ARIA
(MING-SHAN WANG)
Phase 1 SEP - DEC
Creative Industries
London Fashion Week Festival
P. 01
The Log-O-Rithmic Slide Rule: A Retrospective
P. 04
Manchester Design Conference: DM18 Disrupt
P. 07
Design Dumbar
P. 09
GraphĂŠine
P. 11
Tokyo Midtown: Desing Touch 2018
P. 13
Collective work
What Is the Future Trend?
P. 14
Workshop
The Desgin Process
P. 17
Typography
P. 18
Illustration
P. 10
Project 1
Macro Photography
Project 2
LEAP
MA Major Porject
Finally...
P. 21 P. 27
The Combination of Art
P. 31
Why is it hard for young people to fall in love with classical music?
P. 32
Classical Music Album Desgin: Denise Burt
P. 33
Cognitive Biases
P. 35
Synesthesia
P. 36
Wassily Kandinsky
P. 37
References
P. 39
23, SEP, 2018
VENUE: THE STORE X, 180 STRAND, LONDON WC2R 1EA
DESIGNER CATWALK SILVER TICKET, FORNT ROL
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“London Fashion Week Festival” is different than “London Fashion Week”. Not just the difference of one more word, it is that “London Fashion Week Festival” is accessible to the public for experiencing the best British and international fashion including a showcase of designer and trend catwalk, designer shopping and industry talk. In fact, “London Fashion Week Festival” is a four-day event that demonstrate from high profile to the emerging fashion design.
I love fashion and have an internship in fashion industry for a year. In fact, London fashion week festival is a spotlight in fashion industry, and I thought that during my one-year study in the UK, why not grab the opportunity to watch a catwalk, which lied on my to-do list for a long time. Due to limited-finicice, I could only choose one catwalk and I attended a designer catwalk on Sunday, 23, Sep, whose name is Georgia Hardinge.
[FIG 1]
The current color trend was set 4 years ago in Paris [FIG 1] . Coincidentally, the colors of fall and winter 2018/19 are my favorite colors. I relish how Hardinge use and combine the colors in her design. In fact, her work was inspired by the shapes and structures of the architecture. she developed minimal pleating technique from paper sculptures which combines with new technological fabrics and textile treatments.
I sat in the front row of the catwalk, allowing me to observe models walking through me clearly. Vibrant colors with those flowing chiffon, is a strong but ambivalent combination that really catch my eyes. Hardinge incorporated 3-dimensional approach to her pieces, which made the clothing much more interesting, appealing and elegant at the same time. In fact, I have always found the high-end fashion really hard to comprehend. Normally they are too dramatic for casual daily life and I considered their ideas of designing is too abstract and impractical. To my surprise, Hardinge combines her love of sculpture with wear-pieces and made it wearable for customer. Hardinge is prominent in her dedication on combing architectural style in fashion industry. In addition, she was recognized by the British Fashion Council when she was awarded BFC Contemporary Sponsorship for her unique 2
works. Since her first debut in London fashion show in 2010, she commenced gaining popularity that the celebrities worldwide has chosen her design for wearing. Hardinge said that “Staying true to my signature aesthetic is the most important lesson”. I can’t agree more about it, since people love her work by her creativity and dedication in design. There will also be a spring/summer london fashion show on February, 2019 and I am looking forward to watch her catwalk again.
Aria Wang, 2018. London Fashion Week Festival [photograph]. London 3
24, Sep, 2018
Nottingham Contemporary
Trix and Robert Haussman Exhinition
I always find contemporary art is somewhat hard to understand and have deeper meaning of implication towards artwork, and the exhibition that held in Nottingham Contemporary is no exception. Feeling confused after my first visit to this exhibition, which actually rouse my curiosity. I have dig up into the designers’ background as well as the interpretation of the art piece. In fact, after visiting the museum and doing some research about it, I decided to visit the Nottingham Contemporary again for better understanding. I found the the Haussman, who can be counted the most important Swiss designers, were both strongly influenced by the Bauhaus and new objectivity, albeit in different ways. They have challenged the tradtion in the field of architectue and made it a fashion of irony. In the article reactivating a manifesto’ written by Gabrielle Schaad, which reported the Haussman has open up a field of discourse in contemporary art.
Additionally, the Haussman founded ‘Allgemeine Entwurfsanstalt’ (General Design Institute) in 1967, and have been raising question against mannerism, for putting too much emphasis on function. I can tell from their work that they turned to art history and architectures as their inspiration, which has never been so popular in America but has left a great impact in Europe. In fact, Their work spans architecture, product design, installation, furniture and textiles and what made them stand out is that their dedication to merge old concept with new ideas. Besides, with a playful mind, the series of “Chair Fun” are somewhat mockery and imaginative as well as the design using mirrors to create distorted truth , they said that ‘with a mirror, one can destroy the real, enlarge it, change it.’ Creative as they are, their design of furniture are lively except just lie deadly on the space.
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There two pieces that intrigued me the most, “Torre” and “Maso-Chair” Torre Torre is a tall but thin closet that using mirrors to create illusions and the drawing of cubic shapes that made each facade of the furniture into another 3D-likegraphic surface. This approach they categorized in “Lehrstück” and dedicated since 1977. It was also described as “ Critical Mannerism” , which arguing that forms follow function instead of function follows forms. However, the form they excelled could actually function in daily life instead of just the fever dreams of collectors. They also convinced that “the best thing is to not be a slave to what is natural, to go beyond, to shock, to twist, not to accept.”
ph,
Aria Wang, 2108. Torre [photograph]. Nottingham: Nottingham Contemporary
Take the first look of “Torre”, I thought there were hollowed or perhaps transparent windows, then I found out that it was actually the scheme of the Haussmanns that made me believe in the unreal. Additionally, the venue’s wall is covered up in the shape of geometry, which makes it more interesting that the mirrors on the design reflects the pattern and looks like kaleidoscope, which arouse my memories of my childhood. What makes their design interesting is that to let believe, or to find out the truth is not what you have seen in the first look, making me think of the media nowadays usually tell the public part of the story instead of whole things that happened. Moreover, people
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are used to getting information without thinking or digging into more while the truth just over there and need a closer look. It might not be the Haussmanns’ inspiration of this design, but it is the charm of art and design, that the viewers will have more interpretation and brooding of more issue related. In fact, “Torre” is not the kind of furniture that I will own in my bedroom; however, it is a contemporary design that deserves to show and tell everyone about the story and evaluation of the designers’ thinking and also let the viewers to brood over the charm of creativity.
Aria Wang, 2108. Maso-Chair [photograph]. Nottingham: Nottingham Contemporary
Maso-Chair “Maso-Chair” is categorized in the “Fun Chair” series, which their initial design is to convert existing chairs into what they described as “absurd readymades”. In fact, they committed themselves to complexity and contradiction. In gallery one shown their first experimental design of the “Fun Chair” series, “Neon Stuel” that can be spotted easily with its lighting tubes of structure and leopard pattern. Then, going through into gallery two will see other design of the series. “Maso-Chair” is an Eames chair that fitted with spikes. Of course, it is definitely not a chair you can sit on and relax. In fact, it is the designers’ mockery of the existing chairs’ doctrine that ‘forms follow functions’ that reminds me of Dada and the controversial art piece ‘fountain’ by Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp. Whenever a trend of design is prevail, there will always be other group of people growing opposite ideas. It is a normal issue in the field of art and design, like the group presentation I did in September, which is ‘Hand wrote typography’, as we live in the digital technology eras, typing fonts is the method we usually see and apply in. However, hand draw typography can shows a different aspects and feelings of fonts than the typing one, that despite the advance of technology, it still prevail among our daily life.
