Ministère de la Planification et de la Coopération Externe Commission de Reconstruction
HAITI CHARRETTE Plan d’Action pour le Relèvement et le Développement d’Haiti Commission de Reconstruction Submitted to: The Urban Land Institute
HAITIAN REPRESENTATIVES Max Antoine, Director Haiti Border Development Commission Gerald ‘Aby’ Brun, Engineer; co-creator of TECINA; Reconstruction Commission-territorial Cleaning, Debris Management and Public Works Gisela Brun, Architect Charles Claremont, CEO, SDGE Bank; Presidential Reconstruction Commission Henry Robert Jolibois, Technical Consultant to the Office of the Prime Minister; Executive Secretary of the Presidential Commission for National Heritage Paul Emile Simon, Architect and City Planner; Member of CIAT; Executive Secretary of the Reconstruction Commission Leslie Voltaire, Special Envoy to the UN from Haiti; Lead Advisor, Territorial and Special Planning - Presidential Reconstruction Commission; CIAT Contributor MIAMI COMMITTEE Sonia Chao, Director, Center for Urban & Community Design, UMSoA Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, Dean, UMSoA Denis Hector, Associate Dean, UMSoA Lamar Noriega, Director, UMSoA Development CHARRETTE TEAMS Infrastructure Rick Lopez, Team Leader; Steve Fett; Candace Giles; Mckenzie O’Neill; Mark Schrieber; Ettai Timna Healthcare Ron Bogue, Dr, William Jackson and Joanna Lombard, Team Captains; Virgilio Campaneria; Steven Fett; Dennis Hector; William Jackson; Parry LaGro; Etai Timna; Laurie Weiss Nuell
The timeless task of architecture is to create embodied existential metaphors, that concretize and structure man’s being in the world. Images of architecture reflect and externalize ideas and images of life… Buildings and towns enable us to structure, understand and remember the shapeless flow of reality and ultimately, to recognize and remember who we are. Architecture enables us to place ourselves in the continuum of culture. -- Steven Holl, Juhani Pallasmaaa, Alberto Perez-Gómez
Cultural Heritage Boukman Mangones, Team Captain Construction and Codes Denis Hector, Antonio Nanni, Team Captains Implementation Bruce Johnson, Ruthzaly Weich, Team Captains; Hector Camps; Marie-Line Carriere; Motsa Dubois; Kevin Goldstein; Gilbert Harb; Bruce Johnson; Jean Longchamps; Walter Miros, Jr. Places of Exchange Derrick Smith, Team Captain; Jose Prado; Marianna Yerak From Settlements to Community Jaime Correa, Team Captain; Joachim Perez;
David Roman Integrated Agri-Villages Armando Montero, Team Captain; Marcos Bastian; Emily Glavey; Jeon Hee Ryu; Antonio Kaparis; Maria Elisa Mercer Coastal Touristic Town Gustavo Sanchez-Hugalde, Team Captain; Sonia Chao; Anthony Kaparis Port City Eduardo Pardo Fernandez, Gustavo Sanchez-Hugalde, Team Captains; Aaron Aeschliman Urban & Rural Expansion Maria Chalgub, Bill Dennis, Team Captains; Liz Kutz Fahad; Jennifer Garcia; Henryka Manes; Danay Morales; Lidia Nunez; Ben Salamah Historic Preservation Port au Prince Rafael Fornes, Team Captain; Luis Valdes-Bartroli; Eloine del Valle Hispaniola Omar Rancier, Dean, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henrique Urena,Team Captain; Cristobal Valdez; Gustavo Valdez; Giorgio Antoniazzi; Neil Hall New Port au Prince Neighborhoods Gustavo Sanchez-Hugalde, Sonia Chao, Team Captains; Aaron Aeschliman; Anthony Kaparis Renderers Wendy Caraballo, Team Captain; Kenneth Garcia; Brian Lemmerman; Mark Schreiber; Marianna Yerak Staff Support Natalie Bixby; Barbara Carbonell; Ivonne de la Paz; Gary Jaggernauth; Elisiene Jean; Zoila Lopez; Elienai Maldonado; Manny Paulino; Manny Paulino Jr.; Gilda Santana; Carolyn White Special Thanks David Applegate; Guido Bertolaso; Carrollton School; Tim Dixon; Andres Duany; Paula de Espriela; Ross Faith; Rebecca Fox; Richard Heisenbottle Architects; Louis Herns Marcelin; Henryka Manes; Boukman Mangones; Sergio Mora; Antonio Nanni; Amarylis & Claudio Osorio; Debra Owens; University of Miami School of Architecture; University of Miami School of Communication
In the aftermath of January’s earthquake, words fail to describe adequately the overwhelming challenges and needs of the Haitian people. Immediately following the initial devastation, numerous nations, nongovernmental organizations, private foundations and ordinary citizens contributed to the Haitian relief efforts. At the University of Miami, concern about Haiti is wide and deep, involving many of our schools and centers. With a large Haitian population in the greater Miami area and close proximity to Haiti itself, the University had long ago determined that it should build relationships with our close hemispheric neighbor. In the aftermath of the quake, those bonds were strengthened as we established channels of communication with Haitian ministries, government leaders and, humanitarian
NGO’s--all in an effort to learn how our School could assist in addressing pressing needs, in light of country’s chaotic present and contorted political history as well as our School’s established strengths. Following initial trips by faculty members to Haiti, dialogue began with the Ministry of Planning and the Commission of Reconstruction after which time it became clear that the School of Architecture’s collaboration would involve enabling Haitian planning professionals to continue their work over the coming year because a considerable number of their staff was lost in the quake. The Haitian government’s Commission for Reconstruction asked the University of Miami School of Architecture to host a 5-day event to
