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Citations (1158)
Structure/Compound Data Chemical Name: 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol Reaxys Registry Number: 2041489
CAS Registry Number: 95-71-6 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C7H8O2
Linear Structure Formula: (CH3)C6H3(OH)2 Molecular Weight: 124.139
InChI Key: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol, Methylhydroquinone, 2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diol Identification Substance Label (49) Label
Reference
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N° of preparations All Preps | All Reactions 110 prep out of 800 reactions.
Available Data
N° of ref.
Identification Physical Data (101) Spectra (33) Bioactivity (44) Other Data (45)
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2d
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III-1
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MHQ
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1a
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mH&2%Q
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6b; 6c
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7
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by-prod12
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MMHQ
Matsuo, Takashi; Tohi, Yuji; Hayashi, Takashi
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15
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2a
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Label
Reference
Educt to 2
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Substrate, Tab.5, run 2
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5d
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17
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8a
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9
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Hisaindee, Soleiman; Clive, Derrick L.J.
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1b
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2, R1=R2=H, R3=Me
Algi, Fatih; Balci, Metin
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8 -> 13, step f
Scheepers, Brent A.; Klein, Rosalyn; Davies-Coleman, Michael T.
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4f
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2MHQ
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1f
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4b
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I
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prod., Tab. 2, entry 10
Mazzini, Francesco; Salvadori, Piero
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2e
Sharghi, Hashem; Beni, Ali Reza Salimi
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Tab. 2, react., entry 2
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product, table/run 1
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38
Pfizer Inc.
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2,5-DHT
Venkata Ramana Rao; Ramana Rao
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5c
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2. monomer to MCLCP-2
Akachi, Yosuke; Koide, Naoyuki
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S11
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12 R=Me
Stanton, James L.; Cahill, Edna; Dotson, Ronald; Tan, Jenny; Tomaselli, Hollis C.; Wasvary, Jong M.; Stephan, Zouhair F.; Steele, Ronald E.
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QH2 2
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16
Fuganti, Claudio; Serra, Stefano
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B
Verevkin, Sergey P.
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21
Ichihashi, Keiko; Teranishi, Kiyoshi; Ichimura, Akio
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Patent-Specific Data (5)
Prophetic Compound
Related Markush Structure (RN)
Location in Patent
Reference
Page/Page column
FUJIFILM Corporation; MIZUMURA Masatoshi; KATOH Shunya; UEMURA Minoru; ISHIWATAYasuhiro; YOSHIKAWA Masaru; MATSUYAMA Hiroshi
Patent: EP2738155 A1, 2014 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
23250300
E I du Pont de Nemours and Company
Patent: US8344175 B2, 2013 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
21278379
LG Chem, Ltd.
Patent: US7910179 B2, 2011 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
19847381
GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
Patent: WO2005/97721 A1, 2005 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
prophetic product
Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited
Patent: EP1248313 A2, 2002 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Derivative (4) Comment (Derivative)
Reference
Bis-(3,4,5-trijod-benzoat): F: 238.2-240grad
O'Donnell et al.
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 1963 , vol. 8, p. 608 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
dibenzoyl derivative (mp: 122 degree )
Hackman; Pryor; Todd
Biochemical Journal, 1948 , vol. 43, p. 474,477 Full Text Show Details
compound with 0.5(?) mol phoenicin (mp: 160 degree ) Further Data see Handbook
Posternak
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1938 , vol. 21, p. 1326,1335 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
p-toluidine salt (mp: 90 degree , leaflets) Further Data see Handbook
Hebebrand
Chemische Berichte, 1882 , vol. 15, p. 1974 Full Text Show Details
Purification (1) Reference Hecker,E.; Meyer,E.
Chemische Berichte, 1964 , vol. 97, p. 1926 - 1939 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Barker; Hollingworth
Chemicky Prumysl, 1960 , vol. 10, p. 525 Full Text Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (25) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
125 - 126 °C
benzene hexane
Pande, Poorn Prakash
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 22, # 4 p. 2549 - 2553 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
132 - 133 °C
Villemin, Didier; Hammadi, Mohamed; Hachemi, Messaoud
Synthetic Communications, 2002 , vol. 32, # 10 p. 1501 - 1515 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
126 °C
benzene
Nadkarni, K. K; Kamat, S. P.; Paknikar, S. K.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1994 , vol. 33, # 5 p. 432 - 435 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
125 - 128 °C
Kagawa; Tokura; Uchida; Kakushi; Shike; Nakai
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126 °C
Malesani, Giorgio; Galiano, Fabio; Ferlin, Maria Grazia; Masiero, Sergio
Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1980 , vol. 17, p. 563 - 569 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
124 - 125 °C
Stern et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1947 , vol. 69, p. 869,874 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Cohen
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1947 , vol. 69, p. 1057,1063 Full Text Show Details
Fujita; Sano
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129 - 130 °C
Kikkawa et al.
Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1977 , p. 695,696 Full Text Show Details
125 - 126 °C
Forsskahl et al.
Carbohydrate Research, 1976 , vol. 48, p. 13,14-21 Full Text Show Details
131.5 - 132 °C
Fujio,M. et al.
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1975 , vol. 48, p. 2127 - 2133 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
126 - 127 °C
Maruyama et al.
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1973 , vol. 46, p. 2470,2474 Full Text Show Details
127 - 127.5 °C
Nilsson et al.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1973 , p. 2337,2338 Full Text Show Details
123.5 - 124 °C
Pospisil,J. et al.
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Pilar,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3599 - 3606 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
119 - 121 °C
Sequin-Frey,M.; Tamm,C.
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1971 , vol. 54, # 3 p. 851 - 861 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
124 °C
Nietzki
Chemische Berichte, 1877 , vol. 10, p. 1934,2005 Chemische Berichte, 1878 , vol. 11, p. 1103 Full Text Show Details
Fichter; Ris
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1924 , vol. 7, p. 810 Full Text Show Details
Kamal et al.
Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1970 , vol. 13, p. 236,237-239 Chem.Abstr., 1971 , vol. 74, # 75167w Full Text Show Details
Hanson; Mehta
Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] C: Organic, 1969 , p. 2349 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
125 °C
le Guyader,M.
Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1966 , p. 1848 - 1858 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Fichter; Simon
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1934 , vol. 17, p. 717,719 Full Text Show Details
120 - 122 °C
Schulte; Ruecker
Archiv der Pharmazie und Berichte der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft, 1964 , vol. 297, p. 182,184 Full Text Show Details
128 - 130 °C
benzene
Muehlstaedt; Scholz
Chemische Berichte, 1964 , vol. 97, p. 1 Full Text Show Details
122 - 125 °C
benzene
Hecker,E.; Meyer,E.
Chemische Berichte, 1964 , vol. 97, p. 1926 - 1939 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
124 - 126 °C
petroleum ether
Zbiral,E. et al.
Monatshefte fuer Chemie, 1960 , vol. 91, p. 331 - 347 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
125 - 127 °C
benzene
Goodwin; Witkop
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1957 , vol. 79, p. 179,184 Full Text Show Details
Hide facts Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Comment (Melting Point)
Reference
126 - 127 °C
nach Sublimation.
Cardani et al.
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1955 , vol. 85, p. 1599,1610 Anm. 17 Full Text Show Details
128 °C
Sublimation.
Birkinshaw; Bracken; Raistrick
Biochemical Journal, 1943 , vol. 37, p. 726 Full Text Show Details
benzene petroleum ether
Fieser; Oxford
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1942 , vol. 64, p. 2063 Full Text Show Details
127 - 128 °C
James; Snell; Weissberger
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1938 , vol. 60, p. 2084,2085 Full Text Show Details
124 - 125 °C
benzene
Sublimation.
Nevile; Winther
Chemische Berichte, 1882 , vol. 15, p. 2992 Full Text Show Details
Boiling Point (1) Boiling Point
Pressure (Boiling Point)
Reference
163 °C
11 Torr
Bayer and Co.
Patent: DE249939 ; Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 10, p. 1330 Full Text Show Details
Adsorption (MCS) (2) Description (Adsorption (MCS))
Partner (Adsorption (MCS))
Solvent (Adsorption (MCS))
Temperature (Adsorption (MCS))
Reference
Further physical properties of the
smooth platinum electrode
aq. HClO4
22.9 °C
Soriaga, Manuel P.; Hubbard, Arthur T.
adsorbed molecule
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1982 , vol. 104, # 10 p. 2735 - 2742 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details Soriaga, Manuel P.; Hubbard, Arthur T.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1982 , vol. 104, # 14 p. 3937 - 3945 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Further physical properties of the adsorbed molecule
smooth platinum electrode, iodide ion
aq. HClO4
22.9 °C
Soriaga, Manuel P.; Hubbard, Arthur T.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1982 , vol. 104, # 10 p. 2742 - 2747 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Association (MCS) (3) Solvent (Association (MCS))
Description (Association (MCS))
Partner (Association (MCS))
Further physical properties of the complex
5,10,15-triphenyl-20-(3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4dienyl)porphyrinatozinc(II)
benzonitrile
D'Souza; Deviprasad
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2001 , vol. 66, # 13 p. 4601 - 4609 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
NMR spectrum of the complex
C144H136O24
CDCl3
25 °C
Robbins, Timothy A.; Knobler, Carolyn B.; Bellew, Donald R.; Cram, Donald J.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1994 , vol. 116, # 1 p. 111 - 122 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Stability constant of the complex with ...
Bishop; Tong
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1965 , vol. 87, p. 501,504 Full Text Show Details
Temperature (Association (MCS))
Chromatographic Data (1) Chromatographic data
Reference
GC (Gas chromatography)
Liu, Shaohua; He, Peixin; Tian, Zhaofu; Li, Xiaolan; Xu, Chunping
Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 2015 , vol. 60, # 1 p. 2761 - 2768 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Crystal Property Description (4) Colour & Other Properties
Reference
brown
Villemin, Didier; Hammadi, Mohamed; Hachemi, Messaoud
Synthetic Communications, 2002 , vol. 32, # 10 p. 1501 - 1515 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Blaettchen
Birkinshaw; Bracken; Raistrick
Biochemical Journal, 1943 , vol. 37, p. 726 Full Text Show Details
Tafeln
Fieser; Oxford
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1942 , vol. 64, p. 2063 Full Text Show Details
Blaetter
Nevile; Winther
Chemische Berichte, 1882 , vol. 15, p. 2992 Full Text Show Details
Dielectric Constant (1) Reference Rajyam et al.
Current Science, 1971 , vol. 40, p. 62 Full Text Show Details
Reference
Dissociation Exponent (16) Dissociation Exponent (pK)
Dissociation Group
Temperature (Dissociation Exponent)
Solvent (Dissociation Exponent)
Method (Dissociation Exponent)
Type (Dissociation Exponent)
11.96
a1/apparent
Jacobson, Alan R.; Moe, Scott T.; Allen; Fessenden, James D.
Molecular Pharmacology, 2006 , vol. 70, # 1 p. 259 - 266 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
10.05
H(1+)
a1/apparent
Kalnin'sh
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2005 , vol. 78, # 11 p. 1727 - 1744 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
10.14
O-H
25 °C
H2O
spectrophotometric
a1/apparent
Youngblood, Michael P.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1989 , vol. 111, # 5 p. 1843 - 1849 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
12.11
O-H
25 °C
H2O
spectrophotometric
a2/apparent
Youngblood, Michael P.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1989 , vol. 111, # 5 p. 1843 - 1849 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
(pk')pK
Pearce,P.J.; Simkins,R.J.J.
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1968 , vol. 46, p. 241 - 248 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Sunkel; Staude
Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft, 1968 , vol. 72, p. 567,569, 572 Full Text Show Details
(pk')Ionisier.-Konst. (berechnet aus dem UV-Sp. <220-400 μ> bei versch. pH-Werten): pK(1)= 10.05, pK(2)= 11.5
Bishop; Tong
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1965 , vol. 87, p. 501,504 Full Text Show Details
10.15
21 °C
H2O
spectrophotometric
a1/apparent
Staude; Teupel
Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie und Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, 1957 , vol. 61, p. 181,186 Full Text Show Details
10.25
14 °C
H2O
spectrophotometric
a1/apparent
Staude; Teupel
Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie und Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, 1957 , vol. 61, p. 181,186 Full Text Show Details
11.74
21 °C
H2O
spectrophotometric
a2/apparent
Staude; Teupel
Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie und Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, 1957 , vol. 61, p. 181,186 Full Text Show Details
11.85
14 °C
H2O
spectrophotometric
a2/apparent
Staude; Teupel
Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie und Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, 1957 , vol. 61, p. 181,186 Full Text Show Details
10.05
25.5 °C
H2O
spectrophotometric
a1/apparent
Baxendale; Hardy
Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1953 , vol. 49, p. 1140,1143 Full Text Show Details
10.1
19.8 °C
H2O
spectrophotometric
a1/apparent
Baxendale; Hardy
Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1953 , vol. 49, p. 1140,1143 Full Text Show Details
10.2
13.1 °C
H2O
spectrophotometric
a1/apparent
Baxendale; Hardy
Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1953 , vol. 49, p. 1140,1143
Comment (Dissociation Exponent)
Reference
Full Text Show Details
11.62
25.5 °C
H2O
spectrophotometric
a2/apparent
Baxendale; Hardy
Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1953 , vol. 49, p. 1140,1143 Full Text Show Details
11.67
19.8 °C
H2O
spectrophotometric
a2/apparent
Baxendale; Hardy
Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1953 , vol. 49, p. 1140,1143 Full Text Show Details
11.72
13.1 °C
H2O
spectrophotometric
a2/apparent
Baxendale; Hardy
Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1953 , vol. 49, p. 1140,1143 Full Text Show Details
Electrical Moment (1) Description (Electrical Moment)
Comment (Electrical Moment)
Reference
Dipole moment
μ
Sunkel; Staude
Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft, 1968 , vol. 72, p. 567,569, 572 Full Text Show Details
Electrochemical Behaviour (1) Description (Electrochemical Behaviour)
Reference
Polarography
Arai; Onozuka
Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1978 , p. 997,998 Full Text Show Details
Electrochemical Characteristics (9) Description (Electrochemical Characteristics)
Solvent (Electrochemical Characteristics)
Temperature (Electrochemical Characteristics)
cyclovoltammetry
tetrahydrofuran
oxidation potential
oxidation potential
Location
Comment (Electrochemical Characteristics)
Reference
25 °C
supporting information
transmitted electrons 1; Anodic peak potential; 1.42 V; Other electrode; potential diagram; Bu4NPF6
Matsuo, Takashi; Tohi, Yuji; Hayashi, Takashi
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2012 , vol. 77, # 20 p. 8946 - 8955 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
benzonitrile
Biczok, Laszlo; Gupta, Neeraj; Linschitz, Henry
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1997 , vol. 119, # 51 p. 12601 - 12609 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
D'Souza; Deviprasad
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2001 , vol. 66, # 13 p. 4601 - 4609 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spinner,I.H. et al.
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1964 , vol. 42, p. 554 - 559 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Manecke et al.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1970 , vol. 28, p. 139,142 Full Text Show Details
Giza et al.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1962 , vol. 27, p. 679,681 Full Text Show Details
Yamamura; Nishiwaki; Tanigaki; Terauchi; Tomiyama; Nishiyama
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1995 , vol. 68, # 10 p. 2955 - 2960 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
polarographic halfwave potential
Ryba,O. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1965 , vol. 30, p. 843 - 852 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Masson et al.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1975 , vol. 64, p. 175,181 Full Text Show Details
Arai; Onozuka
Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1977 , p. 1665,1666 Chem.Abstr., 1978 , # 36877 Full Text Show Details
redox potential
Sunkel; Staude
Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft, 1968 , vol. 72, p. 567,569, 572 Full Text Show Details
polarographic current/voltage curve
Smith et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1941 , vol. 63, p. 1018,1019 Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1942 , vol. 64, p. 447,448 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Wiesner
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1947 , vol. 12, p. 594,598, 602, 604 Full Text Show Details
redox potential
des Systems Toluchinon/Toluhydrochinon.
Hunter; Kvalnes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1932 , vol. 54, p. 2869,2874 Full Text Show Details
redox potential
Oxydations-Reduktionspotential des Systems Toluhydrochinon/Benzochinon in 0,1n-Salzsaeure bei 18grad und 25,4grad.
Biilmann; Jensen; Pedersen
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1925 , vol. 127, p. 207 Full Text Show Details
redox potential
Oxydations-Reduktionspotential des Systems Toluhydrochinon/Toluchinon in 0,1n-Salzsaeure bei 0grad und 25grad.
Conant; Fieser
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1923 , vol. 45, p. 2205 Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1924 , vol. 46, p. 1877 Anm. 43 Full Text Show Details
Energy Data (MCS) (17) Description (Energy Data (MCS))
Partner (Energy Data (MCS))
Temperature (Energy Data (MCS))
Enthalpy of solution
methanol
25 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Krestov, G. A.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 228 - 231 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 258 - 261 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
ethanol
25 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Krestov, G. A.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 228 - 231 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 258 - 261 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
propan-1-ol
25 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Krestov, G. A.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 228 - 231 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 258 - 261 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
butan-1-ol
25 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Krestov, G. A.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 228 - 231 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 258 - 261 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
pentan-1-ol
25 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Krestov, G. A.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 228 - 231 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 258 - 261 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
hexan-1-ol
25 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Krestov, G. A.
Reference
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 228 - 231 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 258 - 261 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
octanol
25 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Krestov, G. A.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 228 - 231 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 258 - 261 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
benzene
20 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Perlovich, G. L.; Fridman, A. Ya.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 66, # 8 p. 1080 1082 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1992 , vol. 66, p. 2025 - 2030 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
nitrobenzene
20 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Perlovich, G. L.; Fridman, A. Ya.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 66, # 8 p. 1080 1082 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1992 , vol. 66, p. 2025 - 2030 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
acetonitrile
20 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Perlovich, G. L.; Fridman, A. Ya.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 66, # 8 p. 1080 1082 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1992 , vol. 66, p. 2025 - 2030 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
1,4-dioxane
20 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Perlovich, G. L.; Fridman, A. Ya.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 66, # 8 p. 1080 1082 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1992 , vol. 66, p. 2025 - 2030 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
acetone
20 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Perlovich, G. L.; Fridman, A. Ya.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 66, # 8 p. 1080 1082 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1992 , vol. 66, p. 2025 - 2030 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
formamide
20 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Perlovich, G. L.; Fridman, A. Ya.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 66, # 8 p. 1080 1082 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1992 , vol. 66, p. 2025 - 2030 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
20 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Perlovich, G. L.; Fridman, A. Ya.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 66, # 8 p. 1080 1082 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1992 , vol. 66, p. 2025 - 2030 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
dimethyl sulfoxide
20 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Perlovich, G. L.; Fridman, A. Ya.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 66, # 8 p. 1080 1082 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1992 , vol. 66, p. 2025 - 2030 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
pyridine
20 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Perlovich, G. L.; Fridman, A. Ya.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 66, # 8 p. 1080 1082 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1992 , vol. 66, p. 2025 - 2030 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of solution
N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide
20 °C
Smirnov, V. I.; Perlovich, G. L.; Fridman, A. Ya.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 66, # 8 p. 1080 1082 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1992 , vol. 66, p. 2025 - 2030 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Enthalpy of Formation (1) Enthalpy of Formation
Temperature (Enthalpy of Formation)
Pressure (Enthalpy of Formation)
Reference
-404200 Jmol-1
25 °C
750.06 Torr
Verevkin, Sergey P.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 1999 , vol. 1, # 1 p. 127 - 131 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Enthalpy of Fusion (1) Enthalpy of Fusion
Reference
27610 Jmol-1
Verevkin, Sergey P.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 1999 , vol. 1, # 1 p. 127 - 131 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Further Information (6) Description (Further Information)
Reference
Further information
Masson et al.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1975 , vol. 64, p. 175,181 Full Text Show Details
Further information
Rajyam et al.
Current Science, 1971 , vol. 40, p. 62 Full Text Show Details
Further information
Aplin; Pike
Chemistry and Industry (London, United Kingdom), 1966 , p. 2009 Full Text Show Details
Further information
Ryba,O. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1965 , vol. 30, p. 843 - 852 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Further information
Manecke; Foerster
Makromolekulare Chemie, 1962 , vol. 52, p. 147,153,154 Full Text Show Details
Further information
Beckering; Fowkes
Bur. Mines Rep. Invest. Nr. 5505Chem.Abstr., 1959 , p. 3 Bur. Mines Rep. Invest. Nr. 5505Chem.Abstr., 1960 , # 4150 Full Text Show Details
Heat Capacity Cp (1) Heat Capacity Cp
Temperature (Heat Capacity Cp)
Reference
175.16 Jmol-1K-1
0 - 99.6 °C
Satoh; Sogabe
Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan), 1941 , vol. 38, p. 246,248 Chem.Abstr., 1941 , p. 4666 Full Text Show Details
Ionization Potential (4) Ionization Potential
Method (Ionization Potential)
Comment (Ionization Potential)
Reference
7.7 eV
change-transfer equilibrium
Kalnin'sh
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2005 , vol. 78, # 11 p. 1727 - 1744 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
7.87 eV
spectrographical
Spange, Stefan; Maenz, Karsten; Stadermann, Dietmar
Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1992 , # 10 p. 1033 - 1038 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
7.7 eV
spectrographical
Type: not given
Kalnin'sh, K. K.; Safant'evskii, A. A.; Shchukareva, V. V.
Journal of Organic Chemistry USSR (English Translation), 1987 , vol. 23, p. 1942 - 1947 Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 1987 , vol. 23, # 10 p. 2197 - 2202 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Chi-Sing Tse; Kuwana
Analytical Chemistry, 1978 , vol. 50, p. 1315,1316-1317 Full Text Show Details
Liquid/Liquid Systems (MCS) (2) Description (Liquid/Liquid Systems (MCS))
Partner (Liquid/Liquid Systems (MCS))
Solvent (Liquid/Liquid Systems (MCS))
Distribution between solvent 1 + 2
sodium dodecyl sulfate
H2O
Reference Pelizzetti, Ezio; Pramauro, Edmondo
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1984 , vol. 88, # 5 p. 990 996
Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Distribution between solvent 1 + 2
hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide
Pelizzetti, Ezio; Pramauro, Edmondo
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1984 , vol. 88, # 5 p. 990 996 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
H2O
Molecular Deformation (1) Description (Molecular Deformation)
Reference
Force constants
Venkata Ramana Rao; Ramana Rao
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2002 , vol. 58, # 14 p. 3039 - 3065 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Other Thermochemical Data (2) Description (Other Thermochemical Data)
Comment (Other Thermochemical Data)
Reference
Heat of combustion at constant volume
834,6 kcal/Mol.
Swietoslawski; Starczewska
Journal de Chimie Physique et de Physico-Chimie Biologique, 1926 , vol. 23, p. 822 Full Text Show Details
Heat of combustion at constant volume
836.3 cal/Mol.
Valeur
Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 1897 , vol. 125, p. 872 Annales de Chimie (Cachan, France), 1900 , vol. <7> 21, p. 478 Full Text Show Details
Partition octan-1-ol/water (MCS) (1) log POW
Reference
1.1
Jacobson, Alan R.; Moe, Scott T.; Allen; Fessenden, James D.
Molecular Pharmacology, 2006 , vol. 70, # 1 p. 259 - 266 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Transport Phenomena (MCS) (1)
Description (Transport Phenomena (MCS))
Reference
Diffusion
Iwano
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1969 , vol. 42, p. 2677,2679 Full Text Show Details
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (8) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Temperature (NMR Spectroscopy)
Frequency (NMR Spectroscopy)
Chemical shifts
1H
chloroform-d1
Bell, Jeffrey G.; Green, James R.; Wang, Jichang
Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2014 , vol. 118, # 42 p. 9795 - 9800 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
1H
CDCl3
250 MHz
Villemin, Didier; Hammadi, Mohamed; Hachemi, Messaoud
Synthetic Communications, 2002 , vol. 32, # 10 p. 1501 - 1515 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
1H
acetone-d6
Conway, Gregory A.; Loeffler, Larry J.
Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1983 , vol. 20, p. 1315 - 1320 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Puzari; Baruah, Jubaraj B.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2000 , vol. 65, # 8 p. 2344 - 2349 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
13C
acetone-d6
Eloeve, Guelnur A.; Schauble, J. Herman
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 1987 , vol. 25, p. 194 - 200 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Yamamura; Nishiwaki; Tanigaki; Terauchi; Tomiyama; Nishiyama
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1995 , vol. 68, # 10 p. 2955 2960 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Reference
Puzari; Baruah, Jubaraj B.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2000 , vol. 65, # 8 p. 2344 - 2349 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
1H
CDCl3
Chawla, H. Mohindra; Sharma, S. K.; Chakrabarty, K.; Bhanumati, S.
Tetrahedron, 1988 , vol. 44, # 4 p. 1227 - 1234 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Matovic, Radomir; Cekovic, Zivorad
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1997 , vol. 127, # 9 p. 483 - 488 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Chemical shifts
1H
dimethylsulfoxide
40 °C
Karpov, O. N.
Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 1996 , vol. 63, # 3 p. 393 - 397 Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, 1996 , vol. 63, # 3 p. 472 - 476 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Chemical shifts
1H
CDCl3
25 °C
Robbins, Timothy A.; Knobler, Carolyn B.; Bellew, Donald R.; Cram, Donald J.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1994 , vol. 116, # 1 p. 111 - 122 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
NMR
Fujio,M. et al.
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1975 , vol. 48, p. 2127 - 2133 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Sequin-Frey; Tamm
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1971 , vol. 54, p. 851,852-854,859,860 Full Text Show Details
Nilsson et al.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and BioOrganic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1973 , p. 2337,2338 Full Text Show Details
Kamal et al.
Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1970 , vol. 13, p. 236,237-239 Chem.Abstr., 1971 , vol. 74, # 75167w Full Text Show Details
IR Spectroscopy (11) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Solvent (IR Spectroscopy)
Comment (IR Spectroscopy)
Bands
tetrahydrofuran
Kalnin'sh
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2005 , vol. 78, # 11 p. 1727 - 1744 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bands
KBr
Villemin, Didier; Hammadi, Mohamed; Hachemi, Messaoud
Synthetic Communications, 2002 , vol. 32, # 10 p. 1501 - 1515 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Venkata Ramana Rao; Ramana Rao
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2002 , vol. 58, # 14 p. 3039 - 3065 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bands
neat (no solvent)
Puzari; Baruah, Jubaraj B.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2000 , vol. 65, # 8 p. 2344 - 2349 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bands
neat (no solvent)
3322 - 818 cm**(-1)
Matovic, Radomir; Cekovic, Zivorad
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1997 , vol. 127, # 9 p. 483 - 488 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Bands
KBr
3350 cm**(-1)
Chawla, H. Mohindra; Sharma, S. K.; Chakrabarty, K.; Bhanumati, S.
Tetrahedron, 1988 , vol. 44, # 4 p. 1227 - 1234 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bands
3618 cm**(-1)
Kalnin'sh, K. K.; Safant'evskii, A. A.; Shchukareva, V. V.
Journal of Organic Chemistry USSR (English Translation), 1987 , vol. 23, p. 1942 - 1947 Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 1987 , vol. 23, # 10 p. 2197 - 2202 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Bands
KBr
1198 - 3298 cm**(-1)
Malesani, Giorgio; Galiano, Fabio; Ferlin, Maria Grazia; Masiero, Sergio
Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1980 , vol. 17, p. 563 - 569 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
IR
Sequin-Frey,M.; Tamm,C.
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1971 , vol. 54, # 3 p. 851 - 861 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Reference
le Guyader,M.
Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1966 , p. 1848 - 1858 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Beckering et al.
Analytical Chemistry, 1964 , vol. 36, p. 2412 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bands
KBr
3311 cm**(-1) OH-Valenzschwingung.
Musso; v. Grunelius
Chemische Berichte, 1959 , vol. 92, p. 3101,3105 Full Text Show Details
Bands
CCl4
3605 cm**(-1) OH-Valenzschwingung.
Musso; v. Grunelius
Chemische Berichte, 1959 , vol. 92, p. 3101,3105 Full Text Show Details
Spectrum
Beckering; Fowkes
Bur. Mines Rep. Invest. Nr. 5505Chem.Abstr., 1959 , p. 3 Bur. Mines Rep. Invest. Nr. 5505Chem.Abstr., 1960 , # 4150 Full Text Show Details
Mass Spectrometry (4) Description (Mass Spectrometry)
Comment (Mass Spectrometry)
spectrum
Kanaly, Robert A.; In, Seon Kim; Hur, Hor-Gil
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005 , vol. 53, # 16 p. 6426 - 6431 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Hailu, Solomon Legese; Nair, Balachandran Unni; Redi-Abshiro, Mesfin; Diaz, Isabel; Aravindhan, Rathinam; Tessema, Merid
Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2016 , vol. 37, # 1 p. 135 - 145 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
spectrum chemical ionization (CI)
Iida, Yoshio; Daishima, Shigeki; Shibata, Akihiro
Organic Mass Spectrometry, 1993 , vol. 28, # 4 p. 433 - 436 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
spectrum
positive secondary ions
Nourse, B. D.; Brodbelt, J. S.; Cooks, R. G.
Organic Mass Spectrometry, 1991 , vol. 26, # 6 p. 575 - 582 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Aplin; Pike
Chemistry and Industry (London, United Kingdom), 1966 , p. 2009 Full Text Show Details
Reference
UV/VIS Spectroscopy (7) Description (UV/VIS Spectroscopy)
Solvent (UV/VIS Spectroscopy)
Absorption Maxima (UV/VIS)
Comment (UV/VIS Spectroscopy)
Spectrum
290 nm
Bell, Jeffrey G.; Green, James R.; Wang, Jichang
Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2014 , vol. 118, # 42 p. 9795 - 9800 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Absorption maxima
Arai; Onozuka
Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1977 , p. 1665,1666 Chem.Abstr., 1978 , # 36877 Full Text Show Details
Bishop; Tong
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1965 , vol. 87, p. 501,504 Full Text Show Details
UV/VIS
Tyman
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1973 , p. 1639,1645 Full Text Show Details
Sequin-Frey; Tamm
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1971 , vol. 54, p. 851,852-854,859,860 Full Text Show Details
Forrester; Gaucher
Biochemistry, 1972 , vol. 11, p. 1102,1103 Full Text Show Details
Kamal et al.
Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1970 , vol. 13, p. 236,237-239 Chem.Abstr., 1971 , vol. 74, # 75167w Full Text Show Details
Arshad et al.
Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 1970 , vol. 15, p. 1653,1656,1658,1660
Reference
Full Text Show Details
Sunkel; Staude
Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft, 1969 , vol. 73, p. 203 Full Text Show Details
Absorption maxima
butan-1-ol
293.5 nm
Barker; Hollingworth
Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1959 , vol. 9, p. 16,21 Full Text Show Details
Spectrum
H2O
220 - 350 nm
Staude; Teupel
Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie und Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, 1957 , vol. 61, p. 181,186 Full Text Show Details
Baxendale; Hardy
Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1953 , vol. 49, p. 1140,1143 Full Text Show Details
Spectrum
ethanol
Alexander; Barton
Biochemical Journal, 1943 , vol. 37, p. 463 Full Text Show Details
Spectrum
John; Dietzel; Guenther
Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fuer Physiologische Chemie, 1938 , vol. 252, p. 208,220 Full Text Show Details
ESR Spectroscopy (2) Description (ESR Spectroscopy)
Comment (ESR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Spectrum
Pilar,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3599 - 3606 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spectrum
des bei der Autoxidation in alkal. wss.-aethanol. Loesung erhaltenen 2-Methyl<1,4>benzosemichinon-Anions.
Venkataraman et al.
Journal of Chemical Physics, 1959 , vol. 30, p. 1006,1010 Full Text Show Details
Raman Spectroscopy (1) Description (Raman Spectroscopy)
Reference
Bands
Venkata Ramana Rao; Ramana Rao
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2002 , vol. 58, # 14 p. 3039 - 3065 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (42) 1 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Sequin-Frey,M.; Tamm,C.
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1971 , vol. 54, # 3 p. 851 - 861 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Pospisil,J.; Taimr,L.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1964 , Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ryba,O. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1965 , Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Pospisil,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1966 , Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Pilar,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Seiko Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha
Patent: EP812816 A1, 1997 ;
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Zbiral,E. et al.
Monatshefte fuer Chemie, 1960 , vol. 91, p. 331 - 347 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Agency of Industrial Science and Technology; Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated
Patent: US4066707 A1, 1978 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Spinner,I.H. et al.
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1964 , vol. 42, p. 554 - 559 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Pearce,P.J.; Simkins,R.J.J.
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1968 , vol. 46, p. 241 - 248 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Hecker,E.; Meyer,E.
Chemische Berichte, 1964 , vol. 97, p. 1926 - 1939 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Warner-Lambert Company
Patent: US4351950 A1, 1982 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Bohlmann,F. et al.
Chemische Berichte, 1975 , vol. 108, p. 2818 - 2821 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Buckman Laboratories, Inc.
Patent: US4293559 A1, 1981 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co.
Patent: US4306094 A1, 1981 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Sun Tech, Inc.
Patent: US4482756 A1, 1984 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Ciba-Geigy AG
Patent: US4608435 A1, 1986 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Sanofi
Patent: US4675419 A1, 1987 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited
Patent: EP1248313 A2, 2002 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Buess,C.M. et al.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1965 , vol. 8, p. 469 - 474 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
2 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
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Diana,G.D. et al.
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Jurd,L. et al.
Tetrahedron, 1979 , vol. 35, p. 1041 - 1054 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Schildknecht,H. et al.
Angewandte Chemie, 1963 , vol. 75, p. 762 - 771 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Musso,H.
Angewandte Chemie, 1963 , vol. 75, p. 965 - 977 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kurosawa,E.
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1961 , vol. 34, p. 300 - 304 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Fujio,M. et al.
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1975 , vol. 48, p. 2127 - 2133 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Temple University of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education
Patent: US4975463 A1, 1990 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Miyagi,Y. et al.
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1979 , vol. 52, p. 3019 - 3026 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Deschamps,J. et al.
Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1965 , p. 2694 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
le Guyader,M.
Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1966 , p. 1848 - 1858 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Behringwerke Aktiengesellschaft
Patent: US5519018 A1, 1996 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Murata; Satoh; Nohara; et al.
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1977 , vol. 12, # 1 p. 17 - 20 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Eastman Kodak Company
Patent: US5107003 A1, 1992 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Reynolds,D.D.
Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1970 , vol. 7, p. 1397 - 1400 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Reynolds,D.D.; Cossar,B.C.
Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1971 , vol. 8, p. 611 - 615 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Hoechst Celanese Corporation
Patent: US5130467 A1, 1992 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Brown,E.R. et al.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1971 , vol. 36, # 19 p. 2849 - 2853 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
Patent: WO2004/50596 A1, 2004 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
3 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Mahalingam, Rathinam Jothi; Ashtekar, Sunil; Thampi, Jegadeesh; Kumbhar, Pramod Shankar
Patent: US2005/137380 A1, 2005 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Ashtekar, Sunil; Kumbhar, Pramod; Lens, Jan-Pleun; Mahalingam, Rathinam Jothi; Pradeep, Nadkarni; Thampi, Jegadeesh
Patent: US2005/137409 A1, 2005 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC and INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH
Patent: WO2005/63664 A1, 2005 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Thampi, Jegadeesh; Ashtekar, Sunil; Kumbhar, Pramod; Mahalingam, Rathinam Jothi
Patent: US2006/25634 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
TOKYO OHKA KOGYO CO., LTD.
Patent: WO2006/80178 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
FUJIFILM Corporation
Patent: WO2007/49779 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
IRM LLC
Patent: WO2007/56366 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY
Patent: WO2007/120459 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Kehrmann
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1910 , vol. 372, p. 312 Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1918 , vol. 414, p. 172 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Fieser; Hartwell
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1935 , vol. 57, p. 1479,1481 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bernatek; Bo
Acta Chemica Scandinavica (1947-1973), 1959 , vol. 13, p. 337,340 Full Text Show Details
Ludwig et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1955 , vol. 77, p. 5751 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Green et al.
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1959 , p. 3362,3369 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Smith et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1941 , vol. 63, p. 1018,1019 Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1942 , vol. 64, p. 447,448 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Marcinkiewicz et al.
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1959 , p. 3377 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Pendse; Karrer
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1958 , vol. 41, p. 396,399 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Stern et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1947 , vol. 69, p. 869,874 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
4 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Karrer; Fritzsche
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1939 , vol. 22, p. 260,263 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Inouye et al.
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1958 , vol. 6, p. 653 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Posternak
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1938 , vol. 21, p. 1326,1335 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Waldmann; Poppe
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1937 , vol. 527, p. 190,191 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Green
Chemische Berichte, 1893 , vol. 26, p. 2778 Journal of the Chemical Society, 1893 , vol. 63, p. 1404 Full Text Show Details
Bamberger
Chemische Berichte, 1900 , vol. 33, p. 949 Full Text Show Details
Burke; Weatherbee
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1950 , vol. 72, p. 4691,4693 Full Text Show Details
Goodwin; Witkop
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1957 , vol. 79, p. 179,184 Full Text Show Details
Desai; Mavani
Proceedings - Indian Academy of Sciences, Section A, 1947 , # 25 p. 327,329 Full Text Show Details
Desai; Mavani
Proceedings - Indian Academy of Sciences, Section A, 1942 , # 15 p. 11,14 Full Text Show Details
Mustafa
Nature (London, United Kingdom), 1948 , vol. 162, p. 856 Chem.Abstr., 1949 , p. 6515 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Fieser; Oxford
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1942 , vol. 64, p. 2063 Full Text Show Details
Bamberger
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1920 , vol. 420, p. 137 Full Text Show Details
Chem. Fabr. Schering
Patent: DE81068 ; Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 4, p. 127 Full Text Show Details
Kumagai; Wolffenstein
Chemische Berichte, 1908 , vol. 41, p. 298 Full Text Show Details
Nietzki
Chemische Berichte, 1877 , vol. 10, p. 1934,2005 Chemische Berichte, 1878 , vol. 11, p. 1103 Full Text Show Details
Clark
American Chemical Journal, 1892 , vol. 14, p. 571 Full Text Show Details
Brunner
Monatshefte fuer Chemie, 1889 , vol. 10, p. 174 Full Text Show Details
Nietzki; Bernard
Chemische Berichte, 1898 , vol. 31, p. 1336 Full Text Show Details
Valeur
Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 1897 , vol. 125, p. 872 Annales de Chimie (Cachan, France), 1900 , vol. <7> 21, p. 478 Full Text Show Details
5 of 42
6 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Sabatier; Mailhe
Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 1908 , vol. 146, p. 458 Annales de Chimie (Cachan, France), 1909 , vol. <8> 16, p. 88 Full Text Show Details
Nietzki
Chemische Berichte, 1878 , vol. 11, p. 1279 Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1882 , vol. 215, p. 160 Full Text Show Details
Nevile; Winther
Chemische Berichte, 1882 , vol. 15, p. 2992 Full Text Show Details
Nietzki
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1882 , vol. 215, p. 155 Chemische Berichte, 1892 , vol. 25, p. 282,284 Full Text Show Details
Fichter; Stocker
Chemische Berichte, 1914 , vol. 47, p. 2016 Full Text Show Details
Bayer and Co.
