International Conference held under the auspices of the Senator Eliška Wágnerová By Arnika Association at Langhans – the People in Need Centre, Vodičkova 37, Prague 1
Right to Know About Chemical Substances in the European Union and Globally
Industrial Pollution Source and Preparation of a Pollution Register (PRTR) in Thailand
By Penchom Saetang Ecological Alert and Recovery – Thailand November 27, 2013 Email: penchom.earth@gmail.com
EARTH & Activities Establishment: 1998 - 2009:
CAIN (Campaign for Alternative Industry Network) as a social & environmental movement group 2009 onwards: Renamed and registered as EARTH (Ecological Alert and Recovery - Thailand
Objectives & mission:
To further social and environmental sustainability and justice
Characteristics of activities: monitor, research, campaign and advocacy
Key areas of work: • Industrialization and chemical management policy • • • • •
Industrial impact on environment and health Community capacity building Right to know and public access to pollutant release information Hazardous waste management; chemical in products Climate justice
Population: 67,091,089 Million (July 2012 est.) BANGKOK (capital): 6.902 Million (2009)
Sources: Thailand Demographics Profile 2013, http://www.indexmundi.com/thailand /demographics_profile.html
North: 9,416
Northeast: 42,103
Central 34,671
West: 5,097
East: 10,275 Bangkok: 17,701
South: 10,868
Data as at June 2012
Total number of medium and large- sized factories in Thailand: 130,131
Total number of industrial estates, industrial parks and industrial communities in Thailand : 87 North: 4 IEs North Eastern: 2 IPs Central: 14 IEs, 9 IPs, 4 ICs East: 24 IEs, 11 IPs, 6 ICs South: 2 IEs Bangkok: 5 IEs, 3 IPs
(data as at June 2012)
IE - Industrial Estate IP - Industrial Park IC - Industrial Community
First time of RTK address in Thai Society : Chemical Explosion at the Bangkok Central Port (Klong Toey Case) on March 2, 1991
Photo by Bangkok Post, 1991
Damages: 642 Houses burned down 5,417 Homeless 4 Immediate dead 43 Dead afternmath 43 Wounded 90 Chemical-exposed patients 37 Million Baht of Resident’s property loss 40 Million Baht of PAT’s property loss
Photo by Bangkok Post, 1991
Photo by Bangkok Post, 1991
Cobalt-60 Radiation victims, January, 2000. 3 Persons died 12 seriously wounded Over 1000 people estimated being exposed to the radiation Photo by EnLAW
2.4 Chemical Explosion at the Bangkok Synthetics Co. Ltd. (BST) On May 5, 2012 inside the Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate Complex, Rayong Province 11 people from the subcontract company died suddenly with tens of workers got injuries
Increasing Illicit Dumping in Many Places (Dec. 2011 Samutprakarn province)
Increasing Illicit Dumping in Many Places (December 2011 in Samutprakarn province)
Hundreds of Mae Moh residents have been suffering with pollutionrelated diseases. The majority of identified patients are sick of respiratory – system diseases.
Photo by CAIN
Local People strongly opposed the gas project and resisted to the first public hearing held in July 1999 by the government.
Photo by CAIN
Photo by CAIN
December 20, 2002 Hundreds of police force had brutally crackdown the opposition groups, one day before the Thai and Malaysian prime ministers had meeting in Songkhla
Photo by Bangkok Post 20/12/2002
12 NGOs were arrested and tens of leading villagers were arrested one after another. After the incident the National Human Rights Commission and the Senate commission had investigated and interrogated the police commanders of their overruled power.
Photo by Bangkok Post
A Procession of the anti-coal power plant groups from Bor Nok and Ban Kud communities in Prachuab Kirikhan move down to Chana district, in Songkhla province to give their moral support to the opposition group against the Thai-Malaysian gas project
Photo by Thai-Malaysian Gas Pipeline and Related-Industries Alliance
Demonstration in front of the Provincial Hall in 2002 to stop the coal fired power plant
The anti-coal power plants from Prachuab Kirikhan joined with Map Ta Phut residents and Mae Moh communities in the big rally against the Coal-Trans Conference in January 2005.
