The road from community recovery to local development

The road from community recovery to local development : How can community recovery pave the way to sustainable development in the Great Lakes Region?

BURUNDI

Š UNDP Burundi / Patrice Brizard / 2014

Report on Regional Workshop Bujumbura, February 17 - 19, 2014

The road from community recovery to local development : How can community recovery pave the way to sustainable development in the Great Lakes Region?

Report on Regional workshop, Bujumbura 17 - 19 February 2014

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Director of publication: Xavier Michon, Country Director Rapporteurs: Tracy Dexter, Onesphore Novwayo Design & Layout: Patrice Brizard Photo credit: Aude Rossignol, Patrice Brizard

Table of contents § Introduction........................................................................... 1 • Context ................................................................................................1 • Description...........................................................................................1 § A pioneering approach in Burundi........................................3 • A new methodology, the 3x6 Approach.............................................. 3 • An original model of transition between process of reintegration and local development......................................................................... 5 § The themes of the workshop...................................................7 • Innovation........................................................................................... 7 • Community recovery........................................................................... 7 • Decentralization and local government............................................. 8 • Local Economic Development .......................................................... 10 § Field visit............................................................................. 11 § Outcome Statement and Closing ceremony.......................... 16 • Delegates’ Assessment........................................................................16 • Democratic Republic of Congo .....................................................16 • Kenya.............................................................................................16 • Tanzania........................................................................................17 • Bosnia-Herzegovina......................................................................17 • Rwanda..........................................................................................17 • Afghanistan....................................................................................17 • Uganda...........................................................................................17 • Burundi..........................................................................................17 • Café débat - Exchanges with local and international actors............. 18 • The Closing Ceremony...................................................................... 18 i

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ANNEXES

§ Annex 1 - Outcomes statement....................... 22 § Annex 2 - Summary of presentations............. 26 • Screening of a UNDP Burundi documentary film .......................... 26 • Presentation of the UNDP Burundi approach 3X6 ......................... 26 • Presentation of the experience of two beneficiaries and two partners of UNDP Burundi............................................................... 27 • Présentation of experiences in other countries................................30

§ Annex 3 - Outcome of the work of the thematic group sessions............................................... 32 • Thematic Group on Post-crisis community recovery and development .............................................................................. 32 • Thematic group on Local economic development ........................... 33 • Thematic group on Local governance and decentralization............ 34

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Introduction From 17 to 19 February 2014, UNDP organized in Bujumbura, Burundi 1, an international workshop whose central theme is "The Road to Sustainable Local Development: How community recovery can pave the way to sustainable development in the Great Lakes region". Le PNUD a invité des délégués de pays de la région des Grands Lacs : UNDP convened delegates from countries of the Great Lakes region- Burundi, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and special guests Bosnia and Afghanistan, and thematic experts from the Africa Regional Service Center, Addis Ababa and BCPR, New York.

Context The current level of interest, both internationally and nationally, in the overall progress of the Great Lakes region combined with uneven improvements in the security situation present a well-timed moment to strengthen and further standardize the community recovery sector as a key contributor to the region’s path toward local development. More than ever before, there is a need for a coherent and coordinated response to engage with the sector, whose stakeholders include the region’s governments, local authorities, private business, civil society and communities. In this context, it is paramount to establish a permanent multi-stakeholder forum, located at the national and Great Lakes region levels, to promote effective discussion and political coordination, as well as implementation and oversight of reforms in the community recovery sector and its evolution towards local development. Such a forum can be the platform to reach out to the interested African and international bodies, but as importantly, build trust and capacity for the various stakeholders.

Description The workshop provided an opportunity for countries in the Great Lakes region and beyond, private sector, civil society, academia and the international donor community to talk about the challenges and opportunities that community recovery poses and how responsible community recovery can better contribute to sustainable development, that is, economic growth, environmental protection and social equity at the local level. The workshop delegates, with in depth knowledge and a wide diversity of experience presented their programs, revealing their good and innovative practices and the challenges to recovery and transitioning to development. They also exchanged with other stakeholders in Burundi. There were three working groups and a rich report back session which was one of several opportunities for high quality discussion and debate.

1 The workshop was hosted by UNDP in collaboration with the Burundian Ministries of Solidarity and Communal Development, the Governments of Japan, the Netherlands, and the European Union, providing an opportunity for decision makers, researchers and practitioners to meet and exchange experiences.

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The main objectives were to exchange participant views on the priorities, challenges and opportunities for community recovery and local development programmes in the future; compile and share best practices of community recovery at the global level; to reinforce the importance of close collaboration between government, local authorities, civil society, donors and other stakeholders in guaranteeing the harmonized implementation of community recovery and transition towards local development mechanisms.

An aspiration of the workshop was to begin gathering the information necessary to develop a methodology to mainstream community recovery best practices such as the 3x6 Approach, the ART Global Initiative, innovation projects at the local level, and the Local Economic Development approach, into their countries’ respective policies, laws and regulations in order to ensure good practice by governments, local authorities, civil society and other partners.

These objectives were accomplished by discussions which identified lessons learned from programme initiatives designed to advance the contribution of community recovery to local development and good practice through country presentations, discussion, and analysis of key factors, which help the community recovery sector contribute to local development. These contributions provide the basis for an eventual structured response to the question, “Where does community recovery end and local development begin?�

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Š UNDP Burundi / Aude Rossignol / 2013

A pioneering approach in Burundi "The national strategy for the socioeconomic reintegration of conflict-affected populations is an original model of transition between a process of reintegration and local development. It has started its fourth year of implementation. While it has not been assessed in-depth, this strategy is already proving to be satisfactory through an innovative post-conflict socioeconomic reintegration approach, commonly referred to as '3x6 Approach' and which has shown to be very efficient. This approach has been further developed in Burundi with UNDP support and is now being implemented in other countries in post-conflict situations. The main components of this methodology are as follow : generating new temporary employment ; the socialization and peaceful cohabitation of communities ; and the setting-up of stable producer organisations and pre-cooperative groups or SMI / SME".

A new methodology, the '3x6 Approach' The 3x6 Approach arose in the post-conflict situation of Burundi, while the UNDP office looked at an innovative issue to the successfull socioeconomic reintegration of former combatants and other conflict-affected populations, and laid the foundations for a sustainable community and local development. All of this through an integrated approach aimed at helping people to control their own development process.

As part of this approach, community rehabilitation service have been developped as a means to achieving socioeconomic reintegration. The objective was to revitalize the local and community economy through the creation of temporary employment or economic opportunities benefiting to conflict-affected population, including high labor intensive works (HIMO). These works aimed at providing community or economic infrastructure ; promoting social cohesion ; bringing stability and security within community.

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At the same time this approach introduces Peace-building and social cohesion new innovative dimensions through the promotion and the strenghtening of creative capacities and the implementation of associations and co-operative movements, as well as the strenghtening of SMI/SME capacity creation. The objective is to facilitate individual savings, to promote social cohesion through collective economic activities and to engage with other actors in economic joint-ventures based on collective savings.

The three pillars of the 3x6 approach: • Inclusion, • ownership, and

• sustainability.

The 3x6 approach also fosters investments from a variety of sources, and risk-sharing. It is based on capacity utilisation, resources and local know-how to transform passive receivers of post-conflict development assistance into proactive economic players, capable and able to define and manage the development process and outcomes.

The 3x6 approach successfully implemented in Burundi since 2010, has proved its worth and has enabled thousands of people to improve their live condition in the country. Its implementation is now underway in Democratic Republic of Congo and Yemen.

See in Annex 2: Presentation of the UNDP approach 3X6 by the Country Director in Burundi, Mr. Xavier Michon.

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A pioneering approach

in B urundi

An original model of transition between process of reintegration and local development The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Burundi proposes a Framework program for Local Community Recovery and Human Development (LCRHD), which aims at establishing the groundwork of the transition from Community Recovery towards sustainable local development, and can lead to economic growth, social equality, peace building and environmental protection at local level.

The underlying approach of the LCRHD Program Burundi consists in promoting the sustainable human development; which means the increase of human freedoms and potentials in all its aspects: economic, social, cultural and political. The Sustainability implies preserving achievements, in that we pass on to future generations an amount of capital (social, human and economic), which allows them to live at least as well as the present generation.

Building on UNDP Burundi accomplishments in the area of Community Recovery, especially the “3x6 Approach�, the LCRHD Program is intended to contribute to enhanced social peace, human development, reduced poverty and full respect for human rights, through the support to local development initiatives.

