TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENTPLAN 2012-2021 by PointMedia

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 1 of 125

Office: Development and long term development

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 - 2021

Prishtina, 2011

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 2 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Content: ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. 4 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Role of the Transmission System and Market Operator ....................................... 7 1.2 Transmission network .......................................................................................... 8 1.3 Plan context ......................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Plan content ....................................................................................................... 11 2. GRID CODE REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 13 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Relevant data for planning –requirements for the transmission system users ...... 14 2.3 Data Attributes .................................................................................................. 14 2.4 Standards and criteria for transmission network planning ................................... 15 2.5 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV Network Planning Criteria ..................................... 16 2.6 Long-term planning criteria for the re-vitalizing of the transmission network ..... 19 2.7 Planning methodology ....................................................................................... 20 2.8 Planning substation configuration ...................................................................... 21 3. FORECASTING ELECTRICITY DEMAND ......................................................... 25 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 25 3.2 Background history of Demand and current situation ........................................ 25 3.3 Demand profile .................................................................................................. 26 3.4 Long term forecasts of demand 2012-2021 ........................................................ 30 4. GENERATION CAPACITIES OF KOSOVO POWER SYSTEM ......................... 32 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 32 4.2 Planning of the new generating units .................................................................. 33 4.3 Renewable sources ............................................................................................. 34 4.3.1 Small hydro plants .......................................................................................... 34 4.3.2 Wind energy ................................................................................................... 34 5. KOSOVO TRASSMISSION NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS............. 37 5.1 History of the transmission network .................................................................. 37 Transmission network infrastructure development – 2012-2021............................. 39 5.2 .................................................................................................................................. 39 5.2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 39 5.3 Development projects completed during the period 2006- 2010......................... 40 5.4 Development projects in implementation and in the process ............................. 43 5.5 Project-applications for connection to the transmission network, ongoing and in development, during the period 2010-2011 .................................................................... 44 5.6 List of new development projects planned for the period 2012-2021 ................. 45 5.5.1 The list of new projects in the category of transmission network reinforcement 46 5.6.2 Projects planned for the category of revitalization of KOSTT substations ..... 49 5.6.3 Projects planned in the category of supporting transmission system operation 50 5.7 Technical description of projects planned in transmission .................................. 51 5.7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 51

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 3 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

5.7.2 Transmission network reinforcement projects ................................................ 51 5.7.3 Projects on the re-vitalizing of the lines 110kV............................................... 64 5.7.4 Projects for the re-vitalizing of the substations ............................................... 70 5.7.5 Projects for the improvement for monitoring, controlling and measuring of the transmission system ................................................................................................... 73 TRASSMISSION NETWORK PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ............................... 75 6.1 Current transmission network capacities; Q4-2011 ............................................. 76 6.1.1 400, 220 and 110kV lines capacity .......................................................................... 76 6.1.2 Transformation capacities; Q4-2011 .................................................................... 77 6.2 The current load exchange capacity with neighbouring countries ....................... 79 Analysis of the transmission network condition as per topology............................. 80 6.3 Q4-2011 ............................................................................................................. 80 6.3.1 N-security criterion analysis............................................................................ 81 6.3.2 Voltage profile and losses ............................................................................... 83 6.4 Analysis of the transmission network condition as per topology Q4-2012 .......... 88 6.4.1 N-security criterion analysis............................................................................ 90 6.4.2 N-1 security criterion analysis ......................................................................... 91 6.4.3 Voltage profile and losses ............................................................................... 92 6.5 Analysis of the transmission network condition as per topology - 2016 .............. 96 6.5.1 N Security criterion analysis ........................................................................... 96 6.5.2 N-1 security criterion analysis ......................................................................... 97 6.5.3 Voltage profile and losses ............................................................................... 97 6.6 Analysis of the transmission network condition, topology 2021 ....................... 102 6.6.1 N security criterion analysis .......................................................................... 102 6.6.2 N-1 security criterion analysis ....................................................................... 103 6.6.3 Voltage profile and losses ............................................................................. 104 6.7 General conclusion .......................................................................................... 108 FAULT CURRENTS IN THE TRASSMISSION NETWORK .............................. 113 7.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 113 7.2 Calculation of fault currents level ..................................................................... 113 7.2.1 Mathematical model, calculation methodology and applied software ............ 113 7.2.2 Features of the power circuits of the transmission network .......................... 114 7.3 Results of the calculated fault currents ............................................................. 115 7.3.1 Assessments of the calculated fault currents (2009) ...................................... 115 7.3.2 Assessments of the calculated fault currents (2011) ...................................... 117 7.3.3 Assessments of the calculated breaking currents (2013) ................................ 118 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ............................................................................ 120 9.1 Environmental protection ................................................................................ 120 9.2 Environmental problems in the transmission system ........................................ 120 9.2.1 Environmental problems caused by the lines ................................................ 120 9.3 Caution on the other environmental impacts .................................................... 122 9.4 Environmental plans ........................................................................................ 122 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 124

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 4 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

ABBREVIATIONS ENTSO/E – (European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity) ESTAP I &II - (Energy Sector Technical Assistance Project) GIS -

(Generation Investment Study)

KOSTT – System, transmission and market operator JSC KEK – Kosovo Energy Corporation J.S.C. MEM – Ministry of Energy and Mining MTI – Ministry of Trade and Industry OPGW – Optical Ground Wire TSO – Transmission system operator PSS/E- Power System Simulator/Engineering TDP – Transmission Development Plan REBIS - (”Regional Balkans Infrastructure Study”) EES –Power system SCADA/EMS – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition/Energy Management System SECI – South East Cooperative Initiative (Regional transmission planning project) EMS – Environment management system TACSR/ACS – (Special conductor with high level of thermal resistance, Al-Çe) IT – Information technology ERO – Energy Regulatory Office

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 5 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning 1.

INTRODUCTION

Electricity sector as one of the most important industrial sectors in the economy of Kosovo should be developed and planned appropriately. Transmission network, which is operated by KOSTT, plays an important role in the energy and electricity system enabling the transmission of power from generators to large customers and distribution nodes. The vision of KOSTT is to “be a profitable company for safe and stable transmission of electricity, responsible to society and the environment and integrated with the European mechanisms”. KOSTT mission is to provide: •

Quality services by implementing technical and technological achievements in the development of the transmission system;

•

Transparency and non-discrimination in competitive electricity market;

•

Advancement of its position in regional and European levels, supported by a continuous increase of human capacities.

Related to the above-mentioned responsibilities on the transmission system development and legal obligations, KOSTT hereby drafts the Transmission Development Plan (TDP), which represents one of the main foundations of development planning of KOSTT. The importance of preparing and implementing such document is faced also in the legislative requirements related to the preparation and treatment of this document and as such belong to the primary and secondary level legislation. Legal requirements: Law on Energy: TSO and DSO draft and publish development plans, in accordance with the requirements of the Law on Energy Regulator. These plans must be compatible with license requirements and the energy strategy, strategy implementation plan, and energy balances. Law on Electricity:

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 6 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning TSO shall be responsible for fulfilling requirements related to the ten (10) year system development plan, as per sub-paragraph 5.6 and paragraph 6, Article 14, Law on Energy Regulator. Law on Energy Regulator The Energy Regulatory Office shall examine whether the ten-year development plan submitted by the transmission system operator covers all investment needs identified in the consultation process, and may require the transmission system operator to amend the ten-year system development plan as appropriate. Licenses for the Transmission System Operator: In accordance with the article 8 of the Law on Energy and article 16 of the Rule for licensing energy activities in Kosovo, the Licensee will prepare, issue and publish the development plan for the transmission system. Grid Code: Each year KOSTT will prepare and issue a detailed plan on transmission development (TDP) for the next 10 years.

Rule on licensing energy activities in Kosovo: An applicant for receiving the license for system transmission operator shall submit a system development plan as provided by article 12, paragraph 1 (1.20) 13.1 of the Law on Electricity, including the impact of system development on tariffs approved by ERO. ENTSO-E Requirements: According to the article of the (EC) Regulation No. 714/2009 of the 3rd package that defines the coordination of the operation and development of the transmission system "an extensive network plan for the community-wide should include modeling of integrated network, scenario development, an adequacy concept generation and an assessment of the resilience of the system”. Furthermore, TDP (Transmission Development Plan) should “build on national investment plans and, if appropriate under the guidelines for energy networks”.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 7 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning Pursuant on the above mentioned legal obligations, KOSTT is obliged to draft and after approval from Energy Regulatory Office, to publish and implement such document, which is drafted in full compliance with Energy Strategy of Kosovo.

1.1 Role of the Transmission System and Market Operator KOSTT mandate is defined by the Law on Electricity, secondary legislation and licenses issued by the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO). KOSTT as an independent operator of transmission system and market is responsible for operating and developing the transmission system, including network transmission and operation of electricity market. KOSTT responsibilities dealing with development of the transmission network are: •

Organization of preliminary studies for possibilities for new constructions of transmission capacities, facilities and equipment, supported by technical, economic and financial studies

•

Compilation and publication of short and long term plans for expansion and modernization of the transmission network.

•

the development of transmission network and interconnection with neighboring networks in order to guarantee the security of supply,

•

provide sufficient information on any other system operator to which the system is connected to ensure that it is a matter related to their development requirements

•

Coordination on the planning and development of transmission network with counterpart companies in the region and drafting of the ten-years plan at the ENTSO-E level

Under the granted license, KOSTT shall prepare and publish the transmission development plan for the next three years as part of the ten-year development plan. TDP after approved by the Energy Regulatory Office should be published by KOSTT. Network users can use this plan to plan their future activities, for new connections or strengthening the existing ones.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 8 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning 1.2 Transmission network Transmission network of the Republic of Kosovo operates three levels of voltage 400 KV, 220 KV and 110 KV. Kosovo as electricity-energy area is connected through crossborder lines with neighboring countries: Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Albania. Boundaries of generation and distribution assets that are managed and maintained by KOSTT is in lower terminals of the power transformer 110 kV by the load, or upper transformer of the generator, while the boundary for the eligible customers is in the connection portals. Kosovo Power System is characterized by strong network interconnection voltage of 400 kV, which is strongly interconnected in the regional network. Powerful interconnection of the transmission network with the surrounding networks around the ranks the Power System of Kosovo, as one of the important nodes of Power in the region and beyond. The continuous increase of electricity consumption in the country and the region, increase power flows in the internal lines and those of interconnection. This increase of power flows continuously narrows safety margins of the stability of Kosovoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Power System, and other systems interrelated with our system. Necessary reinforcements in the transmission network in the country and in the region are vital in maintaining the stability and reliability of the system in the near future. Currently the main problems identified in the transmission network, appear in 110 kV network. The 110 kV network is characterized by rings containing multiple substations connected in series, which cause the voltage drop in the final node. This TDP identifies the network reinforcements needed that will ensure safe operation and reliable quality system and better supply for the customers, in accordance with technical requirements specified in the Grid Code. Another reference used for the present plan is the study performed by the consultancy company (2010) Fichner on optimization of transmission network topology, mainly at 400 and 110 kV levels.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 9 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

1.3 Plan context The process of planning and development of transmission network is a long and complex process. The process involves a number of activities, such as network development in relation to energy demand prediction, generation prediction, enabling the identification of necessary reinforcements and extensions needed to achieve network operating within the parameters of reliability and environmental impact. Although TDP takes as a reference prediction for a certain period of time based on the ten-year Balance of Power, the plan must also convey the strategic development of the transmission system over the long term timeframe. The planning process is a result of the process of restructuring the energy market. The planning process has changed in some respects, compared to the previous process in the vertically integrated companies:

• Uncertainties coming from the market environment and input data. • Objectives of different network users (generators, traders, suppliers, customers and network operators) and • Incompliance and disproportion between the technical, economic, environmental and social requirements. • Uncertainties coming from the level of integration of energy from the renewable sources Also, the need for regional market integration requires increasing and strengthening of the interconnection capacity, which affects the planning process at national level. Network development options based on the Planning Code and on the general planning rules recommended by the ENTSO/E. Determinative methodology (defining), which is based on the security criteria N-1, presents the basic methodology applied in this plan, the purpose of identifying and determining the list of projects necessary for development of the transmission network. This plan contains information on the development and reinforcement expected to occur in the transmission network in Kosovo for 10 years in the following:

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 10 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning •

Building of new transformation and transmission capacities,

•

Strengthening of existing transmission and transformation capacities,

•

Construction of the interconnection lines with the neighboring countries,

•

Re-vitalizing of the existing equipments of the high voltage (lines and substations)

•

Development of supporting systems of transmission system (SCADA/EMS, metering etc.)

It also contains information on the possibilities of connecting new generating units and new loads on the transmission system. The main objective of the ten-year plan is to identify projects which will increase capacity, reliability, and efficiency of the operation of the transmission network. This plan will enable consumers, energy market participants, energy producers, prospective investors to get familiar with the transmission development plan for the next ten years. This document presents development plan drafted in KOSTT, and unlike the first TDP (2007-2013), it now covers a period of ten years from 2012 until 2021, in compliance with the requirements arising from ENTSO/E, where the year 2011 presents the reference year or the so-called year zero. All information in the development plan as project details, the expected date of the start of the project, applications for connection to network transmission that occurred during 2010, and ongoing to the end of 2011, are taken into consideration in developing this document. For the preparation of development plan appropriate calculations were made with the relevant software PSS/E 33, simulating computer models of the system based on data provided by KOSTT and network users, and based as well on the load prediction for the next 10 years.. Load forecast is based on historical data (consumption, maximum load, the load duration curve, etc.), as well as the expected demand from industrial and commercial consumption and new connections expected to occur. Generation data are provided by KEK - Generation and other generators. Data for interconnections expected to be built in the region, were provided by studies made in the Planning Group for Regional Transmission Network Planning - SECI, in which group KOSTT contributes as well through its representatives

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 11 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning For each year of development, studies were conducted for the power flows, simultaneously following the increase of the demand for maximum load. Also calculations were made for failures during different periods of time. Based on results of calculations, it is possible to provide estimates on how the network will operate for the estimated next years. Bottlenecks are identified and possible solutions were presented by analyzing their impact on improving the operating performance of the transmission network. The transmission network was analyzed also for minimal loads, thereby identifying eventual problems in overloads at 400, 220 and 110 kV levels, which may appear in summer minimal load regimes. KOSTT has been carefully evaluating the accuracy of information, which does not fall under KOSTT responsibility, making clear that KOSTT is not responsible for information or incorrect information received from other parties. 1.4 Plan content TDP is structured in 8 chapters including the introduction: Chapter 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Introduction Chapter 2 - Technical requirements of the Grid Code - presented the process of data collection, planning criteria and standards, and configuration of substations by voltage level 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV. Chapter 3 - Presents forecast demand for electricity consumption divided in the past three years and forecast consumption for the next 10 years. Chapter 4 - List of existing generators and planned ones. It is also presented the renewable generation and KOSTT policies in support of this technology. Chapter 5 - Describes the KOSTT network transmission, and interconnection with its neighbors. A part of this chapter describes in details the future developments of the network. Chapter 6 - System performance is presented for different network conditions for certain periods of development plan. Chapter 7 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Contains the results of the short circuit currents for certain periods of time, in order to assess the disconnection ability of existing switchers and dynamic

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 12 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning stability of high voltage equipment in case of occurrence of failures in the transmission network. Chapter 8 - Includes access to environmental planning policy in relation to the Transmission Development Plan Chapter 9 - Contains a list of references. Results of the calculations and simulations, diagrams, electrical maps are presented in the Annexes.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 13 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

GRID CODE REQUIREMENTS

2.1

Introduction One of the main KOSTT objectives is development of the transmission system with

the purpose of safe operation, efficient and reliable in order to enable transmission of the electricity in covering the requirements in full compliance with the legal obligations. Transmission System Operator plans development in the network based on long-term electricity needs. Demand for electricity transmission depends on many factors: increased consumption, installation of new generating units, new boundary lines, development of heavy industry, etc. The need for reinforcements in the transmission network is determined based on the study of network performance against the planned technical standards outlined in the Grid Code respectively Planning Code. The Grid Code covers the operational procedures and provisions governing the interaction between KOSTT and users of the Transmission System in Kosovo. This code also includes the processes of planning, connection, operation and balances system in normal and emergency situations. Processes include different periods based on the situations in the past, current situation and long-term domain. The Planning Code specifies technical criteria and procedures to be applied by KOSTT in planning and development of the Transmission System of Kosovo. Even users of the Transmission System during the planning and development of their systems should consider the Planning Code. This code also sets requirements for the collection of reliable information from users, so that KOSTT can make planning and development of transmission system in Kosovo. Based on Article 14 of the 'License of the Transmission System Operator' Transmission System Operator also has developed the basic planning criteria which are detailed in the document approved by the ERO, "Transmission System Security and Planning Standards â&#x20AC;?. This document defines a range of criteria and methodologies that

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 14 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning KOSTT should adopt (enforce) in the planning process of developing the transmission network in Kosovo 2.2

Relevant data for planning –requirements for the transmission system users

In order for KOSTT to implement its Transmission Network development plan ,all network users are required to submit relevant data affecting the determination of the plan. This section will briefly describe the process of collecting data needed for long-term planning, since more detailed ones can be found in Planning Code - Grid Code, which can be downloaded from the official site of KOSTT: www.kostt.com During the process of applying for new connections to the transmission network, to enable the completion of each connection offer - each user must submit to KOSTT the standard data of planning and preliminary project planning, attached to the application for connection application, and within two months from the date of the receiving the bid, the detailed planning data should be submitted. Any change from the previous data network users,

the

party

obliged

inform

KOSTT

order

revise

data.