Comparing to other museum I have been to, like V&A museum in London (in 07,Sep 2018), Penacotak in Munich(2016) and also many museums in Taiwan, Nottingham Contemporary is a really small but lovely museum. To be honest, for my first visit, I was confused that are there more than just three galleries, or did I not find it. It turned out that it is much more smaller than I have imagined. Despite the size of the museum, it holds various art forms aim to integrate the city, like dance, football and so on. I love the idea of gathering citizen by occuring art events, which is a way to socialize and educate as well. In fact, as a student study graphic design in NTU, we can also have the opportunity to co-design with Nottingham Contemporary and I reckon that is a really great opportunity to meet and communicate with other designers and students.
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19, Oct, 2018
[FIG2]
Aria Wang, 2108. Ben Wright [photograph]. Manchester Design Conference
The conference is more like an all-day lecture, or to say it was like TEDx Talk in design area. There are many designers’ lecture for us to choose to attend; however, some of them are held simultaneously that we only can choose one to go. I have attend six lectures that day; however, to be honest, I didn’t fancy all of them. In fact, I am more into the lecture that contend more visual images or animation as well as the process and philosophy about the designers’ thinking. In Ben Wright’s lecture, he explained about his perspective towards “branding” as well as enunciated the relationship between client and agency is that we should blurred the lines between them. He cited Airbnb’s CEO saying, “ We were not client. We feel like part of the team”. On top of that, through all his experiences, he suggested that we should constantly adapt the environment instead of confining to one area. In fact, his team has designed many prestigious international branding, such as Airbnb, Deliveroo, Adobe. He mentioned that “Brand is not just a logo”, and this idea correspond to the branding and identity workshop that our guest lecture, Hannah, given to us. Actually, Brand is a story, it is not simple and plain as a logo, it is that a brand can tell a story of itself. 7
He also values great on teamwork and he perceieved that there is no ego in a company, all we should do is to encourage the entire team and lift people in the studio, then try providing new references and new form, which will bring out great talent in the agency. I can not agree with him more that since I have a few internship back in Taiwan, and through these experiences, I have found out that teamwork do play an important role in a company. Aria Wang, 2108. Ben Wright [photograph]. Manchester Design Conference
Aria Wang, 2108. Studio Dumbar [photograph]. Manchester Design Conference
Liza Enebeis, she is responsible for the creative quality of Studio Dumbar in Netherland. She began with humorous chit chat, and showed us with their visual works. I relish being bombarded with loads of colors, shapes, photos, etc., which made my inspiration runs in my head and feel more exhilarant about design and art. The project of motion graphic with classical music was really interesting and left a great impression on me, since I am intended to use similar idea in my MA project. The works of Studio Dumbar is vibrant and full of intense colors, with cutting-edge layout and shapes that I considered a really bold design, which I want to emulate the style of it. Being an international student outside my country is a challenge, since the language is completely different and also the culture, but I reckon it a way to grow up and know what others from different part of the world perspective and knowledge of design. Studying abroad and attending events relating to design can broaden my horizons and letting me aware of having more competitives all over the world and I should strive to be better. 8
DESIGN DUMBAR 27, Oc, 2018
I knew Design Dumbar from going to Design Conference in Manchester on October. I was impressed by the creative director, Liza Enebis, not only she was humorous when addressing her speech but also the content she displayed was visually pleased. Therefore, I looked into Design Dumbar on the website for reserach. In fact, during the conference, she showed the audience the process of their design. I found it interesting that the thinking process is always being valued in western, rather than in Asia that mostly people rely on the outcome. In fact, the creative thinking usually are form the way one brainstorm. Analyzing the style of Design D u m b a r, t h e i r w o r k s u s u a l l y apply intense colors and contrast of shapes into design, which I considered really bold, challenging and eye-catching, or I could say
[FIG 3]
their works are really cutting-edged. Through all their works, ‘The Communication design with integrity for the Dutch Alzheimer Foundation’ left a great impression for me. [FIG2][FIG3] It is a world-wide concerning illness that should catch public awareness. In fact, their client is a non-profit organization, Alzheimer Nederland, which aim is to raise funds, regardless that there are many charity organization in competition. In fact, they came up to the design strategy by communicating to people’s hearts in a powerful way, but also quietly, without shouting – with impact and integrity. In design conference, Liza, the creative director, mentioned their design process in the initial stage is not that creative, but they work as a team and brainstormed together then eventually came out the design.The final identity is indeed recognizable and bold, with the blurred, fading elements on the typography. A d d i t i o n a l l y, t h e f e e d b a c k t h e y received was positive and succeed to resonate audience’s emotional feelings towards Alzheimer. [FIG 2]
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[FIG 4]
Another design that blowed my mind is “EUNL — A European logo for the Dutch Presidency of the European Union”, a governmental design [FIG4] [FIG5] . The European Union is not always popular with the general public, so the design strategy is to reverse ‘the typical governmental design’, which is dull and ‘institutional-style. Instead, they designed in a colourful and joyful style. Henceforth, they hid the letter ‘NL’ in the ‘EU’, with the Netherland national flag’s colors, red, white and blue, as well as Dutch orange and EU blue. The outcome is positive that not only did they surprised the organizers but also the public and the designed items were taken as souvenirs by diplomats and
journalists. A good design requires creative thinking, we do not have to confine ourselves to the already-existed frame but to think differently. This year would be my final year of being as a design student and I should seize the opportunity to challenge myself for experimenting new visual as there is no reality, like job or design cases to concern about.
[FIG 5]
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15, Nov, 2018
[FIG 6]
[FIG 7] 11
[FIG 8]
“Saint-Étienne Opera House - 2017-18 season”, a series of visual design made by Graphéine, a branding agency based in Paris and Lyon, France, caught my eyes when flipping through Facebook. In fact, they had designed the logotype of SaintÉtienne Opera House in 2015 describing both the structure and also the mission of the Opera, which is to entertain the public. As for this year, the associated the design with agents, musicians and publics. Their use of colors are intense, complementary and indeed eye-catching as well as those performers’ exaggerate expression made the image strikingly vivid. The theme of the design is “shared emotions” [FIG6] [FIG7] [FIG8], was inspired by the people who made up the opera, the crew and the musicians.To put all the photos together, they will turning into a sequence of continuous images like passing over a smile to another, all in solidarity. To exert the idea of “passing over”; instead, there is no specific figure shows up on the shows’ posters, but symbolic accessories, like a jewelry or a throne. The layout was designed in an interesting way that the hand of giving out and receiving objects are in the order of up and down, which makes our eyes more focus on the things that being tranferred. I n f a c t , I h a v e s h o w n g re t p a s s i o n
on music performances and had experiences attending various concerts. Due to what I study, I always pay attention to the visual design of the performances. I usually went to National Performing Art Centre in Taiwan at least once a month, since their performances are in high quality as well as having a good taste in their visual design. However, I considered those design had reach a specific aesthetic sense but somehow not bold enough to challenge the status quo in the field of design, which could be one of the reason that never seem to be attractive to most young people. In my opinion, the young generation need different and creative visual to break their stereotype of “only old people will go to these art performances”. That is the phenomenon that I have discovered and decided to do on my MA project, to combine classical music with design, which the Saint-Étienne Opera House - 2017-18 season had already achieved the objective to catch the public towards opera. I consider music is the thing that everyone can enjoy, despite what age one is in and I am hoping that the young will bear a more open mind towards classical music or perhaps falling love with it. I am aware of the MA project is challenging but I have passion and confidence to find the solution to design. 12
[FIG9]
19, Nov, 2018
Tokyo Mintown, Design Touch 2018
I found “Tokyo Mintown, Design Touch 2018” by flipping through Facebook page. It is the combination of sixteen creative art and design events happening in Tokyo Midtown from 19, Oct to 04, Nov, 2018. The event allows the public to partake in and experience the feeling of future ideas. The visual of the event is eye-catching and applied with intense and bold colors [FIG9]. In fact, the color palette of the main visual was tilt and bright orange with mottled texture like there is glitch attached to it, which made the visual looks quite retrospective. I was surprised that it does not look like the current Japanese design style that I usually seen. In fact, black and white with simple and neat layout design, as well as the atmosphere of still and tranquility is considered typical Japanese graphic design. Moreover, the typeface with the shape of arch is in relation to the flipping visual as well as the vibrant layout with motion. Additionally, according to the main visual designer, Masakiki Hanahara, who was 13
awarded New Designer 2018 by Japan Graphic Designers Association, adopted the idea of “coin toss”, which related to people thinking of the unknown future that is surely the mixture of anxiety and hopes. There are always motif around “future” being design throughout these years, even the graduation exhibition for my undergraduate, we should design a main visual about “future” for all students collaborative works. It is a theme that supposed to be considered “cliche”; however, interesting is that everyone has their own perspective of future form time to time by using different metaphor. Of course, there is definitely no way to tell the right or wrong of the idea of future, since no one can predict precisely what will occur afterwards. The only thing I can do is to pay attention to observe the surroundings and make meticulous predict of the upcoming trend and I guess the visual design of “future” will always be interpreted in different but creative ways.