This output will be achieved by implementing a strategy for dialogue. The Program will focus on strengthening the active role of local communities in Burundi (social and institutional actors of municipalities and provinces) and their capacity to engage in dialogue with the national authorities. The Program will aim at strengthening the culture of conflicts prevention at the local level, by developing the right skills and creating mechanisms allowing the communities to resolve their differences and to address the root causes of the conflict. The Program will also aim at revitalizing the local economic development, by encouraging the economic activity so as to create new opportunities and improve lives and livelihoods.

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The Program will propose innovative mechanisms to resolve problematic situations at the local level, such as setting up Houses for Peace and Development at provincial level with the following features: 1. The coordination and interaction between the actors at local level; 2. The establishment of an Ad Hoc Group of Experts (engineers, architects) to provide the project ownership to municipalities in need of technical assistance; 3. The training of local politicians and executives.

The purpose of the Program is to demonstrate how individuals who suffered the consequences of armed conflict could become integrated citizens into a changing society in which their capacity could emerge as human beings. The territorial Pact will be the final result of a cooperation process between the actors, from hills up to the concerned ministries, and will be supported by all the partners involved in international co-operation within the territory.

The projects proposed as Pilot management programs of territorial services will have to take into account the territorial reality of the province and be part of Municipal Development Community Plans priorities. The projects must have a local-territorial character to facilitate the convergence of public policies at the local level.

Finally, the participatory strategic planning, the multi-level interaction, the job creation, the improvement of public services, the revitalization of local economy, the implementation of innovative mechanisms, the acceleration of the decentralization process through the local skills consolidation, the local leadership in local democracy, the south-south and triangular cooperation, will only be the guiding principles on which to improve the human being capabilities and to pave the way to peace building in Burundi.

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© UNDP Burundi / Aude Rossignol / 2014

The themes of the workshop The Workshop focused on four major themes: (i) Innovation; (ii) Community recovery; (iii) decentralization and local governance; and (iv) local economic development. A field visit was also organized for delegates.

Innovation Delegates were lead to a better understanding that innovation is one of the best means to lead from community recovery to local development. All were moved by the expert, Mr. Le Page’s definition: “Innovation is 5% technology and 95% imagination and should be approached in terms of needs and solutions”.

Steal (ideas) with pride! and learn!

Knowledge is outside.

Partner to deliver.

Reach out to young people!

The delegates captured the importance of this element in their outcome statement, “ We intend to pursue innovation as a vehicle for opportunity and continuous improvement; reward creativity internally and among external social innovators; find ways of stimulating buy in of national leaders for a conducive environment for innovation, and then find mechanisms to support the innovations in policymaking and its implementation”.

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The Rwanda delegate presented ways that tradition and local culture can be used in innovative ways, citing an adaptation of a local justice mechanism (Gacaca) for national reconciliation and the institutionalization of the practice of community development work (ubudehe).However, as pointed out by the Bosnia delegate, though innovation can come from the community, it can also be based on what specialists “sell” to the community. This is similar to a point raised about pilot projects or prototypes. Once an innovation is tried in the form of a prototype, and then its effect documented, it can be "sold" ” to others for support (government or private). Prototypes are used to concretise solutions in the following sequence: When a bottleneck is identified (an unfulfilled need or problem), a reflection process leads to a prototype which, if effective leads to scaling up. Innovation hubs and incubators exist on the continent.

Though minds change more slowly than the development we want to see, entrepreneurial behavior should be identified, and supported in order to enhance peace building and be a driver for economic development. It is important to target innovators, not just innovation and young people are optimal partners.

Mrs. Mylene Lavoie oulined the role of innovation in a conflict/crisis to local development continuum.

Moving from a post-conflict context, the management mechanisms and financing of services and of development are not fully operational in public administration. Innovation is needed in searching out new mechanisms for implementing development. Innovation would be applied to new forms of partnerships, such as decentralized cooperation, public-private partnerships, cooperative and solidarity economy1 . The transition is made when pilot innovative strategies are integrated into public policies and programmes on a national scale: this is « scaling up », one of the key accomplishments of the transition from community recovery to local development.

Many of the delegates are implementing pilot programs and have differing needs to achieve the scaling up which will secure a transition to development. Access to finance is a problem which needs innovative solutionssome of which are available in the above-mentioned partnerships. In Burundi’s 3 x 6 program, UNDP uses an innovative phased model and contributes some financing at each phase of Community recovery from a first phase of the creation of temporary employment, in which UNDP provides salaries to the workers on the condition that one third of the amount is put in savings for a next phase. UNDP then supports the creation of producers associations, and others, multiplying the investment that they make, and then supports pre-cooperative groups or small businesses. A social cohesion aspect is mainstreamed as well as a gendered approach. The DRC has planned a similar phased approach but, adapting it to the context which is still experiencing conflict, an entire Phase 0 would be devoted to dialogue and reconciliation which would then continue to be integrated as a cross-cutting aspect. The need for focus on the social dynamic is more acute in certain situations but is essential in all community recovery.

Community recovery A working session facilitated by Minako Manome Livelihoods and Recovery Specialist, BCPR, compiled specific experiences and recommendations related to CR. BCPR includes three phases in one programme of CR/LER: track A is stabilizing livelihoods, track B is local economic recovery for employment & reintegration (where required) and track C is sustainable employment and inclusive economic growth. The approach which underlines this mode is sustainability. Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, DRC and Northern Uganda all use phased programmes, each one linked to national and regional policies. The challenges to CR are largely with its sustainability and its scaling up, especially for youth employment. Furthermore, even where entrepreneurs are identified, they have a tendency to be risk aversive and a balance must be struck between their traditional methods and wisdom, and using other means to create a niche.

The group compiled the good practices in CR beginning with: •

Macro-micro link: the socio economic recovery programmes developed to implement the national strategy – the National Strategy for Reintegration in Burundi and regional strategies such as the Programme for Development and Rehabilitation in Northern Uganda, and the Afghanistan. In the latter case, many projects are implemented directly by the government, which has two advantages: the skills of state officials are reinforced through training. This is a stabilizing factor and one that aims at sustainability and scale in that once development projects close, the government can resume operations without difficulty. In the latter two countries, local planning processes have been integrated into national poverty reduction strategies.

1 This is an approach to local development which is based on collective projects and in which any profits or benefits are reinvested back into the structure of the collectivity.

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•

•

•

•

•

Another fruitful approach to CR is the multi-dimensional area-based intervention, including inter-agency joint programming to enhance community resilience: livelihoods support, local governance/ municipal services, social cohesion, peacebuilding, and disaster risk reduction as in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi.

An approach, used in Uganda is value chain development through private sector engagement. A fair trade approach was developed for the international market for cotton and sesame.

Another area of engagement of the private sector is IT. In Kenya and Afghanistan, mobile cash transfers are used to pay for emergency or temporary employment. (This is innovating as close as possible to the client, thus addressing the problem of access to financial resources into rural areas).

Participation of women and youth is key to ensure vulnerable population’s engagement and sustainability. Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, and Afghanistan were cited as examples and the DRC and Rwanda also focused on these groups. Women in particular, have used Village Savings and Loans to help finance their needs (“circles” in Rwanda), but these extend to all members of the local communities.

Capacity development of stakeholders as key to ensure sustainability and scale up- key examples are the Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations in Uganda & Kenya women’s leadership and associations in Burundi.

Regular monitoring and tracking progress for community recovery needs to be done to curb early warning signs of emerging issues (changing needs) that should be addressed, especially those that may affect local development of communities- land conflicts, youth unemployment, gender based violence, etc.

Uganda’s experience.

-- Experience of Uganda

Legal measures exist to ensure women’s participation- e.g. Burundi (30 %). These legal measures are not sufficient in themselves; as pointed out by the delegate to Rwanda, gender parity is the goal..

The principal lessons learned were in regard to the importance of: periodic solid assessments and analysis; and to plan all phases from the beginning as the 3 X 6 project in Burundi did. Because all stages are planned from the start and in line with a national plan. Nonetheless, needs change, context changes therefore, monitoring and assessment must be continual.

In addition, practical achievements among players from different sectors structure new relationships between the governmental authorities and their voters; this contributes to the efforts to influence the policy development process.

Capacity building for Community resilience is part of this area and good practices include local training (risk management and prevention) and implementing activities for strengthening social cohesion in the development process, the development of a poverty and vulnerability mapping, the promotion of a thorough understanding of local context and conflict dynamics.

