PROLOGUE During my undergraduate programme,which is a unique five-year programme that incorporates three-year general training in architectural design and two-year specialised training in planning design, I ‘ve found that cities are consist of numerous buildings and outer spaces which are interconnected with each other. Buildings should be treated as an integral part of cities instead of an isolated component and should be in harmony with the historical, social, cultural, geographic and climatic characteristics of their cities. I also contemplated on why architects encountered many failures in their urban design and planning and proposed that their failures might be caused by insufficient data support and the lack of pre-design research .As for pre-design research,through participating in household interviews, behavioural observation and monitoring, questionnaire surveys, etc., I got plenty of data offered by different people including residents, community workers, and government employees. Those data helped my design project centring on the renovation of Wuyang New Town. When it came to data support,I was confused when discovering that the COVID-19 morbidity was equally high in some suburban communities.I used ArcGIS Weighted Overlay to analyse the data and learnt that those communities were the ones with a high percentage of aged people and minority population, low family income, etc. Therefore, special consideration should be given to those more vulnerable, more marginalized communities in my design. In conclusion, urban design can be a very useful tool to change the shape of the city, so as to improve people's well beings. As a designer, we should take more social responsibility and make more rational designs.
CONTENTS 01 Place Making for Everyone Micro constructions in Wuyang New Town Urban Design Project/ Individual/ Wuyang New Town, Guangzhou,China
02 Life cycle under Pandemic Constructions in Residential Area Using Containers Urban Design Project/ Individual/ Portola, San Francisco, USA
03 Connecting Public & Living Street Gallery Design in Old City District
Architecture Design Project/ Individual/ Xiguan, Guangzhou,China
04 Healthy Community of Future Urban Design of Luohu Port-Man Kam To Port Crossing District Urban Design Project/ Pair work for original design, Further developed and Redrew all Drawings Individually/ Luohu, Shenzhen, China
05 Other Works Fine Arts/ Modeling/ Urban Mapping
01 Place Making for Everyone Micro constructions in Wuyang New Town Academic Project 2019.10-12(Semester1, Year4) Urban Design Wuyang New Town, Guangzhou, China Individual Work For Research and Design Instructed by Prof. Xiaolei Zhu, (z84288945@163.com) Wuyang new town is a high-end commercial and residential mixed community built in the 1990s. This community separates commercial and residential functions through first floor corridors. However, due to the rise of new CBD after 2000, Wuyang new town has lost many original residents, causing many problems. This urban design is based on the research of different groups of people in the community, such as community workers, the elderly, children and office workers. It uses micro constructions to reshape the corridor and vacant space, so as to make the community more dynamic.
1
Wuyang New Town & City
Movement Research
Observation Log 1 Date & Time
1/4/2020, 3.40p.m.-4.10p.m.
Individual
Female,around 60
Trip Purpose
Pick up grandchild from kindgarten
Dongshankou Historical Zone
Observation Conclusion
Huachenghui Shopping Zone
Children will see the second floor footpath as a place for running and playing. They will be more sensitive to the special space forms and devices on the footpath, and use them for other purposes in their own unique and creative way.
Marking
Xinhepu Residential Zone
Riverside Footpath
9
8
1 2
3 5
Xinghai Concert Hall
Haixinsha Stadium
4
Observation Log 2
Observation Log 3
7
Date & Time
1/2/2020, 7.50a.m.-9.10a.m.
Date & Time
1/2/2020, 6.50p.m.-8.30p.m.
6
Individual
Individual
Female,around 70
Male,around 75
Trip Purpose
Vicissitude Timeline
Rural areas cropland and wasteland shanties built for factory workers 4-floor flats built at nearby university
strolling after dinner
Observation Conclusion
2010-
Observation Conclusion
She has a good understanding of the second floor footpath. She can choose a fixed way to take a shortcut. She has a clear purpose and will talk to acquaintances on the half way.
Zhujiang New Town became new CBD of Guangzhou White collars and intellectuals are attracted Wuyang new town‘s vitality declined accordingly
-1990
Trip Purpose
grocery shopping
He move slowly, and it takes several times to get up and down of the second floor footpath to get to the park.There is a lack of rest facilities on the footpath.