address post-earthquake planning, March 24-28. A collaborative workshop, the Haiti Charrette provided a forum for Haitian architects, planners and engineers to work with University faculty and students, and design professionals from the Haitian community in Miami, to develop spatial concepts for the government’s vision and its Post-Disaster Needs Assessment, as well as sustainable development models for prototypical communities. The charrette’s projects focused attention on the following categories: Impact within the Community; Sustainability; Land Use; Public/Private Cooperation. The 200 page report was broken down into two sections: one focused on general analysis and recommendations and a second on case studies (‘Table of Contents’ as follows). The body of work produced in the Charrette supported the Haitian government’s recommendations presented at the Donors Conference for Haiti at the end of March in New York. The representatives of the Haitian government which participated in the Charrette included individuals from the Prime Minister’s Bureau of Counselors and the Ministry of Planning and External Cooperation (MPCE), as well as the Conseil Interministériel pour l’Aménagement du Territoire (CIAT), which have been formulating the mission of the Temporary Planning Office (TPO). The School of Architecture’s efforts to assist in Haiti’s rebuilding will not end with its initial endeavor; as experience tell us that, our labors would be most helpful if they are multi-faceted and unfold over-time.
Seismic Zones, Source: USGS, Burdue University, Haiti Demain and other sources
TABLE OF CONTENTS I. General Analysis and Recommendations
• One Island-Two Countries: Resources, Synergies & Opportunities
• Haiti: Natural Hazards & Nationwide Infrastructure
• Healthcare
• Cultural Heritage
• Construction and Codes
• Implementation Recommendations
II. Case Studies
• Places of Exchange
• From Settlement to Community: Port au Prince • Integrated Agricultural Villages: Nord Region • Coastal Touristic Town: Port Salut • Port City: St. Marc • Rural Expansions: Bonet, Ganthier, New Lilet • Urban Expansion: Northern Neighborhoods, Port au Prince • Historic Preservation: Port au Prince
IMPLEMENTATION Investment Opportunities & Challenges
• “Boss Masons” • Continuing education
IMPLEMENTATION Prototype Village and Components
PROVISION OF BASIC NEEDS • Safety and security • Housing • Port development • Transportation • Business creation • Micro financing • Industry
DEVELOPMENT REGULATION & CONSTRUCTION Open space for forests, slopes and hilltops, drainage ways and permeability – “green boundary” Urban regulations: location, height and scale Building standards: Civic and commercial Auto build houses and shops
TOWN •Public Square •Community Resource Center •Fire Station •Healthcare •Religious Institution •Market •Local Retail •Sports Facilities •Entertainment •Schools •Industry •Transit Hub
AGRICULTURE • Tourism • Education • Health facilities • Government facilities • Alternative energy • Historic preservation BASIC NEEDS • Matching resources to needs –database • Distributing jobs to displaced population • Infrastructure to support distributed economic activity • NGO coordination and oversight • Workforce training and certification • Policies for sustainable land development • Urban and building standards, permitting and enforcement • Building a culture of compliance to standards
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS ENFORCEMENT AND BUILDING CAPACITY 1. Incentive system • Provision of pre-certified plans • Reward for building and maintaining in compliance with regulations • Provision of building components = reward • Other subsidies 2. Supervisor system • Training and appointing a neighborhood ‘construction supervisor” to guide methods and enforce regulations 3. Training system • Establish centers for training and education in construction • Construction techniques for hazard, resilience, sustainability and cultural preservation • Reinforcement of professional and technical associations
PARTNERSHIPS • Incentives for public/private/NGO partnerships • Encourage strategic alliances between stakeholders • Create federated structure to coordinate and regulate NGOs ESTABLISHING & MAINTAINING STANDARDS • Standards and regulations: urban development, building and sustainability •Professional and “Boss Mason” certification • Design, permitting and compliance process EDUCATION & CERTIFICATION • Public awareness • Architects and Engineers • Contractors
TOWN NEIGHBORHOOD PUBLIC SPACE EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS
NEIGHBORHOOD •Central Green •Water Sources •Laundry •Sports Field •Local Transit
ONE ISLAND-TWO COUNTRIES: Resources, Synergies & Opportunities
Natural Resources & Opportunities for tourism: south coast and frontier
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Potential Air and Sea Transportation, Cultural Exchange & Economic Development
The additional improvement of transportation systems can better facilitate tourism and commerce between the two countries. Quanaminthe & Dajabon: New Market Square
Quanaminthe & Dajabon: Border Town, Sister Cities
• Pedestrian bridge • Plaza • New boulevard • New bus station and market • New housing • Existing housing • Green buffer • Existing parking lot • River
HAITI - NATURAL HAZARDS & NATIONWIDE INFRASTRUCTURE: Multi-Hazard, Infrastructure, and Healthcare Map
Multi-Hazard & Infrastructure
Healthcare
Proposals for Transportation: Major Roads, Airports & Ports
Health care supporting village center. Drawing upon the Hôpital La Colline as a model, this image illustrates the role of the hospital as an anchor to a village center.
