantine, standingtothisdayinRome, ascribesthevictorytoConstantinebythe"decreeofGod."This inscriptionwasputupbythe paganRomanofficialsatthe time.

SONHONOURED

ST.HELENA

Constantinehadkeptongood termswithbothhisparents.He calledHelenatoTreveswhenhe becameCaesar.MonsignorHolwecksaysitwasConstantine whoinducedhismothertobecomeaChristianin313.Obviouslyshewasalwaysaclever woman;nowsheturnedherattentiontoworksofpiety.She livedmostlyattheSessorian palaceinRome,andthegreat relicsofthePassionshebrought tothatcityfromtheHolyLand arecalledtheSessorianrelics. TheancientChurchofSanta CroceinGerusalemme,Rome,

partinthefindingsimplybecauseEusebiusdoesnotmention it.Havingbeenanewspaperman mostofmylife,Ihavecome acrosssomuchlackofmention ofextraordinaryeventsbycontemporarywritersthattheargumentfromsilenceseemsto menoargumentatall,unless generationsweresilent.The factisthatSt.CyrilofJerusalem,whobecameBishopthere in350,mentionsthespreadof TrueCrossrelicsthroughoutthe world.Ithadtobe"discovered" ifthisweretrue,andhewas madeBishoponlyabouta quartercenturyafterHelena foundthecross.Itdoesnot seemlikelytomethatnoauthenticstorywouldbetoldabout thisimportantdiscovery,andI canfindnoneotherthanthat aboutSt.Helena.Iwouldhave tobegivenstrongerproofthan Eusebius'silenceaboutHelena's partinordertodoubtthestory. ThoughEusebiuswasanotable historian,hewasalsoastrange character,justthetypetothink Helena'sstorynotimportant. Hementionedthediscoveryof thecross,butnotHelena.

LEGENDOFHELENA

ANDOLDKINGCOLE

Butletusreturnbrieflyto thelegendthatConstantine wasthegrandsonofOldKing Cole.ThemostfamiliarmedievalversionistoldinHistoriesoftheKingsofBritain byGoeffreyofMonmouth,who saysthatColeorCoelasDuke ofKaercolvin(Colchester)rebelledagainsthisKing,defeated himinbattle,andputthecrown onhisownhead.TheRoman Senaterejoicedoverthis,for theformerKinghadbeena "soretrouble"toit.TheSenators,determinedtomakeRoman rulesure,sentConstantius ChlorustoEnglandwithtroops. HehadreconqueredSpainfor theRomans,andKingColedid notcaretogivebattle,sincehe hadheardthatnoKingcould standagainstthisman.Cole sentmessengerspromisingfealty andofferingtopaytributeto Rome.Constantiusagreed,and peacewasconfirmedbythe givingofhostages.Amonth laterOldKingColedied,and Constantiusputthecrownon hisownheadandmarriedthe King'sdaughter,Helena,who surpassedallthedamselsofthe realminbeauty,wasamusician andlearnedintheliberalarts. Asonwasborn,Constantine,

countandthatalltheinhabitantsofConstantinoplehelditto betrue. SocratesalsorelatesthatHelenadiscoveredthenailswith whichChristwascrucified,and ,sentthemtotheEmperor,who madeabridleandhelmetoutof themandusedtheminwar.

AccordingtoKirch("EnchiridionFontiumHistoriaeEcclesiasticaeAntique"),thestoryof thediscoveryoftheTrueCross is.alsotobefoundinChrysostom,homilyonJohn85;Theodoret,bookI,18:Ambrose,"On theDedthofTheodosius,"43 sq.:Refinusi,7sq.;Paulinusof Nola.epistle31;SozomenII,1; andSulpiciusSeverusII,35.

MOSTSTRIKING

TESTIMONYFROMWOMAN

awaythetempleandearthand discoveredthreecrossesinthe tomb.Shesurmisedthatoneof themmustbetheSaviour'sand theothersthoseofthetwo thieves,butshecouldnotdeterminewhich. SometimelaterMacarius,BishopofJerusalem,prayedfora signfromGodtodeterminethe TrueCross.Thissignwas given.Awomanwhohadlong beenillwasatthepointof death.BishopMacariushad hertouchedwitheachofthe threecrosses.Thefirsttwoproducednoresult,butontouching thethirdshewasimmediately cured,andheconsideredthat thismustbetheTrueCross.

