American Police Officer by Junior Police Academy

the Junior Police Academy’s

American Police Officer A COURSE IN CHARACTER

SUMMARY: Junior Police Academy, a leading provider of police programming for youth, is pleased to

American Police Officer is a new course in character building from the Junior Police Academy. The program is an extension of the Junior Police Academy’s central philosophy: To truly inspire good character, you have to put kids in the room with it!

announce the release of “American Police Officer”, a new course in character education.

Over the past twenty years, the Junior Police Academy has been doing just that – proactively bringing young people and law enforcement professionals together. Bomb Squad, CSI, SWAT, Patrol Officer, FBI Special Agent – each is an opportunity for young people to connect and learn from members of your own community who hold a kind of advanced degree in good character. The students examine how good character is put to the extreme test to meet the challenges of public safety. Taught by SROs or community police officers, American Police Officer recognizes that police officers are uniquely qualified to inspire students. Police officers hold an advanced degree in good character! They can’t hang it on a wall, but they can put it into the classroom to inspire a new generation to time honored values. Styled after an actual police academy, the course explores the meaning and consequences of good character as seen through the eyes of law enforcement professionals – teaching students both the skills and the virtues needed to be informed and productive citizens.

Motivational posters are a great way to start a conversation about courage, justice, integrity – but sooner or later young people need to see the trait exemplified in the real world or that poster will soon mock its original intentions. In the absence of authenticity, teaching good character quickly becomes an exercise in vocabulary building – not character building. “American Police Officer” is a new course in character education from the Junior Police Academy. We replace those stock photography stand-ins with their real world counterparts.

American Police Officer TABLE OF CONTENTS

Valor

How Course is Organized 4

SWAT

Discernment Crime Scene Investigation 28

Day One 6

Persistence Welcome

Traffic Accident Investigation 30

In-Class Field Notes

Homework Field Note

Decisiveness Bomb Squad 32

Good Character: An Inventory 12

Integrity Federal Bureau of Investigation 34

Justice Good Character & the Police Officer 14

Courage U.S. Secret Service 36

Reliability Law Enforcement in the United States 16

Resourcefulness

Dependability

US Coast Guard 38

Highway Patrol 18

Grit U.S. Marshals Service 40

Diligence Police Patrol 20

Cooperation

Zeal

Crime Prevention Officer 42

K-9 Unit 22

What we could not print, awaits you online!

JuniorPoliceAcademy.org/ideas

Stouthearted Mounted Patrol 24

How Course is Organized INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

LEFT HAND PAGE contains material for the Instructor.

Opening Statements “Much of the content is written in the voice of the instructor and should be read in-class.”

Discussion Questions

Downloadable Online Resources How to Teach a Lesson The following is offered as a consistent structure that will furnish the content with an overall theme.

Part 1: Introduce GOOD CHARACTER TRAIT OF THE DAY Each lesson is centered around a single good character trait referred to as the GOOD CHARACTER TRAIT OF THE DAY (printed in red at the top of each Overview).

All media referenced in this course is available at:

Write the trait on the blackboard. This word will frame the content to follow.

Part 2: Content INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW & STUDENT HANDOUT

JuniorPoliceAcademy.org/ideas The Instructor Overview provides general instructions for conducting the class, notes to narrate presentations, questions to engage classroom discussion and story prompts suggesting ways to

1 download 2 project

include your own experience. A Student Handout is provided for each lesson. As you move through its content, encourage students to think critically about how the character trait written on the board impacts the material.

Part 3: Review Conclusion & Homework Assignment End where you began with the GOOD CHARACTER TRAIT OF THE DAY. The objective is to furnish young people with greater insight into how good character is the foundation of successful law enforcement – as well as their own lives. Before the end of each class, assign homework. Details on page 10.

Additionally you can access some multi-media content directly from printed page using a mobile device and scan code App. Look for scan code boxes on this side of page.

How Course is Organized STUDENT HANDOUT

RIGHT HAND PAGE contains material for the student.Â

Handout Masters (for duplication)

Online Resources

Day One INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Suggestion for starting class with dramatic impact: Ask class to discuss what they think would happen if tomorrow there were no police in your community.

Welcome students. “American Police Officer” is a course for building good character from the Junior Police Academy. Today you are cadets in a special academy. You will learn not only about the law enforcement profession, you will also learn about good character. You will learn why these are essential to a police officer and why our country requires it of you, its’ citizens. Post EXTREME CHARACTER REQUIRED Poster.

Discuss Good Character Traits Show the video “Police, Who Needs Them?”. (Booklet and Powerpoint also available)

Complete Library of Downloadable DIgital Content is available at

JuniorPoliceAcademy.org/ideas

Traits are distinguishing qualities of a person, while character is the sum total of these traits. Character develops over time. However, we do not know exactly how much or how early character develops. But, it is safe to claim that character does not change quickly. A person's observable behavior is an indication of her character. Start a list on the board. Have cadets call out examples of character good and bad. There could be many lists of character traits or character qualities. Review Handout

Before end of class, distribute FIELD NOTES and explain. (Details on following pages 8 – 11.)

WHAT TO SAY ON DAY ONE Junior Police Academy has produced several publications and videos that will help you kick the program off on Day One. They are available at

JuniorPoliceAcademy.org/ideas

Day One STUDENT HANDOUT

WELCOME

THE LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS:

“American Police Officer” is a new course in character building from the Junior Police Academy.

The following Law Enforcement Oath of Honor is recommended as by the International Association of Chiefs of Police as symbolic statement of commitment to ethical behavior:

You will be learning about good character in a way that is unique. Few students have the opportunity that stands before you today – to enrich your understanding of good character through the eyes of an America Police Officer! Each lesson provides students with information and

On my honor, I will never betray my badge, my integrity, my character, or the public trust. I will always have the courage to hold myself and others accountable for our actions. I will always uphold the constitution, my community, and the agency I serve. WHAT VIRTUES ARE HIDDEN IN THE OATH?: Discuss what the oath means and take special note of the virtues required of each.

insights not commonly taught in middle school. In fact, each lesson can be thought of as a pair of 3D glasses enabling young people to see and identify real examples of good character within their own community.

Honor means that one's word is given as a guarantee. Betray is defined as breaking faith with the public trust. Badge is the symbol of your office. Integrity is being the same person in both private and public life. Character means the qualities that distinguish an individual.

THE FOUNDATION

Public trust is a charge of duty imposed in faith toward those you serve.

The foundation of policing has always

Courage is having the strength to withstand unethical pressure, fear or danger.

been good character. Its finest practitioners hold a kind of advanced degree in good character. Public safety officers who adhere to the high ethical standards of their profession not only define good character, they embody it.

Accountability means that you are answerable and responsible to your oath of office. Community means the citizens served. A law enforcement officer’s fundamental duty is to serve humankind; to safeguard lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the constitutional rights of all people to liberty, equality, and justice.

Day One INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

IN-CLASS

STUDENT FIELD NOTES Distribute one to each student & explain: (Masters for Duplication are provided across the page.) Please review the form in front of you. Each of you must keep a complete set of IN-CLASS STUDENT FIELD NOTES. One for each lesson. At the start of each class, I will distribute blank IN-CLASS STUDENT FIELD NOTES to each student.

Here’s a chart of each Lesson’s corresponding Good Character Traits of the Day (in red).

Background regarding field notes: Wikipedia Definition: A police notebook, or PNB is a notebook used by police officers to officially record details and incidents while on patrol. Precision and attention to detail is essential to be a good police officer. Student’s notes should reflect the same attention to detail that is required in police report writing.

Each of you will use this form for taking notes in class. Review each box on the form, the most important of which is the GOOD CHARACTER TRAIT OF THE DAY.

Each lesson is centered around one word – the GOOD CHARACTER TRAIT OF THE DAY. This trait will be revealed to you at the beginning of each lesson when I write the trait on the blackboard. Evaluation Field Notes may be collected for instructor evaluation at anytime to ensure that students are keeping their notebook up to date! The notebook will be graded and will be a percentage of the cadet’s final grade. Notebooks will serve

Good Character: An Inventory No single trait today Good Character & the Police Officer Justice: Taking personal responsibility to uphold what is right, and true. Law Enforcement in the United States Reliability: Consistent performance upon which you can depend or trust. Highway Patrol Dependability: Fulfilling what I consented to do, even if it means unexpected sacrifice. Police Patrol Diligence: Being persistent, refusing to stop despite failures, delays and difficulties.

Traffic Accident Investigation Persistence: Continuing in spite of interference, discomfort, or other hindrances that may block the way. Bomb Squad Decisiveness: The ability to recognize key factors and finalize difficult decisions. Federal Bureau of Investigation Integrity: Live out my values in all areas of my life so other can rely upon and trust me. U.S. Secret Service Courage: The quality of mind that enables us to risk what we value for a higher purpose

K-9 Unit Zeal: A feeling of strong eagerness. Tireless devotion.

US Coast Guard Resourcefulness: The ability to act effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficult situations

Mounted Patrol Stouthearted: A quality of spirit that enables one to endure adversity with courage.

U.S. Marshals Service Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals despite adversity.

SWAT Valor: Courage to take action in support of one's convictions.

Crime Prevention Officer Cooperation: Undertaking a noble cause in association with others who are share your goal.

Crime Scene Investigation Discernment: Understanding the deeper reasons why things happen.

as a resource for the students to review before a quiz or test.

IN-CLASS

STUDENT FIELD NOTES DATE STUDENT NAME GOOD CHARACTER TRAIT of the DAY

Law Enforcement Agency or topic of lesson. Based on today’s lesson, why is “Trait of Day” vital to public safety. Other good character traits vital to today’s subject. Explain. Name of Guest Speaker (if any)

Without good character, how might this function of public safety breakdown.

MASTER

“

”

Quotable Pick a single statement that summarizes today’s lesson.

Notes

Day One INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

EXPLAIN HOMEWORK

Here’s a Chart of Lessons & Keywords.

Next we will review homework.

Lessons (in bold) are the names of upcoming classes. Keywords (in blue) are the cornerstone of each homework

Homework will be assigned at the end of each class and is

assignment and are generally the name of the law enforcement agency (FBI) or public safety function (K-9) that will be covered in

due at the beginning of the following class period.

the next lesson. Instructors assign keywords at the end of class.

Distribute one blank STUDENT FIELD NOTES Homework form to each student. (Masters for

Good Character: An Inventory

None Today

Duplication are provided across the page.)

Good Character & the Police Officer

Police Officer

Law Enforcement in the United States

Law Enforcement

Highway Patrol

Police Patrol

K-9 Unit

K-9

Mounted Patrol

SWAT

Crime Scene Investigation

CSI

Traffic Accident Investigation

Bomb Squad

Federal Bureau of Investigation

FBI

U.S. Secret Service

Secret Service

US Coast Guard

Coast Guard

U.S. Marshals Service

Marshals Service

Crime Prevention Officer

At the end of each class, I will distribute these forms and assign to you a new KEYWORD which you must write in the box at the top of the form before leaving the classroom. Generally speaking, this KEYWORD will be the subject of our upcoming class. Your task will be to do some research on the subject so that you are better prepared to tackle the content in the classroom. You will need to use a computer to complete each assignment, so plan accordingly.

