The Record Newspaper 16 May 1991

PERTH, WA: May 16, 1991

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GUIDE CHURCH OVER FUTURE OF EUROPE AND TASK OF EVANGELISATION

Plea to Mary LISBON: The future of Europe and the task of evangelisation that lies ahead were on Pope John Paul's mind as he called on Mary to guide the Church ahead.

Pope John Paul II thanked Mary for freeing Eastern Europeans from communist rule, protecting the Church against decades of communist repression and saving his life 10 years ago in an a.c,saKsination attempt.

Mary also was entrusted with the tasks of helping the rebirth of a Christian Europe and orienting contemporary gener-

ations lost to religion toward God. Europe must find its Christian roots, otherwise it could fall to a new "theoretical and practical atheism which appears to want to build a new materialistic society", said the pope to the Portuguese bishops May 13.

This form of atheism praises freedom but "tends to destroy the roots of human and Christian morals", he added later in the day ceremony a at entrusting church concerns to Mary's care.

"In 1917 here in Fatima," said the Pope, "Our Lady, with motherly insistence,

invited the whole of humanity to conversion and prayer. After 75 years, there are many elements which have altered the European and world scenario . . . Fatima, lost in its usual silent attention to God, has

always continued to be a point of reference and a call to live the Gospel".

From Cova da Iria Sanctuary, he continued, there emerges "a light full of hope which has a bearing on the facts characterising the end of this century".

The pope encouraged the bishops to a greater missionary spirit and "to be bold in the evangelisation

of the European concurrently tinent, tempted by broad material and practical t ypes of atheism which seem to want to build a new materialistic civilisation". called the He bishops to commit t hemselves to the October Synod of E uropean Bishops and he stressed: "The Church of the third Millennium will be born of the reevangelisation which you are planning to undertake."

These changes show "that new hopes are opening for many people oppressed by an atheistic ideology which impeded the

practice of the faith", he added.

The pope told Christians to avoid gloom and doom assessments about "the disturbances which burn here and there" causing a subversion of values. Instead, Christians must take advantage of the changes occurring throughout the world to refurbish the Christian foundations of societies, he said in Lisbon.

"This is not an old world which is ending, this is a new world which has begun," he said.

"A new dawn seems to be surging in the sky of history, inviting

Always my mother, all the more so since May 13, 1981.

How the early outdoor Fatima shrine looked after the construction in 1926 of the basilica church (right).

We're raising the standard.

Before leaving Fatima the Holy Father addressed a prayer to Our Lady in which he entrusted to her once more the whole human family, just as he had done in St Peter's Basilica on March 25, 1984, in front of the same statue of Our Lady of Fatima.

The following are parts of the Holy Father's prayer: "Monstra te esse Matrem!" "How many times have we invoked you? And today we are here to thank you because you have always listened to us. You have shown yourself a Mother; Mother of the Church, missionary on its earthly journey towards the awaited third Christian millennium; Mother of men, for your constant

Christians to be the light and salt of a world which has enormous need of Christ," he added.

Finally, he referred to the synthesis of the "message which Our Lady does not cease to repeat from Fatima: to atone, to pray and to do penance".

During the 900km trip that included the Azores and Madeira Pope John Paul was scheduled to speak 12 times including five Mass homilies, four speeches, two greetings and a prayer.

Over 500,000 candles flickered during

his vigil prayer to Our Lady.

•

protection which has avoided irreparable disasters and destruction, and has favoured progress and modern social achievements; Mother of nations, for the unexpected changes which have restored the trust of peoples too long oppressed and humiliated; Mother of life, for the numerous signs with which you have accompanied us, defending us from evil and from the power of death; Mother of mine, always my Mother and most especially so on that May 13, 1981, on whichIfelt you by my side with your helping presence; Mother of every man who strugglesfor the hie which does not die; Mother of humanity redeemed by the Blood of Christ; Mother of perfect love, of hope and peace, Holy Mother of the Redeemer."

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'Love we should have for one another'

"Surrender yourselves to God and enjoy your lives," Father Hugh Galloway told the Bunbury diocesan conference of the Catholic Womens League.

"God's love is unconditional and that is the love we should have for one another," he told 90 members gathered at Mount Barker from as far away as Esperance, and welcomed by Mount Barker president Mrs Marion Beech.

State CWL president Mrs Joan Quinlan urged the women to reach out and take executive role in promoting the spiritual, cultural, and social interests of Catholic women.

The CWL aims were to assert and defend Christian principles particularly in relation to marriage, the home, and education and to encourage the Catholic Women of Australia to participate in the moral and civic welfare of the community, she said.

The retiring Bunbury diocesan president Mrs Anne Martin reported a busy and rewarding year

for the CWL. She asked for prayers for State Council Delegate — Mrs Molly Davis whose husband had died suddenly that morning.

She spoke of her trip to Medjugorje and other parts of Europe and her involvement in state and national level since she had taken office three years previously.

She urged members to attend the September 2118 National Conference in Canberra as it gives a tremendous insight into the wider workings of CWL at state, national and international level.

She offered her support and best wishes to incoming Bunbury president Mrs Darriel De Pledge, and thanked office bearers Marie Wright and Nell Usher, acting Secretary and Treasurer for their loyal and loving support given to her while holding the position of President.

One of Mrs Martin's final duties was to present Bishop Quinn with a cheque for $2097 for the Seminary Fund, pointing out that one of

the aims of CWL was to foster vocations to the priesthood and religious life and to promote the lay apostolate.

Bishop Peter Quinn thanked the CWL for the cheque and spoke about the situation in the seminaries at the moment.

He also said he had been successful in bringing some priests to Australia from other countries, and that most parishes in the diocese now had a resident priest.

He asked CWL members to support the newly formed Pregnancy Help Group which had just been launched in Victoria St, Sunbury under the leadership of Mr Laurie Sutherland.

This group was for the benefit of all through-out the South-West, it was not specifically for the Bunbury area. He urged members to continue to become involved in the Adult Education courses which were available in the Diocese.

He thanked Mrs Martin for her leadership with

the League in the diocese and her wonderful generosity of spirit which she displayed in her work with the League.

Guest speaker Mrs Joan Terry from the Albany Hospice gave an inspiring and thought provoking talk on the terminally ill and how important it was to "just be there" to listen, to care — instead of making all the decisions for them.

"Be open to them — reach for them, but never preach to them," she said outlining how the need to change attitudes to the terminally ill.

Since the inception of the Albany Hospice some four months ago it had catered for five terminally ill guests. The Hospice dovetails with other services in the area such as Silver Chain and Cancer Foundation Home Care.

A mini workshop discussed concern for migrant women settling in a new country, and women as the care-givers in life.

It was reported that the national secretariat for

CWL has now obtained a press pass to parliamentarian meetings in Canberra to enable CWL to be on the lookout for situations on which Catholic women should have a voice.

After Mass celebrated

by Bishop Quinn, new office bearers were installed: Mrs Darriel De Pledge Bunbury Diocesan president; vicepresidents Karen Kammon from Manjimup and Barbara Paterniti from BusseIton; secretary, Marion Beech from Mt Barker; treasurer Jenny Waller from Albany; State Council representatives are — Anne Martin, (Mt Barker) Christine Lewis, (Kojonup) and Georgie Bruce-Smith, (Busselton).

The formal dinner which followed was catered by the men and ladies of the Mt Barker parish. A Sunday morning bus trip around Mt Barker and surrounding areas, while the State Council met at the home of Anne Martin with a bar-b-que lunch.

Fr Hugh Galloway

Church is told to play bigger role for kids A Catholic support group for children with special needs has called on the Church to improve its commitment to the education of children with disabilities, says its new president.

Mary Ballantine was elected at a meeting last week of the Catholic Support Group for Parents concerned with the Education of Children With Special Needs.

The meeting was held at the U. Goody Bioethics

Centre in Glendalough. options with support for Moya Durack pointed Mr Ballantine said: "We children with disabilities out the difficulty facing recognise that there are beyond year 10; the Catholics over spina now approximately 910 absence of any options bifida children. children with special within the Catholic sys"Already this year fifneeds receiving Schools tem for deaf children teen children in Perth Commission assistance who choose sign lan- have been born with in the Catholic school guage for communica- spina bifida. The prognosystem throughout West- tion and need an inter- sis is that 10 of the ern Australia, but this preter, the withdrawal of children will survive into does nothing for the interpreters and note their school aged years. thousands of Catholic takers for children inte"With the ease of termichildren who are denied grated into schools nation of pregnancy now a Catholic education on beyond year 10; lack of available if a foetus is the grounds of insuffi- secondary school place- suspected of a disability, cient resources." ments generally and in it would indicate that the Other concerns raised, particular the north majority of the new born she said, were the lack of eastern suburbs. babies with spina bifida

are born of Catholic parents," she said.

Carol Drew, the mother of a child with a disability, said she was astounded to hear at Mass recently that money is available and the Catholic community is being asked to contribute more for a Catholic university while parents and children were turned away from Catholic schools. parents Some recounted very positive experiences in the inte-

gration of their children with special needs into the Catholic system and praised the tremendous efforts made by individual principals and teachers within the Catholic school system.

Ballantine Mary observed, "We are the lucky ones but there are far too many children who are missing out completely."

Other parents of children who had been rejected on the grounds of insufficient resources

Juvenile justice needs reform raid at the opening of use of detention centres "Link House", a new is the answer," Mr youth facility conducted Fitzgerald said. by the society in The result is the Newcastle. entrenchment of more "For too long we have and more young people seen the development of into a cycle of poverty models based upon ultimately leading to crime and violence. The punishment.

SVDP continues to see an "Nobody would deny ever increasing number "The current approach the need to deal effec- of young people trapped tively with juvenile in a cycle of poverty. offenders; those who For many of these youth commit crimes against their fellow citizens, even the commencement of young people, must be their behaviour came Optometrists about through causes brought to account. well beyond their own "But it is clearly an control, substantial famCONTACT LENS CONSULTANTS unsuccessful model to ily breakdown, domestic Perth Piccadilly Arcade 321 8151 believe that the increas- violence and abuse and ing of penalties and the in some cases even total 335 2602 Fremantle 30 Market St • subsequent increased abandonment.

SYDNEY: The president of the NSW St de Paul Vincent Society, Mr Robert Fitzgerald, has called for an urgent review and structural changes to the current juvenile justice system in New South Wales.

has failed the community but more importantly has failed the youth.

"What has occurred u nquestionably entrenches young people in a cycle of abuse, poverty and ongoing violent action against the remainder of the community," said Mr Fitzge-

ELLIOTT & ELLIOTT

2 The Record, May 16,, 1991

"It is equally true that many young people, notwithstanding stable and loving environments, have also offended against the community," said Mr Fitzgerald.

"In New Zealand we see radical approaches to juvenile justice where there has been a significant lessening of the number of young people coming to court, a substantial reduction in the number of youth detention centres and a significant decrease in the number of reoffending youth.

"To bring safety and security to the commun-

ity at large we must diminish the number of offenders in our community and reduce the level of re-offence.

"This will not come about by a model of punishment and detention and the ever increasing lowering of esteem in youth.

"It will only come about by programs and models that enable the offender to recognise the damage that they have caused and gives to them the capacity and the environment within which to live their life with dignity and respectability," Mr Fitzgerald added.

The Society of St

shared their experiences and many were moved to tears by the stories told.

One mother of four spoke of three being accepted at the local Catholic primary school, while the other child with the disability could not be accepted and yet was accepted by the local state school.

Another parent spoke of having to transport a child with a disability to a school 25 kilometres away. A round trip each day of 50 kilometres.

Vincent de Paul has opened four new youth hostels in New South Wales in the last month. are The centres designed to cater for children and youth who have left home, many of whom are now street kids.

Two of the houses are specifically designed for the most difficult of all youth and for those who will not or are unable to access existing facilities.

The society has commenced a 10 year program specifically catering for children and youth who are at risk and are both living at home or have left home.

Catholic village for retirees

T

ALK TO SOMEONE WHO UNDERSTANDS

33 HOMES TO COME UP IN DUNCRAIG A NEW concept in meeting people's requirements for "independent retirement" is being turned into reality at Duncraig.

In a pleasant landscaped setting, 33 self-contained homes are being built as part of a project which is sure to arouse national interest.

A central feature of the development undertaken by Catholic Homes for the Aged, is the provision of 33 beds in the form of five hostel houses — each containing five ensuited bedrooms — and an eight bed hostel house (en-suited rooms) specialising in Alzheimer's needs.

These facilities are all individually air-conditioned and are complemented by a community centre.