St.Helenabuiltamagnificent templeonthesiteofthetomb, andcalleditNewJerusalem. OneportionoftheTrueCross sheenclosedinasilvercasket forpilgrimstoview,andthe otherpartshesenttoConstantine.TheEmperorimmediatelyhaditplacedinhisstatuein theforumofConstantineatConstantinople.Socratesmentions thathepersonallyheardthisac-

Somesaythatthemoststrikingevidencewehave-oftheexistenceoftheTrueCrossis foundinthe"PeregritatioEtheriae,"adescriptionofapilgrimagetoJerusalembythe womanEtheria,about365.This wouldbeonlyabout40yearsor soafterHelena'sdiscovery.On GoodFridayatJerusalem,the Bishopusedtotellhispeople: "Bereadyherethatyoumaybe abletobeholdtheholywoodof thecross,eachoneofusbelievingthatitwillbeprofitableto oursalvation."Etheriawrote: "Asilver-giltcasketisbrought in,inwhichisthewoodofthe HolyCross. Thecustomis thatthepeoplecomeonebyone and,bowingdownatthetable, kissthewoodandpasson." Duchesnein"ChristianWorship,"appendixp.510,speaksof this,andtheaccountisrecalled alsoinsuchscholarlyworksas theAddisandArnold"Catholic Dictionary"andtheAttwater "CatholicDictionary."Itfitsin wellwithSocrates,quotedabove. Effortsto theTrue CrossRelicsbypretendingthat theyaresomanytheywould makeseveralcrosses,havebeen disprovedbyactualcalculations. Theentirenumber-usuallythe piecesareverysmall-would notmakeacrosssolargeaswe knowChrist'smusthavebeen. Oneofthelargestrelicsinthe UnitedStatesisthepropertyof OurLadyofVictorieschurchin St.Louis.Thelargestextant, webelieve,isintheChurchof SantaCroceinGerusalemme, Rome,whereitisonconstant display.Thatsamechurchhas largeportionsofthecrossesof thetwothievesofCalvary,some ofthenailsusedintheCrucifixionofChrist,andotherpreciousPassionrelics.Itwasthe customoftheRomanstobury suchthingsWiththevictimsat ornearthesiteofdeath.Early Christians,itappears,neverforgottheactualsiteofthePassion.

-MonsignorMatthewSmith.

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AirmailNewsfromIrelandSpencerTracyGetsStatueofSaint PatrickasIrishStageGuildAward

Statuettesofsaints-patronsoftheartshave beenawardedthisyearbytheIrishStageguild. RuthDraperreceivedthestatuetteofSt.Genesius; SpencerTracythatofSt.Patrick.Otherwinnerswere GracieFields,forvariety,stage andradio;BenjaminBritten,the Englishcomposer,formusic; andT.C.Murray,theIrish playwright*fordramaticwriting.

HistoricFontSalvaged

Overthreehundredyearsago, whentheFranciscanmonastery atStrabanewassackedbyan invadingarmy,thefontwas thrownintotheRiverMourne.

LastyearStrabanepeoplecame togetheranddecidedtobuilda grottoneartheruinsofthe ancientmonastery,andtosearch forthefont.

Estimatesforthebuildingof thegrottoranto£5,000;sothe localpeopledidtheworkthemselvesintheirsparetime.Skilledtradesmenamongteemhelpedtobuildthegrotto,anditcost thevolunteerssomewhatless than£1,000inmaterials.

Thebiggesttask,whenthe fontwaslocatedinthebedof theriver,wastoliftit.It weighsthreeandahalftons. Thefontwasplacedinposition inthecompletedgrotto.

BeltisRelicofSaint

InIrishhagiographythereis anumberofreferencestobelts beingpreservedastherelicsof saintswhoworethem.Oneof these,enclosedinamagnificent shrine,wasfoundinabogin Tobercurry,Co.Sligo,during turf-cuttingoperations.This Irishtreasure,oftheearlyChristianartperiod,ranksas.the mostimportantobjectaddedto theNationalmuseumcollection

inthefirsthalfofthiscentury. Itisastrikinglyhandtomepiece of8th.centuryIrishart,contemporarywiththeTarabrooch andtheArdaghChalice.The museumauthoritiescallitthe MoyloughBeltshrine.

Nothing,unfortunately,is knownofthesaintwhoworethe leathernbelt,whichisstillintact.Theshrineconsistsofa silveredbronzecasingroundthe leatherinfourclaspedsections. Theoutersidesoftheplatingaredecoratedwithpanelsofsilveredbronze,andyellowenamel andblueandwhitemillefiori glass,bybottle-greenglassstuds setinsilverframesandbybird andanimalheaddesignsexecutedinyellowenamel.