KOSTT is also required to present users with the system data to enable users to model their network related to the contribution of the fault currents. 2.3

Data Attributes

The data, which transmission system users are obliged to send to KOSTT, are characterized depending on the type of system users. They usually fall into two main categories: •

Generator, and

•

Load

Existing and new generators are required to submit data for generating units’ plants, which are required by KOSTT, and all data changes that occur for different reasons. Each generation in the application for connection to KOSTT for getting a new connection or modification of an existing connection, must provide the necessary information as required by Planning Code.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 15 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning The data which are filled must contain the information such as plant location, name and type of facility, estimated date of commission etc.., and information of the technical nature such as expected monthly production of power, features of the power generator, the technical characteristics of synchronous machine, turbine, adjustment equipment (speed regulator, exciter, fluctuations stabilizers), the data of step-up transformer, the connection configuration, data allocation and the type of relay protection, data for the own consumption needs of the plant, etc.. The load has the character of distribution points that use the transmission network. They represent all the substations and distribution network, the network included 220 kV and 110 kV, and industrial customers connected to the transmission network. Each user with the loading application for connection submitted to KOSTT for a new connection or modification of an existing connection must provide the necessary information as required by Planning Code. This information should contain information about the substation location, time of becoming operational, load forecasting for the next 10 years, etc.., and technical data such as configuration of the substation, voltage level, transformers data, data on high voltage equipment, nature of the load, type of obstacles in low voltage level, etc. Detailed description about the user data at this point is made so that the reader could have a clear perception that any inconsistence in this document is subject to the user if they follow the criteria listed above. 2.4

Standards and criteria for transmission network planning

Transmission network planning based on the criteria set out in Planning Code, which are described in detail in the document " Transmission System Security and Planningâ&#x20AC;? Standards. Standard method of planning or determinative methods of transmission network planning, which presents the classical method used in many countries, which also applies to KOSTT. The main principle according to which the transmission network is dimensioned, is the necessity of fulfilling all technical requirements in accordance with Grid Code, and that the N-1 elements at work facing the most difficult conditions for operation. So basically this

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 16 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning method of planning is mainly based on critical conditions of operation of the transmission network. In principle, planning the transmission system in Kosovo is conduct is such a manner that the operation of the system meets the criteria 'N-1'. However, in some situations where it is not efficient to fulfill the 'N-1' criteria there will be applied exemptions for a period of time. 2.5

400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV Network Planning Criteria

Kosovo's transmission system at 400 kV and 220 kV has technical and economic characteristics which differ from the 110 kV systems. Investment cost and their dimensioning criteria are much higher than at 110 kV. Transmission system is interconnected with regional transmission systems through the network of 400 kV and 220 kV, so the effects of investment in network voltage 400 kV and 220 kV are not isolated but have a regional character. KOSTT has defined the strategy for developing the transmission network which is oriented in strengthening / development of the network 110 kV and 400 kV, whilst network 220 kV will not be develop further, except for specific cases where no other solution could be found. Transmission System Planning is made according to the criteria defined by the Grid Code, considering the fulfillment of the N-1 criteria, meaning that the system must be capable of normal operation in case of occurrence of the fault in the network (in Kosovo or in other systems) and the loss of one of the following elements: •

airline or cable lines

•

transformer,

•

compensator, and

•

generator (this criteria cannot be seen in the plan, but it is a requirement for the developers of generation capacity)

In case of loss of one of the above elements as a result of failures or maintenance, transmission system must fulfill the following operation conditions: •

transmission lines should not be charged beyond their thermal limits,

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 17 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning •

reduction of the supply capacity is not allowed

•

level of voltage tension and speed change cannot exceed certain limits,

•

transient and dynamic stability of the Power System should not be endangered, and

•

power transformers should not be over-loaded. The 110 kV network, whose development is done in accordance with the Transmission

Connection Tariff Methodology of KOSTT, includes all equipment, voltage 110 kV (lines and facilities) in addition to the distribution transformers 110/10 (20) kV and 110/35 kV. In normal operating conditions the performance of the transmission system should be operating

accordance

with

criteria

outlined

the

Grid

Code.

The Grid Code defines the permitted limits of the voltage in the transmission system as in Table 2.1 Table 2.1 Permitted limits of the voltage

Loading the transmission lines above the designed thermal limits of the conductors, will be perceived as overload of the line. Also, each load of the transformer above their nominal power will be considered as their overloading. In the table below are presented thermal margins for conductor of the cross sections, which standards are applied in KOSTT.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 18 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning Table 2.2 Standard electrical parameters for air lines and cables

High voltage facilities operating in the transmission network should be durable and sufficiently safe in case of failures of the system. The Electrical Equipment Code provides on nominal maximum currents, maximum fault currents and durations of faults allowed. The table 2-3 shows nominal currents for high voltage equipment. Table 2-3 Standard electrical parameters for disconnection equipment

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 19 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning 2.6

Long-term planning criteria for the re-vitalizing of the transmission network The revitalizing plan for the electro-energetic elements as air lines, transformers, cables

and substations, generally depends on the technical situation, their age and intensity of use of these elements in retrospect. The re-vitalizing plan of the transmission network equipment is done as follows: Air lines: their revitalization depends on two factors: their age and level of losses incurred in the line during a long â&#x20AC;&#x201C; term period. For phase conductor and earth wire, insulator, connection bridges, the time of 40 years represents a condition for adding them into the revitalization list. Fault frequency in lines represent additional indicator to select the line in the list of re-vitalization. In terms of losses in the list for re-vitalizing are included the lines of cross section of 150mm2, which are also associated with the first factor, since the initial development phase of the transmission network (1950-1970) 110 kV lines are built with the cross section conductor of 150mm2. This development concept is now being applied in all ENTSO/E transmission systems. 220 kV lines are considered to be older lines (>50-60 years), since their development took place mainly during the 60-ies and 70-ies. The European concept consists on the point that 220 kV lines are gradually re-raised to 400 kV level, mainly using only their routes. The difficulties faced in expropriation of private properties for development of new lines are distinct in all countries in Europe. Power transformers: plan of replacing the power transformers of the transmission network is based on their expected lifetime, which is estimated at 50 years. Another important factor which affects that the transformers will be included in the list for the replacement is their factual situation, which is monitored by maintenance teams through their periodic testing. Historical statistical data of events in specific transformers (load level, number and frequency of measures in protecting transformers, gas analysis, etc.) are an important factor in selecting new transformers to replace the old ones. Substations (overhead line bay and transformers): the re-vitalizing plan of the substations areas, which are included in the defined boundaries of the transmission network, is also based on age of the equipment and their factual situation. Priority for re-vitalizing have substations with high impact on transmission systems, but also all the substations that

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 20 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning their age has passed 40 years. Systematic transition from oil-containing disconnection equipment to gas equipment SF6 is an objective of KOSTT, provided by development and investment plans. 2.7

Planning methodology

The approach of the methodology of planning for the transmission network consists of the following steps: •

Collection of input data (creation of data base for computer modeling of the network).

•

Definition of different scenarios taking into account factors strengthening the development of generation, load, applications for connection, balance of power system, exchanges etc...

•

The creation of computer models of the network transmission format to PSS/E.

•

Determine the plan for re-vitalizing the existing electrical equipment on the basis of their life cycle.

•

Identification of network constraints (N-1 tests).

•

Definition of the possibilities of strengthening the network on the basis of N-1 tests.

•

Analysis of the voltage profiles and losses in the system.

•

The final definition of the reinforcement plan and plan for re-vitalizing transmission network

The table 2.1 provides the planning methodology of the transmission network

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 21 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning Gathering of input data and Creation of system model in PSS/E Creation of models with current and Planned conditions Technical analysis of the performance of

system (Power flows , criteria N-1 with PSS/E

Data on the state and ageing of equipments Revitalization plan of transmission network

Evaluation of applications for connection to TN

Identification of needs for system reinforcement

Connection approved

Creation of different scenarios of system reinforcement Technical analysis of the performance of system(power flows, criteria N-1) with PSS/E Selection of most optimal scenarios and Creation of final list of development Projects and revitalization of the TN

Figure 2-1 process of the planning development and re-vitalizing of the transmission network

2.8

Planning substation configuration KOSTT has prepared a document on the Transmission System Security and

Planning Standards, which sets forth planning standards for substations 400/220 kV, 400/110 kV, 220/110 kV and 110/10 (20) kV, a document by ERO. All 400/110 kV substations planned will be configured with double bus bars with coupler and open system. Dimensioning of electrical equipment shall be based on the Electrical Equipment Code, always being supported by computer analysis of power that define the power flows and short circuit level to the respective substations. These criteria may exempt those substations to which power generators and consumers of such

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 22 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning importance can be connected, so as to require a higher operational security level in a link. In these cases the design of bus bars can take into account additional specifications. Figure 2-2 presents a standard configuration for substations of 400/110 kV voltage level. Double bus bars system for 400 kV voltage level shown in figure 2-2 can be advanced with the additional system of the auxiliary bus bars in substations that are connected to more than three 400 kV lines.

Figure 2-2 Standard planning of the bus bars configuration of new substations in the transmission network

220/110 kV substationsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; configuration will be similar to the 400/110 kV substations.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 23 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning Configuration of substations 110/10 (20) kV is designed based on two standards regarding system bus bars of 110 kV. Number of lines planned to be connected in the 110 kV substations will be determinant for the bus bars system. For substations that will be connected in the long term only with two lines, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hâ&#x20AC;? type bus bar system applies, as shown in figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3

Whilst for the substations that will be connected with more than two lines, the double bus bar system with couplers applies, as shown in the figure 2-4.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 24 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Figure 2-4

The dimensions of the phase conductors and the protective for transmission lines are also standardized as follows: For 110 kV lines: conductor 1x240/40mm2 of ASCR, earth wire C 1x50 mm2; For 220 kV lines: conductor 1x360/65mm2 of ASCR, earth wire C 2x50 mm2 or 1x490/65 mm2 of ASCR earth wire C 2x70 mm2. For 400 kV lines: conductor mm2 of ASCR 2x490/65, earth wire Al 2x126 mm2. There is also another technology and conductors that have been applied in KOSTT. These conductors called "Hot wire" are the work of special alloy TACSR/ACS, which has the ability to work at higher temperatures. Usually used for short length of lines and where there is no possibility of strengthening the pillars. Their transmission capacity, e.g. a conductor of TACSR/ACS of 150/25mm2 / is the same with the transmission capacity of a conventional conductor 240/40mm2, while the weight is almost the same as conventional 150/25mm2 conductor. Their handicap is that such replacement of conductors does not help reduce power losses, and therefore they are preferred only in short circuit lines and those cases where there is no possibility of reinforcement of the towers, which is not possible to install because of the weight of the conventional conductor of 240/40mm2. All the new routes (enforced as well) will be equipped with at least 48 OPGW fibers in protective conductor to support the planned telecommunications network SCADA/ EMS.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 25 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

FORECASTING ELECTRICITY DEMAND

3.1

Introduction One of the basic data determining future transmission capacity development is to

forecast electricity load or power. The load forecast represents an integral part of planning the transmission network, generation and operation. Forecasting electricity demands over the long term presents no easy task. The main source of data for development of load forecast in the next 10 years is the demand forecast model developed by KOSTT, based on the document Long Term Energy Balance 2011 to 2020[2]. This model provides a 10 year forecast, hourly electricity demand. As such, this model allows forecasting of load for each hour in the next 10 years, including seasonal peak loads (winter and summer). 3.2

Background history of demand and current situation

For several years the electricity sector in Kosovo has faced electricity supply problems. Daily shedding, planned or unplanned are still present. This means that the recorded consumption is not the same as demand which would exist if there was a safe and quality supply of electricity. Planned reductions (scheduled) are mainly done in the hours when required consumption cannot be covered by local generation capacity and lack of imports, or because of capacity limitation of the DSO. The unplanned reductions happen due to unexpected and unforeseeable faults, and because of interruptions in generation units, in the distribution and transmission network. Figure 3-1 shows a historical chart of development of maximum load for our country. The unusual nature of the load curve in years reflects the political and economic situation in Kosovo. After the end of the war in Kosovo (1999) and to date, the maximum load has marked an average annual growth of 6%.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 26 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Figure 3-1 Maximum load history over years in Kosovo Table 3-1 shows maximum loads registered for years 2002-2010, for winter and summer seasons. The maximum load for 2010 increased for 7.3%. Table 3-1. Maximum active loads, summer and winter, for the period 2002-2010

3.3

Demand profile

Characteristics of the load duration curve of the Power System of Kosovo has undergone constant changes, both in terms of growth but also proportional to the change of load factor. In figure 3-2 we can see the load duration curve for the previous year in 2010. Summer consumption growth has led to increased load factor, 2.7% of the year the load exceeded 1000 MW, while 21.4% of the year, the load was over the figure of 800MW.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 27 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Figure. 3-2 Curve of the duration of the load for 2010

The electricity demand in Kosovo marks a curve which in a considerable time of the year (winter season), is not constant as a result of reduced consumption in times of peak loads. Such a curve may be seen in the figure 3-3, which provides a weekly chart in the winter season, for a typical week of January 2010. Latent consumption provides the real consumption, if there would not be any consumption reduction. Load shedding causes deformation of the consumption curves, and as such it differs them from no-shedding curves, which do not display any obvious surge. Peak loads are marked between 19 and 21 hrs, while the minimum loads between 4 and 6 hrs in the morning.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 28 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig. 3-3 Daily load diagram, for a typical day in January 2010

In Fig. 3-4 is shown on the characteristic diagram day of the month in January 2010 who answered one of the reference points by ENTSO/E. In this diagram presents two curves which realized consumption, while the other latent consumption based on data recorded in the Dispatching diary in KOSTT. Reducing the load on normal working conditions of the country's power system usually occur in two generations time consumption: 9:00 to 12:00 and 17:00 to 23:00. The difference between maximum and minimum value of winter load for 2010 is around 383MW or 36% of the peak

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 29 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig 3-4 Daily load diagram for a typical day in January 2010 Figure 3-5 provides a daily chart for a typical day in July 2010. There is no load shedding in this chart, and the difference between maximum and minimum values of daily loads is 51%. In this time period, this difference in loads makes it very difficult to balance the system, especially after midnight, when loads are minimal, and fall under the boundaries of technical minimums of existing plants.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 30 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig. 3-5 Daily load chart for a typical day in July 2010

3.4

Long term forecasts of demand 2012-2021

The power and load forecast is based on the forecast provided by the document approved by ERO: “Long Term electricity Demand 2011-2020”, thereby adding 2021. For forecasting power and load demands in Kosovo, a complex mathematic model was created in Excel, which relates the influence of four variables (correction factors) in calculating power and electricity demands. The above-mentioned factors are presented in the following:

Factor 1: Implementation of the Government program for efficient electricity use;

Factor 2: Reduction of consumption due to a more efficient billing, and more effective metering and checking procedures (reduction of commercial losses);

Factor 3: Influence of GDP forecast in consumption development;

Factor 4: Forecasting technical losses in transmission and distribution networks

The forecast of demand development for power in the period 2012-2021 according to three scenarios of growth is presented by figure 3-6, while numerical data corresponding with figure 3-6 are presented in the table 3-2.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 31 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning The basic scenario of load development is characterized by an average annual growth of 2.53%. This load development scenario shall be the main input in assessing operational performance of the transmission network.