Photo by CAIN, 2005
Photo by AEPS
Leaders from both Bor Nok and Ban Kud held a protest at the National Police Office as a one year commemoration to a local leader shot dead on June 21, 2004
Activities and Approaches to Advocate for PRTR Law Development in Thailand
2003 to 2011: Several studies and activities being conducted to promote the community right to know, and support the establishment of PRTR law in Thailand: A board study about international experience on PRTR 2003-4 development: • US TRI, EU and Japan PRTR A study on information disclosure and public accessibility to toxic emission at Map Ta Phut industrial areas
2004-5
• Sending questionnaires to 8 multinational corporation groups (specific only from countries with PRTR enforcement): Alliance Refining ; Sak Chaisidhi; Bayer Thai and H.C. Starck (Thailand) ; SCCDow Group; Vinythai and Peroxythai; and Zeon Chemicals (Thailand) • Finding – low response and low results showed lack of RTK concern • Publish a report on Ignorance is Toxic: A double standard at Map Ta Phut
Study on toxic air pollution and health impact at Map Ta Phut Industrial Zone: • Collaboration of Global Community Monitor (GCM based in California), Greenpeace Southeast Asia and CAIN (former name of EARTH). GCM provided training and supporting lab analysis.
2004-7
• Main industries are petroleum, petrochemical, plastics, iron&steel, coal power plants, etc. • Focus on VOCs emission • Found 55 VOCs in 6 ambient air samples grasped by the bucket tool • Produce report on “Thailand Air Cocktails” and hold press conference on Thai RTK and demand for VOCs reduction and control
2004-5, 2007: Study on air pollutant emission at Map Ta Phut Industrial Estates: Is a collaboration of EARTH (CAIN), GP SEA and GCM (Global Community Monitor), California. A report on Thailand Air Cocktails was produced to release the study finding of high concentration of VOCs detected from 6 air samples grabbed by the Bucket Tool. The device is developed from standard ‘Suma Canister’ technology and is verified as a credible method for air sampling by US EPA. Two press conferences (2005, 2007) to launch a campaign on PRTR & public right to know, and demanding for VOCs emission reduction and screening level regulation.
Body map shows the potential points of human body that are fragile and risk to be harmed by VOCs and compounds of sulfur detected from 6 air samples grasped by bucket device between 20042007 which totally 55 compounds
Further studies : • Reviewing on all related laws and regulations about environment, pollution control & reporting system, citizen right to know, and government policy and plan about PRTR development after the Rio Declaration and Stockholm Convention • Reviewing more on international experiences 2008-10
• Developing recommendations for Thailand’ s PRTR development and a need establish the national PRTR law • Organizing seminars and workshops for local communities Ø
Finding the failure of the Pollution Control Department under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in developing PRTR mechanism initially started in 2003 because no good collaboration from the industrial regulatory agencies and industrial sector
Ø
Not much successful in raising support on PRTR issue in Thai society (more interest on EIA, HIA, SEA issue)
Propose a national PRTR law – through the constitutional approach in proposing a new law • Support fund by Thai Health Promotion Fund (THPF) • Period of implementation: 2012 – middle of 2014 • Objective: 2011-14
• To draft the national PRTR law and introduce to the National Parliament under the Constitution of 2007, section 142 (2), (3), (4) • Section 142: a bill can be introduced by
(2) Not less than 20 members of the House of Representatives (3) Court/ a constitutional independent organization (4) Persons having the right to vote of not less than 10000 names can lodge a petition for introducing the law under section 163
• Plan to introduce to the Parliament is June 2014
Metrologies and Approaches • Setting a law draft team consisting with environmental and chemical experts and EARTH team; • Consultative meetings with the regulatory agencies: • Min. of Natural Resources and Environment: Pollution Control Department (PCD) and other environmental agencies; • Min. of Industry: Dep. Of Industrial Works (DIW) and Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand (IEAT) • Public hearing process: organizing forums in different regions of the country (Jan-Mar 2014) • Opinion survey on private sector on PRTR development and law • Producing a policy paper based on our research and survey of 300 corporation in Map Ta Phut Industrial Estates and Royong Province
Metrologies and Approaches • Collecting supporting persons with 10,000 names with constitutional right for election vote (according to section 142 (4) ; •
And seeking support from the National Law Reform Commission (according to section 142 (3)
• And / Or seeking support from 20 members of houses of representatives (according to section 142 (2) ; • Introducing the names of supporters together with the draft PRTR law to the parliament in June 2014 • Monitoring and further preparation for the discussion in the parliament