Marking
Marking
1990-2010
Upper class people attracted Highest grade residential area in Guangzhou Wuyang new town built by Hong Kong architects
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Corridor between kindergarten & Apartment
2
Corridor entrance near a small square
3
Corridor entrance near central garden
4
Bridge of corridor crossing the street
5
Open space inside honeycombed buildings
6
Corridor entrance creating gray space
7
Recreation and sports plaza
8
Courtyard near community entrance
9
Blank area on a corner on corridor
-1980
University professors University students Factory workers Peasants ...
1980-2000
Upper class people Bussinessmen Intellectuals Artists ...
2000-
Apartment renters shop owners Children Elderly ...
2
Place Making Principles & Elements
Place Making Strategy - Multi-participation
Making a place is not the same as constructing a building,designing a plaza, or developing a commercial zone. A great public space cannot be measured by its physical attributes alone; it must also serve people as a vital community resource in which function always trumps form. The goal of place making is that people of all ages, abilities, and socio-economic backgrounds can enjoy a place and also play a key role in its creation, identity, and maintenance.
*All data in this page is based on questionaires answered by 136 interviewees, and the interview with staff of Wuyang neighborhood committee.
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Corner Park
Outdoor Recreation
Vegetation
Grocery Market
Exercise Equipment
Community Entrance
Privacy
Function Attached
Ground Pavement
Vegetation
Accessibility
New Construction
Important Factors considered by collective/individuals
Connetivity
Construction participation Maintenance participation
Spatial Particularity
Usage participation
Spatial Diversity
Legend
Long-Term Improvements
Spatial Flexibility
Short-Term Experiment
Affordable Apartment
Design with Prototypes
Residential Building
Evaluate Site & Identify Problems
Security
Define Place & Identify Stakeholders
Office Building
Place Making Workflow
Place Making Analysis : Two-level Corrider & Spaces
Place Making Design : Micro Construction Typology Office Building
● On the linear space of the corridor
Residential house
Entrance
Vegetation Gallery Frame
Apartment Entrance Garden
Chess-Playing Corner
Chatting Corner
Community Stage
Information Billboard
Bike-sharing spot
Playground for Children
Creative Market
● On the vacant space of the corridor Vegetation Corridor
Vacant Space
Reading Pavilion Corner Space
● Near the entrance / Under the Bridge
Under Bridge
Core Area
Security Sentry ● On the vacant space of the ground
Branch Road
Main Road
Community Image Gallery
4
Place Making : Existing & Proposed Activities
1F
EXISTING
G
PROPOSED
2F
1F G
5
Place Making : Before & After Built Fabric on Ground Floor
Before
Road Realm Before
After
Public Area
16.8%
16.2%
Before
After
Built Fabric on First Floor
Surface Parking
Before
8.5%
Before
After
13.3%
After
310
240
Corridor Construction Before
After
0%
36.4%
After
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02 Life cycle under Pandemic Constructions in Residential Area Using Containers Personal Project 2020.10-12 (Semester1, Year5) Urban Design Portola, San Francisco, USA Individual Work For Research and Design After the outbreak of the COVID-19, when I observed the data, I found that some communities in the suburbs also had high infection rates, but they were often ignored. This is related to many factors in this community. So I use the shipping container, which is very common in the port of San Francisco, as the design prototype, and modularize the backyards, streets and other elements according to the social distance, so as to prompt people to choose the right way of behavior under the pandemic situation.
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8
Stages of Constructing Pavilions Using Container
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Frontyard
Community Street
Commercial Street
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Container Kiosks used in Backyards Phase 1 Stay-in Home Stage
Phase 2 Transition Stage
Phase 3 Re-opening Stage
● Roof / Terrace
● Activities
● Structure
● Container in the Backyards
Winter
Spring to Summer
● Virus spreading timeline
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Autumn
Container Kiosks used on Community Streets Phase 1 : Home-staying Period Container kiosks are used as pick up points for food and other supplies. They are placed close to car lane. A one-way jogging track is formed.