It is located on land bounded by Marmion Avenue and Beddi Road and is opposite current R and I Bank land releases.

The project aims to present a "normalisation pathway" in which retirees can initially acquire their own home in a suburban-type development while having instant access to a community living environment embracing hostel and aged care facilities.

Adjacent to this village community concept, is the newly completed Anglican Homes for the Aged, 40 bed nursing home, which is next to existing facilities built several years ago by the Wanneroo Shire Council.

These include a senior citizens centre, library, recreation centre, tennis club and sports oval, all within easy walking distance of each other.

A small shopping centre also is being planned on the southern side of the complex providing walking distance facilities to residents.

To emphasise the "suburban-style" aspect, a single road access will circulate houses within the village allowing "normal traffic" such as the postman, milkman, newspaperman and visitors.

The houses, contain either two or three bedrooms (all with built-in robes), separate bathroom and toilet, spacious lounge-dining areas and a large kitchen.

A patio, drying court and a store room are extra features in the attractive house designs which also include a covered carport.

Parking areas are strategically placed for visitors.

While the design and layout of the homes enhance independent living, Catholic Homes for the Aged has ensured the community aspect is encouraged.

Each house has direct intercom contact with trained staff in the hostel.

An added feature is the community centre which has been designed as a multi-function unit for the benefit of residents.

It contains a hall, formal lounge and fireplace, chapel, kitchen and meals area, a hairdressing salon and physiotherapist facilities.

It is envisaged the community centre will become the "meeting place" for residents to interact and socialise.

The complex is expected to be completed by the end of this year and already has aroused strong interest.

Further enquiries can be directed to Catholic Homes for the Aged on 09-3251997.

Requiem Mass for an unknown SYDNEY: The grave of an unknown woman, possibly a convict. found under Sydney Town Hall was the cause of a Requiem Mass being celebrated in the bowels of the grand old building

recently.

Twelve members of the Catholic Historical Society and the Dean of St Mary's Cathedral came and celebrated the Mass.

All that connected them with the unknown pioneer

was the 25 per cent chance that she was a Catholic, and hence was buried under an Anglican rite as there was no official priest in the colony until 1820.

With plastic and sand underfoot, Dean

Vince Redden celebrated the eucharist while assembled town hall staff and media watched on.

The grave was uncovered in March this year when workers disturbed the site while laying down a

drainage trench in the lower-level corridors of the Syd.neys Town Hall.

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Collaborate not confront, priests told 1891-1991 Catholic employer and employee organisations should conduct their industrial relations by c ollaboration and not confrontation, the Australian bishops have told priests.

"With the number of lay workers in Catholic welfare, health, education and other areas growing in the latter part of this century. relationships between Church employers and employees have changed significantly.

"It is important, on the one hand, to provide appropriate conditions for those who work in these areas and, on the other, to ensure that the fruits of their work are available to all, especially those in need."

The remarks are in a pastoral letter to mark Pope John Paul's encyclical for the centenary of Rerum Novarum.

The bishops also criticise the pursuit of luxury goods that has caused "heavy borrowing and the consequent excessive burden of debt that is presently creating such difficulties, even disasters, for individuals, businesses, governments and nations".

They say that the belief that happiness can be found in consumption and luxury goods has been held by many people in recent times.

The centenary of Rerum Novarum is a good time to study these issues and this should be done in universities, seminaries, religious communities and parishes, they say.

It is not an academic exercise but equips Catholics for action in the social order.

Referring to the social justice education program launched four years ago the bishops say that in 1987 social justice teaching was the Church's best kept secret.

"We will regard the centenary of 1991 a success if that is no longer true by the end of the year," says the letter.

The publication this year of the draft statement Common Wealth and Common Good is in line with this education program, they say.

The 1891 publication of Rerum Novarum, they say, coincided with serious social, political and industrial upheaval in Australia.

"At the time, Cardinal Moran, archbishop of Sydney, was seen as one of our country's outstanding defenders of the rights of the workers, many of whom were suffering from the very kind of exploitation denounced by Pope Leo Lay Catholics who contributed to better deals for workers were influenced by Rerum Novarum, the bishops say.

The 1931 40th anniversary document Quadragesimo Anno of Pius XI inspired activists and writers to prepare a readership for the annual social justice statements that the Australian bishops began issuing from 1940.

V illage people need a reliable water supply. This tiny w ater hole is not good enough and i, too far away

Help needed for families in remote Indian villages Life in the poorest villages is incredibly aid and love and hope to these neglechard. Families have a bitter struggle to ted people. Funds are needed to survive. They lack food, water and establish community care centres which medical aid. Employment is scarce and will improve water resources, increase poorly paid. food production. teach mothers about These people are trapped and helpless hygiene, nutritious food, how to care in their poverty. They lack education for children and what to do when sickand all the basic needs to live normal ness occurs. Children must be educated healthy lives. Hygiene is neglected, or they live without hope. sickness is widespread, tuberculosis Whatever you give will be greatly abounds. appreciated. Donations are tax deductFor most of the year children do not ible. Please make your cheque payable get enough to eat and are prone to to the "Australian Jesuit Mission sickness. Over 50e,-;- die before the age Overseas Aid Fund- and post it to: of five.

National Director, Fr. T. O'Donovan, SJ, Mothers are affected by overwork. Jesuit Mission Centre, hunger and malnutrition. They are P.O. Box 193, North Sydney. N.S.W. 2060. seriously disadvantaged by lack of I enclose $ to help establish comeducation contributing to the family's munity care centres and provide aid and poor health. To people needing urgent education for deprived families in India help so little is available.

Mr/Mrs/Miss Please help our missionaries to bring (Block letters please) PR.16.5

Australian Jesuit Mission in India cares for the poorest of the poor

A ddress Postcode

The Record, May 16, 1991 3

Riecord Who finds it hard to celebrate Pentecost in 1991?

In a survey last year of the language groups operating at a synod of bishops meeting in Rome it was noted that for the first time there was a group for those who wanted to speak Russian — and there were some takers.

Unbelievably last month, a Catholic bishop was appointed to Moscow, not long ago the city that epitomised enshrined state atheism and contempt of all religion.

The bishop, for all that, can only guess at how many make up his Catholic flock and where he is going to find a house and a church or two.

Other bishop appointments trickle through to the former Iron Curtain countries but a realist Polish pope is saying that the re-awakening of Catholicism in Eastern Europe — to say nothing of its Western materialist counterpart — will need a decade of hard work and evangelisation.

The Jesuits who blazed a Ricci trail into China centuries ago and whose Jesuitry has managed to straddle both sides of the modern Chinese Catholic Church are regrouping for the awakening of the Church there and the historical turnabout that may lie ahead.

Their second biggest group is already next door in India. The number of Jesuits in 'pagan' Indonesia is double the number in christian' Australia!

In Chile Mrs Pinochet bemoans the part the Catholic Church played in the downfall of her husband dictator and oppressor. In Brazil the Church flies the flag for the 75 activist workers for justice already gunned down there this year.

Who would know what is happening inside the Church across the vast African continent because we scarcely have the time to find out or to care.

Such is a week or two in the life of the Church in 1991 and Pentecost week at that.

To describe Pentecost as the birthday of the Church does not do justice to the observance. A human birthday is a celebration of the inevitable, of trivia that are often best forgotten, of the race against time to achieve a fulsome life . . . before it ends.

Not so for the Church for whom the yesterdays, the todays and the tomorrows are the unfolding of Jesus in time — the enduring presence so confidently proclaimed by St Paul.

At Pentecost we are called not to celebrate the birthday of the Church but to immerse ourselves in the miracle and mystery of the Church's birth, out of an upper room in Jerusalem and out of the energies and trials and faith of Christ's followers today.

The disciples and women in the upper room were in no doubt about Spirit which urged them forth on to the streets. In the days and years that would follow the early Christians found that discerning the Spirit was not an unruffled process.

There were tensions and rifts in the ranks.

From the days when Pope John XXIII pushed a none-too-willing Church to look for the directions of the Spirit in our times Catholics have waxed and waned over the last three decades.

Many a post Vatican II self-appointed luminary and enthusiast was very sure about where the Spirit was leading the Church and where the pruning shears should be applied. But if the Holy Spirit was not their spirit they quickly found an excuse to disengage, to complain that everyone else was out of step with the Lord except themselves.

Feeling the breath of the Spirit in Australia in the coming decades has to be an exercise of the Spirit of Jesus, of humility of pain, but of constancy.

In Perth the Pentecostal plantings of two years ago come into bloom but not without a price.

Archbishop Foley's personal tree let him down and he was to learn at first hand the admonition of Jesus that the grain must fall into the sand and die.

Thus the Spirit is promised to the Church but not totally to each member. Australian Christians must face the wasteland of modern life where God is irrelevant, but over whom Jesus would have cared as sheep without a shepherd.

The efforts of the Australian Church in the evangelisation that lies ahead will be more than just the sum of different groups and agencies battling to achieve their own agenda.

The first task is to thank God for where we have already been carried by the Spirit and to have the humility to accept that the Spirit will inspire them long after each of us failed by trying to do it our way.

4

The Record, May 16, 1991

jtJ

inning war does not mean peace RICHMOND, Va (CNS): Describing the Persian Gulf War as "a massacre," Bishop Walter F Sullivan of Rishmond has said post-war slaughter and refugee flight demonstrate that "winning the war is far different from winning the peace."

He called on the US to "wage peace".

Bishop Sullivan also stated that the "just war" theory "gave no clear moral guidance" regarding the Persian Gulf War. Deploring control of the news media during the war, the bishop said that "little has been said or shown of the 'collateral damage,' the actual

number of civilians killed or wounded and the destruction of the infrastructure of the people of Iraq."

In addition, he objected to the cost of the war at home, saying that "during the past 10 years military spending has increased 46 per cent while domestic programs have been cut over 50 per cent".

"This war can be best described as a massacre," said Bishop Sullivan.

"We only have estimates of the number of Iraqi killed, but the numbers are deeply troubling — 100,000 to 150,000 Iraqi soldiers, many unwilling conscripts, and perhaps 50,000 Iraqi civilians," he said.

Bishop Sullivan said he found that St Augustine's "just war" theory gave -no clear moral guidance" concerning the war.

"Bishops, theologians and national leaders came either to different conclusions on the morality of the war policy or simply remained silent out of confusion about the issues or out of fear or intimidation," he said.

The primary purpose of the just war tradition, he said, was not to justify war but to prevent it.

"Obviously nations have a right to self-defense," he said, "but traditional tenets of just war teaching seem increasingly inapplicable in light of

today-'s weapons of mass destruction".

The cost of war at home was also of concern to him.

"For the sake of armaments we have sacrificed our people," he said, citing statistics that one of four children live in poverty and 35 million US residents have no health insurance.

"During the time that 200 service personnel offered their lives for freedom in the Persian Gulf, over 4000 Americans were gunned down on our city streets," wrote Bishop Sullivan.

The prelate called on the United States to "wage peace" with the

same energy and resourcefulness with which the nation waged war.

Waging peace. he said, means: • Not rewarding friendly Persian Gulf nations with the latest i.veaponary..

• Taking seriously the emerging role of the United National to bring about global security.

• Fashioning an energy policy that "restrains our consumer habits and lessens our dependence on oil,' especially oil from the Persian Gulf.

• Addressing the "longignored aspirations" of the Palestinians, Lebanese, Kurds as well as the rights of Israelis.

Drop In abortion NEW YORK (CMS): A recent study showing a

six per cent decine in t he abortion rate

between 1980 and 1987 should give the pro-life movement a sense of accomplishment, Cardinal John J. O'Connor or New York said recently.

Cardinal O'Connor said that while the

abortion of 1.6 million babies in the United States each year seems overwhelming. the decline of 6 per cent means 96,000 lives saved.

The saving of just one person from a burning building would bring an award to the person responsible, he said, and

participants in the pro-life movement should feel a sense of accomplishment in t he decline in abortions.

Cardinal O'Connor,' did not directly attribute the decline in abortions to the prolife movement. But he suggested that the study provided

grounds for participants to consider their efforts worthwhile.

"How many lives have you saved?" he asked. "You cannot begin to know. If all of you saved one human life, if you believe every human life is sacred and you've saved one, that's an

enormous accomplishment."

Despite the overall decline, the study also showed and 18 per cent increase in abortions among girls younger than 15 years old and an 11 per cent increase in the abortion rate among minority girls ages 15 to 19.

Vatican money talk VATICAN CITY: Peter's Pence should be a fund to be used by the pope and bishops conferences should be responsible for meeting the running Church's deficit, says the top administrator.