Rendering by Joanna Lombard
Source: Miinstere de l’interieur, Haiti Demain and other sources.
Knowledge of the country’s multiple hazards shall inform infrastructure decisions.
Rendering by Wendy Caraballo
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HISTORIC PRESERVATION - PORT AU PRINCE: Plan General et la Place de Saint Marc Venise
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Markets Marche de Fer, Port au Prince
Palaces Palais National Redevelopment of the historic district can commence strategically along the primary roads which lead to major public spaces, catalyzing touristic oriented activities and commerce. History is filled with examples of iconic public buildings being reconstructed in an effort to recuperate culturally significant structures.
PLACES OF EXCHANGE: Rural Markets, Village Centers, Churches, School House, Water Sources and Community Facilities
Rural (along road)
Village-Market/Church/ School/House
Rendering of Soccer Plaza: Market and Stadium
Rendering by Wendy Caraballo Renderings by Derrick Smith
Rural Market
Neighborhood Centers: Village Centers Market and Church and School house
Soccer Plaza: Market and Stadium
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FROM SETTLEMENT TO COMMUNITY: PORT AU PRINCE: Existing Irregular Block Layout
There are two essential types of informal urbanism, the regular is formed by an existing grid of sheets, usually of flat land, the irregular forms its own paths conforming to sloped terrain. Eight percent of Haiti’s building stock is comprised of informal or “auto-constructed” structures. The agglomeration of these buildings has resulted in high-density, mono-use settlements.
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INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL VILLAGES: Nord Region Eco-agri Tourism
RURAL EXPANSIONS: Bonet, Ganthier, and New Lilet
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GANTHIER – URBAN CONSOLIDATION Ganthier: town and ‘commune’ (county)
Town Infill - Ganthier
Rendering by Marcus Bastian
LOCATION - 3.5 Km NW of Massaide, along Route 306 -Area identified as one of Haiti’s investment target regions -Each group of villages can be linked to centrally located town (i.e. Massaide) - Existing village would grow as complimentary community services infrastructure are introduced and natural resources are better managed, thus facilitating agriculture and commerce - Development pattern can follow the established convention of the IKou/cluster found in the rural areas; specialty crops and the option of co-operating farming practices encouraged DESIGN PRINCIPLES - Clustered villages, approx. 150 - Cluster configuration reinforces community character, optimizes rural production & distribution and reinforces cultural traditions - An artificial lake & reservoir can provides locals with water & electricity - River bend & floodplain could be used to create a small lake and reservoir -Restoration of river, forests and people / village preservation of flood plains
Existing Facilities • Administrative Center • City hall / courthouse • Police • Custom / immigrationPublic Facilities • High school • Grade schools • Health clinic
Development Priorities • Urban plan to designate industrial, residential/commercial areas • Housing (villages relocation [fault line] and 8,000 internal refugees) • 2 Grade schools • Vocational school • Garbage, water, sewage facilities and treatment • Power • Natural Resource Management • Support of local government and indigenous organizations New Eco-Village Rendering by Wendy Caraballo
COASTAL TOURISTIC TOWN: Port Salut
Master Plan
PORT CITY: Saint Marc, Haiti
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New University Campus and Village: Surrounded by agricultural lands, restored waterways and greenways. • Increase Port Capacity • Redevelopment of Existing City • Add Workforce Housing • Add Industrial District • New Neighborhood • Water Conservation Reservoirs • Tourist Resort Village • University Village • Agricultural Belt • Repair Natural Waterways and Greenways
Perspective
Downtown redevelopment, restored waterways and greenway.