Collaborative Task
19, Nov, 2018
This is the first task we had and worked as team. Future trend is hard to predict, indeed, we should pay more attention to what is going on in our daily life so that we may grasp some idea from the reality we are in and try to predict the next. Our group had discussed and listed a few traits on the trends during the workshop, and in the end, we focus on hand wrote typography for our collaborative task. First, we asked ourselves why do we use hand writing? Mike Perry (2007) mentioned that “I feel a bit more alive when I’m working the type with my hands." Indeed, people are still fascinating about hand writing nowadays that whenever I go on design and art related webpage can always it was wildly applied on works. Additionally, the style of hand wrote typography can be either like vintage, bold, elegant, or a way to show personalization. In fact, we found that it usually appears in album design, fashion design, poster design, book cover design, webpage design, and packaging design. I was responsible to album cover design and volunteered to present on behalf of the group that I considered it is a chance to comprehend more about
the theme by rehearsing. Before I dug into more information i n t o a l b u m d e s i g n , I b ro o d e d over the history of hand drawn typography and reminded me of an artist from Czech Republic, Alfons [FIG10] Maria Mucha. His poster was painted with delicate flora and women, with hand wrote title and contexts. In fact, before printing media technology become popular, the advertisements were using handwriting for the information. Although it seemed well-written, we can tell the difference between being printed or painted by hands and that is what made handwriting so interesting in some point — the imperfection.
[FIG10]
However, to think more thoroughly that why we still apply this technique in nowadays design. That I think it could trace back to the feeling for lettering, it is the way people communicate with each other and express their feeling. Angela Reed (2016) suggested that “It’s important to keep communication with ink, especially when it comes to express appreciation. I think is that personal touch, the thought that someone has taken pen and paper to make a physical connection with you.” Jackie (2017) mentioned that “Receiving 14
Collaborative Task
letter is a wonderful and can break out of your mundane life you might be having and it seems that letters last longer.” Wondering if there’s any contemporary artists or designers are prestigious for their hand wrote typography related works, I found an artist based in London, Kate Moross. Her works are like graffiti [FIG11], and those bright and bold colors reminds me of Keith Haring. However, in my opinion, her style of work could be identified easily, but it somehow lacks of new visual evolution or elements. To be specific, seeing more than one of her work actually make me bored, for those all in the similar color palette and didn’t have a different visual that strikes out making me “wow”.
[FIG12]
[FIG?]
[FIG13]
[FIG14]
[FIG 11]
Having some background of hand draw typography had furthered my research about applied it on album design. In fact, I analyzed seven methods of hand draw typography that are commonly seen on album covers. The first one is [FIG12] “Signature”, appears in “Annie Hall” , a romantic comedy directed by Woody Allen. We could see his signature across t h e a l b u m , which means that he is definitely prominent that worth to display on. Using just two colors, which is black and red, really eye-catching and bold. “Characters designed into graphic shape”, is shown on Woody Allen’s other [FIG13] work, “Manhattan” , by using brushes 15
to design the font into building-like shapes, which related to the title. “Different typeface” is what I fascinated about hand draw typography — the characters are all in different fonts and sizes but they seem coordinate well with [FIG14] each other. “Anxiety” , an album of Blood Orange, the designer conveyed the anxious mindset by placing layout not in order as well as the color “red”, which in psychology, it can be considered “dangerous” or “threatening”. Everyone’s handwriting is different
and perhaps it's a way to show their personality and expression as well. “Wild”, [FIG15] Troye Sivan’s album , there’s a big bold yellow “WILD” lies front and back of Troye Sivan’s face, as if he was not confined with the frame of the word but related to it — wild. As I mentioned, lettering is a personal touch, a private message sending to you, as a result there are many albums employed this concept. In the album [FIG16] “Marina and diamonds” , it was packaged as an envelope, as if this album is just for you. “The Love Letter”, of course, it is meant to use handwriting for design, to demonstrate one’s feeling and sincerity. Hand draw typography can be free and without constrict, as many Jazz albums do. In fact, Jazz is a musician's music that shows the player’s personality, therefore it is fair enough to convey the musician's [FIG17] feeling by using handwriting . To sum up all the works in my group, I found that album, fashion, book cover and website, they all have the common of using hand draw typography as a tool for expression and it is the artist’s emotion projected on the design; while food packaging is more like marketing strategy by using psychology approach to manipulate customers’ mind to believe the product is natural or homegrown. W ith the unreplaceable traits of handwriting, Nick Carson (2018) said that “From artisan chalkboard designs, to intricately crafted packaging designs and beautifully ornate typographical illustrations, hand lettering is a massive trend that doesn't show any sign of waning”. I know it is what will stay on to the future trends, or could say it is a classic in typeface.
[FIG 15]
[FIG 16]
[FIG 17] 16
2, Oct, 2018
“What is design?” I have heard of the question all the time, since I studied graphic design for undergraduate studies and had attended many design workshops and activities before. Still, I have heard of different answers to the question because the field of design is too wide. However, through this class, Sarah made it clear and narrowed the definition that I finally gain the exact definition of “design”. Design is a human activity to achieve a desired result. The hives created by bees and the nest build by birds are not design; instead, the use and manufacture of tools are the difference between animals and humans. The development of tools is considered evolution.That is design, an answer to the tangible or intangible human need. We all know that “design is everywhere in our daily life”, since it was developed by our social, emotional and cultural experiences. H o w e v e r, d e s i g n i s n o t
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that simple as we imagine. It has to been through some specific phase, such as observation, research, brainstorming, experiment, and so on. When I was back in internship in Taiwan, my mentor once told me that there is no need to rush your idea into final outcome, you should develop the idea step by step though there is always a deadline in the way. However, the process of designing is vital that those good and creative ideas usually comes up at that specific moment. We h a v e b e e n t o l d t h a t “audience”is also a crucial thing that we need to take into consideration when
doing design work. We should keep asking ourselves that “Why should I do the design?” “Who am I designing for?” “What is the purpose?” “Where is it going to display to the target?”“How am I going to display the idea?”. In fact, Design always derives from a purpose, not like art, which can be out of nowhere but expression. Hope learning these tips and know how to exert them will help me to gain more understanding of design and do better in my future work.