Figure 3-6. Low, basic (average) and high growth scenarios for peak loads (maximum load)

Table 3-2. Respective data of peak forecast, related to Figure 3-6

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 32 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

GENERATION CAPACITIES OF KOSOVO POWER SYSTEM

4.1

Introduction

Electricity in Kosovo is produced by two relatively large power plants: PP Kosovo A and Kosovo B. These two power plants use coal - lignite as fuel. Pursuant to the Government Energy Program, it has been foreseen that in the period between 2016-2017, capital overhauls will be performed on B1 and B2 units, which is to reflect on reliability of operation of these two units. Units A3, A4 and A5 of the TPP Kosova A according to the Energy Strategy 2009-2018, shall be operating until the end of 2017, until they are ultimately decommissioned. Table 4-1. Main features of Kosovo A and Kosovo B generation units TPP Unit Capacity [MW] GENERATION UNIT

Instaled

Net

Available min/max

Fuel

ton/MW

Eficience

Start

TPP KOSOVA A UNIT A3 UNIT A4 UNITA5

200 200 210

182 182 187

100-130 100-130 100-135

Lignit/naphtha Lignit/naphtha Lignit/naphtha

1.7-1.9 1.7-1.9 1.7-1.9

23-24.5* 23-24.5 23-24.6

1970 1971 1975

TC KOSOVA B UNITB1 UNITB2

339 339

310 310

180-260** 180-280**

Lignit/naphtha Lignit/naphtha

1.4 -1.45 1.4 -1.46

31.5- 32 31.5- 32

1983 1984

Apart from Kosovo A and B power plants, managed by KEK, there is also a hydro-power plant Ujmani (2x17.5MW), managed by the HPP IbĂŤr-Lepenci. There are also low capacity hydro-power plants in operation. The table 4-2 provides the key data on small HPP-s connected to the distribution network.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 33 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning Table 4-2. Main features of existing hydro-power plants of Kosovo HPP Unit Capacity [MW] Instaled Net Available

GE. UNIT HPP UJMANI G1 G2 HPPLUMBARDHI* G1 G2 HPP BURIMI G1 G2 HPP DIKANCE* G1 G2 HPP RADAVC G1 G2

4.2

Start

17.5 17.5

16 16

1983 1983

4.04 4.04

4.00 4.00

1957 (2005) 1957 (2005)

0.34 0.136

0.34 0.13

1948(2010) 1948(2010)

0.67 0.67

0.66 0.66

1957(2010) 1957(2010)

0.14 0.14

0.66 0.66 0.00 0.14 0.14

1934 (2010) 1934 (2010)

Planning of the new generating units

Estimates of new generating units for the period 2012-2021 is designed based on the expected generation from existing generating units, including the continued operation of some units of PP Kosovo A until 2017, existing hydro plants and new ones planned to be built,

well

production

from

"New

Kosovo"

and

Zhuri.

In order to achieve the objectives in the energy sector under the Energy Strategy in the next 10 years numerous activities are expected to improve or increase generating capacity in the country in the following manner: Â&#x192;

Generation from PP Kosovo A units A3, A4 and A5 to be operational. To achieve the operation of these units until the end 2017 when it will be de-commissioned in accordance with European Directive on fossil fuel plants, it takes investment for maintenance and repairs due to aging of the plant and also obsolete technology.

Â&#x192;

Generation of PP Kosovo B, B1 and B2 units in operation. It is expected that these two units will be rehabilitated during the period 2014 - 2015, including the investments needed to meet gas

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 34 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning emission standards required by European Directive on fossil fuel plants. Then, these units will continue operating until 2027 to 2030

Generation from HP Ujmani after maintenance and rehabilitation can continue operating for a long period of time.

Generation from the small hydro plants: Lumbardhi, Dikanci, Burimi and Radavci.

Generation from HP Zhuri expected to be built by 2015 and start operating in 2016.

Generation of new generating units from PP "New Kosovo". The first generating unit expected to enter into operation in 2017.

4.3

Renewable sources

According to European Directive 20-20-20 Renewable Energy Directive, until 2020, 20% of total electricity produced should be produced from renewable sources such as wind power plants, hydropower plants, etc. Kosovo has as well set a strategic objective of achieving these goals. Renewable energy sources in Kosovo do not have a high potential, both in water and wind sources. There are still certain areas with such potential, which must be harnessed. 4.3.1 Small hydro plants Based on the strategy of the Ministry of Energy and Mines for renewable energy, it is foreseen that during the period 2012-2021, about 16 small hydropower plants will be built, with total installed capacity of 60 MW. As well as existing small hydropower plants will be rehabilitated and will come into operation. In terms of impact on operational performance of the transmission network, development of small HPP-s, which would mainly be connected at distribution networks, should have a positive impact. Injection of generation in end points of grid reduces the load flows at transmission levels. 4.3.2 Wind energy The approval of incentive tariffs by the ERO for renewable energy generators, such as wind energy parks, already provides much more favorable conditions for potential investors. Throughout Europe, Kosovo included, there is a growing tendency of investors applying to

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 35 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning obtain the rights to connect various wind turbine capacities to the network. Numerous studies have shown that in regions where annual average velocities of wind, at a 50 m height, are >5 m/s, there is economic feasibility for installing wind energy capacities. The basic factor in investing in a certain area is the potential and velocity profiles in a year. Since 2009, several foreign investors have applied to connect to the network, thereby proposing development of total capacity of 157 MW. So far, KOSTT has received three applications for connection of wind turbines in the electricity network: •

Shtime 1 project with a capacity of 100 MW, the southeastern part of Kosovo

•

Shtime 2 project with a capacity of 27 MW, the southeastern part of Kosovo

•

Kitka project with a capacity of 30 MW-eastern part of Kosovo1.

For all three applications, KOSTT has clearly provided the manners and configuration of connection to the transmission network. Currently in Kosovo there are no assessment maps of wind potential, whilst investors on their own initiative have undertaken the measurement of the wind speed in certain areas. The figure 4-1 shows a general wind potential map for the Western Balkan region, namely annual wind speed, as obtained from http://interface.vortex.es (50 m height)

A connection agreement was signed by KOSTT and investor in Kitka, while the difficulty remains in crediting investment, finance to be obtained by the investor by loaning from international banks.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 36 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

fig. 4-1 Wind map, Balkan Region (source: http://interface.vortex.es)

In technical aspect, these applications mainly have connection possibility in 110kV voltage level. Transmission network in aspect of power flow, can integrate wind generation capacities that are accepted as applications for connection, however in aspect of balance the system these capacities with a vary variable nature and difficulty of predicting can cause problems for System Operator from the fact that our Power System presently has no sufficient regulation reserves. This fact can change in the future, if development plans of new generation capacities are realized with conventional generators, which as a result shall have increase of regulation reserves that shall cover for unpredictable variability of generation from wind turbines.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 37 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

KOSOVO TRANSMISSION NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

5.1

History of the transmission network Kosovo Transmission Network during the years has been developed in several stages

of expansion, reinforcement and consolidation. Between 1953 and 1958, the first line of 110 kV was built in Kosovo, Novi Pazar (Serbia) until Butel (Macedonia), by interconnecting the substations (SS): SS Vallaรง, Trepca SS, SS Vucitrn, SS Kosovo A, SS Prishtina 1 and SS Prishtina 4, SS Ferizaj 1 and SS Sharri. 110 kV conductor built in the initial development of the network were 110 kV cross section conductors of 150mm2. In 1960 the first line of 220 kV was built in Kosovo, SS Krushevci (Serbia) to SS Kosovo A, which was at that time in the construction phase. From 1962 to 1975 it was constructed (PP) Kosovo A with its five units. In 1978 was built the first line of 400 kV in Kosovo connecting to the SS Nish (Serbia) with SS Skopje (Macedonia) through SS Kosovo B. In 1981 was built the HP Ujmani connected through 110 kV line with SS Vallaรงi. In 1983 was built the second line of 400 kV of the interconnection Ribarevina (Montenegro) to SS Kosovo B, two 400 kV lines connecting TP Kosovo B (1983) with SS Kosovo B. In the same year it was built the 220 kV lines from SS Kosova B to SS Prizren 2, through the switch gear Drenas. In the same year was also built the second 220 kV line to Drenas followed by the double line for the supply of industrial facilities of Feronikeli. In 1988 was built the interconnection 220 kV line from SS Prizren 2 to Hydro power plant (HPP) Fierza (Albania), also in the same year it was built the 220 kV double lines from the SS Kosovo B to SS Prishtina 4. Also in the mid 70s and 80s the network of 110 kV undertook visible development, using conductors of the large section of 240mm2. The year 1991 represents the end of investments in transmission network for a period of 10 years until 2001, which represents a break of 10 years without investing in the development of the transmission network. This can be seen in figure 5-1 and figure 5-2.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 38 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig. 5-1 Intensity of investments in lines through the years 1980-2010

Fig. 5-2 Intensity of investments in substations 1980-2010

After the war in Kosovo, the condition of the SEE in Kosovo was dire, in generation, transmission and distribution areas. Emergency investments in the SEE begun at this time, supported by the Kosovo Budget and international donors. Due to great demand, the transmission network did not match the rapid consumption growth marked after 2020. the table 5-1 shows relevant projects completed in the transmission network until the establishment of KOSTT.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 39 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Tab. 5-1 Projects implemented 2000-2006

5.2

Transmission network infrastructure development – 2012-2021

5.2.1 Introduction This chapter presents and examines the development projects of the transmission network in the period 2011-2021. Considering the planning process of the transmission network as an extremely complex process, with greater dependence on many factors, the ten-year domain that defines this document is divided into two periods: first five years 20122016 and the second period of five years, 2017 – 2021. The first period of five years is considered relevant and influential in the long term development of the network and with high probability of implementation and as such the projects that are included in this period of time are analyzed in detail. Second period of 2017-2021 includes optional projects in a comprehensive manner that have internal or regional character for which KOSTT considers their importance and their contribution in achieving the technical standards for operation of the transmission system in order to support the electricity market. Development projects of the transmission network are divided into five categories:

Transmission network reinforcements

New load connections (connection applications)

Rehabilitation of the transmission network

Supporting projects of the transmission system (management, monitoring, measurement and control).

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 40 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning All projects are presented in the following tables separated in the above mentioned categories. List of projects includes projects that are in various stages of planning or implementation:

Projects that are in construction phase

Projects approved, in the process of specification or procurement

Projects for which applications by third parties have been submitted for connection to the transmission network.

Projects considered necessary to the transmission network in planning, and are in pre-feasibility stage.

KEK - Distribution Projects that are included in the first development plan and with a low certainty of implementation Projects of a strategic nature2 with impact into the transmission network are in the public process of

planning. Because of considerable complex dependence on the various factors for the implementation of the projects, the time and manner of such implementation can be considered as subject to possible changes and as such the next document will revise the data and update them. Tables contain the project identification codes (ID), a general description of the project, the expected completion time and reasons and effects of project implementation.

5.3

Development projects completed during the period 2006- 2010

The unbundling of the Transmission and System Operator from the vertically integrated company, KEK, fostered a rapid development, focused on reinforcing capacities of the transmission network, increasing reliability and security of supply in consumption. Financial support from the Kosovo budget, donors, engagement of the professional staff at KOSTT, by clearly defining development priorities, have largely influenced the implementation of many projects of utmost importance for the transmission system, and generally the power 2

Based on 2009 – 2018 Electricity sector Strategy

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 41 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning system. During the period between 2006-2010, substantial investments were made in the transmission network, in compliance with objectives and aims identified with the long-term development plan for the transmission system. If one would refer to earlier development plans as approved by the ERO, it may be considered that the completion rate of projects planned is rather good. The following table shows all projects related to grid reinforcement, completed during the period 2006 - 2010. Tab.5-2 Projects in grid reinforcement, completed during the period from 2006 until 2010.

Such an increase of the transmission infrastructure requires support by advanced technology, based on current criteria and standards relating to the conduct of modern transmission systems. For this purpose KOSTT has implemented many important projects that belong to the category of system support. In the framework of these projects include: modernization of defense equipment, modernization of the system and command transmitter. Table 5-3 lists the projects is carried out until the third quarter of 2011. Major project realized in the

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 42 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning category of projects supporting the system is SCADA / EMS project completed in June of 2011. Tab 5-3 System supporting projects completed from 2006 until Q2 2011

Parallel with consolidation of transmission network capacities, KOSTT has planned a rehabilitation program for substations and high voltage equipment, at a view of increasing reliability of security of transmission system operations. A considerable number of projects, part of high priority project list, has already been implemented. Results of investment in this category of projects are rather encouraging, due to the fact that the number of outages due to failure of high voltage equipment in the recent years has visibly decreased. Table 5-4 shows projects completed by the third quarter of 2011. Tab.5-4 Substation rehabilitation category projects, completed by Q3-2011. Title of project

Technical description Rehabilitation of all 110 kV fields in lines and transformers, systems of protection, control and measurement

Year 2009

Rehabiliation of Substation SS Prishtina 1

Total rehabilitation of substation: All 220 and 110 kV fields in lines, transformers, systems of protection, control and measurement

2010

Rehabiliation of Substation SS Kosova A

Rehabiliation of Substation Kosova B

Rehabilitation of all high pressure equipment , 400 and 220 kV levels

20102011

Tables 5-2, 5-3 and 5-4 show that years 2009 and 2010 were two of the most successful years of KOSTT, thereby implementing 17 projects of high importance for the transmission system.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 43 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning 5.4

Development projects in implementation and in the process

The investment intensity in the transmission system infrastructure continued throughout 2011, thereby pursuing objectives and aims deriving from the long-term development plan of KOSTT. The table 5-5 shows eight projects in implementation during 2011, or in the process of tendering. Tab. 5-5 Projects in implementation, and projects being procured

Five projects from the list pertain to projects of enforcement of transmission capacities. Major projects: Project Pack Ferizaj 2 was commissioned on 18 October 2011, apart from the 110kV line SS Ferizaj 2- SS Gjilan 5, which was built, but due to delay in developing the SS Gjilani 5, it was commissioned to work without load, while the project for the new 400 kV interconnection line SS Kosovo B â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SS Kashar, is in the process of bidder selection, and is expected to be commissioned in 2014.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 44 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Within the process of development, rehabilitation and modernization of the KOSTT infrastructure, additional activities were planned with a view of enhancing security and operational reliability of the transmission system. The following table provides a list of projects planned to be completed this year, and in the following year 2012. Table 5-6. Substation Rehabilitation and modernization projects 2011-2012

5.5

Project-applications for connection to the transmission network, ongoing and in development, during the period 2010-2011

Between 2009 until August 2011, KOSTT has received 15 applications for connection to the transmission network. All applications were analyzed and reviewed pursuant to the connection tariff methodology applicable at KOSTT, as approved by the ERO. Five of these applications are for connection of new distribution substations (KEK-DSO), three request connection of wind energy parks, and seven are related to reinforcement of distribution capacities (KEK-DSO). Some of the applications for connection with the transmission network are already complete projects (in operation), some of them were left incomplete, and their further status is unknown. From the three wind energy park applications, only one applicant (Kitka Project) signed the connection agreement, while the two others have stalled. On the other hand, the KEK-DSO application for SS Vaganica was also halted, and its status remains unclear. Another application received from the MTI (Ministry of Trade and Industry) for the industrial park supply was halted, and there is no further activity from the applicant. in the

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 45 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning following points, the applications for connection to the transmission network which were completed and expected to realize are provided. Tab. 5-7 List of applications for connection to transmission network 2010-2012

5.6

List of new development projects planned for the period 2012-2021

The following is a list of projects planned as per category, as an outcome of an optimal selection of various scenarios of network reinforcement during the planning process. These projects span through the period 2012-2021. The projects are presented in tables categorized as per respective specifics. A large number of these projects is part of the Development Plan 2010-2019, as approved by the ERO, while there are some new projects, resulting from a detailed analysis of the network during the planning process. Factors considered influential in redesigning some earlier projects, in changing their implementation period, and selection of some new projects, are processes which are not dependent on KOSTT, such as: applications for new power or generation connections, funding security aspects, property

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 46 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning expropriations, etc. for the reasons mentioned above, the planning process and projects selected are adapted to the changes which pursued in the meantime. 5.5.1 The list of new projects in the category of transmission network reinforcement The table 5-8 provides a list of projects planned for the next 10 years, which are considered to be influential in establishing network capacities, pursuant to requirements of the Grid Code. Projects are sorted by their planned implementation period. Some of the projects should be funded or co-funded by donors such as the IPA 2011 program, KfW etc. The commissioning date of the projects will depend on procedures implemented by donors. Network performance analysis has shown that projects such as second transformer at SS Peja 3 are necessary much earlier (2012-2013), but due to their incorporation with the IPA 2011 program, cannot be implemented earlier. For the IPA 2012 program, a certain number of projects have been proposed, as shown by table 5-8. The vast majority of investments is to be made by KOSTT with soft loans offered by the German Bank for Reconstruction (KfW), while the remaining part shall be a donation of the European Union.

New 110 kV line SS Rahovec- SS Theranda -Development of new 110 kV line (15km)

Revitalization of 110 kV line: L155/2 in coordination with development of SS Leposaviq 110/10kV

T&D-L/DRAGASH

T-L/RAH

PROJECTS: REINFORCEMENT of the TRANSMISSION NETWORK (2012-2021) Project name Technical description Reason for development

TRIV/L155/2

N O ID

Table 5-8 List of projects planned for reinforcement of transmission network 2012-2021 Year

a) 15km, Al.Çe240mm2 b) 110 kV line field in SS Theranda

Elimination of radial supply. Criterion N-1

Q32013

(a) Replacement the line conductor from and earthing wire up to Leposaviq (14km) (b) Reinforcement of portal type towers and replacement of existing insulators with composite insulator

Reinforcement of transmission capacities and load support

Q42013

SS Dragashi and new 110 kV line SS Kukës-SS Dragash- SS Prizren 2 a) Construction of new 110kV Line SS Prizren 2 - SS Dragash, 21km; b) SS Dragash - SS Kukës, 39km.