A complete list of lessons and their KEYWORDS is provided on this page.

HOMEWORK

STUDENT FIELD NOTES DUE DATE STUDENT NAME KEYWORD Instructor will assign a keyword.

WIKI DEFINITION Visit Wikipedia.org and define your keyword.

What did you find? Where is it? (Address or name building)

MAP KEYWORD! (Pinpoint nearest example of keyword in your community)

TOP TRAIT List Character trait you think relevant to keyword. Briefly defend your answer.

WORST CASE SCENARIO Without good character, how might functions of Keyword breakdown.

FACTS WORTH REPEATING (Provide the latest stats or news regarding keyword.)

Good Character: An Inventory INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Instructor: Welcome students. In this class, you will come to think of good character as a source of strength that will define your life. But let's be clear – what do we mean by good character? Let’s make some distinctions: • Traits are distinguishing qualities of a person, while character is the sum total of these traits. • Character develops over time. However, we do not know exactly how much or how early character develops. • It is safe to say that character does not change quickly. • A person's observable behavior is an indication of her character, but that is all.

Review Student handout: Good Character: An Inventory

Traits of Special Merit A person of good character demonstrates these traits in his or her actions and behaviors. Trustworthiness: If you are trustworthy, you are honest, loyal, and reliable—you do what you say you’ll do.You have the courage to do the right thing, and you don’t deceive, cheat or steal. Respect: Showing respect means being considerate of others and tolerant of differences. It also means using good manners.You make decisions that show you respect your health and the health of others.You treat people and property with care. Responsibility: Being responsible means using self-control—you think before you act and consider the consequences.You are accountable for your choices and decisions—you don’t blame others for your actions. Responsible people try to do their best, and they persevere even when things don’t go as planned. Fairness: If you are fair, you play by the rules, take turns, and share.You are open-minded, and you listen to others.You don’t take advantage of others, and you don’t assign blame to others. Caring: A caring person is kind and compassionate. When you care about others,you express gratitude, you are forgiving, and you help people in need. Citizenship: Citizenship is today’s good character trait. Emphasize how all the traits reviewed have the potential to be either self serving or used in service to better communities Ask students what it means to be a good neighbor. Have them consider ways they can put their talents to good use as a citizen. Ask why the other traits can strengthen their commitment to citizenship.

Discuss ways students can improve their character Positive character traits can be developed. There is a simple, three step process to integrate a new positive trait into your life. Step 1. OBSERVE Notice what you want to change. Do you tend to judge others? Do you let greed rule your spending decisions? Are you easily angered? Take the time to observe how you think and behave with the goal of becoming better. Step 2. CHOOSE ONE Choose one positive character trait to focus on developing. Step 3. AWARENESS Become aware of your actions and choices as you move throughout your day. If you notice that you are slipping back into old habits, ask yourself, what would someone who is _______ (insert the trait your focusing on) do in this situation? Then act accordingly. For more information, visit characterfirst.com.

Good Character: An Inventory STUDENT HANDOUT

Below are the character traits that make up a person’s character.

✓ Put a check next the those you think are most essential building character.

★ Put a star beside those traits you think you possess.

• Underline those you think are lacking in your character.

Alertness – Being aware of what is taking place around me so I can have the right responses.

Helpfulness — A kind and helpful nature is the sign of a true friend.

Attentiveness – Showing the worth of a person or task by giving my undivided concentration.

Heroic — Real heroes have the courage to help regardless of recognition.

Benevolence – Giving to others basic needs without having as my motive personal reward.

Honor – Respecting others because of their worth as human beings

Boldness – Confidence that what I have to say or do is true, right, and just.

Integrity – Steadfast adherence to ethical principles Loyalty – Using difficult times to demonstrate my commitment to those things I value.

Cautiousness – Knowing how important right timing is in accomplishing right actions.

Patience – Accepting a difficult situation without giving a deadline to remove it.

Compassion – Investing whatever is necessary to heal the hurts of others. Citizenship —For our government to be most effective– you must be involved. Caring — To place high value on the well-being of others. Courage — Meeting danger, pain, or difficulty despite fear.

Persuasiveness – Guiding vital truths around another’s mental roadblocks. Punctuality – Showing esteem for others by doing the right thing at the right time. Resourcefulness – Finding practical uses for that which others would overlook or discard.

Courtesy — Value others by treating them with respect.

Responsibility – Knowing and doing what is expected of me.

Creativity – Approaching a need, a task, or an idea from a new perspective. Decisiveness – The ability to recognize key factors and finalize difficult decisions.

Security – Structuring my life around that which cannot be destroyed or taken away. Self-Control – Rejecting wrong desires and doing what is right.

Dependability – Fulfilling what I consented to do, even if it means unexpected sacrifice.

Sensitivity – Perceiving the true attitudes and emotions of those around me.

Determination – Diligence to accomplish right goals at the right time, regardless of the opposition.

Sincerity – Eagerness to do what is right with transparent motives.

Dignity — Protect and defend the esteem of others. Diligence – Investing my time and energy to complete each task assigned to me. Discernment – Understanding the deeper reasons why things happen. Discretion – Recognizing and avoiding words, actions, and attitudes that could bring undesirable consequences. Endurance – The inward strength to withstand stress and do my best. Justice – Taking personal responsibility to uphold what is pure, right, and true. Kindness — Desire to help others without any evident promise of reward.

Tenacity The acquired habit of expending considerable energy in the steady pursuit of some goal, diligence is required wherever excellence is sought. Thoroughness – Knowing what factors will diminish the effectiveness of my work or words if neglected. Tolerance — Be patient with those who do not share your opinions or ways. Truthfulness – Earning future trust by accurately reporting past facts. Virtue – The moral excellence evident in my life as I consistently do what is right.

Good Character & the Police Officer INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Justice: Fair. impartial. giving a deserved response. The courage to stand for the truth, against any odds.

Distribute and discuss student handout: Review “What police do” list, followed by a discussion of “How they do it”. Make a distinction between what police do (functions and duties) and how they do it (good character being predominant factor).

Police officers too are confronted with ethical situations. This is when they draw on extraordinary powers that are well within the reach of every student here. Master these powers and you can tackle most any situation. Review:

“Life is Not Fair, But I Am” Read below from police officer’s oath as written by the International Association of Chiefs of Police "A police officer will use responsibly the discretion vested in the position and exercise it within the law. The principles of reasonableness will guide the officer's determinations and

Have student read aloud:

The Art of Policing: A Message from 1930 Discuss its timeless wisdom and relevance to policing and citizenship today.

the officer will consider all surrounding circumstances in determining whether any legal action shall be taken." Ask students about the importance of discretion. Suggest: The police simply cannot enforce all of the laws all of the time. Aside from the inability to do so, police must have reasonable discretion to resolve the myriad human problems and conflicts that confront them. In law enforcement, police officers are often confronted by situations not covered in the police academy. In many situations officers have to balance enforcement of laws with preservation of life. There are sometimes no easy choices. Ask the students to think of situations a police officer must face in which there is no clear legal guidance as to how to proceed. These situations demand good character.

Good Character & the Police Officer STUDENT HANDOUT

What police do: •

• • • • • • • • •

Provide for public safety by maintaining order, responding to emergencies, protecting people and property, enforcing motor vehicle and criminal laws, and promoting good community relations. Record facts to prepare reports that document incidents and activities. Monitor, note, report, and investigate suspicious persons and situations, safety hazards, and unusual or illegal activity in patrol area. Identify, pursue, and arrest suspects and perpetrators of criminal acts. Patrol specific areas on foot, horseback, or motorized conveyance, responding promptly to calls for assistance. Review facts of incidents to determine if criminal acts or statute violations were involved. Render aid to accident victims and other persons requiring first aid for physical injuries. Investigate traffic accidents and other accidents to determine causes and to determine if a crime has been committed. Testify in court to present evidence or act as witness in traffic and criminal cases. Photograph or draw diagrams of crime or accident scenes and interview principals and eyewitnesses.

How they do it. • • • • •

Work in full transparency and accountability Act without consideration of personal interest Demonstrate impartiality and neutrality in decision making Do not abuse power or authority Take prompt action in cases of unprofessional or unethical behavior.

“Life is Not Fair, But I Am” Life is not fair, but a police officer must be. That is what is expected. Discuss the expectations below. How hard is it to adopt each in your personal life? Fair Access The police, as a social resource, must provide fair and open access to all services. No particular person or group can benefit from favoritism, and no particular person or group can be neglected. Public Trust Over time, citizens have given up the right to enforce their rights, and now trust the police to do that for them. That public trust, symbolized by the badge of office, must be honored in the conduct of police business. For example, the public trusts police to exercise reasonable restraint in the use of force, that police officers will not use the badge of office to obtain personal gain, and that the police will be accountable to the people. 15

Objectivity The police must be neutral, disinterested parties in their interactions with members of the public. Officers may not agree with the lifestyles or actions of people with whom they interact, and they may disagree with laws enacted by governing bodies. However, they must set aside bias and personal feelings and objectively make decisions based upon the situation and the law.

The Art of Policing: A Message from 1930 The duties and responsibilities of law enforcement officers require that they maintain high standards of conduct. In his 1930 preface to The Policeman's Manual (1), George Chandler, the first Superintendent of the New York State Police wrote: Police is one of the most important developments of civilization. The detection and prevention of crime is not an exact science. It is an art. A policeman is only a citizen who has chosen to be the servant of the public, one having no more and no less rights than any other citizen. The more intelligent he is, and the more he knows of police work, the less will he be an autocrat. He will realize his limitations, will know that a democracy is only as strong as its majority, and that in our country government is with and by the consent of the governed. He will realize that he must work along prescribed lines, that he can not be used by any persons or organizations to coerce a citizen, or to settle personal grievances, or enforce private ideas of morality, but should give the maximum of protection with the minimum interference with the lawful rights of a citizen. Penology, or the art of punishment, is not for the policeman. He must not be interested in what happens to a prisoner after the prisoner is brought to justice and has received his sentence. This is not his affair. Whether 'an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth' is right or wrong is not for a police office to decide. His work must be of such a high character that all who come in contact with him must realize that he is a trained officer having as his ideal the fact that obedience to law is liberty.

Law Enforcement in the United States INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Reliability: Consistent performance upon which you can depend or trust.

Instructor: Law enforcement in the United States, vast and sometimes confusing, is the most

The following narrative should be read in conjunction with “There’s Patch for That” Publication and/or video: “A Dangerous World”.

where people can live — it has the capacity for horrific violence. Nature turns deadly in the form of hurricanes, tornadoes, winter storms and devastating fire. Boats capsize, people become stranded and fight to survive.

complex organization of police departments and agencies in the world. In this lesson we will try and make sense of law enforcement in the

You are in charge — starting now.