Decentralization and local governance Mylène Lavoie, Senior Policy Governance and Local Development UNDP facilitated the working session.

The group did a situation analysis identifying opportunities, best practices, bottlenecks and risks and threats. The group noted that the Great Lakes countries are engaged in the implementation of the decentralization process and have even developed laws governing the framework. This is an opportunity for local development.

However, bottlenecks exist for its implementation. These challenges include the lack of financial, human and technical resources, lack of coordination / consultation among stakeholders, as well as the disconnection between national policies, sectorial and community development plans. In fact decentralization remains more theoretical

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than practical and is also faced with fragile political stability and social cohesion.

As ways forward from these challenges, the group suggested developing and implementing fiscal decentralization and facilitating the mobilization of additional resources for the implementation of local development. This would involve a transfer of part of the state budget and sectorial budgets to municipalities to exercise the transferred powers and implementation of community development plans. There are problems with transfers from central to regional government, such as in the DRC, making it particularly important to work to strengthen decentralized structures to take charge of their own development, with their own potentialities.

To promote mobilization of other resources, the group suggested the development of a local tax base, implementing local economic development strategies that support job creation in the private sector (formalize the informal economy) and broadening the tax base at the local level. Indeed, the point of connection between the national and the local level is taxation- the local government should be autonomous in this regard.

Š UNDP Burundi/Aude Rossignol/2014 Mylène Lavoie, Senior Policy Governance and Local Development UNDP facilitated the working session.

It is also important to mobilize other resources from bilateral cooperation, development partners, and from the diaspora, who can contribute to capacity building efforts as well. Exploration of new funding should extend to decentralized cooperation and public private partnerships.

Platforms for consultation are recommended, including development actors of all sectors and all levels (local, regional, national authorities, decentralized technical services, private sector, civil society, professional associations, associations and NGOs, development partners, etc.).

Participatory Approach Central Government

National Planning

Sectoral Ministries Sectoral Planning

Decentralised services

Implementation of sectoral plans at local level

Decentralised community entity Area planning and implementation at local level Population/Civil society /private sector

It is essential to clarify the roles of the different actors; promote a participatory approach to planning and building a dynamic bottom-up process (local integration policies and priorities in national and sectorial programs).

An identified good practice is to promote the coordination of development between actors in different sectors and last but not least, strengthening advocacy for the development of public policies involved in the development of an environment conducive to investment and implementation of the development environment. This, as for the other sectors, is what will make the interventions sustainable and able to be scaled up.

Moreover, concrete accomplishments of actors in different sectors, even if on a pilot basis, spawn new relationships between government officials and their constituents, and this contributes to the efforts to influence the policy-making process.

Capacity building for community resilience is part of this sector and good practices include local training (management and risk prevention) and implementing activities to strengthen social cohesion in the development process; creation of a mapping of poverty and vulnerability promoting a thorough understanding of the local context and an understanding of the dynamics of conflict.

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Local economic development The working group was chaired by Mr. Ferran Perez of ART International and Mr. Marco Daccri, Councilor of Turin.

An extensive list of challenges was assembled including: lack of effective policy / institutionalization in terms of laws of LED; various line ministries with responsibilities related to LED leading to fragmented strategies and actions at local level; limited capacity at national and local level on LED-related issues; limited access to financing at local level; inefficient exploitation of territorial resources – not reverting back to the community; lack of skills in the community. There is often a lack of awareness of local communities of the potentialities of their region. Local development must be linked to local potential; local communities cannot wait for opportunities. In many areas, the private sector is weak, and so sustainable activities in the CR and decentralization phases need to make contributions to an enabling environment so that it can become a partner and champion of development.

In order to overcome these challenges, what is needed is a national strategy for LED, adequate public financing for its implementation, adaptable to territorial realities, and institutionalized at national, intermediate and local levels. A mapping of needs and strengths is important for communities and to inform planning and policy-making. The Rwanda delegate pointed out that in order for policy to actually be implemented, it should then be enshrined in law (informed by mapping).

Š UNDP Burundi/Aude Rossignol/2014

In addition, an important intervention is to build The working group was chaired by Mr. Ferran Perez of the capacity of local authorities to become catalysts of ART International and Mr. Marco Daccri, Councilor of LED or a key team player as in the case of Tanzania which Turin. has some experiences of the private sector championing the economy whilst the government becomes an informed coordinator or facilitator; include a LED unit within the local government: information, orientation, support for SMEs, cooperatives - start-up, kits, support to value chains, market assessment, marketing. For agricultural production, local producers can supply international markets through the Slow Food Movement (Italian initiative).

Innovative tools are necessary to finance LED – community banks, small finance schemes for start-ups and a PPP can be used to produce skills for employability, that is, public investment on vocational training with private engagement. Or in the opposite sense, as in Bosnia, the private sector constructs modern stables for dairy cows and the municipality pays the construction permit. In some of the target areas in the Great Lakes region, it is important that training targets interventions that are not dependent on land. In Northern Uganda, for example, youth make up 60% of the population and need training for employment other than agriculture- but which does not lead to rural exodus.

All efforts require awareness raising on the long term benefits of LED actions to foster an entrepreneurial mentality. As for other sectors, a specific focus must be on women, youth and marginalized groups and incentives (tax, subsidies, measures included in public procurement laws) can be provided for entities that respect this.

The delegate from Turin, Marco, pointed out the usefulness of identifying an element that is necessary for both the public and the private sector. Both technical training schools and enterprises need machines and so, like in Tanzania, the public sector should provide grants for long-term loans for equipment, which the private sector would then supply, to farmers. Further, it is the role of the public sector to help a financing system where the banks cannot arrive. (Village savings and loans [circles] are helpful but financing at this stage needs to be scaled up.)

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Field visit The workshop delegates participated in a field tour. Some toured a community structure, the Youth Center, and income generating projects, some visited rice fields and agricultural producers, and others visited the integrated rural village, in which 50 houses were constructed for target beneficiaries. All of these were supported through the 3x6 approach1. The Delegates observed closely, congratulated the implementation of the 3x6 process and also posed questions that would help them consider transferability. The delegates made a number of suggestions on how to extend or scale up, capitalize on the projects.

The utilization of locally made bricks was one innovation that was noted. The youth center was praised as a successful project. Its services could be extended services in partnership with a school to provide some technical training…particularly if public (or even private) grants were applied. One of the key recommendations was to plan from the beginning how take beneficiaries all the way through a process such as planning how products will be promoted, marketed and sold and, for example, how resettled communities will attain their livelihoods once in their housing. The aspect of income generation for the resettled persons is necessary and could be integrated within the recovery phase in order to pave the way to sustainable development. The delegate from Bosnia would like to see an effort to add value to rice production through establishing processing and packaging facilities. The delegates from Kenya and Bosnia suggested that the young people in the Rural Villages should be involved in projects like sanitation or reforestation , which will be crucial for their settlement.

1 Construction & Equipement du centre Jeunes de Isale, Entretien avec les bénéficiaires des activités Génératrices de revenus regroupés dans 3 Organisations de Producteurs ;

Visite du projet Construction de 50 Maisons en Briques stabilisées au & Entretien avec les Bénéficiaires ; Visite du projet Aménagement du périmètre rizicole de

VRI

de

Rugaragara

Nyamabere(482ha) et entretien avec les exploitants du périmètre rizicole.

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“Working in an integrated way such as we witnessed on the ground, the approach 3x6 is very full of inspiration for our projects.

For example, in our projects we find, the components of construction and economic development, but we did not mix them together. What we really need is a model for integration that focuses on specific goals to be achieved by all participants”.

Mohammed Resool, Program Analyst, SGUNDP Afghanistan

© UNDP Burundi/Aude Rossignol/2014

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Outcome statement and closing of the workshop The delegates worked together on a final declaration, which consolidated the learning and recorded certain lessons learned during the workshop exchanges and field visit. They expressed a commitment to a forum for regular exchange. The text is included below in the Annex.

Delegates’ Assessment • Democratic Republic of Congo Delegates of the Democratic Republic of the Congo noted that the workshop was an opportunity to learn from the experiences of others and see how to get from community recovery to development. They hoped that the next meeting would be to evaluate steps taken. They recognized the importance of public-private partnership, civil society and the effectiveness of decentralization. They recommended that decentralization is consistent with this approach and that communities are at the center of what will be considering in their favor and there is collaboration at the regional level.

• Kenya Delegates from KENYA appreciated that local development is considered a priority. They recommended partnerships to consolidate, strengthen south-south cooperation, documenting innovation and build on existents regional frameworks such as the International Conference on the Great Lakes region, among others.