(a) SS Dragashi, 2 transformers field, 2 lines field and one coupling field b) Line, 8km, ACSR 240mm2 from SS Prizreni 2 up to Zhur (double towers). c) Double circuit line 13km,ACSR 2x240mm2 from Zhuri up to SS Dragashi d) One circuit line 26km, ACSR 240mm2 from Zhuri up to Kukës

Optimisation of the operation of two systems of Kosovo and Albania. Quality and reliable supply for Dragash. Reduction the power flows in SS Prizren 1.

Q22014

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 47 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

T-RIV/L163/1 T-ATR/PEJA3

T-ATR/FER-2

AT2-300 MVA at SS FERIZAJ 2 a) Installation of second AT 300 MVA, 400/110 kV and construction of transformer. basements; (b) Construction of transformer fields. New line 110 kV SS Peja 3- SS Peja 1 and revitalization of SS Peja 1 a) Construction of new 28 km new line b) Revitalisation of SS Peja 1 (110kV side)

T-RIV/L126/5

AT2-300 MVA at SS PEJA3 a) Installation of second AT 300 MVA, 400/110 kVsi and construction of transformer basements; (b) Construction of transformers field

T-RIV/L118/3

Revitalization of 110 kV line: L163/1 a) Replacement of phase conductors and earth wiring (b) Reinforcement of towers and replacement of insulators

T-L PEJA3-PEJA1

(from border up to Kukës 17km)

Revitalization of 110 kV line: L126/2 SS Peja 2- SS Deçan a) Replacement of phase conductors and earth wiring (b) Reinforcement of towers and replacement of insulators

Revitalization of 110 kV line: L179/1 a)Replacement of phase conductors and earth wiring (b) Reinforcement of towers and replacement of insulators

(a) Replacement the line conductor from 150mm2 to 240mm2, 32km , from SS Kosova A up to SS Vallaqi; (b) Reinforcement of portal type towers and replacement of existing insulators with composite insulator

(a) One transformer 300 MVA, 400/110 kV; (b) Installing high voltage equipment for transformer field 400 kV and 110 kV

(a) One AT at a capacity of 300 MVA, 400/110 kV; (b) Installation of high voltage equipment for transformer fields 400 kV and 110 kV a) 28km, ACSR 240mm2; b) Line field in SS Peja 3; c) Revitalisation of SS Peja 1,the equipment and system busbar at 110kV level, passing in double busbar system and GIS system 110kV equipment .

(a) Replacement the line conductor from 150mm2 to 240mm2, 14.57 km from SS Peja 2 up to SS Deçan (b) Reinforcement of portal type towers and replacement of existing insulators with composite insulator

a) Replacement the line conductor from 150mm2 to 240mm2, 4.69 km from SS Prizreni 1 up to NS Prizreni 3 b) Reinforcement of portal type towers and replacement of existing insulators with composite insulator

Increased transmission capacity of the line from 83 MVA to 114 MVA in order to reduce power losses, improving the security criteria N-1 for the ring 110 kV substations Kosovo-ABardhi Vaganica-Vallaq

Q42014

Q2Increasing the transformation capacity and fulfillme 2015

Increasing the transformation capacity and fulfillment of N-1 security criterion .

Q42015

Construction of transmission line enables meeting the N-1 Revitalisation of SS Peja 1 also leads to increased safety and reliability of system operation. Increased transmission capacity of the line from 83 MVA to 114 MVA in order to reduce power losses, improving the security criteria N-1 for the ring 110 kV substations Peja3-Peja1Peja2-Deçan –Gjakova1. Increased transmission capacity of the line from 83 MVA to 114 MVA in order to reduce power losses, improving the security criteria N-1 for the ring 110 kV substations TherandëPrizren 3- Prizren 1.

Q42016

Q32016

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 48 of 125

TL PZ1-PZ2

a) 3.5km, ACSR 240mm2 b) 110kV Line field in SS Prizren 2 c) 110kV Line field in SS Prizren 1

New 110 kV line SS Peja 1- SS Deçan - Construction of a new 16 km line

a) 16km, ACSR 240mm2 b)110kV Line field in SS Peja 1 c) 110kV Line field in SS Deçan (a) Replacement the line conductor from 150mm2 to 240mm2, 7.3km from SS Prishtina 2 up to SS Kosova A (b) Reinforcement of portal type towers and replacement of existing insulators with composite insulator.

a) 32km, ACSR 240mm2 b) 110kV Line field in SS Peja 3 c) 110kV Line field in SS Mitrovica 2

Revitalization of the line 110 kV: L118/1 a)Replacement of phase conductors and earth wiring (b) Reinforcement of towers and replacement of insulators

New 110 kV line SS Peja 3- SS Mitrovica 2 - Construction of a new 32 km line

T/RING_400kV

T-RIV/L118/1

a) 25km, ACSR 240mm2; b) 110kV Line field in SS Peja 3 c) b) 110kV Line field in HPP Ujmani

New 110 kV line SS Prizren 1- SS Prizren 2 a) Construction new line, 3.5km

T-L/PEJ_MIT

New 110 kV line SS Peja 3- HPP Ujmani – Construction new line 25km

T-L/PEJ1-DEÇ

TL-PEJ3-UJM

Office: Long-term development and planning

Package roject pack RINGROAD 400kV GJAKOVA-PRIZRENFERIZAJ - Construction of distribution station 400kV DS Gjakova 3 - Development of SS Prizreni 4, 400/110kV - Development of 400kV line: DS Gjakova 3- SS Prizreni 4

(a) Construction of the switching yard 400kV SY Gjakova 3, 3 lines field and one coupling field (b) Construction of SS Prizreni 4, 400/110kV, 1x300MVA close to SS Prizreni 2, 2 lines field 400kV and one coupling field 400kV c) Construction of line 400kV, 31.5km from SY Gjakova 3 up to SS Prizreni 4 d) Construction of line 400kV ,56.5km SS Prizreni 4- SS Ferizaj 2

Reinforcement the capacity of transmission and meeting of N-1

Q22017

The continuous growth of consumption in the Prizren region endangering the security of supply substations ring Prizren 1, Prizren 3, Theranda. Construction of new transmission line will enable meeting the N-1. .

Q32018

Reinforcement the capacity of transmission and meeting of N-1 criterion in the Dukagjini area Increased transmission capacity of the line from 83 MVA to 114 MVA in order to reduce power losses, improving the security criteria N-1 for the ring 110 kV substations Kosova APrishtina 1- Prishtina 4 Reinforcement the capacity of transmission and meeting of N-1 criterion in the Mitrovice area.

Configuration in the form of loops of the 400 kV network in order to optimize the power flows , and support of the new generation and load

Q22019

Q22020

Q32021

Q42021

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 49 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning 5.6.2 Projects planned for the category of revitalization of KOSTT substations The following table contains a list of projects related to the process of revitalization of substations managed by KOSTT.

TD/R_PZ3

Revitalization of HV equipment at SS Theranda - Is related to the new line project SS Rahovec-SS Theranda

TD/R_PZ3 T/CB_PR4

Replacement of circuit breakers in SS Prishtina 4

TD/R_PZ3

Revitalization of HV equipment in SS Vallaqi

Revitalization of HV equipment in SS Klina

TD/R_PZ3

Revitalization of HV equipment at SS Prizreni 3

TD/R_THER

Revitalization of HV equipment at SS Gjakova 2

TD/R_THER

PROJECTS OF CATEGORY: REVITALIZATION OF SS (KOSTT) - (2012-2021) Project Title Technical Description Rationale

TD/R_GJA2

No ID

Tab. 5-9. List of projects of the category of revitalization of substations

Revitalization of HV equipment in SS Lipjan

Revitalization of HV equipment in SS Vitia

(a) Replacement of three (3) 110 kV line fields, replacement of (2) transformer fields 110 kV, and one 110 kV connection field. Replacement of protective equipment for all line fields

Year

Increased security and reliability of operation of this 31-year old substation

Q42012

(a) Replacement of three (3) 110 kV line fields, replacement of (2) transformer fields 110 kV, and one 110 kV connection field. Replacement of protective equipment for all line fields

Increased security and reliability of operation of this substation, important for the supply of some consumption in Prizren

Q42012

(a) Replacement of three (3) 110 kV line fields, replacement of (2) transformer fields 110 kV, and one 110 kV connection field. b) Transition to double bus bar system

Increased security and reliability of operation of the substation 36 years old. Optimisation through coupling field

Q32013

a) Replacement of 5 110 kV line fields, b) replacement of two transformer fields 110 kV. b) Replacement of 110 kV bus bar system, portals and development of a connection field 110 kV.

Increased security and reliability of operation of this substation

Q42013

Replacement of circuit breakers110kV and 220kV except two ATR3 field

Increased security and reliability of operation of this substation

Q42016

(a) Replacement of 2 110 kV line fields, replacement of (2) transformers field 110 kV

Increased security and reliability of operation of this substation

Q22018

(a) Replacement of 2 110 kV line fields, replacement of one transformer fields 110 kV

Increased security and reliability of operation of this important substation for supply to a part of the consumption of KlinĂŤs

(a) Replacement of one 110 kV line field, replacement of (2) transformer fields 110 kV, and c) changing into double busbar system with coupling field 110 kV

Increased security and reliability of operation of this substation, important for supply of Lipjan consumption

Q22019

Q22021

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 50 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning 5.6.3 Projects planned in the category of supporting transmission system operation The following table provides the projects planned in the category of supporting transmission system operation. This list was selected through an identification of transmission system in complying to technical requirements as per Grid Code and those recommended by ENTSO/E.

OPGW installation at interconnection lines 400 kV - Installation of telecommunication routes with optical fiber, in 400 and 220 kV interconnection lines up to the borders.

INTER-TSO Meters - Installation of metering points at cross border lines, in compliance with the Metering Code

T/GIS-SYSTEM

T/TELEK_OPGW

PROJECTS IN CATEGORY: REVITALIZATION OF SS (KOSTT) - (2012-2021) Project Title Technical description Rationale

T/MAT_METERS

No ID

Tab. 5-10. List of projects in the category of support to system operation; 2012-2021

GIS System supporting the Transmission System

a) Existing earthing wire 65mm2 in 400 kV lines up to border, will be replaced with earthing wire with the same dimensions containing the optical fiber 96

(a) Existing earthing wire 65mm2 in 400 kV lines up to border, will be replaced with earthing wire with the same dimensions containing the optical fiber 48

(a) Installation of two-core metering transformers for commercial metering, same characteristics in 400, 220 and 110 kV interconnection lines (b) Replacement of existing meters with meters compliant to the Metering Code

The project will enable the completion of meters installation in border in accordance with the Metering Code.

(a) Full set of remote controlled equipment: laser locator, thermal camera, digital area photo camera, GPS equipped, internal navigation system (b) Respective software for data integration and processing from equipment, and CAD and GIS data presentation

Increasing the maintenance level of lines and substations . Processing of the towers data , track lines, identification of properties by cross lines, etc.

Year

Q32015

Q42015

Q22016

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 51 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning 5.7

Technical description of projects planned in transmission

5.7.1 Introduction The first stage of transmission network consolidation was completed with the completion of the projects: SS Peja 3, L112 line, AT 150 MVA at SS Kosovo A. The second stage of transmission network reinforcement, expected to end in 2012, is characterized as a stage aiming for increased reliability and network security, in terms of N-1 criterion. This stage is dominated by the major project SS Ferizaj 2, which on 18th of October of this year (2011) was commissioned successfully. The transmission network planning process, based on high voltage line planning criteria, is a dynamic one, and as such, it aims for fulfillment of technical criteria which in the long term secure a safe prospect of load and generation development . The following is a description of development projects from the list of projects planned for the period 2012-2021. A series of projects planned to complete by the end of 2021 will bring the transmission network to a condition which guarantees security and high reliability in operation, in full accordance with the Grid Code. This period includes projects which influence directly the reinforcement of the transmission network, substation revitalization projects and load support projects, for which the parties have applied to KOSTT for connection to the transmission network. The following paragraphs present the impacts of main projects during the period between 2012-2016 as per project category, and listing as per implementation period aimed. 5.7.2 Transmission network reinforcement projects The following are descriptions detailed for projects planned, pertaining to the category of reinforcement of network, or increase of transmission network capacities for the planning period 2012-2021. Â&#x192;

Project: New 110 kV line SS Rahovec - SS Theranda

Radial load supply (island) for SS Rahovec as of today is not really preferred, since the N-1 security criterion, while the process of single-line maintenance causes lack of supply for as

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 52 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning long as line and equipment maintenance goes on in both sides thereof. Computer simulations undertaken on several options for a new connection for SS Rahovec, a comparison of results as per key planning criteria; technical and economic criteria have defined that the new 110 kV line from SS Rahovec must be connected to SS Theranda. On this occasion, a new 110 kV ring is created: SS Prizren 2 – SS Rahovec – SS Therandë – SS Prizren 3 – SS Prizren 1. The 110kV, 240mm2 line shall be approximately 15km long. This project must be coordinated with the SS Theranda equipment revitalization project, which plans for replacement of 110 kV voltage equipment, and transition to the double bus bar system. At SS Rahovec there is already a 110 kV line field, while at SS Theranda a new line field needs to be developed. The figure 5-2 shows the geographical location of the new line. The project is planned to complete by the third quarter of 2013.

Figure 5-2. Geographical location of the 110 kV line SS Rahovec – SS Therandë

Project: SS Dragash and 110 kV line SS Kukës-SS Dragash- SS Prizren 2

The project includes the development of SS Dragash 110/10(20)kV to be supplied with two lines: SS Dragashi – SS Prizreni 2 (21km) and SS Dragashi - SS Kukës (39km). From Zhur to Dragash, the line shall be double, while from Prizren 2 to Zhur, the line will be single, but with doubled pillars, so that the other pillar line is used for the HPP Zhur project. the Figure 5-3 presents the geographical location of the project, with relevant data. The project

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 53 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning coordinated between KOSTT and KEK-DSO is considered to be of importance for both parties. For KEK_DSO the project allows for a better supply for the southern area of Kosovo (Dragash and surroundings), reduction of technical losses at distribution, and relief of 110/35kV transformers at SS Prizreni 1. The project is expected to be operational by the second quarter of 2014. In terms of benefits created by the transmission system project, we can underline a few: - Optimization of load flows between two systems KOSTT (Kosovo) and OST (Albania), and minimization of electricity generation costs for both system generators. - Relief of load from 110kV lines SS Prizren 1-SS Prizren 2 and SS Prizren 1-SS Prizren 3, equivalent to the Dragash load. - Exchange of electricity surpluses between systems, which can be facilitated by radial operation. - Secure supply for SS Dragash and SS KukĂŤs, thereby fulfilling the N-1 criterion (outage of a line does not interrupt supply for SS Dragash or SS KukĂŤs, due to doubled supply)

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 54 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Figure 5-3. SS Dragash Project, and 110 kV line with SS Kukës.

Project: Second AT 300MVA at SS PEJA 3,400/110kV

The consistent increase of the load in the Dukagjini Plain region directly influences the increased load in the single AT 300MVA at SS Peja 3. Computer analysis have shown that during winter peak 2012-2013, around 3% (260 hours) of the year, the substation Peja 3 operates at risk as per security criterion N-1. The percentage of hours at risk will continue to

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 55 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning grow for 5% for the winter peak 2013-2014, and 7% for the winter peak in 2014-2015. Based on planning criteria, the need for a second transformer at SS Peja is rather pressing, but due to financial limitations, this project was proposed for support from the IPA 2011 program. European Union procedures for funding and implementing projects to be supported by the IPA program determine the time of project commissioning, and this time is expected to be the second quarter of 2015.

Project: Second AT 300MVA at SS FERIZAJ 2, 400/110kV

A consistent increase of load in southeast Kosovo (Ferizaj, Viti, Sharr, Gjilan, Therandë) influences directly in the increased load on the single AT 300MVA at SS Ferizaj 2. The second AT will influence the increased load flows from 400kV to the 110kV level at SS Ferizaj 2, thereby relieving sensibly the load on AT-s SS Kosova A and SS Prishtina 4. With the installation of the second auto-transformer, the substation Ferizaj 2, will comply to the N-1 criterion for a long term, thereby increasing transformation capacities of the transmission system for 300MVA. A project similar to the SS Peja 3 auto-transformer project will be funded by the IPA 2011 program, which its commissioning is expected in the fourth quarter of 2015. The project funds the installation of AT2/300MVA/400/110kV, from a transformer field 400kV and 110kV.