Pope John Paul II summoned bishops from all over the world to the Vatican in early April to ask them to help find a more systematic solution to the annual budget deficit. The meeting ended with a pledge by the bishops to try to send more money, but with no fund-raising major innovations.

Cardinal Castillo Lara said that if contributions from the bishops don't increase sufficiently, "it may be that the contribufion of each bishops' conference will be determined with greater precision". In the past, the Vatican has avoided imposing an annual levy on the conferences.

For now, Cardinal Castillo Lara said, the contri-

butions will continue to be made through Peter's Pence.

But he emphasised that,

in the Vatican's view, Peter's Pence should go toward special projects and not toward Vatican operating expenses.

"The pope ought to be able to intervene wherever there is a need for charity," he said. He mentioned as examples the churches and seminaries of Eastern Europe, Christians in the Middle East and church communities affected by civil war.

"Peter's Pence should therefore be left to the pope, while the financial needs of the Holy See should be taken on by every diocese," he said.

Cardinal Castillo Lara acknowledged that the Vatican's ability to raise money has been compromised by the "dis-

torted image" left by the Banco Ambrosiano scandal.

The Vatican bank, while denying any wrongdoing in the affair, eventually paid $240 million to former creditors of Banco Ambrosiano, which had collapsed under massive debt.

The Vatican bank, which is considered separate from the Vatican Curia, paid the entire sum by opening lines of credit, Cardinal Castillo Lara said. "Not a single lira came out of the Vatican" in the payment, he said.

The cardinal also updated the Vatican's basic budget and net worth figures. It shows that the Holy See is not wealthy, he said.

The value of its liquid holdings is about $170 million, he said. This includes long- and shortterm bank investments in 17 currencies, as well as stocks and bonds. Very

little is in the stock market, and the Vatican does not have controlling interest in any stock, he said.

Real estate holdings

represent another $170 million, he said. Many of the properties are in Rome, and, unlike most of the city's apartments, are rented out at low prices set by Italy's fairrent law.

The return on Vatican investments overall covers only about 30-40 per cent of the annual budget, he said. Curia departments, being mainly service agencies, add only a little income.

The rest has come from the Vatican city-state surplus — mostly from the sale of stamps, coins and museum tickets — and Peter's Pence, he said.

Cardinal Castillo Lara said the Vatican wants to take its fundraising message above all to Catholic lay people.

"Businessmen, bankers and men of high finance ought to be the first to help the Church spread the truth and defend moral principles," he said. People should remember the pope's constant work for world peace, and his role in the

liberalisation of Eastern Europe, he said.

A few years ago, Vatican finance officials considered cutting back on curial agencies. but the pope said no — and has even added a few more agencies since, the cardinal said.

He credited the pope with promoting greater

openness in Vatican finances.

"We want to ask openly, present our problems, and do it in such a way that everyone can participate — even economically — in the communion of the Church," the cardinal said.

AL iLiiiiiii

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The bishops also repeated a judgement made a few months earlier: that there is no convincing evidence yet that supernatural apparitions or revelations are occuring at Medjugorje. *che bishops said the national commission would continue to research the events at Medjugorje.

Meanwhile, they said, the influx of well-motivated pilgrims requires greater pastoral attention.

The conference intends to prepare pastoral and liturgical directives for the site.

The statement said pastoral responsiblity in this case belongs both to Bishop Pavao Zanic of MostarDuvno, whose diocese includes Medjugorje, and the other Yugoslavian bishops.

Yugoslavian church sources have said the bishops' action is aimed at taking advantage of the spiritual fervour at Medjugorje, while more closely controlling what people are told and taught there. Medjugorje has developed into one of the world's most popular pilgrimage sites.

Problems in Wish fulfilled.

Switzerland are examined The BUDAPEST: heroic Cardinal Mindzenty who vowed not to return to a communist Hungary had his wish fulfilled last week.

VATICAN CITY: A statement from a meeting between the pope and Swiss bishops did not say how a controversial bishop will be handled.

The statement said the Swiss bishops and Vatican officials "examined several doctrinal problems which are currently the object of discussion and long debate" in Switzerland.

"Long-standing tensions," particularly in the Diocese of Chur, were also discussed, it said.

"The bishops themselves have asked the Holy See to help them remedy the existing tensions," it said.

In May, Bishop Haas said the problems in his diocese involve a "dispute with Catholic normality" insofar as the church is structured hierarchically and not democratically.

Many Catholic in Switzerland say "I believe in the Catholicism that I have chosen," he said.

People choose those teachings of the church that make them "comfortable" and ignore the rest.

Bishop Haas said Catholics in his diocese "try to boycott me, to block me on the streets that lead to their parishes," but he doesn't want to dramatise the situation.

He said funds from the Zurich commission were still "frozen," but that other sources of income are sufficient "for the moment".

Two of his decisions have drawn the ire of nriRsts and laity in the diocese: his plans to

restructure the seminary and his attempts to limit the practice of the general absolution of sins without private confession.

Bishop Haas said that "on an experimental basis" Bishop Vonderach opened classes at the diocesan seminary to lay women and men when the number of seminarians dropped.

"What do I plan to do now? To bring the seminary back to what it was before and to what it is in all the dioceses of the world," he said.

He said the Swiss practice of general absolution without individucal confesson is "totally wrong" because the conditions for its valid use do not exist there.

The absolution of several penitents at the same time is permitted when participants are in danger of death or would otherwise not have access to the sacrament for a long period.

When asked about accusations that his is a "feudal" governing of the diocese, the bishop said "I have tried hard to be human and open".

He said the Swiss bishops had asked him to make "some 'significant gestures" to resolve the tensions, but steps were proposed that "I am not prepared to take".

"It seems to me that we must first, among us bishops, place in action significant gestures that place light on a larger communion with the universal church, gestures and choices which would contribute to witnessing before the people the whole truth of our faith".

In contrast with Cardinal Mindszenty's departure from Hungary at the height of the Cold War, the return of his remains was accompanied by military and religious pomp.

Ceremonies at the border, which closed the frontier between Austria and Hungary for more than one

hour, were attended by Hungarian President Arpad Goncz, Otto von H apsburg, head of the former imperial family of Austria-Hungary, and foreign ministers of both countries.

The cortege bringing home the cardinal's corpse, which had lain in the Austrian mountain town of Mariazell since his death in exile in 1975, paused on the boundary line to allow politicians and church officials from both countries to pay their last respects.

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Cardinal Paskai recalled how Cardinal Mindszenty had wept the last time he had crossed the border, leaving Hungary in 1971.

Cardinal Minszenty, then 79, was forced into exile after suffering torture and imprisonment under the Communists and spending 16 years as a refugee in the US Embassy in Budapest.

He pledged in his will not to set foot again in his homeland until the demise of communism there.

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"It is scandalous, cruel and unjust that the poor who have no alternative but to squat are decreed as criminals," he said, noting an urban land reform bill before Congress favours wealthy developers.

Presidential Decree

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poor city dwellers.

In mid-April, urban poor leaders vowed to oppose the bill. They want a moratorium on housing demolition until an effective and just land distribution scheme is implemented.

In 1988, the Presidential Commission on Urban Poor reported that almost half of metro Manila's 7.3 million people belong to the urban poor sector.

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Ecumenical drive EDINBURGH, Scotland (CNS): Scotland's Catholic bishops have launched a nationwide consultation on making St Mary Cathedral in Edinburgh, which houses two reputed and relics of St Andrew, and official shrine to the "apostle of Scotland".

The consultation process will involve nonCatholic churches and may also deal with the

wariness some Catholics feel about the prominent display of relics.

The first reputed relic, a large portion of the saint's shoulder blade donated by the archbishop of Amalfi, Italy, in 1879 had been carried in a cathedral procession each year on the foist of St Andrew, Novemeber 30, but the practice declined.

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Cathedral administrator Msgr Patrick Grady said visitors give increased veneration and attention to the relics, especially during tourist season.

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CONSECRATION POSER OVER RUSSIA

Pope finally spot on VATICAN CITY (CNS): Has Russia been consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary according to the conditions told to Carmelite Sister Lucia Dos Santos in a dream by Our Lady of Fatima?

According to the 84year-old nun, who is the sole survivor of three shepherd children who saw Mary in visions at Fatima, Portugal, Pope John Paul II did it properly in 1984.

For decades the issue has been controversial among Fatima followers since it is tied to the many messages attributed to Mary regarding the conversion of Russia and the successful fight against communism.

Pope John Paul visited Fatima May 12-13 to mark the 10th anniversary of the ama&sination attempt which almost killed him.

Sister Lucia is the last of the children who saw Mary at Fatima in 1917.

For years she has been asking popes to make the consecration according to regulations she says

Cake for all the order of day USBON: Cake for all was the order of the day as the pope flew into Lisbon for his Fatima trip.

Pope John Paul was on his 50th foreign trip. He has made another 95 official visits to places around Italy also since he became pope.

The Alitalia DC9 on which he travelled was new and by coincidence the 50th aircraft just turned over to the Italian airline by the US manufacturer.

Prior to the plane's departure the Alitalia president presented the pope with a silver chalice to commemorate this and all the pope's foreign trips which always use AlitaHa on the first leg and the airline of the host country for the return flight.

Mary once told her in a dream, years after the Fatima apparitions.

The Church recognises as valid Mary's six apparitions in 1917 to the three children, but has not taken a position on subsequent apparitions mentioned by Sister Lucia. Yet they have become part of the Fatima message to many Marian devotees.

According to Sister Lucia, several popes have made the consecration but none did it just right until Pope John Paul's act on March 25, 1984, in St Peter's Square.

In three 1989 letters, Sister Lucia adds that the pope himself did not do it right until after a faulty try at Fatima in 1982.

The main sticking point in the previous attempts was that the papal consecration was not done in unison with all the world's bishops in their own dioceses. A lesser problem has been whether the popes specifically intended Russia, since their consecrations were of the entire world.

Sister Lucia is a cloistered Carmelite allowed only limited contact with close relatives, and the letters are her only public statements on the matter. For years, her religious superiors have refused permission to journalists to interview her.

beforehand "wrote to all the bishops of the world, asking them to do it in their own dioceses", she said.

The letters — similar in content — were in answer to specific requests that she clarify the situation.

The letters were given to several news organisations by her nephew, Salesian Father Jose Valinho.

"Yet, it was done as Our Lady requested on the day, March 25, 1984," she said.

Previous efforts — including those by Pope Pius XII in 1942 and Pope Paul VI in 1967 — lacked the "indispensable" union with all the bishops, she said.

Copies were made available to Catholic News Service by Aura Miguel, reporter for Radio Renascenca, station of the Portuguese bishops, who was with Father Valinho when he called Sister Lucia and received her permission to release the letters.

The consecration "must not be done with all the bishops united in a room, but must be done by

"The letters are authentic," said Joaquin Navarro-Valls, Vatican spokesman.

every bishop in his diocese with the People of God of which he is the leader in union with the Holy Father", she said.

It was done properly in 1984 because the pope

"Who is in a better position than her to judge" the consecration?, he said.

Sister Lucia added that the pope also brought the original statue of Our Lady of Fatima fror.• Fatima to St Peter's for the ceremony.

The pope wanted to make the consecration but has not been explicit

whether he did it as part of his anti-communist efforts, Navarro-Valls added.

The Vatican spokesman said, however, that events of "enormous historical weight" began shortly afterward, transforming the communist world.

These included: • The coming to power in March 1985 in the Soviet Union of Mikhail Gorbachev, who loosened Soviet control over Eastern Europe and began political and economic reforms at home.

• A series of nonviolent revolutions starting in 1989 which topled communist governments throughout Eastern Europe.

• A historic December 1989 Vatican meeting of the pope and Gorbachev in which the Soviet leader pledged a law religious protecting freedom.

"It will be interesting to see if the pope says anything about all this" during his May 12-13 visit to Fatima, said Navarro-Valls.

Bullet reminder...

FATIMA: A bullet memento of Pope John Paul's shooting 10 years ago was potent reminder of his purpose in again visiting Fatima last week.

I talilL Ike, it.

A 1952 picture of the aged parents of the three Fatima visionary children. Behind them is the rugged stone cottage in which they lived.

6 The .Rec9rdi.May- 16, 1991

The bullet that nearly killed him was given to the local bishop in 1984 and fixed to the crown of the statue of Our Lady of Fatima where the pope made the return May 13 pilgrimage.

That date marks the first of the Fatima apparitions in 1917 and the date of his miraculous survival. He links the two in his devotion to Mary and he made a thanksgiving visit to Fatima in 1983.

The purpose of this visit, he said, was "to head for Fatima to thank Our Lady for the protection given to the Church in these years which have seen rapid and profound change".