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• Tanzania The delegation thanked the organizers of the workshop for the opportunity to learn a lot from the experiences of others and promised to better prepare for the next meeting to share its experience.The delegate stressed that community recovery needs political commitment and the communities themselves must be at the center. Moreover, the local government must play a facilitating role. It is also necessary to work together between national governments and local governments. Decentralization should not be taken as a goal but as a means to ensure the development and improve the quality of services, in particular through the equitable redistribution of resources and transparent management.

• Bosnia Herzegovina The delegation of Bosnia thanked UNDP for hosting the workshop and the projects visited. It recommended that UNDP take the risk of starting the development based on the results. The delegation noted the success of projects for young people and women. They stressed that the projects can benefit from more training to beneficiaries. They also noted that for production project, like rice, there should be a component of processing and packaging.

• Rwanda His delegation also expressed its appreciation for holding the workshop and shared experiences. She mentioned, for example, the Community Recovery is a process that requires a holistic approach with aspects of social cohesion. The delegate noted the need to involve civil society and the private sector, and the need for capacity building at all levels. They highlighted the need to stimulate innovation among young people and to materialize ideas.

Finally, the delegation recommended the participation and involvement of beneficiaries in the planning process, the sharing of information and good practices in the region, the promotion of inter-country cooperation, strengthening of local government and the involvement of civil society and other organizations of the UN system.

• Afghanistan The Afghan delegation thanked UNDP and the Burundians. The delegate emphasized the importance of coordination of interventions, collaboration and cooperation between states and actors. The field visit was inspiring; what they suggested with regard to the rice project, and generally, was to plan from the beginning to support the entire value chain and improved working methods at community level. In that way, the production, which is enhanced, will have a market.

• Uganda This delegation expressed its appreciation to UNDP for the workshop and the valuable lessons learned there. The delegates enjoyed the field trip and were impressed with the rice project. They suggested that hydropower would greatly increase production. They put particular emphasis on the fact that the innovation approach should help young people to think “outside the box”.

• Burundi The representative of the Ministry responsible for local development thanked UNDP for organizing and hosting this workshop. He congratulated the delegates for their dynamic and rewarding participation. He acknowledged the achievements of Burundi in community recovery through UNDP initiatives and those of other actors. These successes are reflected in the political will of leaders to support the community, through the development of strategies that will make them concrete. These include the decentralization policy, also the existence of some tools such as the PRSP II, Vision 2025, and the National Strategy for Good Governance and Fight against Corruption, etc.

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OUTCOME STATEMENT AND CLOSING OF THE WORKSHOP

He identified some challenges as to the financing of decentralization, private sector involvement and coherence between national planning and local planning. However, he has welcomed the intention of UNDP to progress from community recovery to development.

Café Debat- Exchanges with local and international actors A café debat between seven panelists was moderated by Mr. Déo Guide RUREMA, official manager of the Second Vice-President of the Republic of Burundi. The panelists were : Mrs. Marguerite BARANKITSE (Maison Shalom-Burundi), Mr. Hervé (Belgian Technical Cooperation (CTB) in Bujumbura), Mrs. Shabanna (Pays de la Loire–France), Mr. Hilaire NTAKUWUNDI (Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Communal Development-Burundi), Mr. Marco Daccri (Local government Turin-Italia), Mr. Pontien BIKEBAKO (NGO TWITEZIMBERE-Burundi). Each speaker was able to share his/her local development experiences and /or Peace Building at community level.

Throughout the course of the workshop, many constraints were identified and one, which was recurrent, was the lack of political will to lead and sustain local recovery and development. “Space” is limited, including in the workshop venue, Burundi. There was a unique opportunity for participants to exchange with Burundian practitioners who have created or joined in spaces for responsible recovery and sustainable development. The representative from the Burundi Ministry of Local Development shared its move forward into sustainable development, noting that policies and laws are already in place to make the commune the driver of development. What is missing in order to put plans in action is funding.

Development

+

Reconciliation

=

Social cohesion

The speaker from Turin local government, Marco, spoke about the upcoming forum of local development- a meeting point of international, national and local actors- to be hosted in Turin in collaboration with UNDP. Marco Daccri and his co-presenter, Mr. Pontien Bikebako from the Burundian development organization, Twitezimbere, insisted on inclusiveness as a principle and a methodology in all local development.

Another speaker, Marguerite Barankitse (Maggy) who works on community reconciliation and development in Burundi linked many workshop themes in a logic that is actually implemented in the Kenyan Uwiano (peace) experience putting an accent on the link between development and reconciliation as being essential to social cohesion.

The Resident Representative of UNDP, Mme Rosine Sori Coulibaly presented her concluding remarks, which were followed by the remarks of her Excellency, the Minister of Solidarity, Human rights and gender, Mme. Clothilde Niragira.

©UNDP Burundi / Aude Rossignol / 2014

The Closing Ceremony

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The road from community recovery to local development

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Conclusion

Les Pays représentés ont partagé leurs expéCountries shared their experiences, good practices; lessons learned and captured the principles on which recovery working toward sustainable development is based, and ideas for the future, to continue this dialogue where actors critically engage with each other based on their different experiences, in a bi-annual forum. The space is expected to create confidence and enrich different stakeholders including our national governments.

Among the different participants, each has a different recipe for their transition from community recovery to community development. «Nous travaillons ensemble à l’élaboration d’un instrument pour traduire ces principes et les différentes pratiques, saisir les fondements et les structurer », ont-ils affirmé.

Athough there are a number of common challenges such as lack of access to finance, the diversity of approaches, particularly in light of the exhortation to “Steal with Pride” are ingredients for innovation and inspiration. It will be possible in the near future, by working together, to develop an instrument to translate common principles and numerous practices capture the fundamentals and structure them so as to provide more specific guidance to answer the question ‘where does community recovery end and local development begin?”

The participants were able to see that in the CR activities themselves, local governance and local economic development activities, sustainability is a constant approach. Some of the fundamental components of sustainability are the possibility to catalyze other resources- locally, nationally (a line in the national budget), or other; and strengthening mechanisms to transfer the management and control of what has been put in place to local, inclusive structures. A cross-cutting or specific approach to social cohesion and national reconciliation is a crucial component.

Through this exchange of achievements and challenges, and sharing of technical materials, instruments and experiments, the participants created a spirit of sharing and dialogue of the same sort that is necessary for sustainable change in beneficiary communities. The delegates took the opportunity to begin innovating during their feedback session after the field visit. The UN and its partners, particularly governments, must continue the exchange and move on to create complementary and synergistic approaches to better contribute to the ultimate goal of human development- the individual’s well-being.

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Annex 1: Outcome statement «The Road to Sustainable Local Development: How community recovery can pave the way to sustainable development in the Great Lakes region?»

Bujumbura, Burundi, 17 - 19 February 2014

Delegates from Afghanistan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda gathered together in Bujumbura, Burundi from 17th to 19th February 2014, convoked

by UNDP to participate in the workshop “The road from community recovery to local development: how can community recovery pave the way to sustainable development in the Great Lakes Region?”.

The event takes place when the overall progress of the Great Lakes region, combined with uneven improvements in the security situation, presents a well-timed moment to strengthen the community recovery sector as a key contribution to the region’s path towards local development and sustainable peace. More than ever before, there is a need for a coherent and coordinated response to engage with the sector, whose stakeholders include the regions’ governments, local authorities, private business, civil society and communities.

Fully conscious of the challenges and opportunities, drawing attention to the importance of capitalizing on the results of community recovery and pave the way to sustainable development, we, the delegates, express our satisfaction with the unique opportunity to exchange experiences and engage in discussions and to be inspired by the efforts of others, as a reminder of our common aim of people-centered development: 1. We recognize the centrality of promoting a community recovery process that can lead to economic growth, social equity, peace building and environmental protection at the local level.

2. We acknowledge that a detailed and comprehensive roadmap of the way from community recovery to sustainable local development has not yet been developed, however we salute that in this workshop we have begun capitalizing on the good practices and specific challenges on this road.

3. We are committed, therefore to continuing the dialogue, exchange and capitalization which has begun by proposing the creation of a network of practitioners through some or all of the following actions in which we tap into the assets of one another.

4. We call on UNDP/BPPS1, through its global outreach and expertise in post crisis settings to contribute to the implementation of the proposed network of practitioners, and support catalytic and innovative initiatives that address the transition from community recovery to local development.

