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Part 5 - Blue John If you’ve been reading the previous articles in this series, you’ll have spotted that a common vein running through them (pun absolutely intended) has been Blue John…but what exactly Is Blue John?
In unromantic terms, it is a mineral, a form of fluorspar (also known as fluorite) with the chemical composition CaF2. Fluorspar is not an uncommon mineral, in fact it is found all over the world, but Castleton is the ONLY place Blue John is found.
Blue John, despite the name, is not really blue! The stone is actually banded, with stripes of an almost purplish grey blue, through to white and yellow, occasionally even red and a very deep purple are present. Rumours abound that the Romans, who had a small fort in nearby Brough (Navio in Roman times, meaning ‘on the river’) discovered the mineral and used it to create decorative cups and urns 2000 years ago. It was even said that a couple of vessels unearthed in Pompeii were made of Blue John from Castleton; something later proved to be untrue, but a good story nevertheless! There isn’t any hard archaeological fact to corroborate Romans finding and using Blue John, however, as veins of the mineral could be found at ground level (it’s often how later miners traced underground deposits) then I personally would imagine that the odd foot soldier or so would have picked up a chunk in passing. Actual mining of the mineral didn’t really begin until the mid-1700s when it became fashionable in the upper classes to have something made from Blue John. From fireplaces to pieces of jewellery and everything in between, the mineral was mined extensively and Castleton and surround villages became a centre for crafts people working with the stone. The earliest dated example of decorative Blue John from Castleton is from 1762 in Kedleston Hall, near Derby, where there are Blue John panels mounted in a marble fireplace surround designed by Robert Adam. The boom time for Blue John lasted until the end of the Victorian era when it fell out of favour, and instead of being mined to create beauty, it was diverted to the steel industry where it was used as flux.
And the name - Blue John? It depends on who you talk to, or what you read! The most common (and plausible) explanation is that the mineral was exported to France, where bleu, jaune means blue, yellow – a reasonable description of the banded mineral. Another plausible explanation comes from Cornwall! Cornish miners worked in the mines from the 1740s and in the Cornish language there is a word bleujenn (in Old Cornish blodon) meaning a flower, bloom, or blossom…I like the idea of the veins of mineral being called blooms! You can buy smaller items of Blue John in Castleton, but if you want one of the big pieces you better start saving, as they fetch into the thousands!
These articles are researched and written by Laura Billingham, a local content writer and author. Laura moved to the Peak District several years ago to pursue her passion for writing.
To find out more visit www.landgassociates.co.uk or contact Laura on 07736 351341
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