United States. Everything that can go wrong, does. Homicides, burglaries, assaults, cars

Consider this.... Together they reinforce the idea that in a Let's pretend for a moment that you have been put in charge of Earth and that this is the first time you have seen our planet.

complicated world, a complex mix of public safety organizations are needed. Download at

JuniorPoliceAcademy.org/ideas

From space, the Earth appears to be

crashing into one another, wild animals attack, people go missing. In short, a day like any other here on planet Earth. You’re in stitches. What will you do?

an oasis of calm and tranquility. Wait! You just remembered, for every But as Earth's future leaders, you need to understand that Earth only appears tranquil from space. To really understand what you have inherited, you must come down to Earth. You will see a world that is beautiful, yet complicated and dangerous. Remember, you are now in charge. And as you are enlightened leaders, you are committed to freedom and justice for all people. You also wish to provide for the relative safety of Earth’s inhabitants. You have some challenges ahead. Many free individuals do not respect the rights of others. They cheat, steal, act recklessly and prey on others. They exploit, abuse, subjugate and kill others out of greed, passion, prejudice, malice and madness.

crime or crisis “there’s a patch for that! ” Welcome to the world of American law enforcement. Spread out across the country, these are the people who are a lifeline to those peril and answer the call of justice. Behind all the acronyms, heavy equipment and cutting edge technology, public safety ultimately is about people helping people. This program is about understanding how law enforcement meets challenges of a dangerous world. Because ultimately, the challenge will be yours.

Now review Student Handout

Others target the Earth itself. They willfully or negligently contaminate our resources. It's not only people who are dangerous, nature too has the power to kill and devastate lives. While Earth provides an environment

Law Enforcement in the United States STUDENT HANDOUT

Types of Sworn Law Enforcement Careers Sworn law enforcement officers are those who have taken an oath to support the constitution of the United States, their state, and the laws of their agencyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s jurisdiction. Sworn officers also have the authority to make arrests and carry firearms.

The Federal Government works in many areas of law enforcement. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents are the governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s principal investigators, responsible for investigating violations of more than 200 categories of federal law and conducting sensitive national security investigations. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agents enforce laws and regulations relating to illegal drugs.

Uniformed police officers have general law enforcement duties, including maintaining regular patrols and responding to calls for service. Much of their time is spent responding to calls and doing paperwork.

U.S. marshals and deputy marshals protect the federal courts and ensure the effective operation of the judicial system.

They may direct traffic at the scene of an accident, investigate a burglary, or give first aid to an accident victim. In large police departments, officers usually are assigned to a specific type of duty.

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives agents enforce and investigate violations of federal firearms and explosives laws, as well as federal alcohol and tobacco tax regulations. The U.S. Department of State

Sheriffs and deputy sheriffs enforce the law on the county level. Sheriffs are usually elected to their posts and perform duties similar to those of a local or county police chief. Deputy sheriffs often have law enforcement duties similar to those of officers in police departments.

The Department of Homeland Security also employs numerous law enforcement officers within several different agencies, including Customs and Border Protection, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and the U.S. Secret Service.

State police officers, sometimes called state troopers or highway patrol officers, arrest criminals and patrol highways to enforce motor vehicle laws and regulations. State police officers often issue traffic citations to motorists. State law enforcement agencies operate in every state except Hawaii. Specialized assignments are available after at least two years of regular patrol duties. Officers can specialize in a particular field, such as training and firearms instruction, or handwriting and fingerprint identification.

U.S. Border Patrol agents protect more than 8,000 miles of international land and water boundaries. Immigration inspectors interview and examine people seeking entrance to the United States and its territories. Customs inspectors enforce laws governing imports and exports by inspecting cargo, baggage, and articles worn or carried by people, vessels, vehicles, trains, and aircraft entering or leaving the United States.

Others work with special units, such as horseback, bicycle, motorcycle, or harbor patrol; canine corps; special weapons and tactics (SWAT); or emergency response teams.

So, whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s with all the patches?

Highway Patrol INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Dependability: Fulfilling what I consented to do, even if it means unexpected sacrifice.

State police officers (sometimes called state troopers or highway patrol officers) arrest criminals statewide and patrol highways to enforce motor vehicle laws and regulations. Each state in the United States except Hawaii has a

Anything with Wheels

state police department, called the State Police, State Patrol or Highway Patrol, depending on the state.

Vehicles, large and small, consume a large percentage of a law enforcer’s time on duty. State

Often, these departments focus on enforcing the law in places where municipal police departments don’t

troopers are required to:

exist, such as isolated rural areas and highways.

★*Enforce traffic and parking laws and ordinances ★*Investigate traffic accidents

Uniformed officers are best known for issuing traffic

★*Check vehicles for proper registration

citations to motorists who violate the law. At the scene of accidents, they may direct traffic, give first

★*Request emergency assistance for accidents

aid, and call for emergency equipment. They also write reports used to determine the cause of the accident. State police officers are frequently called upon to render assistance to other law enforcement agencies, especially those in rural areas or small towns.

★*Identify owners of vehicles involved in accidents ★*Control, regulate, and direct traffic, vehicular and pedestrian ★*Locate witnesses to accidents ★*Direct traffic using barriers, flares, and hand signals ★*Administer roadside sobriety tests ★*Follow suspicious vehicles

Each state is different, though. In heavily rural states like Alaska, the State Troopers do a lot of regional

★*Operate breathalyzer test apparatus

policing, investigating crimes such as assault and

★*Arrange for obtaining blood or urine samples for

burglary. In South Dakota, a state known for its recreational areas, that state police department’s

sobriety tests

jurisdiction is primarily game and fishing law. Since each state is different, it means that you could

★*Aid the injured

get a speeding ticket from a state trooper in Utah,

★*Measure skid marks

arrested by an Alaska state trooper for robbing someone and written up for fishing off-season in

★*Issue parking citations

South Dakota. It all depends on the state’s particular needs and jurisdictions.

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following

★*Remove hazards from roadway

★*Collect physical evidence from accident scenes ★*Assist stranded motorists

page.

Highway Patrol STUDENT HANDOUT

Duties of highway patrols or traffic police may include the following: Accident investigation: Gathering evidence to determine the cause of a roadway accident. Commercial vehicle enforcement: Enforcing highway laws related to commercial transport, including weight limits and hazardous materials rules. Education: Providing public information, handouts, and displays to encourage safe driving and usage of the roads. Emergency response: Securing the scene of a traffic accident by using cones and flares as well as providing first aid to the injured. Law enforcement: Assisting local police in rural areas, and keeping an eye out for nontraffic violations. Maintenance: Observing and reporting damage to the roadways, and conducting road surveys after disasters or the passage of inclement weather. Traffic enforcement: Enforcing laws and regulations intended to improve traffic safety, such as speed limits.

TRAFFIC LAWS A state trooper most often enforces traffic laws. The following are among the most commonly broken traffic laws. (Laws may vary slightly from state to state.) Review and discuss. Consumption or Possession of Alcoholic Beverage in Motor Vehicle

No person may operate a motor vehicle in a public place while consuming an alcoholic beverage. Penalties - Class C Misdemeanor: $500 fine. Driving Without Insurance A person is guilty of Driving without Insurance who operates a motor vehicle without a motor vehicle liability insurance policy in effect. Penalties Misdemeanor: Up to $500 in fines. Up to 6 months in jail. Failure to Observe Traffic Signals No driver may fail to comply with a traffic signal or fail to stop at a stop sign at the stop line, crosswalk or place where that person has a view of approaching traffic. Penalties - Misdemeanor: $1 to $200 in fines. Drunk Driving A person is guilty of drunk driving who operates a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated and (1) who does not have normal use of mental or physical facilities due to alcohol or drugs or (2) who has an alcohol concentration of .08 or more.

TRAFFIC LAWS THAT GET NO RESPECT Yield to Emergency Vehicles This is one of the most violated laws. When an emergency vehicle with its lights flashing and siren sounding approaches, you must pull over to the side of the road and stop. This gives the emergency vehicle a clear path. Do Not Cross the Median or Private Property It is illegal to drive across ANY median. Jumping the median to get on the frontage road when traffic is congested on the freeway is not only illegal and dangerous, it's arrogant.You're no more important

than anyone else stuck on the highway. Common, but Unacceptable, Excuses when Fighting a Traffic Violation *The driver claims they were honestly mistaken about the law. For example, if a driver tells the judge that they honestly thought it was okay to just slow down instead of stopping at a blinking red light, his reply is almost sure to be, "Sorry, ignorance of the law is no excuse." *The driver argues that their violation didn't harm anybody. Again, sorry, everyone is legally required to stop at a red light even if it's 3:00 a.m. and no other vehicle is moving within two miles.

Police Patrol

INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Diligence: Being persistent, refusing to stop despite failures, delays and difficulties.

Introduction to Patrol Patrol is the first line of defense against crime. Why? • It puts you where the people are. • It promotes contact with citizens so they get to know their police officer. • Allows for officers to be nearby when a cry for help comes in to the dispatcher. Patrol officers may even stumble upon a crime or hazardous situation that requires immediate attention, such as a street sign twisted so it miss-identifies the cross street, the traffic signal that isn't working, the pothole left by last night's rain, the broken tree limb that brought down a live electric line, or a gas leak that could explode when someone lights a cigarette. The first assignment you will receive as a new officer will probably be patrol. Your job will be to poke your nose into places the public would pass by with little notice. It may sound like it’s not much fun, but when approached with the right attitude, patrol is one of the more interesting aspects of police work. Patrol accounts for the biggest portion of police work in most police agencies. The terms “patrolling” and ”on patrol” generally refer to what officers do while not handling calls for service—officers do this mostly in patrol cars, but sometimes on foot, on bicycles, on horseback, or the like.

While on patrol, officers may: • • • •

Look for traffic violations suspicious behavior disorder unsafe conditions.

They may also look for opportunities to interact with the public in casual or more formal situations.

History of Patrol Before cars and radios, police response to emergencies and other crises was more like the fire department model – from the station.

two technologies changed everything: the automobile and the two-way radio. The impact of these two basic technologies was enormous. Automobiles dramatically affected police patrol in the twentieth century. As more and more of the public got into cars, so did the police. Motorized police patrol was deemed necessary to pursue motorized criminals and to enforce traffic laws. Motorized patrol also came to be seen as more efficient than foot patrol, since a larger area could be watched by police in cars. Then, the addition of the two-way radio made it possible for personnel at police headquarters to contact patrol officers in the field and dispatch them to respond to citizen requests for assistance.

“Somebody Call the Police!” As the twentieth century progressed, police patrol became more and more dependent on the car and the radio. The public learned to call the police whenever crime or disorder was suspected, and calls for police assistance increased steadily.

One or Two? A major issue in the 1970s was one-officer versus two-officer patrol cars. The conventional wisdom at the time was that two patrol officers per car were more effective because of the value of two sets of eyes watching and two sets of hands if something happened. Also, it was assumed that two officers in a patrol car were safer than one officer alone. Research found, though, that one-officer cars were as safe and as productive as two-officer cars. To this day, many officers still prefer two-officer patrol cars for the companionship and perceived safety advantages that they offer, but modern practice relies mainly on one-officer cars in the vast majority of agencies.