5. We note that all of the experiences that were shared reflected community recovery which are laying strong foundations and addressing the basic conditions for sustainable development, in particular the importance of context specific and evidence based programming taking into account culture and tradition, participatory planning, building ownership, dialogue to enhance trust, capacity development at different levels, partnerships with state and non-state actors, as well as other forms of collaboration between government, local authorities, civil society, private sector, donors and other stakeholders.

6. We salute the inputs provided by the working groups on local development and governance, social and economic recovery, public private partnerships and local economic development working groups which will be used to develop a methodological approach to ensure a transition from community recovery to sustainable local development.

1 Newly created bureau which consolidates BCPR and BDP

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T he road f rom community reco v ery to local de v elopment

7. We are aware that a key aspect of our work on community recovery and especially its contribution to development involves close attention to social dynamics, as well as an element of changing attitudes and mindsets.

8. We will continue to place emphasis on ensuring opportunity for women, youth and other excluded groups, as agents of their own development.

9. We note with satisfaction the good practices shared by participants in close collaboration with their respective national partners, including [ in alphabetical order, not in order of importance] those of: 9.1

Afghanistan: establishment, capacity development and nationwide extension of District Development Assemblies (DDA) as catalysts of change through the identification, prioritization and implementation of local development priorities in absence of constitutionally elected District Councils.

9.2

Bosnia-Herzegovina: support to local partners to convey policy input to the higher government level, influencing government Ministry design of support measures to farmers.

9.3

Democratic Republic of Congo: participatory conflict analysis that takes into account conflict causes and solutions as a first phase of recovery and development projects, in fact, the “3x6 approach” was adapted for future programming to eastern DRC and a dialogue and reconciliation phase was added at the beginning as Phase O.

9.4

Kenya: establishment of a national architecture for peace/networks of local peace and cohesion structures (Council of Elders, Peace Committees, Cohesion and Peace Monitors) and nurturing high-level partnership with political leaders, security officials and civil society.

9.5

Rwanda: implementing “Home Grown” initiatives such as Girinka, a scheme to provide one cow to poor rural households; Ubudehe, a community based initiative to eradicate poverty at the local level; and Gacaca, a community based approach that promotes access to justice and social cohesion.

9.6

Tanzania: implementing a capacity-building strategy as part of a Village Savings and Loan activity, which could be replicated in other development initiatives that involve building capacity.

9.7

Uganda: a creative use of an incentive to encourage people to return to their communities, drawing on tradition by providing traditional leaders houses in the community, targeting the same groups with livelihood support and using them to resolve conflicts, such as peace rings.

9.8

9.8. Burundi: empowering communities through the “3x6 approach” which is structured around three organizing principles –inclusiveness, ownership and sustainability– and six consecutive steps –enrolment, rapid income generation, savings, joint venturing, investing and expanding markets–.

10. We will take a leadership role in capitalizing on the results of community recovery activities to embark on a bold agenda on local development, through developing appropriate policies, reinforcing the local dimension in strategic and sectorial planning, and investing in concrete local development measures in on-going as well as new socio-economic development programs.

11. We need to prioritize south-south and triangular mechanisms, decentralized cooperation, public private partnerships and other innovative networking initiatives to deepen the impact of our coordinated efforts in support to local development.

12. We will invest in building capacity of local administration at all levels and empowering communities and civil society to develop and implement local development plans, access funding and apply available tools to improve development results at the local level.

13. We will continue promoting community-based participation, sharing of good practices to scale-up local development activities, and close collaboration between local authorities, communities, private sector, donors, and especially to enhance people’s capacity to implement the priorities identified in the local development plans.

14. 14. We will prioritize mechanisms for participation of all segments of the society in local development and resilience building: recognizing the vulnerabilities but more importantly the role and capacity of women, youth, children, the elderly and people living with disabilities to enable their valuable contribution; ensuring gender equality; strengthening the involvement of academia, civil society organizations, private sector, and other actors to accelerate development actions at the local level.

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A nnex 1 : O utcome statement

15. We will support the creation of local collaborative platforms for development and community resilience that emphasize concrete actions, along with the sharing of knowledge and experience and enhancing collaboration between national authorities and the local population.

16. We welcome the establishment of groups of experts, and peer review mechanisms, to continuously monitor, assess and evaluate complex dynamics of local development and to work on strategic actions towards local development and peace consolidation in post-crisis countries

Looking into the near future, 17. We recognize that the establishment of a shared Community Recovery to Local Development (CRLD) framework will be a critical instrument to capitalize on the results post crisis/conflict efforts and lessons learned for sustainable local development.

18. We are aware of the necessity to shift from the still prevalent mindset for short-term community recovery response to long-term development at the local level.

19. We are taking a proactive role in defining this important future CRLD framework, drawing on local, national and international experience, challenges as well as solutions and ensuring national ownership.

20. We plan to ensure a genuine bottom-up and top-down engagement for the CRLD framework, starting with accelerating the dissemination of information and knowledge 21. We will promote dialogue and inputs of governments, local authorities, civil society, private sector, donors and other stakeholders in the process, and promote systematic local development approach to support each other.

22. We intend to pursue innovation as a vehicle for opportunity and continuous improvement; reward creativity internally and among external social innovators; find ways of stimulating buy in of national leaders for a conducive environment for innovation, and then find mechanisms to support the innovations in policymaking and its implementation.

23. We propose to establish a multi-stakeholder forum that will meet twice a year in order to promote effective discussion and coordination, as well as implementation and oversight of improvements and innovations in the community recovery sector and its transition towards local development. Such a forum will be the platform to reach out to the interested African and international bodies, but as importantly, build trust and capacity for the various stakeholders.

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A nnexe 2 : S ynth è se des pr é sentations

Annex 2 : Summary of presentations

The viewing of a documentary film produced by UNDP Burundi UNDP Burundi launched the conference by sharing a video it produced which showcases its community recovery program, the 3x6 approach. The topic of the film concerns UNDP Burundi supported initiatives of reintegration and development. It’s about activities, which allowed the development of services at community level, the promotion and creation of jobs opportunities, but mainly the social integration of beneficiaries. The video helped to visualize the synergies developed around diverse activities such as infrastructure building, trade centers improvement in order to boost trade exchanges, handicraft activities, services (recharging of mobile phones) and promotion of associative movement…

Comment: Participants commended UNDP interventions, which have visibly improved the living conditions and well being of its people. They hoped that donors use UNDP expertise in community development. They also recognized the importance of reconciliation for integration and sustainable development. They expressed their concerns in relation to sustainability after the project. It appeared that sustainability depends on the ability of the community to be self-financing. The question that remains is that of the boundary between the transition phase and the development phase at a time when the economy is weak and is not protected from various risks.

BURUNDI- Presentation of the UNDP 3X6 approach The Country Director in Burundi, Mr. Xavier Michon, presented the 3X6 approach focusing on its 3 pillars, namely, inclusiveness, ownership and sustainability. The presentation was complemented by the description of the local economic development policy of UNDP and the results of the study on the opportunities and challenges of community recovery in the Great Lakes region and their impact on local development.

In terms of inclusion, UNDP records, since 2010, 16,886 temporary jobs, 202 rehabilitation initiatives and made US$ 2,660,824 in grants, which were directly injected in the communities, particularly in the form of wages or savings.

In terms of ownership, since 2011, the approach could allow the creation of 502 producer organizations comprising 14,975 members. These organizations have been able to invest themselves US$ 294,414 while UNDP has invested US$ 1,110,166.

In terms of sustainability, since 2012, the approach has contributed to the development of the value chain. Eight pilot projects have emerged with private operators for promoting agricultural sector and job creation, while the capacity of populations have been strengthened in terms of access to markets and employment.

With this approach, UNDP was able to identify good practices to promote. Experience shows that it is necessary to strengthen the capacity of populations to define and manage their processes and outcomes of development. Rehabilitation projects must be based on the needs of the community. We must exploit existing structures and it is also essential to produce evidence through pilot initiatives and systematic documentation of practices and results. Finally, it is essential to develop transparent relationships with government partners.

As lessons learned, UNDP believes that interventions should be simple and multidisciplinary to respond to complex realities.

Success is also dependent on effective teamwork (internal and external). In fact, for UNDP, innovation requires a multidisciplinary response including catalytic investments (seed capital)

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The road from community recovery to local development

In fact, for UNDP, innovation requires a multidisciplinary response including catalytic investments (seed capital).