Before Mass on May 13, the pope met Sister Lucia dos Santos, an 84-year-old cloistered Carmelite nun and the only survivor of the three children who saw the Fatima apparitions. They talked alone for 12 minutes.

The previous night, the pope had visited the tombs — located in the shrine church — of the other two children.

Happy ar those who lau and love Love thy neighbour as thyself. This commandment of God is explicit and positive.

It does not delve into colour or race.

Hence this picture tells the story of unrestrained love, warmth and spontaneity. It speaks of an innate feeling regarclless of colour or race.

To put it in the words of Lynwood's Father Joe Mendrez, MSC, "this picture was God-sent".

As he perched his rotund figure on the mail box outside St Jude's Presbytery, these two

By Roy Lazaroo girls just dismissed from school for the day raced into his arms.

A huge hug and eager "hello Father" followed.

So the recording of this scene became irresistible.

It showed young and raw affection at work.

It- was a magic moment that left this writer raptured, to think what a lovely and peaceful world this would be if all people behav th second Two at St Jude's in Lynwoo

showed -1Wilutely no, inhibition in expressing their affection for Father Joe. Jasmine Day (I'm Australian) was white. Pauline Wickens (I'm Australian too) had a complexion which sugted that she was of an ethnic background.

They were both good friends and they both knew how to shower their feelings on Father Joe, a Papua New Guinean, whose pigmentaon is a shade lighter an a coalmine at 'dnight (no disrespect /intended).

Of K'ildligines and the booze...

Father Joe Mendrez knows how to get round the problem of alcoholism among Aborigines and Papua New Guineans but does not "know how to put it in words".

"It is a complex problem and demands a lot of understanding," he said.

He talks about the problem in the two countries with an air of authority.

He has worked extensively in Port Moresby, Darwin, Queensland and New South Wales.

He says his success rate with alcoholics is 50 per cent and is pleased with it.

When Ether Joe was training as a priest he took a very special interest in the study of juvenile delinquency and rascalism.

At the end of each semester he was sent out to do practical work in various fields and at different provinces.

As a priest he became the rehabilitation officer in Port Moresby and "had my hands full".

He shuttled to and from Sydney regularly caring after Aborigines in halfway houses. He also worked in the Aboriginal reserves in Darwin for some time.

Quite regularly at the request of the sisters working in Halls Creek and Turkey Creek he would stop by at these two places and help out — giving suggestions to the sisters.

He views his work in this field as a challenge and admits to the fact the people Aboriginal

opened his eyes to many things.

(Australia was also governing PNG then.)

He said that Australian Aborigines were exposed to alcohol for a longer time than the people in PNG.

The new-found freedom went straight to the heads of the blacks. So did alcohol.

Under Australian administrative law drinking was taboo to the blacks but that did not stop them from drinking on the sly and making their own brew.

This was the effect of being deprived for so long, according to Father Joe.

When Australia lifted the ban in 1962 the blacks hit the bottle like there was no tomorrow.

"When you bar a person from drinking or tell him not to touch this or that you make him suspicious. Human nature will drive the person to look beyond.

His job here and his target He looks like a smaller version of a sumo wrestler. He hails from Papua New Guinea. He is as black as black can be.

He is gentle, friendly and exudes a lot of warmth.

He is Father Joe Mendrez, a Missionary of the Sacred Heart, who accepted an invitation to help out Father Bob Mitchell at St Jude's Church, Lynwood.

And so a year or so ago Father Joe Mendrez walked right into what would be possibly the most multi-racial congregation in Perth.

Thus far he has found his work in the Lynwood parish most satisfying and rewarding.

"My fulltime work is visiting homes where we discuss spiritual matters

and faith and pray together.

"There is good communication in the parish.

"Many of the people in the parish are migrants.

One of the real proofs is when you see them is in church," said Father Joe. A major project he conducted in the parish was a census of the Catholic population in the area. What he thought would take three months in fact took six.

This involved discussing the questions to ask, Fr Joe Mendrez the planning and distri- warm, friendly and bution of questionnaires. gentle.

He is still receiving a Some Catholics in the feedback to those area, he noted from some questions.

He hopes the census of the replies, do not even will help Catholics in the know where the church area to know where the is.

He said the census will church is and who are the priests serving them. also help St Jude's to have

While in Perth Father closer contact with the people.

Joe hopes to raise enough "The census has also money to set up a water given me the opportunity supply in the village to meet people, talk to where he works. them and get a better He said most of the local understanding of their priests in PNG worked in problems with the faith, the villages and were with the Church as a "really poor". whole and the priests in "Sometimes it is very the area. hard for them to make "It has also helped them ends meet.! occasionally to know better now have helped my village. where to go when they "Everytime I go home I need spiritual help," said Father Joe. see old people carting water over long distanHe has found the parices. The village depends shioners very helpful solely on a creek for its and hospitable. water supply." He feared Father Joe said he did the danger of water not know exactly when pollution. he would return to his "One day I may raise home base in Port some funds to help the Moresby. water system in my "It will probably be at village." He plans to have the end of the year," was fund-raising projects all he ventured to say. before he leaves.

"The blacks were already drinking and naturally wanted to know why the whites did not want them to drink."

He said there were many reasons that drove Aborigines to drink: some say it is because of boredom, some say frustration and some say they like it, some say they drink because they feel rejected.

They felt that drink helped raise them to the level of the others.

So the dangerous process began. One drink, then two, then three and then down the road to destruction.

In the course of his work Father Joe would in a tactful way make alcoholics realise the many people they were hurting by their actions.

Aborigines were shy and found that drinking helped them get rid of that setback.

Those who wake up to the truth usually take a successful path to complete recovery.

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The Record, May 16, 1991

7

What can family members do to improve homelife?

Consider the small matter of communication.

If family members miscommunicate, it isn't usually because they don't care.

Rather, they don't listen attentively or they rush through conversations. It takes conscious effort to communicate better at home.

And don't forget that family life goes

through stages; changes for one member can touch all.

Communication about this is essential.

Sometimes family members will need help from an outside counsellor, and from God, to adapt to a new stage in family life.

What pulls family members apart?

Sometimes the culprit is a pattern of

social activities just ford' adults or just for children.

Only by design will y get children and adults together for iiivities outside the home.

Sometimes the culprit is finances, which pose an obstacle outings that could bring family menaora together for a day.

Should money be bud!, ted for these kinds of activities? If fik aces are the

problem, families may want to ask whether anything they currently do budget for could be given up.

Finally, remember that little things mean a lot at home — like the dinner table — an image of the Lord's table, where more than physical nourishment is intended.

Do a family's members rarely eat together? If so, lay a plot to change this, at least part of the time.

Real homes ior real people If fostering unity strengthens family life under ordinary circumstances, it becomes a practical necessity in a second marriage involving many children.

My husband Jack and I discovered this in 1972 when we married, three years after the deaths of our first spouses.

Together our two groups of children numbered 15: eight girls and seven boys, ages 6 to 28.

Since they had been greiving the loss of a parent, they were hurting, even wary, suspicious.

The first "inspired" thing we did was to include all of them as our

attendants in giving us away at the wedding.

Thus began our legacy of choosing no favourites among the children or pitting one against the other in comparisons or competition.

Of course, that does not mean all the children were treated alike all the time. We walked a tightrope trying to respect their individual needs, to nurture their unique talents and give space to their diverse personalities.

One of our goals was to make the family a fixed point in a confusing. changing world.

Simply to be there for each other was expected

Byline Hughes of eyone although rarelyurbalised. It is as if each)erson was and is motivaW by an instinctive 'aging to belong and torotect the others — thethers now including 20xandchildren.

Beingthere has meant watchig two infants fight ir their lives and seeinghem today whole and eibracing life. It meant he adventure of being 'second coach," cheek on your daughter to:ve birth to your nameg e.

It melt listening to the unbukning of heavy heartsicing the shatter-

ing effects of the five divorces we experienced, and sharing in the eventual healing.

Most of the time it has meant celebrating: little Elaine's pure, clear voice soaring through the church at the children's Mass, Joey speeding the puck past the goalie and Arnie dancing her heart out in the high school musical.

We have tried to live by two strong principles: unconditional love and trust.

Often unconditional love has meant accepting when you don't agree and the welcoming hug for those who have left.

And trust — in God and yourself — has been the hope that you have done the best you could along with the admission of being wrong when you were.

Of course, trust also has meant letting go at the right time.

This year we received a valentine from our son Michael and his wife Joanne, which I'd like to share for what it says about the goals of homelife and what we at least aimed for at our house.

"There are only two lasting bequests we can hope to give our children.

One of these is roots, the other wings. Thank you for giving both."

Self-sacrifice or despair: An intriguing story There is an intriguing story about homelife in the Old Testament book of the prophet Hosea.

This situation would seem to have been something like the following.

Hosea married a girl named Corner. Her background was rather seamy.

There are indications that she was on the staff of one of the shrines dedicated to the worship

of the fertility god, Baal.

She would have been what is called, rather paradoxically, a sacred prostitute.

So she left him and went back to her old job.

Poor Hosea was crushed. In spite of everything, he really How Hosea met Corner loved Corner — so much, we are never told. But he in fact, that he stooped to fell in love with her and the indignity of buying married her. For awhile her back from her they were quite happy. employer-, she was valuThey had three children. able property. Then he brought her back home.

But after the birth of the One can imagine the third child, Corner suddenly decided she was stir this caused in the tired of dishes and neighbourhood! But now he kept a sharp eye on diapers.

her, taking no chances on a repeat performance.

Here was a man who went to extraordinary lengths to solve a marital problem.

It is a moving story of love and of a determination to hold a family together, at great cost to pride and in other ways too.

Later, reflecting on his bittersweet experience, Hosea saw it as an image of God's dealings with his

DISCUSSION POINTS What approach (activity; plan of action) works to strengthen family unity?

Selected responses from readers: "Sharing our faith. We talk about it a lot and are active together in our church and community. We try to be there for our children."

— Joe Bonadiman "We admit our mistakes. We read Scriputre together. We belong to a (spiritual renewal group) called Focolare. Last year we attended a Mariopolis together where we tried to live the Gospel more intensely. The children have picked up on that a lot." — Phil Caruso "We love each other and try to get along."

— Mike Johnson "I try to improve my attitude . . . particularly toward family, and refrain from being accusatory or judgmental.

Since actions speak louder than words, I try to set an example by living my faith." — Mary Ann Wilcox "We let (our children) know that when someone has a need, we are always there." — Anna Marie Smith "When tensions are high . . . the one good principle that works for me is, 'Do unto others as you would want them to do unto you.' This will almost always turn any anger I have into a need to understand . It takes away my 'tunnel vision' and allows me to be more openminded." — Mary Campbell "Daily rosary together. Now that my children are grown up and have their own families, they carry it on." — Marina Basile 8 The Record, May 16, 1991

By Father John Castelot unfaithful people and of God's compassionate love for them.

Scripture gives little information on family tensions as such.

In a male-dominated society, if problems arose, men settled them quite summarily by authoritarian decree.

They simply put a stop to them — by divorcing

troublesome wives and disciplining unruly children.

The situation in biblical times was greatly different from our own.

Women were properties to be used and controlled as such. That is certainly not the case today.

Not that all homelife was founded on cold, impersonal marriages.

The ideal for homelife

was harmony and love, as it is today.

And there are several instances of deeply human, loving relationships, like those of Jacob and Rachel, Elcanah and Hannah.

Surely this was true of other marriages, as well, but the biblical authors were not overly concerned with recording "human-interest" stories.

Naturally, in Scriptural times, as in our own,

socir: exerted pressures on itmelife. Polygamy, them rm in the earliest da0 of God's chosen pee. ,presented special prelims, for example.

Riglies gave rise to squib )1es between wives and c mcubines, hardly coal ruling to a cozy fan* atmosphere.

Th men seemed to regar: these unpleasantness as women's businesand to ignore them as nm :h as possible. But

sometimes it was impossible to remain cooly detached.

When Sara and her maid Hagar got involved in a particularly nasty spat, Abraham finally just threw up his hands and told his wife to do as she pleased with the girl.

This wasn't easy, For Hagar had borne the only son he had at the time.

Sarah had borne no children and it would have been especially

hard for Abraham to see his hope of posterity banished along with Hagar. His compliance was a desperate move to keep peace in the household — at any price.

Between Abraham and Hosea, we see two comdifferent pletely approaches to problems at home: The first simply throws his hands up in despair. giving up; the latter, in a self-sacrificing manner, puts love in action.