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page.

Officers on patrol were out on the streets watching, but they were not in continuous communication with headquarters.

Police Patrol STUDENT HANDOUT Patrol remains the backbone of police operations. It consumes most of the resources of police agencies. On patrol, a police officer makes regular circuits or passes through a specific area called a beat. Patrol has three parts: 1. answering calls 2. maintaining a police presence to deter crime 3. probing suspicious circumstances Types of Patrol The kinds of police patrol include foot patrol, horse or mounted patrol, scooter or motorcycle patrol, patrol car, canine patrol, bicycle patrol, marine patrol and air patrol, both plane and helicopter. Foot vs. Vehicle Officers sometimes patrol on foot but usually ride in cars. The main advantage of car patrol over foot patrol is increased efficiency of coverage. A disadvantage of car patrol is that it reduces police contacts with citizens. Studies of foot patrol indicate that these patrols are costly and do not reduce crime. They do, however, make citizens less fearful of crime and improve citizen attitudes toward the police. What Are the Benefits of Police Car Patrols? Many communities use random police car patrols throughout neighborhoods. There are a variety of benefits associated with police car patrols, positive aspects that have expanded the use of this practice across the United States. Neighborhood Safety A benefit of police car patrols is heightened neighborhood safety. Fast Response Police car patrols throughout a community ensures more rapid response to a crime scene.

Communities that utilize police car patrols generally have a proportionally lower crime rate than those cities and towns that do not use such a process. Two Wheels Motorcycles are also commonly used, particularly in locations that a car may not be able to access, to control potential public order situations involving meetings of motorcyclists and often in escort duties where the motorcycle policeman can quickly clear a path for the escorted vehicle. Bicycle patrols are used in some areas because they allow for more open interaction with the public. In addition, their quieter operation can facilitate approaching suspects unawares and can help in pursuing them attempting to escape on foot. Segway Today more than 1,200 police departments and public safety organizations across the globe use the Segway Personal Transporter (PT) to monitor all sorts of environments. It’s a tool that many law enforcement and private security agencies have added to their arsenal to improve visibility, mobility, community policing programs and reduce costs. Discuss... Discuss the character traits required for remaining vigilant on patrol. Why is patrol a task that requires tenacity? In what cases does it require courage?

Community Connections Neighborhoods that enjoy police car patrols have residents with a close connection to law enforcement and vice versa. Lower Crime Rate

Check out “IMAGES ON PATROL” Visit our student publications at JuniorPoliceAcademy.org/ideas

K-9 Unit INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Zeal: A feeling of strong eagerness. Tireless devotion.

Instructor: Dogs play a crucial role in many law enforcement activities, most of which revolve around their most valuable tool: their noses. A dog's sense of smell is said to be thousands of times more powerful than that of humans. While a human has about 5 million smell receptors in its nose, a dog has more than 220 million! Because of this keen sense of smell, dogs are able to locate everything from dead bodies to disaster survivors as evidenced after the recent spate of deadly tornadoes that ripped through the midwest. Dogs can sniff out all sorts of things in all sorts of places: survivors in the rubble of an earthquake; drugs hidden in a suitcase at the airport; bombs in cars or packages; bodies buried deep in forests; and guns in closets. Working with police dogs can be very sad. One man who worked with rescue dogs after an avalanche explained that, “after spending about 8 hours going through an avalanche area, we were all exhausted, but a couple of the dogs were still trying to find anybody they could. Once we had accounted for everybody, a couple trainers asked some of us to partly bury ourselves so that the dogs could end their day finding a live body. The dog that found me was ecstatic that it had finally found somebody to save.” K-9 Units are a valuable part of many police departments. Dogs perform law enforcement duties that are beyond the physical capabilities of human beings.

Deterrence Patrolling in a well-marked K-9 vehicle is an extremely effective tool for deterring crime. The psychological advantage of having a K-9 team patrolling an area is deemed to be tremendous. IT'S ALL IN THE NOSE Tracking is a prime function of the working police dog. Tracking suspects from burglaries, stolen cars, and robberies, or tracking lost children or adults are functions that, in the majority of conditions, a human cannot possibly duplicate. Again, it comes down to the fact that the K-9's sense of smell is many times greater than the human's. A dog is capable of smelling the odor of a human being from hundreds of yards away when the odor is carried by the slightest breeze. At least 97% of the work that the K-9 does is with its nose. DRAWBACKS A small department does not want an officer seeing his/ her position as a K-9 handler as an excuse to ignore regular police duties. All too often this has been one of the main reasons for disbanding a K-9 Unit. The handler should be ready to accept all duties of the regular patrol force, in addition to the extra work and risk of being a K-9 handler.

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page.

THE CANINE HISTORY The training of dogs for police work was originally developed in Ghent, Belgium (as early as 1859) and was soon being used elsewhere throughout the European continent. Breeds with especially keen senses are used for special purposes, such as detecting caches of illegal drugs or for tracking fugitives and missing persons. The most widely trained dogs for patrol work are the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois, Boxers, Doberman Pinschers, Airedale Terriers, Rottweilers, Giant Schnauzers, and Bloodhounds.

WHY K-9 UNITS ARE NECESSARY? K-9 Units can be very effective in any community, but the choice to create one is based upon the departments workload, crime statistics and size.

Thank your guest speaker from the K-9 Unit. Print out K-9 thank you card at www.juniorpoliceacademy.org/ideas/

K-9 Unit STUDENT HANDOUT

FOUR LEGGED CRIME FIGHTERS

wrapping drugs in towels soaked

can't intimidate him, they can't try

with perfume, but the dogs find the drugs anyway.

to scare him.

A police dog, often referred to as a "K-9 dog" in some areas (which is

It isn't all about his nose.

When a conflict does arise, dogs are faster and stronger than most

a homophone of canine), is a dog that is trained specifically to assist

The intimidating growl of a well-

humans, able to catch a fleeing

police and other law-enforcement

trained German shepherd can cause many criminals to surrender

criminal and clamp down with powerful jaws to apprehend the

personnel in their work.

instead of running or fighting.

suspect until other officers arrive. Dogs have more than earned their

One commonly used breed is the German Shepherd, although now

The very presence of a police dog

place in the police

can prevent physical confrontations. A criminal knows

forces of the world.

Belgian Malinois are popular dogs to use. Drug smugglers have tried to fool drug-sniffing dogs by

they can't reason with a dog, they

There are specific questions a police department should consider before you and your K-9 partner go on patrol. Unfortunately, K-9 handlers have often learned the answers to these questions unexpectedly with embarrassing or even tragic results. 1. Can I fire my weapon next to him? 2. Can my back up fire his weapon near the K-9 team? 3. Can I recall my dog during a stressful event? 4. Can he defend himself alone for more than (5) minutes of fight? 5. Will he search anywhere in a building, including dark rooms, stairs, crawl spaces, and basements? 6. How will he react to gunfire in a building? 7. Will he exit the cruiser to come aid me during a fight? 8. What happens if I go to the ground first during a fight? 9. Will he alert or apprehend a passive subject? 10. Can I trust my dog at demonstrations? 11. Do I have to hold him, while doing tactical maneuvers, and will this affect my ability to shoot during a hot situation? 12. What happens when the suspects goes passive after a fight, will my dog stay with the suspect or leave? 13. Can I move with a bunch of officers tactically and safely? 14. What if my dog finds food along the track or in a building? 15. Will he stay down and quiet for more than twenty minutes? 16. Will he jump a chain link fence after a suspect, or allow me to carry him over obstacles and up stairs? 17. Is there someone else that can handle my partner if need be?

EXTRA CREDIT HOMEWORK Consider your own dog or a friend's -- how would they react in the situations listed above? What temperament would be required for a dog to work well in law enforcement? 1. Define “working dog”. 2. Where was the training of dogs for police departments first developed? 3. List the special purposes for which working dogs are used? 4. What is “tracking” and what are its uses? 5. What do you need to consider before starting a K-9 unit?

Mounted Patrol INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Stouthearted: A quality of spirit that enables one to endure adversity with courage.

Instructor: Although not as prominent as before

A well-known mounted police force is the Royal

the introduction and proliferation of the automobile, horse-mounted units are still used by

Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). The RCMP currently uses standard police methods and does

police departments today.

not use any horses operationally to perform their duties.

Essential functions of horse-mounted patrols still include crowd control, presence at special events, patrolling highly congested areas, and public

How to Prepare for Mounted Patrol

relations.

There are many things you can do to prepare yourself for mounted patrol. You need to take

Even though horse-mounted patrols are sometimes

lessons, go to a horse farm and get to know the owner. Ask him if you can help with the horses in

difficult to implement and maintain by departments, most that use these special patrols

exchange for lessons if you can’t afford them.

believe the advantages of having them outweigh the few disadvantages.

There are good books on the subject, you can

Discuss uses of mounted patrol.

become an intern, and you can volunteer with organizations that care for horses. Get to know a person who is a mounted patrol officer and shadow

Parks and Crowd Control

them.

Mounted police may be employed for specialized duties ranging from patrol of parks and wilderness areas, where police cars would be impractical or noisy, to riot duty, where the horse serves to intimidate those whom it is desired to disperse through its larger size, or may be sent in to snatch trouble makers or offenders from the crowd.

Rules for Riders There is a special relationship between a horse and its rider. Don’t get on your horse in a bad mood because they will not work for you. They are intuitive and can pick up on your emotions. You need to become one with your horse especially when you are riding them.

Where no vehicle can tread For example, in the UK, mounted police are most often seen at football matches, although they are also a common sight on the streets of many towns and cities as a visible police presence and crime

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page.

deterrent during the day and night. Some mounted police units are trained in search and rescue due to the horse's ability to travel where vehicles cannot.

Mounted Patrol STUDENT HANDOUT

10 ft. Cops Mounted police are police who patrol on horseback (equestrians) or camelback. They continue to serve in remote areas and in metropolitan areas where their day-to-day function may be picturesque or ceremonial, but they are also employed in crowd control because of their mobile mass and height advantage.

Advantages The advantages of patrolling on horseback include having a clearer view of an area, greater public visibility, and the ability to operate in close places.

What to look for in a Great Mounted Patrol Horse! The physical attributes that are of primary significance in selecting a horse for law enforcement work are gender, weight, age, height, and breed. The majority of mounted patrol units rely on geldings (altered male horses), though some do use mares and/or stallions. There are, however, other considerations: BRAVE A mounted patrol horse can sometimes see strange things on the streets or in the park. He must have a "brave heart" to continue to go forward. A simple flag or street sign may scare him at the moment. He must be strong and bring the patrol officer where he is told. SMART Mounted patrol horses go through challenging training. They must learn how to walk through crowds, keep people away, and be comfortable around many different obstacles. He must be smart enough to understand and do every one of the skills perfectly. FRIENDLY People love horses and a mounted patrol horse must enjoy meeting people who approach him. Adults and children will want to pet him. He needs to stand patiently when the police officer answers questions that the people may ask of him. He must never be a biter or a kicker. RELIABLE

Check out JPA publications on Mounted Patrol at:

A mounted patrol horse must be reliable every day and he must give 100%. He must never turn around and want to go back to the barn. He must load on the trailer nicely. He must trust and listen to his rider and do whatever is asked.

juniorpoliceacademy.org/ideas/

LOVE THE JOB All the training in the world will never make the perfect mounted patrol horse, if the horse does not like what he is doing. If he and his rider have a nice connection, and the horse truly loves paroling the streets and park, then that is the final step to a perfect mounted patrol horse.Â Â

SWAT INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Valor: Courage to take action in support of one's convictions.

