THE
WELL
COMMUNITY
The Well Community: Designing for Health and Wellness in Affordable Urban Housing By: Arely Cavazos
URBAN 012212323
HOUSING
THREATS
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THE
WELL
BUILDING
STANDARD
International WELL Building Institute, 2018
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
Primary Research Question: How does demographic data impact WELL applications? Secondary Research Question: How can demographic and location data be applied to design solutions for housing?
PHASE
1:
URBAN
68.7% of time spent in residence (NHAPS, 2001)
80.7% live in urban areas (2010)
Intensive air, water, noise, & light pollution
Overcrowding & lack of tranquil spaces
Limited amenities for the non-rich
UNWELLNESS
Luxury versus slums
Urban Unwellness
U.S. Census Bureau Statistics
# of urban areas = 3,573 (2010)
Population = 308,745,538 (2010)
Phase 1 determined that urban areas were most affected compared to rural areas, according to the Global Wellness Institute (2018). Urban unwellness was defined by three significant occupant health and wellness effects: occupant exposure to intensive air, water, noise, and light pollution, overcrowding and lack of tranquil spaces, and luxury homes versus slums, which limits the housing amenities for the non-rich. The researcher then determined the population percentage living in an urban area, the total number of urban areas, and the number of people living in these areas by using the U.S. Census Bureau Statistics, which were all significantly high. According to NHAPS (2001), urban communities are spending 90% of their time indoors, and 68.7% of their time is spent in a residence. The listed occupant health and wellness effects become a crucial concern in housing.
PHASE
2:
HOUSEHOLD/NON-HOUSEHOLD MEDIAN INCOME Kitchen Remodels = 11%
95th Percentile
High Income $200,000/ $150,000
Discretionary
Bath Remodels = 7.8%
Outside Attachment = 5.5%
50th Percentile
Medium Income $50,000.44/ $35,980
Household/Non-Household Median Income
Other
Room Additions = 7.4%
Disaster Repairs = 6.0%
5th Percentile
Low Income $10,000/ $10,000
Replacements
Interiors = 10.8%
Systems & Equipment = 17.5%
Phase 2 determined the U.S. household/non-household median income, and the percentages spent on housing remodels or renovations. The U.S. household/non-household income was broken down by high-, medium-, and low-income categories and their percentiles. High-income, which consists of the 95th percentile, was $200k for household and $150k for nonhousehold income. Medium-income, which consists of the 50th percentile, was $50k for household and $36k for non-household. Low-income, which consists of the 5th percentile, was $10k for both household and non-household income (U.S. Census Bureau, 2017). To determine how much an individualâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s income is spent on remodels or renovations, the U.S. Census Bureau created a break down with three topics: discretionary, other, and replacements. This second phase was completed to allow the researcher to design housing for the median income user, while also accommodating the high- and low-income user depending on their housing needs.
PHASE
3:
THREE
WELLNESS
CATEGORIES
Sedentary & unhealthy lifestyle
Climate change & resource depletion
Digital overload & stress
Light & noise pollution
Behavior
3 Wellness Categories
Environment
Disconnection
Toxic air, water, soil, & materials
from nature & heritage
Determinant of chronic disease
Determinant of chronic illness
Community
Economic insecurity & inequality
Depression = illness & disability
Polarization & lack of trust
Loneliness & social isolation
Phase 3 determined the three wellness categories and the housing factors that affect each. The Global Wellness Institute (2018) deďŹ ned the three occupant wellness categories as behavior, community, and environment. The behavior category is affected by sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles, digital overload and stress, and the disconnection from nature and heritage. These are issues that are being practiced in urban housing and will eventually begin to affect user behavior, which is a determinant of chronic disease. The community category is affected by economic insecurity and inequality, polarization and lack of trust, loneliness and social isolation, and depression, which is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a major contributor to overall global burden of disease (WHO, 2020). The environment category is affected by climate change and resource depletion; light and noise pollution; and toxic air, water, soil, and materials.
