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coronavirus vaccine. Some ground-breaking research has recently been published. First, a characterization of almost 3000 S-reactive T cell clones from 34 COVID-19 individuals revealed an immunodominant S346-365 region within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) that is highly conserved among zoonotic and human sarbecoviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern. The S346-365 region was recognized by 94% of individuals and by 33% of the clones (Low 2021). Second, the vaccination of macaques with a pancoronavirus mRNA nanoparticle vaccine elicited cross-neutralizing antibody responses against batCoVs, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7, P.1, and B.1.351 (Saunders 2021). This is just the first glimpse of new and momentous developments to come.
References Abbasi J. COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccines-First Large Test for a New Approach. JAMA. 2020 Sep 3. PubMed: https://pubmed.gov/32880613. Full text: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.16866 Abu Jabal K, Ben-Amram H, Beiruti K, et al. Impact of age, ethnicity, sex and prior infection status on immunogenicity following a single dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: real-world evidence from healthcare workers, Israel, December 2020 to January 2021. Euro Surveill. 2021 Feb;26(6):2100096. PubMed: https://pubmed.gov/33573712. Full-text: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.6.2100096 Abu-Raddad LJ, Chemaitelly H, Butt AA; National Study Group for COVID-19 Vaccination. Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants. N Engl J Med. 2021 May 5. PubMed: https://pubmed.gov/33951357. Full-text: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2104974 Aeberhardt C, Gatinois C. Comment Sanofi s’est retrouvé distancé dans la course au vaccin contre le Covid-19. Le Monde 2021, published 11 January. Full text : https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2021/01/11/covid-19-le-destin-contrarie-duvaccin-de-sanofi_6065825_3234.html Agarwal A, Mukherjee A, Kumar G, Chatterjee P, Bhatnagar T, Malhotra P; PLACID Trial Collaborators. Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate covid-19 in adults in India: open label phase II multicentre randomised controlled trial (PLACID Trial). BMJ. 2020 Oct 22;371:m3939. PubMed: https://pubmed.gov/33093056. Full text: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3939 Agrawal AS, Tao X, Algaissi A, et al. Immunization with inactivated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus vaccine leads to lung immunopathology on challenge with live virus. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016 Sep;12(9):2351-6. PubMed: https://pubmed.gov/27269431. Full text: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2016.1177688 Alter G, Gorman M, Patel N, et al. Collaboration between the Fab and Fc contribute to maximal protection against SARS-CoV-2 following NVX-CoV2373 subunit vaccine with Matrix-M™ vaccination. Res Sq. 2021 Feb 15:rs.3.rs-200342. PubMed: https://pubmed.gov/33619473. Full-text: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-200342/v1 Alter G, Seder R: The Power of Antibody-Based Surveillance. N Engl J Med 2020, published 1 September. Full text: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe2028079. Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG, Widge AT, et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA1273 Vaccine in Older Adults. N Engl J Med, December 17 2020; 383:2427-2438. Full text: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2028436 Andrew MK, McElhaney JE. Age and frailty in COVID-19 vaccine development. Lancet 2020, published 18 November. Full text: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32481-8
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