Overview
People & Traffic Flow
I only walk outside in specified area!
Please put my delivery on the desk!
Jogging Track
Foundation
Pick up Kiosk Construction
Community Kiosk
Private Frontyard
Phase 2 : Transition Period Container kiosks are replaced nearer to frontyards. The one-way jogging track is reformed next to car lane. Community kiosks are used as nucleic testing station.
Overview
People & Traffic Flow
I can read by myself in the newly-built frontyard!
I can take a COVID-19 test in the kiosk!
Community Kiosk
Foundation
Pick up Kiosk
Construction
Private Frontyard
Parking Space
Phase 3 : Re-opening Period Container kiosk and frontyard are joined into one, leaving some placce for tree pool. A one-way cycling track is formed next to jogging track since people are more willing to ride a bike after home-staying period.
People & Traffic Flow
I can jog or cycle in newly-built tracks!
I can chat with neighbour when keeping social distance!
Overview Foundation
Street Corner Kiosk
Jogging Track Construction
Cycling Track
Multifunction Frontyard
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Yearly Timeline On Commercial Category JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
Street Section JUN
JUL
AUG
SEPT
OCT
NOV
DEC
Phase 1 : Home-staying Period No pedstrian allowed Grocery pick up and necessary service by driving through only
Restaurants Thanksgiving
Food festival
Retail shops
Black Friday
Re-opening sales
Medical aids Holiday celebration
Flu season in spring
Christmas
Holiday celebration
Public Service Seasonal check
Seasonal check
Home-staying Period
Summer holiday
Transition Period
Seasonal check
Yearly summary
Re-opening Period
Home-staying Period
Commercial Category Distribution
Container Kiosks used in Commercial Street
Phase 1 : Home-staying Period All clinics may use container kiosks Only a few reataurants and groceries which supply neccessities may use them as colletion window.
Phase 1 : Home-staying Period A kiosk designed for doctors to give quick prescription and for drivers to pick up medicine.
Number of opening shops
90
17
73
35
34
Phase 2 : Transition Period A kiosk designed for hairdressers to give a haircut for one customer at a time.
A kiosk designed for restaurant to offer one-person-sized dishes to customers.
Phase 3 : Re-opening Period More containers are settled for stores to provide services outside Pedstrian must keep safety distance, automobiles are highly restricted 17
12
12 5
Phase 3 : Re-opening Period More reataurants may use container kiosks as outdoor seating, while more services can be provided via container kiosks without close contact.
Number of opening shops
Phase 2 : Transition Period Pedstrian are allowed to dine individually or pick up food Grocery pick up and necessary service still avaliable by driving through
12 5
Phase 2 : Transition Period Some store that do not require close contact may use container kiosks to provide services to both pedstrian and drivers.
Number of opening shops
A kiosk designed for drivers to pick up food or ingredients.
22
28
Phase 3 : Re-opening Period A kiosk designed for shop owners to put their goods in.
A kiosk designed for customers to have their meal while enjoying the view of walking street.
5
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03 Connecting Public & Living Street Gallery Design in Old City District Academic Project 2019.4-6(Semester2, Year3) Polished in 2020.9 Architecture Design Xiguan, Guangzhou,China Individuial Work For Architecture Design Instructed by Prof.Wenyi Jiang(arwjiang@scut.edu.cn) In the old urban area, the texture of the building is usually low and high density, so the new building in the old urban area must have some corresponding relationship with the formed texture. Therefore, instead of following the ordinary method of deliberating on the massing on the site, I divided the site in line with the traditional layout of bamboo house streets to form the figure-ground relation between the renovated area and the old area, and then fit every building unit into the "map". The connectivity of building functions was placed on the second floor so as to create as much public space on the first floor as possible.
13
The Museum & Surrounding Urban Area
Alley Research : Space Occupation Mode In the old urban area of Guangzhou, bamboo tube houses are common urban texture.They were born in the 19th century, when the population of the city increased rapidly, which led to the born of this very economical architectural form. The bamboo tube houses have the characteristics of low-rise, high-density and suitable for southern climate. However, due to the high building density, the protection of street space for private space is not enough. In addition, the roof of the house has no connection. High-rise building In this urban area, high-rise buildings are located in the northeast corner, which have a negative impact on the lighting of other low-rise buildings. They also have a great impact on the visual continuity from Liwanhu Park on the westside to eastside.