HEALTH
+
WELLNESS
2
1
Utilized to mitigate urban unwellness
DESIGN
3
Determine up to 80-90% of occupant health outcomes
BEHAVIORAL WELLNESS
FRAMEWORK
4
The WELL Building Standard Concepts
NOURISHMENT CONCEPT MOVEMENT CONCEPT
URBAN UNWELLNESS
3 WELLNESS CATEGORIES
COMMUNITY WELLNESS
MIND CONCEPT
ENVIRONMENTAL WELLNESS
COMMUNITY CONCEPT AIR CONCEPT
5
WATER CONCEPT LIGHT CONCEPT SOUND CONCEPT
Positively impacts urban unwellness
THE WELL BUILDING STANDARD
THERMAL COMFORT CONCEPT MATERIALS CONCEPT
LOCATION The research consists of data found while looking at cities most affected, which are highly urbanized areas and a national median household income city search. The location research began with narrowing down highly urbanized cities that share a similar median income as the U.S. median income, which is $50k. Data collected from the U.S. Census Bureau (2019) was used to create a list of the top fifty most urbanized cities that have a median household income.
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Central Park
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LOCATION
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The Well Community
Downtown Atlanta
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The neighborhood and user profile analysis were developed by analyzing the information gathered from the three phases of research. Nine neighborhoods in Atlanta that are near the downtown and midtown area were selected for analysis. There are a variety of occupations in both districts, requiring many of Atlanta’s residents to commute from surrounding neighborhoods. The nine neighborhoods that were researched are also situated near views of nature, parks, and trails. Having proximity to these environmental aspects will improve the occupant’s health and satisfy the three wellness categories.
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GEORGIA STATE
OLD FOURTH WARD NEIGHBORHOOD
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After collecting further information on the nine selected neighborhoods in Atlanta, Old Fourth Ward was selected for this research study. Old Fourth Ward’s median income of $56,186, was the closest to the city of Atlanta’s median income of $51,701. Of the nine neighborhoods, it has the third largest population of 10,928. The neighborhood has been noted as one of the best places for young professionals to live within Georgia (Niche, 2020) with a median age of 33. The proximity to downtown and midtown, and the affordability of the neighborhood continues to attract young professionals. SITE: CITY VIEW APARTMENTS, ATLANTA, GA
DEMOGRAPHICS
The users for The Well Community are young professionals, 20 and 30-year-olds, and who are employed in a profession or white-collar occupation. Young adults, median determined as 26-year-olds, are either moving back in with their parents or are living with roommates rather than being married and living with a spouse (Warnock & Popov, 2019). Non-family households are continuously growing in urban areas due to them becoming culturally acceptable and a more affordable solution for the end-user. The higher rent-to-income ratio is causing these occupants to become more burdened due to unaffordable rent costs, therefore creating a higher crowding rate. Overcrowding in urban community housing is causing distress to buildings, occupants, and the neighborhoods (Harvard Kennedy School, 2016). Although this project caters to young professionals, it can also accommodate families or older adults who ďŹ t into this demographic.
FIRST
FLOOR
PLAN FINISHED OFF WHITE CONCRETE LOBBY
DELIVERY AREA N.I.S.
UNEXCAVATED MECH, ELECTRICAL AND POOL SUPPORT
RESTAURANT
FITNESS STUDIO
COWORKING SPACE
FITNESS STUDIO
YOGA/ MEDITATION
RES. KITCHEN N.I.S.
LEASING OFFICE
INTERFACE: CROSSWISE CARPET INLAY
COFFEE SHOP
NURSERY SHOP
RES. ENTRY
MENS R.R.
PARKING DECK
WMNS R.R.
INTERFACE: NATURAL DOBBY CARPET TILE
ZIA TILE: CIRCLE 4X4
R.R. LOBBY
KASWELL FLOORING: ENGINEERED WOOD FLOOR URBAN GARDEN
ELEV. CORR.
KASWELL FLOORING: ENGINEERED WOOD FLOOR
FINISHED GRAY CONCRETE
BIKE STORAGE
LOUNGE
RES. ENTRY
KASWELL FLOORING: ENGINEERED WOOD FLOOR
BOULDER GYM
FINISHED GRAY CONCRETE
HARVEST ROOM
UNEXCAVATED MECH, ELECTRICAL AND POOL SUPPORT
EVENT SPACE
MAIL ROOM N.I.S
OPEN EVENT SPACE
PET SPA N.I.S.
INTERFACE NORA: RUBBER FLOORING STORAGE N.I.S
LANDSCAPING STORAGE N.I.S.