Typography Workshop I have confidence in layout design; however, I was quite afraid of facing with typography due to it is a field I am not familiar with. I have set an aim for myself for this year is that to do bold design and push myself to challenge the convention. The reason I did this resolution is that back in my undergraduate education system is quite conservative. If a student has a dissident with the leading teacher, one might failed and can not graduate. Therefore, we usually keep our design style in the way our teacher approved and that confined us to think differently or creatively. And so, I had never tried to play with typography, since I knew it will take my grade in risk.
In fact, I have learned the way to delicate layout by sketching lines and squares at first, then fit in all the contents [FIG20]. I found it hard to predict those words in different sizes will look like, it could be less or more than the space we left for it. Therefore, I guess the idea of dividing is a rough sketch to let us know how the layout would be like. Additionally, I employ this method on other ongoing project ‘LEAP’, to make the layout looks vibrant as if the visual is going into a direction.
7, Noc, 2018
In fact, the typography workshop we had is quite interesting. We can play with different typeface, titles and contents by cutting off from magazines and newspaper. [FIG18][FIG19]I have learned how to arrange different fonts together in unity of a piece of artwork and having so much fun. It could be looked like DADA’s collage, the Bauhaus style during the 20s like Futura and Helvetica posters, or even create your own style.
[FIG 9]
[FIG 20]
[FIG 7]
[FIG 18]
[FIG8]
[FIG 19]
Compared to my previous studies, we are not allowed to put more than two fonts in one design for fear that the layout would be messy. However, this typography workshop to me was like having a rebellion towards my previous studies, and to be honest, it felt so good, like the taste of freedom in the area of design. I finished fifteen minutes earlier than the workshop timing was given, Trevor asked me ‘ How did you feel about your work?’. ‘ Satisfied and not satisfied. Satisfied is that it is my first time doing layout with a bold move; not satisfied is that I want to experiment more’ I replied. 18
photo taken by me
Progect 1 Extra oridinary
01, Oct, 2018
I picked "Extra ordinary" as topic is that I can always enjoy all kind of mundane and ordinary things that happen in daily life. For example, rainy days, everyone hates it and I am no exception. However I found it quite interesting to look at the reflection on [FIG 26] the road . I relish the idea of the shops’ signs on the building at night reflected on the damp road, it is like neon lights divergence and as if saying “Good night! But hey! the night isn't over”. In fact, I have took some photos of the humid road at night before, and I enjoy using a closer lens to shoot, though my camera is not fancy at all. However, by doing this project, I challenge myself using macro lens for the first time. I conduct many researches of how to use macro lens and went through many trials. I have borrowed camera and macro lens (Canon 7D MKII Kits, Canon EF 100mm F2.8L Macro IS USM, Canon EF-S 60mm F2.8 Macro Lens) from the art shop in Waverley to make some experiment. [FIG 26] Photo taken by me
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There are some websites that teach amateur to use macro lens properly. Initially, I found the article ‘Everything you need to know about macro photography’ on the website ‘Photography life’ quite useful for beginners. They listed a few important steps:
1. Understand macro photography terminology. 2. Pick the right camera and lens equipment. 3. Get enough depth of field. 4. Pick camera and flash settings for a well-lit photo. 5. Focus on the most important part of your subject. 6. Learn the common behaviors of various insects. 7. Compose and take your picture.
However, I do not think they depicted it too thoroughly, so I searched for more information and according to the article ‘Top Macro Photographers Share Their Secrets’, they have mentioned that regardless of camera, it demands using the proper aperture to capture the image sharpness and depth of field. In fact, by using a small lens, it requires more light, therefore I will need to extend the exposure time or slow the shutter speed to make a correctly exposed photograph. Combining those photographers’ opinions, the importance of macro lens is that to know the relationship between main subject and their background, due to lighting is crucial, as well as it is preferable to focus manually. 20
Progect 1 Extra oridinary
Additionally, I also digged up into other well known photography as references, such as Pulizter Prize, because I have been to the exhibition once in Taiwan a couple years ago and it left me a great impression. I realized that photography are not confined to art, it's a way of storytelling. Comparing to news content, pictures are much more appealing than loads of words and this is the power of photography, which I should apply on my project one. As an international student just been here for nearly a month, I had not discovered leisure entertainment, instead, I cooked and had a great time doing so. I can make those food considered ordinary enough, like spring onion, instant noodles, and garlics, into a fancy and savory dishes. Therefore, the ‘extra ordinary’ thing I chose for photography is "food and kitchen". Through macro lens, I found out that everything looked so different than bare eyes as if there is a macro world we never have the chance to visit. Definitely not exaggerating, because even the greasy hob looked so fabulous.
Surprisingly, I found out that the macro lens photo I took of a garlic looked like a blushed girl face. The discovery was in relation to Giuseppe Achimboldo’s work, by using fruits and [FIG 27] [FIG 28] flowers to consist his painting .
[FIG 27] 21
[FIG 28]
In addition, I also digged up into photo collage in the [FIG 29] DADA movement , which inspired me and made me think of my childhood that always using imagination on everything, like to play with the food served on the plate then conceive the food has a face or even a character. However, as I growing up, it is getting hard to let imagination runs like before, and that is the reason I chose photo montage as the method to apply on project one, I want to find the wonderful feeling of thinking like a child. DADA, by using nonsense combination, sarcasm and implication to convey the idea of art, or "not art" during the first World War. It is a movement that kept questioning ‘What is art?’. There is a classic example of DADA, which is a urinal, made by Duchamp and was displayed in the exhibition. In fact, there are many artists influenced by the movement such as Max Ernst, who used other objects to [FIG 30] [FIG 31] anthropomorphic in his painting work . He is an graphic artist, painter and the pioneer of DADA and surrealism. By using illogical scenes with photographic precision to his work.
[FIG 30]
[FIG 29]
[FIG 31]
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Progect 1 Extra oridinary
A d d i t i o n a l l y, i n o rd e r t o c o m b i n e photography with graphic design, I was also given advice in the aesthetic of Siegfried Odermatt , a designer from [FIG 32] switzerland . Odermatt’s work began to gain recognition in the world of graphic art towards the end of the 1950s by using close-up photography with layout design.
[FIG 32]
I have been through many experimental stages for photo montage, I realized that the montage could look like either artwork like DADA or just a collage of litter, because the line between them is so vague. Therefore, to make it a fine piece of artwork is vital. I tried to use the original rectangle frame of the photos to made the montage in the initial trials, but failed due to the confined shapes. Then I decided using photoshop to trim shapes and also [FIG33] [FIG34] [FIG35] adjust the color, brightness and comparison for montage . During the process, those pictures of food made me feel a bit homesick that I miss the cuisine my mom made and that is why I added title on my final design ‘My mom made the best dishes’. There is no food in the world as great as my mom cooked.
[FIG 33]
[FIG 34]
[FIG 35]
Unfortunately, though I did many research on project one, the way that the small presentation going was not many peers and I expected to be like, a small exhibition. Instead, we thought we can explain the individual work we did, so I seemed not well prepared and that is why I got some feedback as "the idea of photo montage is cool and 23
innovative, also deep on research, but do not known the behind meaning of doing this". Henceforth, I was given advice to use hand draw typography on layout instead of digital typing, which could made the visual mroe like in a warm feeling. It did actually solved the [FIG 36] problem of me struggling of the latout, and came my final work of project one.