Residential zone The residential buildings in this area are mostly in the form of "bamboo tube house"，which got its name due to its narrow and small facade, long and narrow depth. It has the characteristics of low layer, high density and suitable for southern climate.
Occupation mode 3: building back, shelter the entrance with tree pool
Occupation mode 4: set high garden fence to protect privacy
Road network Most of the streets in the area are about 3 meters wide alleys paved with bluestones, which are only for pedestrians and bicycles. The entrance to the houses on both sides faces the street directly.
Occupation mode 1: pick out the second floor of the building to form a rain shelter space at the door
Occupancy mode 2: the privacy of the entrance space is indicated by placing potted plants and chairs
Attraction points Most of the tourists gather in both sides of the lizhiwan River and the Liwan Lake Park .Snack bars and handicraft shops on both sides of the main road are attractive to both tourists and local residents.
Urban Texture The urban texture of the residential area is mostly rectangular blocks with different lengths, depending on how many bamboo tube houses the block is composed of.
The Museum & People Nearby Sightseeing
Mobility
Residents flow
historical and cultural zone
metro lines and stations
public open spaces
site location
bus routes and stations
public buildings
tourists flow
500 m station radius
regular routes
Occupation mode 5: Residents build their own racks and stack sundries
Occupation mode 6: set low railings to prevent outsiders from entering
Occupation mode 7: use the shelter space at the door to dry clothes
Occupation mode 8: raise the entrance of the residence by setting several steps, and build flower beds on both sides
Residents living in old streets often delimit a small area (usually only one step wide) near the entrance of the house and occupy it in different ways. This is mainly caused by two reasons: first, the alley is too narrow; second, the lack of semi-public transition space between private housing and public street.
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Mass evolving progress
6F
Using 5m*10m unit as minimum size and filled them in the site
Combine 2 units or more to create 3 kinds of blocks
2F
Adjust the shape of blocks to fit in with bamboo house
8F
3F 2F
2F 7F
Blocks are raised to different heights to adapt to the sight from the river
Using one-direction wall and concrete column net to brace the structure
A holistic roof covers all bocks to form street space
1F
Typology of blocks elements Space order
1F
1F
Section & Lightening
Perspective
Plan & Flow 1F
1F
Reading hall 1F
1F
Exhibition hall
1F
1F
Long jin West Rd.
Workshop
Store & Cafe
2F
Artist’s Studio
N
15
0
5m
10m
20m
Master Plan
2F
10
Exhibition Hall
6
3
9
Reading Zone
Secret Hall
8
6
5
Art Salon
3 2
7
4
1
6 3
2
1
3
Multiple Functions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
N
16
Individual Studio Workshop Restaurant /Bar /Cafe Bookstore Lecture Classroom Meeting Room Cultural relic Repair Office Restroom Storage
0
5m
Longjin West Rd.
10m
20m
First Floor Plan
17
Instructions On Sections
Section 1-1
SectionA-A & B-B shows the changes of the two rows of buildings from the river to the interior of the site. Section A-A is a row of houses close to the bamboo tube house. The main function of section A-A is to restore the function of shops or community services to the original community except that part of it is used for the work needs of the gallery. Section B-B is a row of buildings close to the river, which gives functions to the production, display and communication of artworks. Sections 1-1 and 2-2 show that in this site, it is very convenient for residents to enter the building unit and the interior street. The roof of the second floor is open to the residents and easily approached by stairs. At the same time, the row of buildings on the south side are not all connected. In many places, the view can lead to the interior by tree pool or grass field.