New 110 kV line SS Peja 3- SS Peja 1, and revitalization of SS Peja 1

Following completion of the L1806 line allocation project from SS Gjakova 2 to SS Gjakova 1, the Dukagjini Plain area will comply fully to the criterion N-1. Based on a long term load forecast, and based on computer simulations, the security criterion N-1 will not be complied with until after 2015. A critical outage would be the outage of 110 kV line SS Peja 3-SS Peja 1, in which case there would be an overload in the line SS Gjakova 1- SS Deçan and SS Peja 3 - SS Klina. For this reason, to eliminate this problem, it is necessary to build a second 110 kV supply line, 240mm2, at a length of 28km, from SS Peja 3 to SS Peja 1. The project should be coordinated with the SS Peja 1 revitalization project, which provides for a full rehabilitation of 110 kV equipment, and transition to the double bus bar system. This project is proposed for funding from the IPA 2012 program, while the commissioning of the project is expected in the fourth quarter of 2016. Due to an over-urbanized area close to the Peja 1

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 56 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning substation, the five pillars close to the substation must be constructed instead of existing pillars, and they must be doubled. If there are problems in property expropriation, an optional solution will be to dismantle the existing line, and construction of a new doubled line, thereby avoiding a new route. The figure 5-4 shows a geographical position of the project.

Figure 5-4. Second line SS Peja 3- SS Peja 1

Project: New 110 kV line SS Peja 3- HPP Ujmani

A consistent growth of consumption in the Mitrovica region, and a single 110 kV line connecting HPP Ujman with the transmission network, are factors necessitating construction of a new 110 kV line to connect the plant with the strong network node SS Peja 3. The figure 5-5 shows the geographical location of the 25 km long line. This project allows for development of a new 110 kV ringroad, which is important for the optimization of the transmission network for the Mitrovica region. The expected consumption growth in the region, especially due to the Trepca mine, will be more secure in terms of electricity supply, in due consideration of increased transmission capacities. The new line will enable a relief of supply lines for the 110 kV ring SS Kosova A – SS Bardhi – SS Vushtrria 1&2 – SS Trepça. The project is expected to be complete in 2017.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 57 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Figure 5-5. Line SS Peja 3- HPP Ujmani

Â&#x192;

Project: New 110 kV line SS Prizren 1- SS Prizren 2

The consistent growth of load in the Prizren region shall put at risk the N-1 criterion for that area of the transmission network. This risk will be present after 2017, when the peak load in Kosovo is foreseen to be 1340MW. The second 110kV line from SS Prizreni 1 to SS Prizreni 2 is necessary since with the current network configuration, an outage of the line SS Prizren 2- SS Prizreni 3 would cause an overload on the L164/3 line. The project plans for the construction of a new 110 kV line, 240mm2 (114MVA/605A) 3.5 km long, as shown in the figure 5-6. In this case, there are two other options of implementation, depending on difficulty of expropriation and urban obstacles: -

Transformation of the existing L164/3 line to a double line

Underground 110 kV cable

The project is due to be completed by 2018. This project is important for the realization of 110 kV consumption grouping concept as per main substations. The same project is also considered by the Fichner study on redesign of the configuration of the transmission network 400kV and 110kV.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 58 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Figure 5-6. Project – Second 110kV line SS Prizren 1- SS Prizren 2

Project: New 110 kV line SS Peja 1- SS Deçan 2

To realize the creation of connection and disconnection reserves, grouping of distribution points 110kV, avoidance of adverse impacts of sectional power flows between consumption groups, supplied by two substations SS Peja 3 and SS Prizreni 2, it is necessary to build a new 110kV line between SS Peja 1 – SS Deçani. This line would enable an optimization of the Dukagjini area transmission system operation, thereby enabling support for the increasing load, and in full compliance with technical requirements as per Grid Code. The realization of this line would allow for the creation of substations groups: SS Peja 1, SS Peja 2, SS Deçani, SS Klina and SS Burimi, to be supplied only by SS Peja 3, while the relief from the other group would be realized at SS Gjakova 1, by a connection field. The whole group of substations would be supplied in full compliance of the N-1 criterion, while the influences of unplanned outages of 110 kV lines in one of load groups would not affect the other group. This modus operandi should be chosen by system operators at times of peaks, and as such would allow for a higher operational security, thereby enjoying the availability of

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 59 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning capacity connection and disconnection reserves at the 110 kV lines. The figure 5-7 shows the geographical location of the new line, as per 2019 configuration, the expected year of project implementation. The project provides for construction of a new 110 kV line, 15km, AlÇe240mm2 (114MVA/605A) and two line fields at both ends.

Figure 5-7. Project: 110 kV line SS Peja 1- SS Deçan

Project: New 110 kV line SS Peja 3- SS Mitrovica 2

The new 110kV line from SS Peja 3 to SS Mitrovica 2 (planned by KEK-DSO) will be necessary to increase supply capacities for the Mitrovica and Vushtrri regions. The current network configuration in the area would not be able to comply to the N-1 security criterion after 2020, always in reference to the load forecasted for the next 10 years. Depending on the future load development, according to three scenarios, the time of implementation may

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 60 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning be revised. The project is expected to complete in 2021. The project provides for construction of 32km of a new single 110kV line, 240mm2 (114MVA/605A) and two 110 kV line fields, one at SS Peja 3 and the other at SS Mitrovica 2. Figure 5-8 shows the geographical position of the project.

Figure 5-8. Project: 110 kV line SS Peja 3- SS Mitrovica 2

Â&#x192;

Packing Project RING 400kV GJAKOVA-PRIZREN-FERIZAJ

The current 400 kV network configuration is characterized as a star network, where the centre of the star is the SS Kosova B. The optimal configuration of high voltage electricity networks is the ring configuration, which ensures a higher operational flexibility and security in the power system. The expected development in terms of new generation capacities and load forecast, the forecast of increasing flux of loads in regional exchanges, determine the need for reconfiguration of the 400 kV network. Earlier studies, such as ESTAP I, have

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 61 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning recommended the reconfiguration of the 400 kV network in a ring form, thereby avoiding 220 kV network development. Computer simulations undertaken in complex models, which incorporate regional systems, in consideration of new generation capacity development scenarios in the country and the region, and the forecasted load development also in the country and the region, reflect the need for creation of the 400 kV ring in the territory of Kosovo. This configuration is presented as an optional long-term project also in the earlier developments of KOSTT, as approved by the ERO. A detailed study on redesigning of the 400 kV network, and its impact on the Kosovo power system, was undertaken by a German consultancy “Fichner”. The study’s concept recommends the establishment of powerful 400/110 kV nodes, which are to supply load groups, and by establishing capacity reserves in 110 kV lines, with a view of optimization of load flows. Computer simulations in complex models undertaken by KOSTT have shown that the network area of the Prizren region will not be compliant to the N-1 criterion after 2020, due to high impedance of two 220 kV supply lines of SS Prizren 2. A larger problem would occur if the 220 kV interconnection line Fierzë-Prizren 2 would fail. In this case, voltage collapse may occur, coupled with the disconnection of the load at SS Prizren 2. If one would view the transmission network before the construction of the 400 kV ring, one would be able to spot the existence of four powerful and sufficient nodes of transformation to 110kV: SS Peja 3 supplying Dukagjini consumption, SS Ferizaj 2 supplying southeastern part and SS Kosovo A, together with SS Prishtina 4, which mainly supply Prishtina consumption. All these nodes are connected to a powerful horizontal network, while SS Prizren 2 remains connected to a 220 kV network, which is relatively poor. The 400 kV network reconfiguration from the star shape to the ring shape configuration brings about the following benefits:

Allows support for new generation capacities.

Increases reliability and security of the 400 kV network.

Facilitates security of load exchange between Kosovo and regional countries, or transits passing through our country.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 62 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Allows for reconfiguration of the 110 kV network, with a view of optimizing load flows, and optimization of operational conditions of the transmission system

Improves quality of supply for the Prizren Region.

Facilitates maintenance of 400 kV lines.

The ring project is due to be completed in two stages: First stage: Includes construction of the 400 kV distribution station Gjakova 3, which will be positioned very closely to the 400kV interconnection line SS Kosova B – SS Tirana 2, where it should be connected at a length of 51 km from SS Kosovo B, as shown in the figure 5-8. DS Gjakova 3 is expected to perform the function of the new interconnection point in a 400 kV ring. It should include three 400 kV line fields, with a possibility of expansion, and one 400 kV connection field. Simultaneously, the SS Prizreni 4 400/110kV will be developed, which initially will have an installed 300MVA auto-transformer. The substation will be positioned in a sequence to SS Prizreni 2, to use the existing 100 kV bus bars, with a difference in placing a 110 kV sectional bus bar divider. The substation provides also for the development of double 400 kV bus bars, to contain two 400 kV line fields, and sufficient space for reserve line and transformer fields. The figure 5-10 shows the configuration of SS Prizren 4. Both substations would operate in parallel at the 110 kV level, which means the use of existing 3x150MVA auto-transformers at SS Prizren 2. Existing 220/110kV auto-transformers will be used to the end of their life cycle, to be replaced with additional AT-s 400/110kV to be installed at SS Prizreni 4. The distribution substation Gjakova 3, 400kV will be connected by a 400kV line, 2x490mm2 (1316MVA/1900A), at a length of 31.5km with SS Prizren 4, 400/110kV. The first stage is planned to be completed in 2021. Second stage: Includes the stage of ring completion, with the development of a 400 kV line, 56.5 km line from SS Prizren 4 to SS Ferizaj 2, as presented by figure 5-9. The construction of this line may be completed in the period between 2021-2025, and must be in timely coordination with generation capacity development projects, as per Energy Strategy 2009-2018.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 63 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig.5-9 Geographical positioning of the 400 kV ring DS Gjakova 3-SS Prizreni 4- SS Ferizaj 2

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 64 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning RezervĂŤ

SSH GJAKOVA 3

NS FERIZAJ 2

400kV

220kV

Fusha lidhese

3x150MVA 300MVA

110kV

Fusha lidhese

Fusha Rez.

Ndares terthor

110kV

Fusha lidhese Linjat 110kV

Linjat 110kV

Figure 5-10. Single line diagram of modified substation SS Prizren 2, 220/110kV to SS Prizreni 4, 400/110kV

5.7.3 Projects on the re-vitalizing of the lines 110kV

The important factors that are taken into account for determining the list of lines which will have the conductors replaced with larger transmission capacity are: o The age of the lines, o Line overload frequency (N-1) o The level of power losses in the line The first factor is clearly defined; while the second and third factors are identified by computer analysis, thereby simulating load flows for different transmission system operation conditions, in due consideration of perspective development of projects, which would considerably impact the change of load flows in the transmission network. All 110 kV lines with 150mm2 section, in the transmission network, have been analyzed in terms of load losses, thereby pursuing reinforcement at the long term.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 65 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning Lines that are 40 years old and lines with larger losses are listed in the first place. The main objective of this category of projects is to increase the capacity of 110 kV lines with section conductors of 150mm2 (83 MVA), in conductor 240mm2 (114 MVA). Some very old lines mainly have concrete towers and replacement of the existing conductors with conductor on greater weight in mechanical and statically terms require reinforcement of towers, with special emphasis on angular towers. Also portal towers require reinforcement and eventual addition of the towers in order to increase the mechanical stability of the whole line. For the period 2012-2021 are selected the following 110 kV lines that will be reinforced: Â&#x192;

Project: Revitalization of the 155/2 line, in coordination with development of the SS Leposaviq 110/10kV

The new SS Leposaviq 110/10(20)kV is planned to he supplied by the existing cross border line SS Vallaq - SS N.Pazar, which shall be realized by a section close to the SS Leposaviq 35/10kV. The line currently does not have sufficient capacity due to its sectional width (150mm2). On the other hand, this line is one of the oldest lines of the transmission system of Kosovo, therefore its reinforcement is necessary. Replacement of the conductor is planned for 15km of the line, starting from SS Vallaqi to the point where the section is planned to occur in the line L155/2. The figure 5-10 shows the geographical position of the project. The project is due to complete by the second quarter of 2014.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 66 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

fig. 5-11 Revitalization project for the line L155/2 in coordination with construction of SS Leposaviq 110/10(20)kV.

Project: Revitalization of line 163

From all results obtained from computer simulations, the current line L163 from Kosovo A to SS Vallaq at the capacity of 83MVA (150mm2) seems to be more problematic in comparison to other lines (150mm2) which are in the list for replacing conductors. By the end of 2012, the project of reinforcement of SS Bardh supply is expected to be completed, thereby allowing for connection to the existing line SS Kosova A – SS Vallaq. Improvement of capacity of this line should relief its overload, in the case of disconnection of supply line SS Kosova A – SS Vushtrri 2. The project allows for an improvement of security and reliability of supply for the load in the Mitrovica region. The figure 5-11 presents the part of the line planned for revitalization. The Project includes replacement of conductors 150mm2 (83MVA/440A) with 240mm2 (114MVA/605A) conductors, and necessary reinforcement in portal pillars, due to the added load on the conductor. The project is planned to complete by the fourth quarter of 2014.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 67 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig. 5-12 110kV line SS Kosova A – SS Bardhi – SS Vallaq, at length of 38.5km

Revitalization of the 110 kV line: L126/2 Line of 14.57 km connecting SS Peja 2 with SS Deçan, it’s a line built in 1967, which

contains 52 towers of portal type and conductor of 150mm2. Line L126/2, is an important line, segment of the substations ring of 110 kV Peja 3 – Peja 1, - Peja 2 - Deçan-Gjakova 1. The project for the re-vitalizing of this line includes strengthening of the angular towers of the portal form, installing new insulators and changing phase conductors. Protective conductor will be replaced with the project SCADA/EMS. The project will assist in the increase of the transmitting capacities and will assist in improvement of the N-1 security criteria. The project is planned to be finalized in the fourth quarter of 2016.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 68 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig. 5-13 the 110kV line SS Peja 2 – SS Deçan, length of 14.57km

Revitalization of 110 kV line: L179/1

The project provides for replacement of conductors, from 150/25mm2 to 240/40mm2 at a length of 4.69km, from SS Prizren 1 to SS Prizreni 3, as presented by figure 5-13. The project also provides on static reinforcement of existing pillars, placement of new composite insulators, and replacement of phase conductors. The line is an interconnecting segment for the supply of SS Prizren 3. Revitalization of this line shall substantially impact the increase of security and operating reliability of that part of the 110 kV network. The project is planned to be completed by third quarter of 2017.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 69 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig. 5-14 The 110kV line SS Prizren 1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SS Prizren 3, at the length of 4.69 km

Â&#x192;

Re-vitalizing of the line 110 kV: L118/3 Project includes replacement of the conductor from 150/25mm2 to 240/40mm2 in the length of 28.7km in length from SS Ferizaj 2 up to SS Sharri. The project also includes reinforcement of the concrete towers, installment of the new composite insulators and changing of the phase conductor and protective conductor. The line represents a ring segment of the important substation of 110 kV Ferizaj 2 Sharr - Viti - Gjilan 5 which represents one of the oldest lines of 110 kV transmission network so that its re-vitalization will significantly affect the increase of security and operational reliability of that part of the 110 kV network. The project is scheduled to be finalized in 2020.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 70 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig. 5-15 The 110kV line SS Sharr - SS Ferizaj 2, at a length of 28.6 km

5.7.4 Projects for the re-vitalizing of the substations In determining the list of substations that need re-vitalizing the following factors were taken into consideration:

Impact of the failure of the substations in the transmission system The age of the substation Frequency of the failures and damages in the equipments of the high voltage The level of the fault currents in the substations Probability of failures in high voltage equipment begins to rise with age of equipment, especially equipments that are greatly used. Also the substations which are characterized by

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 71 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning large currents failures considerably influenced in the accelerating the loss of their credibility. Based on data archived in KOSTT related to the above mentioned factors a list of substations that need to be re-vitalized in the first five years of the development plan.

Projects: Revitalization of substations SS Prizren 3 and SS Gjakova 2:

These projects are categorized into projects, which increase security and reliability of supply in distribution nodes. The first two substations, SS Prizren 3, 110/10kV and SS Gjakova 2, 110/10kV, are quoted as top priority, based on the above-mentioned factors. The frequency of outages, as a result of age of high voltage equipment, marks a tendency of increase, and therefore, the revitalization of substations SS Prizren 3 (Q3 2012), SS Gjakova 2 (Q42012) in a medium term is more than necessary. The projects provide on replacement of existing 110 kV high voltage equipment with new equipment, pursuant to the Electrical Equipment Code, and replacement of relay protection in line fields with modern numerical protection.

Project: Revitalization of SS Theranda:

This project is of special importance, since it is related to the new 110 kV line SS RahoveciSS Theranda project. The current bus bar (H system) configuration of the SS Theranda does not allow for an optimization of system operation, while representing a difficulty in the process of maintenance. Based on planning standards, substations that have three or more lines must be configured in double bus bar systems and connection fields. This project provides for the replacement of existing 110 kV high voltage equipment, development of a double bus bar system (360mm2), installation of a 110 kV connection field, and the new 110 kV line field SS Rahoveci-SS Theranda. The existing relay protection system in line fields is planned to be replaced with modern numerical relays. The new 110 kV line project SS Rahovec – SS Theranda, and the substation revitalization project must be integrated in a joint project, which is planned to be undertaken until the third quarter of 2013.