Patent: DE249939 ; Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 10, p. 1330 Full Text Show Details
Bach
Chem. Zentralbl., 1916 , vol. 87, # II p. 743 Full Text Show Details
Fichter; Ackermann
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1919 , vol. 2, p. 595 Full Text Show Details
Schmid
Monatshefte fuer Chemie, 1911 , vol. 32, p. 437 Full Text Show Details
Fichter; Ris
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1924 , vol. 7, p. 810 Full Text Show Details
Swietoslawski; Starczewska
Journal de Chimie Physique et de Physico-Chimie Biologique, 1926 , vol. 23, p. 822 Full Text Show Details
Biilmann; Jensen; Pedersen
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1925 , vol. 127, p. 207 Full Text Show Details
Erdtman
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1934 , vol. 143, p. 196,197 Chem. Zentralbl., 1934 , vol. 105, # I p. 3054 Full Text Show Details
John; Dietzel; Guenther
Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fuer Physiologische Chemie, 1938 , vol. 252, p. 208,220 Full Text Show Details
Renz
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1947 , vol. 30, p. 124,136 Full Text Show Details
Hunter; Kvalnes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1932 , vol. 54, p. 2869,2874 Full Text Show Details
Marini-Bettolo; Trucco
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1943 , vol. 73, p. 300,304 Full Text Show Details
Luettringhaus; Gralheer
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1942 , vol. 550, p. 67,83 Full Text Show Details
Hackman; Pryor; Todd
Biochemical Journal, 1948 , vol. 43, p. 474,477 Full Text Show Details
Hoffmann-La Roche
Patent: DE753627 , 1940 ; DRP/DRBP Org.Chem. Full Text Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Alexander; Barton
Biochemical Journal, 1943 , vol. 37, p. 463 Full Text Show Details
Cohen
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1947 , vol. 69, p. 1057,1063 Full Text Show Details
Fichter; Simon
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1934 , vol. 17, p. 717,719 Full Text Show Details
Birkinshaw; Bracken; Raistrick
Biochemical Journal, 1943 , vol. 37, p. 726 Full Text Show Details
Neunhoeffer; Pelz
Chemische Berichte, 1939 , vol. 72, p. 433,439 Full Text Show Details
Dodgson
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1930 , p. 2498,2500 Full Text Show Details
Pennsylvania Coal Prod. Co.
Patent: US2041593 , 1934 ; Full Text Show Details
James; Snell; Weissberger
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1938 , vol. 60, p. 2084,2085 Full Text Show Details
Eastman Kodak Co.
Patent: US2533203 , 1948 ; Full Text Show Details
Brockmann; Mueller
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1939 , vol. 540, p. 51,62 Full Text Show Details
Musso; v. Grunelius
Chemische Berichte, 1959 , vol. 92, p. 3101,3105 Full Text Show Details
v. Euler; Adler; Caspersson
Arkiv foer Kemi, 1943 , vol. 16 A, # 11 p. 11 Full Text Show Details
Mayer; Stark
Chemische Berichte, 1931 , vol. 64, p. 2003,2007 Full Text Show Details
Underwood; Walsh
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1936 , vol. 58, p. 646 Organic Syntheses, 1943 , vol. Coll. Vol. II, p. 553 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Sondheimer; Elad
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1957 , vol. 79, p. 5542,5545 Full Text Show Details
Friedmann et al.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1954 , vol. 13, p. 260,264 Full Text Show Details
Wender et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1952 , vol. 74, p. 4079,4082 Full Text Show Details
Wessely; Schinzel
Monatshefte fuer Chemie, 1953 , vol. 84, p. 969,976, 987 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Barker; Hollingworth
Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1959 , vol. 9, p. 16,21 Full Text Show Details
Staude; Teupel
Zeitschrift fuer Elektrochemie und Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, 1957 , vol. 61, p. 181,186 Full Text Show Details
7 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Venkataraman et al.
Journal of Chemical Physics, 1959 , vol. 30, p. 1006,1010 Full Text Show Details
Baxendale; Hardy
Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1953 , vol. 49, p. 1140,1143 Full Text Show Details
Baxendale; Hardy
Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1954 , vol. 50, p. 808,811 Full Text Show Details
Boscott
Chemistry and Industry (London, United Kingdom), 1955 , p. 201 Full Text Show Details
Kharasch et al.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1956 , vol. 21, p. 925,927 Full Text Show Details
Mamalis et al.
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1959 , p. 3350,3356 Full Text Show Details
Inouye; Takano
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1958 , vol. 6, p. 655,658 Full Text Show Details
Eastman Kodak Co.
Patent: US2732300 , 1953 ; Full Text Show Details
Bamberger
Chemische Berichte, 1895 , vol. 28, p. 248 Chemische Berichte, 1894 , vol. 27, p. 1348 Full Text Show Details
Henderson; Boyd
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1910 , vol. 97, p. 1661 Full Text Show Details
Satoh; Sogabe
Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan), 1941 , vol. 38, p. 246,248 Chem.Abstr., 1941 , p. 4666 Full Text Show Details
Nietzki
Chemische Berichte, 1877 , vol. 10, p. 835 Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1882 , vol. 215, p. 160 Full Text Show Details
Posner; Lipsky
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1904 , vol. 336, p. 159 Full Text Show Details
Kehrmann; Brasch
Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Leipzig), 1889 , vol. <2> 39, p. 378 Full Text Show Details
Hebebrand
Chemische Berichte, 1882 , vol. 15, p. 1974 Full Text Show Details
Conant; Fieser
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1923 , vol. 45, p. 2205 Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1924 , vol. 46, p. 1877 Anm. 43 Full Text Show Details
Angeletti
Atti della Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, 1934 , vol. # 70, p. 326,328 Full Text Show Details
Wiesner
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1947 , vol. 12, p. 594,598, 602, 604 Full Text Show Details
Velasco
Anales de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Fisica y Quimica, 1934 , vol. 32, p. 345,365, 369 Full Text Show Details
Angeletti
Atti della Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, 1935 , vol. # 70, p. 326,328 Full Text Show Details
8 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Angeletti
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1934 , vol. 64, p. 346,347 Full Text Show Details
Pickholz
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1946 , p. 685 Full Text Show Details
Brunner
Monatshefte fuer Chemie, 1881 , vol. 2, p. 465 Full Text Show Details
Bamberger; Blangey
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1911 , vol. 384, p. 291 Chemische Berichte, 1903 , vol. 36, p. 1627 Full Text Show Details
Bamberger; Brun
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1923 , vol. 6, p. 946,947 Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1924 , vol. 7, p. 112,114 Full Text Show Details
Kurosawa
Nippon Kagaku Zasshi, 1957 , vol. 78, p. 312 Chem.Abstr., 1960 , p. 374 Full Text Show Details
Macbeth; Price; Winzor
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1935 , p. 325,327 Full Text Show Details
Fierz-David; Blangey; Streiff
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1946 , vol. 29, p. 1718,1758 Full Text Show Details
Kuroda; Wada
Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan), 1938 , vol. 34, p. 1740,1756,1758 Chem. Zentralbl., 1939 , vol. 110, # I p. 2792 Full Text Show Details
Waldmann; Mathiowetz
Chemische Berichte, 1931 , vol. 64, p. 1713,1721 Full Text Show Details
Cardani et al.
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1955 , vol. 85, p. 1599,1610 Anm. 17 Full Text Show Details
Sorrie; Thomson
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1955 , p. 2233,2235 Full Text Show Details
Gatenbeck
Acta Chemica Scandinavica (1947-1973), 1959 , vol. 13, p. 705,709 Full Text Show Details
Noelting; Werner
Chemische Berichte, 1890 , vol. 23, p. 3255 Full Text Show Details
Bamberger
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1912 , vol. 390, p. 189 Full Text Show Details
Jacob; Sutcliffe; Todd
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1940 , p. 327,329 Full Text Show Details
Zemplen; Bognar; Morvay
Chemische Berichte, 1943 , vol. 76, p. 1165,1169 Full Text Show Details
Moerner
Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fuer Physiologische Chemie, 1921 , vol. 117, p. 69,73 Full Text Show Details
Heller
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1912 , vol. 392, p. 47 Chemische Berichte, 1915 , vol. 48, p. 1288 Full Text Show Details
Bamberger
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1912 , vol. 390, p. 175 Chemische Berichte, 1907 , vol. 40, p. 1903 Full Text Show Details
9 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Moerner
Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fuer Physiologische Chemie, 1910 , vol. 69, p. 355,361 Full Text Show Details
Bruce; Thomson
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1952 , p. 2759,2765 Journal of the Chemical Society, 1955 , p. 1089,1095 Full Text Show Details
Shirai et al.
Chemistry Letters, 1975 , p. 915 Full Text Show Details
Pelizzetti et al.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2: Physical Organic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1978 , p. 623 Full Text Show Details
Iwano
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1969 , vol. 42, p. 2677,2679 Full Text Show Details
Tyman
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1973 , p. 1639,1645 Full Text Show Details
Kikkawa et al.
Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1977 , p. 695,696 Full Text Show Details
Aplin; Pike
Chemistry and Industry (London, United Kingdom), 1966 , p. 2009 Full Text Show Details
Kaufman et al.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1967 , vol. 32, p. 504 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Mesnard; Bertucat
Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico, 1962 , vol. 101, p. 519,521 Full Text Show Details
Muehlstaedt; Scholz
Chemische Berichte, 1964 , vol. 97, p. 1 Full Text Show Details
Sequin-Frey; Tamm
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1971 , vol. 54, p. 851,852-854,859,860 Full Text Show Details
Forrester; Gaucher
Biochemistry, 1972 , vol. 11, p. 1102,1103 Full Text Show Details
Nilsson et al.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1973 , p. 2337,2338 Full Text Show Details
Fujita; Sano
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1979 , vol. 44, p. 2647,2648, 2650 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Reinschmiedt et al.
Inorganic Chemistry, 1973 , vol. 12, p. 1639 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Rao; Hayon
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1975 , vol. 79, p. 397,400 Full Text Show Details
Vesely; Schmerling
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1970 , vol. 35, p. 4028,4030 Full Text Show Details
Pelizetti et al.
Inorganic Chemistry, 1978 , vol. 17, p. 1688 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Pelizzetti et al.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions: Inorganic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1975 , p. 794,795-798 Full Text Show Details
10 of 42
11 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Santhanam; Krishnan
Zeitschrift fuer Physikalische Chemie (Muenchen, Germany), 1963 , vol. 39, p. 137,139 Full Text Show Details
Masson et al.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1975 , vol. 64, p. 175,181 Full Text Show Details
Clemmer et al.
Inorganic Chemistry, 1979 , vol. 18, p. 2567,2570, 2571 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Rajyam et al.
Current Science, 1971 , vol. 40, p. 62 Full Text Show Details
Manecke et al.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1970 , vol. 28, p. 139,142 Full Text Show Details
Chi-Sing Tse; Kuwana
Analytical Chemistry, 1978 , vol. 50, p. 1315,1316-1317 Full Text Show Details
Pelizzetti et al.
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1976 , vol. 80, p. 2979 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Mentasti; Pelizzetti
Transition Metal Chemistry (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 1976 , vol. 1, p. 281,283 Full Text Show Details
Arai; Onozuka
Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1977 , p. 1665,1666 Chem.Abstr., 1978 , # 36877 Full Text Show Details
Upjohn Co.
Patent: US3683034 , 1970 ; Chem.Abstr., vol. 77, # 114031 Full Text Show Details
Arai; Onozuka
Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1978 , p. 997,998 Full Text Show Details
Kamal et al.
Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1970 , vol. 13, p. 236,237-239 Chem.Abstr., 1971 , vol. 74, # 75167w Full Text Show Details
Forsskahl et al.
Carbohydrate Research, 1976 , vol. 48, p. 13,14-21 Full Text Show Details
Arshad et al.
Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 1970 , vol. 15, p. 1653,1656,1658,1660 Full Text Show Details
Maruyama et al.
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1973 , vol. 46, p. 2470,2474 Full Text Show Details
Manecke; Foerster
Makromolekulare Chemie, 1962 , vol. 52, p. 147,153,154 Full Text Show Details
Ashworth; Dixon
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2: Physical Organic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1972 , p. 1130,1131 Full Text Show Details
Barker; Hollingworth
Chemicky Prumysl, 1960 , vol. 10, p. 525 Full Text Show Details
Beckering et al.
Analytical Chemistry, 1964 , vol. 36, p. 2412 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
O'Donnell et al.
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 1963 , vol. 8, p. 608 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Sunkel; Staude
Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft, 1969 , vol. 73, p. 203 Full Text Show Details
Beckering; Fowkes
Bur. Mines Rep. Invest. Nr. 5505Chem.Abstr., 1959 , p. 3 Bur. Mines Rep. Invest. Nr. 5505Chem.Abstr., 1960 , # 4150 Full Text Show Details
Sunkel; Staude
Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft, 1968 , vol. 72, p. 567,569, 572 Full Text Show Details
Giza et al.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1962 , vol. 27, p. 679,681 Full Text Show Details
Bishop; Tong
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1965 , vol. 87, p. 501,504 Full Text Show Details
Schildknecht; Kraemer
Z. Naturforsch., B: Anorg. Chem., Org. Chem., Biochem., Biophys.,, 1962 , vol. 17, p. 701 Full Text Show Details
Hanson; Mehta
Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] C: Organic, 1969 , p. 2349 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Schildknecht; Holoubek
Angewandte Chemie, 1961 , vol. 73, p. 1,5 Full Text Show Details
Schulte; Ruecker
Archiv der Pharmazie und Berichte der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft, 1964 , vol. 297, p. 182,184 Full Text Show Details
Sartori, Giovanni; Casnati, Giuseppe; Bigi, Franca; Foglio, Federica
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1990 , vol. 120, # 1 p. 13 - 19 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Duprat, Arthur Francois; Capdevielle, Patrice; Maumy, Michel
Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1991 , # 7 p. 464 - 466 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kajigaeshi, Shoji; Morikawa, Yukihiro; Fujisaki, Shizuo; Kakinami, Takaaki; Nishihira, Keigo
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1991 , vol. 64, # 1 p. 336 - 338 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Pirrung, Michael C.; Nunn, David S.
Tetrahedron Letters, 1988 , vol. 29, # 2 p. 163 - 166 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Rao, Darvasula V.; Stuber, Fred A.
Tetrahedron Letters, 1981 , vol. 22, # 25 p. 2337 - 2340 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bloomer, James L.; Gazzillo, Joseph A.
Tetrahedron Letters, 1989 , vol. 30, # 10 p. 1201 - 1204 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Sartori, Giovanni; Casnati, Giuseppe; Bigi, Franca; Robles, Pasquale
Tetrahedron Letters, 1987 , vol. 28, # 14 p. 1533 - 1536 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Fischer, A.; Henderson, N.
Tetrahedron Letters, 1980 , vol. 21, p. 701 - 704 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Laatsch
1980 , vol. NO. 5, p. 814 - 818 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Malesani, Giorgio; Galiano, Fabio; Ferlin, Maria Grazia; Masiero, Sergio
Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1980 , vol. 17, p. 563 - 569 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Timpe, Hans-Joachim; Dietrich, Reinhard; Boeckelmann, Juergen; Friedel, Ingrid; Boegel, Horst; Haucke, Guenther
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1981 , vol. 46, # 1 p. 219 - 239 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
12 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Conway, Gregory A.; Loeffler, Larry J.
Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1983 , vol. 20, p. 1315 - 1320 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Hiranuma Hidetoshi; Miller, Sidney I.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1982 , vol. 47, # 26 p. 5083 - 5088 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Minisci, Francesco; Citterio, Attilio; Vismara, Elena; Fontana, Francesca; Bernardinis, Silvia De; Correale, Mariano
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1989 , vol. 54, # 3 p. 728 - 731 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Fischer, Alfred; Henderson, George N.
Synthesis, 1985 , # 6/7 p. 641 - 643 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Ishii, Fumio; Kishi, Ken-ichi
Synthesis, 1980 , # 9 p. 706 - 708 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Takata, Toshikazu; Tajima, Rieko; Ando, Wataru
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1983 , vol. 48, # 24 p. 4764 - 4766 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Nourse, B. D.; Brodbelt, J. S.; Cooks, R. G.
Organic Mass Spectrometry, 1991 , vol. 26, # 6 p. 575 - 582 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Muathen, H A
Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1991 , vol. 30, # 5 p. 522 - 524
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Saa, Jose M.; Morey, Jeroni; Suner, Guillem; Frontera, Antoni; Costa, Antoni
Tetrahedron Letters, 1991 , vol. 32, # 49 p. 7313 - 7316 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
McKillop, Alexander; Tarbin, Jonathan A.
Tetrahedron, 1987 , vol. 43, # 8 p. 1753 - 1758 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Mehta; Murthy; Reddy
Tetrahedron Letters, 1987 , vol. 28, # 13 p. 1467 - 1468 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Cossio, Fernando P.; Lopez, Concepcion M.; Palomo, Claudio
Tetrahedron, 1987 , vol. 43, # 17 p. 3963 - 3974 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chawla, H. Mohindra; Sharma, S. K.; Chakrabarty, K.; Bhanumati, S.
Tetrahedron, 1988 , vol. 44, # 4 p. 1227 - 1234 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Lecea, B.; Aizpurua, J. M.; Palomo, C.
Tetrahedron, 1985 , vol. 41, # 20 p. 4657 - 4666 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kalnin'sh, K. K.; Safant'evskii, A. A.; Shchukareva, V. V.
Journal of Organic Chemistry USSR (English Translation), 1987 , vol. 23, p. 1942 - 1947 Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 1987 , vol. 23, # 10 p. 2197 - 2202 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Pratt, Daniel V.; Ruan, Fuqiang; Hopkins, Paul B.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1987 , vol. 52, # 22 p. 5053 - 5055 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Stern, Alan; Swenton, John S.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1987 , vol. 52, # 13 p. 2763 - 2768 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Paraskevas, Spyridon M.; Konstantinidis, Demetrios; Vassilara, Georgia
Synthesis, 1988 , # 11 p. 897 - 899 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Youngblood, Michael P.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1989 , vol. 111, # 5 p. 1843 - 1849 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Willis, John P.; Gogins, Kitty A.; Miller, Larry L.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1981 , vol. 46, # 16 p. 3215 - 3218 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
13 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Herron, David K.; Goodson, Theodore; Bollinger, Nancy G.; Swanson-Bean, Dorothy; Wright, Ian G.; et al.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 35, # 10 p. 1818 - 1828 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Inoue, Masami; Uragaki, Toshitaka; Enomoto, Saburo
Chemistry Letters, 1986 , p. 2075 - 2078 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Tsuda; Nunozawa; Nitta; Yamamoto
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1980 , vol. 28, # 3 p. 920 - 925 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Cossio, Fernando P.; Aizpurua, Jesus M.; Palomo, Claudio
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1986 , vol. 64, p. 225 - 231 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Aizpurua, Jesus M.; Lecea, Begona; Palomo, Claudio
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1986 , vol. 64, p. 2342 - 2347 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Juaristi, M.; Aizpurua, J. M.; Lecea, B.; Palomo, C.
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1984 , vol. 62, p. 2941 - 2944 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Pelzl, Gerhard; Oertel, Birgit; Mohr, Kristina; Demus, Dietrich
Zeitschrift fuer Chemie (Stuttgart, Germany), 1986 , vol. 26, # 2 p. 63 - 64 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Lichszteld, K.; Kruk, I.
Zeitschrift fuer Physikalische Chemie (Leipzig), 1981 , vol. 262, # 4 p. 673 - 682 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Schaefer, Wolfgang; Deutscher, Hans-Joachim
Zeitschrift fuer Chemie (Stuttgart, Germany), 1982 , vol. 22, # 12 p. 447 - 448 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Soriaga, Manuel P.; Hubbard, Arthur T.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1982 , vol. 104, # 10 p. 2735 - 2742 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Soriaga, Manuel P.; Hubbard, Arthur T.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1982 , vol. 104, # 10 p. 2742 - 2747 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
King, Michael M.; Cohen, Louis A.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1983 , vol. 105, # 9 p. 2752 - 2760 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Soriaga, Manuel P.; Hubbard, Arthur T.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1982 , vol. 104, # 14 p. 3937 - 3945 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Sircar; Hoefle; Maxwell
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1983 , vol. 26, # 7 p. 1020 - 1027 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spange, Stefan; Maenz, Karsten; Stadermann, Dietmar
Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1992 , # 10 p. 1033 - 1038 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Vuolle, Mikko; Maekelae, Reijo; Eloranta, Jorma
Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, 1992 , vol. 88, # 15 p. 2173 - 2178 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Morey; Saa
Tetrahedron, 1993 , vol. 49, # 1 p. 105 - 112 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Haga, Naoki; Endo, Yasuyuki; Kataoka, Ken-Ichiro; Yamaguchi, Kentaro; Shudo, Koichi
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1992 , vol. 114, # 25 p. 9795 - 9806 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Tatsuoka; Suzuki; Imao; Satoh; Ishihara; Hirotsu; Kihara; Hatta; Horikawa; Sumoto; Miyano
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1992 , vol. 40, # 9 p. 2382 - 2386 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kagawa; Tokura; Uchida; Kakushi; Shike; Nakai
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1992 , vol. 40, # 8 p. 2083 - 2087 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
14 of 42
15 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Carlson, Brian W.; Miller, Larry L.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1985 , vol. 107, # 2 p. 479 - 485 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Cassis, R.; Valderrama, J. A.
Synthetic Communications, 1983 , vol. 13, # 5 p. 347 - 356 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Mori, Akira; Mametsuka, Hiroaki; Takeshita, Hitoshi
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1985 , vol. 58, # 7 p. 2072 - 2077 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Rao, A. V. Rama; Deshpande, V. H.; Ravichandran, K.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1985 , vol. 24, p. 233 - 235 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Iida, Yoshio; Daishima, Shigeki; Shibata, Akihiro
Organic Mass Spectrometry, 1993 , vol. 28, # 4 p. 433 - 436 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Smirnov, V. I.; Perlovich, G. L.; Fridman, A. Ya.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 66, # 8 p. 1080 - 1082 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1992 , vol. 66, p. 2025 - 2030 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Patil; Curtin; I. C. Paul
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1984 , vol. 106, # 2 p. 348 - 353 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Lopez, C.; Gonzalez, A.; Cossio, F. P.; Palomo, C.
Synthetic Communications, 1985 , vol. 15, # 13 p. 1197 - 1212 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Pelizzetti, Ezio; Pramauro, Edmondo
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1984 , vol. 88, # 5 p. 990 - 996 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Roemer, Axel
Organic Magnetic Resonance, 1982 , vol. 19, # 2 p. 66 - 68 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Gesson, Jean-Pierre; Jacquesy, Jean-Claude; Jouannetaud, Marie-Paule
Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1980 , # 23 p. 1128 - 1129 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Roemer, A.; Sammet, M.
Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, Teil B: Anorganische Chemie, Organische Chemie, 1983 , vol. 38, # 7 p. 866 - 872 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Korenskii, V. I.; Skoboleva, V. D.; Kolenko, I. P.; Volkov, V. L.; Gus'kova, L. M.
J. Appl. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1981 , vol. <2> 54, # 10 p. 2510 - 2514,2215 - 2218 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Page, Philip C. Bulman; Carefull, John F.; Powell, Laurence H.; Sutherland, Ian O.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1985 , # 12 p. 822 - 823 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Schroeder
Molecular crystals and liquid crystals, 1980 , vol. 61, # 3-4 p. 229 - 240 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Eloeve, Guelnur A.; Schauble, J. Herman
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 1987 , vol. 25, p. 194 - 200 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Costa, Giovanna; Nora, Angelo; Trefiletti, Vincenzo; Valenti, Barbara
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 79 - 96 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Valenti, Barbara; Trefiletti, Vincenzo; Silanus, Franca; Costa, Giovanna
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 155, p. 511 - 520 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Smith, Colin W.; Ambler, Samantha J.; Steggles, David J.
Tetrahedron Letters, 1993 , vol. 34, # 46 p. 7447 - 7450 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Pandey, Bipin; Dalvi, Pramod V.
Angewandte Chemie, 1993 , vol. 105, # 11 p. 1724 - 1726 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Comment
Bioactivities present
(Pharmacological Data)
16 of 42
Reference
Smirnov, V. I.; Krestov, G. A.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 228 - 231 Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1994 , vol. 68, # 2 p. 258 - 261 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Allan, Andrew C.; Walker, John R. L.
Phytochemistry (Elsevier), 1988 , vol. 27, # 10 p. 3075 - 3076 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Patolia, R. J.; Trivedi, K. N.
Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 1980 , vol. 57, p. 532 - 535 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Deacon, Glen B.; O'Donoghue, Michael F.; McKillop, Alexander; Young, Derek W.
Synthetic Communications, 1980 , vol. 10, # 8 p. 615 - 622 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Sassa, Takeshi; Nukina, Manabu
Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 1984 , vol. 48, # 7 p. 1923 - 1926 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Rathore; Bosch; Kochi
Tetrahedron, 1994 , vol. 50, # 23 p. 6727 - 6758 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Robbins, Timothy A.; Knobler, Carolyn B.; Bellew, Donald R.; Cram, Donald J.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1994 , vol. 116, # 1 p. 111 - 122 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kretzschmann, H.; Meier, H.
Journal fuer Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung, 1994 , vol. 336, # 3 p. 247 - 254 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Sain, Bir; Murthy, Pappu S.; Venkateshwar Rao; Prasada Rao; Joshi, Girish C.
Tetrahedron Letters, 1994 , vol. 35, # 28 p. 5083 - 5084 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Sartori, Giovanni; Bigi, Franca; Maggi, Raimondo; Pastorio, Andrea; Porta, Cecilia; Bonfanti, Gianmarco
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1994 , # 13 p. 1879 - 1882 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Soll, Juergen; Shultz, Gernot
Phytochemistry (Elsevier), 1980 , vol. 19, p. 215 - 218 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Matsuo, Koji; Shiraki, Ryuji; Okubo, Masao
Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry, 1994 , vol. 7, # 10 p. 567 - 577 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Costantini; D'Ischia; Prota
Synthesis, 1994 , # 12 p. 1399 - 1400 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Fujibayashi, Shinya; Nakayama, Kouichi; Nishiyama, Yutaka; Ishii, Yasutaka
Chemistry Letters, 1994 , # 7 p. 1345 - 1348 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Sartori, Giovanni; Bigi, Franca; Goffredi, Gino; Maggi, Raimondo; Portioli, Roberto; Casnati, Giuseppe
Journal of Chemical Research, Miniprint, 1993 , # 8 p. 2061 - 2079 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Jahromi, S.; Mijs, W. J.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology, Section A: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 1994 , vol. 250, p. 209 - 222 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Chawla, H. Mohindra; Sharma, S. Kumar; Chakrabarty, K.; Bhanumati, S.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1988 , # 2 p. 128 - 129 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bhaumik, Asim; Kumar, Rajiv
Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1995 , # 3 p. 349 - 350 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Nadkarni, K. K; Kamat, S. P.; Paknikar, S. K.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1994 , vol. 33, # 5 p. 432 - 435 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Buchanan, J. Grant; Hill, David G.; Wightman, Richard H.; Boddy, Ian K.; Hewitt, Brian D.
Tetrahedron, 1995 , vol. 51, # 21 p. 6033 - 6050 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Novak; Kovacs; Pirok; Kolonits; Szabo; Fekete; Weiszfeiler; Szantay
Synthesis, 1995 , # 6 p. 693 - 698 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bae; Sandifer; Lee; Tryk; Sukenik; Scherson
Analytical Chemistry, 1995 , vol. 67, # 24 p. 4508 - 4513 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kossmehl, Gerhard; Hirsch, Barbara
Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, B: Chemical Sciences, 1995 , vol. 50, # 8 p. 1265 - 1274 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Yamamura; Nishiwaki; Tanigaki; Terauchi; Tomiyama; Nishiyama
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1995 , vol. 68, # 10 p. 2955 - 2960 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Pirrung, Michael C.; Nunn, David S.
Tetrahedron, 1996 , vol. 52, # 16 p. 5707 - 5738 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Hochmuth, Detlev H.; Koenig, Wilfried A.
Liebigs Annales, 1996 , # 6 p. 947 - 951
Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Alegria, Antonio E.; Lopez, Marcos; Guevara, Norberto
Journal of the Chemical Society - Faraday Transactions, 1996 , vol. 92, # 24 p. 4965 - 4968 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Andersch, Jens; Tschierske, Carsten; Diele, Siegmar; Lose, Dirk
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 6, # 8 p. 1297 - 1307 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Arehart, Stephen V.; Pugh, Coleen
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1997 , vol. 119, # 13 p. 3027 - 3037 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Sakamoto, Takaaki; Yonehara, Hisatomo; Pac, Chyongjin
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1997 , vol. 62, # 10 p. 3194 - 3199 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Karpov, O. N.
Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 1996 , vol. 63, # 3 p. 393 - 397 Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, 1996 , vol. 63, # 3 p. 472 - 476 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Gallois, Eric; Defoin, Albert
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1997 , vol. 106, # 5 p. 273 - 280 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Lub, Johan; Broer, Dirk Jan; Van Den Brock, Nel
Liebigs Annales, 1997 , # 11 p. 2281 - 2288 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Matovic, Radomir; Cekovic, Zivorad
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1997 , vol. 127, # 9 p. 483 - 488 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Eastmond; Paprotny
Synthesis, 1998 , # 6 p. 894 - 898 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kalnin'sh; Pavlova
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 1997 , vol. 71, # 10 p. 1596 - 1600 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Choure; Bamatraf; Rao; Das; Mohan; Mittal
Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 1997 , vol. 101, # 51 p. 9837 - 9845 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Makino, Mitsuko; Endoh, Toshinari; Ogawa, Yoshio; Watanabe, Kazuko; Fujimoto, Yasuo
Heterocycles, 1998 , vol. 48, # 9 p. 1931 - 1934 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Roginsky, Vitaly A.; Pisarenko, Leonid M.; Bors, Wolf; Michel, Christa; Saran, Manfred
Journal of the Chemical Society - Faraday Transactions, 1998 , vol. 94, # 13 p. 1835 - 1840 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Hwang, Der-Ren; Chu, Chang-Ying; Wang, Sheng-Kai; Uang, Biing-Jiun
Synlett, 1999 , # 1 p. 77 - 78 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
17 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Biczok, Laszlo; Gupta, Neeraj; Linschitz, Henry
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1997 , vol. 119, # 51 p. 12601 - 12609 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Verevkin, Sergey P.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 1999 , vol. 1, # 1 p. 127 - 131 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Roginsky, Vitaly A.; Pisarenko, Leonid M.; Bors, Wolf; Michel, Christa
Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin Transactions 2, 1999 , # 4 p. 871 - 876 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Sembiring, Seri Bima; Colbran, Stephen B.; Craig, Donald C.
Journal of the Chemical Society - Dalton Transactions, 1999 , # 10 p. 1543 - 1554 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ichihashi, Keiko; Teranishi, Kiyoshi; Ichimura, Akio
Chemistry Letters, 1999 , # 9 p. 957 - 958 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Park, Byung-Ik; Bozzelli, Joseph W.; Booty, Michael R.; Bernhard, Mary J.; Mesuere, Karel; Pettigrew, Charles A.; Shi, Ji-Chun; Simonich, Staci L.
Environmental Science and Technology, 1999 , vol. 33, # 15 p. 2584 - 2592 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Arevalo; Benito; De Jesus; De La Mata; Flores; Gomez
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1999 , vol. 592, # 2 p. 265 - 270 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Puzari; Baruah, Jubaraj B.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2000 , vol. 65, # 8 p. 2344 - 2349 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Gomez-Lara; Gutierrez-Perez; Penieres-Carrillo; Lopez-Cortes; Escudero-Salas; Alvarez-Toledano
Synthetic Communications, 2000 , vol. 30, # 15 p. 2713 - 2720 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Waterlot, C.; Couturier, D.; Hasiak, B.
Journal of Chemical Research, Miniprint, 2000 , # 3 p. 417 - 429 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Martinez-Ruiz; Behnisch; Schweikart; Hanack; Lueer; Oelkrug
Chemistry - A European Journal, 2000 , vol. 6, # 8 p. 1294 - 1301 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Roginsky, Vitaly; Barsukova, Tatyana
Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin Transactions 2, 2000 , # 7 p. 1575 - 1582 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Stanton, James L.; Cahill, Edna; Dotson, Ronald; Tan, Jenny; Tomaselli, Hollis C.; Wasvary, Jong M.; Stephan, Zouhair F.; Steele, Ronald E.
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2000 , vol. 10, # 15 p. 1661 - 1663 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Diez, David; Moro, Rosalina F.; Marcos, Isidro S.; Lopez, Jose Ma Sanchez; Urones, Julio G.
Synlett, 2000 , # 6 p. 794 - 796 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Takabatake, Tohru; Miyazawa, Tomoyuki; Kojo, Mahiro; Hasegawa, Minoru
Heterocycles, 2000 , vol. 53, # 10 p. 2151 - 2162 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Fuganti, Claudio; Serra, Stefano
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, 2000 , # 22 p. 3758 - 3764 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Peeters, Emiel; Van Hal, Paul A.; Knol, Joop; Brabec, Christoph J.; Sariciftci, N. Serdar; Hummelen; Janssen, Rene A. J.
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2000 , vol. 104, # 44 p. 10174 - 10190 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Hisaindee, Soleiman; Clive, Derrick L.J.
Tetrahedron Letters, 2001 , vol. 42, # 12 p. 2253 - 2255 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Krohn, Karsten; Vitz, Juergen
Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, 2000 , vol. 342, # 8 p. 825 - 827 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ficht, Simon; Muelbaier, Marcel; Giannis, Athanassios
Tetrahedron, 2001 , vol. 57, # 23 p. 4863 - 4866 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
18 of 42
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Sugiono, Erli; Metzroth, Thorsten; Detert, Heiner
Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, 2001 , vol. 343, # 4 p. 351 - 359 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
D'Souza; Deviprasad
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2001 , vol. 66, # 13 p. 4601 - 4609 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ramos; Rispens; Van Duren; Hummelen; Janssen
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2001 , vol. 123, # 27 p. 6714 - 6715 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Villemin, Didier; Hammadi, Mohamed; Hachemi, Messaoud
Synthetic Communications, 2002 , vol. 32, # 10 p. 1501 - 1515 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ling, Taotao; Poupon, Erwan; Rueden, Erik J.; Kim, Sun H.; Theodorakis, Emmanuel A.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2002 , vol. 124, # 41 p. 12261 - 12267 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Macias, Francisco A; Marin, David; Chinchilla, David; Molinillo, Jose M.G
Tetrahedron Letters, 2002 , vol. 43, # 36 p. 6417 - 6420 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Cook, Anthony; Badriya, Samer; Greenfield, Simon; McKeown, Neil B.
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2002 , vol. 12, # 9 p. 2675 - 2683 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Singh, Vasundhara; Sapehiyia, Varinder; Kad, Goverdhan L.
Synthesis, 2003 , # 2 p. 198 - 200 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Venkata Ramana Rao; Ramana Rao
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2002 , vol. 58, # 14 p. 3039 - 3065 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Horikawa, Yoshiteru; Uchino, Yuki; Sako, Takeshi
Chemistry Letters, 2003 , vol. 32, # 3 p. 232 - 233 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Macias, Francisco A.; Chinchilla, David; Molinillo, Jose M. G.; Marin, David; Varela, Rosa M.; Torres, Ascension
Tetrahedron, 2003 , vol. 59, # 10 p. 1679 - 1683 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Franchi, Emanuela; Ingrosso, Giovanni; Marchetti, Fabio; Pinzino, Calogero
Tetrahedron, 2003 , vol. 59, # 27 p. 5003 - 5018 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Arevalo, Silvia; Bonillo, M. Rufina; de Jesus, Ernesto; de la Mata, F. Javier; Flores, Juan C.; Gomez, Rafael; Gomez-Sal, Pilar; Ortega, Paula
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2003 , vol. 681, # 1-2 p. 228 - 236 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Oh, Moonhyun; Reingold, Jeffrey A.; Carpenter, Gene B.; Sweigart, Dwight A.
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2003 , vol. 687, # 1 p. 78 - 84 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Small, Aaron C.; Pugh, Coleen
Macromolecules, 2002 , vol. 35, # 6 p. 2105 - 2115 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Goerner, Helmut
Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2003 , vol. 78, # 5 p. 440 - 448 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Millaruelo; Oriol; Serrano; Pinol; Saez
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2004 , vol. 411, p. 451/[1493]-466/[1508] Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Niedermeyer, Timo H. J.; Mikolasch, Annett; Lalk, Michael
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2005 , vol. 70, # 6 p. 2002 - 2008 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Sharghi, Hashem; Beni, Ali Reza Salimi
Synthesis, 2004 , # 17 p. 2900 - 2904 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Novak, Michael; Glover, Stephen A.