"Ft is easier in the long run for a family to come together and learn about community resources to take care of a needy member than it is to hide from the fact that one of them needs real help," states Dominican Father David K. O'Rourke in his article on coping with long-term family problems.

Viewing homelife from a new angle

By Father David K O'Rourke, OP

Let me tell you: bout two families.

One family, peole I've known for years, a son who ,ppeared to have bright have I sat with an old friend as she lay dying recently. During the week she called in each prospects. But tegi-age drug experimentaof her children for long and affectionate tion led to continuing drug use, and drug use led to burne(1-)ut brains. talks.

A seemingly taionted 15-year-old is now She told us all to be upbeat, that she was at peace and not afraid to die. a dull and unenvloyable 25-year-old who or atying hissfsohrtoun es.e in We prayed with her as she received has trouble washiiiignd Communion.

Years of hope Smiling and fully alert, she told us all not counselling le to what looked like a dead to be sad or worried, then she slipped into end. sleep. A few hours later she died.

The young man'; situation is hard on the Religious people want to believe that is family. The father vanted a son he could be how it should be. Sickness and pain give proud of. The othel boys found their brother way to light and faith — not just at the time an embarrassme IA and had stopped of dying, but at all times. bringing friends hi'me• Sooner or later, however, we all face The mother, having gone back to work situations that seem to go nowhere. We after raising thrfy boys, did not want a don't see the light at the end of the tunnel. 'child'° care for, especially now permanent In dealing with situations like these, we approiching her 50th birthday. was can find it hard just to make it from day to that she o7 n thoesefeatmheer."sTahidis.

That was whensitlueaytcia day. What do you do when there seems no is an impossible hope, no way out?

"What do we do?"Isympathised with them for awhile, but our meeting ended with no conclusion or good advice.

Then, a few hours later, I realised that their situtation was not that different from any family with a neurologically or emotionally limited member. I asked myself, what do these families do?

A telephone call to a parish family with a handicapped child started us on the right road. "The first thing you do is admit to yourself that you're not a perfect family.

"And the second is to admit that to others."

That was the door opener.

From that point on the task was much easier. It is easier in the long run for a family to come together and learn about community resources to take care of a needy member than it is to hide from the fact that one of them needs real help.

Rather than be beaten by the fact that there is no light at the end of the tunnel, they decided that perhaps there weren't in a

tunnel afterall; instead, they were in a tough situation that, with help and cohesion, they could handle.

The second example involves a manIwill call Jerry. He is from Central America and has worked for more than 20 years as a wellpaid, skilled employee in an electronics company.

But the company has just been bought out and his job is being terminated. Jerry has two choices: Early retirement with a modest pension, or a differnt job that is not as wellpaying or as interesting.

"With that pension, we could go to our country and live pretty well. Actually, better than we do here. But the schools are bad, and ther's no future for the kids. So there really isn't much choice.

"I guess," he said to me with great resignation, "I take care of the kids, but from my point of view, it is meaningless."

And what Jerry described was another 10 or 15 years of work that he saw as purposeless; a long tunnel that eventually

came to an end, but with no real light at the end.

Jerry is genuinely religious. Doing what is Christian is important to him. So I challenged his dark view.

"Taking care of your family because you is. of ligtotlod dmo m gn hce t the rdia think isim "That's something do we why reason because the puts purpose in our lives".

"You mean that's important?" he asked me. "In Catholic theology," I told him, "the reason why you do something is a key moral element. Our good purposes can add importance".

Here, too, what we see for a family is not the creation of a special light at the end of a dark tunnel. Rather, it is a different way of looking at the tunnel itself. How we view situations makes a difference.

In our lives these dark places can have a special meaning because they are our places. The human struggle and effort they involve are always worthwhile because they are never far from God. The Record, May 16, 1991 9

By Colleen McGuiness-Howard

St John of God Sister Felicity Scales, originally from Victoria, and Pakistani Sister Josephine Ayub have recently spent a few weeks in Australia, which gave Sister Josephine a chance to catch up with the St John of God Sisters around Australia.

The St John of God sisters went to the Punjab province of Kashmir in 1980, and part of that team was Dr Isobel Moran, a St John of God Sister who is the current medical superintendant at the 120 bed hospital in Sialkot where Sisters Felicity and Josephine work.

The sisters there work as part of a team of nursing and paramedical staff who go out into the villages to do immunisation clinics, train people who can recognise symptoms, and promote health education, with hopefully improved better living standards.

If the patient problems are complicated, they are referred to the hospitals the si&rs run.

The are 103 million people in Pakistan, mostly Muslim. Two percent are Christian of which one percent is Catholic.

The team members also visit the schools for health education, and within the villages they try to contact the mid-

Sister Felicity back for holiday

Pakistani Sister Josephine Ayub (left) and Victorian Sister Felicity Scales, on Australian leave from Pakistan where the St John of God Sisters and other religious orders do w onderfully Christian works for the people of Pakistan.

wives to train them service for the Pakistani people because the priproperly.

There is a high mortal- vate /10m:dads are out of goes beyond sectarian ity rate for mothers and the reach of the poor, and boundaries of religion. infants due to lack of the general hospitals are So everybody can see the adequate techniques and run on the system where- face of Christ in these by you have to provide people". poor hygiene. your own hospital and Currently there are ten West Australian Presoperation equipment (for Pakistani sisters in trainentation sister May stitches and so on) and all ing and according to McGrath went to work the necessities as well.

Sister Felicity, they serve with the St John of God However the hygiene is Sisters some years ago as a model to the Pakistani women, mak- not good and the poor and is still there. ing them aware of their can't even afford to go to There are eight SIG own self worth, quality the government hospi- sisters from the Australtals, so the sisters run ian and dignity. province who were The sisters also operate their hospitals on sys- invited to take over the another hospital at Sai- tems which do not allow nursing and medical care bribery but rather opergodha within another ate on Christian stand- of Siallcot by the bishop. same the in area ards of compassion and Two years later, Sister province. justice with high stand- Josephine entered as a This is a women's ards of hygiene. local candidate and a few hospital for obstetrics Their patients are 98% more followed. and gynaecology.

"Seeing we had to get Muslim and as to why The hospitals remain these sisters give their serious about vocations," church property but the lives helping not only said Sister Felicity, "we sisters' schools have been other nationals but non- bought a house in Lahore nationalised.

Christians as well, Sister where there are other The sisters have pro- Felicity said "because it is religious orders. vided a truly Christian a healing ministry which "It's a lively Church

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The Record, May 16, 1991

there with quite a few opulence!) on his landvocations, considering holdings; they only earn the small number of a pittance which is not Catholics." given to them, but to the The sisters there, husband. including non-Pakistani, However there is trewear the Pakistani ver- mendous poverty among sion of the SJG habit the people, with Chriswhich is the shalwar tians being disadvan(pants), a chemise (top) taged in seeking work and a lovely head scarf if and having limited prothey go out, which motional possibilities. however does not cover In hospitals (governtheir face as is the ment and private) Chrisnecessity for Muslim tains are given only the women. lowly tasks and can't Sister Josephine is a expect advancement. trained nurse and she, But in the sisters' like the other Pakistani hospitals they have a sisters, studies religious chance to be educated formation. and are treated fairly.

Four are already proSister Felicity said the fessed and sister Jose- staff development is good phine is looking forward because in a few years' to her final profession time the Pakistanis they perhaps next year, along train will be able to run with her blood sister who their own hospitals. entered another religious "We couldn't manage order and is due to make without our Pakistani her vows. people."

The Pakistanian sisters And as this is her first are given general aca- visit to Australia, Sister demic education and Josephine was asked make sure they keep in what she thought of it. touch with the locals.

"Australia is a beautiful Entering a religious country! And I can see order was not too diffi- much difference cult for Sister Josephine's between our Third family because her father World and your First was a catechist and her World country. mother didn't object to "In the Third World her two daughters jointhere is too much poverty ing convents. and here, although they But with their culture, it say there is poverty — I can be difficult, said don't anyone see Sister Josephine, if some- hungry!" one joined and then The super cleanliness wanted to leave. also impressed her "But The family would feel yet when I go into the as though they had lost hospitals I see so many face. sick people!"

Sr Josephine's brother is The St John's sisters in training as a laboratory as do their Pakistan, technician and the SIG throughout the sisters sisters are helping to world, operate on five finance his education. values withing the SJG The SIG sisters on their health care healing minarrival took over from istry: justice, compassion German sisters who had respect, hospitality and set up the women's excellence. hospital. The SIG sisters These values have been have further developed translated into Urdu, the the work. national language of A hospital operated by Pakistan, "so when we women for women is work with these values, rather important in Pak- we can bring them into istan because women are people's lives," the sisters not allowed to attend a said. male doctor and males The women there need do not go to women much inspiration doctors. because being of the In Pakistan there is no Muslim culture they social welfare so the don't have much worth, family and extended and their dwellings are family are essential as very poor. bread winners to each Their quality of life other. leaves much to be Generally the boys go desired with their averout to work and the girls age mud brick house remain at home. But being of two rooms only even they work for the with a flat roof for landlord (who lives in sleeping on top.

Their family size is likely to be of six surviving children with an accompanying high mortality rate.

And their marriages, whether they be Christian or Muslim, are all arranged. Life is difficult for a Muslim woman if she is divorced, which the husband can do by merely saying three times "I divorce you".

She then has to go back to her own family for survival or if they are dead, hopefully another family will take her in.

The Muslim male can have two or three wives simultaneously.

Infections and diseases prevalent in Pakistan, include cholera, typhoid and so on, and babies die off like flies they said.

There is also much malnutrition and chest infection and women die of child-bearing related diseases.

'Pirs' are the local healing men who do traditional healing and the 'quacks' and unqualified medics also 'advise' the sick!

"So at times people spend all their money doing the rounds," said Sister Felicity, "and then finally come to us".

Needless to say the average life-span is only 50 because there is no village sanitation — with people having to go into the fields with the resultant effect of vermin and disease. No one apart from the very affluent has the luxury of taps in their homes.

Everyone else must go to the village wells.

Another excellent work the sisters do in conjunction with other religious, is to ensure that prisoners, who live in appalling conditions, receive one good meal a week.

So they provide them with meat, vegetables, curry and fruit which otherwise they wouldn't get.

The religious care enough about these people to keep in touch with them and help them in this way.

Thus these good Catholic sisters and other religious, show the beautiful virtues and fruits of Christianity to all people, regardless of colour or creed, helping make others' lives that much more bearable.

Help! They are dying "As the media personnel reel from one disaster to another — the invasion of Kuwait, the Gulf War, the Kurdish refugees and now the Bangladesh cyclone and floods — the people in the Horn of Africa quietly, and anonymously, wait for rain and the possibility of a harvest in six months time.

"But many thousands of the people in the Horn of Africa — Sudan, Somalia and Ethiopia — will not be alive to see this hoped-for harvest," said Maureen Postma, Information Officer of Australian Catholic Relief.

"This time last year, I was travelling in Eritrea, monitoring the distribution of an Australian food aid shipment. People were in reasonable health, but already beginning to cut back on their food rations, as the lack of rain had prevented mid-season planting of food crops. At that time also, they were preparing the soil to plant, as soon as the rains of June-September started.

"While there were some sporadic showers, June was a very hot month, seedlings were destroyed in the heat, and later rains never eventuated. In many areas of sub-Saharan Africa there was no harvest in October 1990.

"Then, because of the Gulf War, and the focus on other emergencies, the international community has done little to prevent starvation in the Horn of Africa. The people are now beginning to die because of a lack of food.

Joint appeal

Fourteen of Australia's overseas aid agencies have joined to launch an appeal for the victims of the Bangladesh cyclone.

"This is the worst disaster for more than 20 years in Bangladesh with over 10 million people directly affected," said Secretary for the Appeal, Russell Rollason. The Appeal is co-ordinated by the International Disaster Emergencies Committee.

Funds will be sent through non-government organisations directly to the people in most need.

Funds will provide urgently needed food, shelter, medicines, farming and household utensils.

Donations of $2 and over are tax deductible, and can be sent to: Bangladesh Disaster Appeal, GPO Box 9900, Canberra ACT 2601.

Agencies participating in the appeal are: Adventist Development & Relief Agency, Australian Baptist World Aid, Austcare, Australian Catholic Relief, Australian Council of Churches, Australian Freedom From Hunger Campaign, Australian Lutheran World Service, Community Aid Abroad, ICARE, International Women's Development Agency, National Council YMCA of Australia, Save the Children Fund Australia, St Vincent de Paul Society, UNICEF Committee of Australia.

Contact Russell Rollason (06) 247 4822 (BH), (06) 254 0385 (AH).