Project: Revitalization of SS Vallaqi Substation:

SS Vallaqi was one of the first substations to be built in Kosovo. Revitalization of this substation is necessary, due to the fact that 5 110 kV lines are connected to its 110 kV bus

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 72 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning bars, one of which conveys the load generated by the HPP Ujmani. The technical condition of the substation is not satisfactory, and as such, it hampers the security and reliability of consumer supply. Revitalization of the substation includes replacement of 110 kV high pressure equipment, replacement of bus bar and portal systems with double bus bars and connection lines. The project is due to finish by the fourth quarter of 2013. Â&#x192;

Project: Replacement of the circuit breaker in SS Prishtina 4

SS Prishtina 4, 220/110kV, 3x150MVA, is a very important transformation node for the transmission system of Kosovo. Due to its proximity to existing and planned generation capacities, the high occurrence of fault currents in the substation may endanger the dynamic stability of the system. Historical data on incidents recorded as a result of outages in disconnectors state the necessity of their replacement. The project aims to replace all 110kV and 220kV switches, except the 110kV and 220kV switches of the new transformer field of AT3, installed in 2010. This project is selected to apply for funding by the IPA 2012 program, and as such, it is planned for implementation by the fourth quarter of 2016. Â&#x192;

Projects: Revitalization of SS Vitia, SS Klina and SS Lipjani substations:

The time sequence of implementation of these projects covers a longer term from 2014 to 2021. Exploitation of high voltage equipment for these substations until the planned time period for revitalization is economically feasible. If one refers to the age of substations, frequency of outages and the technical state of equipment, their operation is considered feasible for another 5-9 years. Revitalization of 110 kV high voltage equipment at SS Vitia, 110/35kV is planned to be completed by 2018. Revitalization of 110 kV high voltage equipment at SS Klina, 110/10kV is planned to be completed by 2019. Revitalization of 110 kV high voltage equipment at SS Lipjani 110/35/10kV is planned to be completed by 2021.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 73 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning 5.7.5 Projects for the improvement for monitoring, controlling and measuring

of the transmission system In the following are presented the projects of TDP that are considered as necessary to fulfill the criteria deriving from the Grid Code and ENTSO/E Operation Handbook.

Project: OPGW in the interconnection lines

Currently there are no telecommunications routes OPGW at the boundary lines. Requirements of Policy 6 of the ENTSO/E (UCTE) Operation Handbook require that an TSO must have at least two lines of communication with neighboring systems. Therefore, the project of establishment of OPGW in the interconnection lines up to the border point is considered important for KOSTT and regional system as a whole. In order for the project to be operational there should be an Inter TSO Agreement so the OPGW will be installed in the entire length of the line on both sides of the border. The main objective of this project is installation of protective conductor with OPGW (up to the border with neighboring TSO) and telecommunications equipment in the existing interconnection lines of 400 kV:

L 407, SS Kosovo B – SS Nish, in total length 41 km

L 437/2 SS Peja 3 – SS Ribarevina , in total length 28.8.km

L 420 SS Ferizaj 2 – SS Shkupi 5, in total length 69 km The total length of the OPGW installment is 138.8km

The finalization of the project is expected in the third quarter of 2015.

Project: INTER-TSO Meters

Currently there are measuring points in all interconnection lines; however, they are not completely in compliance with the Metering Code and the technical requirements of ENTSO/E. The problems fall in two aspects:

Current and voltage metering transformers have only one core for measuring, while the Metering Code requires to have two commercial cores with identical characteristics.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 74 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Meters should be of multiple tariffs

Project foresees replacement of the measuring points in the interconnection lines: - Line 400 kV: SS Kosova B – SS Nish - Line 220 kV: SS Podujeva – SS Krushevc, SS Prizreni 2 – SS Fierza - Line 110 kV: SS Vallaqi – SS N.Pazari, SS Berivojca – SS Bujanovci Also the project will include three other measuring points in SS Kosovo B in the border with TPP Kosova B: - Line 220 kV, SS Kosovo B – TPP Kosovo B - Two generation fields B1 and B2 in SS Kosovo B. This project will complete the measuring points in all border of the transmission system with others. This project was presented at IPA 2011 and expected to be implemented in the fourth quarter of 2015.

Project: GIS System in support of Transmission System

The geographical information system (GIS) is to be used for organizing and processing of transmission data for the whole territory of the Republic of Kosovo. The main feature of the GIS system is the possibility of spatial/geographical data inter-relation, classification of all technical details of transmission assets in correlation with the surrounding areas. The GIS system also allows for communication with other IT systems. The application of a GIS system in the Transmission System would enable: -

Accurate geographical positioning of line (pillars) and substations, information on properties in and around installation positions.

Detailed Technical information on each line (pillar), substation, telecommunication antenna, etc

Information on property structure and construction in routes planned for new lines.

Remote communication by equipment such as: thermal vision cameras, laser height meters, GPS photo cameras, logistical means of GPS equipped maintenance teams.

Data collection and processing inside a single collection centre.

Communication with other IT systems

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 75 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning Benefits from the GIS system are rather large, both in terms of savings in the maintenance process, and in the process of operational and long term planning. This system shall also integrate a system for identification of intensity and positioning of lightning discharges, which would contribute in further enhancement of preventive maintenance. The project is due to be completed by 2016.

TRANSMISSION NETWORK PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 6.1

Description of the network model

Transmission network planning begins with creating basic mathematical model which corresponds to network situation at the end of 2009 using technical data elements that comprise the Power System. The parameters necessary for creating basic mathematical model include:

Electrical parameters of existing generators

Electrical parameters of 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV lines

Electrical transformer parameters, without including the distribution network transformers

The maximum active and reactive power during winter and summer season in the points of distribution and other expendable points.

Common power flow in border lines

Normal configuration of the transmission network.

Simulations and technical analysis of system performance in different periods have been conducted with the help of software package PSS/E 32. This applicable software for the planning processes of transmission networks is used in most countries of South-East Europe, but also in many European countries and the world. Iterative method (recurring), "Full Newton Raphson” is used to calculate the power flows, while in calculating the security network criteria is used the module ACA " AC Contingency Solution "which is integrated into the PSS/E.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 76 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

For the purpose of calculating the analysis of short circuits to the system nodes, and disconnection ability of the breakers for voltage level: 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV was used a more complex model, which includes the entire region of South-East Europe, model which contains the order parameters of positive, negative and nular elements of the network. To calculate the short circuit currents in the transmission network are implemented the method of calculation according to the IEC 60909 standard. Power System is analyzed for the most unfavorable conditions during the maximum load on the network. Operating conditions and system performance depends on network configuration,

interconnection

flows

and

connection

existing

generators.

The analyzed performance of the current network has identified the network sections which do not comply with technical requirements and the needs for reinforcement in appropriate time sequences, in correlation with the planned development of the system load.

Current transmission network capacities; Q4-2011

6.1

In the manner of having a clear overview of the capacities of the transmission network in Kosovo, a special assessment of horizontal network capacity is made, together with the network capacity in supplying internal consumption. The horizontal network capacity has an influence on imports, exports and transits of load flows, but its impact is not large in the internal network capacity, based on the special configuration of the power system in Kosovo, especially in terms of the 400 kV network. The TDP 2012-2021 considers the current network capacities to be as per the condition by the end of 2011, which integrates the projects which are expected to complete by the end of 2011, at a high degree of certainty. Also, computer analysis of the system for the current network state was made as per network configuration for the end of 2011, in correlation with the load forecast for that year. 6.1.1 400, 220 and 110kV lines capacity The table 6-1 shows the length and transmission capacities per length of existing transmission lines in Kosovo, based on the network condition as per first quarter of 2011.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 77 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning The transmission capacity Ct represents the amount of all length of lines and nominal thermal capacity of each line. This size is defined by the Grid Code, which provides upon an estimation of the transmission capacities for 400kV, 220kV and 110kV lines.

Tab. 6-1

Transmission linesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; length and their transmission capacity

The data above show that 400 kV network capacities are considerable, while 220 kV network capacities are a bit smaller than 110 kV network capacities. If we compare the 110 kV network capacities in the current year 2011 (80573 MVA*km) and for 2008 (65845 MVA*km), than we would conclude there has been a substantial increase of capacity (22.3%). 6.1.2 Transformation capacities; Q4-2011 Transformation capacities of the transmission network, managed by KOSTT, are installed at substations 400/220kV, 400/110kV and 220/110kV. The largest transformation capacity is installed at SS Kosova B 400/220kV. At this substation, there are three auto-transformers installed with a nominal load of 400MVA. The total transformation capacity of this substation is 3*400 = 1200MVA. At SS Peja 3, 400/110kV, only one auto-transformer of nominal load of 300MVA is installed. At SS Kosova A, 220/110kV, three AT-s of nominal load of 150 MVA are installed, with a total transformation capacity of 450MVA. At SS Ferizaj 2, 400/110kV, there is also another AT of nominal load of 300MVA installed.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 78 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning At SS Kosova A, 220/110kV, three AT-s of nominal load of 150 MVA are installed, with a total transformation capacity of 450MVA. At SS Prishtina 4, 220/110kV, three AT-s of nominal load of 150 MVA are installed, with a total transformation capacity of 450MVA. At SS Prizreni 2, 220/110kV, there are currently two auto-transformers, AT1=150MVA and AT2 =150MVA, at a total capacity of 300MVA. (by 2012, a third 150 MVA AT should be installed). Table 6-2 shows transformation capacities of the transmission network in Kosovo, as per network configuration Q4-2011. Tab. 6-2 Transformation capacities at transmission network; Q4-2011

If total transformation capacities for the current year 2011 (3000MVA) are compared with the capacity of 2000 (1800MVA), a substantial increase would be recorded at 83%. Direct load supply at 110kV is provided by transformation capacities 400/110 and 220/110kV, at a total capacity of 1800MVA.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 79 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning 6.2

The current load exchange capacity with neighbouring countries

The maximum capacity of load exchange with neighbors (at natural line power) with high voltage transmission lines is 1740 MW. At 400 kV lines, the existing cross border transmission capacity is around 1500 MW (3x500 MW), while at the 220 kV level, some other 240 MW are added (120 MW line with Albania, and 120 MW line with Krusevac, Serbia). NTC3 (Net transfer capacity) of interconnection lines in Kosovo is smaller than their natural power, and it largely depends on the regional electricity balance in neighbouring countries, and from limitations to the regional horizontal network, which may appear in various operational regimes. The table 6-3 shows the current capacities of interconnection lines as per their natural power (P), average NTC and nominal thermal power (Sterm) [10]

Table 6-3. Current interconnection line capacities

* Nga https://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/_library/ntc/archive/NTC-Values-Winter-2010-2011.pdf

NTC â&#x20AC;&#x201C; means max total electricity power exchange between two control areas, compatible to security standards applicable in all regulatory areas, and in due consideration ofo technical uncertainties of the network condition (definition from the ENTSO-E guideline). 3

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 80 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

The simultaneous interconnection transmission capacity (KNTI) is different from NTC, and is calculated for two cases: Â&#x192;

When the electro-energy system simultaneously imports through all interconnections (at different time periods), until a first limitation at the horizontal network appears for the importing country and exporting countries (for the N-1 criterion).

Â&#x192;

When the power system simultaneously imports through all interconnections (at different time periods), until a first limitation at the horizontal network appears for the importing country and exporting countries (for the N-1 criterion).

Calculation is rendered by the PSS/E software, based on long term demand and generation forecasts for the regional countries, correlated with regional transmission system development plans [8]. Natural flows at interconnection lines are flows defined by system impedance, generation location and loads in case when individual systems are balanced (no exchange). Natural flows are amongst key factors affecting various capacities of interconnection for imports and exports. The Simultaneous Interconnection Transmission Capacity is not calculated as an amount of Net Transfer Capacity (NTC), and as such, it is much smaller4. Currently, the KNTI of the transmission system in Kosovo is approximately 900MW for power imports, and 1000MW for power exports. Considering the electricity balance, it may be considered that current interconnection capacities are rather large, and allow for any exchange program for the needs of the power system in Kosovo. 6.3

Analysis of the transmission network condition as per topology Q4-2011

Investments made in the transmission network during 2009 and 2010 have essentially improved the operational performance of the transmission system. Current investments ongoing, and those expected to be completed by the end of 2011, will enhance the network even further towards compliance with the technical requirements as per Grid Code. The

ENTSO/E Raport: System Adekuaci Forecast 2009-2020

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 81 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning figure 6-3 shows a single-pole scheme of the Kosovo power system, as per network topology Q4-2011. 6.3.1 N-security criterion analysis The system was analyzed for a gross max load of 1175 MW, with all elements (lines, transformers, load) at operation. In this case, power flows were monitored, together with the level of voltage at bus bars, and level of load on 400kV, 220kV and 110kV lines; and in autotransformers 400/220kV, 400/110kV and 220/110kV. Simulation results have not identified any overloaded elements. The maximum capacity of internal transmission network, as per technical security criterion N for the end of 2011 is around 1450MW. This means that the transmission system can supply a gross load of 1450MW, while fulfilling the N-security criterion. If one refers to the estimated maximum load, there is a sufficient security margin, which is approx. 19% (275MW). Figures A1 and A2 in Annex A show power flows for normal operation conditions, as per network topology Q4-2011.

6.3.2 N â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1 security criteria analysis The system performance was analyzed in terms of the N-1 security criterion N-1, thereby monitoring line and transformation loads, and the level of voltage at bus bars when a critical element (transformer, line, cable) fails. Table 6-4 presents the lines which do not fulfill the N-1 criterion, the outage of which causes deviation of load or voltage, beyond the limits allowed by the Grid Code. Table 6-4. Lines falling out of N-1 criterion, as per network configuration Q4:2011

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 82 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Critical failures numbered 1 and 4 will be eliminated with the completion of SS Gjilani 5 (Q1-2012), with which the 110 kV line SS Ferizaj 2-SS Gjilan 5 will be connected. The line is constructed, but cannot be connected due to delays in completion of substation 110/10(20)kV Gjilani 5, a project managed by KEK-DSO. Critical failures 2 and 3 will be eliminated with the completion of the project of line allocation L1806 from Gjakova 2 to Gjakova 1 (Q2-2012) The problem of radial supply for SS Lipjan will be eliminated with the completion of the project for connecting SS Lipjan with L112 line, in the next year 2012. In terms of transformation, there are still limitations to the fulfillment of criterion N-1. Table 6-5 shows substations falling out of the N-1 criterion N-1. Table 6-5. Auto-transformers falling out of criterion N-1 (Q4:2011)

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 83 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning Computer analysis (simulations in PSS/E in the system model) have shown that currently the transmission network can fulfill the N-1 criterion for loads smaller than 1050 MW. Figure 6-1 presents development of N and N-1 capacities of the (internal) network, in relation to the seasonal load for the period Q1/2009-Q4/2011.

Figure 6-1 Development of internal transmission network capacities from Q1-2009 until Q42011.

6.3.3 Voltage profile and losses Creation of powerful nodes at SS Peja 3 and SS Ferizaj 2, and construction of 110 kV lines and their reinforcement has made possible the situation that in normal operation conditions of the transmission system (at maximum load), the level of voltage as per configuration Q42011 is within allowed limits as per Grid Code. Figure 6-2 shows voltage profiles for two different network topologies in 2010 and 2011. The chart presents that the voltage levels at all nodes are within limits allowed by the Grid Code. One may observe the impact of entry into operation of SS Ferizaj 2, which reflects in a considerable increase of voltage level at 110 kV nodes connected to the substation. In terms of fulfillment of the N-1 security criterion in terms of voltage, tables 6-4 and 6-5 present the critical failures which cause a decline of voltage levels under the limit allowed by Grid Code. Code.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 84 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig 6-2. Comparison of voltage profile at 110 by two network topologies, 2010 and 2011

The system was analyzed also in terms of load loss in maximum load, while the computer calculation results are presented with the table 6-6. Losses were calculated specifically in lines and transformers, as per level of voltage. Calculated load losses in peak load are based on ideal resistance and inductivity of elements modeled at PSS/E, and do not reflect real losses, which are dependent on other factors which cannot be modeled, such as: resistance of contact of high voltage equipment, resistance of connection bridges in line conductors, crown effect, impact of temperature change at Ohm resistance, etc. Nevertheless, the results gained provide important comparisons showing the trend of loss development at the function of load changes and network capacity. Grid load losses for various years do not match with energy losses during a year, since in the majority of cases, grid reinforcements take place in the fourth quarter of a year, while the effects at the volume of energy losses in the network can only be recorded in the next year, after relevant reinforcements are made.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 85 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning Tab. 6-6. Active and reactive power losses at maximum load (Q4-2011)

In terms of active power, the largest losses are caused at transmission lines (87%), where losses at 110 kV lines dominate with a percentage of 66.7% in comparison to total loss. In comparison to peak losses in the previous year 2010 (29MW), current year losses have marked a small decline, which can be justified by the fact that the peak load increased simultaneously with the network capacity improvement. Reactive power losses are caused mainly at power transformers, while total lines are rather close to reactive compensation. The table shows that 400 and 220 kV lines inject capacity reactive power to the network in an amount almost equivalent to the reactive power absorbed by the 110 kV lines.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 86 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig. 6-3 Single pole scheme, Kosovo power system, network topology Q4-2011

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 87 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 88 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 89 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 90 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Analysis of the transmission network condition as per topology Q4-2012

6.4

During 2012, rather important projects are due to complete, thereby influencing directly the improvement of the operational performance of the transmission system. In 2012, we expect to have operational the following projects:

Connection of the 110kV line SS Ferizaj 2- SS Gjilan5 (completion of Ferizaj 2 project)

Connection of SS Lipjan to the 110 kV line L112 (creation of a new 110 kV ring)

Third AT 150 MVA at SS Prizren 2

Allocation of L1806 line from SS Gjakova 2 to SS Gjakova 1

Replacement of conductor at 110 kV line L125/3 (SS Trepçë-SS Vallaq)

The completion of these projects will allow for a substantial enhancement of the transmission system in terms of fulfilling criteria as required by the Grid Code. The figure 66 presents a single-pole chart of the power system of Kosovo, as per transmission network topology in Q4-2012.