[FIG 36]
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The LEAP project has been on weeks and the time is ticking, for there is only three weeks we can generate the visual idea and related activities. In fact, Maria, Nyera and I were in the same group and we developed ideas and shared thoughts, but we decided to come up with three individual visual. We don’t mind if any of us is getting or not getting picked by the clients, instead, we considered it a way to learn. My first thing for doing this project is not analyzing last years’ work, instead, I brainstormed first, for don’t want the previous visual get in my way of inspiration. After having a discussion with group mates, we all came to the consensus that we don’t like the visual of last year and the shape of the bird can be found on FreePik, a website allowing people access to many free images. To be honest, I don’t think a good design should apply any already-made elements on it. Although Linda, our client love the idea of the paper-folding birds and dark background for design and ask for it would be better to keep those ideas, I personally think that design should not confine by any frame, for perhaps a breakthrough of a new visual could work out better. The reason she said that could be she hasn’t has the chance to witness a better idea and have a cognitive bias towards design. LEAP, the creative expo is a job fair aimed at design and art students. Therefore, the style could be bold, like taking a leap towards the unknown future. In fact, I was inspired by Joseph Müller-Brockmann’s poster design in the 1950s [FIG37][FIG38] that I can always feel a dynamic movement simply in his graphics. Regarding "Leap" is an action, I appreciate the seem-to-be-moving technique that I want to employed it on the visual. Apart from that, he also adopt dividing simple geometry shapes into complicated visual, which reminds me of optical illusion. As a result, I decided to apply geometry shapes into design. In addition, my design is all around the idea of “abstract”, since the future is so close but we can’t see it clearly enough, all we can do is predict an outline and try to make an effort to achieve some goal.
[FIG 37] 25
[FIG 38]
Adapting the NTU color into my design, which makes the event more in relation to the university. However, I added one more colour into it, yellow, hoping that the leap is to leading forward to a brighter future. As for the bird, I didn’t abandon the idea in the design eventually, for I want to challenge the way to design the bird without the restriction of frames or shapes. The solution after many visual experiments was finally came, by using color splash to represent the bird, which means to be creative.
Bird
Client want to keep the bird Using color splash to represent the bird, which means to be creative and not to be confined.
Additionally, not only we have to think of the main visual, but also we have to think of some activities during and before the events, including interior and exterior. It actually wrack our brain out about the activities, due to we are limited by the venue, like projecting visual, which led us to the design without any additional interactive devices. I researched for many ideas online, like an interactive wall decorated by participants using strings to connect keywords they feel related to. It could be a good activity, of course, but I somehow think it is quite cliche, for it has been used in many exhibition. I want the activity to be innovative,
Speed
Leap to the unknown future, it must need some speed
Geometry
Future, so abstract!
C:25 M:87 Y:0 K:0
C:95 M:85 Y:0 K:0
C:2 M:58 Y:100 K:0
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therefore, we came up with some interesting ideas in the interior, like designing boxes that participants can play with and also can be a decoration in the venue, as well as using the form of Chinese daily calendar that people can tear a page off to go; however it is not just a normal calendar, it is a calendar with inspiring sentences that intended to let students to be inspired. The date will always be 02, April, 2018, when the creative expo is held, and adding words like “It’s time to get ready for your future�. As for the exterior, the stairs and window in front of Newton building could also be designed, as well as designing flags placing over there. 27
Although my design didn’t picked by Linda, I like my final outcome, for it was a leap for me to do such a bold design and I was having a great time solving the problem of the project. Those feedback I got, most of them are positive and people love the calendar idea. However, I got a problem of the color setting that I was designed with RGB, instead of CMYK, which can’t show the bright colors that well when printing. In fact, I tried to convert my design into CMYK, but still lost the intended color I wanted for. On top of that, the previous LEAP also got problem for the color when printing. Good to know that the suggestion I got from discussion with tutor is that there’s also chances to correct it when printing.
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There are a few reason towards why young people, specifically under age 25, that they don’t fancy classical music. For instance, it could be buying costly tickets to engage in span of time sitting in the stifle concert hall with formal clothing. So, we know the problems lie in and the solutions could be shorten the time playing, or occur in casual way and adding visual elements. Yet according to Graham Strahle (2017), in the Journal of Popular Music Education suggests the views that young adults hold toward classical music are not as malleable as might be imagined. There is an interesting experiment conducted by Lucy Dearn and Stephanie Pitts, according to Graham Strahle (2017), that was entitled "(Un)popular music and young audiences: Exploring the classical chamber music concert from the perspective of young adult listeners". In fact, they invited 40 young people – aged under 25 to attend the music concerts, which performed the works of Beethoven, Schumann and Brahms at Sheffield’s Music. The result was that most of the participants found it hard to resonate to the music emotionally along with the concert experience as a whole, even including those who were studying music at university level. They came to the conclusion that it was concert setting to blame. From their observations , they interpreted that the participants were being distracted by concerning how they should behave and other audience members’ restrained behaviour. However, in my opinion, the rule of in the concert hall is not that hard to follow or pay attention to, it was just as same as taking the lecture, sitting and listening
30, Nov, 2018
Why is it hard for young people to fall in love with classical music?
carefully, while it could be the performance lack of visual or even audio stimulation, or it could be the formal way of attending. On top of that, the reason might related to fashion style with psychology mindset. For instance, nowadays we don’t have the rule or courtesy to dress with tight corset with dress or suit up with knotted ties all the time. Instead, there are many companies allowing their employee to wear casual clothing to work that our fashion has keep developed as time goes by. Thus the idea of wearing formal clothing to a classical concert was deeply-rooted in people’s mind. One could say that it is a “tradition” to dress up to attend those events, then why we abandoned the “tradition” to wear the same clothes as our ancestor did? In fact, the feeling of wearing casual outfits is so relaxing and free. However, on the contrary, people tend to feel much more restrict when dressing formal that could think of going to a serious meeting or attending a funeral, then came the stressful feeling. I came to the hypothesis of whether formal or casual clothing can impact on one’s mood or the way they think, perhaps it might lead me to the idea of dressing formal to classical music event is restrained and stressful, so that young people tend to choose not to embrace any classical music related stuff. Joe Pinsker (2015) quoted from Michael Slepian that “No matter how often you wear formal clothing, if you are wearing for mal clothing, then you are likely in a context that's not the intimate, comfortable, and more socially close setting with no dress code”. 30
Perhaps we assume ‘classical music’ is dying in the hands of young people, but what we didn’t think of is that art performing might need to adjusted as the time went by, as the same reason as design, to follow the trend. So for my major project, I should focus more on finding ways that are more relevant to young people; however, I don’t want to do in the form of animation, for it has been prevail over years and that’s the problem I should be solving.
, Dec,
8
There must be other reasons out of the concert "rules" that get in the way of the young to like classical music. In fact, whenever we shop online or in store about CD album, we can see all kinds of designs, no matter it is goomy, bold, happy, retrospective; however, when it comes to classical music, usually, all we see is the photo of the musicians, or a peaceful oil painting like landscape and portrait. Denise Burt, who worked in Dacapo Records in Denmark said that although she know nothing about classical music, she did know the outdated design for albums aren’t working anymore. In fact, She made some unpresented visual on classical music album design. Indeed, some of them are quite innovative, still I can tell the design is in the beginning phase of the revolutionary for classical music albums.