In addition, it is important to clearly communicate the program logic. Finally, the creation of jobs in the short term makes the transition to sustainable development.

-- Comments from the delegates Participants commended UNDP interventions, which have visibly improved the living conditions and well being of its people. They hoped that donors use UNDP expertise in community development. They also recognized the importance of reconciliation for integration and sustainable development. They expressed their concerns in relation to sustainability after the project. It appeared that sustainability depends on the ability of the community to be self-financing. The question that remains is that of the boundary between the transition phase and the development phase at a time when the economy is weak and is not protected from various risks.

Presentation of the experience of two beneficiaries and two partners of UNDP Burundi An opportunity was given to two recipients of UNDP, namely Madame Bayavuge Jovith representing the beneficiaries of a local NGO in the reintegration program in Cibitoke and M. Gaston Singora, beneficiary of the program of temporary job creation in Bujumbura Rural who is a former combatant, as well as to two UNDP partners: The Confederation of Associations of Agricultural Producers for Development, (CAPAD) and the Association "Humanitarian Action against Delinquency" (AHD). Both beneficiaries discussed how community recovery can lead to sustainable local development. Their testimony also pointed out the constraints but mostly positive impacts on social cohesion and the capitalization of the potential found at the local level.

-- Comments from the delegates The participants appreciated the approach shown moving from recovery towards sustainable development, here moving from association to micro business selling products or services. For Burundi, the approach is consistent with the planning tools and national programmes, including the decentralization policy, the Vision 2025 vision and the Poverty Reduction Strategy, which will be complemented by a local development plan.

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A nnex 2 : S ummary o f presentations

1. The Association for the Integral Development of Burundi (ADIB), a partner of UNDP Mrs. Jovith is legal representative of ADIB. She gave the experience of her association that is involved in the organization of Cibitoke women around a waste management activity. The association is responsible for the collection, sorting and disposal of garbage and transforming it into organic fertilizer. Its overall objective is to promote the economic independence of women. This association has received support from UNDP through a 3X6 approach. The association has evolved and turned into a small business with a Tax Identification Number (TIN) and a registry of companies and commerce. She also forged valuable relationships with local government and household’s center of Citiboke.

2. Gaston Singora’s testimony Gaston Singora is a former combatant. He described the difficulties soon after his discharge in 2009. At first, he was poorly received, hated and rejected by the community. He did not have the opportunity to share with others. But through a program funded by UNDP on behalf of returnees, demobilized combatants and vulnerable living in his area, he gained a place in society. Through seminars on citizenship, on peaceful coexistence, he capitalized on the values of peace and peaceful coexistence. He works in the construction industry. He participates in community life and helps in building initiatives and consolidation of peace and social cohesion. He is involved in helping others form associations. With his savings, he helps his family. He feels perfectly integrated and useful in society, thanks to the UNDP program. This project has had a tremendous impact on him.

-- Comments from the delegates Delegates were moved by this testimony. They appreciated the role played by the project to strengthen the effective reconciliation and sociable cohesion at the community and ownership of programs by the beneficiaries and the community. Delegates noted that this former fighter was able to identify the constraints, but also the positive impacts of the project on him, but also on social cohesion and the capitalization of the potential at higher and wider level.

3. Case of the Confederation of Associations of Agricultural Producers for Development (CAPAD) The CAPAD is a producer’s organisation grouping 26,000 farming families, 2,600 groups and 76 agricultural cooperatives (rice, potato, cassava, corn, vegetables, peanuts, bananas, beans, sorghum, wheat, etc. . .). Its mandate is to mobilize communities around common interests and strengthen their capacities. CAPAD is also involved in the protection of economic, social and cultural rights of members.

Activities: •

Community mobilization around common interests: accompagnement, encadrement et renforcement des capacités techniques et organisationnelles (26 000 ménages regroupés dans 76 GPC) ;

•

Adoption of new farming techniques : Sow in rows , rational use of agricultural inputs ;

•

Storage and marketing of agricultural products;

•

Active Community Finance: 198 musos ( 70 % women);

•

Promotion of female leadership;

•

Installation of agricultural processing units ( tomato, pepper , rice, cassava );

•

Introduction of livestock manure to increase revenues; 27

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•

Organization of a national agricultural fair every year : Exhibition sale of agricultural products;

•

Farmers Forum to advocate for the priorities of farmers;

•

Access to information : functional Website, radio broadcasts , leaflets and newsletters.

Activities with UNDP The CAPAD partnering with the UNDP 3x6 Approach has put a great deal of effort into: Socioeconomic reintegration of conflict-affected people; Coaching, mentoring and strengthening the technical and organizational capacity of 242 provincial associations Cibitoke, Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie and Bujumbura to ensure the economic viability; Structuring GPC: GPC constituted 23; Training: leadership, governance, conflict management, business plans, education savings and credit, etc. Exchange of experiences; Support in the preparation of project proposals; Installation of three processing units: Tomato, rice and cassava.

Nevertheless, the CAPAD is confronted with constraints bound to the High population density: Reduction of arable land; Illiteracy (% higher in women): Limitation in monitoring all programs; Climate change: Disturbances growing seasons (Not mastered deadlines for the early sowing); Weakness in agricultural investments.

-- Comments from the delegates Delegates were interested to know about product quality and whether investigations are carried out in this direction. They are also interested in the impact on the lives of members of the confederation and if there is not a market access problem. They were reassured that CAPAD is related to a research institution to ensure good quality production. In addition, the confederation has established links with microfinance institutions to facilitate easy access to financial resources for their members. Finally, members of the CAPAD acquired management skills and incomes have increased.

4. Case of the Association "Humanitarian Action against Delinquency" (AHD) The crisis that Burundi has experienced from 1993 to 2003 caused a presence of many young people without family support, having a profile of potential offenders. In 2003, the AHD was created with a mission to retrieve the youth from the streets. AHD uses a «Workshop school” (Train the Trainers TOT, innovative and original approach) for the training and social and economic reintegration of street youth and other young people left to themselves. Some are placed in existing businesses as employees; others are put into production groups.

Stages of training are the socialization phase (3 months ), the professional training phase (3 months) , the phase of professional training (6 months) and the phase of training in entrepreneurship and management of a group ( 3 months ) .

Trades taught are automotive mechanics (1026) Driving (512) Welding and wrought iron (71), Electricity and Plumbing (21) Sewing (15) Woodwork (13). The approach workshops school was extended to other needy youth.

In the future, AHD intends to provide support to artisans through training of trainers from the most efficient craftsmen, creating workshops in schools, craftsmen trained to extend the training. It has a partnership with the Government for the certification of training levels. It plans to move from the certified informal sector into the formal sector and pursue entrepreneurship training artisans.

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A nnex 2 : S ummary o f presentations

Later, AHD plans to establish regional centers for the training of artisans and a point of collection of handcrafted products. Finally, it aims to create a craft village for the sale of products (with the CHASAA) and extend the concept of the workshop school in other EAC countries and elsewhere.

Constraints- Demand exceeds supply and there are few resources to increase the supply; and low participation of administrative authorities.

-- Comments from the delegates Delegates welcomed the action. They appreciated that the training begins with training for the benefit of the individual. The latter allows the person to become aware of his/her role in community development. They wanted to know if there are examples of cases of youth that have gone home and resettled in their areas of origin. The response was positive but some also failed and were welcomed back to try again to prepare for reinsertion.

Presenting other countries experiences The Delegates at the workshop had the opportunity to receive a briefing on experiences, successively in Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania, as well as in two countries outside the Great Lakes region: Afghanistan and Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Each country exposed its specific context, sometimes complex, and how it implemented local initiatives. Participants had the opportunity to exchange their learning on these program implementations, as well as the challenges identified. The Delegates discussed on crucial issues met during the implementation of community recovery and local development initiatives.

1. UGANDA The workshop delegate described the different stages of support to Northern Uganda: Support to Communities in an emergency phase, period following cessation of hostilities (2006); the transition to recovery phase “quick impact projects” (2007-2009). During this phase, support was uncoordinated and the government developed the Peace, Recovery and Development Plan (PDRP) (2009-2013); with a transition to development (UNDP).

Relative success has been achieved, however there are still enormous needs in Northern Uganda. Communities and emerging issues need to be addressed affecting local development such as land conflicts, youth unemployment, and sex/gender based violence •

Their way forward

Government will develop a third phase of PRDP for Northern Uganda, which will primarily focus on economic development; The development of the Second Phase of the National Development Plan (NDP) is in advanced stages, this stage of NDP will focus on Northern Uganda for it to “catch up” with the rest of the country; Development partners continue their support in line with Government frameworks focused on economic development to further transform the communities in Northern Uganda.