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
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García-Caballero; Blacher; Paupert; Quesada; Medina; Noël
British Journal of Pharmacology, 2016 , vol. 173, # 12 p. 1966 - 1987 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
He, Wan-Li; Wang, Xin; Yang, Zhou; Wang, Dong; Cao, Hui
Liquid Crystals, 2016 , vol. 43, # 7 p. 874 - 885 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Baysal, Mustafa; Yürüm, Yuda
Biofuels, 2016 , vol. 7, # 2 p. 181 - 189 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Liu, Jingchao; Fu, Junjie; Li, Wenlong; Zou, Yu; Huang, Zhangjian; Xu, Jinyi; Peng, Sixun; Zhang, Yihua
Tetrahedron, 2016 , vol. 72, # 27-28 p. 4103 - 4110 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Lui, Matthew Y.; Lokare, Kapil S.; Hemming, Ellen; Stanley, Jessica N.G.; Perosa, Alvise; Selva, Maurizio; Masters, Anthony F.; Maschmeyer, Thomas
RSC Advances, 2016 , vol. 6, # 63 p. 58443 - 58451 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Baysal, Mustafa; Yürüm, Yuda
Biofuels, 2016 , vol. 7, # 2 p. 181 - 189 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Kockler, Katrin B.; Fleischhaker, Friederike; Barner-Kowollik, Christopher
Polymer Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 7, # 26 p. 4342 - 4351 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Ting, Jeffrey M.; Navale, Tushar S.; Jones, Seamus D.; Bates, Frank S.; Reineke, Theresa M.
ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering, 2015 , vol. 1, # 10 p. 978 - 990 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Cannatelli, Mark D.; Ragauskas, Arthur J.
Tetrahedron Letters, 2016 , vol. 57, # 33 p. 3749 - 3753 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
McBride, Kevin; Gaide, Tom; Vorholt, Andreas; Behr, Arno; Sundmacher, Kai
Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2016 , vol. 99, p. 97 - 106 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
McBride, Kevin; Gaide, Tom; Vorholt, Andreas; Behr, Arno; Sundmacher, Kai
Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2016 , vol. 99, p. 97 - 106 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Saad, Mohamed El Khames; Rabaaoui, Nejmeddine; Elaloui, Elimame; Moussaoui, Younes
Separation and Purification Technology, 2016 , vol. 171, p. 157 - 163 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Xu, Lun; Liu, Fengyi; Xu, Li-Wen; Gao, Ziwei; Zhao, Yu-Ming
Organic Letters, 2016 , vol. 18, # 15 p. 3698 - 3701 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Nakanishi, Ikuo; Ohkubo, Kei; Ogawa, Yukihiro; Matsumoto, Ken-Ichiro; Ozawa, Toshihiko; Fukuzumi, Shunichi
Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 14, # 33 p. 7956 - 7961 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kamps; Hoeks; Kung; Lens; McCloskey; Noordover; Heuts
Polymer Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 7, # 33 p. 5294 - 5303 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Lee, Sang Jae; Lee, In-Gyun; Lee, Ki-Young; Kim, Dong-Gyun; Eun, Hyun-Jong; Yoon, Hye-Jin; Chae, Susanna; Song, Sung-Hyun; Kang, SaOuk; Seo, Min-Duk; Kim, Hyoun Sook; Park, Sung Jean; Lee, Bong-Jin
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016 , vol. 113, # 35 p. E5202 - E5211 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Dehua, Ma; Cong, Liu; Xiaobiao, Zhu; Rui, Liu; Lujun, Chen
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016 , vol. 23, # 18 p. 18343 - 18352 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Li, Jing; Dai, Jianjun; Liu, Guangqing; Zhang, Hedong; Gao, Zuopeng; Fu, Jie; He, Yanfeng; Huang, Yan
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2016 , vol. 94, p. 228 - 244 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Li, Jing; Dai, Jianjun; Liu, Guangqing; Zhang, Hedong; Gao, Zuopeng; Fu, Jie; He, Yanfeng; Huang, Yan
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2016 , vol. 94, p. 228 - 244 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Moreira, Francisca C.; Boaventura, Rui A.R.; Brillas, Enric; Vilar, Vítor J.P.
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2017 , vol. 202, p. 217 - 261 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Moreira, Francisca C.; Boaventura, Rui A.R.; Brillas, Enric; Vilar, Vítor J.P.
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2017 , vol. 202, p. 217 - 261 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Zhang, Yuhan; Guo, Yonghong; Li, Zhongle; Xie, Zhixiang
Organic Letters, 2016 , vol. 18, # 18 p. 4578 - 4581 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Widhalm, Joshua R.; Rhodes, David
Horticulture Research, 2016 , vol. 3, art. no. 16046 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
JNC Corporation; JNC Petrochemical Corporation; OOTSUKI, DAISUKE; INAGAKI, JUNICHI
Patent: JP5803076 B2, 2015 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC; BREWSTER, WILLIAM; KLITTICH, CARLA; RIEDER, BRENT; SIDDALL, THOMAS; YAO, CHENGLIN
Patent: JP5781090 B2, 2015 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Naik, Desavath V.; Kumar, Ranjan; Tripathi, Deependra; Singh, Raghuvir; Kanaujia, Pankaj K.
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2016 , vol. 121, p. 360 - 368 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Yagofarov, Mikhail I.; Nagrimanov, Ruslan N.; Solomonov, Boris N.
Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2017 , vol. 105, p. 50 - 57 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Yagofarov, Mikhail I.; Nagrimanov, Ruslan N.; Solomonov, Boris N.
Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2017 , vol. 105, p. 50 - 57 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Zhao, Qian; Liu, Yu
Biotechnology Advances, 2016 , vol. 34, # 5 p. 1064 - 1072 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Peixoto de Abreu Lima, Alejandro; Graziano, Natali; Pandolfi, Enrique
Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2016 , vol. 9, # 4 p. 210 - 215 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Li, Xuesong; Markandeya, Nagula; Jonusauskas, Gediminas; McClenaghan, Nathan D.; Maurizot, Victor; Denisov, Sergey A.; Huc, Ivan
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016 , vol. 138, # 41 p. 13568 - 13578 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
FUJIFILM CORPORATION; Katoh, Shunya; Matsuyama, Hiroshi; Yoshikawa, Masaru
Patent: US9464228 B2, 2016 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
FUJIFILM CORPORATION; KATOH, SHUNYA; NAKAZAWA, YUKI
Patent: JP2015/163596 A, 2015 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Menichetti, Stefano; Amorati, Riccardo; Meoni, Valentina; Tofani, Lorenzo; Caminati, Gabriella; Viglianisi, Caterina
Organic Letters, 2016 , vol. 18, # 21 p. 5464 - 5467 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Zhu, Chao; Wang, Runyu; Jin, Hui; Lian, Xiaoyan; Guo, Liejin; Huang, Jianbing
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016 , vol. 41, # 36 p. 16002 - 16008 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Zhu, Chao; Wang, Runyu; Jin, Hui; Lian, Xiaoyan; Guo, Liejin; Huang, Jianbing
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016 , vol. 41, # 36 p. 16002 - 16008 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.; Kato, Syunya; Yoshikawa, Masaru
Patent: KR101634475 B1, 2016 ;
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
DIC Corporation; Horiguchi, Masahiro; Aoki, Yoshio; Hayashi, Masanao; Kusumoto, Tetsuo
Patent: JP5988087 B2, 2016 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Fujifilm Corporation; Nakamura, Takaki; Shimamura, Satoshi; Imoto, Junichi; Watanabe, Katsuyuki
Patent: JP5728313 B2, 2015 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
García-Caballero; Blacher; Paupert; Quesada; Medina; Noël
British Journal of Pharmacology, 2016 , vol. 173, # 12 p. 1966 - 1987 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
pharmacokinetics
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
2,6-dichlorohydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase of Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
comparative comp. incubated in the presence of saturated air buffer
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
spectrophotometry; Michaelis-Menten constant (Km)
Type (Pharmacological Data)
Km
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
41 μmol/l
Reference
MacHonkin, Timothy E.; Doerner, Amy E.
Biochemistry, 2011 , vol. 50, # 41 p. 8899 - 8913 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 3 - activity asainst P. acnes (other quinones)A series of quinones was tested with zinc pyrithione (ZP) in a similar manner to that described in Example 1. The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 4 below and the (S)DDA results in Tables 5 (unsupplemented assays) and 6 (assays supplemented with salt and lipid). All results are collated from a number of experiments.For the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc with the exception of 2-t-butyl-p-benzoquinone which was used at 50 μg per disc in unsupplemented and 100 μg per disc in supplemented assays. The test compounds were dissolved in DMSO, with the exception of /?-benzoquinone and thymoquinone which were dissolved in ethanol.Table 4 Table 5 (unsupplemented (S)DDAs)Table 6 (supplemented (S)DDAs) (SL-(S)DDA = (S)DDA carried out in the presence of salt and lipid)Again these data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction when a quinone is combined with zinc pyrithione, there being a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone. This synergistic interaction is maintained in nearly all cases in the presence of salt and lipid; furthermore the activity of the quinones alone appears in all cases to be enhanced by the presence of the supplements. Indeed, in some cases, for example the combination of 2-methyl-/?hydroquinone or 2- ethyl-p-hydroquinone with zinc pyrithione, antimicrobial synergy appears to be far more marked under the supplemented conditions than the unsupplemented ones, indicating the potential value of such a combination in topical skin treatment formulations, in particular to treat acne.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
62.5 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 125 μg/ml, MIC/MBC is 0.5
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 28
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
31 of 42
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 3 - activity asainst P. acnes (other quinones)A series of quinones was tested with zinc pyrithione (ZP) in a similar manner to that described in Example 1. The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 4 below and the (S)DDA results in Tables 5 (unsupplemented assays) and 6 (assays supplemented with salt and lipid). All results are collated from a number of experiments.For the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc with the exception of 2-t-butyl-p-benzoquinone which was used at 50 μg per disc in unsupplemented and 100 μg per disc in supplemented assays. The test compounds were dissolved in DMSO, with the exception of /?-benzoquinone and thymoquinone which were dissolved in ethanol.Table 4 Table 5 (unsupplemented (S)DDAs)Table 6 (supplemented (S)DDAs) (SL-(S)DDA = (S)DDA carried out in the presence of salt and lipid)Again these data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction when a quinone is combined with zinc pyrithione, there being a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone. This synergistic interaction is maintained in nearly all cases in the presence of salt and lipid; furthermore the activity of the quinones alone appears in all cases to be enhanced by the presence of the supplements. Indeed, in some cases, for example the combination of 2-methyl-/?hydroquinone or 2- ethyl-p-hydroquinone with zinc pyrithione, antimicrobial synergy appears to be far more marked under the supplemented conditions than the unsupplemented ones, indicating the potential value of such a combination in topical skin treatment formulations, in particular to treat acne.
Results
unsupplemented disc diffusion assay value is 0.0 mm, supplemented (Triolein at 1percent v/v, sodium chloride, 100 mM) disc diffusion assay value is 36.13 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 28-30
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
32 of 42
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against P. acnes (other quinones)A number of different quinones was tested with both copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) and copper (II) silicate (CSL) against P. acnes NCTC 737 using (S)DDA tests as described in Example 1.For the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc, with the exception of copper (II) silicate (62 μg/disc) and 2-t-butyl-l,4- benzoquinone (100 μg/disc). The quinones were dissolved in DMSO and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water, whilst the copper (II) silicate was used as a 0.62 percent (w/w) solution in water.All the quinones were sourced from Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK with the exception of 2-t-butyl-l,4-benzoquinone (Sigma- Aldrich) and 2-ethyl-p-hydroquinone (Apin Chemicals Ltd, UK).The DDA results are shown in Table 13 below and the SDDA results in Tables 14 and 15 (unsupplemented assays) and 16 and 17 (supplemented assays).Table 13 f-lpercent(v/v) trioleinTable 14Table 15Table 16 (SL SDDA = SDDA with salt and lipid (1percent (v/v) triolein) supplements)Table 17(SL SDDA = SDDA with salt and lipid (1percent (v/v) triolein) supplements)These data demonstrate synergistic antimicrobial activity against P. acnes NCTC 737 for a range of different benzo- and hydroquinones with copper salts. On the whole these synergies are retained under the supplemented conditions.
Results
title compound demonstrated an antimicrobial activity with zone of diameter of 13.64 mm (DDA) and 35.18 mm (DDA + salt and lipid)
Location
Page/Page column 47-49
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
33 of 42
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 9 - activity against S. aureus (other quinones)Two further quinones, 2-methyl- and 2-ethyl:p-hydroquinone, were tested with both copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) and copper (II) silicate (CSL) against S. aureus ATCC 29213 using (S)DDA tests as described in Example 3.For the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc with the exception of copper (II) silicate which was added at 62 μg/disc. The quinones were dissolved in DMSO and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water, whilst the copper (II) silicate was used as a 0.62 percent (w/w) solution in water. All (S)DDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The DDA results are shown in Table 18 below and the SDDA results in Tables 19 and 20 (unsupplemented assays) and 21 and 22 (supplemented assays).Table 18Table 19Table 20 Table 21(SS SDDA = SDDA with salt and serum supplements)Table 22(SS SDDA = SDDA with salt and serum supplements)These data demonstrate that a synergistic antimicrobial interaction against S. aureus ATCC 29213 can be observed not only for TBHQ with copper salts but also for other benzo- and hydroquinones with copper salts. The synergies are retained under the supplemented conditions.
Results
title compound demonstrated an antimicrobial activity with zone of diameter of 25.77 mm (DDA) and 26.91 mm (DDA + salt and lipid)
Location
Page/Page column 49-51
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Effect (Pharmacological Data)
agonist
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
rabbit sceletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
RyR1 activity monitored by specific binding of 5 nmol/l <3H>ryanodine to 10 μg vesicles in presence of title comp. after shaking at 37 deg C for 2 to 3 h in HEPES, pH 7.4; after rapid filtration amount of <3H>ryanodine bound to filter determined by LSC
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
RyR1: ryanodine receptor isoform 1; LSC: liquid scintillation counting
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Jacobson, Alan R.; Moe, Scott T.; Allen; Fessenden, James D.
Molecular Pharmacology, 2006 , vol. 70, # 1 p. 259 - 266 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29213 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against S. aureus -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as
described above, were carried out using the test compound benzoyl peroxide (BP) and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt, lipid and blood, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For most (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The exceptions were the thymoquinone assays, in which only 50 μg of the benzoquinone was used. The solvents used were DMSO (for benzoyl peroxide, 2-methyl-p- hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethyl-jy-hydroquinone and 2-ethyl-&jp-hydroquinone)
and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, phydroquinone, .pound.>-benzoquinone and thymohydroquinone).The MIC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 1 below and the SDDA results in Table 2. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 1* Data variable: synergy observed in some tests and not in othersTable 2 EPO The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that each of the benzo/hydroquinones alone is active against S. aureus ATCC 29213, some strongly so - in particular the substituted benzo/hydroquinones appear to be more active than their unsubstituted counterparts, as indicated by the MIC/MBC results. Activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt, lipid and serum. BP alone is much less, if at all, active against the organism.When BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone however, the SDDA data indicate a potential synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and blood, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 12.34 mm and the area increase 186.0 percent. EPO Thus in the presence of a suitable benzo/hydroquinone, the otherwise relatively inactive peroxide can be made very active against 5. aureus. Moreover this synergy is also likely to be retained on topical application to the skin.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 33-35
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
36 of 42
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29213 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against S. aureus -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using the test compound benzoyl peroxide (BP) and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt, lipid and blood, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For most (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The exceptions were the thymoquinone assays, in which only 50 μg of the benzoquinone was used. The solvents used were DMSO (for benzoyl peroxide, 2-methyl-p- hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethyl-jy-hydroquinone and 2-ethyl-&jp-hydroquinone)
and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, phydroquinone, .pound.>-benzoquinone and thymohydroquinone).The MIC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 1 below and the SDDA results in Table 2. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 1* Data variable: synergy observed in some tests and not in othersTable 2 EPO The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that each of the benzo/hydroquinones alone is active against S. aureus ATCC 29213, some strongly so - in particular the substituted
benzo/hydroquinones appear to be more active than their unsubstituted counterparts, as indicated by the MIC/MBC results. Activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt, lipid and serum. BP alone is much less, if at all, active against the organism.When BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone however, the SDDA data indicate a potential synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and blood, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 12.34 mm and the area increase 186.0 percent. EPO Thus in the presence of a suitable benzo/hydroquinone, the otherwise relatively inactive peroxide can be made very active against 5. aureus. Moreover this synergy is also likely to be retained on topical application to the skin. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 33-35
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
37 of 42
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29213 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against S. aureus -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as
described above, were carried out using the test compound benzoyl peroxide (BP) and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt, lipid and blood, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For most (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The exceptions were the thymoquinone assays, in which only 50 μg of the benzoquinone was used. The solvents used were DMSO (for benzoyl peroxide, 2-methyl-p- hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethyl-jy-hydroquinone and 2-ethyl-&jp-hydroquinone)
and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, phydroquinone, .pound.>-benzoquinone and thymohydroquinone).The MIC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 1 below and the SDDA results in Table 2. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 1* Data variable: synergy observed in some tests and not in othersTable 2 EPO The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that each of the benzo/hydroquinones alone is active against S. aureus ATCC 29213, some strongly so - in particular the substituted benzo/hydroquinones appear to be more active than their unsubstituted counterparts, as indicated by the MIC/MBC results. Activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt, lipid and serum. BP alone is much less, if at all, active against the organism.When BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone however, the SDDA data indicate a potential synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and blood, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 12.34 mm and the area increase 186.0 percent. EPO Thus in the presence of a suitable benzo/hydroquinone, the otherwise relatively inactive peroxide can be made very active against 5. aureus. Moreover this synergy is also likely to be retained on topical application to the skin.
Results
title compound resulted in a 25.70 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA); title compound resulted in a 22.49 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of salt; title compound resulted in a 24.68 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of a lipid; title compound resulted in a 18.74 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of blood
Location
Page/Page column 33-35
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
38 of 42
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxicity
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
3T3 cells of BALB/c mouse embryo
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. added to culture medium
Method (Pharmacological Data)
neutral red uptake assay; cells in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium with fetal bovine serum treated with title comp. for 24 h; after exposure to title comp. cells incubated with neutral red (nr) for 3 h; conc. of nr determined spectrophotometrically
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
EC50: conc. that decreased number of viable cells by 50percent relative to solvent control
Type (Pharmacological Data)
EC50
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
0.011 mmol/l
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42 of 42
Reference
Chouchane, Salem; Wooten, Jan B.; Tewes, Franz J.; Wittig, Arno; Mueller, Boris P.; Veltel, Detlef; Diekmann, Joerg
Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2006 , vol. 19, # 12 p. 1602 - 1610 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
growth inhibitory effect against L 1210 leukemia cells (IC50=5 μg/mL)
Reference
Makino, Mitsuko; Endoh, Toshinari; Ogawa, Yoshio; Watanabe, Kazuko; Fujimoto, Yasuo
Heterocycles, 1998 , vol. 48, # 9 p. 1931 - 1934 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
inhibitory effect on AA-induced platelet aggregation
Reference
Kagawa; Tokura; Uchida; Kakushi; Shike; Nakai
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1992 , vol. 40, # 8 p. 2083 - 2087 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
inotropic and chronotropic effects (isolated guinea pig atria)
Reference
Kagawa; Tokura; Uchida; Kakushi; Shike; Nakai
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1992 , vol. 40, # 8 p. 2083 - 2087 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
no self-growth inhibiting activity
Reference
Sassa, Takeshi; Nukina, Manabu
Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 1984 , vol. 48, # 7 p. 1923 - 1926 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Ecotoxicology (2) 1 of 2
2 of 2
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
electrophysiology; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
antenna of Tribolium confusum (du Val), flour beetle
Sex
male and female
Concentration (Ecotoxicology)
1 - 1E6 ng
Kind of Dosing (Ecotoxicology)
title comp. impregnated in a piece of 0.5-cm2 filter paper
Method (Ecotoxicology)
insect antenna mounted between 2 glass electrodes; exposed to title comp. puff by means of a stimulus controller; EAG responses recorded
Further Details (Ecotoxicology)
control: n-hexane; active control: 10 μg of title comp.; EAG: electroantennography
Comment (Ecotoxicology)
No effect
Reference
Verheggen; Ryne; Olsson; Arnaud; Lognay; Hoegberg; Persson; Haubruge; Loefstedt
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2007 , vol. 33, # 3 p. 525 - 539 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
toxicity to bacteria
Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
Vibrio fischeri
Method (Ecotoxicology)
title comp. toxicity measured 24 after γ-radiation; Microtox assay
Further Details (Ecotoxicology)
EC50: conc. that causes 50 percent reduction of the bioluminescence after 15 min incubation
Type (Ecotoxicology)
EC50
Value of Type (Ecotoxicology)
0.30 mg/l
Reference
Bojanowska-Czajka, Anna; Drzewicz, Przemyslaw; Kozyra, Czeslaw; Nalecz-Jawecki, Grzegorz; Sawicki, Jozef; Szostek, Bogdan; Trojanowicz, Marek
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Other Data Use (36) Use Pattern
Reference
Antimicrobial
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Skin structure conditions
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Acne
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Eczema
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Superficial infected traumatic lesions
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wounds
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Burns
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ulcers
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Folliculitis
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Mycoses
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Acne lesions
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Bacteria associated with acne
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Skin conditions
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Staphylococcal infection
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Atopic dermatitis
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Primary skin infections
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Secondary skin infections
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Primary skin structure infections
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Secondary skin structure infections
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Acne-related scarring
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Hide facts Laboratory Use and Handling
Use Pattern
Reference
methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-associated infections
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Skin care
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Hair care
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Cosmeceutical preparation
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Toiletry product
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Laundry product
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Fabric treatment product
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Bath additive
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Shower additive
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Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Cleansing preparation
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Agricultural product
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Horticultural product
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veterinary preparation
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Polymerization-inhibitor
TOKYO OHKA KOGYO CO., LTD.
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Inhibitor of polymerisation
BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
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antioxidant
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Isolation from Natural Product (9) Isolation from Natural Product
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Chemical Name: 2-ethylhydroquinone
2
Reaxys Registry Number: 1936246
CAS Registry Number: 2349-70-4 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C8H10O2
Linear Structure Formula: C6H4O2H2CH2CH2
Molecular Weight: 138.166
InChI Key: VJIDDJAKLVOBSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
33 prep out of 98 reactions.
Identification Physical Data (21) Spectra (10) Bioactivity (15) Other Data (36)
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-ethylhydroquinone, 2-ethyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, 3-ethyl-4-hydroxyphenol, 2-Ethylhydroquinone, ethylhydroquinone, 2-ethyl-1,4-hydroquinone, 2-ethyl-benzene-1,4-diol Identification Substance Label (13) Label
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Intermediate LXXXIII
JUBILANT BIOSYS LTD.; SARMA, Pakala Kumara Savithru; ACHARYA, Vinod Parameshwaran; KASIBHATLA, Srinivas Rao; VISWANADHAN, Vellarkad Narayana; TIWARI, Atul; SINGHA, Rakesh Kumar; BISCHOFF, Alexander
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8b
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11a
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EHQ
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product, table/run 4
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2a
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12 R=Et
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QH2 3
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Patent-Specific Data (2) Prophetic Compound
Location in Patent
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Derivative (1) Comment (Derivative)
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dibenzoyl derivative (mp: 89 degree )
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Physical Data Melting Point (15) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Comment (Melting Point)
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chloroform
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108 - 110 °C
hexane
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112 °C
diethyl ether
Gocmen,M. et al.
petroleum ether
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111 - 112 °C
Pospisil,J. et al.
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115 - 116 °C
benzene
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Bayrac
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Angewandte Chemie, 1963 , vol. 75, p. 855 Full Text Show Details
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benzene
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114 °C
H2O
Hackman; Pryor; Todd
Biochemical Journal, 1948 , vol. 43, p. 474,477 Full Text Show Details
112 °C
Desai; Mavani
Proceedings - Indian Academy of Sciences, Section A, 1942 , # 15 p. 11,14 Full Text Show Details
113 - 115 °C
benzene
Kenner; Statham
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1935 , p. 299,301 Chemische Berichte, 1936 , vol. 69, p. 16,17 Full Text Show Details
112 °C
H2O
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Clemmensen
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112 °C
CHCl3
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Clemmensen
Chemische Berichte, 1914 , vol. 47, p. 62 Full Text Show Details
112 °C
benzene
sublimiert in Nadeln.
Clemmensen
Chemische Berichte, 1914 , vol. 47, p. 62 Full Text Show Details
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Johnson; Hodge
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Boiling Point (1) Boiling Point
Pressure (Boiling Point)
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14 Torr
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Tafeln
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Nadeln
Kenner; Statham
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Bayrac
Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1894 , vol. <3> 11, p. 1130,1133 Annales de Chimie (Cachan, France), 1897 , vol. <7> 10, p. 55,56, 68 Full Text Show Details
Nadeln oder Tafeln
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Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (4) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Frequency (NMR Spectroscopy)
Chemical shifts
1H
dimethylsulfoxide-d6
500 MHz
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1H
acetone-d6
250.13 MHz
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Chemical shifts
13C
acetone-d6
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Chemical shifts
1H
Florjanczyk,Z. et al.
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IR Spectroscopy (2) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Solvent (IR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Bands
CHCl3
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Bands
Florjanczyk,Z. et al.
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Mass Spectrometry (2) Description (Mass Spectrometry)
Location
Reference
high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) electron impact (EI) gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) time-of-flight mass spectra (TOFMS) spectrum
supporting information
Rocha, Daniele F.O.; Wouters, Felipe C.; Zampieri, Davila S.; Brocksom, Timothy J.; Machado, Glauco; Marsaioli, Anita J.
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Solvent (UV/VIS Spectroscopy)
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Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (14) 1 of 14
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
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Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
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SYNTOPIX LIMITED
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2 of 14
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
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Mehta et al.
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Kenner; Statham
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Johnson; Hodge
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Chemische Berichte, 1914 , vol. 47, p. 62 Full Text Show Details
Renz
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Hackman; Pryor; Todd
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Alexander; Barton
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3 of 14
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
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Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2000 , vol. 10, # 15 p. 1661 - 1663 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Shahidzadeh, Mansour; Ghandi, Mehdi
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2001 , vol. 625, # 1 p. 108 - 111 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Horikawa, Yoshiteru; Uchino, Yuki; Sako, Takeshi
Chemistry Letters, 2003 , vol. 32, # 3 p. 232 - 233 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ghandi, Mehdi; Shahidzadeh, Mansour
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2006 , vol. 691, # 23 p. 4918 - 4925 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Murashima, Takashi; Yamada, Takashi
Tetrahedron Letters, 2007 , vol. 48, # 47 p. 8334 - 8337 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Murashima, Takashi; Yamada, Takashi
Tetrahedron Letters, 2008 , vol. 49, # 1 p. 175 - 178 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Yakubovskaya; Pokhilo; Mishchenko; Anufriev
Russian Chemical Bulletin, 2007 , vol. 56, # 4 p. 819 - 822 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Verheggen; Ryne; Olsson; Arnaud; Lognay; Hoegberg; Persson; Haubruge; Loefstedt
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2007 , vol. 33, # 3 p. 525 - 539 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
4 of 14
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
4SC AG
Patent: EP1947103 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2009/74792 A2, 2009 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Gholap, Shivajirao L.; Woo, Christina M.; Ravikumar; Herzon, Seth B.
Organic Letters, 2009 , vol. 11, # 19 p. 4322 - 4325 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Tasler, Stefan; Baumgartner, Roland; Ammendola, Astrid; Schachtner, Josef; Wieber, Tanja; Blisse, Marcus; Rath, Sandra; Zaja, Mirko; Klahn, Philipp; Quotschalla, Udo; Ney, Peter
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2010 , vol. 20, # 20 p. 6108 - 6115 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
JUBILANT BIOSYS LTD.; SARMA, Pakala Kumara Savithru; ACHARYA, Vinod Parameshwaran; KASIBHATLA, Srinivas Rao; VISWANADHAN, Vellarkad Narayana; TIWARI, Atul; SINGHA, Rakesh Kumar; BISCHOFF, Alexander
Patent: WO2012/90219 A2, 2012 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Rocha, Daniele F.O.; Wouters, Felipe C.; Zampieri, Davila S.; Brocksom, Timothy J.; Machado, Glauco; Marsaioli, Anita J.
Molecules, 2013 , vol. 18, # 9 p. 11429 - 11451 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
EADY, Elizabeth, Anne; QURESHI, Andleeb
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
EADY, Elizabeth, Anne; FITZGERALD, Daniel, James; COVE, Jonathan, Howard; SEVILLE, Scott
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Maeda, Yuki
Tetrahedron, 2014 , vol. 71, # 23 p. 3915 - 3923
Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Xia, Zilei; Hu, Jiadong; Shen, Zhigao; Yao, Qizheng; Xie, Weiqing
RSC Advances, 2015 , vol. 5, # 48 p. 38499 - 38502 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 2015 , vol. 94, # 1 p. 44 - 49 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
5 of 14
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 3 - activity asainst P. acnes (other quinones)A series of quinones was tested with zinc pyrithione (ZP) in a similar manner to that described in Example 1. The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 4 below and the (S)DDA results in Tables 5 (unsupplemented assays) and 6 (assays supplemented with salt and lipid). All results are collated from a number of experiments.For the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc with the exception of 2-t-butyl-p-benzoquinone which was used at 50 μg per disc in unsupplemented and 100 μg per disc in supplemented assays. The test compounds were dissolved in DMSO, with the exception of /?-benzoquinone and thymoquinone which were dissolved in ethanol.Table 4 Table 5 (unsupplemented (S)DDAs)Table 6 (supplemented (S)DDAs) (SL-(S)DDA = (S)DDA carried out in the presence of salt and lipid)Again these data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction when a quinone is combined with zinc pyrithione, there being a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone. This synergistic interaction is maintained in nearly all cases in the presence of salt and lipid; furthermore the activity of the quinones alone appears in all cases to be enhanced by the presence of the supplements. Indeed, in some cases, for example the combination of 2-methyl-/?hydroquinone or 2- ethyl-p-hydroquinone with zinc pyrithione, antimicrobial synergy appears to be far more marked under the supplemented conditions than the unsupplemented ones, indicating the potential value of such a combination in topical skin treatment formulations, in particular to treat acne.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 31.25 μg/ml, MIC/MBC is 0.25
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 28
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
6 of 14
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 3 - activity asainst P. acnes (other quinones)A series of quinones was tested with zinc pyrithione (ZP) in a similar manner to that described in Example 1. The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 4 below and the (S)DDA results in Tables 5 (unsupplemented assays) and 6 (assays supplemented with salt and lipid). All results are collated from a number of experiments.For the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc with the exception of 2-t-butyl-p-benzoquinone which was used at 50 μg per disc in unsupplemented and 100 μg per disc in supplemented assays. The test compounds were dissolved in DMSO, with the exception of /?-benzoquinone and thymoquinone which were dissolved in ethanol.Table 4 Table 5 (unsupplemented (S)DDAs)Table 6 (supplemented (S)DDAs) (SL-(S)DDA = (S)DDA carried out in the presence of salt and lipid)Again these data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction when a quinone is combined with zinc pyrithione, there being a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone. This synergistic interaction is maintained in nearly all cases in the presence of salt and lipid; furthermore the activity of the quinones alone appears in all cases to be enhanced by the presence of the supplements. Indeed, in some cases, for example the combination of 2-methyl-/?hydroquinone or 2- ethyl-p-hydroquinone with zinc pyrithione, antimicrobial synergy appears to be far more marked under the supplemented conditions than the unsupplemented ones, indicating the potential value of such a combination in topical skin treatment formulations, in particular to treat acne.
Results
unsupplemented disc diffusion assay value is 0.0 mm, supplemented (Triolein at 1percent v/v, sodium chloride, 100 mM) disc diffusion assay value is 26.16 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 28-30
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
7 of 14
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method
Example 8 - activity against P. acnes (other quinones)A number of different quinones was tested with both copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) and
(Pharmacological Data)
copper (II) silicate (CSL) against P. acnes NCTC 737 using (S)DDA tests as described in Example 1.For the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc, with the exception of copper (II) silicate (62 μg/disc) and 2-t-butyl-l,4- benzoquinone (100 μg/disc). The quinones were dissolved in DMSO and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water, whilst the copper (II) silicate was used as a 0.62 percent (w/w) solution in water.All the quinones were sourced from Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK with the exception of 2-t-butyl-l,4-benzoquinone (Sigma- Aldrich) and 2-ethyl-p-hydroquinone (Apin Chemicals Ltd, UK).The DDA results are shown in Table 13 below and the SDDA results in Tables 14 and 15 (unsupplemented assays) and 16 and 17 (supplemented assays).Table 13 f-lpercent(v/v) trioleinTable 14Table 15Table 16 (SL SDDA = SDDA with salt and lipid (1percent (v/v) triolein) supplements)Table 17(SL SDDA = SDDA with salt and lipid (1percent (v/v) triolein) supplements)These data demonstrate synergistic antimicrobial activity against P. acnes NCTC 737 for a range of different benzo- and hydroquinones with copper salts. On the whole these synergies are retained under the supplemented conditions.
Results
title compound demonstrated an antimicrobial activity with zone of diameter of 9.95 mm (DDA) and 33.74 mm (DDA + salt and lipid)
Location
Page/Page column 47-49
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
8 of 14
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 9 - activity against S. aureus (other quinones)Two further quinones, 2-methyl- and 2-ethyl:p-hydroquinone, were tested with both copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) and copper (II) silicate (CSL) against S. aureus ATCC 29213 using (S)DDA tests as described in Example 3.For the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc with the exception of copper (II) silicate which was added at 62 μg/disc. The quinones were dissolved in DMSO and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water, whilst the copper (II) silicate was used as a 0.62 percent (w/w) solution in water. All (S)DDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The DDA results are shown in Table 18 below and the SDDA results in Tables 19 and 20 (unsupplemented assays) and 21 and 22 (supplemented assays).Table 18Table 19Table 20 Table 21(SS SDDA = SDDA with salt and serum supplements)Table 22(SS SDDA = SDDA with salt and serum supplements)These data demonstrate that a synergistic antimicrobial interaction against S. aureus ATCC 29213 can be observed not only for TBHQ with copper salts but also for other benzo- and hydroquinones with copper salts. The synergies are retained under the supplemented conditions.
Results
title compound demonstrated an antimicrobial activity with zone of diameter of 24.12 mm (DDA) and 25.26 mm (DDA + salt and lipid)
Location
Page/Page column 49-51
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
9 of 14
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29213 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against S. aureus -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using the test compound benzoyl peroxide (BP) and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt, lipid and blood, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For most (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The exceptions were the thymoquinone assays, in which only 50 μg of the benzoquinone was used. The solvents used were DMSO (for benzoyl peroxide, 2-methyl-p- hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethyl-jy-hydroquinone and 2-ethyl-&jp-hydroquinone)
and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, phydroquinone, .pound.>-benzoquinone and thymohydroquinone).The MIC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 1 below and the SDDA results in Table 2. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 1* Data variable: synergy observed in some tests and not in othersTable 2 EPO The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that each of the benzo/hydroquinones alone is active against S. aureus ATCC 29213, some strongly so - in particular the substituted benzo/hydroquinones appear to be more active than their unsubstituted counterparts, as indicated by the MIC/MBC results. Activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt, lipid and serum. BP alone is much less, if at all, active against the organism.When BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone however, the SDDA data indicate a potential synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and blood, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 12.34 mm and the area increase 186.0 percent. EPO Thus in the presence of a suitable benzo/hydroquinone, the otherwise relatively inactive peroxide can be made very active against 5. aureus. Moreover this synergy is also likely to be retained on topical application to the skin.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 33-35
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
10 of 14
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29213 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against S. aureus -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as
described above, were carried out using the test compound benzoyl peroxide (BP) and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt, lipid and blood, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For most (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The exceptions were the thymoquinone assays, in which only 50 μg of the benzoquinone was used. The solvents used were DMSO (for benzoyl peroxide, 2-methyl-p- hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethyl-jy-hydroquinone and 2-ethyl-&jp-hydroquinone)
and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, phydroquinone, .pound.>-benzoquinone and thymohydroquinone).The MIC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 1 below and the SDDA results in Table 2. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 1* Data variable: synergy observed in some tests and not in othersTable 2 EPO The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that each of the benzo/hydroquinones alone is active against S. aureus ATCC 29213, some strongly so - in particular the substituted benzo/hydroquinones appear to be more active than their unsubstituted counterparts, as indicated by the MIC/MBC results. Activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt, lipid and serum. BP alone is much less, if at all, active against the organism.When BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone however, the SDDA data indicate a potential synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and blood, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 12.34 mm and the area increase 186.0 percent. EPO Thus in the presence of a suitable benzo/hydroquinone, the otherwise relatively inactive peroxide can be made very active against 5. aureus. Moreover this synergy is also likely to be retained on topical application to the skin.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 33-35
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
11 of 14
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29213 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against S. aureus -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using the test compound benzoyl peroxide (BP) and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt, lipid and blood, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For most (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The exceptions were the thymoquinone assays, in which only 50 μg of the benzoquinone was used. The solvents used were DMSO (for benzoyl peroxide, 2-methyl-p- hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethyl-jy-hydroquinone and 2-ethyl-&jp-hydroquinone)
and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, phydroquinone, .pound.>-benzoquinone and thymohydroquinone).The MIC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 1 below and the SDDA results in Table 2. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 1* Data variable: synergy observed in some tests and not in othersTable 2 EPO The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that each of the benzo/hydroquinones alone is active against S. aureus ATCC 29213, some strongly so - in particular the substituted benzo/hydroquinones appear to be more active than their unsubstituted counterparts, as indicated by the MIC/MBC results. Activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt, lipid and serum. BP alone is much less, if at all, active against the organism.When BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone however, the SDDA data indicate a potential synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and blood, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 12.34 mm and the area increase 186.0 percent. EPO Thus in the presence of a suitable benzo/hydroquinone, the otherwise relatively inactive peroxide can be made very active against 5. aureus. Moreover this synergy is also likely to be retained on topical application to the skin.