EileenJoyceinDublin

ForAustraliaDay,Miss EileenJoycegaveaconcertin theTheatreRoyal,withthe Radio chestra.EireannSymphonyorShepaidatributeto theIrishcomposer,Moeran,by includinghisSerenadeinher programme.Thefirstperform-anceofthisworkwasgivenlast Septetnber,whenthecomposer wasstillalive,attheInter-ParliamentaryUnionconcertin Dublin.

LIVERPOOL,Jan.11(NC.)

-TheArchdioceseofLiverpool,coveringthemostCatholicareainBritain,has423,292 Catholics,accordingtothelocal Catholicdirectory.Ithas685 priests-187ofwhomaremembersofreligiouscommunities177parishchurches,82conventsandsixCatholichospi- tals.

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SupplierstoHospitals,EducationalandReligiousInstitutions WearetheeldestandlargestFishDistributorsinW.A. FRESHROASTEDPOULTRY

ThreeMoreCzechBishopsGet SampleofCommunist'Justice'

TwoAreSentencedtoLifeImprisonment,Oneto14Years

Communistcrimesagainstreligionstoodfurtheraggravatedthisweek astheRedCzechoslovakregimesentencedthreemoreBishopstoprisontwo forlifeandtheotherfor24years.

ThelatestRedvictimsare:BishopJanVojtassak,ofSpis;GaulGojdic,Byzantine-RiteOrdinaryofPresbv;andMichaelBuzalka,Auxiliaryto theAdministratorApostolicofTrnava.Bishop Vojtassakwassentencedto24yearsinprison;BishopsGojdicandBuzalkareceivedlifeterms.

Thethreelatestvictims,all BishopsinSlovakia,were"tried" atBratislava,capitaloftheSlovakwartimerepublic.Charges againstthemwere"hightreason, militaryespionbge,andother crimes."

'Conditioning'Helps

ExtractConfessions

Allthreewerearrestedseveralmonthsbeforethe'trial" opened,andwerereportedly subjectedtoa"conditioning" treatment.Theirarrestcame aftertheycriticisedtheRedregime'spseudo-Catholic"seminary,"whichopenedatBratislavalastautumn.Earlierthe prelateshadscoredCommunist authoritiesforliquidationofCatholicconventsandmonasteries intheirsees.

The"trial"ofthethreeBishopswasthethirdsuchtravesty ofjusticeagainsthighCzechoslovakchurchmenwithinless thanayear.Theregimehad "tried"andsentencedthehigh officialsofreligiousOrdersin April,andcondemnedBishop ZelaandeightMonsignoriand priestsinDecember.Inall trialspastoralactivitywasin-terpretedbytheprosecutorsas 'espionage"and"treasonableactivity"infavourofa'foreign, hostilepower"-namely,the Vatican.

CrimesAreListed

ThethreeSlovakBishops wereblamedforeverything donebytheNazisandpoliti- ciansinSlovakiaduringWorld WarII.Thedefendantswere saidtohaveopposedandfought .the"Slovakpeople'srebellion"

in1944.Theywerecharged withhavingconsecratedsecret, "illegal"Bishopsintheirown dioceseson"ordersfromthe Vatican."

ThePragueRedradioannouncedthatallthreedefendantshad"confessed"their crimes.Torefugeeslistening toexcerptsofthe"trial"broadcastbytheRedradio,therewas everyindicationthattheBishops werespeakingcompletelyoutof characterastheymechanicallyrecitedtheir"confessions"atthe promptingoftheprosecutor. These"confessions"wererepletewithCommunistphraseology,whichwastotallyatvariancewiththeusualmannerof speakingoftheprelates.

BishopBuzalka,forinstance,

"admitted"thathemaintained "anegativeattitudetowardsthe people'suprisingin1944."He oftenusedtheRed-coinedterm,"thefascistSlovakstate."He "confessed"to"spreadingantipeoplepropaganda"atConfirmationceremonies,missionsand retreats.He"admitted"sending"calumniatingreports"on ChurchconditionsundertheRed regime.Heexpressedhisscorn of admitted'falseVaticanradioreports," tacts"alleged"illegalconand"confessed"tosending"espionagereports."