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•

Lessons learned

When implementing projects it is important to bear in mind the continuous changing needs of the community; support to community recovery needs to be approached holistically to ensure greater impact; regular monitoring and tracking progress for community recovery needs to be done to curb early warning signs of emerging issues that need to be addressed.

2. KENYA A delegate from Kenya described their implementation of integrated peace-building (PB) and community recovery (CR) programs to rebuild lives and enhance national capacities for conflict prevention, peace-building and cohesion. Peace - Uwiano (Swahili term for ‘ Cohesion’) – is seen as central to recovery and lasting peace.

•

Their innovations

integrated interventions (peace-building, recovery and livelihoods and political transition ;) Development of a robust national peace architecture; psycho- social support and counseling to address the needs of traumatized persons, especially the youth; activities intentionally designed to bring the two groups ( Displaced and host) together in order to promote cohesion.

National / community ownership and political will key to peace , cohesion and resilience building; Peace-building (PB) and Community Recovery (CR) are costly goals you cannot put a dollar value on; peace building, community recovery and political transitions are mutually reinforcing; PB and CR must be human rights based and conflict sensitive; Election related early warning should not begin and end with the electioneering process; Inclusivity / Community participation in PB & CR - essential building blocks - role of women and youth very significant; timely and effective response - key funding and political will; Inter -agency coordination and cooperation & strong partnership; start small and scale-up gradually building on existing structures, e.g., District Peace Committees; cross -border commitments are critical…

SPECIFICALLY related to community recovery, there is a need for clear policies on resettlement and re –integration; immediate registration of those affected is necessary for subsequent interventions; integration of psycho-social support to livelihoods was useful as it promoted healing of those most affected; interventions should promote activities that benefit the host displaced communities.

3. RWANDA Rwanda experienced the Tutsi genocide, resulting in a million deaths in 1994 and the destruction of infrastructure. This has created orphans, widows, refugee flows to neighboring countries and the destruction of social cohesion. The country has lost its human resources and was plunged into extreme poverty. To rebuild the country, Rwanda resorted to solutions based on culture and traditions, including the courts Agacaca, the practices UBUDEHE , the UMUGANDA ( community development work ), the UMURENGE and GIRINKA (one cow per poor household).

Gacaca has helped accelerate genocide-related trials, to eradicate the culture of impunity, strengthen unity and reconciliation among Rwandans and prove the capacity of Rwanda to solve its own problems.

The Rwandan delegation explained to the participants his experience called UBUDEHE . It is a traditional system of cooperation based on intra- individual or collective action on development activity. This approach helps people to identify their own problems, to have a common understanding of the factors of poverty, and to define strategies and to find solutions at the community level.

In Rwanda, UBUDEHE helped reduce poverty and provide services to meet the needs of citizens to develop the formal economy and build community spirit, trust and tolerance. Over 1.4 million people (of about ten million) have benefited from this approach.

However, Rwanda still faces some challenges, such as lack of modern management tools for monitoring and evaluation.

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A nnex 2 : S ummary o f presentations

4. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (EAST) Eastern Democratic Republic of Condo is experiencing a complex crisis situation characterized by persistent and recurrent conflicts characterized by armed Groups, control of political power, control of natural resources (land, minerals), and regional disparities. Its economy is one of predation and subsistence, with reduced state to fulfill its mission of building safety and provide public services. The persistent insecurity is a source of displacement and human rights violations. The country is coming up on 20 years of humanitarian interventions when the population lives in extreme poverty, while the country abounds in minerals.

During a phase of community recovery from 2009, an interagency programme was undertaken by UNDP , UNICEF, FAO funded UNTFHS , Japan, MDG- Fund ( Spain , Korea) , Netherlands, BCPR with the objective to contribute to the stabilization peacebuilding , community resilience . The beneficiaries were at-risk youth, survivors of sexual violence, returned ex -combatants and conflict-affected communities.

These projects have established Community Centres versatile oriented self-help and community reintegration inclusively targeting beneficiaries so victim beneficiaries are not stigmatized. They also fostered mutual solidarity, local self-managed funds, based on the savings and loan groups, for social cohesion and economic development The joint approach has proved interesting if we ensure the geographical concentration and integration strategies. It was also found that an initial participatory diagnosis is essential to take into account the conflict, targeting the causes and formulate appropriate strategies. Constraints- Access to finance for the start of the economic activity is problematic, firstly, and secondly, the concrete results for communities take too long In terms of local development, interventions focused on decentralization and local planning and the reform of public finances, the aim being to make effective decentralization and improving local governance and access to services.

Interventions in eastern DRC have learned the following lessons: (i ) planning and local participation guarantee ownership; (ii ) decentralization involves the transfer of skills and requires a transfer of resources; (iii) there is a need for a stable environment (time, conflicts, donors); (iv) the funding and support entrepreneurship; (v) the need to maintain an approach to community / increase resilience in eastern DRC (vi) the systematic adoption of the strengths of the local development approach, ( vii) further at the structure of the UNDP program integration.

5. TANZANIA A delegate from Tanzania presented their experience with a deforestation program, which consists of the development of a holistic Eastern Arc Conservation strategy that addressed the overall management of the Eastern Arc Mountain forests through participatory planning and consultations. •

The main lessons learned

Wider consultations with the view to consensus building is key for resolving challenges and promoting local development on a sustainable basis; close collaboration between key partners is important in implementing project that address common challenges, and local and national development starts with interventions at the community level (bottom up approach).

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6. AFGHANISTAN This is the largest program in the world and three main components were presented.

•

Subnational Governance And Development Unit Objective: To Strengthen the democratic state and government institutions to govern and ensure quality public service delivery at sub -national level through advocacy, policy advice and capacity development.

•

Peace And Development, Peace And Reintegration Program Objective: To strengthen ‘stabilization’ through effective integrated UN support to the Government and communities.

•

The Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development and UNDP’s National Areabased Development Program (PNDAR) Objective: Contributes to the sustainable reduction of poverty and improvement of rural livelihoods through empowering communities to articulate and prioritize their development needs.

Lessons learned : In addition to accompanying many realizations, the delegates shared these lessons learned: There is a need to clearly define scope of development interventions; to coordinate project design among different stakeholders to prevent issues such as duplication and unnecessary overlapping; to take global experiences into account; to aim for realistic and measurable results with realistic resources; to work outside silos- aiming at continuous integration and coordination during implementation.

The way forward includes District Development Assemblies becoming legitimate interim District Councils in the form of District Coordination Councils (DCC); UNDP’s Sub-national Governance and Development Strategy (SNGDS) to inform next programs; livelihoods helped by integrated development as part of the next program – moving from provision of basic infrastructure services to more enduring development.

7. BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA A delegate from Bosnia and Herzegovina described the Srebrenica Regional Recovery Program, whose overall goal is to promote the socio-economic recovery of multi-ethnic communities with strengthened local government structures. He presented a good deal of data about the achievements of a vast program and, interestingly, a set of considerations for assuring sustainability, lessons learned and ways forward.

As for sustainability : program activities reflect the local community needs and are designed in line with the entity’s strategic priorities; provision of high quality and needs based training to local partners (on the job training, learning by doing); planning of economic development activities based on surveys and in-depth analysis with clear definition of political, social, environmental, financial and economic objectives; sound technical solutions for capital investments with strict supervision of works; strong involvement of local partners in the planning, implementation and monitoring of the project to build ownership over the program activities..

In addition, with support of the program, local partners are conveying policy feed back to higher government level influencing the design of support measures farmers by the RS Ministry of Agriculture.(ownership at government higher level); sustainable provision of extension services to farmers; sustainable access of BDS and Business Administration procedure by MSMEs; enabled access of municipalities to training programs through a national municipal training system; design and budgeting of municipal maintenance plans for public infrastructure.

A wealth of lessons learned : Strategic planning should be evidence based and realistic with clearly defined sources of funding. Otherwise strategic planning will turn into a list of non-achievable wishes and will decrease the willingness of the population to actively participate in any future planning processes. Grants should be an incentive for knowledge acquisition and not an end by itself. In agriculture value chains development, tailored efforts should be put on those lead farmers with entrepreneurial traits, as they are the drivers of agriculture development. Organization of framers in formal and informal clusters around collection centers for products, led 32 Au service des peuples et des nations

A nnex 2 : S ummary o f presentations

by the most entrepreneurial farmers (horizontal integration) is key to ensure economy of scale and a critical mass attractive to processors/buyers.