Results
title compound resulted in a 21.06 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA); title compound resulted in a 24.59 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of salt; title compound resulted in a 23.04 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of a lipid; title compound resulted in a 17.74 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of blood
Location
Page/Page column 33-35
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
12 of 14
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 737 of Propionibacterium acnes
Method
Example 6 - activity against P. acnes -MIC, MBC
(Pharmacological Data)
(S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used P. acnes NCTC 737 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using BP and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt and lipid, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO (for BP, 2,3-dimethyl-&jp-hydroquinone and hydroquinone) and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, p-hydroquinone axidp- benzoquinone).The MC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 7 below and the SDDA results in Table 8. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 7Table 8 EPO The data in Tables 7 and 8 show that each of the quinones alone is active against P. acnes ΗCC 737, some (in particular TBHQ, 2,3-dimethyl-p-hydroquinone and 2- ethyl-p-hydroquinone) strongly so. BP is also active against the organism, although less strongly than the more active quinones. In most cases quinone activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt and lipid, which are important constituents of the human skin environment. In some cases quinone activity appears to be potentiated by one or both of the supplements.Again when BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone, the SDDA data imply a potentially synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and lipid, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 18.34 mm and the area increase 419.8 percent.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 41-43
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
13 of 14
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 737 of Propionibacterium acnes
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 6 - activity against P. acnes -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used P. acnes NCTC 737 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described
above, were carried out using BP and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt and lipid, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound
was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO (for BP, 2,3-dimethyl-&jp-hydroquinone and hydroquinone) and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, p-hydroquinone axidp- benzoquinone).The MC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 7 below and the SDDA results in Table 8. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 7Table 8 EPO The data in Tables 7 and 8 show that each of the quinones alone is active against P. acnes ΗCC 737, some (in particular TBHQ, 2,3-dimethyl-p-hydroquinone and 2- ethyl-p-hydroquinone) strongly so. BP is also active against the organism, although less strongly than the more active quinones. In most cases quinone activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt and lipid, which are important constituents of the human skin environment. In some cases quinone activity appears to be potentiated by one or both of the supplements.Again when BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone, the SDDA data imply a potentially synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and lipid, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 18.34 mm and the area increase 419.8 percent.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
31.25 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 41-43
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
14 of 14
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 737 of Propionibacterium acnes
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 6 - activity against P. acnes -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used P. acnes NCTC 737 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described
above, were carried out using BP and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt and lipid, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound
was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO (for BP, 2,3-dimethyl-&jp-hydroquinone and hydroquinone) and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, p-hydroquinone axidp- benzoquinone).The MC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 7 below and the SDDA results in Table 8. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 7Table 8 EPO The data in Tables 7 and 8 show that each of the quinones alone is active against P. acnes ΗCC 737, some (in particular TBHQ, 2,3-dimethyl-p-hydroquinone and 2- ethyl-p-hydroquinone) strongly so. BP is also active against the organism, although less strongly than the more active quinones. In most cases quinone activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt and lipid, which are important constituents of the human skin environment. In some cases quinone activity appears to be potentiated by one or both of the supplements.Again when BP is combined with a
benzo/hydroquinone, the SDDA data imply a potentially synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and lipid, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 18.34 mm and the area increase 419.8 percent. Results
title compound resulted in a 9.90 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA); title compound resulted in a 9.38 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of salt; title compound resulted in a 0 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of a lipid
Location
Page/Page column 41-43
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Ecotoxicology (1) 1 of 1
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
electrophysiology; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
antenna of Tribolium confusum (du Val), flour beetle
Sex
male and female
Concentration (Ecotoxicology)
1 - 1E5 ng
Kind of Dosing (Ecotoxicology)
title comp. impregnated in a piece of 0.5-cm2 filter paper
Method (Ecotoxicology)
insect antenna mounted between 2 glass electrodes; exposed to title comp. puff by means of a stimulus controller; EAG responses recorded
Further Details (Ecotoxicology)
control: n-hexane; active control: 10 μg of title comp.; EAG: electroantennography
Comment (Ecotoxicology)
No effect
Reference
Verheggen; Ryne; Olsson; Arnaud; Lognay; Hoegberg; Persson; Haubruge; Loefstedt
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2007 , vol. 33, # 3 p. 525 - 539 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Other Data Use (33) Use Pattern
Reference
Antimicrobial
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Skin structure conditions
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Acne
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Eczema
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Superficial infected traumatic lesions
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
wounds
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Burns
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ;
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
ulcers
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Folliculitis
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Mycoses
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Acne lesions
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Bacteria associated with acne
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Skin conditions
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Staphylococcal infection
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Atopic dermatitis
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Primary skin infections
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Secondary skin infections
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Primary skin structure infections
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Secondary skin structure infections
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Acne-related scarring
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
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Hide facts Use Pattern
Reference
methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-associated infections
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
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Skin care
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
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SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ;
Hair care
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
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Cosmeceutical preparation
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
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Toiletry product
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Laundry product
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Fabric treatment product
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Bath additive
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Shower additive
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Cleansing preparation
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
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Horticultural product
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veterinary preparation
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Isolation from Natural Product (3) Isolation from Natural Product
Reference
Chavesincola inexpectabilis
Rocha, Daniele F.O.; Wouters, Felipe C.; Zampieri, Davila S.; Brocksom, Timothy J.; Machado, Glauco; Marsaioli, Anita J.
Molecules, 2013 , vol. 18, # 9 p. 11429 - 11451 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
in d. Sekreten v. Ohrwuermern
Schildknecht,H. et al.
Angewandte Chemie, 1963 , vol. 75, p. 762 - 771 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Abwehrblasen v. Forficula auricularia
Schildknecht; Kraemer
Z. Naturforsch., B: Anorg. Chem., Org. Chem., Biochem., Biophys.,, 1962 , vol. 17, p. 701 Full Text Show Details
Chemical Name:
16 prep
Identification
17
2-Propylhydroquinone
3
Reaxys Registry Number: 1941519
CAS Registry Number: 4693-31-6 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C9H12O2
Linear Structure Formula: C9H12O2
Molecular Weight: 152.193
InChI Key: NJRNUAVVFBHIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
out of 29 reactions.
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-Propylhydroquinone, n-propylhydroquinone, 2-propyl-hydroquinone, 2-Propyl-hydrochinon, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-propyl-benzol, 2-propylhydroquinone, 2-n-Propyl-hydrochinon Identification Substance Label (6) Label
Reference
3b
Ghandi, Mehdi; Shahidzadeh, Mansour
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2006 , vol. 691, # 23 p. 4918 - 4925 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
2b
Shahidzadeh, Mansour; Ghandi, Mehdi
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2001 , vol. 625, # 1 p. 108 - 111 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
3, R=CH2CH3
Ozaki, Yutaka; Hosoya, Ayako; Okamura, Kyouko; Kim, Sang-Won
Synlett, 1997 , vol. 1997, # 4 p. 365 - 366 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
n=3
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Ic
Kaufman et al.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1967 , vol. 32, p. 504 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Tab.II
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Armstrong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1960 , vol. 82, p. 1928,1932 Full Text Show Details
Patent-Specific Data (2) Related Markush Structure (RN)
Location in Patent
Reference
11326765
FORSKARPATENT I SYD AB
Patent: WO2004/2224 A1, 2004 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Claim
Matsuyama Petrochemicals Inc.; Maruzen Oil Co., Ltd.
Patent: US4189603 A1, 1980 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (9) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
Physical Data (11) Spectra (2) Bioactivity (2)
92 °C
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
88 - 90 °C
benzene
Kaufman et al.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1967 , vol. 32, p. 504 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
88 °C
benzene hexane
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
91.5 - 92 °C
H2O
Armstrong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1960 , vol. 82, p. 1928,1932 Full Text Show Details
89 - 90 °C
benzene petroleum ether
Eastman Kodak Co.
Patent: US2533203 , 1948 ;
88 °C
Kuroda; Wada
Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan), 1938 , vol. 34, p. 1740,1756,1758 Chem. Zentralbl., 1939 , vol. 110, # I p. 2792 Full Text Show Details
87 °C
Cruickshank; Robinson
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1938 , p. 2064,2066 Full Text Show Details
90 °C
benzene
Baddeley; Kenner
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1934 , p. 633 Full Text Show Details
86 °C
benzene
Johnson; Hodge
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1913 , vol. 35, p. 1019 Full Text Show Details
Full Text Show Details
Crystal Property Description (2) Colour & Other Properties
Reference
light-yellow
Ghandi, Mehdi; Shahidzadeh, Mansour
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2006 , vol. 691, # 23 p. 4918 - 4925 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Nadeln
Johnson; Hodge
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1913 , vol. 35, p. 1019 Full Text Show Details
Baddeley; Kenner
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1934 , p. 633 Full Text Show Details
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (1) Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Frequency (NMR Spectroscopy)
CD3 OD
400 MHz
Original Text (NMR Spectroscopy)
Signals
Kind of signal
Comment (NMR Spectroscopy)
Reference
NMR (400 MHz, CD3 OD) δ 6.56 (d, 1H), 6.51 (d, 1H), 6.43 (dd, 1H), 2.48 (t, 2H), 1.58 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, 3H)
6.56 ppm 6.51 ppm 6.43 ppm 2.48 ppm 1.58 ppm 0.96 ppm
d, 1H d, 1H dd, 1H t, 2H m, 2H t, 3H
Signals given
Merck and Co., Inc.
Patent: US6090836 A1, 2000 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
UV/VIS Spectroscopy (1) Description (UV/VIS Spectroscopy)
Solvent (UV/VIS Spectroscopy)
Reference
Spectrum
ethanol
Alexander; Barton
Biochemical Journal, 1943 , vol. 37, p. 463 Full Text Show Details
Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (2) 1 of 2
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Matsuyama Petrochemicals Inc.; Maruzen Oil Co., Ltd.
Patent: US4189603 A1, 1980 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Merck and Co., Inc.
Patent: US6090836 A1, 2000 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Johnson; Hodge
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1913 , vol. 35, p. 1019 Full Text Show Details
Baddeley; Kenner
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1934 , p. 633 Full Text Show Details
Cruickshank; Robinson
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1938 , p. 2064,2066 Full Text Show Details
Alexander; Barton
Biochemical Journal, 1943 , vol. 37, p. 463 Full Text Show Details
Eastman Kodak Co.
Patent: US2533203 , 1948 ; Full Text Show Details
Hiraiwa
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1940 , vol. 60, p. 569,574 Full Text Show Details
Kuroda; Wada
Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan), 1938 , vol. 34, p. 1740,1756,1758 Chem. Zentralbl., 1939 , vol. 110, # I p. 2792 Full Text Show Details
Kaufman et al.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1967 , vol. 32, p. 504 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Armstrong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1960 , vol. 82, p. 1928,1932 Full Text Show Details
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Ozaki, Yutaka; Hosoya, Ayako; Okamura, Kyouko; Kim, Sang-Won
Synlett, 1997 , vol. 1997, # 4 p. 365 - 366 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Shahidzadeh, Mansour; Ghandi, Mehdi
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2001 , vol. 625, # 1 p. 108 - 111 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ghandi, Mehdi; Shahidzadeh, Mansour
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2006 , vol. 691, # 23 p. 4918 - 4925 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
FORSKARPATENT I SYD AB
Patent: WO2004/2224 A1, 2004 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
2 of 2
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antifeedant
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Hylobius abietis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Structure Code name | Source* | AFI/ED 50 Compound type I DHCNOH Synthesis 0. 96 2. 0 hou HO- -A Cn-epox Synthesis 1. 000. 52 B2 Synthesis 0. 82 O. xx ... Her . B34 Synthesis 0. 59 i Ho Compound type II No.40 Synthesis 1. 00 CHO HO No.54 Synthesis 1. 00 Me No.55 Synthesis 0. 77 rr "HO No.56 Commercial 1. 00 C8, 068-7 CHO B5 alt. CE7 Synthesis 1. 00 Me Mea"- HO CE8 Synthesis 1. 00 Me CE10 Synthesis 0. 94 OMe CE11 Synthesis 1. 00 sqzCHO MeO+OMe CE14 Synthesis 0. 84 Mem OMe Compound type 111 oit No.3 Commercial 1. 00 met 39, 082-8 No.8 Commercial 1. 00 Me H 16, 737-1 + I OMe No.14 Commercial 0. 74 Me CHO 14, 375-8 Me OH No.18 Commercial 0. 74 i D4, 740-4 No.19 Synthesis 0. 42 OH OH No.22 Commercial 0. 87 Ruz 179-1 HO No.45 Commercial 1. 00 P4, 910-4 No.47 Synthesis 0. 94 OH OH i jfY OH No.51 Commercial 0. 83 T7, 650-3 oH o Hq Commercial 1. 00 Oxx XD H4, 700-3 _ B 11 Commercial 1. 00 CHO 10, 962-2 Me *The commercial chemicals are bought from Aldrich. Denominations are their catalogue numbers from the 2000-2001 catalogue. AFI in the table above has been determined in accordance with the following. In order to fulfil the need for testing small amounts of synthetic compounds and extracts a micro feeding test was developed. Alternative substrates for testing of antifeedant compounds with regard to the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, was searched for, as host plant-twigtest consumes too large amounts of compound for routine testing of series of synthetic compounds or extracts or their fractions. Furthermore, the twig cortex consumption a long time for exposure and determination. A simple set-up consisting of 5 x 5 mm
pieces of thin layer chromatography plates was made. They were used in pair for the choice of biotest, attached to a strip of double adhesive tape in a 9 cm Petri dish. After application of 1.5 [U. L] of 10 percent solutions and evaporation of the solvent, each plate obtained a 5 [J-D] amount of 1 M of succrose in water as feeding stimulant. A 1 day starvation which is enough for the twig test replaced a 6-7 days of starvation which gave a significant death prior to or after the test. The test period is 4 hrs, the plates and the animals were kept at [+25°C,] 65percent RH, 2000 lux and 20: 4 light: dark cycle. The correlation of biological non-eating activity with that of the twig test was excellent, which shows a good accuracy. For a simple comparison between different types of feeding tests, [ANTIFEEDANTINDEX,] AFI, was used: Amount fed at Control-Amount fed at Treatment [ AFI =] Amount fed at Control + Amount fed at Treatment An AFI = 1 indicates a total protection against feeding (feed intake) (maximal anti-gnaw effect), an AFI = 0 is no effect, while an AFI =-1 indicates perfect feed stimulation (i. e., gnawing). Results
AFI=0.94
Location
Page 11
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
potential area of application: agro
Reference
FORSKARPATENT I SYD AB
Patent: WO2004/2224 A1, 2004 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-isopropylhydroquinone
4
Reaxys Registry Number: 2043546
CAS Registry Number: 2349-71-5 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C9H12O2
Linear Structure Formula: C9H12O2
Molecular Weight: 152.193
InChI Key: HIGSPBFIOSHWQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
10 prep out of 23 reactions.
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-isopropylhydroquinone, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-isopropylbenzene, 2-Isopropylhydroquinone, isopropylhydroquinone, 2-isopropykhydroquinone, 2isopropyl-hydroquinone, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-isopropyl-benzol Identification Substance Label (9) Label
Reference
4c
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 2015 , vol. 94, # 1 p. 44 - 49 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
1d
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Murashima, Takashi; Yamada, Takashi
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Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Maeda, Yuki
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8c
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Murashima, Takashi; Yamada, Takashi
Tetrahedron Letters, 2007 , vol. 48, # 47 p. 8334 - 8337 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
table 5, R=i-Pr
Eloeve, Guelnur A.; Schauble, J. Herman
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 1987 , vol. 25, p. 194 - 200 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
3h
Dhekne et al.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1977 , vol. 15, p. 755 Full Text Show Details
Ib
Pilar,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3599 - 3606 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
III
Balba; Casida
Identification Physical Data (8) Spectra (2) Bioactivity (3)
25
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1968 , vol. 16, p. 561,562,563 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
I
Pospisil,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1966 , vol. 31, p. 98 - 105 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
4
Ryba,O. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1965 , vol. 30, p. 843 - 852 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Patent-Specific Data (1)
Location in Patent
Reference
Claim
Matsuyama Petrochemicals Inc.; Maruzen Oil Co., Ltd.
Patent: US4189603 A1, 1980 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Rhone-Poulenc Industries
Patent: US4487975 A1, 1984 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Huels Aktiengesellschaft
Patent: US4614808 A1, 1986 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
UOP Inc.
Patent: US4323714 A1, 1982 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (6) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
129.5 - 131 °C
chloroform Petroleum ether
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Maeda, Yuki
Tetrahedron, 2014 , vol. 71, # 23 p. 3915 - 3923 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
129.5 - 131 °C
Pilar,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3599 - 3606 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
127.5 - 130 °C
Balba; Casida
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1968 , vol. 16, p. 561,562,563 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
129.5 - 131 °C
benzene
Pospisil,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1966 , vol. 31, p. 98 - 105 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
130 - 131 °C
H2O
Bogoljubsski
Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 1962 , vol. 32, p. 869,870 J. Gen. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1962 , vol. 32, p. 862,863 Full Text Show Details
Bogoljubskii
J. Gen. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1962 , vol. 32, p. 869,862 Chem.Abstr., 1963 , vol. 58, # 2391 Full Text Show Details
130 - 131 °C
Bayrac
Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1895 , vol. <3> 13, p. 979 Annales de Chimie (Cachan, France), 1897 , vol. <7> 10, p. 66,73 Full Text Show Details
Crystal Property Description (1) Colour & Other Properties
Reference
Nadeln
Bogoljubsski
Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 1962 , vol. 32, p. 869,870 J. Gen. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1962 , vol. 32, p. 862,863 Full Text Show Details
Bayrac
Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1895 , vol. <3> 13, p. 979 Annales de Chimie (Cachan, France), 1897 , vol. <7> 10, p. 66,73 Full Text Show Details
Electrochemical Characteristics (1) Description (Electrochemical Characteristics)
Reference
polarographic half-wave potential
Ryba,O. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1965 , vol. 30, p. 843 - 852 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (2) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Frequency (NMR Spectroscopy)
Chemical shifts
1H
dimethylsulfoxide-d6
500 MHz
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Maeda, Yuki
Tetrahedron, 2014 , vol. 71, # 23 p. 3915 - 3923 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
13C
acetone-d6
Eloeve, Guelnur A.; Schauble, J. Herman
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 1987 , vol. 25, p. 194 - 200 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Reference
Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (3) 1 of 3
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Ryba,O. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1965 , vol. 30, p. 843 - 852 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Pospisil,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1966 , vol. 31, p. 98 - 105 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Pilar,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3599 - 3606 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Matsuyama Petrochemicals Inc.; Maruzen Oil Co., Ltd.
Patent: US4189603 A1, 1980 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Rhone-Poulenc Industries
Patent: US4487975 A1, 1984 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Huels Aktiengesellschaft
Patent: US4614808 A1, 1986 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Calcott; Tinker; Weinmayr
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1939 , vol. 61, p. 1010,1014 Full Text Show Details
Bush Inc.
Patent: US2291804 , 1939 ; Full Text Show Details
Bogoljubsski
Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 1962 , vol. 32, p. 869,870 J. Gen. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1962 , vol. 32, p. 862,863 Full Text Show Details
Zenker; Jorgensen
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1959 , vol. 24, p. 1351 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bayrac
Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1895 , vol. <3> 13, p. 979 Annales de Chimie (Cachan, France), 1897 , vol. <7> 10, p. 66,73 Full Text Show Details
Dhekne et al.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1977 , vol. 15, p. 755
Full Text Show Details
Vesely; Schmerling
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1970 , vol. 35, p. 4028,4030 Full Text Show Details
Balba; Casida
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1968 , vol. 16, p. 561,562,563 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bogoljubskii
J. Gen. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1962 , vol. 32, p. 869,862 Chem.Abstr., 1963 , vol. 58, # 2391 Full Text Show Details
Eloeve, Guelnur A.; Schauble, J. Herman
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 1987 , vol. 25, p. 194 - 200 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Murase; Shimizu; Hayashi
Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 1994 , vol. 58, # 5 p. 900 - 905 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Shadyro; Timoshchuk; Polozov; Povalishev; Andreeva; Zhelobkovich
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 1999 , vol. 33, # 7 p. 366 - 369 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Murashima, Takashi; Yamada, Takashi
Tetrahedron Letters, 2007 , vol. 48, # 47 p. 8334 - 8337 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
2 of 3
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Murashima, Takashi; Yamada, Takashi
Tetrahedron Letters, 2008 , vol. 49, # 1 p. 175 - 178 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
UOP Inc.
Patent: US4323714 A1, 1982 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Elam, Christopher; Lape, Michael; Deye, Joel; Zultowsky, Jodie; Stanton, David T.; Paula, Stefan
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2011 , vol. 46, # 5 p. 1512 - 1523 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Maeda, Yuki
Tetrahedron, 2014 , vol. 71, # 23 p. 3915 - 3923 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 2015 , vol. 94, # 1 p. 44 - 49 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
3 of 3
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
stimulation of nerve growth factor synthesis/secretion in mouse astroglial cells in culture
Reference
Murase; Shimizu; Hayashi
Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 1994 , vol. 58, # 5 p. 900 - 905 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical Name: tert-butylhydroquinone
5
Reaxys Registry Number: 637923
CAS Registry Number: 1948-33-0 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C10H14O2
Linear Structure Formula: C6H3C(CH3)3(OH)2 Molecular Weight: 166.22
InChI Key: BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms tert-butylhydroquinone, TBHQ Identification Substance Label (42) Label
Reference
21 prep out of 247 reactions.
Identification Physical Data (27) Spectra (31) Bioactivity (559) Other Data (94)
570
tBHQ
Shertzer, Howard G.; Vasiliou, Vasilis; Liu, Rui-Ming; Tabor, M. Wilson; Nebert, Daniel W.
Chemical Research in Toxicology, 1995 , vol. 8, # 3 p. 431 - 436 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Nakagawa, Yoshio
Toxicology Letters, 1996 , vol. 84, # 2 p. 63 - 68 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Dobo; Eastmond
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 1994 , vol. 24, # 4 p. 293 - 300 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Vasiliou, Vasilis; Shertzer, Howard G.; Liu, Rui-Ming; Sainsbury, Malcolm; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 50, # 11 p. 1885 - 1892 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Vasiliou, Vasilis; Puga, Alvaro; Chang, Ching-Yi; Tabor, M. Wilson; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 50, # 12 p. 2057 - 2068 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Schrenk, Dieter; Baus, Petra R.; Ermel, Nadine; Klein, Christopher; Vorderstemann, Birgit; Kauffmann, Hans-Martin
Toxicology Letters, 2001 , vol. 120, # 1-3 p. 51 - 57 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Lamb, John G.; Franklin, Michael R.
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2002 , vol. 16, # 4 p. 154 - 161 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solis, Willy A.; Dalton, Timothy P.; Dieter, Matthew Z.; Freshwater, Sarah; Harrer, Judy M.; He, Lei; Shertzer, Howard G.; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2002 , vol. 63, # 9 p. 1739 - 1754 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ma, Qiang; Kinneer, Krista; Ye, Jianping; Chen, Bruce J.
Molecular Pharmacology, 2003 , vol. 64, # 2 p. 211 - 219 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Sherratt, Philip J.; McLellan, Lesley I.; Hayes, John D.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2003 , vol. 66, # 1 p. 51 - 61 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Keum, Young-Sam; Han, Yong-Hae; Liew, Celine; Kim, Jung-Hwan; Xu, Changjiang; Yuan, Xiaoling; Shakarjian, Michael P.; Chong, Saeho; Kong, Ah-Ng
Pharmaceutical Research, 2006 , vol. 23, # 11 p. 2586 - 2594 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Apopa, Patrick L.; He, Xiaoqing; Ma, Qiang
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2008 , vol. 22, # 1 p. 63 - 76 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Wu, Jiaguo; Wang, Hongyan; Tang, Xiuwen
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2014 , vol. 452, # 3 p. 554 - 559 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chen, Jianping; Yan, Artemis L.; Lam, Kelly Y. C.; Lam, Candy T. W.; Li, Ning; Yao, Ping; Xiong, Aizhen; Dong, Tina T. X.; Tsim, Karl W. K.
Phytotherapy Research, 2014 , vol. 28, # 11 p. 1727 - 1730 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
China Pharmaceutical University; You, Qidong; Yang, Tingting; Sun, Haopeng; Xi, Meiyang; Zhu, Junfeng
Patent: CN105566323 A, 2016 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
TBHQ
Okubo, Tomoko; Nagai, Fumiko; Ushiyama, Keiko; Kano, Itsu
Toxicology Letters, 1997 , vol. 90, # 1 p. 11 - 18 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
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%t&BHQ
Xi, Mei-Yang; Sun, Zhong-Ying; Sun, Hao-Peng; Jia, Jian-Min; Jiang, Zheng-Yu; Tao, Lei; Ye, Ming; Yang, Xi; Wang, Ya-Jing; Xue, Xin; Huang, Jing-Jie; Gao, Yuan; Guo, Xiao-Ke; Zhang, Sheng-Lie; Yang, Ying-Rui; Guo, Qing-Long; Hu, Rong; You, Qi-Dong
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13
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6b
Gelis, Coralie; Bekkaye, Mathieu; Lebée, Clément; Blanchard, Florent; Masson, Géraldine
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t-BHQ
Anderson; Phillips
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7
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2c
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BHQ
Hasegawa, Masatoshi; Ishigami, Tomohiro; Ishii, Junichi
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86
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38
The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services; Zudaire, Enrique; Aparicio, Marta; Cuttitta, Frank
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4d
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei
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1e
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Murashima, Takashi; Yamada, Takashi
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1b
Jawale, Dhanaji V.; Gravel, Edmond; Geertsen, Valerie; Li, Haiyan; Shah, Nimesh; Namboothiri, Irishi N. N.; Doris, Eric
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4h
Komeyama, Kimihiro; Kashihara, Tetsuya; Takaki, Ken
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6f; 6g
Kidwai, Mazaahir; Jain, Arti; Sharma, Abha; Kuhad, Ramesh Chander
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VIII
Bausch and Lomb Incorporated
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15a
Zaytsev, Andrey V.; Anderson, Rosaleen J.; Bedernjak, Alexandre; Groundwater, Paul W.; Huang, Yongxue; Perry, John D.; Orenga, Sylvain; Dalbert-Roger, Celine; James, Arthur
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4a
Miyamura, Hiroyuki; Shiramizu, Mika; Matsubara, Ryosuke; Kobayashi, Shu
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Table 1, entry 3, subs.
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3
Huang, Wei; Song, Yuming; Wang, Jing; Cao, Guoying; Zheng, Zhuo
Tetrahedron, 2004 , vol. 60, # 46 SPEC. ISS. p. 10469 - 10477 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Storr, Tim; Merkel, Michael; Song-Zhao, George X.; Scott, Lauren E.; Green, David E.; Bowen, Meryn L.; Thompson, Katherine H.; Patrick, Brian O.; Schugar, Harvey J.; Orvig, Chris
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8d
Miyazawa, Toshifumi; Hamada, Manabu; Morimoto, Ryohei; Murashima, Takashi; Yamada, Takashi
Tetrahedron Letters, 2007 , vol. 48, # 47 p. 8334 - 8337 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
p-HO-m-t-BuC6H3OH
Shang, Yongjia; But, Tracy Yuen Sze; Togo, Hideo; Toy, Patrick H.
Synlett, 2007 , # 1 p. 67 - 70 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
XXIV
Cholli, Ashok L.; Kumar, Vijayendra; Kumar, Javant; Parmar, Virinder Singh; Samuelson, Lynne Ann; Bruno, Ferdinando F.
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NSC no. 4972
St. George, Stephanie; Bishop, Jeanette V.; Titus, Richard G.; Selitrennikoff, Claude P.
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1f
Ali, Mohammed Hashmat; Niedbalski, Melinda; Bohnert, Gary; Bryant, Daniel
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3c
Maeda, Chihiro; Shinokubo, Hiroshi; Osuka, Atsuhiro
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Tab. 2, entry 19, subs.
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1
Ponticelli, Fabio; Trendafilova, Antoaneta; Valoti, Massimo; Saponara, Simona; Sgaragli, GianPietro
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1d
Shivarama Holla; Narayana Poojary; Sooryanarayana Rao; Shivananda
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1g
Niedermeyer, Timo H. J.; Mikolasch, Annett; Lalk, Michael
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BQ
Philips; Burchill; O'Donoghue; Keller; Gonzalez
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educt to 14
Verboom, Renzo C.; Plietker, Bernd J.; Baeckvall, Jan-E.
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25
Martinez, Alicia; Urios, Amparo; Blanco, Manuel
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10
Michman, Michael; Oron, Miriam; Schaefer, Hans J.
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Table 1, TBHQ
Bock, Karl Walter; Eckle, Tilman; Ouzzine, Mohamed; Fournel-Gigleux, Sylvie
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QH2 4
Roginsky, Vitaly A.; Pisarenko, Leonid M.; Bors, Wolf; Michel, Christa
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C
Verevkin, Sergey P.
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THQ
Feng, Wei; Liu, Guohua; Xia, Ruohong; Abramson, Jonathan J.; Pessah, Isaac N.
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MTBHQ
Akasaka, Reiko; Teshima, Reiko; Kitajima, Satoshi; Momma, Junko; Inoue, Tohru; Kurokawa, Yuji; Ikebuchi, Hideharu; Sawada, Jun-ichi
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Akasaka; Teshima; Ikebuchi; Sawada
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Patent-Specific Data (4) Prophetic Compound
Related Markush Structure (RN)
Location in Patent
Reference
Page/Page column
Herrmann, Andreas; Berthier, Damien; Paret, Nicolas; Therrien, Mylène
Patent: US2014/275288 A1, 2014 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
11325124
Aasbo, Kari; Granli, Tom; Breivik, Harald
Patent: US2004/10166 A1, 2004 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
prophetic product
Claim
NIPPON SODA CO., LTD.
Patent: EP1113112 A1, 2001 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Givaudan Corporation
Patent: US4713473 A1, 1987 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
Patent: US5079000 A1, 1992 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
prophetic product
Ciba Geigy Corporation
Patent: US4519805 A1, 1985 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Adams Veterinary Research Laboratories
Patent: US4668666 A1, 1987 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Related Structure (1) Related Structure
Reference
Ueber ein ebenfalls unter dieser Konstitution beschriebenes Praeparat (F: 149-150grad); aus Hydrochinon und #tert!-Butylakohol mit Hilfe von ZnCl2 hergestellt).
Eastman Kodak Co.
Patent: US2511193 , 1947 ; Full Text Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (4) Melting Point
Reference
128 - 129 °C
Fujita; Sano
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1979 , vol. 44, p. 2647,2648, 2650 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
130 - 132 °C
Kikkawa et al.
Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1977 , p. 695,696 Full Text Show Details
128 °C
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Pilar et al.
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129 °C
Stroh et al.
Angewandte Chemie, 1957 , vol. 69, p. 699,700 Full Text Show Details
Adsorption (MCS) (2)
Description (Adsorption (MCS)) Further physical properties of the adsorbed molecule
Partner (Adsorption (MCS))
Solvent (Adsorption (MCS))
Temperature (Adsorption (MCS))
smooth platinum electrode
aq. HClO4
22.9 °C
Reference Soriaga, Manuel P.; Hubbard, Arthur T.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1982 , vol. 104, # 10 p. 2735 - 2742 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details Soriaga, Manuel P.; Hubbard, Arthur T.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1982 , vol. 104, # 14 p. 3937 - 3945 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Further physical properties of the adsorbed molecule
smooth platinum electrode, iodide ion
aq. HClO4
Soriaga, Manuel P.; Hubbard, Arthur T.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1982 , vol. 104, # 10 p. 2742 - 2747 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
22.9 °C
Chromatographic Data (2) Chromatographic data
Reference
TLC (Thin layer chromatography)
Noreen; Farman
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 28, # 5 p. 1007 - 1010 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography)
Wang, Peijin; Meng, Dongling; Yang, Yaling
Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 2013 , vol. 35, # 5 p. 1268 - 1274 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Conformation (1) Object of Investigation
Reference
Conformation
Ingold,K.U.; Taylor,D.R.
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1961 , vol. 39, p. 471 - 480 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Crystal Property Description (1) Colour & Other Properties
Location
Reference
white
Paragraph 0030; 0037; 0044; 0051
Guangzhou Taibang Food Technology Co., Ltd.; Lu, Junqing
Patent: CN103864581 B, 2016 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Dissociation Exponent (3) Dissociation Exponent (pK)
Dissociation Group
Temperature (Dissociation Exponent)
Solvent (Dissociation Exponent)
Method (Dissociation Exponent)
Type (Dissociation Exponent)
Comment (Dissociation Exponent)
10.7
OH
22 °C
H2O various solvent(s)
potentiometric
a1/thermodynamic
Dohrmann, Juergen K.; Bergmann, Barbara
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1995 , vol. 99, # 4 p. 1218 - 1227 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
13.6
OH
22 °C
H2O various solvent(s)
potentiometric
a2/thermodynamic
Dohrmann, Juergen K.; Bergmann, Barbara
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1995 , vol. 99, # 4 p. 1218 - 1227 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
(pk')pK(a)
Clemmer et al.
Inorganic Chemistry, 1979 , vol. 18, p. 2567,2570, 2571 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Electrochemical Characteristics (7) Description
Solvent
pH-Value
Temperature
Product XRN
Comment
Reference
(Electrochemical Characteristics)
(Electrochemical Characteristics)
(Electrochemical Characteristics)
(Electrochemical Characteristics)
(Electrochemical Characteristics)
Product
(Electrochemical Characteristics)
Reference
cyclovoltammetry
7
Saturated silver chloride electrode; potential diagram; 0.05 mol/L tris-HCl solution
dos Santos Moretti, Ederson; de Oliveira, Fernanda Midori; Scheel, Guilherme Luiz; DalĺAntônia, Luiz Henrique; Borsato, Dionísio; Kubota, Lauro Tatsuo; Segatelli, Mariana Gava; Tarley, César Ricardo Teixeira Electrochimica Acta, 2016 , vol. 212, p. 322 - 332 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
cyclovoltammetry
water
23 °C
Saturated silver chloride electrode; potential diagram; 0.10 M LiClO4 containing 0.10 M sodium dodecyl sulfate
Ziyatdinova; Saveliev; Evtugyn; Budnikov
Electrochimica Acta, 2014 , vol. 137, p. 114 - 120 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Electrochemical characteristics given
Wang, Jinyan; Zhang, Dongli; Chu, Qingcui; Ye, Jiannong
Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 28, # 2 p. 313 - 319 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
oxidation potential
acetonitrile
Akasaka, Reiko; Teshima, Reiko; Kitajima, Satoshi; Momma, Junko; Inoue, Tohru; Kurokawa, Yuji; Ikebuchi, Hideharu; Sawada, Jun-ichi
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oxidation potential
Yamamura; Nishiwaki; Tanigaki; Terauchi; Tomiyama; Nishiyama
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redox potential
acetic acid
20 °C
1860944
2-tert-butyl1,4benzoquinone
0.57 V Product: /BRN= 1860944/. No. of transm. electrons: 2. Method: coulometry. Description: against 0.5 M HClO4 relative to aq. AgCl electrode, reference electrode potential 0.212 V, indicator electrode platinum needle
Abdullin, I. F.; Bufatina, M. A.; Samuilov, Ya. D.; Budnikov, G. K.; Mannafov, T. G.
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Ryba,O. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1965 , vol. 30, p. 843 - 852 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
polarographic halfwave potential
Enthalpy of Formation (1) Enthalpy of Formation
Temperature (Enthalpy of Formation)
Pressure (Enthalpy of Formation)
Reference
-470400 Jmol-1
25 °C
750.06 Torr
Verevkin, Sergey P.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 1999 , vol. 1, # 1 p. 127 - 131 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Enthalpy of Fusion (1) Enthalpy of Fusion
Reference
27740 Jmol-1
Verevkin, Sergey P.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 1999 , vol. 1, # 1 p. 127 - 131
Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Further Information (2) Description (Further Information)
Reference
behaviour as inhibitor
Hwang, Hong-Sik; Winkler-Moser, Jill K.; Bakota, Erica L.; Berhow, Mark A.; Liu, Sean X.
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Further information
Isaguljanz et al.
J. Appl. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1964 , vol. 37, p. 2729,2689 Full Text Show Details
Liquid/Liquid Systems (MCS) (2) Description (Liquid/Liquid Systems (MCS))
Partner (Liquid/Liquid Systems (MCS))
Solvent (Liquid/Liquid Systems (MCS))
Distribution between solvent 1 + 2
sodium dodecyl sulfate
H2O
Pelizzetti, Ezio; Pramauro, Edmondo
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1984 , vol. 88, # 5 p. 990 996 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Distribution between solvent 1 + 2
hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide
H2O
Pelizzetti, Ezio; Pramauro, Edmondo
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1984 , vol. 88, # 5 p. 990 996 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Reference
Solubility (MCS) (1) Comment (Solubility (MCS))
Reference
insoluble in CDCl3
Hwang, Hong-Sik; Winkler-Moser, Jill K.
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Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (3) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Comment (NMR Spectroscopy)
Chemical shifts
1H
CDCl3
Kamitori, Yasuhiro; Hojo, Masaru; Masuda, Ryoichi; Izumi, Tatsuo; Tsukamoto, Shuichi
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1984 , vol. 49, # 22 p. 4161 - 4165 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Mure, Minae; Klinman, Judith P.
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Chemical shifts
13C
acetone-d6
Eloeve, Guelnur A.; Schauble, J. Herman
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 1987 , vol. 25, p. 194 - 200 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Yamamura; Nishiwaki; Tanigaki; Terauchi; Tomiyama; Nishiyama
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1995 , vol. 68, # 10 p. 2955 2960 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spin-spin coupling constants
CDCl3
1H-1H
Mure, Minae; Klinman, Judith P.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1995 , vol. 117, # 34 p. 8698 8706 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Reference
IR Spectroscopy (3) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Reference
ATR (attenuated total reflectance) Spectrum
Grecu, Tudor; Adams, Harry; Hunter, Christopher A.; McCabe, James F.; Portell, Anna; Prohens, Rafel
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Intensity of IR bands Bands Spectrum
Dereli; Erdogdu; Gulluoglu; Tuerkkan; Oezmen; Sundaraganesan
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IR
Ingold,K.U.; Taylor,D.R.
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1961 , vol. 39, p. 471 - 480 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Mass Spectrometry (2)
Description (Mass Spectrometry)
Reference
spectrum electron impact (EI)
Mure, Minae; Klinman, Judith P.
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spectrum
Mizuno, Masashi; Toda, Masaya; Danno, Gen-ichi; Kanazawa, Kazuki; Natake, Masato
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UV/VIS Spectroscopy (21) Description (UV/VIS Spectroscopy)
Solvent (UV/VIS Spectroscopy)
Absorption Maxima (UV/VIS)
Ext./Abs. Coefficient
Location
Reference
Spectrum
206 nm 227 nm 292 nm
Li, Jun; Bi, Yanlan; Liu, Wei; Sun, Shangde
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Spectrum
ethyl acetate
290 nm
Bekdeser, Burcu; Oezyuerek, Mustafa; Gueclue, Kubilay; Apak, Resat
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in the presence of additive(s) Spectrum
aq. buffer
290 nm
3000 l·mol-1cm-1
supporting information
Wang, Xiu Jun; Hayes, John D.; Higgins, Larry G.; Wolf, C. Roland; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T.