OPEN COMMUNITY KITCHEN
ZUMBA STUDIO
PET KENNEL N.I.S.
KEY: FLOORING JUSTIFICATIONS OPEN COMMUNITY LOUNGE
EXTERIOR BRICK
MULTI-USE NATURE TRAIL
MULTI-USE NATURE TRAIL
N
SCALE: 1/16”=1’-0”
• All flooring specifications contain no volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and no dangerous ingredients. • Natural rubber is specified in high intensity exercise areas to avoid any inclusion of Vinyl - releases Dioxin, which are linked to cancer, reproductive disorders, and hormone disruption. It also contains phthalates, which are endocrine disruptors (Healthy Materials Lab, 2019). • Engineered wood flooring is durable and long lasting, and is free of VOCs and formaldehyde.
SECOND
-
FOURTH
ARMSTRONG: ENGINEERED TILE
KASWELL FLOORING: ENGINEERED WOOD FLOOR
FLOOR
PLAN
R1 R6
R2
R4
R5
R5
R3
R5
R4
R1
R6
R1
ARMSTRONG: ENGINEERED TILE COFFEE/ WATER BAR
R3
R6
R6
COFFEE/ WATER BAR
R1
R5
R3
R1
R1
R1
R3
KASWELL FLOORING: ENGINEERED WOOD FLOOR
R6
R1
R1
R1
PARKING DECK
R1
MECH. UTIL.
FINISHED GRAY CONCRETE R1
FINISHED GRAY CONCRETE
URBAN GARDEN OPEN TO BELOW
ELEV. LOBBY
R4
R1
R1 R1
R1 R5
R1
R6
R3
R3
R1
R4
R5
R4
SHAW CONTRACT: BROADLOOM CARPET
COFFEE/ WATER BAR
R1
COFFEE/ WATER BAR
R5
SHAW CONTRACT: BROADLOOM CARPET R6
LOUNGE
R5
R1
R4
R3
LOUNGE
R6 R5
R4
R4
R5
R4
R1
N
SCALE: 1/16”=1’-0”
KEY: RESIDENCE LAYOUT
KEY: FLOORING JUSTIFICATIONS
• R1: 1 Bed / 1 Bath • R2: 1 Bed / 1 Bath + Study • R3: 1 Bed / 1.5 Bath • R4: 1 Bed / 1.5 Bath + Study • R5: 2 Bed / 2 Bath • R6: 2 Bed / 2 Bath + Study
• All flooring specifications contain no volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and no dangerous ingredients. • Engineered wood flooring is durable and long lasting, and is free of VOCs and formaldehyde.
BEHAVIORAL
WELLNESS
CATEGORY
3G Lighting: Linear Recessed 16’-0” AFF
Custom Wooden Ceiling 15’-6” AFF
3G Lighting: Square 4” Recessed 16’-0” AFF
KEY: JUSTIFICATIONS • Nourishment, Movement, and Mind Concepts • 5,000 square foot urban garden • Centrally located • Promotes outdoor activity • Serve as mind-body health through nature’s ability to improve mental and psychological wellbeing • Use of biophilic design
• It is a known fact that healthy behaviors and lifestyles can significantly impact human health, unfortunately that is not enough for people to change their habits. Psychology has tested and proven that a change in our living environment can considerably impact our behavior (Kahan, Gielen, Fagan, & Green, 2014). Our living environment is the creator of our daily activities and routines and is the determinant of our behavior. The application of three concepts from the WELL Building Standard can positively influence human health behaviors. The three concepts include the Nourishment, Movement, and Mind Concepts. • The Nourishment Concept provides the user with an eating space that allows for mindful eating as well as food gardens that serve to reconnect individuals with the production of their food. Through this concept, WELL supports healthy eating by recommending strategies that support easy access to healthier food and beverages, limiting processed foods and ingredients, and designing environments that steer users toward healthier choices.