"As an agency with a long-term development' focus to its work with partner agencies around the world, Australian Catholic Relief appeals for immediate emergency assistance for the people caught in this hunger-cycle.

"Food delivered now will enable people to stay on their lands, ready to once again till the soil when the rains come.

"The Australian Government can immediately authorise funds to ship grain, flour, high-protein biscuits to the starving people in these countries.

"Australians can urge our Government to encourage peaceful and just societies in the countries in this area — and we can give funds to enable agencies working in the area respond to the needs of the local people.

New college head Mr Eric McAleer, has taken over as the acting principal of Mercy College, for seven terms, replacing Mr R. Finucane. Mr McAleer has taught in the Education Dept for over 20 years and wished to return to the Catholic system.

His last position was as the principal of Northampton Senior High School. He is keenly interested in student performances and welfare and participation of the Mercy College in community activities.

He said he felt honoured to be heading a college with an already well established reputation with educational and community circles of the northern suburbs, and would endeavour to build even further on this firm hasp.

Cdt Cpl Duncan Middlemass of (Mirrabooka) Year 12 College Mercy attended an Air Traffic Control Course for Air Training Corps cadets on a national scale at RAAF Edinburgh Air Base, Sth

Clancy leads talks CANBERRA: Last week a deputation led by Cardinal Clancy met with the Prime Minister and the Minister for Employment, Education and Training, Mr D awkins, to discuss Catholic education funding issues.

The delegation put the case for a significant increase in capital funds.

They sought a doubling over the next three years of the present allocation of $80m per year to nongovernment schools.

(Some 70-75 per cent of this goes to Catholic schools).

This was needed to cope with the growing high school retention rates and rising demand generally for places in Catholic schools.

It was pointed out that Catholic schools represented an annual saving

to the public purse of at lease $1 billion.

Catholic communities are contributing about 73 per cent of monies required for school facilities but this was difficult to sustain, particularly for families as the recession deepened.

The delegation estimated that the nongovernment sector needs an immediate injection of $10m for capital facilities in 1992 pending a review to be implemented in 1993.

Other concerns focused on the impact of "new federalism" on the funding of schools and the funding difficulties flowing from the implementation of the recent national wage decision.

The Prime Minister expressed sympathetic understanding of the position.

Australia in the school vacation. He was ranked second on the course with a score of 90.7% after the dux who scored 91.5%.

He covered areas such as navigation, meteorology, altimetry, rules of the air and aircraft performance.

He was one amongst five West Australian cadets who were selected.

There were a total of 15 who attended on a national scale.

He is an NCO with No 14 Flt. Mercy College is proud of his achievement.

A new stained glass window designed by Ken Wildy was recently installed in the Mercy College Chapel en cave. It depicts the Virgin Mother holding the Child Jesus.

The colour design is exquisite, with each hue representing various divine aspects.

The idea was conceived by outgoing principal Mr R Finu-

cane and Mr B. Dwyer (maintenance manager).

The addition it was felt, would add to the uniqueness of the main College building. Fr Gaine conducted the Blessing Ceremony, Mr Eric McAleer Principal of the College welcomed guests and the student body present at the ceremony.

He said it was not often that such pieces of art were seen in school modern complexes.

"Australian Catholic Relief works with the local Church agencies in Sudan and government-held areas in Ethiopia. We also give assistance through the Eritrean Relief Association and the Relief Society of Tigray. Somali refugees are being cared for by diocesan members of the Kenya Catholic Secretariat.

"People in the Horn of Africa are almost exhausted trying to make ends meet as they care for people in need. Can we in Australia assist them in this time of emergency?"

It's 'passive euthanasia' The Coalition for the Defence of Human Life has formally responded to the Attorney-General's call for public comment on the Medical Treatment for the Dying Report.

In a letter to the Attorney-General, accompanying a detailed critique of the report's nineteen recommendations, the Coalition asserts that the report "calls for the legislation of actions that can be best described as passive euthanasia, i.e. the intentional ending of a human life by the ommission or

Religious war a thing of the past ROME (CNS): A leading Vatican official, addressing a meeting of Christian, Muslims and Jews, said the recent Persian Gulf War showed that "wars of religion" are a thing of the past.

Cardinal Roger Etchegaray said that numerous representatives of all three religions "rejected the idea that the war in the Gulf had religious causes".

The cardinal said this was demonstrated most clearly by Pope John Paul II, who forcefully condemned the war and repeatedly urged an end to hostilities. In the end, religion was not exploited to fan the flames of war, Cardinal Etchegaray said.

"In this sense, I think I can say there was a big step forward. The idea that there can still exist wars of religion seems to be finished forever," he said.

Cardinal Etchegaray, president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, contrasted recent attitudes with that of past centuries, in which conflicts were frequently fought in the name of religion.

"How many men died for this! How many theological reasons were found to justify it, to incite violence!" he said.

A main Jewish participant in the meeting, former Chief Rabbi of Israel Shlomo Goren. also saw some progress

— but warned that religious fanaticism in Arab countries continues to bring instability to Middle East politics.

"We are satisfied by the fact that in the bloody Gulf war, religion was not a main factor and did not play a vital part in the breach of peace in that region," he said.

The rabbi said in an interview that religion, however, does play a "very important role" in the Middle East situation overall. For example, he said Zionism had called for the liberation of the state of Israel, and "we have done it". Current settlements in Israelioccupied territories are also seen as having a religious basis by most of

withdrawal of lifesustaining treatment or of food or water".

'The report supports not just voluntary euthanasia but also involuntary euthanasia for incompetent patients'. the letter says.

The Coalition has urged the Attorney-General to reject all the recommendations of the report.

The Coalition will continue to oppose the report and any other moves towards euthanasia in any form.

Five in the Baltic made bishops

VILNIUS, Lithuania: their inhabitants, he said.

Pope John Paul has made negaThe rabbi spoke tively about Muslim five episcopal appointfundamentalist groups, ments in the Baltic saying they represent the republics of Lithuania and "greatest obstacle" to Lativia.

Riga has a full rank peace in the region. archbishop for the first In his speech, Rabbi Goren acknowledged an time in 30 years, the increase in religious predecessor Cardinal tolerance, but said the Vaivods having been Jewish historical expe- allowed only to be an rience raises serious a dministrator under doubts about whether Soviet rule.

Also in Latvia, there is a religion has been a new bishop for the unifying factor.

To judge by the past, he diocese of Liepaja.

In Lithuania, one of two said, the "sad conclusion" is that "the majority new auxiliary bishops of all persecutions, was condemned to six pogroms and plans for years' hard labour and genocide against the four years of confineJewish people were ment in 1983, being planned and carried out released only when Presin the name of religion or ident Gorbachev lifted with its encouragement." religious restrictions.

The Record. May 16, 1991

11

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Simplistic, frivolous from Mrs Patricia HALLIGAN, Mandurah For Colleen McGuinnessHoward to say that 'Saddam Hussein took Kuwait and thumbed his nose at the rest of the world' is being too simplistic and frivolous about the causes of this tragic war in the Middle East.

Firstly, Saddam the dictator was a creation of western capitalism. Secondly, it seems that a serious breach of the democratic process has occurred in the US decision to go to war against Iraq. That makes Australia an accomplice.

A new book, The Commanders, started before the Gulf war and written by the former Watergate reporter and author John Woodward has claimed that: 1 . The order to start the war was made BEFORE US Congress had debated the issue.

2. That the Chief of Staff General Colin Powell and defence secretary Dick Chaney were in favour of

not even in our region — some would say the Australian regular serviceman's primary duty is loyalty to their government and their comrades.

That is precisely the view taken by regular servicemen on the other warring side — unquestionable obedience to their government and loyalty to comrades.

Without these qualities any military force is useless.

For Colleen McGuinessHoward to say vaguely that the sailor she interviewed is "not that sort of a fellow" presumably means he is not lacking in those qualities.

The question we should be asking is, do we continue to place loyalty to dubious foreign policies when it comes to dealing with agressors above loyalty to a higher authority?

Those who were against the war are compatriots too and since they consist of more than thirty per cent of Australians they amount to a substantial number.

However not all choose to

express it publicly, out of regard for the feelings of the servicemen who went. many of whom must privately ask themselves the same question how effective and just was the Gulf War? With Saddam still firmly entrenched in power, millions of homeless and starving refugees, massive damage to the environment and economies, the Middle East even more destabilised and apparently no nearer to achieving justice for minority people's in the Middle East, the inconsista noes and ineffectiveness of the UN shown up for what they are, it seems logical to me to state that there was no point in this terrible war or any war in history for that matter.

Our Lord made that pretty clear when He told Simon to put up his sword because those who lived by it would die by it. If the powerful nations of the world continue to insist on war as a solution to problems then they too will ultimately be destroyed by it.

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12 The Record, May 16, 1991

sanctions which they believed would work. They were also critical of the decision making process which they said was 'run like a boys club'.

3. The influence of Prince Bandar, the Saudi ambassador to the US, personal friend of George Bush, former fighter pilot and Washington play boy, had a major influence on the decision to declare war on Iraq against the inclinations of King Fand of Saudi Arabia.

4. That lies were told to the US public about the level of troops that would be needed and it was claimed that sanctions were being considered when in fact a decision to go to war had already been made.

If these allegations are true then one should question Australia's blind obedience to US foreign policies and the role of the UN. However, when political decisions have been made — by those who do not have to do the dying — to become involved in a war which is

Ask St Clare for three favours, one business and two impossible. Say nine Hail Marys for nine days. Pray with candle lit and allow to burn out. Our grateful thanks for favours received St Clare. H.R.T. 0 Holy Spirit you who solve all problems, light all roads so that I can attain my goal. You gave me the divine gift to forgive and forget all evil against me and that in all instances of my life you are with me. I want in this short prayer to thank you for all things as I confirm once again that I never want to be separated from you ever in spite of all material illusions.

I wish to be with you in eternal glory. Thank you for your mercy towards me and mine. Thank you Sacred Heart of Jesus, Our Lady of Perpetual Succour, St Anthony and St Joseph. MW. Ask St Clare for one business and two impossible favours.

Say nine Hail Marys for nine days with candle burning. On ninth day let candle bum out.

Publish this notice in paper.

M.C.R. May the Sacred Heart of Jesus be adored, glorified, and preserved loved throughout the world now and forever. Sacred Heart of Jesus pray for us. St Jude worker of miracles pray tor us. St Jude helper of the hopeless pray for us. This prayer must be said nine times day for nine days Publication must be prom med. Thankvou.

Holy St Jude apostle and Holy St Jude apostle and martyr, great in virtue and martyr, great in virtue and rich in miracles, near kins- rich in miracles, near kinsman of Jesus Christ, faithful man of Jesus Christ, faithful intercessor of all who invoke intercessor of all who invoke you. Special patron in time of you. Special patron in time of need. To you I have recourse need. To you I have recourse from the depth of my heart from the depth of my heart and humbly beg you whom and humbly beg you whom God has given great power to God has given great power to come to my assistance. Help come to my assistance. Help me now in my present and me now in my present and urgent need and grant my urgent need and grant my earnest petition, in return I earnest petition, in return I promise to make your name promise to make your name known and cause you to be known and cause you to be invoked. Say three Our invoked. Say three Our Fathers and three Glorias. St Fathers and three Glorias. St Jude pray for all who honour Jude pray for all who honour and invoke your aid. Publica- and invoice your aid. Publication must be promised. This tion must be promised. This novena has never been novena has never been known to fail B M R known to fail L. M B Ask St Clare for one business Special thanks to Jesus and and two impossible favours. Our Lady thro St Clare for Say nine Hail Marys for nine intentions granted. Keep days with candle burning, on watch over me and my ninth day let candle burn out. family. Thelma Thank you St Clare for Special thanks to St Clare for answering my prayers. Pub- favour received. Say nine Hail lish this devotion. M.G.C. Marys for nine days with Thanks to Our Lady, to the candle burning. Allow canSacred Heart to St Jude, and dle to burn out. Then St Rita di Cascia for favours o ublish ou.r LadD.Hy. Ask received. Adauge nobis and St Clare for fidem, Domine. N.H. one business, two impossible Novena to St Clare. Ask for favours. Say nine Hail Marys three favours — one business for nine days, pray with a and two impossible. Say nine candle lit and let it bum to Hail Marys for nine days if end on the ninth day. Publish you have faith or not. Pray this notice. With thank, with a lit candle and let it V.LS. burn to the end. On the Ask Our Lady and Si Clare for ninth day publish this notice one husiness hie° imposJ.B. sible tavours. Say nine Hail Grateful thanks to St Jude. the 'vtary‘ for nine days with Sacreo Heart and Our Lady candle burning. On ninth tei candle bum out. for ongoing favours received.