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Jexper Holmen, Oort Cloud
[FIG 39]
Classical Music Album Desgin: Denise Burt
[FIG 39]
“Oort cloud” refers to our solar system that was abundant with icy mass of objects and the composer depicted the music is like the universe, "doesn’t give a damn about you.", which leads to the inspiration of Burt’s design. I personally don’t like the design, since she did'nt consider how the album is going to display on the shelf with those hard-torecognize and symbol-liked characters. It might leave customers confused that what album are they looking at. However, to think in a different angle, what if the messy, unreadable cover might draw customers’ attention when shopping in the album stores, for its refreshing and creative design for classical music. In fact, according to Tom Huizenga (2015), one critic wrote: “ If prizes were awarded on the basis of user unfriendliness, this CD would be in line for a Pulitzer.” , perhaps it is Burt’s intention after all, since she felt happy for that comment.
MA Progect The Combination of Art
Vagn Holmboe, Chamber Music
David Lang, Death Speaks
She was inspired by the image of bacteria that re-shape those into graphic design with different colors. Still, I won’t know those lines are related to bacteria, if not do the research. In fact, those scattered green lines made me think of coniferous that this album could be all around nature music.
This is the exact image she found and revised it into her design.
[FIG 41]
[FIG 40]
Vagn Holmboe died in 1996, so it is impossible to talk with the composer about his inspiration or what kind of design he is looking for. However, she managed to learn about his metamorphosis technique of composing, which are mutate and multiply musical “cells”. [FIG 40]
We all don’t know about death, and there are many tells about it. In Burt’s edition, she portrayed it as a friend: “Not an evil person coming to take you away, but someone to embrace and comfort you.” [FIG 41]
Regarding no faces but body language in the image, from the patting on the shoulder, we can only recognize the hand instead of other body parts, which adds more creepy and mysterious vibe in the photo and curiosity draws me want to check out what is death speaks sounds
She was inspired by an old p h o t o f ro m t h e L i b r a r y o f Congress. “The original picture itself is nasty!” she says. “But when you focus in on his hand on her shoulder, he has the most amazingly gentle touch.” In my opinion, this photo has many meaning behind it, with those intriguing eyes, smiles and weird body language, which made the vibe quite quirky. 32
Cognitive Biases , Dec,
8
My target audience are young people aged from 18-25 and it is obviously that they already have bias towards classical music. Challenging as it is, I am in that ages group so that I might know what their mindset and probably will be easier for me to do the research. However, before testing my idea, I should figure out what exactly the bias are. I n t h e f i e l d o f p s y c h o l o g y, t h e re are 58 cognitive biases and in fact, those biases are messing up with us everyday. Everyone tend to think that they are rational and logical person; however, the every decision we made could subconsciously impacted by our cognitive biases. There are two out of fifty-eight cognitive biases that are related to my MA project, which are confirmation bias and conformity bias. Confirmation bias is that we tend to listen to the information that confirms to our preconceptions and it is hard to change your mind. For instance, a person doesn’t like classical music at all, and it would be really hard to persuade 33
him to go on a classical music concert with me, no matter how famous the musician is. Conformity bias is that people have a tendency to conform to other people. In this case would be one might not have too many exposure or experiences in classical music, instead, people around him hate it, so one could perceive that “yeah, whatever, I hate it.�. It would be weird that you think different than the crowd, as a result, I always think that loving classical music is a lonely path. I believe that emotion is a great gift for human, for we can feel, we can love. Still, a bad thing at the same time, since we can hate, we can despise and also we can think with biases. On top of that, to do things in a fair and neutral attitude is not an easy thing and we should keep in mind of those biases. To extract yourself out of the biases thinking might help you see more clearly about the whole picture and that is really important when developing problem solving skills and critical thinking.
Synesthesia was first recorded medically in 1812, by Gustav Fechner. Since then, they are more people being reported and approximately there are about 4 people out of one hundred having synaesthesia. Spider man can emit spider web from hand, Jessica Jones have mighty power, these are considered superpower, albeit in different ways; however, if any power I can choose to endow with, definitely synesthesia. I love the idea of seeing colors, for I could see more possibility in inspiration and probably will help a lot for my creative works. [FIG 42]
There is a TED TALK by Annie Dinkinson, she can see color when hearing sound and she talked about what her world is like [FIG 42]. In fact, this specific synesthesia combining visual with audio is called “Chromesthesia”. She didn’t know that she is one of that until her teacher in her undergraduate asked her what color did she think of her own voice when singing. Therefore, over eighteen years, she assumed that everyone were like her, to
MA Progect The Combination of Art
Synesthesia, a perceptual phenomenon that stimulate one sensory or cognitive pathway that leads to the connection to second sensory or cognitive pathway automatically. For instance, one who has synesthesia can see colors when hearing sound.
30, Nov, 2018
Synesthesia
hear sound but also see colors. It is said that people who has synesthesia would more likely to be creative, for some artists can back up the assumption. Yet, the cause of synaesthesia is still not discovered, though it does seem to pass on in families. However, scientists are raising question about whether it can be learnt or not. Therefore, a study carried out by a neuroscientist, Olympia Colizoli, along with her colleagues at the University of Amsterdam, they conduct research and experiments and found out that a cognitive delay known as the Stroop Effect can temporarily impact one to have synesthesia, but only for a couple months. In addition, they also found out that early childhood experiences could also left an impact, for instance, people in the Western world would likely associate ‘M’ with the colour yellow due to McDonald’s golden arches. In this case; however, I perceive that it is not pure synesthesia, but memory left a great impact on us. Everyone has the experience of seeing objects or smelling a scent that made you think of another feeling, or even another sensory and it could be our previous long-term memory that leads us to link two sensory together and it is called emotional memories.
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Wassily Kandinsky , Nov,
8
The Pythagoreans were probably the first westerners at it when they declared: "The eyes are made for astronomy, the ears for harmony, and these are sister sciences." Wa s s i l y K a n d i n s k y ( 1 8 6 6 - 1 9 4 4 ) , a synesthesia person, an artist from Russia and viewed as one of the pioneers in abstract modern art. He arrived at a way of playing on the canvas in the unity of colour and form to create an aesthetic sense that brought out visual, audio, and emotional towards the public. [FIG 43] [FIG 44] [FIG 4
Additionally, the reason that I conducted research on him is that he highly valued music and believed it could evoke images in audiences’ mind merely through sounds. He had did some experiments that linked colours with poems, film scripts, drama and so on. For instance, during prewar period (1913), he created a book of linked poems and woodcuts called Klänge - “Sounds" and wrote several play scripts, which he titled The Yellow Sound, The Green Sound and Black and White. Thus he employ music associated with different methods, painting is considered his heart of experiment. Even in his abstract period 35
of art works, the idea of music and the fondness of Russia, his home country, it is easy to be detected, for the colours and shapes he applied were somehow representative to them. In fact, colour meant remarkably precise to him, like ascribing particular emotional qualities to each shade, and making it a complex ways to group or ungroup the objects on the canvas as well as making those colours balanced with one another. He convinced that there is a bound connection between colour and spirit that he suggested "Our hearing of colours is so precise. Colour is a means of exerting a direct influence upon the soul. Colour is the keyboard. The eye is the hammer. The soul is the piano with its many strings. The artist is the hand that purposely sets the soul vibrating by means of this or that key. Thus it is clear that the harmony of colours can only be based upon the principle of purposefully touching the human soul.� Kandinsky was inspired by Arnold Schoenberg’s work, who was a music composer, writer and also a painter then. Both Kandinsky and Schoenberg have the idea of creating music dramas in which colour would be designed at the same time with the sound and action. And that is way before the invention of modern lighting.