Section 2-2 Section A-A Theme Bar
Restaurant
Commercial
Restroom
Activity Room
Lecture Bookstore Classroom
Community services
Cultural relic Office Repair
Staff Conference
Storage
Gallery management
Section B-B
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Luohu Port & Shenzhen Railway Station
Site
04 Healthy Community of Future Urban Design of Luohu Port-Man Kam To Port Crossing District Hong Kong Rural Area
Academic Project 2020.3-6,(Semester2, Year4) Further designed in 2020.12 Urban Design Luohu, Shenzhen,China Pair Work with Yanxi Wang,Instructed by Prof.Le Che(chele@scut.edu.cn) Further developed and Redrew all Drawings Individually
Man Kam To Port
Luohu District of Shenzhen city is the core urban area, so the building density has increased rapidly in recent decades. People who live here live at a tight pace and lack open space. However, across the river is an undeveloped natural area of Hong Kong. However, such landscape resources are not be used because they are blocked by high-rise buildings near the river and walls on the streets. This project is located in the riverside area between Luohu port and Man Kam To port, which is still a high-density urban development, but retains the riverside landscape and sight corridor.
Factors hindering the sight corridor Elevated Expressways Enclosing Walls High-rise Skyscrapers Sight Corridor
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Regional Development Phases Phase 1: Build up shopping village near Luohu port and construct riverside park as a belt connects Luohu port and Man Kam To port.
Man Kam To Port
7
2
3
Phase 2: Arrange commercial buildings and residential building in the middle three plots to meet the needs of living ,working and entertainment.
Luohu Middle School
2 3
2
6
Luohu Village 3 3
Hong Kong Rural Area Phase 3: Arrange a art gallery in the plot near Man Kam To port to strengthen the publicity of the whole area.
5 1
Legends
4
1 Shopping Village 2 Office Buildings Residential Area 3 4 Community Center 5 Riverside Park 6 Wetland 7 Art Gallery
Shenzhen Railway Station
Master Plan Luohu Port
Shopping Village
Riverside Park
Residential & Office Building
20
Art Gallery
N 0 20m
50m
100m
Planning Strategies Strategy 1 Analyse the site.
Strategy 2 Form vertical and horizontal axes.
Select the site. Determine the vertical axes of the site according to the road network of surrounding urban area. Introduce the river into the site according to the construction needs.
Determine road network in the site according to the vertical axes. Shape the horizontal pedestrian axis through the landscape patches in each plot. Set footprints of buildings due to different functions.
Strategy 3 Arrange building densities for each plot.
Control the FAR at 2.8 according to relevant regulations. The height control principle is ‘low in the south, high in the north’ to maximize the use of riverside landscape and sunshine in the three plots in the middle of the site. The shopping village near Luohu port is set with low-density buildings, which can divert people passing through the port.
21
Step 4 Connect urban areas and nature. For residential buildings, green roofs are used, and corridors are set to communicate with public floors. For office buildings, the green area of the sky garden and podium roof shall not be less than 6% of the building area.
Section: Low Impact Development Landscaping
Rain Collecting Tank
Shenzhen River
Building Reuse Rain Collecting Tank Wetland
Watering garden in the air
Toilet
Sink Paved Surface Drainage
Green roof
Impounding Pond Pumping
Pumping
UV disinfection
Septic Tank
Holding Tank
Septic Tank
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Paved Surface Drainage
Tidal Flow Dock
05 Other Works Fine Arts & Architecture Modelings
Pencil Sketch 2018.4 Meizhou,China
Gouache Painting 2018.4 Meizhou,China
Pastel Pen Performance 2018.8 Chongqing,China
Bookstore Design 2018.3 Individual Academic Work Instructed by Jihang Xu,SCUT
Library Design 2019.3 Individual Academic Work Instructed by Prof. Hui Liu,SCUT
Watercolor Painting 2018.2 Guangzhou,China
Kindergarten Design 2018.6 Individual Academic Work Instructed by Prof. Ruifeng Tian,SCUT
Passenger Station Design 2018.12 Individual AcademicWork, Stucture Model Instructed by Prof. Ke Xiang,SCUT
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05 Other Works Urban Mapping,Academic Work, 2019.9 (Semester1, Year 4) Pair Work with Yanxi Wang for research, Mapping for individual Instructed by Dr.Xin Li (arlixinlynn@scut.deu.cn) Party Pier Cultural Zone, Guangzhou,China
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