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Solvatochromism
acetic acid
296.1 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
acetone
326.7 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
acetonitrile
296.1 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
butan-1-ol
295.5 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
iso-butanol
297.1 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
chloroform
297.1 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
dichloromethane
297.5 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
diethyl ether
295 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
297.1 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
dimethyl sulfoxide
299.6 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
ethyl acetate
295 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
ethanol
295 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
hexane
298 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
methanol
295.5 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
pentan-1-ol
296.7 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
isopropyl alcohol
303.6 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Solvatochromism
water
292 nm
Azizi; Chaichi; Yousefi
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009 , vol. 73, # 1 p. 101 - 105 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Hide facts Solvent (UV/VIS Spectroscopy)
Absorption Maxima (UV/VIS)
various solvent(s)
290 nm
Comment (UV/VIS Spectroscopy)
Reference
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ESR Spectroscopy (1) Description (ESR Spectroscopy)
Reference
ESR
Foster et al.
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Raman Spectroscopy (1) Description (Raman Spectroscopy)
Reference
Raman
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Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (549) 1 of 549
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
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Bioactivities present
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L'OREAL S.A.
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RECKITT BENCKISER (AUSTRALIA) PTY LIMITED; RECKITT BENCKISER (UK) LIMITED
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Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
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GPC BIOTECH AG
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Bioactivities present
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L'Oreal S.A.
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E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY
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Giner, Victor Casana
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Bioactivities present
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Bioactivities present
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Bioactivities present
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9 of 549
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
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12 of 549
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
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13 of 549
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
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14 of 549
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
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Bioactivities present
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
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Journal of Animal Science, 2015 , vol. 93, # 8 p. 4070 - 4078 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Sivaraman, Balasubramanian; Shakila, Robinson Jeya; Jeyasekaran, Geevaretnam; Sukumar, Durairaj; Manimaran, Uthaman; Sumathi, Ganesan
Food Science and Biotechnology, 2016 , vol. 25, # 3 p. 665 - 672 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Goyal, Sumit; Goyal, Gyanendra Kumar
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2016 , vol. 56, # 8 p. 1253 - 1261 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Skouta, Rachid
Neural Regeneration Research, 2016 , vol. 11, # 4 p. 566 - 567 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kiewlicz, Justyna; Szymusiak, Henryk; Zieliński, Ryszard
Zywnosc. Nauka. Technologia. Jakosc/Food. Science Technology. Quality, 2015 , vol. 22, # 4 p. 188 - 200 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Muthusamy, Sasikumar; Peng, Cheng; Ng, Jack C.
Toxicology Research, 2016 , vol. 5, # 4 p. 1160 - 1171 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Sainsbury, Jeanine; Grypa, Roman; Ellingworth, John; Duodu, Kwaku G.; De Kock, Henriëtta L.
Food Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 213, p. 230 - 237 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Guitard, Romain; Paul, Jean-François; Nardello-Rataj, Véronique; Aubry, Jean-Marie
Food Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 213, p. 284 - 295 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Melo, Priscilla Siqueira; Arrivetti, Leandro de Oliveira Rodrigues; de Alencar, Severino Matias; Skibsted, Leif H.
Food Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 213, p. 440 - 449 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Delfanian, Mojtaba; Esmaeilzadeh Kenari, Reza; Sahari, Mohammad Ali
International Journal of Food Properties, 2016 , vol. 19, # 5 p. 958 - 973 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Joo, Min Sung; Kim, Won Dong; Lee, Ki Young; Kim, Ji Hyun; Koo, Ja Hyun; Kim, Sang Geon
Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2016 , vol. 36, # 14 p. 1931 - 1942 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Navas-Navarro, Paloma; Rojo-Ruiz, Jonathan; Rodriguez-Prados, Macarena; Ganfornina, María Dolores; Looger, Loren L.; Alonso, María Teresa; García-Sancho, Javier
Cell Chemical Biology, 2016 , vol. 23, # 6 p. 738 - 745 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Gabr, Ahmed M. M.; Mabrok, Hoda B.; Ghanem, Kadry Z.; Blaut, Michael; Smetanska, Iryna
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2016 , vol. 126, # 2 p. 255 - 267 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chen, Weimin; Li, Shanshan; Li, Jinwei; Zhou, Wen; Wu, Shouhai; Xu, Shengmei; Cui, Ke; Zhang, Donna D.; Liu, Bo
FASEB Journal, 2016 , vol. 30, # 7 p. 2500 - 2510 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Feng, Lifang; Shi, Chunwei; Bei, Ziye; Li, Yayun; Yuan, Dongxia; Gong, Yingchun; Han, Jianzhong
International Journal of Food Properties, 2016 , vol. 19, # 10 p. 2338 - 2348 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kaur, Davinder; Kaur, Arvinder; Arora, Saroj
SpringerPlus, 2016 , vol. 5, # 1 art. no. 1037 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Nejadmansouri, Maryam; Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad Hashem; Niakosari, Mehrdad; Yousefi, Gholam Hossein; Golmakani, Mohammad
Taghi
Food Hydrocolloids, 2016 , vol. 61, p. 801 - 811 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Xu, Li-Li; Zhang, Xian; Jiang, Zheng-Yu; You, Qi-Dong
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 24, # 16 p. 3540 - 3547 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
dos Santos Moretti, Ederson; de Oliveira, Fernanda Midori; Scheel, Guilherme Luiz; DalĺAntônia, Luiz Henrique; Borsato, Dionísio; Kubota, Lauro Tatsuo; Segatelli, Mariana Gava; Tarley, César Ricardo Teixeira
Electrochimica Acta, 2016 , vol. 212, p. 322 - 332 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Dadhania, Vivekkumar P.; Trivedi, Priyanka P.; Vikram, Ajit; Tripathi, Durga N.
Current Neuropharmacology, 2016 , vol. 14, # 6 p. 627 - 640 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
de Angelis-Pereira, Michel Cardoso; Barcelos, Maria de Fátima Piccolo; Pereira, Rafaela Corrêa; Pereira, Juciane de Abreu Ribeiro; de Sousa, Raimundo Vicente
Nutrition and Food Science, 2016 , vol. 46, # 4 p. 504 - 516 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Gelis, Coralie; Bekkaye, Mathieu; Lebée, Clément; Blanchard, Florent; Masson, Géraldine
Organic Letters, 2016 , vol. 18, # 14 p. 3422 - 3425 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Salami; Guinguina; Agboola; Omede; Agbonlahor; Tayyab
Animal, 2016 , vol. 10, # 8 p. 1375 - 1390 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Xu, Bing-Can; Long, Hui-Bao; Luo, Ke-Qin
Scientific Reports, 2016 , vol. 6, art. no. 29589 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Shi, Xiaojing; Li, Yang; Hu, Jun; Yu, Bo
International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2016 , vol. 38, # 1 p. 123 - 130 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Beker, Sabrina Anderson; da Silva, Yara Patricia; Bücker, Francielle; Cazarolli, Juciana Clarice; de Quadros, Patrícia Dörr; Peralba, Maria do Carmo Ruaro; Piatnicki, Clarisse Maria Sartori; Bento, Fátima Menezes
Fuel, 2016 , vol. 184, p. 701 - 707 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Beker, Sabrina Anderson; da Silva, Yara Patricia; Bücker, Francielle; Cazarolli, Juciana Clarice; de Quadros, Patrícia Dörr; Peralba, Maria do Carmo Ruaro; Piatnicki, Clarisse Maria Sartori; Bento, Fátima Menezes
Fuel, 2016 , vol. 184, p. 701 - 707 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Ooi; Eady; Cove; O'Neill
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2016 , vol. 71, # 7 p. 1841 - 1844 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Rashidi, Ladan; Gholami, Zahra; Nanvazadeh, Sara; Shabani, Zhila
Food Analytical Methods, 2016 , vol. 9, # 9 p. 2682 - 2690 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Nogueira; Kessuane; Lobo Ladd; Cogliati; Castro
British Journal of Nutrition, 2016 , vol. 116, # 2 p. 258 - 269 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Jin, Sang-Keun; Choi, Jung-Seok; Jeong, Jin-Yeon; Kim, Gap-Don
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2016 , vol. 96, # 12 p. 4089 - 4097 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Hawashin, Majed D.; Al-Juhaimi, Fahad; Ahmed, Isam A. Mohamed; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.
Meat Science, 2016 , vol. 122, p. 32 - 39 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Le Rouzic, Olivier; Koné, Bachirou; Kluza, Jerome; Marchetti, Philippe; Hennegrave, Florence; Olivier, Cécile; Kervoaze, Gwenola; Vilain, Eva; Mordacq, Clémence; Just, Nicolas; Perez, Thierry; Bautin, Nathalie; Pichavant, Muriel; Gosset, Philippe
Respiratory Research, 2016 , vol. 17, # 1 art. no. 94, p. 1 - 1 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Zhou, Jian; Xiong, Yun; Xu, Shihai
Fuel, 2016 , vol. 184, p. 808 - 814 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Zhou, Jian; Xiong, Yun; Xu, Shihai
Fuel, 2016 , vol. 184, p. 808 - 814 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Song, Hui-Peng; Wu, Si-Qi; Qi, Lian-Wen; Long, Fang; Jiang, Li-Feng; Liu, Ke; Zeng, Hao; Xu, Zhi-Meng; Li, Ping; Yang, Hua
Journal of Chromatography A, 2016 , vol. 1456, p. 176 - 186 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Van, Tho Dinh Son; Trung, Nghia Phan; Anh, Vu Nguyen; Lan, Huong Nguyen; Kim, Anh To
International Journal of Green Energy, 2016 , vol. 13, # 7 p. 720 - 729 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Dai, Yunlong; Li, Xueyan; Fan, Limei; Lu, Xiaojing; Kan, Xianwen
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2016 , vol. 86, p. 741 - 747 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Hajazimi, Ensieh; Landberg, Rikard; Zamaratskaia, Galia
LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 74, p. 128 - 134 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Nejadmansouri, Maryam; Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad Hashem; Niakosari, Mehrdad; Yousefi, Gholam Hossein; Golmakani, Mohammad Taghi
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2016 , vol. 506, p. 821 - 832 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Czaplicki; Tańska; Konopka
Italian Journal of Food Science, 2016 , vol. 28, # 3 p. 412 - 425 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Loboda, Agnieszka; Damulewicz, Milena; Pyza, Elzbieta; Jozkowicz, Alicja; Dulak, Jozef
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2016 , vol. 73, # 17 p. 3221 - 3247 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Guitard, Romain; Nardello-Rataj, Véronique; Aubry, Jean-Marie
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2016 , vol. 17, # 8 art. no. 1220 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Lee, Hanki; Jin, Wook; Jeong, Byeong-Chul; Suh, Joo-Won
Scientific Reports, 2016 , vol. 6, art. no. 30642 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Gao, Xiao-yun; Wang, Sheng-nan; Yang, Xiao-hong; Lan, Wen-jian; Chen, Zi-wei; Chen, Jing-kao; Xie, Jian-hui; Han, Yi-fan; Pi, Rong-biao; Yang, Xiao-bo
Neurochemical Research, 2016 , vol. 41, # 9 p. 2267 - 2277 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Saluja, Rajesh Kumar; Kumar, Vineet; Sham, Radhey
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016 , vol. 62, p. 166 - 181 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ebabe Elle, Raymond; Rahmani, Saher; Lauret, Céline; Morena, Marion; Bidel, Luc Philippe Régis; Boulahtouf, Abdelhay; Balaguer, Patrick; Cristol, Jean-Paul; Durand, Jean-Olivier; Charnay, Clarence; Badia, Eric
Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2016 , vol. 13, # 8 p. 2647 - 2660 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Figueroa, Johnny D.; Serrano-Illan, Miguel; Licero, Jenniffer; Cordero, Kathia; Miranda, Jorge D.; De Leon, Marino
Journal of Neurotrauma, 2016 , vol. 33, # 15 p. 1436 - 1449 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Karatoprak, Gökçe Şeker; Ilgün, Selen; Koşar, Müberra
Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016 , vol. 13, # 2 p. 201 - 212 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Massini, Laura; Rico, Daniel; Martin-Diana, Ana Belen; Barry-Ryan, Catherine
European Food Research and Technology, 2016 , vol. 242, # 9 p. 1459 - 1469 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Allard, Sébastien; Criquet, Justine; Prunier, Anaïs; Falantin, Cécilia; Le Person, Annaïg; Yat-Man Tang, Janet; Croué, Jean-Philippe
Water Research, 2016 , vol. 103, p. 453 - 461 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Zhang, Kai Ming; Wang, Jia Wan; Guo, Mei Li; Du, Wen Li; Wu, Rong Hua; Wang, Xian
Journal of Plant Physiology, 2016 , vol. 204, p. 1 - 7 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Allard, Sébastien; Criquet, Justine; Prunier, Anaïs; Falantin, Cécilia; Le Person, Annaïg; Yat-Man Tang, Janet; Croué, Jean-Philippe
Water Research, 2016 , vol. 103, p. 453 - 461 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Choi, Seung-Hyun; Kim, Jae-Min; Choi, Sun-Il; Jung, Tae-Dong; Oh, Ji-Won; Cho, Bong-Yeon; Lee, Jin-Ha; Lee, Ok-Hwan
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 2016 , vol. 45, # 7 p. 1065 - 1070 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Skowyra, Monika; Janiewicz, Urszula; Salejda, Anna Marietta; Krasnowska, Grazyna; Almajano, María Pilar
Food Technology and Biotechnology, 2015 , vol. 53, # 4 p. 419 - 427 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Hefnawy, Hefnawy T.; El-Shourbagy, Gehan A.; Ramadan, Mohamed Fawzy
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 2016 , vol. 10, # 3 p. 576 - 583 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Hosseinihashemi, Seyyed Khalil; Nazari, Latif; Lashgari, Amir; Salem, Mohamed Z.M.
BioResources, 2016 , vol. 11, # 1 p. 1505 - 1517 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ghorbani Gorji, Sara; Smyth, Heather E.; Sharma, Mary; Fitzgerald, Melissa
Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 56, p. 88 - 102 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Zhu, Xindi; Cheng, Yanling; Chen, Paul; Peng, Peng; Liu, Shiyu; Li, Dong; Ruan, Roger
Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2016 , vol. 37, p. 91 - 97 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ramalingam, Senthil; Rajendran, Silambarasan; Ganesan, Pranesh
Fuel, 2016 , vol. 185, p. 804 - 809 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ramalingam, Senthil; Rajendran, Silambarasan; Ganesan, Pranesh
Fuel, 2016 , vol. 185, p. 804 - 809 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Chakraborty, Kajal; Chakkalakal, Selsa J.; Joseph, Deepu
Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2016 , vol. 25, # 5 p. 666 - 683 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Jung, Ji Young; Park, Han-Min; Yang, Jae-Kyung
Wood Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 50, # 5 p. 1037 - 1055 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Mousavi, Seyedeh Neda; Koohdani, Fariba; Shidfar, Farzad; Shafiei-Neek, Leila
Journal of Family and Reproductive Health, 2016 , vol. 10, # 2 p. 85 - 91 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Bodoira, Romina M.; Penci, María C.; Ribotta, Pablo D.; Martínez, Marcela L.
LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2017 , vol. 75, p. 107 - 113 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kamps; Hoeks; Kung; Lens; McCloskey; Noordover; Heuts
Polymer Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 7, # 33 p. 5294 - 5303 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Sapawe; Samion, Syahrullail; Zulhanafi; Nor Azwadi; Hanafi
Tribology Transactions, 2016 , vol. 59, # 5 p. 883 - 888 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Dalefield, Rosalind R.; Gosse, Michelle A.; Mueller, Utz
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2016 , vol. 81, p. 146 - 154 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Zhou, Jing; Chao, Gao; Li, YuLei; Wu, Min; Zhong, ShuZhi; Feng, ZunYong
Neuroscience Letters, 2016 , vol. 632, p. 92 - 97 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Mittal, Smriti P.K.; Khole, Swati; Jagadish, Nidhi; Ghosh, Debjani; Gadgil, Vijay; Sinkar, Vilas; Ghaskadbi, Saroj S.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, 2016 , vol. 1860, # 11 p. 2377 - 2390 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Ban, Lan; Patel, Neil M.; Schroeder, William D.
JAOCS, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2016 , vol. 93, # 9 p. 1183 - 1190 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Sapawe; Samion, Syahrullail; Zulhanafi; Nor Azwadi; Hanafi
Tribology Transactions, 2016 , vol. 59, # 5 p. 883 - 888 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Mohan, Nimmy; Sudheesh; Francis, Nimmy; Anderson, Richard; Laishram, Rakesh S.
Nucleic Acids Research, 2015 , vol. 43, # 14 p. 7005 - 7020 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Ju, Yanlun; Zhang, Ang; Fang, Yulin; Liu, Min; Zhao, Xianfang; Wang, Hua; Zhang, Zhenwen
Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2016 , vol. 14, # 3 art. no. E0805, p. 13 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Rathod, Richa S.; Khaire, Amrita A.; Kale, Anvita A.; Joshi, Sadhana R.
Biochimie, 2016 , vol. 128-129, p. 201 - 208 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Wieczorek, Dorota; Marchut-Mikolajczyk, Olga; Strzelecki, Bartosz; Gajewska, Malgorzata; Polewczyk, Arkadiusz; Antczak, Tadeusz
International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 2016 , vol. 115, p. 205 - 211 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Masondo, Nqobile A.; Kulkarni, Manoj G.; Rengasamy, Kannan R.R.; Pendota, Srinivasa C.; Finnie, Jeffrey F.; Van Staden, Johannes
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2016 , vol. 38, # 10 art. no. 236 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Motamedi-Tehrani; Ebrahimi-Dorcheh; Malekpouri; Goli
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2016 , vol. 32, # 5 p. 906 - 912 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Tao, Chun; Chen, Juming; Huang, Aiwen; Zhang, Jing; Lin, Bing; Liu, Zhihong; Zhang, Minxin; Chen, Xu; Zeng, Lingjun; Zhang, Lingna; Song, Hongtao
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2016 , vol. 513, # 1-2 p. 255 - 261 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Giacobbo, Alexandre; Bernardes, Andréa Moura; de Pinho, Maria Norberta
Separation and Purification Technology, 2017 , vol. 173, p. 49 - 54 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Yu, Danmeng; Pu, Wenjun; Li, Dengwu; Wang, Dongmei; Liu, Qiaoxiao; Wang, Yongtao
Chemistry and Biodiversity, 2016 , vol. 13, # 9 p. 1140 - 1148 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Zhao, Yang; Liu, Dong; Proksch, Peter; Yu, Siwang; Lin, Wenhan
Chemistry and Biodiversity, 2016 , vol. 13, # 9 p. 1186 - 1193 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Czochara, Robert; Kusio, Jarosław; Symonowicz, Michał; Litwinienko, Grzegorz
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2016 , vol. 55, # 37 p. 9887 - 9894 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Yu, Yong-Jie; Ni, Sui; Wu, Fan; Sang, Wei-Guo
Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 2016 , vol. 19, # 5 p. 1170 - 1180 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Pinteus, Susete; Silva, Joana; Alves, Celso; Horta, André; Fino, Nádia; Rodrigues, Ana Inês; Mendes, Susana; Pedrosa, Rui
Food Chemistry, 2017 , vol. 218, p. 591 - 599 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Savoia, Dianella
Current Drug Targets, 2016 , vol. 17, # 6 p. 731 - 738 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Bhandari, Shiva Ram; Lee, Jun Gu
Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 2016, art. no. 5498618 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Im, Seon-Yeong; Jang, Ka-Hee; Farooq, Muhammad; Lee, Dong-Jin
Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 2016 , vol. 22, # 4 p. 327 - 336 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Devi, Anuchaya; Das, Vijay K.; Deka, Dhanapati
Fuel, 2017 , vol. 187, p. 306 - 314 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Jo, Cheorun; Khan, Faisal Fareed; Khan, Muhammad Issa; Iqbal, Javed
Food Reviews International, 2017 , vol. 33, # 1 p. 44 - 61 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
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Fuel, 2017 , vol. 187, p. 306 - 314 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Jadon, Nimisha; Jain, Rajeev; Sharma, Swati; Singh, Kshiti
Talanta, 2016 , vol. 161, p. 894 - 916 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Barthel, Sebastian Robert; Medvedev, Regina; Heinrich, Thekla; Büchner, Sarah Manon; Kettern, Nadja; Hildt, Eberhard
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2016 , vol. 73, # 21 p. 4121 - 4140 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Hussein, Ahmed M.S.; Lotfy, Shereen N.; Kamil, Mohie M.
International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2016 , vol. 9, # 8 p. 228 - 236 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Borjian Borojeni; Goli; Gharachourloo
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 18, # 6 p. 1531 - 1542 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Eça, Kaliana Sitonio; Sartori, Tanara; Menegalli, Florencia Cecilia
Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 2014 , vol. 17, # 2 p. 98 - 112 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Cortese-Krott, Miriam M; Pullmann, David; Feelisch, Martin
Pharmacological Research, 2016 , vol. 113, p. 490 - 499 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Czochara, Robert; Kusio, Jarosław; Symonowicz, Michał; Litwinienko, Grzegorz
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2016 , vol. 55, # 37 p. 9887 - 9894 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Thanksgiving Food Science and Tecnology Co., Ltd. of Dongguan City; Wang, Li
Patent: CN105294403 A, 2016 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Guangzhou Taibang Food Technology Co., Ltd.; Lu, Junqing
Patent: CN103864581 B, 2016 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
China Pharmaceutical University; You, Qidong; Yang, Tingting; Sun, Haopeng; Xi, Meiyang; Zhu, Junfeng
Patent: CN105566323 A, 2016 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Márquez-Mota, Claudia C.; Rodriguez-Gaytan, Cinthya; Adjibade, Pauline; Mazroui, Rachid; Gálvez, Amanda; Granados, Omar; Tovar, Armando R.; Torres, Nimbe
Nutrients, 2016 , vol. 8, # 9 art. no. 573 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Jiang, Jiang; Xiong, Youling L.
Meat Science, 2016 , vol. 120, p. 107 - 117 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Carlisi; Buttitta; Di Fiore; Scerri; Drago-Ferrante; Vento; Tesoriere
Cell Death and Disease, 2016 , vol. 7, # 4 art. no. E2194 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Rafiee, Zahra; Barzegar, Mohsen; Sahari, Mohammad Ali; Maherani, Behnoush
Food Chemistry, 2017 , vol. 220, p. 115 - 122 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Xu, Zhou; Wang, Handong; Wang, Bulei; Fu, Liang; Yuan, Ming; Liu, Jing; Zhou, Lijun; Ding, Chunbang
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2016 , vol. 92, p. 148 - 155 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Saddawi-Konefka, Robert; Seelige, Ruth; Gross, Emilie T.E.; Levy, Eric; Searles, Stephen C.; Washington, Allen; Santosa, Endi K.; Liu, Beichen; O'Sullivan, Timothy E.; Harismendy, Olivier; Bui, Jack D.
Cell Reports, 2016 , vol. 16, # 9 p. 2348 - 2358 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Wu, Long; Yin, Wenmin; Tang, Kun; Li, Dian; Shao, Kang; Zuo, Yunpeng; Ma, Jing; Liu, Jiawei; Han, Heyou
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2016 , vol. 933, p. 89 - 96 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
TANG, Jing-Jing; GENG, Xiao-Ting; WANG, Ya-Jing; ZHENG, Tian-Yu; LU, Jin-Rong; HU, Rong
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 2016 , vol. 14, # 6 p. 462 - 472 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Zhou, Jian; Xiong, Yun; Liu, Xiao
Fuel, 2017 , vol. 188, p. 61 - 68 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Zhou, Jian; Xiong, Yun; Liu, Xiao
Fuel, 2017 , vol. 188, p. 61 - 68 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Ghorbanpour; Hadian; Hatami; Salehi-Arjomand; Aliahmadi
Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2016 , vol. 15, # 59 p. 58 - 72 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Tang, Jing; Wang, Wei; Zheng, Shengbiao; Zhang, Yan; Wei, Jumeng; Wang, Jianfei
Food Analytical Methods, 2016 , vol. 9, # 11 p. 3044 - 3052 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Zhang; Han; Bridges; Dawson
Poultry Science, 2016 , vol. 95, # 10 p. 2435 - 2440 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Çelik, Mehmet
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016 , vol. 108, p. 1178 - 1189 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Song, JuHee; Jang, Eun Yeong; Kim, Mi-Ja; Kim, Young-Jun; Lee, JaeHwan
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 51, # 11 p. 2424 - 2432 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Çelik, Mehmet
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016 , vol. 108, p. 1178 - 1189 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Rafiquzzaman; Ahmad, Moin Uddin; Lee, Jong Min; Kim, Eun -Young; Kim, Young -Ok; Kim, Dong -Gyun; Kong, In -Soo
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2016 , vol. 40, # 5 p. 1074 - 1083 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Ashrafi, Reza; Yon, Marianne; Pickavance, Lucy; Yanni Gerges, Joseph; Davis, Gershan; Wilding, John; Jian, Kun; Zhang, Henggui; Hart, George; Boyett, Mark
Journal of Obesity, 2016 , vol. 2016, art. no. 7127898 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Li, Xinran; Chen, Fengli; Li, Shuangyang; Jia, Jun; Gu, Huiyan; Yang, Lei
Industrial Crops and Products, 2016 , vol. 94, p. 834 - 847 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Sharayei, Parvin; Farhoosh, Reza
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 118, # 10 p. 1495 - 1506 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Liu, Cuifang; Li, Jun; Bi, Yanlan; Wang, Xuede; Sun, Shangde; Yang, Guolong
Journal of Oleo Science, 2016 , vol. 65, # 9 p. 739 - 748 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Palliyaguru, Dushani L.; Chartoumpekis, Dionysios V.; Wakabayashi, Nobunao; Skoko, John J.; Yagishita, Yoko; Singh, Shivendra V.; Kensler, Thomas W.
Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2016 , vol. 101, p. 116 - 128 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Williams, Larissa M.; Lago, Briony A.; McArthur, Andrew G.; Raphenya, Amogelang R.; Pray, Nicholas; Saleem, Nabil; Salas, Sophia; Paulson, Katherine; Mangar, Roshni S.; Liu, Yang; Vo, Andy H.; Shavit, Jordan A.
Aquatic Toxicology, 2016 , vol. 180, p. 141 - 154 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Pal, Gaurav Kumar; Suresh
Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2016 , vol. 37, # Part B p. 201 - 215 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Gutsche, Katrin; Randi, Elisa B.; Blank, Volker; Fink, Daniel; Wenger, Roland H.; Leo, Cornelia; Scholz, Carsten C.
Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2016 , vol. 101, p. 129 - 142 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Stalter, Daniel; O'Malley, Elissa; Von Gunten, Urs; Escher, Beate I.
Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 2016 , vol. 2, # 5 p. 875 - 883 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Naskar, Sagar; Mazumder
Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2015 , vol. 14, # 2 p. 1 - 9 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Chen, Xin; Shi, Xianping; Zhao, Chong; Li, Xiaofen; Lan, Xiaoying; Liu, Shouting; Huang, Hongbiao; Liu, Ningning; Liao, Siyan; Zang, Dan; Song, Wenbin; Liu, Quentin; Carter, Bing Z.; Ping Dou; Wang, Xuejun; Liu, Jinbao
Oncotarget, 2014 , vol. 5, # 19 p. 9118 - 9132 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Singh, Bahaderjeet; Sharma, Prince; Kumar, Arun; Chadha, Pooja; Kaur, Ramandeep; Kaur, Amarjeet
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2016 , vol. 194, p. 450 - 456 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
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Materials Science and Engineering C, 2017 , vol. 71, p. 351 - 362 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Zhao, Gongling; Li, Bing; Guo, Yancheng
Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 2016 , vol. 38, # 4 p. 631 - 637 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Patra, Jayanta Kumar; Singdevsachan, Sameer Kumar; Swain, Manas Ranjan
Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech, 2016 , vol. 27, # 4 p. 29 - 33 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
El-Maati, Mohamed F. Abo; Mahgoub, Samir A.; Labib, Salah M.; Al-Gaby, Ali M.A.; Ramadan, Mohamed Fawzy
European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2016 , vol. 8, # 4 p. 494 - 504 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Liu; Shao; Bai
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 221, p. 1 - 11 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Singh Gurau, Virender; Agarwal, Mudit Shankar; Sarin, Amit; Sandhu, Sarbjot Singh
Energy and Fuels, 2016 , vol. 30, # 10 p. 8377 - 8385 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Kim, Ji-Sang
Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 2016 , vol. 21, # 3 p. 263 - 270 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Ishitsuka, Yosuke; Huebner, Aaron J.; Rice, Robert H.; Koch, Peter J.; Speransky, Vladislav V.; Steven, Alasdair C.; Roop, Dennis R.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2016 , vol. 136, # 8 p. 1656 - 1663 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Nasirizadeh, Navid; Ghaani, Masoud; Shekari, Zahra; Shateri-Khalilabad, Mohammad
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2016 , vol. 27, # 9 p. 1577 - 1586 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Bhandari, Shiva Ram; Cho, Myeong-Cheoul; Lee, Jun Gu
Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology, 2016 , vol. 57, # 5 p. 440 - 452 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Fang, Xiaoyi; Vitrac, Olivier
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2017 , vol. 57, # 2 p. 275 - 312 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Yoon; Choi; Lee
Cell Death and Disease, 2016 , vol. 7, # 2 art. no. E2093 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Holowiecki, Andrew; O'Shields, Britton; Jenny, Matthew J.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2016 , vol. 311, p. 74 - 87
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Nakagami, Yasuhiro
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016 , vol. 2016, art. no. 7469326 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Bossi, Elisabetta; Tana, Francesca; Punta, Carlo; Cigada, Alberto; De Nardo, Luigi
Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 2016 , vol. 10, p. 106 - 114 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Saundane, Anand Raghunath; Manjunatha, Yarlakatti
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 9, p. S501 - S509 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Abd-Elhakim, Yasmina M.; Mohamed, Wafaa A.M.
Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 98, # 10 p. 1227 - 1240 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Rakoczy, Roksana; Kopeć, Aneta; Piątkowska, Ewa; Smoleń, Sylwester; Skoczylas, Łukasz; Leszczyńska, Teresa; Sady, Włodzimierz
Biological Trace Element Research, 2016 , vol. 174, # 2 p. 347 - 355 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Williams, Larissa M.; Lago, Briony A.; McArthur, Andrew G.; Raphenya, Amogelang R.; Pray, Nicholas; Saleem, Nabil; Salas, Sophia; Paulson, Katherine; Mangar, Roshni S.; Liu, Yang; Vo, Andy H.; Shavit, Jordan A.
Aquatic Toxicology, 2016 , vol. 180, p. 141 - 154 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Suganya, Arumugampillai Manimehalai; Sanjivkumar, Muthusamy; Chandran, Manohar Navin; Palavesam, Arunachalam; Immanuel, Grasian
Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 2016 , vol. 84, p. 1300 - 1312 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Ishida, Takumi; Takechi, Shinji
PLoS ONE, 2016 , vol. 11, # 11 art. no. E0166100 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Mulvaney, Kathleen M.; Matson, Jacob P.; Siesser, Priscila F.; Tamir, Tigist Y.; Goldfarb, Dennis; Jacobs, Timothy M.; Cloer, Erica W.; Harrison, Joseph S.; Vaziri, Cyrus; Cook, Jeanette G.; Major, Michael B.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 291, # 45 p. 23719 - 23733 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Singh Gurau, Virender; Agarwal, Mudit Shankar; Sarin, Amit; Sandhu, Sarbjot Singh
Energy and Fuels, 2016 , vol. 30, # 10 p. 8377 - 8385 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Andersen, F. Alan; Bergfeld, Wilma F.; Belsito, Donald V.; Hill, Ronald A.; Klaassen, Curtis D.; Liebler, Daniel C.; Marks, James G.; Shank, Ronald C.; Slaga, Thomas J.; Snyder, Paul W.
International Journal of Toxicology, 2010 , vol. 29, # 6_suppl p. S221 - S243 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Kaur, Manjit; Badhan, Raj K.S.
Brain Research, 2017 , vol. 1654, p. 9 - 23 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Neale, Peta A.; Munz, Nicole A.; Aїt-Aїssa, Selim; Altenburger, Rolf; Brion, François; Busch, Wibke; Escher, Beate I.; Hilscherová, Klára; Kienle, Cornelia; Novák, Jiří; Seiler, Thomas-Benjamin; Shao, Ying; Stamm, Christian; Hollender, Juliane
Science of the Total Environment, 2017 , vol. 576, p. 785 - 795 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Sathiyamoorthi; Sankaranarayanan; Pitchandi
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017 , vol. 112, p. 1421 - 1432 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Zhang, Liu; Zhang, Hui; Li, Xueyan; Jia, Bingjie; Yang, Yuyu; Zhou, Ping; Li, Ping; Chen, Jun
Phytomedicine, 2016 , vol. 23, # 14 p. 1806 - 1813 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Gong, Amy G.W.; Huang, Vincent Y.; Wang, Huai Y.; Lin, Huang Q.; Dong, Tina T.X.; Tsim, Karl W.K.
PLoS ONE, 2016 , vol. 11, # 11 art. no. E0165486 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Benchekroun, Mohamed; Romero, Alejandro; Egea, Javier; León, Rafael; Michalska, Patrycja; Buendía, Izaskun; Jimeno, María Luisa; Jun, Daniel; Janockova, Jana; Sepsova, Vendula; Soukup, Ondrej; Bautista-Aguilera, Oscar M.; Refouvelet, Bernard; Ouari, Olivier; MarcoContelles, José; Ismaili, Lhassane
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 59, # 21 p. 9967 - 9973 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Rani, Savita; Khabiruddin
Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 32, # 5 p. 2803 - 2811 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Wang, Jian; Chen, Guo-Jun
Genes and Diseases, 2016 , vol. 3, # 3 p. 220 - 227 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Rahmanpour, Mahbobe S.; Khalilzadeh, Mohammad A.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Electrochemistry, 2016 , vol. 8, # 7 p. 922 - 930 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Power, Krista A.; Lu, Jenifer T.; Monk, Jennifer M.; Lepp, Dion; Wu, Wenqing; Zhang, Claire; Liu, Ronghua; Tsao, Rong; Robinson, Lindsay E.; Wood, Geoffrey A.; Wolyn, David J.
Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 2016 , vol. 60, # 11 p. 2396 - 2412 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Tarhan, Leman; Tongul, Burcu
International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 2017 , vol. 117, p. 1 - 7 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Eskin, Michael; Clough, Peter; List, Gary
Lipid Technology, 2016 , vol. 28, # 10-11 p. 180 - 183 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Su, Shiau-Tsz; Yeh, Chiu-Li; Hou, Yu-Chen; Pai, Man-Hui; Yeh, Sung-Ling
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2017 , vol. 40, p. 86 - 94 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Liu, Lei; Zhao, Yong-fu; Han, Wen-hao; Chen, Tao; Hou, Guo-xin; Tong, Xian-zhou
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2016 , vol. 9, # 11 p. 1101 - 1104 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Zhao, Jianying
Patent: CN105541560 A, 2016 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Sánchez-Rodríguez, Ricardo; Torres-Mena, Julia Esperanza; Quintanar-Jurado, Valeria; Chagoya-Hazas, Victoria; Rojas del Castillo, Emilio; del Pozo Yauner, Luis; Villa-Treviño, Saul; Pérez-Carreón, Julio Isael
Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2017 , vol. 102, p. 87 - 99 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Bioactivities present
Reference
Yang, Guanhui; Zhang, Yu; Huang, Yanshan; Shakir, Muhammad Imran; Xu, Yuxi
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2016 , vol. 18, # 46 p. 31361 - 31377 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Li, Jing; Zhou, Jun; Ye, Yuanhua; Liu, Qunying; Wang, Xiaojin; Zhang, Ning; Wang, Xietong
Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 2016 , vol. 81, # 6 p. 543 - 551 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Chen, Ni; Zhang, Rui; Konishi, Teruaki; Wang, Jun
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2017 , vol. 813, p. 10 - 17 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Kumar, Niraj
Fuel, 2017 , vol. 190, p. 328 - 350 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Kumar, Niraj
Fuel, 2017 , vol. 190, p. 328 - 350 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Akcan, Tolga; Estévez, Mario; Serdaroğlu, Meltem
LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2017 , vol. 77, p. 323 - 331 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Kong, Qingkun; Wang, Yanhu; Zhang, Lina; Ge, Shenguang; Yu, Jinghua
Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 2017 , vol. 243, p. 130 - 136 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Comin, Marina; de Souza, Ana C.D.; Roveda, Ana C.; Yahagi, Silvia S.; de Oliveira, Luiz H.; Amaral, Mariana S.; Silva, Cinthia A.A.; Fiorucci, Antonio R.; Gomes, Roberto S.; Caires, Anderson R.L.; Trindade, Magno A.G.
Fuel, 2017 , vol. 191, p. 275 - 282 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Comin, Marina; de Souza, Ana C.D.; Roveda, Ana C.; Yahagi, Silvia S.; de Oliveira, Luiz H.; Amaral, Mariana S.; Silva, Cinthia A.A.; Fiorucci, Antonio R.; Gomes, Roberto S.; Caires, Anderson R.L.; Trindade, Magno A.G.
Fuel, 2017 , vol. 191, p. 275 - 282 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Tanzadehpanah, Hamid; Asoodeh, Ahmad; Mahaki, Hanieh; Mostajabodave, Zeinab; Chamani, Jamshidkhan; Mojallal-Tabatabaei, Zahra; Emtenani, Shirin; Emtenani, Shamsi; Moradi, Mohammad-Reza
Process Biochemistry, 2016 , vol. 51, # 12 p. 2067 - 2075 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Rashed, Marwan M.A.; Tong, Qunyi; Abdelhai, Mandour H.; Gasmalla, Mohammed A.A.; Ndayishimiye, Jean B.; Chen, Long; Ren, Fei
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2016 , vol. 29, p. 39 - 47 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Wu, Zehong; Wang, Yongrui; Liu, Dong; Proksch, Peter; Yu, Siwang; Lin, Wenhan
Tetrahedron, 2016 , vol. 72, # 1 p. 50 - 57 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Chen, Jianping; Lam, Candy T. W.; Li, Zhonggui; Yao, Ping; Lin, Huangquan; Dong, Tina T. X.; Tsim, Karl W. K.