6.4.1 N-security criterion analysis The system was analyzed for the maximum estimated gross load of 1190 MW, for the network topology Q4-2012, with all elements (lines, transformers, load) in operation. The simulation results have not identified any lines or transformers overloaded. The maximal capacity of the internal transmission network, as per N-security criterion for the end of 2012 would revolve around the amount of 1580MW. This means that the transmission system can supply a gross power of 1580MW, while fulfilling the N-security criterion. If one refers to the maximum estimated load, there is a sufficient security margin, which circles around 25% (390MW). Figures A-4 and A-5, in Annex A, show power flows for normal operation conditions as per network topology of Q4-2012.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 91 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning 6.4.2 N-1 security criterion analysis The system performance was analyzed in terms of the N-1 security criterion N-1, thereby monitoring line and transformation loads, and the level of voltage at bus bars when a critical element (transformer, line, cable) fails. Implementation of 2012 projects will eliminate all critical failures present in the current network topology, excluding only the radial line SS Rahovec â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SS Prizren 2. Therefore, in the winter consumption in 2012, the N-1 criterion will be fulfilled in terms of 400kV, 220kV and 110kV lines. The only problem that remains is the radial supply of SS Rahovec, and a single transformer at SS Peja 3,400/110kV. The failure of this transformer would cause an overload of a single 110 kV line, and a drastic decline of voltage level at the Dukagjini area network section. The following table shows the impacts of failure of transformer in other sections of the network. Table 6-7. SS Peja 3 substation does not fulfill the N-1 security criterion in transformation (Q4:2012)

Computer analysis (simulations with PSS/E at a system model of Q4-2012) show that the transmission network can fulfill the N-1 criterion up to a load smaller than 1160MW. If we refer the annual time of 8760 hours, only around 5% (438h) of the time, the system will not fulfill the N-1 criterion, while for 95% of the annual time, the system will fulfill the N-1 criterion. The figure 6-4 shows N and N-1 capacity development of the (internal) network, in relation with the seasonal load for the time period Q1/2011-Q4/2012.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 92 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Figure 6-4 Internal transmission network capacity development, from Q1-2011 until Q4-2012.

The figure above shows time periods in which the transmission system is compliant and incompliant with the N-1 security criterion. From Q2-2012 until the end of 2012, the N-1 criterion will be fulfilled (green areas), excluding the radial line of SS Rahovec. This fact represents a substantial enhancement of operational performance of the transmission system, if one refers to the situation of the system before 2008.

6.4.3 Voltage profile and losses Further enhancement of transmission network capacities reflects into a reduction of load losses and improvement of voltage profiles. The figure 6-5 shows a chart of voltage profiles at 110 kV bus bars. One may see that the voltage level is very close to the nominal value of 110 kV. Voltages were analyzed also for minimum summer loads, in which occasion higher voltage levels were recorded, especially at the 220 kV level. In these cases, the automatic voltage regulation in transformer regulators must be operated manually to reduce dangerous overloads at the 220 kV level. The 400 kV network voltage level is lead by the situation of load flows in the region, where the influence of the power system on the increase or decrease of voltages remains low. system operators may control 220 kV and 110 kV voltages, by

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 93 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning reconfiguring network topologies, and by optimizing regulatory positions of voltage regulators.

Fig.6-5 Voltage profile at 110 kV bus bars, network topology Q4-2012

In terms of losses in peak load in 2012, there is an expectation of small decline of loss of active and reactive power, as a result of reinforcement of transmission capacities of the network and optimization of active and reactive power. The following table shows the losses of active and reactive power in total, and based on elements and voltage levels of the system. In comparison to the current year, the losses of active power for a maximum load of the system will mark a small decline of around 0.9MW as a result of projects to be completed by the end of 2012. A considerable reduction of load losses is observed at 110 kV lines 110kV from 18MW (2011) to 16.5MW (2012). Losses of reactive power in peak loads will be smaller from 116.6MVAr (2011) to 93.4MVAr (2012). The reactive power is absorbed only by transformers, while the lines in general are considered compensated. Tab.6-8. Active and reactive power losses in maximum load (Q4-2012)

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 94 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 95 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig. 6-6 Single pole of the Kosovo power system, network topology for Q4-2012

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 96 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Analysis of the transmission network condition as per topology - 2016

6.5

Until 2016, rather important projects are expected to complete and influence directly in enhancing the operational performance of the transmission system. The time period 20132016 is the time of completion of the following projects:

110kV line SS Rahovec – SS Theranda

400kV interconnection line SS Kosova B – SS Tirana 2

Second AT 300MVA, at SS Peja 3,400/110kV

Second AT 300MVA, at SS Ferizaj 2,400/110kV

New 110kV line SS Peja 3- SS Peja 1

Revitalization of L155/2 and L163 lines

SS Dragash and 110kV line SS Kukës-SS Dragash- SS Prizren 2

Revitalization of 110 kV line: L126/2 SS Peja 2- SS Deçan

The gross peak load in 2016 is foreseen to be 1310MW. Figure 6-10 shows the single-pole chart corresponding with the computer model 2016. 6.5.1 N Security criterion analysis The network topology Q4-2012 system was analyzed for a maximum gross load of 1310 MW, with all elements (lines, transformers, load) in operation. Simulation results do not identify overload lines or transformers. The maximum capacity of the internal transmission network according to the N-security criterion for the end of 2016, will considerably increase in comparison with 2012, as a result of reinforcement planned in the transmission network. The maximum capacity of the internal transmission network should be approx. 1850MW. This means that the transmission system in 2016 will be able to supply a gross load of 1850MW, without encountering bottlenecks in the network, and at a voltage level within allowed limits. If one refers to a forecasted maximum load for 2016, there is a sufficient margin of security for the transmission system around 41% (540MW). Figures A-7 and A-8 in the A annex show the load flows for normal operating conditions in the 2016 network topology.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 97 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning 6.5.2 N-1 security criterion analysis Timely implementation of planned projects until the end of 2016 should allow for a transmission system which for the first time will be able to fulfill technical criteria as required by the Grid Code, in terms of security and supply quality. From the second quarter of 2015, the transmission system will fully comply with the N-1 security criterion, for lines (cables) and transformers, always in reference to forecasted load values for the next 10 years. If the load forecast pursues the low scenario, then the N-1 criterion can be fulfilled even earlier. The figure 6-7 shows development of internal transmission network capacities (N and N-1) in relation to the seasonal load for the time period Q1:2012-Q4:2016

Figure 6-7 Development of internal transmission network capacities from Q1-2012 until Q42016.

6.5.3 Voltage profile and losses The voltage profile at all 110 kV voltage levels in the 2016 topology should remain within optimal limits in maximum load, as shown in the figure 6-8. Operational voltages will be within normal values, thereby influencing further reduction reactive load losses, while the active power losses will increase from 26.1MW (2012) to 28.6MW (2016) as a result of increased load.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 98 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning Umax

Umin

Unominal

130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 TS K

APR 110 Z11 0 PR 1 PR 2 PR 3 PR BA 5 RD H LI PJ A G JI LA BE RI V VI T SH IA A FE R R RI Z TH 1 ER A PR IZ 3 PR IZ G 1 JA K D 2 EÇ AN PE JA BU 1 RI VA M LL TR A EP K Ç LI N VU A SH . RA 2 H O G JI SK L5 EN D P D R-6 RA G A PE S JA 3 FE R2

Tensioni [kV]

Tensioni (kV)

Nënstacionet 110kV

Fig. 6-8 Voltage profile in 110 kVbus bars as per 2016 network topology

In operational regimes at summer loads in the system, higher voltage levels are recorded, especially at 400 and 220 kV horizontal grids, as shown in the figure 6-9. the reason for such an increase in voltage is development of the 400 kV network capacities in the region influencing our system; construction of a 239km long line SS Kosova B- SS Tirana 2, which in minimum load regimes should inject around 75MVAr of capacitative reactive power in SS Kosovo B bus bars. In this case, the installation of an inductive reactor 120MVAr at SS Tirana 2 (220kV bus bars) is considered. The control of voltage level at 400kV bus bars is almost negligible, by undertaking operational measures within the relatively small power system of Kosovo, while the voltage level at 220 kV bus bars is partially controllable, by making limited modifications of the network topology (opening of the SS Fierzë – SS Prizren 2 line, disconnection of a transformer at SS Kosova B etc). Over-voltage levels at 110kV level can be managed easily, since the 110 kV network topology can be modified as per certain moduses, with a view of avoiding line overcompensation. The only technical possibility of controlling overloads on transmission grids is installation of an inductive static reactor 100MVAr at SS Kosova B (at 220 kV bus bars). Due to high uncertainty of network developments in the region, the voltage level at the horizontal network (inside and outside the system) will be monitored

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 99 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning carefully, so as to ensure a timely decision on planning installation of a 100MVAr reactor at SS Kosova B.

Fig. 6-9 Voltage level at 400kV and 220kV bus bars in summer minimum load regimes

Active power losses will be reduced at 110 kV lines, while at 400 kV lines there will be an increase of losses, as a result of construction of the 400 kV line SS Kosova B â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SS Tirana 2, and the increased transit flux in the transmission network. The active power losses will increase in comparison to 2012, while reactive power losses will decrease in comparison to 2012. the following table shows total losses at transmission network, and loss percentages as per voltage level and type of element. Tab. 6-9. Active and reactive power losses in maximum load (2016)

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 100 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 101 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig. 6-10 Single line diagram of Kosovo power system, network topology 2016

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 102 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Analysis of the transmission network condition, topology 2021

6.6

The operational performance of the transmission system was analyzed for 2021, modeled in PSS/E by integrating all planned projects for the next 10 years. As per a list of projects selected by a computer analysis determination, a considerable number of important projects of transmission network reinforcement is planned for implementation for the time period 2017-2021 such as the following:

New 110kV line SS Peja 3- HC Ujman

New 110 kV line SS Prizren 1- SS Prizren 2

New 110 kV line SS Peja 1- SS Deçan

New 110 kV line SS Peja 3- SS Mitrovica 2

Packet Project Ring road 400kV Gjakovë-Prizren - Ferizaj (phase I)

The figure 6- 14 provides a single-pole scheme corresponding with the 2016 computer model.

6.6.1 N security criterion analysis The system was analyzed with 1000 MW of new generation capacity connected to SS Kosova B and decommissioning of the TPP Kosovo A, referring to the conservative generation development scenario as per document “Generation Adequacy 2010-2019” approved by the ERO. The system was modeled to a gross load of 1446MW as forecasted for 2021. The construction of SS Prizren 4, 400/110kV and creation of a 400kV ring, should ultimately bring the transmission network to a condition conducive to further support for the load and development of large generation capacities, both conventional and renewable. As presented by the Fichner study, the new 400 kV network topology will enable the sectioning of load groups connected at 110 kV network, and enhancement of operational security of the transmission network, by establishing reserve disconnection capacities. The internal network

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 103 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning capacity will have attained the amount of 2100MW with a 45% (654MW) security margin in relation to the maximum load for 2021. The figure 6-11 presents a horizontal scheme of the transmission network, modeled after the regional network (SECI_2020_PSS/E). The model shows the load flows for certain regimes of regional exchange. The ring configuration allows for the creation of four consumption groups to be supplied by main transmission substations.

Fig.6-11 Horizontal network of transmission system, after construction of 400 kV ring - topology 2021

6.6.2 N-1 security criterion analysis The 2021 network topology transmission system does not identify any lines or transformers, the outage of which would create any overload or underload in other parts of the network. Such a network topology allows for a full compliance with the N-1 security criterion up to the consumption rate of 1500MW. The creation of a 400 kV ring, and creation of four

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 104 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning consumption supply groups, all create higher flexibility and operation security of the system. The failure of any single 400 kV line would not influence the security of supply for consumption and regional exchange. The N-1 criterion is fulfilled both for interconnection lines and internal lines. Development of internal network capacities for the period 2016-2021 is presented with the figure 6-12.

Fig.6-12 Internal transmission network capacity of transmission 2016 -2021.

6.6.3 Voltage profile and losses The reconfiguration of the 110 kV network, by creation of four supply groups I-Peja 3, IIKosova A & Prishtina 4, III- Ferizaj 2 and IV-Prizreni 2&4, creates an almost maximal optimization conditions for load flows, reflected into an ideal voltage profile at all bus bars 400, 220 and 110kV during the winter consumption. The figure 6-13 shows the voltage profile for 110kV bus bars.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 105 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig. 6-13 Voltage profile in 110 kV bus bars as per network topology for 2021

MW-expressed network active power losses will be higher than in 2016, as a result of growing consumption. As per computer calculations, the losses of active power in peak load 1446MW will be 35.5 MW, from which 88.7% are caused by lines, where line losses dominate 110kV (62%). In terms of reactive power in the transmission system, the influence of 400 kV ring is rather present. Lines inject a total reactive power of 132MVAr capacitative into the network, while on the other hand transformers can absorb a reactive power rate or approx 142.5MVAr (inductive), which means that only 10.5MVAr are counted as reactive power losses caused by the transmission network. The reactive side of consumption is to be covered by domestic generation sources.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 106 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Tab.6-10. Active and reactive power losses in maximum load (2021)

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

Page 107 of 125

Office: Long-term development and planning

Fig. 6-14 Single-line diagram of the Kosovo power system, network topology 2021

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 108 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development 6.7

General conclusion

The Kosovo transmission system must develop in a manner of allowing for a secure, reliable and qualitative supply of consumption, pursuant to technical requirements of the Grid Code and the operation manual of ENTSO/E. An adequate and sustainable development of the transmission system provides for favorable conditions of development of conventional and renewable generation capacities. Appropriate long term planning for transmission system development is essential to meeting above-mentioned requirements. The Transmission Development Plan 2012-2021 has identified medium and long term needs for infrastructure projects necessary to the enhancement and maintenance of the operational performance of the system, in relation to development in consumption, generation and regional markets of energy. The TDP 2012-2021 sets forth the development priorities sorted in categories and implementation timelines. The full realization of transmission development plans is challenging to the most developed countries. Difficulties in accessing property, global economic crisis, lack of financial resources, social implications, are some of the factors which are necessary to be taken into account by planning engineers. If one would refer to development of KOSTT in the last 5 years, it may be considered that development objectives have largely been realized thanks to financial support of the Kosovo Budget and international donors. Positive impacts of projects completed and those ongoing have been analyzed in the previous development plan, while the following are general comments on new development projects presented in the TDP 2012-2021. Â&#x192;

Network capacity development

The implementation of projects identified by the TDP 2012-2021 will enable a consistent enhancement of internal network capacities, which in turn would render conducive to supply consumption. Reinforcement at key nodes at SS Peja 3, SS Ferizaj 2 and SS Prizren 4, 400kV and 110kV network reconfiguration with the development of new 110 kV lines, are the key factors to foster development of transmission network capacities. The figure 6-15 shows a

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 109 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development chart of development of internal network capacities in relation to load development for the next 10 years, in two scenarios of peak development.