Publicise this devotion R.M. Star, Leslie

TOMORROW TODAY with Father Joe Parkinson

‘ 411.m

b.

Youth rally super ra e!

Simon Garbellini and Kristi McEvoy, performing one of many moving dramas during the "Open the Door" Rally on May 4.

The Claremont Superdrome has never seen anything like it! The band, all Catholic youth themselves, were energetic and professional all night.

Andrew Griffith, Michelle Kenworthy and Mark Pomery get the audience moving!

A night of just enjoying being Catholic and young together!

A night of contrasts — from raging in the aisles to moments of quiet reflection, pondering the great future God has in store for every young person who 'opens the door', a reference to Revelation 3:20.

The overwhelming reaction was "Fantastic! When is the next one?"

(Pix on this page by Jose Guerrero of Balcatta).

Take a great band with great music, a talented and energetic team of performers, add fifteen hundred lively young people and put them all into one of Perth's major sporting arenas for a night — and rage!

The Claremont Superdrome, scene of many great sporting events in the last few years, played host to a show with a difference on Saturday, May 4 — the "Open the Door" Catholic Youth Rally.

•

. . . . but mostly they were on their feet dancing, crowding the stage, raging as only young people can!

A t times the 1500-strong crowd were quiet and reflective, listening hard . . . .

The Redemptorist Lay Community present the

BODY AND PRAYER WORKSHOP May 25-26, 1991 at St Denis Primary School Joondanna (not live-in) A weekend workshop on body awareness, relaxation and meditation, mime as prayer.

Contacts: Bruce 328 7209, Angela 444 0352, Frank 343 3883, Susan 349 6467

Quiz Night

A journey called marriage . .

Travel together to the

The Vegas Hotel

Couple Enrichment Weekend

349 Charles Street, North Perth

JUNE 21-23

7.30pm, Tuesday, May 28

St Charles Centre Meadow Street, Guildford

Just $5 a head

Your marriage deserves the chance to be even better! This live-in weekend is especially recommended for couples in the first seven years of marriage. Discover a new road to a long and successful journey through life together!

at

Tables of six ... great prizes ... raffle ... games auction ... bar open ... fully licensed Ticket bookings: Call Inez on 328 9667 at the YCW Office, 10am-3pm daily.

Allproceeds assist the work of the Perth Young Christian Workers Group.

Information: John & JoAnn O'Neil (09) 330 5087.

Sponsored by ministry to Newly Married and Catholic Engaged Encounter The Record, May 16, 1991

13

by Colleen McGuiness-Howard

Students, art and books

Famous work at AGWA

Some key students in the putting together of Re Frayne are (back left) Julian Lim, year 12, Rachel Chernouski, year 8, Shane Hogan (left front), year 7 and Bethan Plowright, year 7.

As part of Ursula Frayne Catholic College's Open Day on May 7 and to celebrate National English Week the English faculty launched the inaugural publication of Re Frayne Teachers of English,

Mrs Anne Armstrong and Mr Warrick Connor collected the best vyriting from Years 1 to 12 students. Poetry, short stories, essays and cartoons were included, while computing students under the gui-

2

MINUTES A DAY FOR A

Sidney Nolan's Siege at Glenrowan 1946 from the Australian National Gallery collection Canberra, currently to be seen at the Art Gallery of WA in their Focus on Burning at Glenrowan exhibition.

The Australian National at Glenrowan and Siege bushranger's heads. A Gallery exhibition — at Glenrowan, together photograh by J.W. Lindt Focus on Burning at represent a dramatic of the bushranger Joe Glenrowan by Sidney climax of the Kelly saga Byrne, facsimile reproNolan — can be seen at — the incident where the ductions of illustrations the Art Gallery of West- outlaws Dan Kelly, Steve from the "Australasian ern Australia where it Hart and Joe Byrne were Sketcher -, and a suit of will run until Sunday, killed and their leader, armour and rifle used by June 9, 1991 going on to Ned Kelly captured. They the Kelly gang will all be four other venues around also represent the culmi- important inclusions in nation of Nolan's paint- the exhibition.

Australia.

It focusses on two ing cycle of the Kelly By focussing on the paintings by Sir Sidney series in 1946.

Nolan, one of Australia's The context for these depiction of one of most acclaimed and two paintings will be Australia's most well renowned artists — both established by a selection known folk heroes, this within this country and of Nolan's drawings of exhibition will not only incidents in the Kelly throw light upon and internationally.

The paintings, Burning story plus drawings of stimulate a response to

Daily Roman Missal.

(Studium Tbeologicae Foundation, Inc. (PM!lipines), 1989. bb. $75.)

Reviewed by Reverend Scott Reid.

The Daily Roman Missal is both attractive and manageable and includes all readings, prayers, and other liturgical texts not only for the Sundays and weekdays of the liturgical year, but also for the general calendar of Saints, including those canonised by Pope John Paul II. Each saint's feat is introduced with a short biography. The National Calendars for the major English speaking countries are included. Here a notable feature are the newly approved Masses for Austra-

14

lia Day and Anzac Day. A good selection of the Masses for Various Needs and Occasions, the Ritual Masses, and Masses for the Dead, is given. The Missal includes the Eucharistic Prayers for Reconciliation, and for children, as well as the twelve Masses that have been translated from the new Collection of Masses of the Blessed Virgin Mary Apart from this large menu of liturgical texts, the Missal has many additional features.

The nine page "introducton" to the Rite of Mass gives valuable material that could assist in a deeper reflection on what is the "source and summit of all Christian ilk".

Extracts from the general

The Record, May 16, 1991

instruction of the Roman Missal and the general introduction to the Lectionary provide even more material that shed light on the structure and theological meaning of the Mass and its parts.

Useful information is set out in a number of tables: the Calendar of Saints; National Calendars; the dates of the principal celebrations of the liturgical year up to 2010; and the distribution of scripture throughout the liturgical year.

By far the most valuable additional feature is the 200 page Treasury of Prayers. As well as a variety of traditional prayers and devotions, a brief summary of Christian Doc-

GREENER PLANET

other works by Sidney Nolan, but has the potential to introduce art to audiences with no prior interest in art, yet with an awareness of Australian folk tradition or social history.

The National Gallery's travelling exhibition program was established to increase public access to the National Collection for Australians living outside Canberra and now services state and regional centres nationwide.

trine that is clear and informative, serves to make this indeed a treasury One from which a person can continually draw from the wealth of our Catholic faith and traditions. Heading the Second Vatican Council's call to retain Gregorian Chant as the distinctive music of the Catholic Church, the Treasury includes a selection of the simple chants for the liturgical year. English translations are given where appropriate.

Similarly, in accordance with the Council's directive to retain Latin in the liturgy alongside the vernacular, this Missal provides the Order of Mass in both Latin and English, on facing pages

MARJORIE IAMB My Vocaiion is Love Therese of Lisieux, by Jean Lafrance (St Paul Publications $12.95).

St Therese of Lisieux attained the summit of love by plumbing the depths of her own powerlessness.

Confronted by this powerlessness in the events of every-day life, she abandoned herself more and more to Jesus Christ, the incarnation of God's mercy In so doing, she received the Saviours's healing, and the awareness of being loved by an infinitely merciful Father. We can all recognise our face in that of Therese.

Like her, we are poor, finite and often overcome by fear.

She can teach us that by following her way of abandonment we also will experience Love.

dance of teacher Mr Les Magyar, processed submissions on IBM word processors.

Anyone interested in purchasing copies of the 70 page inaugural edition may do so by ringing the College on 362 2344.

About Mother Earth

•

2 Minutes a Day for a Greener Planet by Marjorie Lamb (Collins Dove $16.99).

We've got two minutes .1 day for a greener planet.

How about you? Thu can change the planet's future without changing riur life.

This no-nonsense guide offers specific two-minute ideas that will make a valuable and real difference to the survival of planet Earth. Each hint will help the planet and not demand a big commitment. All you need to get started are the interesting and ueful tips in this book.

y V OCAT/ON LOVE T herese of Lisieux

Literature Land Marriage PeliCall The in the ilderness W

The Pelican in the Wilderness — about Marriage for the Married by Russel Morison CSsR Spectrum Publications Pty Ltd $17.50 + $2 postage. Reviewed by Terence Kennedy, Rome, available at Hofbauer Centre, 93 Alma Road, East St Kilda 3182, phone (03) 529 7861.

We are well accustomed to romantic love and the cosy closely knit family unit as the ideal of contentment. But the lived reality is tremendously different. So often romanticism leads to marriage break-down and the fantasy of perfect unity precipitates the family into disillusionment. It takes a life-long effort to bridge the chasm between image and reality The great merit of Father Morison's book is that it tells the truth about marriage and the family realistically without getting caught on the horns of the dilemma of falling either into romanticism or despair. The author has had years of experience preaching parish missions and retreats teaching moral theology and is now the director of Hofbailer Centre in Melbourne which is an institute for training in psychotherapy and kindred pastoral skills.

The guiding image of the book is the life of the pelican who was meant not for the wilderness but for the waterways, ie, not for isolation and solitude but for communion and companMy Favourite Quotations by Norman Vincent Peale (Collins Dove $19.99).

This indispensable resource offers a treasury of Norman Vincent Peale's favourite quotations. Spanning a breadth of categories — nature, work, character, faith, prayer, perseverance, death, aging, and more — each selection is prefaced with helpful suggestions on how the reader might use the quotation most effectively. Peale firmly believes that people become what they think, for, as Winston Churchill wrote, "It is a good thing to read books of quotations. The quotations, when engraved upon the memory, give you good thoughts."

These practical, inspira-

ionship. This small 1,,olurne is extremely concentrated and pointed. The author seeks to view marriage from all angles, by summoning matter from theology philosophy, the social sciences plus his own and others' clinical and pastoral experience. He studies the lifecycle of marriage, you could say, from its origins "in the primitive swamp", to its problems "when drought sets in" and the dream vanishes, to the life-long dedication to building a good relationship "in the summer day', and finally to the patterns of successful living worked out by the spouses "by well watered streams". The attractive feature of this book is its holistic vision of the total reality The key to his interpretation is religious. "The moral standards presumed in what is written here are those the taught by Catholic . . . here is the best guide to the truth on which the health and sanctity of humanity depends" (p. 65) Besides assembling a massive amount of statistical information, and using so much of the findings of cultural anthropology, sociology and psychology "by way of collecting some of the wisdom that has appeared in print" (p27) there are some features in the author's approach that should be highlighted. Firstly his awareness that these institutions are part of the "Divine Plan for human happiness

tional quotations — invaluable for speakers, writers, and teachers, as well as clergy and lay people — offer inspirational wisdom from sources as diverse as the

and growth" (p. 12) and that this design finds its counterpoint in the reality of original sin.

Secondly he treats sexuality within the ecological system of marriage as having philosophically a subjective and an objective end. "Now in the sex instinct the subjective end is twofold, namely orgasm, which is a bodily experience; and the person of the opposite sex which is a psychical experience with a communal character. . . Next, what of the objective end of the sex instinct: that is new life, whose need for nurture indicates the conditions in which this end can be attained: marriage.' (p. 2021) Thirdly in psychology he makes fruitful use of objectrelations theory, to show as "Fairbairn declared that there was no such thing as a sexual problem, only sexualised problems". (p65) Fourth in his treatment of marriage-family problems he comes right down to ground, e.g.: "Why do people marry? Because they are infatuated. . . Because they think there is some magic in marriage .

Because they cannot face life . . . Bet-Ance they lack the inner resources. . . Because they think another might complement their own deficiencies . . . Because they have a neurotic personality" (p. 32-36) These are all frightening and realistic possibilities for those who contemplate marriage. The correct inspiration and concrete motivation for marriage is found in St Paul's hymn to charity in 1 Cor.13.

Fifthly, he emphasises the spirituality of marriage as complementary and mutual love. As Scripture says: "A man will give all the substance of his house and count it as nothing." (p.

124) More than the scientific description of marriage and family institutions and their psychological dynamics, many readers will find the cases and personal stories recounted personally touching and enlightening. They constitute both a warning and an inspiration about how God's providence is realised and sometimes denied in the search for happiness and fulfilment today.