Phytotherapy Research, 2016 , vol. 30, # 2 p. 267 - 271 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Cabrera, Mauricio; Mastandrea, Ignacio; Otero, Gabriel; Cerecetto, Hugo; Gonzlez, Mercedes
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 24, # 8 p. 1665 - 1674 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment
physiological behaviour discussed
(Pharmacological Data) Reference
K-STEMCELL CO., LTD.; Ra, Jeong-Chan; Kang, Sung Keun; Jo, Jung Youn
Patent: US2016/90573 A1, 2016 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Ali, Tarik E.; El-Edfawy, Somaya M.
Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2016 , vol. 42, # 2 p. 1329 - 1347 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Guitard, Romain; Paul, Jean-François; Nardello-Rataj, Véronique; Aubry, Jean-Marie
Food Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 213, p. 284 - 295 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
China Pharmaceutical University; You, Qidong; Yang, Tingting; Sun, Haopeng; Xi, Meiyang; Zhu, Junfeng
Patent: CN105566323 A, 2016 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Kicel, Agnieszka; Michel, Piotr; Owczarek, Aleksandra; Marchelak, Anna; Zyzelewicz, Dorota; Budryn, Grazyna; Oracz, Joanna; Anna Olszewska, Monika
Molecules, 2016 , vol. 21, # 6 art. no. 688 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Xu, Li-Li; Zhang, Xian; Jiang, Zheng-Yu; You, Qi-Dong
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 24, # 16 p. 3540 - 3547 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Zhao, Yang; Liu, Dong; Proksch, Peter; Yu, Siwang; Lin, Wenhan
Chemistry and Biodiversity, 2016 , vol. 13, # 9 p. 1186 - 1193 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Gong, Amy G.W.; Huang, Vincent Y.; Wang, Huai Y.; Lin, Huang Q.; Dong, Tina T.X.; Tsim, Karl W.K.
PLoS ONE, 2016 , vol. 11, # 11 art. no. E0165486 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Benchekroun, Mohamed; Romero, Alejandro; Egea, Javier; León, Rafael; Michalska, Patrycja; Buendía, Izaskun; Jimeno, María Luisa; Jun, Daniel; Janockova, Jana; Sepsova, Vendula; Soukup, Ondrej; Bautista-Aguilera, Oscar M.; Refouvelet, Bernard; Ouari, Olivier; MarcoContelles, José; Ismaili, Lhassane
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 59, # 21 p. 9967 - 9973 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Yu, Danmeng; Pu, Wenjun; Li, Dengwu; Wang, Dongmei; Liu, Qiaoxiao; Wang, Yongtao
Chemistry and Biodiversity, 2016 , vol. 13, # 9 p. 1140 - 1148
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Saundane, Anand R.; Kalpana
Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2015 , vol. 24, # 4 p. 1681 - 1695 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Samatiwat, Papavee; Prawan, Auemduan; Senggunprai, Laddawan; Kukongviriyapan, Veerapol
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2015 , vol. 388, # 6 p. 601 - 612 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Chang, Ken-Ming; Liang, Fong-Pin; Chen, I-Li; Yang, Shyh-Chyun; Juang, Shin-Hun; Wang, Tai-Chi; Chen, Yeh-Long; Tzeng, Cherng-Chyi
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2015 , vol. 23, # 13 art. no. 12172, p. 3852 - 3859 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Shen, Tao; Jiang, Tao; Long, Min; Chen, Jun; Ren, Dong-Mei; Wong, Pak Kin; Chapman, Eli; Zhou, Bo; Zhang, Donna D.
Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, 2015 , vol. 23, # 8 p. 651 - 664 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Xu, Li-Li; Zhu, Jun-Feng; Xu, Xiao-Li; Zhu, Jie; Li; Xi, Mei-Yang; Jiang, Zheng-Yu; Zhang, Ming-Ye; Liu, Fang; Lu, Meng-Chen; Bao, Qi-Chao; Li, Qi; Zhang, Chao; Wei, Jin-Lian; Zhang, Xiao-Jin; Zhang, Lian-Shan; You, Qi-Dong; Sun, Hao-Peng
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2015 , vol. 58, # 14 p. 5419 - 5436 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Oda, Shingo; Fujiwara, Ryoichi; Kutsuno, Yuki; Fukami, Tatsuki; Itoh, Tomoo; Yokoi, Tsuyoshi; Nakajima, Miki
Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 2015 , vol. 43, # 6 p. 812 - 818 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Chang, Ken-Ming; Chen, Huang-Hui; Wang, Tai-Chi; Chen, I-Li; Chen, Yu-Tsen; Yang, Shyh-Chyun; Chen, Yeh-Long; Chang, Hsin-Huei; Huang, Chih-Hsiang; Chang, Jang-Yang; Shih, Chuan; Kuo, Ching-Chuan; Tzeng, Cherng-Chyi
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2015 , vol. 106, p. 60 - 74 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services; Zudaire, Enrique; Aparicio, Marta; Cuttitta, Frank
Patent: US9186365 B2, 2015 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
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Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Yuan, Yuan; Tian, Jun-Mian; Xiao, Jian; Shao, Qi; Gao, Jin-Ming
Natural Product Research, 2014 , vol. 28, # 4 p. 278 - 281 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
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Jiang, Zheng-Yu; Lu, Meng-Chen; Xu, Li-Li; Yang, Ting-Ting; Xi, Mei-Yang; Xu, Xiao-Li; Guo, Xiao-Ke; Zhang, Xiao-Jin; You, Qi-Dong; Sun, Hao-Peng
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2014 , vol. 57, # 6 p. 2736 - 2745 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Shimizu, Mai; Fukami, Tatsuki; Nakajima, Miki; Yokoi, Tsuyoshi
Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 2014 , vol. 42, # 7 p. 1103 - 1109 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Lu, Qiang-Qiang; Tian, Jun-Mian; Wei, Jing; Gao, Jin-Ming
Natural Product Research, 2014 , vol. 28, # 16 p. 1288 - 1292 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Wu, Jiaguo; Wang, Hongyan; Tang, Xiuwen
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2014 , vol. 452, # 3 p. 554 - 559 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Chen, Jianping; Yan, Artemis L.; Lam, Kelly Y. C.; Lam, Candy T. W.; Li, Ning; Yao, Ping; Xiong, Aizhen; Dong, Tina T. X.; Tsim, Karl W. K.
Phytotherapy Research, 2014 , vol. 28, # 11 p. 1727 - 1730 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Michel, Piotr; Dobrowolska, Anna; Kicel, Agnieszka; Owczarek, Aleksandra; Olszewska, Monika A.; Bazylko, Agnieszka; Granica, Sebastian; Piwowarski, Jakub P.
Molecules, 2014 , vol. 19, # 12 p. 20498 - 20520 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Masood, Nusrat; Luqman, Suaib
Combinatorial Chemistry and High Throughput Screening, 2014 , vol. 17, # 8 p. 718 - 722 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidative
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: ARE-luc-wt, ARE-luc-mt
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
10 μmol/l
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
relative fold activation related to: ARE-luciferase
Type (Pharmacological Data)
relative fold activation
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
14.9 fold
Reference
Wang, Rui; Paul, Valerie J.; Luesch, Hendrik
Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2013 , vol. 57, p. 141 - 153 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
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physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Zhou, Binhua; Li, Baojian; Yi, Wei; Bu, Xianzhang; Ma, Lin
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2013 , vol. 23, # 13 p. 3759 - 3763 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Kobayashi, Kaoru; Kajiwara, Eri; Ishikawa, Masayuki; Mimura, Hanaka; Oka, Hidenobu; Ejiri, Yoko; Hosoda, Masaya; Chiba, Kan
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 2013 , vol. 28, # 3 p. 265 - 268 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Saundane, Anand R.; Verma, Vaijinath A.; Vijaykumar, Katkar
Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2013 , vol. 22, # 8 p. 3787 - 3793 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Xi, Mei-Yang; Sun, Zhong-Ying; Sun, Hao-Peng; Jia, Jian-Min; Jiang, Zheng-Yu; Tao, Lei; Ye, Ming; Yang, Xi; Wang, Ya-Jing; Xue, Xin; Huang, Jing-Jie; Gao, Yuan; Guo, Xiao-Ke; Zhang, Sheng-Lie; Yang, Ying-Rui; Guo, Qing-Long; Hu, Rong; You, Qi-Dong
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2013 , vol. 66, p. 364 - 371 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Xi, Mei-Yang; Jia, Jian-Min; Sun, Hao-Peng; Sun, Zhong-Ying; Jiang, Jie-Wei; Wang, Ya-Jing; Zhang, Min-Ye; Zhu, Jun-Feng; Xu, Li-Li; Jiang, Zheng-Yu; Xue, Xin; Ye, Ming; Yang, Xi; Gao, Yuan; Tao, Lei; Guo, Xiao-Ke; Xu, Xiao-Li; Guo, Qing-Long; Zhang, Xiao-Jin; Hu, Rong; You, QiDong
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2013 , vol. 56, # 20 p. 7925 - 7938 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Zargoosh, Kiomars; Ghayeb, Yousef; Azmoon, Behnaz; Qandalee, Mohammad
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2013 , vol. 112, p. 1 - 6 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Sauer, Tanja; Raithel, Martin; Kressel, Juergen; Muench, Gerald; Pischetsrieder, Monika
Amino Acids, 2013 , vol. 44, # 6 p. 1427 - 1439 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Gharib; Badr; Al-Ghazali; Zahran
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2013 , vol. 56, # 1 p. 1 - 24 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme activity; inhibition of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tyrosinase
Results
molecular target: tyrosinase
Reference
Wu, Zhengrong; Zheng, Lifang; Li, Yang; Su, Feng; Yue, Xiaoxuan; Tang, Wei; Ma, Xiaoyan; Nie, Junyu; Li, Hongyu
Food Chemistry, 2012 , vol. 134, # 2 p. 1128 - 1131 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
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73 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme activity; inhibition of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tyrosinase
Type (Pharmacological Data)
IC50
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
Ca. 55 μmol/l
Reference
Wu, Zhengrong; Zheng, Lifang; Li, Yang; Su, Feng; Yue, Xiaoxuan; Tang, Wei; Ma, Xiaoyan; Nie, Junyu; Li, Hongyu
Food Chemistry, 2012 , vol. 134, # 2 p. 1128 - 1131 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
radical-scavenging
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
DPPH
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
comparative comp. dissolved in ethanol
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
DPPH: 1,1-di-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
Type (Pharmacological Data)
EC50
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
Ca. 11 μmol/l
Reference
Wu, Zhengrong; Zheng, Lifang; Li, Yang; Su, Feng; Yue, Xiaoxuan; Tang, Wei; Ma, Xiaoyan; Nie, Junyu; Li, Hongyu
Food Chemistry, 2012 , vol. 134, # 2 p. 1128 - 1131 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
radical scavenging
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
25 - 100 μg/ml
Method (Pharmacological Data)
name of assay/method: Hatano’s method
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
radical scavenging activity (RSA)
Type (Pharmacological Data)
RSA
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
86.44 - 94.06 percent
Reference
Saundane Anand; Walmik, Prabhaker
Indian Journal of Chemistry - Section B Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2012 , vol. 51, # 11 p. 1593 - 1606 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
radical scavenging
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Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
25 - 100 μg/ml
Method (Pharmacological Data)
name of assay/method: Hatanos method
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
radical scavenging activity (RSA)
Type (Pharmacological Data)
RSA
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
86.44 - 94.06 percent
Reference
Saundane Anand; Walmik, Prabhaker
Indian Journal of Chemistry - Section B Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2012 , vol. 51, # 11 p. 1593 - 1606 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
radical scavenging
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl
Type (Pharmacological Data)
IC50
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
14.64 μg/ml
Reference
Saundane Anand; Walmik, Prabhaker
Indian Journal of Chemistry - Section B Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2012 , vol. 51, # 11 p. 1593 - 1606 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
reducing power
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
potassium ferricyanide
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
20 - 80 μg/ml
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. in DMSO
Type (Pharmacological Data)
reducing power
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
0.88 - 1.308
Reference
Saundane Anand; Walmik, Prabhaker
Indian Journal of Chemistry - Section B Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2012 , vol. 51, # 11 p. 1593 - 1606 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
physiological behaviour discussed
Reference
Saundane Anand; Kalpana; Manjunatha, Yarlakatti
Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2012 , vol. 21, # 3 p. 193 - 200 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
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Effect (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2 response; activation of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y-Neh2-luc cells of human
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
16 μmol/l
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; activation rate related to: Neh2 domain of Nrf2
Type (Pharmacological Data)
activation rate
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
100 percent
Reference
Smirnova, Natalya A.; Haskew-Layton, Renee E.; Basso, Manuela; Hushpulian, Dmitry M.; Payappilly, Jimmy B.; Speer, Rachel E.; Ahn, Young-Hoon; Rakhman, Ilay; Cole, Philip A.; Pinto, John T.; Ratan, Rajiv R.; Gazaryan, Irina G.
Chemistry and Biology, 2011 , vol. 18, # 6 p. 752 - 765 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
embryonic fibroblast cells of C57BL/6 mouse; genetically modified/infected with: Nrf2+/+
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
MTT assay; Nrf2: nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2; test species pre-treated with 3 μM sulforaphane; the data presented represent LD50 of test species that had been primed with 3μM sulforaphane when expressed as a percentage of LD50 of test species that had not been primed, but were pre-treated with 0.1percent (v/v) DMSO
Type (Pharmacological Data)
relative increase in resistance
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
173 percent
Reference
Higgins, Larry G.; Hayes, John D.
Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2011 , vol. 192, # 1-2 p. 37 - 45 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
embryonic fibroblast cells of C57BL/6 mouse; genetically modified/infected with: Nrf2-/-
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
MTT assay; Nrf2: nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2; the data presented represent LD50 of test species for the title comp. expressed as a percentage of LD50 of Nrf2+/+ fibroblasts
Type (Pharmacological Data)
relative sensitivity
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
44 percent
Reference
Higgins, Larry G.; Hayes, John D.
Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2011 , vol. 192, # 1-2 p. 37 - 45 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem
mammary AREc32 cells of human
(Pharmacological Data)
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Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
ARE: antioxidant response element; CD: concentration of title comp. required to double luciferase reporter activity
Type (Pharmacological Data)
CD
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.4 μmol/l
Reference
Higgins, Larry G.; Hayes, John D.
Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2011 , vol. 192, # 1-2 p. 37 - 45 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
ARE-luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mammary AREc32 reporter cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: ARE-luciferase
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
5 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
ARE: antioxidant response element; test carried out in absence of CuCl2; control luciferase activity was set to 1.0; fold to control related to: luciferase
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold to control
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.1
Reference
Wang, Xiu Jun; Hayes, John D.; Higgins, Larry G.; Wolf, C. Roland; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T.
Chemistry and Biology, 2010 , vol. 17, # 1 p. 75 - 85 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
ARE-luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mammary AREc32 reporter cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: ARE-luciferase
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
5 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
ARE: antioxidant response element; test carried out in presence of CuCl2; control luciferase activity was set to 1.0; fold to control related to: luciferase
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold to control
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
32.6
Reference
Wang, Xiu Jun; Hayes, John D.; Higgins, Larry G.; Wolf, C. Roland; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T.
Chemistry and Biology, 2010 , vol. 17, # 1 p. 75 - 85 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological
ARE-luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Data)
84 of 549
85 of 549
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mammary AREc32 reporter cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: ARE-luciferase
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
5 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
ARE: antioxidant response element; test carried out in presence of CuCl2; cells pretreated with L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine plus serum for 24 h; control luciferase activity was set to 1.0; fold of control related to: luciferase
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold of control
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
70
Reference
Wang, Xiu Jun; Hayes, John D.; Higgins, Larry G.; Wolf, C. Roland; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T.
Chemistry and Biology, 2010 , vol. 17, # 1 p. 75 - 85 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
ARE-luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mammary AREc32 reporter cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: ARE-luciferase
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
5 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
ARE: antioxidant response element; test carried out in presence of CuCl2; cells pretreated with sulforaphane plus serum for 24 h; control luciferase activity was set to 1.0; fold of control related to: luciferase
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold of control
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
9
Reference
Wang, Xiu Jun; Hayes, John D.; Higgins, Larry G.; Wolf, C. Roland; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T.
Chemistry and Biology, 2010 , vol. 17, # 1 p. 75 - 85 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
ARE-luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mammary AREc32 reporter cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: ARE-luciferase
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
10 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
ARE: antioxidant response element; control luciferase activity was set to 1.0; fold to control related to: luciferase
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold to control
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Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
20
Reference
Wang, Xiu Jun; Hayes, John D.; Higgins, Larry G.; Wolf, C. Roland; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T.
Chemistry and Biology, 2010 , vol. 17, # 1 p. 75 - 85 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
ARE-luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mammary AREc32 reporter cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: ARE-luciferase
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
10 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
ARE: antioxidant response element; test carried out in presence of CoCl2; control luciferase activity was set to 1.0; fold to control related to: luciferase
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold to control
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
35
Reference
Wang, Xiu Jun; Hayes, John D.; Higgins, Larry G.; Wolf, C. Roland; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T.
Chemistry and Biology, 2010 , vol. 17, # 1 p. 75 - 85 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
ARE-luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mammary AREc32 reporter cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: ARE-luciferase
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
10 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
ARE: antioxidant response element; test carried out in presence of NiSO4; control luciferase activity was set to 1.0; fold to control related to: luciferase
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold to control
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
37
Reference
Wang, Xiu Jun; Hayes, John D.; Higgins, Larry G.; Wolf, C. Roland; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T.
Chemistry and Biology, 2010 , vol. 17, # 1 p. 75 - 85 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
ARE-luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mammary AREc32 reporter cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: ARE-luciferase
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
10 μmol/l
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Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
ARE: antioxidant response element; test carried out in presence of FeCl2; control luciferase activity was set to 1.0; fold to control related to: luciferase
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold to control
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
38
Reference
Wang, Xiu Jun; Hayes, John D.; Higgins, Larry G.; Wolf, C. Roland; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T.
Chemistry and Biology, 2010 , vol. 17, # 1 p. 75 - 85 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
heat-induced lipid oxidation; inhibition of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
eicosapentaenoic acid
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
20 - 400 μg/ml
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
PDP value is concentration-dependent and assay-dependent
Type (Pharmacological Data)
percent inhibition
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
16.2 - 74.5 percent
Reference
Rupasinghe, H. P. Vasantha; Erkan, Naciye; Yasmin, Afsana
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 58, # 2 p. 1233 - 1239 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
UV-induced lipid oxidation; inhibition of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
eicosapentaenoic acid
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
20 - 400 μg/ml
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
PDP value is concentration-dependent and assay-dependent
Type (Pharmacological Data)
percent inhibition
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
24.2 - 81.7 percent
Reference
Rupasinghe, H. P. Vasantha; Erkan, Naciye; Yasmin, Afsana
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 58, # 2 p. 1233 - 1239 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
AAPH-induced lipid oxidation; inhibition of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
eicosapentaenoic acid
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Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
20 - 400 μg/ml
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
PDP value is concentration-dependent and assay-dependent
Type (Pharmacological Data)
percent inhibition
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
57.9 - 77.8 percent
Reference
Rupasinghe, H. P. Vasantha; Erkan, Naciye; Yasmin, Afsana
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 58, # 2 p. 1233 - 1239 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2 signalling; activation of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
liver carcinoma HepG2 cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: FRET β-lactamase reporter system under control of ARE
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
test cells referred to as ARE-bla HepG2 cells; response ratio defined as FRET activity of Nrf2 GeneBlazer assay of title comp. divided by FRET activity at baseline; ARE: antioxidant response element; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; concentration at response ratio of 2 (CRR2); CRR2 related to: Nrf2
Type (Pharmacological Data)
CRR2
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
0.95 μmol/l
Reference
Wu, Raymond P.; Hayashi, Tomoko; Cottam, Howard B.; Jin, Guangyi; Yao, Shiyin; Wu, Christina C. N.; Rosenbach, Michael D.; Corr, Maripat; Schwab, Richard B.; Carson, Dennis A.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010 , vol. 107, # 16 p. 7479 - 7484 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
LD50: concentration that induces 50percent cytotoxicity; lethal concentration (LD)
Type (Pharmacological Data)
LD50
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
65 μmol/l
Reference
Wu, Raymond P.; Hayashi, Tomoko; Cottam, Howard B.; Jin, Guangyi; Yao, Shiyin; Wu, Christina C. N.; Rosenbach, Michael D.; Corr, Maripat; Schwab, Richard B.; Carson, Dennis A.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010 , vol. 107, # 16 p. 7479 - 7484 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
chronic lymphocytic leukemia peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
LD50: concentration that induces 50percent cytotoxicity; lethal concentration (LD)
Type (Pharmacological
LD50
Data)
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Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
6 μmol/l
Reference
Wu, Raymond P.; Hayashi, Tomoko; Cottam, Howard B.; Jin, Guangyi; Yao, Shiyin; Wu, Christina C. N.; Rosenbach, Michael D.; Corr, Maripat; Schwab, Richard B.; Carson, Dennis A.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010 , vol. 107, # 16 p. 7479 - 7484 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cell viability; inhibition of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
primary brain astrocytes of human
Results
no effect
Reference
Kim, Kyu-Han; Jeong, Jae-Yeon; Surh, Young-Joon; Kim, Kyu-Won
Nucleic Acids Research, 2010 , vol. 38, # 1 art. no. GKP865, p. 48 - 59 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cell viability; inhibition of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
primary cerebral astrocytes of mouse
Results
no effect
Reference
Kim, Kyu-Han; Jeong, Jae-Yeon; Surh, Young-Joon; Kim, Kyu-Won
Nucleic Acids Research, 2010 , vol. 38, # 1 art. no. GKP865, p. 48 - 59 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2-dependent transcriptional activation of ATF3 gene; increase of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
primary brain astrocytes of human; genetically modified/infected with: pATF3-3.6k-luc-mut
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
effect determined after 24 h incubation; ATF3: activating transcription factor 3; Nrf2: NF-E2-related factor 2
Results
no effect (related to ATF3 gene)
Reference
Kim, Kyu-Han; Jeong, Jae-Yeon; Surh, Young-Joon; Kim, Kyu-Won
Nucleic Acids Research, 2010 , vol. 38, # 1 art. no. GKP865, p. 48 - 59 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2-dependent transcriptional activation of ATF3 gene; increase of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
primary brain astrocytes of human; genetically modified/infected with: pATF3-3.6k-luc
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
effect determined after 24 h incubation; ATF3: activating transcription factor 3; Nrf2: NF-E2-related factor 2; fold increase related to: ATF3 gene
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold increase
Value of Type
2
(Pharmacological Data)
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Reference
Kim, Kyu-Han; Jeong, Jae-Yeon; Surh, Young-Joon; Kim, Kyu-Won
Nucleic Acids Research, 2010 , vol. 38, # 1 art. no. GKP865, p. 48 - 59 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
UGT1A10 mRNA; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
esophageal squamous carcinoma KYSE70 cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: human UGT1A10 500 bp fragment, pRL-TK
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
fold induction: luciferase activity relative to luciferase activity in test cells transfected with empty pGL3 vector
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold induction
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
2.5
Reference
Kalthoff, Sandra; Ehmer, Ursula; Freiberg, Nicole; Manns, Michael P.; Strassburg, Christian P.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 285, # 9 p. 5993 - 6002 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
UGT1A8 mRNA; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
esophageal squamous carcinoma KYSE70 cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: human UGT1A8 500 bp fragment, pRL-TK
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
fold induction: luciferase activity relative to luciferase activity in test cells transfected with empty pGL3 vector
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold induction
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
2.7
Reference
Kalthoff, Sandra; Ehmer, Ursula; Freiberg, Nicole; Manns, Michael P.; Strassburg, Christian P.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 285, # 9 p. 5993 - 6002 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
UGT1A9 mRNA; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
esophageal squamous carcinoma KYSE70 cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: human UGT1A9 530 bp fragment, pRL-TK
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
(Pharmacological Data)
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Results
no effect
Reference
Kalthoff, Sandra; Ehmer, Ursula; Freiberg, Nicole; Manns, Michael P.; Strassburg, Christian P.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 285, # 9 p. 5993 - 6002 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
UGT1A9 mRNA; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
esophageal squamous carcinoma KYSE70 cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: human UGT1A9 ARE-143 Thr137Gly mutant, pRL-TK
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
fold induction: luciferase activity relative to luciferase activity in test cells transfected with empty pGL3 vector
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold induction
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.8
Reference
Kalthoff, Sandra; Ehmer, Ursula; Freiberg, Nicole; Manns, Michael P.; Strassburg, Christian P.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 285, # 9 p. 5993 - 6002 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
UGT1A9 mRNA; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
esophageal squamous carcinoma KYSE70 cells of human; genetically modified/infected with: human UGT1A9 ARE-143 mut-like 1A10, pRL-TK
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
fold induction: luciferase activity relative to luciferase activity in test cells transfected with empty pGL3 vector
Type (Pharmacological Data)
fold induction
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
2.1
Reference
Kalthoff, Sandra; Ehmer, Ursula; Freiberg, Nicole; Manns, Michael P.; Strassburg, Christian P.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 285, # 9 p. 5993 - 6002 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
repression of NRF2; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
HeLa cells; genetically modified/infected with: pcDNA-Myc-His-KEAP1, HA-NRF2
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
KEAP1: adaptor of a Cul3-ubiquitin ligase complex that ubiquitinates NRF2 and marks it for proteasomal degradation; HA: hemagglutinin; NRF2: transcription factor; at 5 h; Western blot; effective concentration related to: NRF2
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Type (Pharmacological Data)
effective concentration
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
80 μmol/l
Reference
Fourquet, Simon; Guerois, Raphael; Biard, Denis; Toledano, Michel B.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 285, # 11 p. 8463 - 8471 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
repression of NRF2; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
HeLa cells; genetically modified/infected with: pcDNA-Myc-His-KEAP1, HA-NRF2
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
KEAP1: adaptor of a Cul3-ubiquitin ligase complex that ubiquitinates NRF2 and marks it for proteasomal degradation; HA: hemagglutinin; NRF2: transcription factor; at 5 h; Western blot
Results
molecular target: NRF2
Reference
Fourquet, Simon; Guerois, Raphael; Biard, Denis; Toledano, Michel B.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 285, # 11 p. 8463 - 8471 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
repression of NRF2; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
HeLa cells; genetically modified/infected with: pcDNA-Myc-His-KEAP1 Cys151S mutant, HA-NRF2
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
80 μmol/l
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
KEAP1: adaptor of a Cul3-ubiquitin ligase complex that ubiquitinates NRF2 and marks it for proteasomal degradation; HA: hemagglutinin; NRF2: transcription factor; at 5 h; Western blot
Results
no effect (related to NRF2)
Reference
Fourquet, Simon; Guerois, Raphael; Biard, Denis; Toledano, Michel B.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 285, # 11 p. 8463 - 8471 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
repression of NRF2; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
HeLa cells; genetically modified/infected with: pcDNA-Myc-His-KEAP1 Cys226S mutant, HA-NRF2
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
KEAP1: adaptor of a Cul3-ubiquitin ligase complex that ubiquitinates NRF2 and marks it for proteasomal degradation; HA: hemagglutinin; NRF2: transcription factor; at 5 h; Western blot; effective concentration related to: NRF2
Type (Pharmacological Data)
effective concentration
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
80 μmol/l
Reference
Fourquet, Simon; Guerois, Raphael; Biard, Denis; Toledano, Michel B.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 285, # 11 p. 8463 - 8471 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
repression of NRF2; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological
HeLa cells; genetically modified/infected with: pcDNA-Myc-His-KEAP1 Cys226S mutant, HA-NRF2
Data)
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Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
KEAP1: adaptor of a Cul3-ubiquitin ligase complex that ubiquitinates NRF2 and marks it for proteasomal degradation; HA: hemagglutinin; NRF2: transcription factor; at 5 h; Western blot
Results
molecular target: NRF2
Reference
Fourquet, Simon; Guerois, Raphael; Biard, Denis; Toledano, Michel B.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 285, # 11 p. 8463 - 8471 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
oxidative stability; increase of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
olive oil
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 ppm
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
comparative compound dissolved in DMSO
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
oxidative stability index for negative control: 22.00 h; negative control: vehicle
Type (Pharmacological Data)
oxidative stability index
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
32.33 h
Reference
Kiritsakis, Kostas; Kontominas; Kontogiorgis; Hadjipavlou-Litina; Moustakas; Kiritsakis
JAOCS, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2010 , vol. 87, # 4 p. 369 - 376 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
free-radical scavenging
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
DPPH radical
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
0.28 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMF
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
electron spin resonance-DPPH method; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
Type (Pharmacological Data)
inhibition rate
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
84.9 percent
Reference
El-Ebiary, Nora M. A.; Swellem, Randa H.; Mossa, Abdel-Tawab H.; Nawwar, Galal A. M.
Archiv der Pharmazie, 2010 , vol. 343, # 9 p. 528 - 534 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
free-radical scavenging
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
DPPH radical
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Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
0.28 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMF
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
electron spin resonance-DPPH method; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
Results
molecular target: DPPH radical
Reference
El-Ebiary, Nora M. A.; Swellem, Randa H.; Mossa, Abdel-Tawab H.; Nawwar, Galal A. M.
Archiv der Pharmazie, 2010 , vol. 343, # 9 p. 528 - 534 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
free-radical scavenging
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
hydrogen peroxide
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
20 - 100 μg/ml
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay; inhibitory concentration (IC)
Type (Pharmacological Data)
IC50
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
58.17 μg/ml
Reference
El-Ebiary, Nora M. A.; Swellem, Randa H.; Mossa, Abdel-Tawab H.; Nawwar, Galal A. M.
Archiv der Pharmazie, 2010 , vol. 343, # 9 p. 528 - 534 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
free-radical scavenging
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
hydrogen peroxide
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
20 - 100 μg/ml
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay
Type (Pharmacological Data)
scavenging rate
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15 - 74 percent
Reference
El-Ebiary, Nora M. A.; Swellem, Randa H.; Mossa, Abdel-Tawab H.; Nawwar, Galal A. M.
Archiv der Pharmazie, 2010 , vol. 343, # 9 p. 528 - 534 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
free-radical scavenging
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
hydrogen peroxide
Concentration (Pharmacological
20 - 100 μg/ml
Data)
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Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay
Results
molecular target: hydrogen peroxide
Reference
El-Ebiary, Nora M. A.; Swellem, Randa H.; Mossa, Abdel-Tawab H.; Nawwar, Galal A. M.
Archiv der Pharmazie, 2010 , vol. 343, # 9 p. 528 - 534 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 binding
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
IMR-32 cells; genetically modified/infected with: hNQO1-ARE-luc reporter gene construct
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
ARE-luciferase reporter gene assay; ARE: antioxidant response element; NQO: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase; luc: luciferase; effective concentration (EC)
Type (Pharmacological Data)
EC50
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
5 - 12 μmol/l
Reference
Hur, Wooyoung; Sun, Zheng; Jiang, Tao; Mason, Daniel E.; Peters, Eric C.; Zhang, Donna D.; Luesch, Hendrik; Schultz, Peter G.; Gray, Nathanael S.
Chemistry and Biology, 2010 , vol. 17, # 5 p. 537 - 547 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 binding
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
IMR-32 cells; genetically modified/infected with: hNQO1-ARE-luc reporter gene construct
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
ARE-luciferase reporter gene assay; ARE: antioxidant response element; NQO: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase; luc: luciferase
Results
molecular target: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
Reference
Hur, Wooyoung; Sun, Zheng; Jiang, Tao; Mason, Daniel E.; Peters, Eric C.; Zhang, Donna D.; Luesch, Hendrik; Schultz, Peter G.; Gray, Nathanael S.