3G Lighting: Linear Recessed 16’-0” AFF
3G Lighting: Square Recessed 16’-0” AFF
Spaces that support positive behavior change
• Movement Concept: A rise in premature mortality and chronic diseases due to inactivity are motivating individuals to engage in physical activity. A recent study found that 6-8 hours of sitting increased the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality and watching television for 3-4 hours have similar results (Patterson, McNamara, & Tainio, 2018). WELL aims to change inactive design by promoting movement, encouraging activity/active living, and discouraging sedentary behaviors by providing physical activity opportunities in the spaces where we live, learn, work, and play. • Mind Concept: Restoring the mind through mindfulness programming, therapeutic spaces, and support of optimal sleep can positively impact physical and psychological well-being. The design strategies to achieve such restorative spaces is access to indoor natures, design that supports productivity to relieve stress and anxiety and enhance overall health status. Short and long-term mental health and well-being of individuals are impacted by the WELL design implementations that support cognitive and emotional health through prevention and treatment efforts.
URBAN
GARDEN:
SPACE
THAT
SUPPORTS
BEHAVIOR
CHANGE
BR-1
CONC-1
WD-1
N
WD-2
VIEW FROM LEVEL ONE
URBAN
GARDEN:
SPACE
THAT
SUPPORTS
BEHAVIOR
CHANGE
BR-1
WD-1
CUSTOM PLANTER BENCH FRUITS
VEGS.
SS-1
WD-7
VIEW FROM BALCONY
FITNESS
STUDIO:
SPACE
THAT
SUPPORTS
BEHAVIOR
CHANGE
WD-1
N
CONC-1
PT-6
PT-3
RB-1
VIEW FROM URBAN GARDEN
YOGA/MEDITATION
STUDIO:
SPACE
THAT
SUPPORTS
BEHAVIOR CHANGE
WD-4
PT-2
PT-1 N
WD-3
COMMUNITY
WELLNESS
CATEGORY
3G Lighting: Linear Recessed 16’-0” AFF
3G Lighting: Square 4” Recessed 15’-6” AFF
Valaisin Gronlund: Acoustic Circulo 15’-0” AFF
ANDlight: Pipeline CM3 16’-0” AFF
Hollis + Morris: Willow Pendant Lamp 16’-0” AFF
ANDlight: Spotlight Volume Pendant Lamp 13’-0” AFF KEY: JUSTIFICATIONS • Cultivate a community of belonging • Trust their neighbors, receive practical help, and participate in activities with others • Community Concept • Relieve stress and anxiety and enhance overall helath status
• Where we live is more than a dwelling. Today, users are looking for more than a home when they are in search of renting or buying, they are seeking a neighborhood or community they can belong to. Emphasizing design for wellness in housing can cultivate a community of belonging through both design and programmatic aspects. Forming a sense of community allows users to trust their neighbors, receive practical help, and participate in activities with others. The application of the Community Concept from the WELL Building Standard can foster a sense of community for urban housing dwellers. • Through social equity, civic engagement, and accessible design, the WELL community concept aims to support necessary healthcare, accommodations for new parents, and establishing an inclusive, integrated community. Every built environment contains a unique community where people live, age, work, socialize, play, and learn together, which lead to the development of social networks, cultural norms, and organizational structures (International Well Building Institute, 2018).
Spaces that foster a sense of community
• These developments can influence the individuals and the community’s health and well-being at large. Designing spaces with the ability for an individual to access, participate, and thrive within a structure of a society is vital to shaping an individual’s health outcomes. Access to health services, protection, and promotion of health and equitable spaces is the starting point to creating a community that supports occupant health and well-being. Successful built environments are typically accessible to all and include universal design principles to accommodate people of all backgrounds to form a community. • The WELL Materials Concept focuses on reducing human exposure to hazardous building materials by restricting or eliminating compounds or products that can be toxic and replacing them with safer materials. This concept highlights both the pre-occupants, such as construction workers and the post-occupants of the built environment. The demand for materials and chemical production are expected to rise due to growth of urban areas that are expanding in size and number. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) raise the most significant concern in interior environments because they are found in various materials such as insulation, paints, coatings, adhesives, furniture and furnishings, composite wood products, and flooring materials (2019).