Bible, Marcus Aurelius, Cicero, Socrates, Thomas Aquinas and Dante Alighieri to more modern personalities.

by Colleen McGuiness-Howard

BERNARD SHAW

Eradication responsibly Building Out

Termites

V(.)1,UNIE 1 1 ,•-;5r.3 LOVE

MICHAEL HOLROYD 0 '0101111111111111r

Air

-imer

Ireland's Shaw "One of the most individual and talented of English biographers. . . Holroyd tells us all about everything: Shaw's clothes, his diet, his living arrangements, his mother and father, his complex dealings with all

manner of different women, his bicycling, his political stumping, how local government functioned in the London borough of St Pancras where Shaw served six years as a councilman.

Along with this rich backpound, there is a searching and often brilliant account of his work as a critic, a novelist and a budding playwright." (Los Angeles Times Book Review.)

Earthing the Gospe4 An inculturation handbook for pastoral workers by Gerald Arbuckle, (St Paul Publications $19.95).

This is a handbook for pastoral workers, with case histories, personal stories and the results of fieldwork with many hundreds of people in the First and Third Worlds.

The creative thought of Gerald Arbuckle has already made a powerful impact in the area of refounding religious communities, which he described in Out of Chaos.

Now he applies the insights of social anthropology to the parishes of the home front and offers the tools needed to address the issues of mission and incul-

turation in Australia, New Zealand, Britain, Canada, the USA and the rest of the First World Insights gained from missions in other parts of the world can, by rightly applying the methods described in this book, be just as fruitful back home.

• This is the first handbook on inculturation in the First World • Practical — this book is written primarily for nonspecialists who have little or no of knowledge anthropology • Each chapter ends with questions for reflection; action • Includes topical issues: racism, fundamentalism, youth and migrant subcultures, with frequent use of studies/examples.

Bernard Shaw, Volume 1: 1856-1898. The Search for Love by Michael Holroyd (Penguin $16.99).

ROBERT VERKERK Building Out Termites, book outlines environmentally responsible termite An Australian Manualfor Environmentally Responcontrol; an approach which sible Control, by Robert minimises the use of hazardVerkerk. Available from ous chemicals. Detail is environmentally given on: any termite conscious bookshops, • constructing resistant buildings, (Pluto Press $19.95).

Termites (white ants) are • modifying existing buildintrinsically associated with ings to make them less human life in Australia susceptible to termites, While termites continue to • what to look for during pose a serious threat to the inspections, structure of most Australian • plus some novel, yet simple, surprisingly buildings, the chemicals that have been used to control methods of curative control. these insects are rapidly The third part of the book losing favour on environ- is devoted to responsible mental and human health approaches to the control of a variety of common housegrounds.

Building Out Termites hold and structural pests, offers a new and unique such as borers, wood decay. fungi, cockroaches, ants and approach to termite control which is based largely on spiders.

This book is essential non-chemical methods.

Emphasis is placed on reading for anyone interinspection procedures, ested in termite control physical and cultural control including home occupants, architects, builders, public methods and localised treatservants and pest control ment of infestations. operators.

In a very readable way, the Robert Verkerk is a leading first part of Building Out expert in the field of termite Termites: • examines the biology and control. He founded Systems Pest Management in 1983, a ecology of termites, company which has poi• critically assesses conventional control approaches neered the control of urban pests without the use of and, • shows how and why hazardous chemicals. Robert intensive chemical termite has developed and taught control procedures are pest control courses as well poisoning our bodies, soils as being a member of various and animals. government and industry The second part of the committees.

About birth The A -Z of Pregnancy and Birth by Michael Humphrey and Susan Gumley with Professor Carl Wood. Published by Penguin. $14.99.

The A-Z of Pregnancy and Birth is the only practical, down-to-earth, explanatory guide to the often baffling technical terms constantly associated with pregnancy For first pregnancies especially, massive amounts of foreign information must be understood and digested at each doctor's appointment.

This book will help parents-to-be assimilate the facts, feel less intimidated and as a result become more relaxed and self assured — this understanding is essential to the whole family for the successful outcome of the pregnancy The A-Z of Pregnancy and Birth and its' information is unique as it combines, on a professional level, the wealth of knowledge gained by both an obstetrician and a midwife, offering us a wide range of experience.

The Record, May,16,1991 15

Pennants Runaway wins were the order of the day in the second round of the WACLTA Mixed Winter Pennants.

Following the first round wash out, this week's fixtures were played in ideal conditions.

Unfortunately, in all but one match the results were one sided. The match of the day was in the "B" Grade clash between Yadarra and Dianella. Going into the last match Yadarra led five sets to four but trailed by three games; Dianella took out the last set nine games to seven and won the tie six sets all to 68 games to 63.

Other results "A" Grade: Queens Park seven sets 76 games defeated St Benedict's three sets 63 games.

Dianella 10 sets 90 games defeated Thornlie 0 sets 32 games. Castledare had a bye.

"B" Grade: Attadale nine sets 83 games defeated Queens Park one set 45 games. Willetton 10 sets 90 games defeated St Mark's 0 sets 34 games. Dianella five

sets 68 games defeated Yadarra five sets 63 games. PignateLli had a bye.

Quiz Night tickets (Tuesday, June 11) are available through all member clubs; get teams together. Individuals will be slotted into teams on the night. All enquiries to John and Donna Ward (telephone 417 2228).

Sidelines Association vice president, Brian Quain, and his new bride, Maria, recently returned from their honeymoon in the South-West. Association members extend their congratulations to the newlyweds. Brian is expected to take his place in Queens Park "A" Grade team for this week's round of fixtures.

Miss ACLTA 1989, Marietta Russo, (back in Perth after two years teaching in Botswana) featured in press and in television relating her experiences in Africa.

She is currently teaching at Newman Siena.

Marietta will be on the judging panel for this year's Miss WALTA's Queen Quest.

— Bryan Kukura

MANNING & ASSOCIATES U fromeire:41.4 Contact Lens Consultants GROVE PLAZA, COTTESLOE Russell W. Manning, WAOA (Dip) Mark A. kalnenas, B. Optom (NSW)

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BULLSBROOK PILGRIMAGE Rosary, homily and Benediction will be held on Sunday, May 26 at the Bullsbrook Church "Virgin Mary Mother of the Church" at 2pm.

Foundation Day, Monday, June 3 at 11am: Mass to celebrate the fourth anniversary of the dedication of this Church.

For further information and bus reservations please ring 344 4054 for Marangaroo, Dianella, Perth, Highgate and Midland bus and 339 4015 for Fremantle bus.

Sacri Assoc Inc, PO Box 311, Tuart Hill WA 6060. Telephone 571 1699.

The archdiocesan annual general meeting will be held on May 24 at the Redemptorist Monastery. Registration 9.30am. BYO lunch; tea and coffee provided.

BAYSWATER BLESSING On Sunday, June 9 Bishop Healy will dedicate the rebuilt church of St Columba, Bayswater and bless and open the new parish centre and presbytery. Mass will be celebrated at 4pm followed by light refreshments in the new parish centre. All welcome. Enquiries 274 1414, 271 7181.

MAY 24

24 HOURS

Money raised through sponsorship goes to aid children in Third World countries.

For further information contact

Mission office 325 5264 Receipts available for tax purposes.

We're countrywide too . . !

NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING

Is as close as your phone

(008) 11 4010 (free call) (Metro callers please use 221 3866) Natural Family Planning Centre 27 Victoria Square Member of the Australian Council of Natural Family Planning Inc.

16

The Record, May 16, 1991

INNALOO JUBILEE The golden jubilee of Father George O'Leary will be celebrated on Sunday, June 9. To join the celebrations please contact the Golden Jubilee Committee, 19 Phillips Grove, lnnaloo, WA 6018 for an invitation.

PENTECOST RALLY Catholic Charismatic Renewal will hold a Pentecost Celebration at St Mary's Cathedral on Sunday, May 19: Reflection 7.15pm, Prayer and Praise 7.30pm, Eucharist 8pm.

Celebrant Fr Bob Carden OFM. Healing teams available after Mass.

The Australian Burma Mission Relief Society holds its "May" Charity Dance at the Morley Community Centre on Saturday.

May 25 from 8pm to lam.

Admission $8, delicious snacks on sale. B.Y.O.G. Enquiries 272 1379, 279 6471, 275 3558.

ROCKINGHAM SCHOOL Star of the Sea school Rockingham

has a blessing and opening of the new library and year one classrooms on Sunday, May 26 at 10.45am.

Sunday Mass prior to the opening, is

at 9.30am

A rchdiocesan Calendar May 19 Opening St Jude's, Morley, Bishop

Healy.

Confirmation, New Nortia, Mons McCrann.

St Mary's Cathedral, Mass for Charismatic Renewal, Fr Bob Carden, OFM. 24 Artcenta 91 — Bishop Healy.

Mass for schools, Lesmurdie, Mons Keating.

26 Open Rockingham school extensions, Bishop Healy.

Dedication of Rock of Remembrance WI Assn, Como, Fr James Petry, MBE. Confirmation, Rivervale, Mons McCrann.

Confirmation, Doubleview, Fr T. Corcoran.

28- Confirmation Newman Junior, 29 Bishop Healy.

31 Kalgoorlie Ball, Mons O'Shea.

June 1 P & F Conference, Sorrento, Bishop Healy.

4 St Vincent de Paul Festival Mass, Highgate, Bishop Healy.

Heads of Churches meeting, Bishop 5 Healy.

Confirmation, Northam, Mons Keating.

9 Golden Jubilee Fr G. O'Leary, Bishop Healy.

Blessing and dedication Bayswater Church, Bishop Healy.

Confirmation, Highgate, Mons

Nestor.

BLOOM...where you are planted! _ E if girgitlir ,":4,71.1ral I it1 i

SIFF I.

EDUCATION SUPPORT UNIT Santa Maria College has a new Education Support Unit and welcomes enquiries for Year 8 in 1992.

We can offer excellent facilities and programs and a chance for participation in the total life of the school.

The school emphasises a caring, happy environment for all our girls and we hope to extend that welcome to girls needing educational support in a Catholic secondary school.

Please telephone Mrs Gummer on 330 6566 for more information,

MAJELLAN RETREAT

Book now for the Majellan Retreat at St Joseph's Retreat House, Safety Bay, from May 24 to 26, cost $50.

Please forward deposit of $20 or the full amount to Mrs B. Townsend, 23 Daglish St, Wembley 6014, cheques payable to "Majellan Groups of WA".

A bus leaves on Friday evening.

Please book your bus seat when making retreat booking. The Spiritual Director is Fr Luke Fay CSSR.

BURMA SALE The Australia Burma Mission Relief Society will hold a jumble sale, at the Morley Market, Morley, next to the Bishop Street newsagent, on Thursday, May 30 from Etam.

Donations of bric-a-brac and other household items required. Helpers also. Enquiries 272 1379 or 342 1053.

BURMA REUEF

FAST FOR FAITH

THREE SPRINGS PRAYER Up to the Feast of Mary, Help of Christians, Patroness of Australia, May 24, a novena of Masses will be offered to beg God's blessings upon our wheat and sheep farms. The novena will close with a sung Mass (de Angelis) at 5.30pm on May 24 in St Paul's Church, followed by a candle-light procession to Our Lady's Shrine. Plenty of parking, BYO food: tea and coffee provided.

CATHOLIC WOMEN'S LEAGUE

For appointment Phone 384 6720

Do you know enough?

SANTA MARIA COLLEGE

The Coalition for the Defence of Human Life presents

John Gilmour speaking on.

Abortion and the Law in Western Australia Saturday, May 25, 7.30am Presidential Suite, 896 Albany Hwy, Victoria Park (parking at rear). $12.50 per head. Full breakfast served.

RSVP by telephone: 277 2361

A Marriage Enrichment Day

SUNDAY, JUNE 16

"Happy Anniversary" course for couples married for about nine months to two years.

Join other couples and take time to look at how things are working out for you now.

Catholic Marriage Preparation & Education centre 1st Floor, 459 Hay Street, Perth 10ani to 3pm (light lunch provided) $25 per couple Phone Maria 325 1859 for enrolment or more information

JESUIT MISSIONS RECITAL A recital by Pauline Belyiso pianist and the Stirling String Quartet will be given in the Callaway Auditorium, Music Dept, U. WA. on Friday, May 31 at 8pm in aid of the Australian Jesuit Mission in India.

Works by Schumann, Schubert, Chopin and Puccini will be played.

Donation $10 a ticket — students $5.

Please ring Mrs Peg Durack on 384 5867 for tickets.

S TUDENTS

ATimp friprfiNir

5tk a ICTlaoa

_132

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A call to single lay women to live a consecrated life in the world For information about: The Secular Institute of the Kingship of Christ, contact: Fr Finian Perkins OFM 53 Great Northern Highway, Midland, WA, 6055. Phone 274 1159

who will assist you with your studies, all subjects, all areas.

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