Introductory Statement. They carry semi and fully automatic pistols, sub-machine guns, assault rifles, shotguns, and flash-bang grenades and wear heavy body armor. But these are not military commandos -- they are the members of a Special Weapons and Tactics Unit, more commonly known as SWAT. They are the "go-to" team in a high-risk, volatile situation, when surgical precision and advanced tactics are required. These elite team members train frequently and rigorously, and they must keep current on the everchanging science of crisis resolution. This is why LAPD SWAT remains the most respected group of its kind. An old saying goes, "When people are in trouble they call the police. When the police are in trouble they call SWAT!"

TRAINING Because SWAT teams are required to perform the most hazardous of tasks, such as freeing hostages, it is of paramount importance that they be well-trained. SWAT teams are on twenty-four-hour call and have a clearly defined call-up procedure that automatically goes into effect whenever a department dispatcher receives a potential SWAT call.

MAKING THE TEAM •

•

• •

SWAT teams are staffed by regular police officers selected for the teams after meeting certain stringent criteria: SWAT team members are required to have a normal psychological profile, with emphasis on the ability to work well as a member of a team. Without question, each member must be physically fit and not have any limiting physical characteristics. They must be adept in the use of special equipment such as ropes

• • • •

•

and rappelling paraphernalia, which they can use to enter a structure from a rooftop or from a hovering helicopter. They must be able to use explosives to blast doors, walls, or roofs in order to make a quick and safe entry. Officers must pass a standard physical test that includes a two mile run, push ups, pull ups, and sit ups. They must qualify with department firearms to a higher standard than the non-SWAT patrol officer. The team members train together, as a team, at least once a month, but usually more frequently. Quarterly, the physical and firearms standards must be met by all members of the SWAT team. SWAT officers train on the average of 16 hours per month and must be on call 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

DISCUSS THE COMPONENTS O F A S W AT T E A M Building the perfect SWAT team. Review the following components that make up an effective team: The Command Post The Command Team consists of the Team leader and his lieutenants. They are in constant communication with the other team members by way of state of the art headpieces and must make onthe-spot decisions about the nature of the engagement depending on how the situation plays out. The Negotiator The Negotiation Team consists of members who have been trained in psychology and are able to make a field assessment of any hostage scenario. They are essential in diffusing a potentially violent and dangerous situation. The Sniper The Sniper Team consists of members who are highly skilled in the arts of camouflage and long distance shooting with state-of-the-art weaponry.

While their main task is to provide cover and fire support, they are also instrumental in providing up-to-theminute intelligence to the Command Post. This information could be crucial in making decisions regarding assault plans and life-threatening situations. They are also known as the perimeter or containment team. The Entry Team The name says it all. This team is comprised of members who are skilled in the art of explosives, forced entry and frontal assault. They are heavily armed with projectile weapons, smoke bombs, flash bombs and tear gas. Performance The true success of a SWAT team, however, is not measured in equipment, but in their performance as a team. A team that is untrained, undisciplined, and inexperienced, is a liability to its community, no matter how well armed and equipped they may be.

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page.

SWAT STUDENT HANDOUT

F I V E E M E R G E N C Y S I T U AT I O N S S U I T E D T O S W AT D E P L O Y M E N T : SWAT teams are used in any of five incidents: • In hostage-related incidents, although negotiation is the ideal method of resolution, negotiations sometimes break down and the crisis has to be resolved tactically. • Sniper situations pose a great threat to innocent civilians and must be resolved quickly and decisively. • Barricaded suspects often have to be overcome or arrested in order for public tranquility to return to a neighborhood or commercial area. • Sometimes other police units call upon SWAT teams to aid in the arrest of subjects who are heavily armed. Usually a team will have the upper hand in firepower. • Teams are usually called upon to provide anti-sniper protection for dignitaries.

CONSIDER & DISCUSS WHEN TO DEPLOY A S W AT T E A M What if you’re dispatched to a call of a sniper perched on a tall building? A SWAT sniper is needed here. How about a plane hijacking at your local airport? How about a suspect or domestic terrorist holed up in an apartment complex with enough explosive material to level the apartments? How about an armed suicidal suspect in a crowded fast food joint? How about a Columbine High School situation?

W H E N TA L K I N G I S T H E B E S T O P T I O N But when might a police negotiator be more appropriate? Your instructor will discuss with you the considerations that come into play when dealing with critical incidents. Police departments have created Special Weapons and Tactics Teams (S.W.A.T.) to try and counter an ever-increasing propensity for violence in our communities throughout the country. The team in those days was comprised of a few volunteers with no budget and little in the way of special weapons and training by today's standards. The mission of the S.W.A.T. Team is to provide the department with the capability to safely resolve high-risk situations. Some examples of these types of situations are: • • • • • • • •

Hostage situations Barricaded suspects Suicidal subjects High risk search warrants/raids High risk arrests VIP protection details Counter sniper Other situations where the likelihood of armed resistance appears great

All these scenarios call for the expertise of a SWAT team. Social changes, including heavily armed drug traffickers and the increased violence associated with them, are yet another reason to have SWAT on call. These situations require a specially trained unit whose members have trained for months to handle such situations.

Check out JPA publications on SWAT at: juniorpoliceacademy.org/ideas/

Crime Scene Investigation INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Discernment: Understanding the deeper reasons why things happen.

What is CSI? Crime Scene Investigation is a scientific method of gathering and examining evidence. Crimes are solved with the use of pathological examinations that gather fingerprints, palm prints, footprints, tooth bite prints, blood, hair and fiber samples. Handwriting and typewriting samples are studied, including all ink, paper, and typography. Ballistics techniques are used to identify weapons and voice identification techniques are used to identify criminals. CSI has come to play an increasingly important part in the investigation of serious crimes. Besides fingerprinting, a broad range of other scientific techniques are available to law enforcement agencies attempting to identify suspects or to establish beyond doubt the connection between a suspect and the crime in question.

Considerable variability also exists in the types of hairs that are found on the body of an animal. In humans, hairs found on the head, pubic region, arms, legs, and other body areas have characteristics that can determine their origin.

Handwriting You are all Forensic Scientists.Your specific expertise is in document examination. Under what circumstances might it be important to verify the origin of a document or the author of a handwritten note?

Fingerprinting Activity Have cadets learn to use fingerprinting techniques by actually fingerprinting each other. Discuss the difference in everyone’s fingerprint. Dusting for Fingerprints:

Some of the specialized careers in CSI include:

Place fingerprints on several objects: glass, table top, etc.

PATHOLOGY Forensic pathologists determine the time and the cause of death in cases of suspected murder or suicide. They can analyze wounds to determine what caused them, or trace blood splatters to discover the mode of attack.

Have cadets dust the area for prints and learn how to lift the prints for evidence.

PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY Forensic psychologists or psychiatrists may be called upon to evaluate a murder scene to suggest a possible psychological profile of the killer. The FBI has done much work in developing such profiles of serial killers.

Taking the Mystery Out of Crime

Guest Speaker: Have someone from the CSI Unit visit the class and discuss the different techniques in CSI.

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page.

Although we think of forensic science as a tool to solve violent crimes, it can also be used to detect forgeries, trace smuggled material, and detect illegal materials from drugs to endangered animal skins. Forensic science includes a broad range of sciences with a vast number of applications, such as; The analysis of bloodstains or traces of other body fluids (such as semen or spittle) that may indicate some of the characteristics of the offender.

Combing through Clues Hairs, which are composed primarily of the protein keratin, can be defined as slender outgrowths of the skin of mammals. Each species of animal possesses hair with characteristic length, color, shape, root appearance, and internal microscopic features that distinguish one animal from another.

Crime Scene Investigation STUDENT HANDOUT

Crime scene investigation is the meeting point of science, logic and law. Processing a crime scene is a long, tedious process that involves purposeful documentation of the conditions at the scene and the collection of any physical evidence that could possibly illuminate what happened and point to who did it. The ultimate goal is the conviction of the perpetrator of the crime.

The Call The investigation of a crime scene begins when the CSI unit receives a call from the police officers or detectives on the scene. The overall system works something like this: The CSI arrives on the scene and makes sure it is secure with an initial walk-through to get an overall feel for the crime scene.

The Big Picture: Documenting the Scene The goal of crime-scene documentation is to create a visual record that will allow the forensics lab and the prosecuting attorney to easily recreate an accurate view of the scene. Scene documentation occurs during a second walk-through of the scene (following the same path as the initial walk-through). Notes Note-taking at a crime scene is not as straightforward as it may seem. A CSI's training includes the art of scientific observation. In crime scene investigation, opinions don't matter and assumptions are harmful. When describing a crime scene, a CSI makes factual observations without drawing any conclusions.

Photographs CSIs take pictures of everything before touching or moving a single piece of evidence. The medical examiner will not touch the corpse until the CSI is done photographing it and the surrounding area. There are three types of photographs a CSI takes to document the crime scene: overviews, mid-views, and close-ups. Sketches In addition to creating a photographic record of the scene, CSIs also create sketches to depict both the entire scene, which is easier to do in a sketch than in a photograph because a sketch can span several rooms, and particular aspects of the scene that will benefit from exact measurements. The goal is to show locations of evidence and how each piece of evidence relates to rest of scene. Video Scene documentation may also include a video walk-through, especially in major cases involving serial killers or multiple homicides.

Collecting Evidence

After the CSI has created a full record of the crime scene exactly as it was when he arrived, it's time to collect the evidence. Now he starts touching things.

Who's at the Scene? ✓ Police officers are typically the first

to arrive at a crime scene. They arrest the perpetrator if he's still there and call for an ambulance if necessary. They are responsible for securing the scene so no evidence is destroyed. ✓ The CSI unit documents the crime scene in detail and collects any physical evidence. ✓ The district attorney is often

present to help determine if the investigators require any search warrants to proceed and obtain those warrants from a judge. ✓ The medical examiner (if a

homicide) may or may not be present to determine a preliminary cause of death.

The CSI systematically makes their way through the scene collecting all potential evidence, tagging it, logging it and packaging it so it remains intact on its way to the lab.

✓ Specialists (entomologists, forensic

The crime lab processes all of the evidence the CSI collected at the crime scene. When the lab results are in, they go to the lead detective on the case.

✓ Detectives interview witnesses and

scientists, forensic psychologists) may be called in if the evidence requires expert analysis. consult with the CSI unit. They investigate the crime by following leads provided by witnesses and physical evidence.

Traffic Accident Investigation INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Persistence: Continuing in spite of interference, discomfort, or other hindrances that may block the way.