[FIG 43]
[FIG 44]
[FIG 45]
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Lonfon Fashion Week Festival
Anon, [n.d.]. Georgia Hardinge [online]. Available at: https://www.georgiahardinge.co.uk/pages/about [Aceessed 20 Sep 2018]. Anon., 2018. Georgia Hardinge. Wekipedia [online]. Available at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Hardinge [Aceessed 20 Sep 2018]. Anon., 2018. London fashion week [online]. Available at: http://www.londonfashionweek.co.uk/designers_profile. aspx?DesignerID=1408 [Aceessed 20 Sep 2018].
The Log-O-Rithmic slide rule: A Retrospective
Gabrielle Schaad. 2012, Domus Reactivating a manifesto [online]. Dumus, 30 March. Available at: https://www.domusweb.it/en/ architecture/2012/03/30/reactivating-a-manifesto.html [Accessed 20 Sep 2018]. Anon, 2018. Trix & Robert Haussmann. The Log-O-Rithmic Slide Rule: A Retrospective [online]. ETH Zurich. Available at: https://www. gta.arch.ethz.ch/events/trix--robert-haussmann-the-logorithmic-slide-rule-a-retrospective [Accessed 23 Sep 2018]. Nancy Hass, 2016. These Architects, Working Into Their 80s, Should Be Famous. The New York Times Style Megazine [online], 13 Sep. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/13/t-magazine/design/trix-haussmann-robert-haussmann-architects-designers.html [Accessed 23 Sep 2018]. Trix and Robert Haussmann, 2018. Life in Design: Trix and Robert Haussmann [online]. Frieze, 17 APR 2018. Available at: https://frieze. com/article/life-design-trix-and-robert-haussmann [Accessed 23 Sep 2018]. Anon., 2017. TRIX + ROBERT HAUSSMANN [online]. Maniera. Available at: https://maniera.be/creators/13/trix-robert-haussmann [Accessed 23 Sep 2018]. Hannah Tindle, 2018. The Octogenarian Architects Influenced by The Memphis Group. AnOther [online], 23 JULY. Available at:http:// www.anothermag.com/design-living/11018/the-octogenarian-architects-influenced-by-the-memphis-group [accessed 23 Sep] 2018].
Manchester Design Conference: DM18 DISRUPT Anon., 2018. DM18: DISRUPT [online]. Design Manchester. Available at:https://designmcr.com/the-festival [Accessed 18 Oct].
Design Dumbar
Anon., 2018. Alzheimer Nederland — Communication design with integrity for the Dutch Alzheimer Foundation [online]. Studio Dumbar: All work. Available at: https://studiodumbar.com/work/alzheimer-nederland [Accessed 27 Oct 2018]. Anon., 2004. EUNL — A European logo for the Dutch Presidency of the European Union [online]. Studio Dumbar: All work. Available at: https://studiodumbar.com/work/eunl [Accessed 27 Oct 2018].
Graphéine
Anon., 2018. Saint-Étienne Opera House - 2017-18 season [online], Graphéine. Available at:https://www.grapheine.com/en/portfolio/ fers-fondation-entreprise-reussite-scolaire?fbclid=IwAR3nS8IZMSGyjnXJmWGTAm0zX_OYRlhhZD_AgpxCfC1QaXl6nJwuET9bIxI [Accessed 15 Nov].
Tokyo Midtown: Design Town 2018
Anon., 2018. Tokyo Midtown, Design Touch [online]. Tokyo Midtown, Design Touch: EVENT INDEX. Available at: http://www.tokyomidtown.com/jp/event/designtouch/english/ [Accessed 19 Nov 2018]
What could be future trend?
Anon., 2018. Alfons Maria Mucha, Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_Mucha [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Angela Reed, 2016. Why it’s so important to keep on handwriting letters? [online]. Inkpact. Available at: https://inkpact.com/why-itsso-important-to-keep-writing-handwriting-letters/ [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Jackie, 2017. The importance of handwritten letters [online]. Runaway Rapetti. Available at: https://runawayrapetti.com/2017/07/26/ the-importance-of-handwritten-letters-giveaway/ [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Kate Moross, 2107. Kiehl’s Holiday Collection. Launch Event Tokyo, 2017 [online]. Kate Moross. Available at: https://www.katemoross. com/Kiehl-s-Launch-Tokyo-2017 [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Daniel Nelson, 2014. Graphic design inspiration [online]. Form Up North. Available at: https://fromupnorth.com/graphic-designinspiration-1085-d6feb5d69f1a [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Anon., [n.d.]. Jazz. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Nick Carson, 2018. 7 inspiring examples of the hand lettering trend. Creative Blog [online blog], 10 June. Available at: https://www. creativebloq.com/inspiration/7-inspiring-examples-of-the-hand-lettering-trend [Accessed 15 Sep 2018].
Project1: Extraoridinaey
Spencer Cox, 2015. Everything You Need to Know About Macro Photography [online]. Photography life. Available at: https:// photographylife.com/macro-photography-tutorial [Accessed 29 Sep 2018]. Anon, 2016. Top 12 Macro Photography Tips [online]. Amateur Photographer, 27 Jan. Available at: https://www.amateurphotographer. co.uk/technique/macro_photography/top-12-macro-photography-tips-2429 [Accessed 29 Sep 2018].
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Ann Sophie Lindström, 2018. Don’t fence me in. Witness [online], 19 Sep. Available at: https://witness.worldpressphoto.org/dontfence-me-in-230c81ea65ea [Accessed 29 Sep 2018]. Anon,2015. Top Macro Photographers Share Their Secrets. id! Blog [online blog] , 25, Aug. Available at: https://idesigni.co.uk/blog/ top-macro-photographers/ [Accessed 29 Sep 2018]. Thomas Shanan, 2005-2014. Thomasshanan.com [online]. Available at: http://thomasshahan.com/#photos [Accessed 29 Sep 2018]. Heather Angel, Heather Angel Photography [online]. Available at: http://heatherangelphotography.co.uk/ [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Alessandro Zocci, Alessandro Zocci Macro Photography [online]. Available at: https://alessandrozocchi.com/ [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, [n.d.]. DADA [online]. The Art Story. Available at: https://www.theartstory.org/movement-dada.htm [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, 2018. DADA. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, 2018. DADA [online]. TATE. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/d/dada [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, 2018.Giuseppe Achimboldo. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Arcimboldo [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, 2018. Photomontage [online]. TATE. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/p/photomontage [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, [n.d.]. Max Ernst and his painting [online]. Max Ernst. Available at: http://www.max-ernst.com/ [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, 2018. Max Ernst. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Ernst [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, [n.d.]. Siegfried Odermatt [online]. History Graphic Design. Available at: http://www.historygraphicdesign.com/the-age-ofinformation/postmodern-design/542-siegfried-odermatt [Accessed 30 Sep 2018].
Project2: LEAP
Josef Müller-Brockmann, 1959. Swiss Star [online]. Grafik. Available at: https://www.grafik.net/category/heroes/swiss-star [Accessed 13 Nov 2018]. Josef Müller-Brockmann, 1955. Strawinsky/Fortner/Berg by Josef Müller-Brockmann (1955) [online]. PRAXIS. Available at: http://blog.niclasresch.com/post/159605551358/brockmann [Accessed 13 Nov 2018]. Anon., 2017. Five Metal Shop CALENDAR PROJECT 2018. Five Metal Shop [Facebook], 20 Sep. Available at: https://reurl.cc/zMAgk [Accessed 13 Nov 2018].