Chemistry and Biology, 2010 , vol. 17, # 5 p. 537 - 547 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
chelating capacity
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
FeCl2-ferrozine
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
2 mg/ml
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
comparative comp. redissolved in methanol
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. chelating rate = 20.22 percent - 68.63 percent at 1 - 20 mg/mL
Type (Pharmacological Data)
chelating rate
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.61 percent
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Reference
Chen; Zhou; Qiu
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 22, # 9 p. 6867 - 6878 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
chelating capacity
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
FeCl2-ferrozine
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
2 mg/ml
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
comparative comp. redissolved in methanol
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. chelating rate = 41.56 percent - 75.46 percent at 1 - 20 mg/mL
Type (Pharmacological Data)
chelating rate
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.61 percent
Reference
Chen; Zhou; Qiu
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 22, # 9 p. 6867 - 6878 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
free radical scavenging
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
comparative comp. solution in DMSO
Type (Pharmacological Data)
EC50
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.4 μmol/l
Reference
Yi, Wei; Cao, Ri-Hui; Chen, Zhi-Yong; Yu, Liang; Ma, Lin; Song, Hua-Can
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2009 , vol. 57, # 11 p. 1273 - 1277 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
free radical scavenging capacity
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
DPPH radical
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μg/ml
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
DPPH: 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl
Type (Pharmacological Data)
percent inhibition
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
86.4 percent
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Reference
El-Massrry, Khaled F.; El-Ghorab, Ahmed H.; Shaaban, Hamdy A.; Shibamoto, Takayuki
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009 , vol. 57, # 12 p. 5265 - 5270 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
β-carotene bleaching; inhibition of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
β-carotene
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μg/ml
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
tested at 20 min
Type (Pharmacological Data)
percent inhibition
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
87.2 percent
Reference
El-Massrry, Khaled F.; El-Ghorab, Ahmed H.; Shaaban, Hamdy A.; Shibamoto, Takayuki
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009 , vol. 57, # 12 p. 5265 - 5270 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
β-carotene bleaching; inhibition of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
β-carotene
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μg/ml
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
tested at 120 min
Type (Pharmacological Data)
percent inhibition
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
Ca. 80 percent
Reference
El-Massrry, Khaled F.; El-Ghorab, Ahmed H.; Shaaban, Hamdy A.; Shibamoto, Takayuki
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009 , vol. 57, # 12 p. 5265 - 5270 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
free radical scavenging capacity
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
DPPH radical
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μg/ml
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
DPPH: diphenylpicrylhydrazyl
Type (Pharmacological Data)
percent inhibition
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
86.4 percent
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Reference
El-Massrry, Khaled F.; El-Ghorab, Ahmed H.; Shaaban, Hamdy A.; Shibamoto, Takayuki
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009 , vol. 57, # 12 p. 5265 - 5270 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2 protein expression; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
pRS-hNrf2 vectors transfected into human breast carcinoma MCF7 cells
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Generation of a stable cell line expressing a functional ARE-driven reporter trans-geneIn this study, a series of ARE-luciferase reporter plasmids containing either one, two, four, six or eight copies of the cis-element common to the rat GSTA2 and mouse gstal gene promoters were made. The ARE sequences are listed in Table 1. These reporter constructs were tested by transient transfection in MCF7 and HepG2 cells. As shown in Figure 2, increasing the number of copies of the ARE in the promoter of pGL3 had no significant effect on the basal level of luciferase activity observed under normal homeostatic conditions. However, there was a good correlation between the number of ARE copies in the pGL3 promoter vector and the level of induction of luciferase activity by tBHQ in the MCF7 cells. These results confirm the findings of Nguyen et al., 1994) in which it was demonstrated that transfection of multiple copies of the rat GSTA2-AKE increased the sensitivity of reporter gene activity (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) to tBHQ treatment.In order to choose an appropriate cell system for the generation of a stable reporter cell line, ρGL-GSX42.41bρ-ARE was transfected into HepG2, MCF7, CHO, Hepal cells. As shown in Table 2, in transient transfection experiments with this construct, luciferase activity in MCF7 cells was induced up to 50-fold after an overnight treatment with 50 μM tBHQ. By contrast, the reporter gene was only induced between 2- and 4-fold following similar transfection experiments in HepG2, CHO or Hepal cells. Thus, our results showed that MCF7 cells expresses Nrf2 and could provide a sensitive cell system for measuring ARE-driven transcription.We decided to employ pGL-8xARE, which contained eight tandemly arrayed copies of the minimal functional ARE, as the plasmid to generate a reporter stable cell line because this construct gave a reasonably high level of inducible luciferase production following treatment with tBHQ. To this end, pGL-8xARE and pCDNA3.1, which contained a neomycin selectable marker, were stably co- transfected into MCF7 cells and selected in the presence of G418. One hundred and fifty- three G418-resistant clones were isolated. After the first passage, thirty-two clones were kept for further monitoring according to their basal and inducible luciferase activity. Among them, one clone, defined as AREc32, showed low basal and high inducible luciferase activity, and also demonstrated a stable phenotype after more than 20 passages. The rest of the clones were discarded because they showed either a lower induction level (2- to 6-fold) by 10 μM tBHQ, or an unstable phenotype with more passages. Therefore, AREc32 cells were retained for further stud
Results
Nrf2 protein expression on both whole-cell (Cru) and nuclear extracts were detected after treatment with 10 μM title compound for 24 hours; figure is given
Location
Page/Page column 14; 22-26; 2/26
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
125 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
luciferase reporter activity; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
pGL3-nxARE constucts transfected into human breast carcinoma MCF7 cells
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Generation of a stable cell line expressing a functional ARE-driven reporter trans-geneIn this study, a series of ARE-luciferase reporter plasmids containing either one, two, four, six or eight copies of the cis-element common to the rat GSTA2 and mouse gstal gene promoters were made. The ARE sequences are listed in Table 1. These reporter constructs were tested by transient transfection in MCF7 and HepG2 cells. As shown in Figure 2, increasing the number of copies of the ARE in the promoter of pGL3 had no significant effect on the basal level of luciferase activity observed under normal homeostatic conditions. However, there was a good correlation between the number of ARE copies in the pGL3 promoter vector and the level of induction of luciferase activity by tBHQ in the MCF7 cells. These results confirm the findings of Nguyen et al., 1994) in which it was demonstrated that transfection of multiple copies of the rat GSTA2-AKE increased the sensitivity of reporter gene activity (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) to tBHQ treatment.In order to choose an appropriate cell system for the generation of a stable reporter cell line, ρGL-GSX42.41bρ-ARE was transfected into HepG2, MCF7, CHO, Hepal cells. As shown in Table 2, in transient transfection experiments with this construct, luciferase activity in MCF7 cells was induced up to 50-fold after an overnight treatment with 50 μM tBHQ. By contrast, the reporter gene was only induced between 2- and 4-fold following similar transfection experiments in HepG2, CHO or Hepal cells. Thus, our results showed that MCF7 cells expresses Nrf2 and could provide a sensitive cell system for measuring ARE-driven transcription.We decided to employ pGL-8xARE, which contained eight tandemly arrayed copies of the minimal functional ARE, as the plasmid to generate a reporter stable cell line because this construct gave a reasonably high level of inducible luciferase production following treatment with tBHQ. To this end, pGL-8xARE and pCDNA3.1, which contained a neomycin selectable marker, were stably co- transfected into MCF7 cells and selected in the presence of G418. One hundred and fifty- three G418-resistant clones were isolated. After the first passage, thirty-two clones were kept for further monitoring according to their basal and inducible luciferase activity. Among them, one clone, defined as AREc32, showed low basal and high inducible luciferase activity, and also demonstrated a stable phenotype after more than 20 passages. The rest of the clones were discarded because they showed either a lower induction level (2- to 6-fold) by 10 μM tBHQ, or an unstable phenotype with more passages. Therefore, AREc32 cells were retained for further stud
Results
when MCF7 cells transfected with 1x, 2x, 4x, 6x and 8x ARE copies in the pGL3 promoter vector, there was good correlation on the level of induction of luciferase activity by 50 μM title compound; pGL-8xARE transfected into human breast carcinoma MCF7 cells showed the highest level of luciferase activity in 50 μM title compound; figure is given
Location
Page/Page column 15; 22-26; 2/26
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
126 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological
pGL-GSTA2.41bp-ARE construct transfected into human breast carcinoma MCF7 cells
Data) Method (Pharmacological Data)
Generation of a stable cell line expressing a functional ARE-driven reporter trans-geneIn this study, a series of ARE-luciferase reporter plasmids containing either one, two, four, six or eight copies of the cis-element common to the rat GSTA2 and mouse gstal gene promoters were made. The ARE sequences are listed in Table 1. These reporter constructs were tested by transient transfection in MCF7 and HepG2 cells. As shown in Figure 2, increasing the number of copies of the ARE in the promoter of pGL3 had no significant effect on the basal level of luciferase activity observed under normal homeostatic conditions. However, there was a good correlation between the number of ARE copies in the pGL3 promoter vector and the level of induction of luciferase activity by tBHQ in the MCF7 cells. These results confirm the findings of Nguyen et al., 1994) in which it was demonstrated that transfection of multiple copies of the rat GSTA2-AKE increased the sensitivity of reporter gene activity (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) to tBHQ treatment.In order to choose an appropriate cell system for the generation of a stable reporter cell line, ρGL-GSX42.41bρ-ARE was transfected into HepG2, MCF7, CHO, Hepal cells. As shown in Table 2, in transient transfection experiments with this construct, luciferase activity in MCF7 cells was induced up to 50-fold after an overnight treatment with 50 μM tBHQ. By contrast, the reporter gene was only induced between 2- and 4-fold following similar transfection experiments in HepG2, CHO or Hepal cells. Thus, our results showed that MCF7 cells expresses Nrf2 and could provide a sensitive cell system for measuring ARE-driven transcription.We decided to employ pGL-8xARE, which contained eight tandemly arrayed copies of the minimal functional ARE, as the plasmid to generate a reporter stable cell line because this construct gave a reasonably high level of inducible luciferase production following treatment with tBHQ. To this end, pGL-8xARE and pCDNA3.1, which contained a neomycin selectable marker, were stably co- transfected into MCF7 cells and selected in the presence of G418. One hundred and fifty- three G418-resistant clones were isolated. After the first passage, thirty-two clones were kept for further monitoring according to their basal and inducible luciferase activity. Among them, one clone, defined as AREc32, showed low basal and high inducible luciferase activity, and also demonstrated a stable phenotype after more than 20 passages. The rest of the clones were discarded because they showed either a lower induction level (2- to 6-fold) by 10 μM tBHQ, or an unstable phenotype with more passages. Therefore, AREc32 cells were retained for further stud
Results
luciferase activity in MCF7 cells was induced up to 50-fold by overnight treatment with 50 μM title compound
Location
Page/Page column 22-26; 44-45
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
127 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
pGL-GSTA2.41bp-ARE construct transfected into human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Generation of a stable cell line expressing a functional ARE-driven reporter trans-geneIn this study, a series of ARE-luciferase reporter plasmids containing either one, two, four, six or eight copies of the cis-element common to the rat GSTA2 and mouse gstal gene promoters were made. The ARE sequences are listed in Table 1. These reporter constructs were tested by transient transfection in MCF7 and HepG2 cells. As shown in Figure 2, increasing the number of copies of the ARE in the promoter of pGL3 had no significant effect on the basal level of luciferase activity observed under normal homeostatic conditions. However, there was a good correlation between the number of ARE copies in the pGL3 promoter vector and the level of induction of luciferase activity by tBHQ in the MCF7 cells. These results confirm the findings of Nguyen et al., 1994) in which it was demonstrated that transfection of multiple copies of the rat GSTA2-AKE increased the sensitivity of reporter gene activity (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) to tBHQ treatment.In order to choose an appropriate cell system for the generation of a stable reporter cell line, ρGL-GSX42.41bρ-ARE was transfected into HepG2, MCF7, CHO, Hepal cells. As shown in Table 2, in transient transfection experiments with this construct, luciferase activity in MCF7 cells was induced up to 50-fold after an overnight treatment with 50 μM tBHQ. By contrast, the reporter gene was only induced between 2- and 4-fold following similar transfection experiments in HepG2, CHO or Hepal cells. Thus, our results showed that MCF7 cells expresses Nrf2 and could provide a sensitive cell system for measuring ARE-driven transcription.We decided to employ pGL-8xARE, which contained eight tandemly arrayed copies of the minimal functional ARE, as the plasmid to generate a reporter stable cell line because this construct gave a reasonably high level of inducible luciferase production following treatment with tBHQ. To this end, pGL-8xARE and pCDNA3.1, which contained a neomycin selectable marker, were stably co- transfected into MCF7 cells and selected in the presence of G418. One hundred and fifty- three G418-resistant clones were isolated. After the first passage, thirty-two clones were kept for further monitoring according to their basal and inducible luciferase activity. Among them, one clone, defined as AREc32, showed low basal and high inducible luciferase activity, and also demonstrated a stable phenotype after more than 20 passages. The rest of the clones were discarded because they showed either a lower induction level (2- to 6-fold) by 10 μM tBHQ, or an unstable phenotype with more passages. Therefore, AREc32 cells were retained for further stud
Results
luciferase activity in HepG2 cells was induced between 2- and 4-fold after an overnight treatment with 50 μM title compound
Location
Page/Page column 22-26; 44-45
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
128 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
pGL-GSTA2.41bp-ARE construct transfected into chinese hamster ovarian carcinoma CHO cells
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Generation of a stable cell line expressing a functional ARE-driven reporter trans-geneIn this study, a series of ARE-luciferase reporter plasmids containing either one, two, four, six or eight copies of the cis-element common to the rat GSTA2 and mouse gstal gene promoters were made. The ARE sequences are listed in Table 1. These reporter constructs were tested by transient transfection in MCF7 and HepG2 cells. As shown in Figure 2, increasing the number of copies of the ARE in the promoter of pGL3 had no significant effect on the basal level of luciferase activity observed under normal homeostatic conditions. However, there was a good correlation between the number of ARE copies in the pGL3 promoter vector and the level of induction of luciferase activity by tBHQ in the MCF7 cells. These results confirm the findings of Nguyen et al., 1994) in which it was demonstrated that transfection of multiple copies of the rat GSTA2-AKE increased the sensitivity of reporter gene activity (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) to tBHQ treatment.In order to choose an appropriate cell system for the generation of a stable reporter cell line, ρGL-GSX42.41bρ-ARE was transfected into HepG2, MCF7, CHO, Hepal cells. As shown in Table 2, in transient transfection experiments with this construct, luciferase activity in MCF7 cells was induced up to 50-fold after an overnight treatment with 50 μM tBHQ. By contrast, the reporter gene was only induced between 2- and 4-fold following similar transfection experiments in HepG2, CHO or Hepal cells. Thus, our results showed that MCF7 cells expresses Nrf2 and could provide a sensitive cell system for measuring ARE-driven transcription.We decided to employ
pGL-8xARE, which contained eight tandemly arrayed copies of the minimal functional ARE, as the plasmid to generate a reporter stable cell line because this construct gave a reasonably high level of inducible luciferase production following treatment with tBHQ. To this end, pGL-8xARE and pCDNA3.1, which contained a neomycin selectable marker, were stably co- transfected into MCF7 cells and selected in the presence of G418. One hundred and fifty- three G418-resistant clones were isolated. After the first passage, thirty-two clones were kept for further monitoring according to their basal and inducible luciferase activity. Among them, one clone, defined as AREc32, showed low basal and high inducible luciferase activity, and also demonstrated a stable phenotype after more than 20 passages. The rest of the clones were discarded because they showed either a lower induction level (2- to 6-fold) by 10 μM tBHQ, or an unstable phenotype with more passages. Therefore, AREc32 cells were retained for further stud Results
luciferase activity in CHO cells was induced between 2- and 4-fold after an overnight treatment with 50 μM title compound
Location
Page/Page column 22-26; 44-45
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
129 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
pGL-GSTA2.41bp-ARE construct transfected into mouse hepatoma Hepa1 cells
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Generation of a stable cell line expressing a functional ARE-driven reporter trans-geneIn this study, a series of ARE-luciferase reporter plasmids containing either one, two, four, six or eight copies of the cis-element common to the rat GSTA2 and mouse gstal gene promoters were made. The ARE sequences are listed in Table 1. These reporter constructs were tested by transient transfection in MCF7 and HepG2 cells. As shown in Figure 2, increasing the number of copies of the ARE in the promoter of pGL3 had no significant effect on the basal level of luciferase activity observed under normal homeostatic conditions. However, there was a good correlation between the number of ARE copies in the pGL3 promoter vector and the level of induction of luciferase activity by tBHQ in the MCF7 cells. These results confirm the findings of Nguyen et al., 1994) in which it was demonstrated that transfection of multiple copies of the rat GSTA2-AKE increased the sensitivity of reporter gene activity (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) to tBHQ treatment.In order to choose an appropriate cell system for the generation of a stable reporter cell line, ρGL-GSX42.41bρ-ARE was transfected into HepG2, MCF7, CHO, Hepal cells. As shown in Table 2, in transient transfection experiments with this construct, luciferase activity in MCF7 cells was induced up to 50-fold after an overnight treatment with 50 μM tBHQ. By contrast, the reporter gene was only induced between 2- and 4-fold following similar transfection experiments in HepG2, CHO or Hepal cells. Thus, our results showed that MCF7 cells expresses Nrf2 and could provide a sensitive cell system for measuring ARE-driven transcription.We decided to employ pGL-8xARE, which contained eight tandemly arrayed copies of the minimal functional ARE, as the plasmid to generate a reporter stable cell line because this construct gave a reasonably high level of inducible luciferase production following treatment with tBHQ. To this end, pGL-8xARE and pCDNA3.1, which contained a neomycin selectable marker, were stably co- transfected into MCF7 cells and selected in the presence of G418. One hundred and fifty- three G418-resistant clones were isolated. After the first passage, thirty-two clones were kept for further monitoring according to their basal and inducible luciferase activity. Among them, one clone, defined as AREc32, showed low basal and high inducible luciferase activity, and also demonstrated a stable phenotype after more than 20 passages. The rest of the clones were discarded because they showed either a lower induction level (2- to 6-fold) by 10 μM tBHQ, or an unstable phenotype with more passages. Therefore, AREc32 cells were retained for further stud
Results
luciferase activity in Hepa1 cells was induced between 2- and 4-fold after an overnight treatment with 50 μM title compound
Location
Page/Page column 22-26; 44-45
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
130 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidant response element-reporter human mammary carcinoma MCF7 cells (AREc32 cells) transiently transfected with the expression construct pHygEF-hNrf2
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Induction of ARE-driven Iuciferase activity in AREc32 cells is mediated by Nrf2In order to confirm that the Iuciferase activity in AREc32 cells was responsive to Nrf2, this CNC bZIP protein was over-expressed in AREc32 cells by transient transfection with the expression construct pHyg-EF-hNrf2. As shown in Figure 3, the control cells where no DNA was included in the transfection mix, gave 13-fold induction of Iuciferase activity when treated with 10 μM tBHQ. When 25 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2 plasmid DNA was used per well, neither the basal nor inducible Iuciferase activities were significantly affected. However, following transfection with 50 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2 per well, the basal level of Iuciferase activity increased to 2.6-fold, and the inducible level increased to 19-fold. Moreover, following transfection with 100 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2, the basal reporter gene activity increased to 4-fold and the inducible level to 25-fold. In different wells, the same amount of pEGFP-Nl, an EGFP expression vector, was transfected into AREc32 cells as a negative control. Neither the basal nor the inducible Iuciferase activities were significantly affected by over-expression of EGFP.To determine whether Nrf2 mediates induction of Iuciferase activity by tBHQ in AREc32 cells, an RNAi vector was used to knockdown its expression. Figure 3 B shows that transfection of AREc32 cells with either pRS-hNr.pound.2 or pRS-GFP vectors did not affect the level of GAPDH mRNA. However, 24h after transfection with pRS-Nrf2, the endogenous mRNA level for Nrf2 was reduced to nearly 40percent of control levels, but its abundance was not affected by transfection with the pRS-GFP vector (Figure 3B). This finding indicates that transfection of pRS-hNrfi specifically suppressed expression of the bZIP factor.Transfection of AREc32 cells with pRS-hNrf2 reduced the basal level of Iuciferase activity to 60percent of control levels (Figure 3C). When 25 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, the inducibility of Iuciferase activity was not affected significantly, compared to the control cells (10-fold induction) where no DNA was included in the transfection mix. When 50 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, induction of Iuciferase activity by 10 μM tBHQ was reduced to 8-fold. When 100 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, only 6-fold induction by tBHQ was detected. In different wells, the basal and inducible Iuciferase activity was not affected when AREc32 cells were transfected with the same amount of pRS-GFP DNA, which targeted GFP mRNA (Figure 3C). These data indicate both basal and inducible luciferase activities in AREc32 cells are mediated by Nrf2 through the ARE. .
Results
treatment with 10μM title compound and transfection with 25 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2 per well neither the basal nor inducible luciferase activities were significantly affected; with 50 and 100 ng pHyg-EF-hNrf2 per well, luciferase activity increased 2.6-fold and 4-fold while inducible level increased 19-fold and 25-fold, respectively; figure is given
Location
Page/Page column 15; 22-25; 27-28; 3/26
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
131 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
GAPDH mRNA level; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidant response element-reporter human mammary carcinoma MCF7 cells (AREc32 cells) transfected with pRS-hNrf2 vector
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Induction of ARE-driven Iuciferase activity in AREc32 cells is mediated by Nrf2In order to confirm that the Iuciferase activity in AREc32 cells was responsive to Nrf2, this CNC bZIP protein was over-expressed in AREc32 cells by transient transfection with the expression construct pHyg-EF-hNrf2. As shown in Figure 3, the control cells where no DNA was included in the transfection mix, gave 13-fold induction of Iuciferase activity when treated with 10 μM tBHQ. When 25 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2 plasmid DNA was used per well, neither the basal nor inducible Iuciferase activities were significantly affected. However, following transfection with 50 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2 per well, the basal level of Iuciferase activity increased to 2.6-fold, and the inducible level increased to 19-fold. Moreover, following transfection with 100 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2, the basal reporter gene activity increased to 4-fold and the inducible level to 25-fold. In different wells, the same amount of pEGFP-Nl, an EGFP expression vector, was transfected into AREc32 cells as a negative control. Neither the basal nor the inducible Iuciferase activities were significantly affected by over-expression of EGFP.To determine whether Nrf2 mediates induction of Iuciferase activity by tBHQ in AREc32 cells, an RNAi vector was used to knockdown its expression. Figure 3 B shows that transfection of AREc32 cells with either pRS-hNr.pound.2 or pRS-GFP vectors did not affect the level of GAPDH mRNA. However, 24h after transfection with pRS-Nrf2, the endogenous mRNA level for Nrf2 was reduced to nearly 40percent of control levels, but its abundance was not affected by transfection with the pRS-GFP vector (Figure 3B). This finding indicates that transfection of pRS-hNrfi specifically suppressed expression of the bZIP factor.Transfection of AREc32 cells with pRS-hNrf2 reduced the basal level of Iuciferase activity to 60percent of control levels (Figure 3C). When 25 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, the inducibility of Iuciferase activity was not affected significantly, compared to the control cells (10-fold induction) where no DNA was included in the transfection mix. When 50 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, induction of Iuciferase activity by 10 μM tBHQ was reduced to 8-fold. When 100 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, only 6-fold induction by tBHQ was detected. In different wells, the basal and inducible Iuciferase activity was not affected when AREc32 cells were transfected with the same amount of pRS-GFP DNA, which targeted GFP mRNA (Figure 3C). These data indicate both basal and inducible luciferase activities in AREc32 cells are mediated by Nrf2 through the ARE. .
Location
Page/Page column 15; 22-25; 27-28; 4/26
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
132 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2 mRNA level; reduction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidant response element-reporter human mammary carcinoma MCF7 cells (AREc32 cells) transfected with pRS-hNrf2 vector
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Induction of ARE-driven Iuciferase activity in AREc32 cells is mediated by Nrf2In order to confirm that the Iuciferase activity in AREc32 cells was responsive to Nrf2, this CNC bZIP protein was over-expressed in AREc32 cells by transient transfection with the expression construct pHyg-EF-hNrf2. As shown in Figure 3, the control cells where no DNA was included in the transfection mix, gave 13-fold induction of Iuciferase activity when treated with 10 μM tBHQ. When 25 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2 plasmid DNA was used per well, neither the basal nor inducible Iuciferase activities were significantly affected. However, following transfection with 50 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2 per well, the basal level of Iuciferase activity increased to 2.6-fold, and the inducible level increased to 19-fold. Moreover, following transfection with 100 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2, the basal reporter gene activity increased to 4-fold and the inducible level to 25-fold. In different wells, the same amount of pEGFP-Nl, an EGFP expression vector, was transfected into AREc32 cells as a negative control. Neither the basal nor the inducible Iuciferase activities were significantly affected by over-expression of EGFP.To determine whether Nrf2 mediates induction of Iuciferase activity by tBHQ in AREc32 cells, an RNAi vector was used to knockdown its expression. Figure 3 B shows that transfection of AREc32 cells with either pRS-hNr.pound.2 or pRS-GFP vectors did not affect the level of GAPDH mRNA. However, 24h after transfection with pRS-Nrf2, the endogenous mRNA level for Nrf2 was reduced to nearly 40percent of control levels, but its abundance was not affected by transfection with the pRS-GFP vector (Figure 3B). This finding indicates that transfection of pRS-hNrfi specifically suppressed expression of the bZIP factor.Transfection of AREc32 cells with pRS-hNrf2 reduced the basal level of Iuciferase activity to 60percent of control levels (Figure 3C). When 25 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, the inducibility of Iuciferase activity was not affected significantly, compared to the control cells (10-fold induction) where no DNA was included in the transfection mix. When 50 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, induction of Iuciferase activity by 10 μM tBHQ was reduced to 8-fold. When 100 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, only 6-fold induction by tBHQ was detected. In different wells, the basal and inducible Iuciferase activity was not affected when AREc32 cells were transfected with the same amount of pRS-GFP DNA, which targeted GFP mRNA (Figure 3C). These data indicate both basal and inducible luciferase activities in AREc32 cells are mediated by Nrf2 through the ARE. .
Results
24 h after transfection with pRS-Nrf2, the endogenous mRNA level for Nrf2 in 10 μM title compound was reduced to nearly 40percent of control levels; figure is given
Location
Page/Page column 15; 22-25; 27-28; 4/26
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
133 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or Test-
antioxidant response element-reporter human mammary carcinoma MCF7 cells (AREc32 cells) transfected with pRS-hNrf2 vector
System (Pharmacological Data) Method (Pharmacological Data)
Induction of ARE-driven Iuciferase activity in AREc32 cells is mediated by Nrf2In order to confirm that the Iuciferase activity in AREc32 cells was responsive to Nrf2, this CNC bZIP protein was over-expressed in AREc32 cells by transient transfection with the expression construct pHyg-EF-hNrf2. As shown in Figure 3, the control cells where no DNA was included in the transfection mix, gave 13-fold induction of Iuciferase activity when treated with 10 μM tBHQ. When 25 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2 plasmid DNA was used per well, neither the basal nor inducible Iuciferase activities were significantly affected. However, following transfection with 50 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2 per well, the basal level of Iuciferase activity increased to 2.6-fold, and the inducible level increased to 19-fold. Moreover, following transfection with 100 ng of pHyg-EF-hNrf2, the basal reporter gene activity increased to 4-fold and the inducible level to 25-fold. In different wells, the same amount of pEGFP-Nl, an EGFP expression vector, was transfected into AREc32 cells as a negative control. Neither the basal nor the inducible Iuciferase activities were significantly affected by over-expression of EGFP.To determine whether Nrf2 mediates induction of Iuciferase activity by tBHQ in AREc32 cells, an RNAi vector was used to knockdown its expression. Figure 3 B shows that transfection of AREc32 cells with either pRS-hNr.pound.2 or pRS-GFP vectors did not affect the level of GAPDH mRNA. However, 24h after transfection with pRS-Nrf2, the endogenous mRNA level for Nrf2 was reduced to nearly 40percent of control levels, but its abundance was not affected by transfection with the pRS-GFP vector (Figure 3B). This finding indicates that transfection of pRS-hNrfi specifically suppressed expression of the bZIP factor.Transfection of AREc32 cells with pRS-hNrf2 reduced the basal level of Iuciferase activity to 60percent of control levels (Figure 3C). When 25 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, the inducibility of Iuciferase activity was not affected significantly, compared to the control cells (10-fold induction) where no DNA was included in the transfection mix. When 50 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, induction of Iuciferase activity by 10 μM tBHQ was reduced to 8-fold. When 100 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, only 6-fold induction by tBHQ was detected. In different wells, the basal and inducible Iuciferase activity was not affected when AREc32 cells were transfected with the same amount of pRS-GFP DNA, which targeted GFP mRNA (Figure 3C). These data indicate both basal and inducible luciferase activities in AREc32 cells are mediated by Nrf2 through the ARE. .
Results
when 50 ng and 100 ng of pRS-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, induction of luciferase activity by 10 μM title compound was reduced to 8-fold and 6-fold, respectively; when 25 ng of pRs-hNrf2 DNA was used per well, induction of luciferase activity by 10 μM title compound was not significantly affected in comparison to the control cells; figure is given
Location
Page/Page column 15; 22-25; 27-28; 5/26
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
134 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
luciferase reporter activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidant response element-reporter human mammary carcinoma MCF7 cells (AREc32 cells)
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Time- and dose-dependent induction of luciferase in AREc32 cellsLuciferase activity in AREc32 cells could be induced by in a time- and dose- dependent manner; after treatment for 24h, luciferase activity was increased 2-fold by 1 μM tBHQ, and 5-fold by 5 μM tBHQ (see Figure 4A and Table 3). A maximum luciferase activity (around 10-fold increase) was seen following treatment with 10 μM tBHQ. Induction of luciferase activity by tBHQ was also timedependent; it increased 4-fold after 8h treatment with 10 μM tBHQ, and reached 10-fold 18h after treatment with the same dose of tBHQ. A similar magnitude of induction of luciferase activity in AREc32 cells was observed after 24h exposure to 10 μM sulforaphane (SUL), a potent NQOl and AKRlC enzyme inducer (Bonnesen et al., 2001).; Method: AREc32 cells were seeded out in 96 well plates and treated with DMSO (control), tBHQ (50 μM), tBHQ + BTB09463 (5 μM) or tBHQ + Retinoic acid (1 μM). After 24 hours incubation, cells were washed and lysed before measuring luciferase activity. BTB09463 is l{4-[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]phenyl}ethan-l-one.Results: Luciferase activity is highly inducible by tBHQ in the AREc32 reporter cell line, in this experiment showing a 14-fold induction of expression as compared to the DMSO control. Co-treatment with BTB09463 or Retinoic acid markedly suppressed this induction, by approximately 65percent and 75percent respectively. See Figure 14.
Results
induction of luciferase activity by title compound was time- and dose-dependent; after treatment for 24 h, luciferase activity increased by 2-fold and 5-fold after treatment with 1 and 5 μM title compound, respectively; additionally, induction of luciferase activity increased to 4-fold and 10-fold after 8 h and 18 h of treatment with 10 μM title compound, respectively; at 50 μM, title compound induced luciferase activity to 7.5-14-fold as compared to control; figures are given
Location
Page/Page column 16; 21-25; 28; 46; 6/26; 17/26
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
135 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
L-buthioninS,R-sulfoximine (BSO)-induced AKR1C mRNA espression; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidant response element-reporter human mammary carcinoma MCF7 cells (AREc32 cells)
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Activation of ARE-driven gene expression by anticancer drugs is redox dependentIn order to examine the whether cellular GSH level has any effect on the ability of anticancer drugs to activate luciferase activity, we pretreated AREc32 cells with 50 μM BSO for 24 h before challenging them with chemotherapeutic agents. As can be seen in Figure 5A, the pre-treatment with BSO caused the induction of luciferase activity by cisplatin and melphalan to be increased to 3and 5-fold, respectively. More remarkably, BSO caused the induction of luciferase activity by chlorambucil and BCNU to be increased to > 10-fold. Such inductions were nearly completely repressed by the addition of 5 mM NAC (Figure 5A). For the treatments of etopside and mitozantrone, we found that BSO pre-treatment did not change luciferase activity significantly (data not shown).To find out whether anticancer drugs similarly activate the expression of an endogenous Nrf2 -regulated gene, we examined expression of AKRlC in AREc32 cells. Without pre-treatment with BSO, the mRNA level of AKRlC was only slightly increased by the treatment of melphalan, cisplatin, chlorambucil. However, when the cells were pre-treated with 50 μM BSO for 24 h, melphalan and cisplatin increased the expression of AKRlC mRNA by 3- and 4-fold, respectively, and chlorambucil increased this mRNA 31 -fold (Figure 5B). Treatment with BCNU induced the expression of AKRlC mRNA 3-fold, and with pre-treatment of BSO BCNU induced AKRlC mRNA 42-fold (Figure 5B). Immunoblotting revealed that AKRlC protein was also increased by these anticancer drugs (Figure 5C). BSO pre-treatment did not further enhance the expression of AKRlC protein by tBHQ treatment. However, this is possibly because the induction of AKRlC by 10 μM tBHQ alone has already reached the maximum level.DISCUSSIONWe have generated a stable ARE-reporter human mammary cell line, AREc32, derived from MCF7 cells, in which only the minimal enhancer
sequence is present to direct expression of the luciferase trans-gene. The ARE employed for this purpose was designed around that found in the promoters of both rat GSTA2 and mouse gstal . In the case gstal, its basal and inducible expression has been shown to be regulated by Nrf2 in vivo (Chanas et al., 2002). We also used the ARE from the promoters of GSTA2 and gstal because, unlike that in human NQOl, it does not contain an embedded API site and the absence of this site within the ARE should facilitate interpretation of induction of reporter gene activity. We have shown that in the AREc32 cells expression of luciferase activity was mediated by Nrf2 and was sensitive to redox status. This cell line gave a 10-fold induction of reporter activity by 10 μM tBHQ, and therefore provides a good model system that can be used to screen chemical libraries in order to identify agonists and antagonists of Nrf2. Results
maximum level of AKR1C induction was reached by treatment with 10 μM title compound; BSO pretreatment did not further enhance the expression of AKR1C protein by title compound treatment; figure is given
Location
Page/Page column 16-17; 22-25; 29-30; 8/26
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
136 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced luciferase activity; suppression of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidant response element-reporter human mammary carcinoma MCF7 cells (AREc32 cells)
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Antagonism of inducible ARE-driven gene expression by all trans-retinoic acidThe MCF7-ARE reporter cell line was treated with a number of compounds known to activate the ARE including tBHQ, acrolein, β-naphthoflavone (NF) and SuI. As expected, all of these inducing agents increased luciferase activity in AREc32 cells (Figure 6). Treatment of AREc32 cells with tBHQ, acrolein, NF and SuI in the presence of lμM ATRA however significantly attenuated the increase in ARE-driven luciferase activity affected by the inducing agents. Indeed, following subtraction of the DMSO control from the values obtained, there was almost complete ablation of luciferase activity. In a subsequent experiment (shown in Figure 7A) we examined the dependence of inhibition of the AREdriven response on retinoic acid concentration and also the ability of other retinoid derivates to inhibit the ARE response. Interestingly, all 3 retinoids inhibited the ARE response in a similar dose- dependent manner, the IC50 values being approximately 3 x 10"7M. It is known that these three retinoid
derivatives all bind with approximately equal potency to the retinoic acid receptor suggesting that this mediates the responses observed. In addition, the time dependence of the inhibition of luciferase activity by retinoic acid was determined. As shown in Figure 7B, after a lag phase of approximately 3 hour, luciferase activity in tBHQ-treated cells increased almost linearly over a 24-hour period. However, when AREc32 cells were treated simultaneously with tBHQ and ATRA, the lag phase increased from 3 hour to 16 hours, and thereafter only a modest increase in luciferase activity was between 16 and 24 hours. Results
in the presence of 1 μM all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), title compound significantly suppressed the increase in luciferase activity of AREc32 cells; after a lag phase of ~3 h, luciferase activity in title compound treated cells increased almost linearly over a 24-hour period; figures are given
Location
Page/Page column 17-18; 30-34; 9/26 - 10/26
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
137 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
AKR1C1 gene expression; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidant response element-reporter human mammary carcinoma MCF7 cells (AREc32 cells)
Method (Pharmacological Data)
All trans-retinoic acid prevents induction of endogenous genes by tBHQIn order to establish whether retinoic acid could inhibit the expression of endogenous genes regulated through the ARE, we investigated the effects of ATRA on the induction of the AKRlCl gene by tBHQ (Figure 8A). In this experiment tBHQ induced the expression of AKRlCl mRNA by approximately 15-fold and this induction was markedly repressed (to just 3-fold induction) by co-incubation with retinoic acid. After subtracting the DMSO control, the inhibition was estimated to be approximately 85percent. We then investigated the effect of ATRA on the induction of AKRlC protein by Western Blot analysis. As can be seen in Figure 8B, the level of this protein was also markedly reduced. Scanning of the Western blots indicated that this reduction was approximately 50percent; this apparent discrepancy between the TaqMan and immunoblotting data is probably due to a lack of specificity in the antibody raised against AKRlCl as it will cross-react with AKRl Cl and probably AKRl C3.In order to investigate whether the observations in MCF7 cells could also be extrapolated to the expression of ARE-regulated genes in vivo, we carried out an experiment where mice were fed a retinoic acid-deficient (i.e. vitamin A-deficient, VAD) diet. Interestingly, in wild-type mice placed on a vitamin A-deficient diet for 6 weeks, a profound induction of the ARE-regulated genes GstM5 GCLC, NQOl and GstAl was observed (Figure 9). The induction of these genes by the VAD diet was dependent on Nrf2 as no increase in GstM5 GCLC, NQOl and GstAl was observed in nrβ'^ mice. On daily administration of ATRA to wildtype mice during the last 2 weeks of them being placed on the VAD diet, the induction of ARE-driven genes was almost completely reversed in the small intestine. This finding demonstrates that the repressive effects of retinoic acid are relevant to the in vivo situation in the GI tract.
Results
title compound treatment at 10 μM induced the expression of AKR1C mRNA by approximately 15-fold; figures are given
Location
Page/Page column 18-19; 30-35; 11/26
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
138 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2 level; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological
antioxidant response element-reporter human mammary carcinoma MCF7 cells (AREc32 cells)
Data) Method (Pharmacological Data)
All trans-retinoic acid does not influence the stability of IVrf2In order establish the mechanism by which retinoic acid exerts its inhibitory effects, we investigated whether the nuclear concentration of Nrfl was changed in the presence of this compound. This, however, was found not to be the case (Figure 11). We therefore conclude that ATRA does not antagonise Nrf2-mediated induction of gene expression by either destabilizing the bZIP factor or by preventing its nuclear translocation.In order to establish whether retinoic acid inhibited the binding of Nrf2 to its enhancer, we carried out electrophoretic mobility shift assays using a core ARE binding sequence. Three complexes were observed to interact with this enhancer (Figure 12) and their binding was reduced in the presence of tBHQ and retinoic acid, indicating that retinoic acid does interfere with the activation of the ARE enhancer element (track 4 v. track 2). Using a further method for the loading of Nrf2 on the ARE enhancer, we were able to confirm that retinoic acid inhibited the binding of Nrf2 to the ARE in the presence of tBHQ (Figure 13). We therefore conclude that ATRA inhibits the ability of Nrf2 to transactivate gene expression by interfering with its recruitment onto AREs in gene promoters.
Results
10 μM title compound treatment significantly induced Nrf2 level as compared to control; figures are given
Location
Page/Page column 20; 36; 14/26
Reference
THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
Patent: WO2008/12534 A2, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
139 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against P. acnes (MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays)The following experiments all used P. acnes NCTC 737 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using the test compounds (a) t-butyl-p-hydroquinone (TBHQ), dissolved in ethanol, and (b) zinc pyrithione (ZP), dissolved in DMSO. Both test compounds were sourced from Sigma- Aldrich, UK.Mixtures of TBHQ and ZP were then subjected to SDDA assays as described above, including in the presence of salt and lipid (SL-(S)DDA measurements). Increases in zone diameter (mm) were measured with respect to the ZP in unsupplemented assays and the TBHQ in supplemented assays, these being the compounds showing the larger zones of inhibition during the previous individual disc diffusion assays.For the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of TBHQ or ZP was loaded onto each disc.All the (S)DDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 1 below and the (S)DDA results in Tables 2 (unsupplemented) and 3 (supplemented). All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 1 Table 2 (unsupplemented (S)DDAs)Table 3 (supplemented (S)DDAs)(SL-(S)DDA = (S)DDA carried out in the presence of salt and lipid)These data show that both of the test compounds are active against P. acnes NCTC 737. When the TBHQ is combined with the pyrithione, however, the data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two test compounds, with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone. This synergistic interaction is maintained in the presence of salt and lipid. Example 5 - activity against Propionibacterium spp (copper pyrithione)Copper (II) pyrithione (CuP) was tested against P. acnes NCTC 737 with a number of quinones, using the same procedure as in Example 3. The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments.For the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc, with the exception of 2-t-butyl-pbenzoquinone which was used at 100 μg per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper pyrithione, 2-methyl-p- benzoquinone and 2-chloro-pbenzoquinone in DMSO.Table 9 Table 10* Denotes data obtained in a separate series of experiments to those involving TBHQ and CuP.These data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction when a quinone is combined with copper pyrithione, there being in nearly all cases a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml, MIC/MBC is 1
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 26-27; 33-34
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
140 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against P. acnes (MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays)The following experiments all used P. acnes NCTC 737 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using the test compounds (a) t-butyl-p-hydroquinone (TBHQ), dissolved in ethanol, and (b) zinc pyrithione (ZP), dissolved in DMSO. Both test compounds were sourced from Sigma- Aldrich, UK.Mixtures of TBHQ and ZP were then subjected to SDDA assays as described above, including in the presence of salt and lipid (SL-(S)DDA measurements). Increases in zone diameter (mm) were measured with respect to the ZP in unsupplemented assays and the TBHQ in supplemented assays, these being the compounds showing the larger zones of inhibition during the previous individual disc diffusion assays.For the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of TBHQ or ZP was loaded onto each disc.All the (S)DDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 1 below and the (S)DDA results in Tables 2 (unsupplemented) and 3 (supplemented). All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 1 Table 2 (unsupplemented (S)DDAs)Table 3 (supplemented (S)DDAs)(SL-(S)DDA = (S)DDA carried out in the presence of salt and lipid)These data show that both of the test compounds are active against P. acnes NCTC 737. When the TBHQ is combined with the pyrithione, however, the data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two test compounds, with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone. This synergistic interaction is maintained in the presence of salt and lipid. Example 5 - activity against Propionibacterium spp (copper pyrithione)Copper (II) pyrithione (CuP) was tested against P. acnes NCTC 737 with a number of quinones, using the same procedure as in Example 3. The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a
number of experiments.For the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc, with the exception of 2-t-butyl-pbenzoquinone which was used at 100 μg per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper pyrithione, 2-methyl-p- benzoquinone and 2-chloro-pbenzoquinone in DMSO.Table 9 Table 10* Denotes data obtained in a separate series of experiments to those involving TBHQ and CuP.These data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction when a quinone is combined with copper pyrithione, there being in nearly all cases a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone. Results
unsupplemented disc diffusion assay value is 9.27 mm, 12.20 mm, supplemented (Triolein at 1percent v/v, sodium chloride, 100 mM) disc diffusion assay value is 57.64 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-27; 33-34
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
141 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum NCTC 11865
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
142 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-002
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
143 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-003
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
144 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-004
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.95 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
145 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-005
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from
the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
62.5 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 62.5 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
146 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-006
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
147 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
clindamycin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-007
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ;
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
148 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
clindamycin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-008
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
149 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-010
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
150 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-017
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA
assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
151 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-019
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
31.25 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 31.25 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
152 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-021
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 31.25 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
153 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-023
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
154 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-026
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
155 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-039
Method
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC
(Pharmacological Data)
and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
156 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-043
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
157 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-044
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 31.25 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
158 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-046
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.95 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
159 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-053
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
160 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem
Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-055
(Pharmacological Data) Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
161 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-059
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
162 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
erythromycin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-068
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
163 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-101
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
164 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-102
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Results
MBC is 15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 22-24; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
165 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological
antimicrobial
Data) Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum NCTC 11865
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 11.50 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
166 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-002
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 18.12 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
167 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-003
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 18.12 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
168 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem
tetracycline resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-004
(Pharmacological Data) Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 19.88 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
169 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-005
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 10.67 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
170 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-006
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 9.42 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
171 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
clindamycin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-007
Method
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC
(Pharmacological Data)
and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 12.74 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
172 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
clindamycin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-008
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 17.92 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
173 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-010
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 18.54 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
174 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-017
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA
assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance. Results
disc diffusion assay value is 13.98 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
175 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-019
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 10.36 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
176 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-021
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
177 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-023
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were
ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance. Results
disc diffusion assay value is 18.54 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
178 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-026
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 13.98 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
179 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-039
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 17.71 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
180 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-043
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of
antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance. Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
181 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-044
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
182 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-046
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 20.71 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
183 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-053
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from
the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance. Results
disc diffusion assay value is 17.09 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
184 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-055
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 18.02 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
185 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-059
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 19.88 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
186 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
erythromycin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-068
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 16.78 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
187 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-101
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 12.84 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
188 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-102
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity aeainst other propionibacteriaThe activities of TBHQ and ZP against a panel of different propionibacteria were assessed using the MIC and MBC assays described above. The results are shown in Table 7, which also indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 7 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK)](S)DDA assays were then conducted on the two test compounds individually and in combination, against the same panel of test organisms. The solvents used were ethanol for the TBHQ and DMSO for the ZP, and again 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The results are shown in Table 8.Table 8 These data show both TBHQ and ZP to be active against all of the propionibacterial strains tested. Combinations of the two actives, however, appear from the SDDA results to be acting synergistically against most of the test organisms, with significant increases in zone diameters and areas. This potentiation of antibacterial activity is observed against many of the antibiotic resistant strains, a fact likely to be of considerable clinical importance.