When two cars collide, each driver often claims it's the other's fault.

What determines who is responsible for a traffic accident?

If they can't reach a solution on their own, one, or both, will want police to investigate.

Figuring out who is at fault in a traffic accident is a matter of deciding who was careless. For vehicle accidents, there is a set of official written rules telling people how they are supposed to drive and providing guidelines by which liability may be measured.

It is necessary for police officers to have the skills and knowledge to properly assess and document traffic accidents. While all police officers receive training in handling traffic accidents, many departments have “accident reconstruction specialists” who are specially trained. Accident reconstruction specialists use sophisticated techniques and computers to calculate probable speed and trajectory. They take precise measurements to perform these calculations. It's as challenging as solving a mystery, and sometimes just as gratifying.

Consider the many kinds of motor vehicle accidents police officers must investigate: • • • • • •

Vehicle and vehicle Hit and run Vehicle and bicycle Vehicle and pedestrian Parked vehicle and moving vehicle Large Trucks (Accidents involving large trucks may require an officer to divert traffic. Accidents involving trucks carrying hazardous materials may require the involvement of other public safety organizations.)

In this section, we will review the procedures for investigating traffic accidents and learn the fine art of reconstructing them.

Approaching Accidents As you approach, position your car so its lights illuminate the scene. This also warns others of the accident, and hopefully provides a shield for you. Quickly survey the scene to see if fire or medical response is needed. If there are injured persons, do triage. Look to make sure you've found all the victims. In a highspeed crash, passengers can be thrown quite a distance. Observe the position and condition of the vehicles. Interview each driver separately, and determine a chronology of what happened. Get information from witnesses. Complete an accident report form that includes a diagram of the accident scene and a narrative about how it happened.Your investigation may also uncover an unsafe road condition that needs correction, or an unsafe driver to cite for a violation. The specific form of your accident report form is dictated by your state; be sure it's complete.

Everyone must learn these rules of the road in order to pass the driver's license test. Complete rules are contained in each state's Vehicle Code, and they apply not only to automobiles but also to motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians.

Sometimes a violation of one of these traffic rules is obvious as the cause of an accident. For example, when one driver runs a stop sign; consequently, crashing into another. In other situations, whether or not there was a violation that caused the accident will be less obvious. A common example is a crash that occurs when drivers merge into a single lane of traffic. At other times, there may have been a traffic violation that had no part in causing the accident, and therefore should not affect who is liable.

What if the cause of a traffic accident is not clear? It is sometimes difficult to say that one particular act caused an accident. This is especially true if what you claim the other driver did seems vague or minor. But if you can show that the other driver made several minor driving errors or committed several minor traffic violations, then you can argue that the combination of those actions caused the accident. In a traffic accident, how can I help prove to an insurance company that the other driver was at fault? One place to look for support for your argument that the other driver was at fault (if it is not indicated in the police report) is in the laws that govern driving in your state -usually called the Vehicle Code. A simplified version of these laws, sometimes called "The Rules of the Road," is often available at your local department of motor vehicles office.

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page.

Traffic Accident Investigation STUDENT HANDOUT

DISCUSS THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF A CITIZEN AFTER AN ACCIDENT The majority of minor collisions are easily dealt with by the drivers involved and do not require police involvement. However, no matter how minor the collision, you must always stop, check to see if anyone is hurt and give personal information when damage repair is necessary. After stopping, you are obliged by law to give the following information to any person affected by the accident: ✓ Your name and address ✓ The name and address of the owner of the vehicle ✓ The registration number of the vehicle ✓ Proof of Insurance DISCUSS THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF A LAW ENFORCER AFTER AN ACCIDENT Unlike the citizen’s involved in the accident, a law enforcement officer is required to provide emergency services, as well as fully document the crime scene.

Investigation Checklist Crash Scene Safety ✓ Is the scene safe to approach? ✓ Is police back up needed? ✓ Does traffic need to be diverted to a different route? ✓ Are hazardous materials present? ✓ Rendering First Aid ✓ Does First Aid need to be given? ✓ Should paramedics be called? ✓ Obtaining Driver/Witness Statements ✓ What questions need to be asked and to whom, where and when? Physical Evidence Discuss with cadets: Vehicle damage, vehicle parts on roadway, damaged property and breathalyzer results.

MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT TERMS * Instructor will use blackboard to list and identify terms that are used in this topic. Include: airbag, axles, curve, embankment, highway, jackknife, lanes, median, sideswipe and any other relevant terms.

Accident Reconstruction TO THE PARKING LOT! Move the class outside where the motor vehicle crash is set-up. Demonstrate the use of the tape measure and/or other measurements. (Consider setting up the crash scene in class using matchbox cars if vehicles are unavailable.) TIME TO RECONSTRUCT Have the cadets accumulate statements, take photographs, fill in the blanks on their crash reports, prepare the vehicle damage analyses, draw scale diagrams, and so on. Now, instruct students to draw a diagram of the crash site. The clearest way of describing an accident is by drawing a plan which only needs to take the form of a simple line drawing. Indicate the position of the vehicles before and after the accident, with arrows to show the direction of travel. Note approximate distances between the cars and from the nearest roads, junctions and signs. SIZING UP A CRASH SITE Divide the cadets into their pre-assigned groups. Using tape measures and either the Coordinate or Triangulation method, each group is to measure the motor vehicle crash scene. One person in each group will write down the calculations on the worksheet, while the others measure. Groups will then go back into the classroom and develop a drawing to turn in for evaluation.

Bomb Squad INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Decisiveness: The ability to recognize key factors and finalize difficult decisions.

Explosive Situations The Bomb Squad is called out in all situations involving the possible presence of an explosive device. The Bomb Squad is responsible for transporting, handling and rendering safe all explosive devices in its jurisdiction, as well as for protecting visiting dignitaries, conducting explosives sweeps, evaluating suspicious packages, and conducting security checks at airports. Most Bomb Squad technicians have received training from the FBI, US Army Explosive Ordinance Disposal personnel and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Here is some sound advice from the LAPD Bomb Squad for handling potentially explosive situations.

What to do in the Unlikely Event You Come Across a Potential Bomb Do not handle or disturb the suspected item. Immediately evacuate the location and notify the police from a neighbor’s house or a business. Only conventional telephones should be used as cellular telephone frequencies have the potential to detonate an explosive device.

When does the bomb squad respond to a call? The Bomb Squad is notified and responds whenever a suspected explosive device is found, or when suspicious circumstances indicate the possible presence of one, such as when a large rented vehicle is found abandoned outside of a potential "high value" target, such as a government building.

What should you do if you receive a suspicious package? Explosive devices can be contained in almost anything. Bombs can be constructed to look like almost any item and can be delivered in any number of ways. Most bombs are homemade and are limited in their design only by the imagination of their maker. Letter and package bombs are not new. While the latest incidents have involved political terrorism, such bombs are made for a wide variety of motives. The particular form of these bombs varies in size, shape, and components. They have electric, non-electric or other sophisticated firing systems, depending on the skill-level of the maker.

Yearly Death Toll There are over 50 people killed and approximately 500 people injured each year by explosives (not including major events like Oklahoma City or 9/11.) According to the FBI’s Bomb Data Center, most of these "incidents" occur in residential areas. The most common explosives used are black powder, smokeless powder and fireworks powders. The most common explosive device encountered in the USA is the pipe bomb.

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page.

Bomb Squad STUDENT HANDOUT

Basically, if it blows up, the Bomb Squad is watching out for it, and knows how to render it safe, which can either mean defusing it or destroying it. It’s the Bomb Squad’s job to make sure that American citizens are safe from explosives, and sometimes that can mean extra tight security at airports. And, as some of you know if you’ve traveled by airplane since the terrorist attacks on 9/11, sometimes that can mean that even your shoes are suspect. Discuss the signs you can look for if you receive a suspicious package. *Unexpected foreign mail, airmail and special delivery *Restrictive markings such as confidential, personal, etc. *Excessive postage *Hand written or poorly typed addresses *Titles but no names *Misspellings of common words *Oily stains or discoloration *No return address *Excessive weight

Military Devices Military devices are designed to kill. Some of them have complicated fuses that are designed to detonate the explosive by the slightest movement or impact. Some of them contain poisonous gas. It is usually not the actual explosion of a military device that kills people, it is the shrapnel (small pieces of metal) from the explosion. Shrapnel can travel at 3000 feet per second in all directions from the explosion. The metal pieces are razor sharp and will slice through the human body causing fatal wounds. Military devices are often altered by civilians and become even more dangerous.

Pipe Bombs

Read the following and discuss some of the other situations where the bomb squad is called in.

Pipe bombs are one of the most dangerous explosive devices that you may encounter, as well as one of the most common. The explosive filler may get into the threads of the pipe and a small amount of movement may be enough friction to cause the pipe bomb to explode. Static electricity may also jump from your hand to the pipe causing detonation. A pipe bomb can easily kill someone who is 300 feet away from the explosion because it propels hundreds, perhaps thousands of pieces of shrapnel in all directions.

Home-made Fireworks

Commercial Explosives

Home-made fireworks and explosives are very unstable. There is no set formula for the explosive that is used in illegal fireworks. Some of the fireworks that are made in Mexico are so unstable and dangerous that they are shipped wet to prevent them from exploding prematurely. The explosive filler can be set off by friction, heat, impact, sparks or flame. If you have a bag full of illegal fireworks and one of them goes off accidentally, you can assume that all of the fireworks in the bag will go off at the same time. A small amount of fireworks going off simultaneously in a vehicle can kill everyone who is in that vehicle and scatter parts of the car for some distance in all directions. Fireworks are considered explosive devices, and they are extremely dangerous. Every year numerous children and adults are injured or burned as a result of playing with fireworks. Fireworks are dangerous and illegal within most city limits.

Even commercial explosives can be unpredictable. Crystallized dynamite can detonate with a sudden temperature change of 3 degrees or more.

Discuss What traits might you look for in a person wanting to be on the bomb squad?

Federal Bureau of Investigation INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Integrity: Live out my values in all areas of my life so other can rely upon and trust me. The FBI is charged with the enforcement of over 200 federal laws. The FBI focuses on threats that challenge the foundations of American society or involve dangers too large or complex for any local or state authority to handle alone. In executing the following priorities, the FBI produces and uses intelligence to protect the nation from threats and to bring to justice those who violate the law. 1. Protect the United States from terrorist attack 2. Protect the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage 3. Protect the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes 4. Combat public corruption at all levels 5. Protect civil rights 6. Combat transnational/national criminal organizations and enterprises 7. Combat major white-collar crime 8. Combat significant violent crime Support federal, state, local and international partners. Upgrade technology to successfully perform the FBI's mission Other duties include, but are not limited to: ✓ Bank robbery investigations ✓ Theft of Government property ✓ Organized crime ✓ Sabotage (deliberate damage or destruction of property) ✓ Kidnapping ✓ Domestic Terrorism Discuss Core values: ➡ Rigorous obedience to the Constitution of the United States; ➡ Respect for the dignity of all those we protect; ➡ Compassion; ➡ Fairness; ➡ Uncompromising personal integrity and institutional integrity; ➡ Accountability by accepting responsibility for our actions and decisions and the consequences of our actions and decisions; and ➡ Leadership, both personal and professional. What is the mission of the FBI? The mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners. It performs these responsibilities in a way that is responsive to the needs of the public and faithful to the Constitution of the United States.