StrategyMisfires

Atonepointinthe"trial"it appearedtolistenersthatthe Redstagemanagershadoverplayedtheirhands,Prompted bytwoidenticalleadingquestions,BishopBuzalkatwice pickedupandpainfullyrecited thesameparagraph.Whenthe Redprosecutorsrealisedthat theirtacticshadmisfired,they triedto alka'sdrownoutBishopBuzspeechwithavolleyof newquestions.

3,000CzechPriestsAreinRedJails: RemainderLiveinIsolation;MoreThan 10'oftheParishesAreWithoutPastors

VIENNA.-OfCzechslovakia's7,000priests, anestimated3,000arenowinprisonorotherwise impededfromtheirministry.About70percent ofthecountry'sparishesaresaidtobewithouta residentpastor.

Onetragedyofthepersecution oftheChurchinCzechoslovakia isthecompleteisolationofthose priestsstillpermittedtocarryon theirministry. Thisisolationissosevere,accordingtoinformationreaching here,thatfrequentlypastorsdo notknowwhetherinstructions

NowAvailable,AltarCandles, 65%and25%Beeswax. Willburnclearlyforatleast8hours.

Alsoinstock,Charcoal,Incense,Wicks,and Tapers.

comingto,themarefromlegiti-mateChurchauthorities,aRed commisar,orarenegadepriestwhohasbeenappointed'vicar general"bytheregime.

Priestsmaynotmakeavisit outsidetheirparishboundaries withoutaspecialpermitfrom thepolice.

TheentireCatholicpress,even diocesanbulletins,havebeen completelysuppressed.

Whilethenumberofapostate priestsinCzechoslovakiaremainssmall,itisfeltherethat theinsidiouspropagandaofsuch apostateSasDr.JosefPlojhar, excommunicatedpriestand Czechministerofhealth,ishavingsomeeffectontheyounger clergy.

CONCEPCION,Chile,Jan.12. -ChilereneweditsMarian devotionbypubliclyconsecra-tingitselftotheImmaculate Conception Nationalduringtherecent Mariancongresshere.Theconsecrationcameasthis cityof100,000,thethirdlargest inChile,celebratedthe400th anniversaryofitsfoundingbytheSpanishconquistador,Don PedrodaValdivin.

a.m.

JubileeMassNotesBlessings ofCatholicEducationSystem

'ExampleistheSchoolofMankind,and ManWillLearnatnoOther,'Monsignor

McMahonStatesinSermonatSt.Mary's

PreachingatthejubileeMass ofThanksgiving,TheRt.Rev. Msgr.J.T.McMahoncongratulatedtheassembledteachers, priests,Brothers,andSisterson thephenomenalsuccessoftheir schoolsatthepublicexaminationsandattheUniversity. Lookingbackoverthepastfifty years,whatblessingshavecome totheArchdiocesethroughthe zealousworkoftheteachers, whohavegiventheirundoubted talentsandtime,andevensacrificedtheirhealth,thatthechildrenshouldbetaughtefficiently. Nowonderourheartsareoverflowingwithgratitudethis morningasweofferthisMassof ThanksgivingtotheHolySpirit.

"Thetempleoflifeandmind canbebuiltbynoneotherthan bytheinwarddweller."(Father ThomasEdwardShields,ProfessordfEducationattheCatholic UniversityofAmerica.)

WhenIwenttoWashington, D.C.,asapostgraduatestudent ofeducation,Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythewritingsofthe lateProfessorofEduoation, FatherThomasEdwardShields, especiallyhisautobiography, "TheMakingandUnmakingof 6aDullard."Asthetitleindicates,itisthestoryofthedunce atschoolwhomadeanamefor himselfinafterlife.

Lookingintohisownlifeasa child,Dr.Shieldsmeditatedon thatuniqueexperiencewhich sawhimrisefrombeingthe dunceofthefamilytobecomeits chiefpride.Hisschoolingwas notasuccess.Theprevailing methodofinstructionwasrecitation,arotememorywasthe waytosuccess.Hefailedin that,andwastakenfromschool becausetheteacherscoulddo nothingforhim.Withthezeal ofareformer,heturnedfrom memorisingandbuiltthehope ofthechildonideas.Ideasare functional,theyleadtheselfactivity,theytendtoexpress themselves.Hewrites:

OnlyIdeasMatter

"Itisonlyintheactofexpressionthataperceivedtruth becomesvital."Againhewrites:

"Experienceshowsusthatimpressionisvagueandlifeless untilitisdoweredintolifeas itissuesinexpression."