COFFEE
BAR:
SPACE
THAT
FOSTERS
A
SENSE
OF
COMMUNITY
PT-3
PT-1
N
UP-1 CONC-3
UP-2
CONC-2
WD-6
UP-3
WD-5
VIEW FROM EXTERIOR GLAZING CURTAIN WALL
COWORKING:
SPACE
THAT
FOSTERS
A
SENSE
OF
COMMUNITY
PT-7
WD-8
N
UP-4
WDPT-1
CRPT-1
WDPT-2
UP-5
LAM-1
VIEW FROM INTERIOR GLAZING CURTAIN WALL
COMMUNITY
LOUNGE:
SPACE
THAT
FOSTERS
A
SENSE OF COMMUNITY
WD-3
WD-9
UP-6
WD-10
UP-7
CRPT-2
CONC-2
VIEW FROM INTERIOR GARAGE DOOR
N
ENVIRONMENTAL
WELLNESS
CATEGORY
3G Lighting: Square 4” Recessed 9’-0” AFF
Zero: Silo Trio Pendant 7’-6” AFF KEY: JUSTIFICATIONS • Reduce exposure to toxic elements. • Promote better sleep, rest, and stress reduction. • Reap the benefits of earth-friendly practices. • Air, Water, Materials, Light, Sound, and Thermal Comfort Concepts. Spaces that minimize environmental impacts on human health
• Air, soil, water, light, and sound have been polluted by human activities throughout their existence, which have created negative effects on human health. Living environments can contribute to mitigating these harmful impacts by reducing exposure to toxic elements, promoting better sleep, rest, and stress reduction, and reaping the benefits of earth-friendly practices. This can be achieved by the application of six concepts from the WELL Building Standard, which are Air, Water, Materials, Light, Sound, and Thermal Comfort Concepts within the residential spaces.
• The WELL Light Concept aims to promote the exposure to daylight within the built environment due to it being prime for visual, mental, and biological health. Light is the leading enabler of our natural circadian rhythm; humans 24-hour internal clock. The circadian rhythm is harmonized with the natural day-night cycle and holds control over human behavior, night sleep, and overall personal health. Disruption of the circadian rhythm has been linked health-related issues such as obesity, diabetes, depression, and metabolic disorders (Challet & Kalsbeek,2017).
• WELL’s Air Concept seeks to ensure good indoor air quality by elimination or reduction of toxic sources, direct and indirect building design and operation strategies, and human behavior interventions. Inhaling and being exposed to indoor air pollutants can lead to multiple adverse health and well-being outcomes. Humans breath more than 15,000 liters of air every day (McDowell, 2011), causing both short-and long-term effects.
• The WELL Sound Concept aims to improve occupant’s health and well-being by identifying and mitigating acoustical comfort parameters. Overpopulated areas are continuously growing and are exposed to more noise sources such as traffic and transportation that are affecting the health and well-being of people. Some effects are sleep disturbance, hypertension, and the reduction of mental arithmetic in children (Babisch, 2014).
• The Water Concept encompasses aspects of the quality, distribution, and control of water in a building. These aspects include features that address the use of treatment techniques for drinking water, as well as water maintenance, to prevent damage to building materials and environmental conditions. Water is the driver for the transport of nutrients and waste throughout the body and helps with regulating internal body temperature (Institute of Medicine, 2005).
• The WELL Thermal Comfort Concept promotes human productivity and thermal comfort through enhanced HVAC system design and providing users with the ability to control and set their thermal preference. The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) (2013) define thermal comfort as “the condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation.” The indoor thermal environment can contribute to sustainable practices by reducing the buildings energy consumption, but also influence our experiences in the places we live and worK.
RESIDENCE
1
TYPICAL
Operable windows provide natural ventilation, which can reduce dust mites, allergens, and off-gassing.
Flooring materials contain no VOCs and no dangerous ingredients, which reduces both indoor and outdoor emissions.
Absorptive material reduces reflected sound and increases occupant comfort. Water treatment systems remove impurities such as lead and chlorine, providing water softening.
Cabinetry is Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified, which use water-based adhesives with no VOCs of formaldehyde.
Engineered tile flooring is water, scratch and stain repellent tile that is tough enough to endure what an active household can throw at it (or drop on it).
Getting rid of microwaves and replacing them with induction cooktops provide a faster way to heat food and reduce emissions of heat and natural gasses into the surrounding environment.
KITCHEN:SPACE
THAT
MINIMIZES
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
PT-4
WD-12
BS-1
STN-1
UP-8
LAM-1
WD-11
VIEW FROM LIVING AREA
BEDROOM:SPACE
THAT
MINIMIZES
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
PT-5
PT-4
WDPT-3
WD-10
CRPT-3
VIEW FROM BATHROOM
THE
WELL
COMMUNITY