What does the FBI stand for? The FBI stands for Federal Bureau of Investigation. “Federal” refers to the national government of the United States. “Bureau” is another word for department or division of government. “Investigation” is what we do—gathering facts and evidence to solve and prevent crimes. Should you verify your suspicion about criminal activity before reporting it to the FBI? Citizens should never place themselves in harm’s way or conduct their own investigations. Instead, any suspicious activity about matters under FBI jurisdiction should be reported to the FBI promptly.

FBI Special Agent Guest Speaker FBI Special Agents always make for exciting guest speakers. We encourage you to arrange for an agent to address your cadets. Prior to the Guest Speaker's presentation (preferably during the previous class period), review with the cadets the special agent’s professional duties. Ask each cadet to write five questions for the speaker in their journal. Suggested questions for the speaker: Why can't local police handle the kinds of crimes the FBI investigates? What kind of person makes for a successful agent? How does the uncertainty that the agency will relocate you affect raising a family? What is the greatest criminal challenge to the agency as we enter the next century? How have TV shows like the X-Files, Criminal Minds and Numbers helped or hurt your relations with the public? What is the greatest misconception about working for the FBI? Discussion: 1. What is the mission of the FBI? 2. What types of crime does the FBI investigate? 3. What entity serves as checks and balances for the FBI? Explain. 4. Does the FBI have the right to arrest you, if you have committed a crime in the U.S and then moved to another country? 5. What resources can the FBI provide local law enforcement when a kidnapping occurs? 6. What does “performs these responsibilities in a way that is responsive to the needs of the public and faithful to the Constitution of the United States” mean?

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page.

Federal Bureau of Investigation STUDENT HANDOUT

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is an agency of the United States Department of Justice that serves as both a federal criminal investigative body and an internal intelligence agency (counterintelligence). The FBI has investigative jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crime. Its motto is a backronym of FBI, "Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity".

Support Staff As of December 31, 2009, the FBI had a total of 33,852 employees. That includes 13,412 special agents and 20,420 support professionals, such as intelligence

WHERE? The FBI is headquartered at the J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C., with 56 field offices in major cities across the United States. The FBI also maintains over 400 resident agencies across the United States, as well as over 50 legal attachés at United States embassies and consulates.

analysts, language specialists, scientists, information technology specialists, and other professionals. Big Ideas The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the Bureau of Investigation, did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work.

Gets the call when… Protect the United States from terrorist

Academy The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is

attacks (see counter-terrorism); Protect the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage (see counter-intelligence); Protect the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes (see cyber-warfare);

home to the communications and computer laboratory the FBI utilizes.

Combat public corruption at all levels;

Qualification All FBI employees require a Top Secret (TS) security

Protect civil rights; Combat transnational/national criminal organizations

clearance, and in many instances, employees need a higher level, TS/SCI(Top Secret/Sensitive

and enterprises (see organized crime); Combat major white-collar crime;

Compartmented Information) clearance. P.T. Demands

F.B.I. Most Wanted During the "War on Crime" of the

Special Agents candidates also have to pass a Physical Fitness Test (PFT) that includes a 300-meter

1930s, FBI agents apprehended or killed a number of notorious

run, one-minute sit-ups, maximum push-ups, and a

criminals who carried out kidnappings, robberies, and

1.5-mile (2.4 km) run. There is also a polygraph test personnel have to pass, with questions including

murders throughout the nation, including John Dillinger, "Baby Face" Nelson, Kate "Ma" Barker, Alvin

possible drug use.

"Creepy" Karpis, and George "Machine Gun" Kelly.

U.S. Secret Service INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Courage: The quality of mind that enables us to risk what we value for a higher purpose.

Introductory Statement. They are inconspicuous in a crowd. Athletically built, they range from youthful to middle aged. Their eyes are constantly in motion, scanning the people who have come to see the President. Sometimes they wear sunglasses even in cloudy weather. That way they can watch the crowds without anyone knowing precisely where they are looking. They are members of the White House detail of the U.S. Secret Service Whenever you see news coverage of the President or his family, you may notice the agents in suits in the background, many of them with small ear pieces and sunglasses. They always look serious, and seem to be looking everywhere all at once. They are Secret Service agents, and their job is to protect the President and his family. Whenever the President,Vice President, or their families travel anywhere outside of Washington, D.C., the Secret Service works with the host city and state law enforcement to jointly establish the security measures needed for total protection. And yes, agents do swear to “take a bullet” to protect the President.

Pass Out Cadet Handouts. Review Would you be willing to risk your life to protect the President? While Presidential safety is one of the responsibilities of the Secret Service, the department was originally established to deal with monetary issues.

The Secret Service was commissioned on July 5, 1865 in Washington, D.C., as the "Secret Service Division" of the Department of the Treasury and was originally tasked with the suppression of counterfeiting. At the time, the only other federal law enforcement agencies were the U.S. Park Police, Post Office Department, Postal Inspection Service and the Marshals Service. The Marshals did not have the workforce to investigate all crime under federal jurisdiction, so the Secret Service was used to investigate everything from murder to illegal gambling. After the assassination of William McKinley in 1901, Congress informally requested that the Secret Service begin to provide presidential protection. A year later, the Secret Service assumed full-time responsibility for protection of the President.

Suggested Activity Protecting the President: The President of the United States is coming to visit your school in one week. The Junior Police Academy cadets have been asked by the Governor to prepare your school for a visit. The President will be speaking to your school in the auditorium. List all of the things you can think of that would need to be done prior to the President arriving. I. II.

List of security preparations in the week prior to the President’s visit: List of security measures taken during the President’s visit.

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page.

Secret Service offices deal with counterfeit money, forgery, credit card fraud, as well as cell phone fraud. First some history....The origin of the U.S. Secret Service In 1865, an estimated one-third to one-half of the currency in circulation was counterfeit. Consider why there was so much counterfeiting at this time in history. What else was going on in the United States that impacted this problem? (Civil War - South Printed US Currency)

U.S. Secret Service STUDENT HANDOUT

candidates), their families and certain foreign heads of state.

of President Ronald Reagan. The Magnetometer Support Unit's mission is to ensure that all persons entering secure areas occupied by Secret Service protectees are unarmed.

ANIMALS EMPLOYED The United States Secret Service is a federal law enforcement agency that is part of the United States Department of Homeland Security.

The Canine Explosives Detection Unit (K-9): Created in 1976, the mission of the K-9 unit is to provide skilled and specialized explosives detection support to protective efforts involving Secret Service protectees.

STATS The Secret Service was created in 1865 to suppress counterfeit currency. It became the official presidentialprotection system in 1901, after the assassination of President William McKinley. The Secret Service investigates thousands of incidents a year of individuals threatening the President of the United States.

VEHICLES Uniformed Division officers carry out their protective responsibilities through a network of fixed security posts, foot, bicycle, vehicular and motorcycle patrols.

UNIFORM

WHY DO WE NEED A SECRET SERVICE? The President of the United States, Barack Obama faces 30 death threats a day. Successful assassinations Abraham Lincoln 1865 James A. Garfield 1881 William McKinley 1901 John F. Kennedy 1963 • Most Secret Service agents concentrate on tracking counterfeit money. • A small percentage of agents focus on protecting the President and Vice President (present, past and

Special Agents of the Secret Service wear attire that is appropriate for the surroundings. In many circumstances, the attire is a conservative suit, but attire can range from a tuxedo to blue jeans.

MYTHS Why do they wear sunglasses? Secret service agents wear sunglasses not to hide their identities but simply to guard their eyes from sun reflection, so they are able to see their surroundings better.

READY TO SIGN UP? You will need a college degree and a clean criminal record to apply to be a Secret Service agent, followed by 11 weeks of basic police training and 16 additional weeks learning about fraud detection and personal protection.

ACADEMY The attire for Uniformed Division Officers includes standard police uniforms and ballistic/identification vests for members of the countersniper team & Emergency Response Team.

TE C H N OLOGY Magnetometers: The Secret Service began relying on magnetometer (metal detector) support by Uniformed Division officers to augment its protective efforts away from the White House following the attempted assassination

Secret Service agents receive the finest law enforcement training in the world. New agent trainees are initially sent to the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Glynco, Georgia, where they are enrolled in the Criminal Investigator Training Program.

US Coast Guard INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Resourcefulness: The ability to act effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficult situations

Overview of the United States Coast Guard The U.S. Coast Guard is one of the five armed forces of the United States and the only military organization within the Department of Homeland Security. Since 1790 the Coast Guard has safeguarded our Nation's maritime interests and environment around the world. The Coast Guard is an adaptable, responsive military force of maritime professionals whose broad legal authorities, capable assets, geographic diversity and expansive partnerships provide a persistent presence along our rivers, in the ports, littoral regions and on the high seas. Coast Guard presence and impact is local, regional, national and international. These attributes make the Coast Guard a unique instrument of maritime safety, security and environmental stewardship.

• The commandant of the Coast Guard directs the policy and administration of the Coast Guard under the general supervision of the secretary of the Department of Homeland Security. The Coast Guard's only full, fourstar admiral, the commandant serves as the principal advisor to the secretary regarding service matters. • The commandant provides immediate direction to headquarters units, though he is not actually the commanding officer of headquarters — that responsibility falls to the chief of staff. • The Coast Guard is divided into two areas, Atlantic and Pacific. Each area commander is under the direction of the commandant. The two areas are subdivided into a number of districts, whose commanders report to the area commanders. • Congress authorized the building of ten boats to establish a "fleet of cutters" — forbearer of the Coast Guard — on August 4, 1790. • Total operating expenses for fiscal year 2002: $3,382,800,000

Stats • Total Active Duty: 39,000 • Selected Reserve: 7,800 • Enlisted: 31,000 • Officer: 6,000 • Chief Warrant Officer: 1,300 • Full-time Permanent Civilian: 6,000

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page.

The U.S. Coast Guard has five operational goals: maritime safety, national defense, maritime security, mobility and the protection of natural resources. • The Coast Guard was officially transferred to the Department of Homeland Security on March 1, 2003. Prior to that date, the Coast Guard was part of the Department of Transportation. • The Coast Guard (and its predecessor agencies) have, at times, fallen under the auspices of the Departments of the Treasury, Navy, Commerce, Transportation and Homeland Security. • The Coast Guard's motto is "Semper Paratus" — "Always Ready"

US Coast Guard STUDENT HANDOUT

As part of this consolidation, the Coast Guard will be the first DHS agency to locate its headquarters in the new complex, estimated to occur in late 2013 or early 2014.

Who? What? The United States Coast Guard The U.S. Coast Guard is one of the five armed forces of the United States and the only military organization within the Department of Homeland Security. Since 1790 the Coast Guard has safeguarded our Nation's maritime interests and environment around the world.