Asateacherofreligionhis chiefaimwastogiveideas.He hopedtosetthepupilsthinking onreligionthroughdoing things.Projectswerethe avenuesalongwhichideaswere toexpressthemselves."

Whenhewastakenoutofthe schoolroomhewassettowork onafarm.Beforelong,work onthefarmmachineryshookthe dullard,andmadehimthink. Hetellsusthatafeltneedsent himtolearnreadinginhissixteenthyear.Duringhisbrief schooldaysthereadinghadbeen entirelyforformandnotfor content,andhadlefthimwitha deep-rooteddistasteforbooks. Interestinanunfinishedstory, whichhisbrotherhadbeen readingaloudforthefamily, drovehimtogetthebookand spellitoutforhimself,studying

eachletterandpronouncingeach syllable.Hewrites: "Myprogresswasslow,butI managedtofinishthestory.It wasreadingforcontentandnot forform,and,inthisrespect,it wasagermofmentallifethat wasdestinedtohavealargeand vigorousgrowth. Mybung- lingattemptstoreadwithout theaidofateacherattheage ofsixteen,asIlayonthehaymowandponderedeachsyl- lableinturn,hadinthemsomethinginfinitelybetterthancould havebeenproducedbythebest achievementsalongtheoldlines, wheretheformreplacedthe substanceinthefocusofattention.'

BUILDFROMWITHIN.

TheShields'philosophyof educationcomesfromhisown experience.Unabletoswallowtherote-memorydrillsof school,he.grewlistlessandindifferentandwastakenfrom schoolbrandedasadunceanda dullard.Throughworkingwith hishandsonafarmhewascompelledtothinkproblemsoutfor himself.Hissuccessinthose practicaldifficultiesgaveh'm self-confidence,whichgraduallygrewandawakenedhimtofull life.Theidealhesetbefore thereligiousteachersofAmerica whoflockedtohislecturesas ProfessorofEducationwas: "Thetempleoflifeandmind canbebuiltbynoneotherthan bytheinwarddweller."

Isawthatphilosophytranslatedintoactioninthepractice schoolattachedtotheCatholicEverythingUniversityatWashington. inthecurriculum wasplannedwiththeaimof makingthechildthink.Withintheschooldayitwasnotconsideredawasteoftimetohave afewminutes'silencewherein theparticularexamenofthereligiouslifewasadaptedtothe child.Charactercountsmuch morethanbrainsintheconduct oflife,andalltrueeducationis self-education;itmustbebuilt bytheinwarddweller.

Unlesswecapturetheinner childforGod,wearerelyingon miraclesofgracetoguideand guardhimthroughtheafterschoolyears.Intheteaching ofreligionwelabourinvainto buildatempletotheLiving Godinthesoulofthechildunlessthechildworksfromwithin,

IrememberthelateBishop ofBendigo,Dr.McCarthy, speakingtoagroup,ofdiocesan inspectorsofschools,andsayingtousthatthereallyimportantpartofourworkwastoinspireteachersofreligiontolead childrentoloveOurBlessed Lord.Dr.McCarthy,aspriest andBishop,lovedchildrenand puttheschoo4firstinhisplanning.

ThelateArchbishopSheenan, anothergreatschoolman;warnedusthatwecanbesobusy teachingreligionthatthechildrenhavenotimetopracticereligion.Outnobletaskisto helpchildrentobecomereligiousmindedandtolovethepersonofOurBlessedLord.

TOLIVEANDTOTEACH.

Inthebuildingofcharacter, ourexamplecountsmost.We maysaytoourpupilswhatwe please,butwethunderwhatwe are.Ourteachingwillfailif thechildrenlearnthatwedonot practicewhatwepreach.Ed- mundBurkeisstillrightwhen hesays:"Exampleistheschool ofmankind,andmanwilllearn atnoother." Childrenare keenobservers:wecannotlive withthemintheclass-roomsand continuetofoolthem.

Itisourdistinction to followtheMasterCatechist. Thehabitwewearlooks backwithprideuponalongline ofheroicforebearstowhom teachingwasthemeansofsanctification.Thereligiousgarb isforusabadgeofelection makingusheirsofanobletraditionofjoyfulserviceinHis class-rooms.Withthathonourgoesourresponsibilityto continuethatgreatwork.