Fig. 6-15. Development of internal network capacities in relation to load development for the next 10 years

In a period of 10 years, the horizontal network will also be subject to capacity enhancement, as a result of development of the new 400kV interconnection line SS Kosova B â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SS Tirana 2, and construction of the 400 kV ring in Kosovo. The capacity of transmission network interconnection lines in Kosovo will be much higher than the import margin, or possibilities of electricity export available to our country for the next 10 years, even in due consideration of a considerable volume of transit flows (through our network) for the regional countries. The figure 6-16 provides indicative values of simultaneous interconnection capacity for export and import, calculated in a regional model. The estimated capacities take into consideration the N-1 criterion for the whole horizontal network of regional transmission systems. When referring to planned generation development in Kosovo, the horizontal network will be able to accommodate considerable generation capacities in full compliance with technical requirements of ENTSO/E. In case of construction of a second 400 kV line SS Kosova B

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 – 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 110 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development – SS Skopje, interconnection capacities would be considerably higher. This project remains optional, and its advancement will largely depend on the changes of transit flows to Southeastern European countries, and the size of generation capacities to be installed in Kosovo.

Fig. 6-16 Simultaneous interconnection capacity development 2012-2021

N-1 security criterion

If one was to review the situation in the network before 2009, the N-1 security criterion would not be compliant even in summer consumption, while in normal operation conditions, the network would be subject to overloads which were managed by reducing load. In reference to the current situation (2011), the network condition has changed largely for the better, in which case the network does not display any bottleneck, while the N-1 security criterion is not complied with only at 10% of the annual time. Full implementation of the N-1 security criterion requires considerable investment. If we refer to development processes planned for the next 10 years, the security criterion will be fully complied with only after 2015, while until then, the criterion will be closely pursued. The figure 6-17 shows the ability of the network to fulfill the N-1 security criterion, in a relation with the maximum load for the next 10 years.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 111 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development

Fig. 6-17. N-1 capacity development of the transmission network 2012-2021

Â&#x192;

Quality of supply and efficiency

Not long ago, the a considerable part of the transmission network could both provide quality supply in winter peaks due to the poor network, large active and reactive power losses. All this resulted in rather low voltage levels at the 110 kV level, especially in areas remote to generation sources. On the other hand, the amount of energy undelivered to consumption, as a result of restrictions in the transmission network, was rather high. Reinforcements to the network, especially after 2008, have created the conditions for a quality supply of consumption and an extraordinary reduction of power losses in the grid. The voltage level was stabilized after the commissioning of the Peja 3 project, while with further investments, the operational efficiency of the network and quality of supply were enhanced to a satisfactory level. The planned reinforcement in the next 10 years will allow for a further enhancement of quality of supply and efficiency, but also maintenance, pursuant to technical requirements of the Grid Code. The figure 6-18 shows a chart of developments in the active and reactive power losses in peak loads, based on a forecast of load for the next 10 years.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 – 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 112 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development 140 120

∆Q

93.4MVAr

100 ∆P, ∆Q

∆P

116.6MVAr

74.5MVAr

80 60 40

27MW

28.6MW

26.1MW

35.5MW 10.5MVAr

20 0 2011

2012

2016

2021

Fig. 6-18. Developments in power losses at maximum load for years 2011, 2012, 2016 and 2021

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 113 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development

FAULT CURRENTS IN THE TRANSMISSION NETWORK

7.1

Introduction

This chapter examines the problem level of fault currents in all bus bars of 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV voltage level. Review of fault currents or three phases and one phase to ground short circuit level was made for periods in relation to the planned developments in transmission network and the overall Kosovo Power System. 7.2

Calculation of fault currents level Kosovo Power System is strongly interconnected to regional transmission network

400 kV and 220 kV. Relevant supplies of fault currents which are characterized by serious impact on system security are concentrated in two main substations of the system: SS Kosovo B and SS Kosovo A. In these two substations are connected all existing TP plants. The objective of the study of short circuits is assessment of the impact of fault currents in the security of the system. Fault currents in 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV bus bars will be calculated

accordance

with

Policy

the

Handbook

ENTSO-E.

The basic aim of this study is to identify the bus bars in which the level of fault currents exceeds breaking capacities of the existing breaker and determination of security margin of all installed breakers or those that will be installed in the transmission system in Kosovo. 7.2.1 Mathematical model, calculation methodology and applied software In order to determine the maximum fault currents in transmission system of Kosovo and the impact of neighboring systems in these currents, in study was used regional model which include 13 models of integrated Power System of the countries of South-Eastern Europe. For this analysis is also used software PSS/E 32. Part of the network which is interconnected with this model itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s equal to the Teveneni network (method for simulations of models in the case of large networks). Calculation methodology is based on the IEC 90609 standard. Maximum effective value of the sub-transient component of the total fault currents three-phase and one-phase with ground, is applied to every bus bars of level 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV. In this case the

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 – 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 114 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development generators are equaled to their sub-transient reactance X "d. The time of 100ms is considered as the time of fault elimination. Based on IEC 90609 standard, calculations are made for no load operation, while the initial conditions of the equaled network voltage of the Tevenen is taken as 1.1Un.

Ik” = Effective value of the fault currents ip = The initial amplitude of the fault currents Ik= Continual fault currents idc = Dc component of the fault currents A = Initial value of the dc component of idc Figure 7-1 Form of the fault currents and its components

7.2.2 Features of the power circuits of the transmission network In the transmission system currently in the existing substations of KOSTT are installed different types of circuit breakers in terms of producers. While in terms of types of dielectrical medium for extinguish electric arch are installed two types of breakers:

Oil circuits and The old

Gas circuits SF6 generation of the breakers have usually used oil as a dielectric medium for

extinguish the arch, while new generations of breakers use SF6 gas with a dielectric characteristic and much better durability.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 115 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development Breakres with SF6 medium for arch extinguish represent necessary standard of breakers for installation in transmission network. Also this kind of breaker has general features significantly better than oil breakers, as in electro-mechanical stability during the process of normal connections and disconnection, or the occurrence of fault currents. KOSTT systematically is replacing the oil breakers with the new breakers within the revitalizing projects of the existing substations. Disconnection capacity of circuit breakers is different starting from 16.5 kA, 18.3 kA, 23 kA, 31.5 kA and 40 kA. The safety margin of the breakers and other high voltage equipments is estimated by recognizing the level of faults currents failures in a long-term domain that can occur in all substations and compared with the level of disconnection capacities of the breakers. 7.3

Results of the calculated fault currents Based on IEC 60909 standard, are calculated three-phase and one-phase to ground short

circuit for voltage levels 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV of the transmission network. Calculation of currents is made in computer models in relation to the project development under the network configuration: 2011, 2013 and 2014. In Chapter 8 in a generalize manner are presented the effects of installing new generators to increase the value of fault currents in the domain of the second five year planning period, starting from the lowest scenario development of generating units of PP New Kosovo, HP Zhuri and different potentials from energy parks that have wind generation which will eventually be installed in Shtime region. 7.3.1 Assessments of the calculated fault currents (2009) Results of simulation of three-phase and one-phase fault currents with ground for network configuration according to the latest situation in 2009 based on the IEC 60909 standards is presented in Table B-1 of Annex B. The results of computer calculations in PSS/E show greater level of short circuit power in two main substations, SS Kosovo A and SS Kosovo B, which are very close to generating resources and supplies from the powerful interconnection of 400 kV.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 116 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development At 220 kV bus bars at SS Kosovo A the one phase to ground short circuit at a value of 27 kA represents the largest electricity transmission network. Also in the SS Kosovo B at the both levels of voltage the one phase to ground short circuit are relatively large at 20.9 kA (at 400 kV) and 26 kA (at 220 kV). In other parts of the network while away from sources of electricity generation three phase short circuit with ground dominates towards the single phase. All 110 kV substations that are near SS Kosovo A (area of Prishtina) are characterized by large fault currents. Results of calculating the level of fault currents lead to the following conclusions: Â&#x192;

400kV, 220kV and 110kV disconnectors installed in the transmission network have e sufficient security margin (>20%). Their disconnection capacity towards fault currents level is within the limits allowed under the IEC standards for the high voltage disconnection equipments.

Plans for re-vitalizing of substations SS Peja 1, SS Gjakova 1 etc will help increase the safety margin of these substations, which have very old breakers installed that does not guarantee the stated nominal stability. Figure 7-2 shows a chart of fault currents for main substations.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 – 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 117 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development

Fig. 7-2 Chart of three and single phase earthed fault currents, for the current network topology

7.3.2 Assessments of the calculated fault currents (2011) The development of the network and change of the configuration change affects the values of fault currents. An input in raising fault currents should be given by the new interconnection line 400 kV SS Kosovo B – SS Kosovo A, which is expected to enter operation in 2014. Also impedance reduction of 110 kV lines due to their reinforcement impacts the growth of fault currents. Figure 7-3 shows the values of short circuit currents, three and single-phased earthed connections in main substations. Table B-2 of Annex B, presents the results of the calculation of fault currents for configurations in 2016. Based on the plan for re-vitalization of substations in relation to the disconnection capacity of high voltage equipments and values calculated for the fault currents in the system for configuration 2016 can be concluded that:

All circuit breakers installed in the transmission network and all high voltage equipment have sufficient margins of safety.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 118 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development Plans for re-vitalizing of substations SS Peja 1, SS Gjakova 1 etc will help increase the safety margin of these substations, which have very old breakers installed that does not guarantee the stated nominal stability.

Fig. 7-3 Chart of three and single phase earthed fault currents, for the 2016 network topology.

7.3.3 Assessments of the calculated breaking currents (2013) The 2021 model has taken into consideration the development of new generation units, as per conservative scenario of the Generation Adequacy plan 2011-2020. In this model, the TPP Kosovo A is disconnected, while three 3x300MW units are modeled as per figure 6-11. from the results in the table B-3, one may observe an obvious increase of fault currents as a result of new generation capacity development and the construction of the 400 kV ring. The figure 7-4 shows a chart of levels of fault currents for main substations of the transmission system. In the 400 kV bus bars of the SS Kosova B, the short-circuit single-phase current at 29.3kA is the largest current in the transmission network. At 220 kV bus bars, the short-circuit single-phase current also dominates at the value of 26.8kA. Due to decommissioning of TPP Kosovo A generation units, the fault currents would decrease if compared with values

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 – 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 119 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development calculated in 2011 and 2016 models. In the Dukagjini region, one may observe the effect of construction of SS Prizren 4, 400/110kV connected to the 400kV ring. Fault currents will be much higher in substations close to SS Prizren 4, in comparison to the period before. When comparing disconnection abilities of load switches to the level of fault currents, one may conclude:

All load switches installed in the transmission network bear a sufficient security margin. (20%).

Load switches installed at SS Kosova B and SS Kosova A, and all high voltage equipment, are not endangered by development of New Kosovo TPP 3x300MW. Their disconnection capacity at 40kA provides for a sufficient margin of security.

Fig. 7-4 Chart of three and single phase earthed fault currents, for the 2021 network topology.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 – 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 120 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

9.1

Environmental protection Based on the KOSTT Transmission Development Plan 2010-2019, the

environmental issues should have an appropriate place in the planning. Continuous caution for environment will be part of the overall KOSTT Policy and engagement of this police is addressed in the certification of KOSTT with ISO 14001:2004 Standard. KOSTT Development Plan will take measures to prevent and correct any mistake that is referred to the environmental protection in accordance with the internal and external legal bases. Negative impacts mainly include terms of the impact of electromagnetic fields (EMF), noise and visual impact on the environment (more important effects). 9.2

Environmental problems in the transmission system

One can say that the Environmental problems in the transmission system is divided into following:

9.2.1

•

Environmental problems caused by the lines, and

•

Environmental problems caused by the substations Environmental problems caused by the lines Today when needed energy necessary for the development of our country, appeared

in the Development Plan, we need to adjust the priority of claims being aware of their impact on the environment. Therefore we can say that the priority is set towards a necessary development of electricity transmission of high voltage (during the above elaboration this need is reflected and justified), not eliminate the need to minimize the possible impacts on the environment. Most of the lines pass through the agricultural areas, while a little less of those lines that pass on the mountain ecosystems where their impact is not so expressed. From the aspect of electromagnetic radiation, greater influence has the industrial frequency electromagnetic fields. The research of harmful effects of this type of non-ionizing radiation

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 121 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development on man have not yet given the final answer, but it should be noted that nowadays there is a special interest for the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on electrical equipment as well as on the living creatures, especially on people. On the moment of the legal sanction of electromagnetic impact this plan will take into consideration and will be subject to TDP's implementation. In the future appropriate recordings should be done and adaption to the requirements recommended by World Health Organization. Also it should forwarded to any cause of a wrong automatic action, reduced signal â&#x20AC;&#x201C; noise report in communications equipment and data transmit, etc. 9.2.2

Environmental problems caused by the substations

Besides occupying the surfaces substations carry the biggest visual changes in their surroundings, but in aesthetic terms do not affect significantly, since under the rules they should be located outside residential areas. The continuous noise caused (transformers work) or the non-continuous work (disconnection equipment/circuits), the most direct impact on the environment of substations, and due to vegetation relief is rarely transferred to the residential areas, but in the substations location is likely to have greater value than those allowed. In modern equipment disconnection/circuits, is present the inert gas, not dangerous to human health, but with undesirable impact on the ozone cover and toxic products in small concentrations, caused during the process of working of equipments. Having in mind that there are strict procedures in accordance with rules therefore the procedures of using SF6 circuits, proposed that the implementation of SF6 technology, the maintenance to be unstructured after several decades of exploitation, so that the risk index will be brought to minimum. Large quantities of synthetic oils found in power transformers, while a little less in the high voltage equipment. Having in mind that oils possess a high potential for environmental pollution, adequate measures are taken, such as the construction of collecting pool and protection for collections of any oil leakage. These pools at the same time are a kind of prevention in cases of large failures likely to occur.

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 – 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 122 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development

9.3

Caution on the other environmental impacts At a time when the need for more and more energy is growing, the real impact on

the environment and aims for qualitative protection of this segment including this TDP that supports the following: •

Reduction of emissions in water, air and land

•

Increase of energy efficiency

•

Enforcing preventive measures in order to reduce the number of accidents

•

Development of systems for data collection and database (electronic forms)

•

Reduction of parts and equipment that are outdated, etc

All these are implemented in preliminarily planned time frames, as: •

Reducing the damage done in the past

•

Reduce the impact of ongoing activity in the relevant sector, and

•

Prevention of pollution from activities in the future (e.g. EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment and preventive measures in proper reduction)

9.4

Environmental plans

In favor of the implementation of the requirements for environmental protection is the well supported initiative in setting environmental policy in KOSTT which is under the procedure to be adopted. Clear definition of environmental issues in KOSTT and orientation on what will be done to control the environment, means planning. Planning is accomplished through new projects, which are followed by the Environmental Impact Assessment. The implementation is started by established the organizational structure, staff responsibilities, competencies and training. Communication practices, control of documents and procedures, operational control and emergency preparation, define the operational part of the program. These points are also included in the EMS Manual (Environmental Management System)

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 – 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 123 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development which will document a program that has determined objectives and targets to be achieved. This Manual was developed and has 18 procedures included. These, along with routine audits that are done within the year 2008, 2009 and the first three months of 2010, reporting the situation recorded along with appropriate recommendations, constitute a program of controlling acts and corrective ones in EMS. Finally, a review of routine management activities is lowed by the highest level in KOSTT. The long term environmental planning will support the benefit and KOSTT development plan, by aiming:

Proper financial management, which directs a better environmental control Therefore in KOSTT will be included all operational parts that have impact in environment but by controlling the costs and its impact in the general budget. Apart from the above mentioned we should also respect:

• Internal legislation (environment, energy) • EU Legislation (environment, energy) • Technical codes in KOSTT • International standards and norms etc. We have to work on the improvement and update of the new technologies and in improvement of the infrastructure of the operation system (SCADA) and transmission system (construction of the double and triple lines)

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 – 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 124 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development

REFERENCES

In this report the references were made from the following published studies and reports: [1] Transmission Network Development Plan 2010-2019/KOSTT [2] Long term energy balance 2011-2020/KOSTT [3] Generation Adequacy Plan 2011-2020/KOSTT [4] List of new Transmission Capacities 2011-2020/KOSTT [5] Grid Code – second edition /KOSTT [6] Electrical Equipment Code/KOSTT [7] Transmission Connection Charging Methodology /KOSTT [8] Transmission System Security and Planning Standards/KOSTT [9] Operating Security Standards/KOSTT [10] Electrical Standards Code/KOSTT [11]. Distribution Code/KOSTT-KEK [12] ESTAP I, Module C: “Power Transmission Master Plan”, (CESI et al, 2002), World Bank Grant #TF-027991. [13] ESTAP II: Feasibility Study for the Kosova – Albania 400 kV Transmission Interconnection Project (CESI, September 2005), World Bank Grant #H048 [14] UCTE Operation Handbook, Last version [15] Energy strategy of Kosovo/MEM

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 – 2021

DT-PA-001

ver. 1.0

page 125 of 125

Office: Long term planning and development [16] “Transmission Network Expansion Project” FICHNER

(The end of document)

Drafted Name and Surname

Checked

Approved

Gazmend Kabashi

Safete Orana

Kadri Kadriu

31.11.2011

17.10.2011

24.10.2011

Signature Date