Why? Coast Guard Activity on an Average Day: • • • • • • • • • • • •

Saves 12 lives Responds to 64 search & rescue cases Keeps 842 pounds of cocaine off the streets Services 116 buoys & fixes 24 discrepancies Screens 720 commercial vessels & 183,000 crew & passengers Issues 173 credentials to merchant mariners Investigates 13 marine accidents Inspects 68 containers Inspects 29 vessels for compliance with air emissions standards Performs 28 safety & environmental examinations of foreign vessels Boards 13 fishing boats to ensure compliance with fisheries laws Responds and investigates 10 pollution incidents

The formal name for a uniformed member of the Coast Guard is "Coast Guardsman", irrespective of gender. "Coastie" is an informal term commonly used to refer to current or former Coast Guard personnel. "Team Coast Guard" refers to the four components of the Coast Guard as a whole: Regular, Reserve, Auxiliary, and Coast Guard civilian employees. • Total Active Duty: 39,000 • Selected Reserve: 7,800 • Enlisted: 31,000 • Officer: 6,000 • Chief Warrant Officer: 1,300 • Full-time Permanent Civilian: 6,000

How? The Coast Guard has roles in maritime homeland security, maritime law enforcement, search and rescue, marine environmental protection, and the maintenance of river, intracoastal and offshore aids to navigation. While most military services are either at war or training for war, the Coast Guard is deployed every day. With a decentralized organization and much responsibility placed on even the most junior personnel, the Coast Guard is frequently lauded for its quick responsiveness and adaptability in a broad range of emergencies.

Where? The current headquarters of the Coast Guard is at 2100 Second Street, SW, in Washington, D.C. near Nationals Park, where it will continue to have a presence at least into 2015. The new Department of Homeland Security headquarters complex is being built on the grounds of the former St. Elizabeths Hospital in the Anacostia section of Southeast Washington, across the Anacostia River from the current Coast Guard headquarters. See the Coast Guard in action, visit our student publications at JuniorPoliceAcademy.org/ideas

U.S. Marshals Service INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals despite adversity.

Let’s say a criminal steals a car in California, then decides to move to Texas, where he or she is caught stealing another car. The person is caught, convicted and sent to Huntsville, Texas to serve time in a jail. However, being quite the clever criminal, they escape from jail and are spotted in New Orleans.

federal prisoners and operate the Witness Security Program. ★ The agency’s headquarters is just across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. Approximately 4,000 Deputy Marshals and career employees work for the U.S. Marshals Service nationwide.

Question:

Pass Out Cadet Handouts. Review.

What law enforcement agency will probably be sent to apprehend them? The local police from Texas? The local authorities from Colorado or California?

Discuss each of the functions of the Marshal’s service and what each branch does.

The U.S. Marshal, that’s who! As you may remember from “The Fugitive,” with Harrison Ford, the U.S. Marshals have primary jurisdiction for catching fugitives and escaped federal prisoners. The Marshals use both traditional methods and sophisticated technologies for fugitive investigations, including tactical equipment, electronic surveillance and aerial surveillance. Tactical equipment includes covert audio and video alarms and sensors; digital, narrowband, encrypted wireless communications; and radio and satellite communications equipment, such as tactical repeaters, base stations and portable tower trailers.

Overview of the U.S. Marshals Service

✦ Judicial Security ✦ Fugitive Operations ✦ Prisoner Operations ✦ Justice Prisoner and

System ✦ Witness Security

Alien Transportation

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page. Discuss Grit

The gritty individual approaches achievement as a marathon; his or her advantage is stamina. Whereas disappointment or boredom signals to others that it is time to change trajectory and cut losses, the gritty individual stays the course.

★ The

U.S. Marshals Service is the nation’s oldest and most versatile federal law enforcement agency. ★ Federal marshals have served the country since 1789, often in unseen but critical ways. ★ The Marshals Service occupies a uniquely central position in the federal justice system. It is the enforcement arm of the federal courts, involved in virtually every federal law enforcement initiative. ★ Presidentially appointed, U.S. marshals direct the activities of 94 districts — one for each federal judicial district. ★ More than 3,950 deputy U.S. marshals and criminal investigators form the backbone of the agency. Among their many duties, they protect the federal judiciary, apprehend federal fugitives, seize property acquired by criminals through illegal activities, house and transport

U.S. Marshals Service STUDENT HANDOUT

U.S. Marshals task forces combine the efforts of federal, state and local law enforcement agencies to locate and arrest the most dangerous fugitives.

Judicial Security ★ Since

1789, the U.S. Marshals Service has been the enforcement arm of the federal courts and has been responsible for protecting the federal judicial process. ★ The agency ensures the safe and secure conduct of judicial proceedings at more than 400 locations in 94 federal court districts and provides protection for federal judges, U.S. attorneys, assistant U.S. attorneys, personnel, jurors, the visiting public and prisoners. ★ Experienced former law enforcement officers work within the agency’s Court Security Officer program. These contracted CSOs receive limited deputations as special deputy U.S. marshals. CSOs detect and intercept weapons and other prohibited items from entering federal courthouses.

Fugitive Operations The U.S. Marshals Service is the federal government’s primary agency for fugitive investigations. The agency holds all federal arrest warrants until execution or dismissal. In fiscal year 2010, the Marshals apprehended more than 36,100 federal fugitives, clearing approximately 39,100 felony warrants.

Asset Forfeiture The Department of Justice Asset Forfeiture Program has become a key part of the federal government’s efforts to combat major criminal activity by stripping criminals of their illgotten gains. The U.S. Marshals Service plays a critical role by managing and selling assets seized and forfeited by federal law enforcement agencies nationwide.

Prisoner Operations The U.S. Marshals Service houses and transports all federal prisoners from the time they enter federal custody until they are either acquitted or convicted and delivered to their designated federal Bureau of Prisons facility. The Marshals Service has more than 63,000 detainees in custody each day, housed in federal, state, local and private jails throughout the nation.

Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System The U.S. Marshals Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System, sometimes called “Con Air,” moves prisoners between judicial districts, correctional institutions and foreign countries.

JPATS is one of the largest transporters of prisoners in the world — handling about 977 requests every day. JPATS completed 356,603 prisoner and alien movements in FY 2010 (206,358 movements by air; 150,245 by ground transportation).

Witness Security The U.S. Marshals Service operates the federal Witness Security Program, sometimes referred to as the “Witness Protection Program.” The Witness Security Program provides for the security, safety and health of government witnesses and their authorized family members, whose lives are in danger as a result of their cooperation with the U.S. government. More than 8,300 witnesses and 9,800 of their authorized family members have participated in the program since it began in 1971.

Crime Prevention Officer INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW

Today’s Trait: Cooperation: Undertaking a noble cause in association with others who are share your goal.

We salute the efforts of Crime Prevention Officers by considering perhaps their greatest contribution to the community – reducing fear.

What do we know about fear of crime? • The most common behavioral reaction to fear of crime is to avoid unsafe areas at night. • Older people often report high levels of generalized fear of crime, but when asked about specific sources of fear or behavioral reactions (e.g., afraid to go out at night), their responses are typically similar to those of middle-aged people. • School-age youths and young adults usually report the highest levels of fear of crime, but are least likely to adopt constraining or precautionary behaviors. • Women usually report higher levels of fear of crime than men. This seems to be driven by fear of sexual assault which influences fear of burglary, mugging, strangers, dark streets, and other conditions. • Women and older people are most likely to take precautionary measures in response to their fear of crime. • Fear of crime tends to be higher among minority residents and urban dwellers. • Perceived risk of victimization has one of the strongest effects on fear of crime. • Fear of property crimes is often higher than fear of personal crimes, reflecting a rational understanding that property crimes occur much more frequently than violent crimes. • Many people get most of their crime information from the mass media. Where people get their information affects their fear of crime, with TV news and tabloids having the most impact. Interestingly, though, people often can distinguish local news stories from those that are more distant and less likely to be relevant to their lifestyle and surroundings. In 2006, 37 percent of Americans said there was an area within a mile of their home where they would be afraid to walk alone at night. This had peaked at 48 percent in 1982, then gradually fell to 30 percent in 2001 before beginning to go back up. Consistent with this trend in fear of crime, 68 percent of Americans believed there was more crime in the U.S. in 2006 than the year before, and 51 percent believed that crime in their local areas had increased during the past year.

Notes to Instructor: Finally we must define the American character in a way that elevates young people above fear and we should start with “fear of crime”. Pass Out Cadet Handouts. Review Source: Catalano, Shannan. Criminal Victimization 2005. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics,

Crime Prevention Officer STUDENT HANDOUT

Crime Prevention Officers are highly experienced and welltrained law enforcement professionals who recognize the value of engaging and educating the community in crime prevention initiatives. Crime Prevention Officers usually are recruited from seasoned, veteran police officers. These officers typically have had years of experience responding to the crimes that are most likely to occur in the local work environments, including but not limited to burglaries, identification fraud, theft, and robberies. A veteran police officer who has investigated numerous crimes will have recognized common patterns among these crimes and therefore will have identified and applied various techniques to prevent them. We salute the efforts of CPO’s by considering perhaps their greatest contribution to the community – reducing fear.

Police Strategies for Reducing Fear How can police reduce fear of crime? This Guide ultimately recommends a targeted problem-oriented approach as the most effective strategy for fear reduction. Such a strategy, though, has to proceed hand-in-hand with a community oriented policing philosophy, which in turn has to rest on a solid foundation of professional policing principles and practices. These approaches to modern policing have been evolving during the past 50 years and are now seen as completely complementary.

Discuss: ✓ ✓ ✓

✓

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Fear matters—it has a negative effect on individuals and communities. Fear is real—while it is just a feeling, fear affects behavior, politics, economics, and social life. Fear is not as important as crime—the harm caused by fear should not be equated with the tangible and often tragic harm caused by violent crime or significant property crime. Fear is important—while making people safe is perhaps the most important purpose of government, making them feel safe is nearly as important, because fear has such negative ramifications for politics, economics, and social life. Reducing fear is and should be a police responsibility —the important government purpose of making people feel safe falls to the police logically and of necessity. Police can reduce fear—promising fear-reduction strategies and practices have been developed and tested during the past 30 years. Reducing fear should be an explicit police priority— unless police specifically target fear of crime, their attention tends to get distracted toward other issues and fear reduction efforts are neglected. Fear reduction efforts should be targeted—the preponderance of the evidence on police effectiveness in general is that more targeted strategies work best. This general principle applies to the specific challenge of reducing fear of crime.

How Policing Can Reduce Fear Before reviewing policing research and the recent evolution of police strategies as they relate to fear reduction, we should identify the primary methods by which policing might affect fear of crime.

Traditional Approaches to Reducing Fear of Crime Motorized patrol reduces fear. Police visibility reduces fear. Rapid response reduces fear. Solving crimes reduces fear. Crime Prevention Target hardening reduces fear. Street lighting reduces fear. Community Policing Police-citizen contact reduces fear. Public confidence in police reduces fear. Public information reduces fear. Broken Windows Reducing disorder reduces fear.

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