PrayerForTeachers

Attheopeningofeachdaylet uspray: "0myGod,Iamabouttobegintheday'sworkinschool. Teachmetoreceivethelittle childreninThyname.Giveto myeffortssuccessfortheglory ofThyHolyNameandthegood ofsouls.ItisThywork. WithoutTheeIcannotsucceed. Grantthatthechildrenthat Thouhastplacedinmycare maybeabundantlyblessed,and thatnotoneofthemmaybelost becauseofanythingthatislackinginme.HelpThoumeto conquereverytemperamentalweakness,andstrengthenwhat-evermayenablemetobringthe sunshineofjoytotheyoung livesthatareFatheredaround medaybyday.Makemebeautifulwithinforthesakeofthe littleonesandthoseliveswhich willbeinfluencedbythem. Amen."

andACCOMMODATIONGUIDE

SingaporeMoslems'FeelingStillRuns

HighPendingAppealonHertoghCase

SINGAPORE,Jan.18(NC).-Moslemfeeling isstillrunninghighoverthecaseofBerthaHertogh,13-year-oldDutchgirl,whowastakenfrom herMoslemfostermotherandreturnedtoher mother,aDutchCatholic,byahighcourtdecisionhere.

Resentmentoverthisdecision ledtomobviolenceherein which14peoplewerekilledand about155injuredlastmonth. Amongtheinjuredwasa Frenchpriest,whoisnowout ofhissickbedbutretainsscar acrosshisforeheadandstill complainsofheadachesandinabilitytoreadforanylength oftime.

Theappelatecourt,which openedareviewofthecaseat thetimeoftheriotandthen postponedthehearing,isnow scheduledtoresumehearingsin April.

Meanwhile,Moslemsarecollectingfundstofightthecase totheparliamentifnecessary.TheMalayleadershaveletit beunderstoodtheywillnotlet thecasedropshortofpar- liament.

Some400ofthe1,000people arrestedbyauthoritiesherein connectionwiththeriotsare stillbeingdetainedfortrial. Thosearrestedincludedsix Moslemleaders.

IthasdefinitelybeenestablishedthatlocalCommunists triedtousetheriotsasanoc-

CatholicsSubsidise ProtestantSchools (NC).-Themunicipalcouncilof Fribourg,apredominantlyCatholiccityandseatofafamous Catholicuniversity,hasgranted asubsidytothelocalProtestantschool.Approximately$50 foreachofthe410pupilsthere wasgranted. InotherCatholicareasof Switzerland,too,aidhasbeen extendedtoProtestantminorities.Thecitygovernmentof Grellingengrantedabout$2,500 totheProtestantparishtohelp buildachurch.InArth-Goldau,near'Lucerne.asimilar grantwasmade.

casionforfomentingmore

trouble.Communistflagswere flownduringthedisordersand theinitials(MCP)ofthelilalayanCommunistpartywere chalkedonroadblocks.Repor- tedly,theCommunistsare hopingtousethelegaldispute todriveawedgebetweenthe MoslemandtheChristianworld.

RACINGSELECTIONS

Saturday,February3,1951

(BeforeAcceptances)

MannequinHandicap:Bun- tineLady,1;Glonilly,2;Canagie,3;LordVirgo,4. SusarionHandicap:Kola Cheval,1;PantoLad,2;Lode, 3;Preferred,4, MisticoHandicap:DearMyth, Agricup,2;Jesting,3;Little Lad,4. EracreHandicap:St.Fergus, 1;EarlySong,2;England's Star,3;Groper,4. JollyCosyHandicap:Kearney,1;LucyConstance,2;ForestRose,3;HarriTweed,4. AndronicusWelter(2):LadyDossie,1;Marloo,2;Balkan Peggy,3;SweetBoronia,4. AndronicusWelter(1):Kewarra,1;SanDomingo,2;The Drone,3;BelleBrocade,4. TROTTING

InitialStakes:KolectAgain, 1;MonaGlobe,2;Capture,3. SwanHandicap:Fa,tryLily, 1;Solstretta,2;Minvista,3. CityHandicap:DirectSheik, 1;RobertDonald,2;Stormy Morn,3.

NationalHandicap:Double Note,1;Willack,2;Prince Marlyn,3, PerthHandicap:DeBordeux, 1;Duldale,2;PeterJohn,3. MandurahHandicap:Black Wirra,1;PeriGlobe,2;Sheer Vanity,3. nard,MetropolitanHandicap:Epi1;EarlsLady,2;Aurora, 3.

'TOAGREATRACE