MA Major Project Why Is It Hard For Young People To Fall In Love With Classical Musci? Anon, 2017. Millennials hate classical music and these are all the reasons why. Classic FM [online]. 11, Sep. Available at: https://www. classicfm.com/discover-music/millennials-hate-classical/ [Accessed 30 Nov 2018]. Graham Strahle, 2017. What’s turning young people off classical music concerts?. Limelight [online]. 5, July. Available at: https://www. limelightmagazine.com.au/features/whats-turning-young-people-off-classical-music-concerts/ [Accessed 30 Nov 2018]. Joe Pinsker, 2015. Wearing a Suit Makes People Think Differently: Formalwear elicits feelings of power, which change some mental processes.The Atlantic [online], 30 Apr. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/04/wearing-a-suit-makespeople-think-differently/391802/ [Accessed 01 Dec 2018].
Classical Music Album Design: Denise Burt
Tom Huizenga, 2015. Sound Design: The Art Of The Album Cover [online]. DPR Music, 30 July. Available at: https://www.npr.org/ sections/deceptivecadence/2015/07/30/426746267/sound-design-the-art-of-the-album-cover [Accessed: 20 NOV 2018]. Tom Huizenga, 2015. WHAT DOES MUSIC LOOK LIKE? [online]. NPR: Look at this, 28 July. Available at: https://apps.npr.org/lookatthis/ posts/album-art/ [Accessed: 20 NOV 2018].
Cognitive Biases
Gus Lubin and Shana Lebowitz, 2015. 58 cognitive biases that screw up everything we do [online]. Business Insider: strategy. Available at: http://uk.businessinsider.com/cognitive-biases-2015-10?r=US&IR=T [Accessed 30 Nov 2018].
Synesthesia Seeing Sound: How Synesthesia Can Change Our Thinking | Annie Dickinson | TEDxYouth@Lancaster, 2017 [YouTube]. Tedx Talks, 15 Augest. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88s6guf9egs [Accessed 02 Dec]. Holly Williams, 2014. How synesthesia inspires artists. BBC [online]. 21 Oct. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140904i-see-songs-in-colour [Accessed 02 Dec] Frank Swain, 2014. Can synaesthesia be learnt?. BBC [online]. 11 June. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140611-cansynaesthesia-be-learnt [Accessed 02 Dec 2018]
Wassily Kandinsky Anon., 2018. Wassily Kandinsky. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky#cite_note-1 [accessed 21 Nov 2018]. Anon. [n.d.]. Wassily Kandinsky [online]. The Art Story. Available at: https://www.theartstory.org/artist-kandinsky-wassily.htm [accessed 21 Nov 2018].
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Gerard McBurney, 2006. Wassily Kandinsky: the painter of sound and vision. The Guardian [online], 24 June. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2006/jun/24/art.art [accessed 21 Nov 2018].
[FIG1]
Laura., 2018. Pantone Color Trends A/W 2018-2019 [digital image]. KUKKA. Available at: http://blog.kukka.nl/2018/02/pantone-trendcolours-aw-2018-2019.html. [Accessed 29 Sep 2018].
[FIG 2] [FIG 3]
Design Dumbar., 2018. Alzheimer Nederland — Communication design with integrity for the Dutch Alzheimer Foundation [digital image]. Studio Dumbar: All work. Available at: https://studiodumbar.com/work/alzheimer-nederland [Accessed 27 Oct 2018].
[FIG 4] [FIG 5]
Design Dumbar., 2004. EUNL — A European logo for the Dutch Presidency of the European Union [digital image]. Studio Dumbar: All work. Available at: https://studiodumbar.com/work/eunl [Accessed 27 Oct 2018].
[FIG 6] [FIG 7] [FIG 8]
Graphéine., 2018. Saint-Étienne Opera House - 2017-18 season [digital image],Graphéine. Available at:https://www.grapheine. com/en/portfolio/fers-fondation-entreprise-reussite-scolaire?fbclid=IwAR3nS8IZMSGyjnXJmWGTAm0zX_OYRlhhZD_ AgpxCfC1QaXl6nJwuET9bIxI [Accessed 15 Nov].
[FIG 9] Dan Matutina, 2018. Tokyo Midtown Design Touch [digital image]. Available via: https://reurl.cc/RjnLe [Accessed 29 Nov 2018].
[FIG 10] Mucha, 2018. Wikipedia [digital image]. Available via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_Mucha [Accessed 15 Sep 2018].
[FIG 11] Kate Moross, 2107. Kiehl’s Holiday Collection. Launch Event Tokyo, 2017 [digital image]. Available via: https://www. katemoross.com/Kiehl-s-Launch-Tokyo-2017 [Accessed 15 Sep 2018].
[FIG 12] [FIG 13] Kamil Borowssk, 2013. Woody Allen DVD Covers [online]. Behance: kb_calligraphy Kamil Borowski. Available at: https://www.behance.net/gallery/9100219/Woody-Allen-DVD-Covers [Accessed 15 Sep 2018].
[FIG 14] HLT Studio, 2015. CD cover &disk [online]. Behance: HLT Studio. Available at: https://www.behance.net/gallery/23192523/ CD-cover-disk [Accessed 15 Sep 2018].
[FIG 15] Hsiaoron Cheng, 2015. Troye Sivan: Wild [online]. Instagram: hsiaoroncheng. Available at: https://www.instagram.com/ hsiaoroncheng/ [Accessed 15 Sep 2018].
[FIG 16] Hsiaoron Cheng, 2015. Troye Sivan: Wild [online]. Instagram: hsiaoroncheng. Available at: https://www.instagram.com/ hsiaoroncheng/ [Accessed 15 Sep 2018].
[FIG 17] Anon, 2018. Jazz. Wikipedia [digital image]. Available via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. [FIG 27] Giuseooe Achimboldo, 1950. Vertumnus, [oil on wood]. Skokloster Castle, Sweden. [FIG 28] Giuseooe Achimboldo,1573. Summer 2, [oil on wood]. Como Cathedral, Italy [FIG 29] Raoul Hausmann,1919–20. Picture collage. The Art Critic. Tate [online], Available via:https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/ d/dada [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]
[FIG 30] Max Ernst,1921. The Elephant Celebes, [oil on canvas]. Tate [online]. Available via: http://www.max-ernst.com/ [Accessed 30 Sep 2018].
[FIG 31] Max Ernst,1923. Ubu Imperator, [oil on canvas]. Pompidou Center, Paris. [FIG 32] Siegfried Odermatt,1960. Oben [digital image]. Available via: http://www.historygraphicdesign.com/the-age-of-information/ postmodern-design/542-siegfried-odermatt [Accessed 30 Sep 2018].
[FIG 33] Josef Müller-Brockmann, 1959. Musik[digital image]. Available via: https://www.grafik.net/category/heroes/swiss-star [Accessed 13 Nov 2018].
[FIG 39] [FIG 40] [FIG 41] Tom Huizenga, 2015. WHAT DOES MUSIC LOOK LIKE? [online]. NPR: Look at this, 28 July. Available at: https://apps.npr.org/lookatthis/posts/album-art/ [Accessed: 20 NOV 2018].
[FIG 42] Seeing Sound: How Synesthesia Can Change Our Thinking | Annie Dickinson | TEDxYouth@Lancaster, 2017 [YouTube]. Tedx Talks, 15 Augest. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88s6guf9egs [Accessed 02 Dec].
[FIG 43] Wassily Kandinsky, 1911, Reiter (Lyrishes), oil on canvas, 94 x 130 cm, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen [FIG 44] Wassily Kandinsky, 1910, The Cow, Lenbachhaus, Munich [FIG 45] Wassily Kandinsky, Composition IV, 1911, 39