Composition of the PRTR draft law: o Three parts and transitional provisions, general provisions, seven chapters, thirty-three sections: o General Provisions (4 sections) o Chapter 1: Reporting (for point source, 9 sections) o Chapter 2: Emission assessment (for non-point source, 2 sections) o Chapter 3: Database development and reporting system (2 sections) o Chapter 4: Information disclosure to public (3 sections) o Chapter 5: Authority and responsibilities of local governments (2 sections) o Chapter 6: Relevant competent authorities (3 sections) o Chapter 7: Punishment (4 sections: administrative and criminal penalties)
Thai Government and PRTR Development
Need to Establish PRTR System in Thailand
1
2
Requirement from Stockholm Convention
Solution for Map Ta Phut Pollution Problems
Ratified by Thai Government [31-1-2005]
PCD, DIW, IEAT and JICA
Pollution Control Department (PCD) Is the Focal Point
Starting the PRTR Pilot Project at Map Ta Phut PRTR of POPs
JICA Role and PRTR Development in Thailand
PCD in cooperation with DIW and JICA Signed a Technical Project on "The Development of Basic Schemes for Pollutant Release and Transfer Register System (PRTR) in the Kingdom of Thailand" on 8 July 2553. There are 3 concerned organizations in Thailand, Department of Industrial Works (DIW), Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand (IEAT) and Pollution Control Department (PCD), join in the project. JICA will provide the technical cooperation for 4 years, i.e. support a technical guidance for Thai counterparts pertaining to the implementation of the project. Rayong Province is chosen for launching a pilot trial, since Map Ta Phut and area nearby is currently known as the major source of industrial pollution. The study will cover to other sources of pollution such as agriculture and vehicle. http://www.pcd.go.th/public/News/GetNewsThai.cfm?task=lt2009&id=16313, Environment NEWS, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 8 July 2553
JICA and Thailand Technical Cooperation Overall Goal Model of PRTR system for Thailand is established Project Purpose Capacity of PCD, DIW and IEAT‘s staff for implementation of PRTR pilot project is strengthened Implementing agency PCD/MONRE and DIW , IEAT/MOI Outputs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Basic design of PRTR system in Thailand is established Emission reporting scheme of industry is developed Capacity of estimation of emission and transfer for point source is strengthened. Capacity of emission estimation for non point source is strengthened. Importance of use of PRTR data including initial assessment is understood Importance of risk communication is understood
Period March 2011 – February 2015 Source: Munehiro FUKUDA, JICA Expert, March 2013
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Seven Manufacturing Types of PRTR Pilot Project 1. Wood, wooden products, furniture and fixture 2. Chemical, chemical products, petroleum products 3. Rubber products 4. Plastic products 5. Basic metal products, fabricated products 6. Electrical machinery and supplies 7. Transport equipment, excluding repair shops
Structure of Thai PRTR National Committee Pollution Control Committee
1. Sub-committee of Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR)
2. Working Committee on PRTR Assessment Criteria Formulation
1. Sub-committee of Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR)
Co-chair of the Sub-Committee Directory General / Deputy Director General of Pollution Control Department (PCD) and Department of Industrial Works (DIW)
Sub-Committed members PCD, DIW, Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand (IEAT), Department of Primary Industries and Mines, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, Department of Labor Protection and Welfare, Department of Disease Control, Department of Land Transport, Federation of Thai Industries, Office of Thailand Research Fund, appointed Scholars.
2. Working Committee on PRTR Assessment Criteria Formulation
Chair person Deputy Director General of PCD
Sub-Committed members PCD, DIW, IEAT, Department of Labor Protection and Welfare, Federation of Thai Industries, and Department of Agriculture
JICA and key achievements during the first 2 years in Thailand 1.
PRTR design • Target substance list (107 substance) • Point source definition • Reporting requirement
2.
Emission estimation from point source • Development of estimation manual for three key industries. Refinery Chemical/petrochemical Automobile and Auto part industry
3.
Emission estimation from non point source • Define the non point source and estimation approach Mobile source, Agriculture, Construction/paint Small industry, other industry outside point source Gas station, House hold
Source: Munehiro FUKUDA, JICA Expert, March 2013
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JICA and key achievements during the first 2 years in Thailand (conted.) 4.
Risk communication • Development of training courses in cooperation with DEQP/ERTC – IET • Trial implementation of the training in Jan. 2012 at Rayong • Follow up of trainee and improvement plan • Set up of risk communication promotion task force under PRTR-sub committee
3.
Prepare for pilot implementation in Rayong (2013) • Draft implementation plan and operational structure with three sectors • Awareness raising activity started. 15 events with over 800 participants in total.
Source: Munehiro FUKUDA, JICA Expert, March 2013
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Thank you