Furthermore, for lessons learned, engaging the local community in successful selection of leader farmers through public applications, is essential to avoid dissatisfaction among associated farmers; though simple in its concept, the Collection Centers are an effective approach to organize the farmers and to create economies of scale in which transparency is key to cooperation and organization building. The connection between the farmers and the processors is the main asset for future growth. Through incentives of the processor, farmers are motivated to deliver high quality products; in a MSMEs underdeveloped market (regions dominated by rural areas), the approach to MSMEs development should be generic and opportunistic in order to increase the likelihood to capture innovation.

-- Comments from the delegates In a post-conflict context in underdeveloped areas, entrepreneurial behavior should be identified and supported in order to enhance peace-building and economic development.

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The road from community recovery to local development

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Annex 3 : Outcome of the work of the thematic group sessions

Working groups were formed around three themes: (i) post-crisis community recovery and development; (ii) ) economic development at the local level ; (iii) local governance and decentralization.

Thematic Group on Post-crisis community recovery and development The group leader, Ms. Manome, Bureau for Conflict Prevention and Recovery (BCPR), presented three tracks in one program of recovery, peace-building and development, which are sequenced as follows: Track A: (Short Term): Livelihoods stabilization Track B: (Medium Term): Local Economic Recovery and reintegration for employment Track C: (LT): Long term employment and inclusive economic growthChallenges to community recovery begin with its sustainability and scaling up, especially ifor youth employment.. Even when Risk aversive entrepreneurs are identified, they should be encouraged to try to balance their methods with traditional wisdom and creating a niche.

Good practices and innovative Approaches: 1. Macro -micro link: the Socio Economic Recovery Program developed to implement the national (regional) strategy- e.g. Burundi, Afghanistan, and Northern Uganda. In the latter case, he projects are directly operated by the government, With two advantages: The skills of the State civil servants are strengthened by the training, as well as they are a stabilizing factor in community-driven development project, as the government can easily resume its activities without any trouble 2. Multi-dimensional area-based interventions, including inter-agency programming attached to Enhance community resilience: supporting livelihoods, local governance / municipal services, social cohesion, peace-building, disaster risk reduction, e.g. Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi.

3. Value chain development through private sector involvement (national and international market (fair trade), for example for sesame and, cotton in Uganda.

4. IT and private sector engagement, e.g. mobile cash transfer for emergency employment: Kenya, Afghanistan. This is especially important for women to access their funds, without passing through the husband’s bank account‌5. the participation of women and young people is essential to ensure the commitment of the vulnerable people and sustainability, including savings and village loans (e.g. Burundi, Uganda, Kenya and Afghanistan).

5. Developing the capacities of the key actors to ensure the sustainability - e.g. Uganda and Kenya: SACCO, Burundi : leadership and women NGOs.

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The road from community recovery to local development

Legal measures are essential to ensure women participation but are not enough by themselves, and, as underlined by the delegate of Rwanda, the goal of gender parity remains.

Lessons learned: In Burundi the key lessons learned were about the importance of making solid periodical assessments and analysis, planning them at all stages and this from the beginning of the 3x6 project, and on-line with a national plan. Nevertheless, as needs and contexts are changing, the monitoring and evaluation must be continuous.

In addition, the concrete accomplishments of the actors in various sectors, even if this is on a pilot basis, pave the way for a new relationship between the Government officials and their voters, and contribute to the effort with the objective of influencing the process of policy formulation.

The capacity building with community resilience as an objective, is part of this sector and good practices include the local training (risk management and prevention) and implementation activities to strengthen the social cohesion in the development process; the creation of a poverty and vulnerability mapping, in order to promote a deeper understanding of the local context and of the dynamics of conflict.

Thematic Group on Economic Development at local level The session was facilitated by Mssrs. Ferran and Daccri. Several issues for the way forward, a good deal of this was provided by Tanzania, which has not experienced armed conflict and Bosnia both of which are at a different stage in their evolution away from conflict.

The group collected the following challenges in local economic development (LED): •

A Lack of effective policy to institutionalize the LED;

•

Various line ministries with responsibilities related to LED –fragmented strategies and actions at local level;

•

A limited capacity at national and local level on LED-related issues;

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A limited access to financing at local level;

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Inefficient exploitation of territorial resources – not reverting back to the community,

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The lack of skills in the community;

The same group suggested the following ways forward : •

The development and implementation of a National Strategy for Local Economic Development (LED), which has adequate public financing for its implementation and is adaptable to territorial realities ;

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Institutionalize LED at national, intermediate and local levels;

•

Build the capacity of local authorities to become catalysts of LED and create a LED unit within the local government which can provide information, orientation, support for the SMEs, cooperatives start-up, kits, support to value chains, market assessment, marketing;

•

Create Innovative tools to finance LED – community banks, small finance schemes for start-ups;

•

Public investment on vocational training with private commitment (internships, scholarships)-to build appropriate skills for employability;

•

Awareness raising on the long term benefits of LED – to create an entrepreneurial mentality;

•

Specific focus on women, youth and marginalized groups – incentives.

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A nnex 3 : O utcome o f the w ork o f the thematic group sessions

Thematic Group on Local Governance and Decentralization Facilitated by Mylène Lavoie, Senior Policy Governance and Local Development UNDP The group made a situation analysis identifying opportunities, best practices, bottlenecks and risks and threats. The group noted that the Great Lakes countries are engaged in the implementation of the decentralization process and have even developed laws governing framework. This is an opportunity for local development. However, bottlenecks exist for its implementation. These include the lack of financial, human and technical resources, lack of coordination / consultation among stakeholders, as well as the disconnect between national policies, sectoral and community development plans. In fact, decentralization remains more theoretical than practical and is also faced with the fragility of the political stability and social cohesion.

The discussion group issued proposals, tools and innovative approaches. The group suggested developing and implementing fiscal decentralization and facilitating the mobilization of additional resources for the implementation of local development: this would involve a transfer of part of the state budget and sectoral budgets to municipalities to exercise the transferred powers (with concurrent evaluation resources) and implementation of communal development plans.

To promote mobilization of other resources, the group suggested the development of a local tax base, implementation of local economic development strategies that will support job creation in the private sector and therefore broaden the tax based at the local level. It will also issue to mobilize other resources from bilateral cooperation, development partners, the diaspora, etc.).

Anther track noted is the implementation of round tables, which include development actors of all sectors and at all levels (local, regional, national, central government and regional and local authorities, de-concentrated technical services, private sector, civil society organisations, group of professionals, NGO and associations, development partners, etc.). It will be important to clarify the roles between the different actors, to support a participatory planning approach and to strengthen a «bottom-up» dynamics (integration of local priorities into policies and national and sectorial programs). This dynamic will be accompanied by the coordination of development actions between actors in different sectors of activity and the strengthening of advocacy for public policy development participating in an enabling environment for investment and to development implementation.

Emphasis was also placed on communities’ capacity and resilience enhancing. The group considers that "the sustainable local development is a continuous process with multi-actors and multidimensional. The design of such an initiative needs an approach that takes into account all aspects of the context (political, social, economic and environmental issues)”.

In this context, participants suggested that local training could be organized (risk management and prevention) and strengthening social cohesion activities implemented in the course of the development process. It is also important to create a poverty and vulnerability mapping in order to promote a deeper understanding of the local context and of the dynamics of conflict.

The group also echoed the importance of the governance role in conflict management. Indeed, it considered that conflict resolution, peace-building and State rebuilding require first and foremost a deeper knowledge of the local context and a good understanding of the dynamics of conflict. We must go beyond "top-down" traditional approaches and develop "bottom-up" approaches taking better account of the local environment and dynamics.

By strengthening the dialogue between the State and citizen, local governance could allow the local governments to play a key-role in the development of conflict resolution strategies addressing the specificities of communities as their: (i) cultural, social and religious diversity; (ii) resources and potentialities; (iii) access to economic opportunities; (iv) access to basic social services.

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The road from community recovery to local development

To achieve tangible results, the members of the working group considered important to involve a variety of partners including in particular: (i) the beneficiary population (identification of leaders); (ii) bilateral and decentralized cooperation; (iii) Government ; (iv) provincial authorities (role of coordination and exploitation of potential and opportunities); (v) private sector (capacity-building, financing, capacity-building of communities); (vi) civil society organizations; (vii) media (role of information, education and communication, dissemination of good practices‌).

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