Results
disc diffusion assay value is 14.50 mm
Location
Page/Page column 22-25; 30-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35078 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
189 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2; activation of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
50 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 5 h at 37 deg C; cells extracts prepared and after or without incubation with λ phosphatase (30 min at 30 deg C) activation of Nrf2 by phosphorylation determined using immunoblotting
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2
190 of 549
191 of 549
Results
title comp. induced Nrf2 activation by phosphorylation
Reference
Apopa, Patrick L.; He, Xiaoqing; Ma, Qiang
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2008 , vol. 22, # 1 p. 63 - 76 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2 content; increase of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
50 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 5 h at 37 deg C; Nrf2 content determined in cell extracts by immunoblotting
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2
Results
title comp. increased Nrf2 content in cell extracts
Reference
Apopa, Patrick L.; He, Xiaoqing; Ma, Qiang
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2008 , vol. 22, # 1 p. 63 - 76 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml; MIC/MBC ratio = 1
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 32-34
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ;
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
192 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms. (d) Disc diffusion assay (DDA)This is an internationally recognised standard method for qualitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound.A sterile paper disc was impregnated with a sample of the test compound in a suitable solvent and 30 minutes allowed for the solvents to evaporate (where possible). The disc was then placed on an agar plate onto which the test micro-organism had been inoculated. The plate was then incubated under the conditions described above, following which it was examined visually for signs of microbial growth. If the test compound had antimicrobial activity, a circular zone of no growth would be obtained around the disc. The diameter of this zone of "inhibition" was measured using a ProtoCOL.(TM). automated zone sizer (Synbiosis, Cambridge, UK). In general, a greater diameter and/or area of the zone of inhibition indicates a greater antimicrobial activity in the relevant test compound, although other factors such as test compound mobility through the agar gel may also influence the result.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 11.04 - 14.68 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-28; 30-34
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
193 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum NCTC 11865
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
194 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-002
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
195 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-003
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the
microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
196 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-004
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.95 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
197 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-005
Data) Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
62.5 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 62.5 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
198 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-006
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type
7.8 μg/ml
(Pharmacological Data) Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
199 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
clindamycin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-007
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
200 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
clindamycin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-008
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a
standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
201 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-010
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
202 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-017
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
203 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-019
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological
MIC
Data) Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
31.25 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 31.25 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
204 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-021
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 31.25 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
205 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-023
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor
of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
206 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-026
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
207 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-039
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
208 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-043
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then
individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
209 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-044
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 31.25 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
210 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-046
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gram-
negative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.95 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
211 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-053
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ;
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
212 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-055
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
213 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-059
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth
as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
214 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
erythromycin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-068
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
215 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-101
Method (Pharmacological
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved
Data)
in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
216 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-102
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
217 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum NCTC 11865
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 11.50 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
218 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-002
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then
individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 18.12 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
219 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-003
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 18.12 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
220 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-004
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the
test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 19.88 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Show next 20
221 of 549
Hide facts Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-005
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 10.67 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
222 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-006
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was
recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 9.42 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
223 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
clindamycin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-007
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 12.74 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
224 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
clindamycin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-008
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the
relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 17.92 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
225 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-010
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 18.54 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
226 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-017
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7
days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 13.98 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
227 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-019
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 10.36 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
228 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-021
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the
roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 0.00 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
229 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-023
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 18.54 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
230 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-026
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gram-
negative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 13.98 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
231 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-039
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 17.71 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
232 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-043
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the
chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above. Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 0.00 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
233 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-044
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 0.00 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
234 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-046
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 20.71 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
235 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-053
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 17.09 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
236 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or Test-
Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-055
System (Pharmacological Data) Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 18.02 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
237 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-059
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 19.88 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
238 of 549
Effect
antimicrobial
(Pharmacological Data) Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
erythromycin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-068
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 16.78 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
239 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-101
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 12.84 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ;
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
240 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
tetracycline/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant of Propionibacterium acnes PRP-102
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Results
The diameter of zone of inhibition = 14.50 mm
Location
Page/Page column 27-31; 36-39
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
241 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
black pigmented gram-negative anaerobic of Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Test micro-organismsThe principal test micro-organism used was Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737. Other propionibacterial strains, including some P. granulosum strains and including some having antibiotic resistance, were also used as test organisms in Example 4.Propionibacteria are known to be involved in acne, which is a complex, multi-factorial skin disease in which P. acnes and other Propionibacterium spp. play key roles. Activity observed against the chosen test organisms is therefore expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of activity against micro-organisms responsible for skin and skin structure infections, in particular acne.All the propionibacteria were cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 6.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 72 hours. Also tested was Porphyromonas gingivalis NCTC 11834 - this is a black pigmented gramnegative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Porphyromonas. Porphyromonas are a human commensal bacterium, predominantly associated with the oral cavity. Clinically, Por. gingivalis is associated with periodontal lesions, infections and adult periodontal disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums that causes bleeding and exposes the base of the teeth) can be a precursor to periodontal disease by allowing Por. gingivalis to infect the areas near the roots of the teeth and thus cause tooth decay and infection.Activity observed against this micro-organism is expected to be a reasonable qualitative predictor of antimicrobial activity, in particular against micro-organisms responsible for periodontal lesions, infections, and periodontal disease.Por. gingivalis was cultured and maintained on Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Medium (agar and broth) at pH 7.0; all cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 0C for 5-7 days.The following tests were carried out to assess antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.(a) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayThis is a standard international method for quantitatively assessing the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a liquid medium. The method used a sterile 96-well microtitre plate, capable of holding about 200 μl of liquid per well. The wells contained liquid culture medium and ranges of decreasing concentrations of the relevant test compound in doubling dilutions (e.g. 1000, 500, 250, 125...μg/ml, etc.. down to 0.49 μg/ml). The culture medium was as described above.The wells were inoculated with a liquid suspension of freshly grown micro-organism and incubated under the conditions described above. After incubation, the microtitre plate was examined visually (with the aid of a light box) for cloudiness in each well, which would indicate microbial growth. The MIC value was recorded as the lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit microbial growth, i.e., the lowest concentration for which the liquid in the well remained clear. The assays were conducted in duplicate (minimum) and included both negative (culture medium with no micro-organisms) and positive (culture medium plus diluting solvent plus micro-organism) controls.Since inhibition does not necessarily indicate killing of microbial cells, merely that growth as visible to the naked eye has been inhibited, it is desirable to conduct a further test (the MBC assay described below) to establish the concentration of the test compound needed to kill the test organism.(b) Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assayThis assay, normally carried out after an MIC assay, determines the minimum concentration of a compound that is lethal to the micro-organism being tested.Following an MIC assay, a 5 μl sample was withdrawn from the first microtitre well that showed positive growth and from all the subsequent wells that showed no growth. These samples were then individually sub-cultured on antibiotic-free agar medium, under the incubation conditions described above.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
< 0.49 μg/ml
Results
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 0.49 μg/ml; MIC/MBC ratio = <1
Location
Page/Page column 27-30; 40
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2008/35085 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
242 of 549
243 of 549
244 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidative
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μg/ml
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
PDP value is concentration-dependent
Type (Pharmacological Data)
percent inhibition
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
83.2 percent
Reference
El-Ghorab, Ahmed; Shaaban, Hamdy A.; El-Massry, Khaled F.; Shibamoto, Takayuki
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008 , vol. 56, # 13 p. 5021 - 5025 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidative
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
linoleic acid
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μg/ml
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
PDP value is concentration-dependent
Type (Pharmacological Data)
percent inhibition
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
89.9 percent
Reference
El-Ghorab, Ahmed; Shaaban, Hamdy A.; El-Massry, Khaled F.; Shibamoto, Takayuki
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008 , vol. 56, # 13 p. 5021 - 5025 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidative
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μg/ml
Type (Pharmacological Data)
percent inhibition
245 of 549
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
83.2 percent
Reference
El-Ghorab, Ahmed; Shaaban, Hamdy A.; El-Massry, Khaled F.; Shibamoto, Takayuki
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008 , vol. 56, # 13 p. 5021 - 5025 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
neurons
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 26: Effect of the Nrf2 Inducer fert-butylhydroquinone (f-BHQ)on Cell Death Induced by f-BuOOH, NMDA, and GlutamateApplication of t-BuOOH (60 μM), NMDA (100 μM), and glutamate (300 μM) each significantly decreased the number of viable neurons after 24 hours, compared to the number of untreated control neurons (Figure 42 A). This decrease was abolished by 20 μM t-BHQ (tert- butylhydroquinone). Furthermore, t-BHQ alone had no effect on neuronal viability.To substantiate the protection observed by t-BHQ treatment, the activity of caspase-3 was examined. Caspase-3 has been described as a terminal effector of the apoptotic-like cell death pathway. t-BuOOH, NMDA and glutamate each induced an increase in caspase-3 activity (Figure 42 B). tBHQ had no effect on basal levels of caspase-3 activity, but was able to prevent the increase evoked by all three stressors (Figure 42 B).Taken together, the above data suggests that 1) Nr.pound.2 translocation mediated by oxidative stress-induced injury is protective in cultured neurons, and 2) nuclear Nr.pound.2 increases in response to t-BuOOH-mediated oxidative stress, but not in response to NMDA/glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
Location
Page/Page column 25; 99; 70/91
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
Patent: WO2007/5879 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
246 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)-induced cell death; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
neurons
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 26: Effect of the Nrf2 Inducer fert-butylhydroquinone (f-BHQ)on Cell Death Induced by f-BuOOH, NMDA, and GlutamateApplication of t-BuOOH (60 μM), NMDA (100 μM), and glutamate (300 μM) each significantly decreased the number of viable neurons after 24 hours, compared to the number of untreated control neurons (Figure 42 A). This decrease was abolished by 20 μM t-BHQ (tert- butylhydroquinone). Furthermore, t-BHQ alone had no effect on neuronal viability.To substantiate the protection observed by t-BHQ treatment, the activity of caspase-3 was examined. Caspase-3 has been described as a terminal effector of the apoptotic-like cell death pathway. t-BuOOH, NMDA and glutamate each induced an increase in caspase-3 activity (Figure 42 B). tBHQ had no effect on basal levels of caspase-3 activity, but was able to prevent the increase evoked by all three stressors (Figure 42 B).Taken together, the above data suggests that 1) Nr.pound.2 translocation mediated by oxidative stress-induced injury is protective in cultured neurons, and 2) nuclear Nr.pound.2 increases in response to t-BuOOH-mediated oxidative stress, but not in response to NMDA/glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
Results
title compound at 20 μM abolished the decrease in cell viability induced by t-BuOOH; figure is given
Location
Page/Page column 25; 99; 70/91
Reference
THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
Patent: WO2007/5879 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
247 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
NMDA-induced cell death; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
neurons
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 26: Effect of the Nrf2 Inducer fert-butylhydroquinone (f-BHQ)on Cell Death Induced by f-BuOOH, NMDA, and GlutamateApplication of t-BuOOH (60 μM), NMDA (100 μM), and glutamate (300 μM) each significantly decreased the number of viable neurons after 24 hours, compared to the number of untreated control neurons (Figure 42 A). This decrease was abolished by 20 μM t-BHQ (tert- butylhydroquinone). Furthermore, t-BHQ alone had no effect on neuronal viability.To substantiate the protection observed by t-BHQ treatment, the activity of caspase-3 was examined. Caspase-3 has been described as a terminal effector of the apoptotic-like cell death pathway. t-BuOOH, NMDA and glutamate each induced an increase in caspase-3 activity (Figure 42 B). tBHQ had no effect on basal levels of caspase-3 activity, but was able to prevent the increase evoked by all three stressors (Figure 42 B).Taken together, the above data suggests that 1) Nr.pound.2 translocation mediated by oxidative stress-induced injury is protective in cultured neurons, and 2) nuclear Nr.pound.2 increases in response to t-BuOOH-mediated oxidative stress, but not in response to NMDA/glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
Results
title compound at 20 μM abolished the decrease in cell viability induced by NMDA; figure is given
Location
Page/Page column 25; 99; 70/91
Reference
THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
Patent: WO2007/5879 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
248 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
glutamate-induced cell death; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
neurons
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 26: Effect of the Nrf2 Inducer fert-butylhydroquinone (f-BHQ)on Cell Death Induced by f-BuOOH, NMDA, and GlutamateApplication of t-BuOOH (60 μM), NMDA (100 μM), and glutamate (300 μM) each significantly decreased the number of viable neurons after 24 hours, compared to the number of untreated control neurons (Figure 42 A). This decrease was abolished by 20 μM t-BHQ (tert- butylhydroquinone). Furthermore, t-BHQ alone had no effect on neuronal viability.To substantiate the protection observed by t-BHQ treatment, the activity of caspase-3 was examined. Caspase-3 has been described as a terminal effector of the apoptotic-like cell death pathway. t-BuOOH, NMDA and glutamate each induced an increase in caspase-3 activity (Figure 42 B). tBHQ had no effect on basal levels of caspase-3 activity, but was able to prevent the increase evoked by all three stressors (Figure 42 B).Taken together, the above data suggests that 1) Nr.pound.2 translocation mediated by oxidative stress-induced injury is protective in cultured neurons, and 2) nuclear Nr.pound.2 increases in response to t-BuOOH-mediated oxidative stress, but not in response to NMDA/glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
Results
title compound at 20 μM abolished the decrease in cell viability induced by glutamate; figure is given
Location
Page/Page column 25; 99; 70/91
Reference
THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
Patent: WO2007/5879 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
249 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
caspase-3 activity; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
neurons
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 26: Effect of the Nrf2 Inducer fert-butylhydroquinone (f-BHQ)on Cell Death Induced by f-BuOOH, NMDA, and GlutamateApplication of t-BuOOH (60 μM), NMDA (100 μM), and glutamate (300 μM) each significantly decreased the number of viable neurons after 24 hours, compared to the number of untreated control neurons (Figure 42 A). This decrease was abolished by 20 μM t-BHQ (tert- butylhydroquinone). Furthermore, t-BHQ alone had no effect on neuronal viability.To substantiate the protection observed by t-BHQ treatment, the activity of caspase-3 was examined. Caspase-3 has been described as a terminal effector of the apoptotic-like cell death pathway. t-BuOOH, NMDA and glutamate each induced an increase in caspase-3 activity (Figure 42 B). tBHQ had no effect on basal levels of caspase-3 activity, but was able to prevent the increase evoked by all three stressors (Figure 42 B).Taken together, the above data suggests that 1) Nr.pound.2 translocation mediated by oxidative stress-induced injury is protective in cultured neurons, and 2) nuclear Nr.pound.2 increases in response to t-BuOOH-mediated oxidative stress, but not in response to NMDA/glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
Location
Page/Page column 25; 99; 70/91
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
Patent: WO2007/5879 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
250 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)-induced increase in caspase-3 activity; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
neurons
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 26: Effect of the Nrf2 Inducer fert-butylhydroquinone (f-BHQ)on Cell Death Induced by f-BuOOH, NMDA, and GlutamateApplication of t-BuOOH (60 μM), NMDA (100 μM), and glutamate (300 μM) each significantly decreased the number of viable neurons after 24 hours, compared to the number of untreated control neurons (Figure 42 A). This decrease was abolished by 20 μM t-BHQ (tert- butylhydroquinone). Furthermore, t-BHQ alone had no effect on neuronal viability.To substantiate the protection observed by t-BHQ treatment, the activity of caspase-3 was examined. Caspase-3 has been described as a terminal effector of the apoptotic-like cell death pathway. t-BuOOH, NMDA and glutamate each induced an increase in caspase-3 activity (Figure 42 B). tBHQ had no effect on basal levels of caspase-3 activity, but was able to prevent the increase evoked by all three stressors (Figure 42 B).Taken together, the above data suggests that 1) Nr.pound.2 translocation mediated by oxidative stress-induced injury is protective in cultured neurons, and 2) nuclear Nr.pound.2 increases in response to t-BuOOH-mediated oxidative stress, but not in response to NMDA/glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
Results
title compound at 20 μM was able to prevent the increase in caspase-3 activity evoked by tBuOOH; figure is given
Location
Page/Page column 25; 99; 70/91
Reference
THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
Patent: WO2007/5879 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
251 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
NMDA-induced increase in caspase-3 activity; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
neurons
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 26: Effect of the Nrf2 Inducer fert-butylhydroquinone (f-BHQ)on Cell Death Induced by f-BuOOH, NMDA, and GlutamateApplication of t-BuOOH (60 μM), NMDA (100 μM), and glutamate (300 μM) each significantly decreased the number of viable neurons after 24 hours, compared to the number of untreated control neurons (Figure 42 A). This decrease was abolished by 20 μM t-BHQ (tert- butylhydroquinone). Furthermore, t-BHQ alone had no effect on neuronal viability.To substantiate the protection observed by t-BHQ treatment, the activity of caspase-3 was examined. Caspase-3 has been described as a terminal effector of the apoptotic-like cell death pathway. t-BuOOH, NMDA and glutamate each induced an increase in caspase-3 activity (Figure 42 B). tBHQ had no effect on basal levels of caspase-3 activity, but was able to prevent the increase evoked by all three stressors (Figure 42 B).Taken together, the above data suggests that 1) Nr.pound.2 translocation mediated by oxidative stress-induced injury is protective in cultured neurons, and 2) nuclear Nr.pound.2 increases in response to t-BuOOH-mediated oxidative stress, but not in response to NMDA/glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
Results
title compound at 20 μM was able to prevent the increase in caspase-3 activity evoked by NMDA; figure is given
Location
Page/Page column 25; 99; 70/91
Reference
THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
Patent: WO2007/5879 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
252 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
glutamate-induced increase in caspase-3 activity; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
neurons
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 26: Effect of the Nrf2 Inducer fert-butylhydroquinone (f-BHQ)on Cell Death Induced by f-BuOOH, NMDA, and GlutamateApplication of t-BuOOH (60 μM), NMDA (100 μM), and glutamate (300 μM) each significantly decreased the number of viable neurons after 24 hours, compared to the number of untreated control neurons (Figure 42 A). This decrease was abolished by 20 μM t-BHQ (tert- butylhydroquinone). Furthermore, t-BHQ alone had no effect on neuronal viability.To substantiate the protection observed by t-BHQ treatment, the activity of caspase-3 was examined. Caspase-3 has been described as a terminal effector of the apoptotic-like cell death pathway. t-BuOOH, NMDA and glutamate each induced an increase in caspase-3 activity (Figure 42 B). tBHQ had no effect on basal levels of caspase-3 activity, but was able to prevent the increase evoked by all three stressors (Figure 42 B).Taken together, the above data suggests that 1) Nr.pound.2 translocation mediated by oxidative stress-induced injury is protective in cultured neurons, and 2) nuclear Nr.pound.2 increases in response to t-BuOOH-mediated oxidative stress, but not in response to NMDA/glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
Results
title compound at 20 μM was able to prevent the increase in caspase-3 activity evoked by glutamate; figure is given
Location
Page/Page column 25; 99; 70/91
Reference
THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
Patent: WO2007/5879 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
253 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against Propionibacterium spy (disc diffusion assays)The following experiments all used P. acnes NCTC 737 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using the test compounds t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ, an alkyl-substituted hydroquinone) and aqueous copper (II) sulphate (both sourced from Sigma- Aldrich).The two compounds were then subjected in combination to the SDDA assay described above, including in the presence of salt and lipid (SL SDDA measurement). Increases in zone diameter (mm) were measured with respect to those observed for the copper sulphate (ie, the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds).For all the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper sulphate in deionised water.MIC/MBC experiments were performed in duplicate and (S)DDA experiments in triplicate.The results of the tests on both TBHQ and copper sulphate alone, together with those for the combination, are shown in Table 1 below.Table 1 (SL (S)DDA = (S)DDA with salt and lipid (1percent (v/v) Tween 80) supplementsThese data show that both TBHQ and copper sulphate alone are active against P. acnes. When the quinone and the copper salt are combined, however, the data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone. This synergy is maintained under the supplemented conditions.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 32-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ;
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
254 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against Propionibacterium spy (disc diffusion assays)The following experiments all used P. acnes NCTC 737 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using the test compounds t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ, an alkyl-substituted hydroquinone) and aqueous copper (II) sulphate (both sourced from Sigma- Aldrich).The two compounds were then subjected in combination to the SDDA assay described above, including in the presence of salt and lipid (SL SDDA measurement). Increases in zone diameter (mm) were measured with respect to those observed for the copper sulphate (ie, the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds).For all the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper sulphate in deionised water.MIC/MBC experiments were performed in duplicate and (S)DDA experiments in triplicate.The results of the tests on both TBHQ and copper sulphate alone, together with those for the combination, are shown in Table 1 below.Table 1 (SL (S)DDA = (S)DDA with salt and lipid (1percent (v/v) Tween 80) supplementsThese data show that both TBHQ and copper sulphate alone are active against P. acnes. When the quinone and the copper salt are combined, however, the data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone. This synergy is maintained under the supplemented conditions.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 32-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
255 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 3 - activity asainst S. aureus (disc diffusion assays)The following experiments all used S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism. MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using the test compounds TBHQ and aqueous copper (II) sulphate, as in Example 1.The two compounds were then subjected in combination to the SDDA assay described above, including in the presence of salt and serum (SS SDDA measurement). Increases in zone diameter (mm) were measured with respect to those observed for the TBHQ (the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds).For all the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper sulphate in deionised water.MIC/MBC experiments were performed in duplicate and (S)DDA experiments in triplicate.The results of the tests on both TBHQ and copper sulphate alone, together with those for the combination, are shown in Table 2 below.Table 2(SS (S)DDA = (S)DDA with salt and serum supplements) These data show that TBHQ alone is active against S. aureus. Copper sulphate alone however does not appear to be as active as the quinone, and appears to be inactive against the organism in the disc diffusion assays, at the concentration tested.Surprisingly, when the quinone and the copper salt are combined, the data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 33-35
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
256 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 3 - activity asainst S. aureus (disc diffusion assays)The following experiments all used S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism. MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using the test compounds TBHQ and aqueous copper (II) sulphate, as in Example 1.The two compounds were then subjected in combination to the SDDA assay described above, including in the presence of salt and serum (SS SDDA measurement). Increases in zone diameter (mm) were measured with respect to those observed for the TBHQ (the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc
diffusion assays on the individual compounds).For all the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper sulphate in deionised water.MIC/MBC experiments were performed in duplicate and (S)DDA experiments in triplicate.The results of the tests on both TBHQ and copper sulphate alone, together with those for the combination, are shown in Table 2 below.Table 2(SS (S)DDA = (S)DDA with salt and serum supplements) These data show that TBHQ alone is active against S. aureus. Copper sulphate alone however does not appear to be as active as the quinone, and appears to be inactive against the organism in the disc diffusion assays, at the concentration tested.Surprisingly, when the quinone and the copper salt are combined, the data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 33-35
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
257 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum NCTC 11865
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 10.45 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
258 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-002
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 10.56 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
259 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-003
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 18.61 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
260 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-004
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 13.80 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
261 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-005
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P.
granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel. Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 15.05 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
262 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-006
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 9.93 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
263 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-007
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 8.78 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
264 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-008
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 13.90 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
265 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-010
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 8.68 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
266 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-017
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 9.93 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ;
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
267 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-019
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
268 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-021
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 8.57 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
269 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-023
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel
Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel. Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 11.92 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
270 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-026
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 11.29 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
271 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-039
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 17.04 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
272 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or Test-
Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-043
System (Pharmacological Data) Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 10.77 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
273 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-044
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
274 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-046
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 14.22 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
275 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-053
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 9.93 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
276 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium granulosum PRP-055
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 10.04 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
277 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-059
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown
in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel. Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 10.87 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
278 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-068
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 12.55 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
279 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-101
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 14.01 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
280 of 549
Effect
antimicrobial
(Pharmacological Data) Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes PRP-102
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 7 - activity against other Propionibacterium sppThe activity (MIC by agar dilution and DDA) of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CSPH) alone and in combination with TBHQ was determined against a panel of different propionibacterium strains. For (S)DDA experiments 200 μg of each test compound was added per disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate in deionised water. MIC experiments were performed in duplicate, DDA experiments as single replicates only. SDDA experiments were conducted in triplicate.The MIC and DDA results for the copper salt are shown in Table 11, and SDDA results with TBHQ in Table 12. The tables indicate the resistance phenotype for each of the test species/strains.Table 11 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]f lpercent (v/v) trioleinTable 12 [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- LincosamideStreptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK).]These data indicate that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate demonstrates an excellent level of activity against all propionibacterium strains tested. This activity appears to be maintained even under the supplemented (salt and lipid) conditions. However, the majority of P. granulosum strains appear to exhibit a degree of resistance to the copper salt as demonstrated by increased MIC levels and smaller DDA zones of inhibition.When the copper salt and the quinone are combined, however, the synergistic interaction initially observed with P. acnes NCTC 737 was similarly observed with all of the propionibacterium strains tested as part of this panel.
Results
title compound demonstrated a DDA zone of 9.01 mm
Location
Page/Page column 44-47
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
281 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Propionibacterium acnes NCTC 737
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against Propionibacterium spy (disc diffusion assays)The following experiments all used P. acnes NCTC 737 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using the test compounds t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ, an alkyl-substituted hydroquinone) and aqueous copper (II) sulphate (both sourced from Sigma- Aldrich).The two compounds were then subjected in combination to the SDDA assay described above, including in the presence of salt and lipid (SL SDDA measurement). Increases in zone diameter (mm) were measured with respect to those observed for the copper sulphate (ie, the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds).For all the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper sulphate in deionised water.MIC/MBC experiments were performed in duplicate and (S)DDA experiments in triplicate.The results of the tests on both TBHQ and copper sulphate alone, together with those for the combination, are shown in Table 1 below.Table 1 (SL (S)DDA = (S)DDA with salt and lipid (1percent (v/v) Tween 80) supplementsThese data show that both TBHQ and copper sulphate alone are active against P. acnes. When the quinone and the copper salt are combined, however, the data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone. This synergy is maintained under the supplemented conditions.
Results
title compound gave an antimicrobial activity with zone diameter (S)DDA of 12.20 mm
Location
Page/Page column 32-33
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
282 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimicrobial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 3 - activity asainst S. aureus (disc diffusion assays)The following experiments all used S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism. MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using the test compounds TBHQ and aqueous copper (II) sulphate, as in Example 1.The two compounds were then subjected in combination to the SDDA assay described above, including in the presence of salt and serum (SS SDDA measurement). Increases in zone diameter (mm) were measured with respect to those observed for the TBHQ (the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds).For all the (S)DDA experiments, 200 μg of each test compound was loaded onto each disc. The TBHQ was dissolved in ethanol and the copper sulphate in deionised water.MIC/MBC experiments were performed in duplicate and (S)DDA experiments in triplicate.The results of the tests on both TBHQ and copper sulphate alone, together with those for the combination, are shown in Table 2 below.Table 2(SS (S)DDA = (S)DDA with salt and serum supplements) These data show that TBHQ alone is active against S. aureus. Copper sulphate alone however does not appear to be as active as the quinone, and appears to be inactive against the organism in the disc diffusion assays, at the concentration tested.Surprisingly, when the quinone and the copper salt are combined, the data demonstrate a synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.
Results
title compound gave an antimicrobial activity with zone diameter of (S)DDA of 40.42 mm and SS (S)DDA of 43.68 mm
Location
Page/Page column 33-35
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
283 of 549
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Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antiprotozoal
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Leishmania tarentolae
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in 100 percent dimethyl sulfoxide at either 1 or 10 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
1E6 cells/ml added in 96-well microtiter plates; serial dilutions of title comp. added; plates incubated at 25 deg C for 3 days; inhibition of growth was detd. visually
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
controls: medium only, cells with medium with or without DMSO
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
0.2 mg/l
Reference
St. George, Stephanie; Bishop, Jeanette V.; Titus, Richard G.; Selitrennikoff, Claude P.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2006 , vol. 50, # 2 p. 474 - 479 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antiprotozoal
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Leishmania major LV39
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in 100 percent dimethyl sulfoxide at either 1 or 10 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
1E6 promastigotes/ml added in 96-well microtiter plates; serial dilutions of title comp. added; plates incubated at 25 deg C for 3 days; inhibition of growth was detd. visually
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1 mg/l
Reference
St. George, Stephanie; Bishop, Jeanette V.; Titus, Richard G.; Selitrennikoff, Claude P.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2006 , vol. 50, # 2 p. 474 - 479 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antiprotozoal
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Leishmania major LV39
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
0.4 mg/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in 100 percent dimethyl sulfoxide at either 1 or 10 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
2E5 peritoneal exudate cell macrophages, 1.25E6 amastigotes added per well; treated with title comp.; 3 days later, stained and counterstained; no. of amastigotes/100 macrophages and no. of macrophages with at least one amastigote detd. microscopically
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Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
ref.: pentostam; control: medium with or without DMSO
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
St. George, Stephanie; Bishop, Jeanette V.; Titus, Richard G.; Selitrennikoff, Claude P.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2006 , vol. 50, # 2 p. 474 - 479 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytoprotective
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Sprague-Dawley rat hepatocytes
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
5 - 500 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells incubated with various concentrations of title comp. for 0.5 to 24 h; lysed; expression of HO-1, NQO1 and Nrf2 proteins measured by Western blotting
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
controls: untreated cells and β-actin (loading control); HO: heme oxygenase; NQO: NAD<P>H:quinone oxidoreductase; Nrf2: NF-E2-related factor 2; induction of these enzymes represents primary cellular defensive mechanism
Results
title comp. treatment up-regulated HO-1 (200 μmol/l), NQO1 (5-200 μmol/l) and Nrf2 (20-500 μmol/l) in a time-dependent manner; diagram
Reference
Keum, Young-Sam; Han, Yong-Hae; Liew, Celine; Kim, Jung-Hwan; Xu, Changjiang; Yuan, Xiaoling; Shakarjian, Michael P.; Chong, Saeho; Kong, Ah-Ng
Pharmaceutical Research, 2006 , vol. 23, # 11 p. 2586 - 2594 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytoprotective
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
C57BL/6 wild-type neonatal mouse fibroblasts
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
200 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells incubated with title comp. for 0.5 to 24 h; lysed; expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO) protein measured by Western blotting
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
controls: untreated cells and β-actin (loading control); induction of HO-1 enzyme represents primary cellular defensive mechanism
Results
title comp. treatment strongly induced HO-1 protein (diagram), but caused a weak induction of NQO1 protein
Reference
Keum, Young-Sam; Han, Yong-Hae; Liew, Celine; Kim, Jung-Hwan; Xu, Changjiang; Yuan, Xiaoling; Shakarjian, Michael P.; Chong, Saeho; Kong, Ah-Ng
Pharmaceutical Research, 2006 , vol. 23, # 11 p. 2586 - 2594 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytoprotective
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Nrf2 knock-out C57BL/6 neonatal mouse fibroblasts
Concentration (Pharmacological
200 μmol/l
Data)
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Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells incubated with title comp. for 0.5 to 24 h; lysed; expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD<P>H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) protein measured by Western blotting
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
controls: untreated cells and β-actin (loading control); induction of these enzymes represents primary cellular defensive mechanism
Results
title comp. failed to induce HO-1 protein (diagram) but caused a weak induction of NQO1
Reference
Keum, Young-Sam; Han, Yong-Hae; Liew, Celine; Kim, Jung-Hwan; Xu, Changjiang; Yuan, Xiaoling; Shakarjian, Michael P.; Chong, Saeho; Kong, Ah-Ng
Pharmaceutical Research, 2006 , vol. 23, # 11 p. 2586 - 2594 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
gene expression; increase of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Sprague-Dawley rat hepatocytes
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
200 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells incubated with title comp. for 0.5 to 24 h; lysed; total RNA extracted; semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of HO-1, NQO1 and Nrf2 performed
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
controls: untreated cells and β-actin (loading control); HO: heme oxygenase; NQO: NAD<P>H:quinone oxidoreductase; Nrf2: NF-E2-related factor 2
Results
title comp. treatment increased HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA levels; maximal transcriptional activation of enzymes observed at 4 h and then decreased gradually; diagram
Reference
Keum, Young-Sam; Han, Yong-Hae; Liew, Celine; Kim, Jung-Hwan; Xu, Changjiang; Yuan, Xiaoling; Shakarjian, Michael P.; Chong, Saeho; Kong, Ah-Ng
Pharmaceutical Research, 2006 , vol. 23, # 11 p. 2586 - 2594 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
C57BL/6 wild-type neonatal mouse fibroblasts
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
200 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells incubated with title comp. for 0.5 to 24 h; lysed; phosphorylation changes of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and Akt analyzed using phospho-specific antibodies
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
controls: untreated cells; loading control: β-actin
Results
title comp. treatment activated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (sustained up to 12 h) but not activated JNK1/2; diagram
Reference
Keum, Young-Sam; Han, Yong-Hae; Liew, Celine; Kim, Jung-Hwan; Xu, Changjiang; Yuan, Xiaoling; Shakarjian, Michael P.; Chong, Saeho; Kong, Ah-Ng
Pharmaceutical Research, 2006 , vol. 23, # 11 p. 2586 - 2594 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological
enzyme; induction of
Data)
292 of 549
293 of 549
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human hepatocytes
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
200 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells incubated with title comp. for 0.5 to 24 h; lysed; phosphorylation changes of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and Akt analyzed using phospho-specific antibodies
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
controls: untreated cells; loading control: β-actin
Results
title comp. treatment strongly activated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2, but failed to activate p85; title comp. did not affect phosphorylation of Akt; diagram
Reference
Keum, Young-Sam; Han, Yong-Hae; Liew, Celine; Kim, Jung-Hwan; Xu, Changjiang; Yuan, Xiaoling; Shakarjian, Michael P.; Chong, Saeho; Kong, Ah-Ng
Pharmaceutical Research, 2006 , vol. 23, # 11 p. 2586 - 2594 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Sprague-Dawley rat hepatocytes
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
200 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells incubated with title comp. for 0.5 to 24 h; lysed; phosphorylation changes of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and Akt analyzed using phospho-specific antibodies
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
controls: untreated cells; loading control: β-actin
Results
title comp. treatment strongly activated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2, but failed to activate p85; title comp. inhibited phosphorylation of Akt; diagram
Reference
Keum, Young-Sam; Han, Yong-Hae; Liew, Celine; Kim, Jung-Hwan; Xu, Changjiang; Yuan, Xiaoling; Shakarjian, Michael P.; Chong, Saeho; Kong, Ah-Ng
Pharmaceutical Research, 2006 , vol. 23, # 11 p. 2586 - 2594 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29213 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against S. aureus -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as
described above, were carried out using the test compound benzoyl peroxide (BP) and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt, lipid and blood, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For most (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The exceptions were the thymoquinone assays, in which only 50 μg of the benzoquinone was used. The
solvents used were DMSO (for benzoyl peroxide, 2-methyl-p- hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethyl-jy-hydroquinone and 2-ethyl-&jp-hydroquinone) and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, p-hydroquinone, .pound.>-benzoquinone and thymohydroquinone).The MIC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 1 below and the SDDA results in Table 2. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 1* Data variable: synergy observed in some tests and not in othersTable 2 EPO The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that each of the benzo/hydroquinones alone is active against S. aureus ATCC 29213, some strongly so - in particular the substituted benzo/hydroquinones appear to be more active than their unsubstituted counterparts, as indicated by the MIC/MBC results. Activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt, lipid and serum. BP alone is much less, if at all, active against the organism.When BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone however, the SDDA data indicate a potential synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and blood, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 12.34 mm and the area increase 186.0 percent. EPO Thus in the presence of a suitable benzo/hydroquinone, the otherwise relatively inactive peroxide can be made very active
against 5. aureus. Moreover this synergy is also likely to be retained on topical application to the skin. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 33-35; 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
294 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29213 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against S. aureus -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using the test compound benzoyl peroxide (BP) and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt, lipid and blood, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For most (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The exceptions were the thymoquinone assays, in which only 50 μg of the benzoquinone was used. The
solvents used were DMSO (for benzoyl peroxide, 2-methyl-p- hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethyl-jy-hydroquinone and 2-ethyl-&jp-hydroquinone) and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, p-hydroquinone, .pound.>-benzoquinone and thymohydroquinone).The MIC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 1 below and the SDDA results in Table 2. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 1* Data variable: synergy observed in some tests and not in othersTable 2 EPO The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that each of the benzo/hydroquinones alone is active against S. aureus ATCC 29213, some strongly so - in particular the substituted benzo/hydroquinones appear to be more active than their unsubstituted counterparts, as indicated by the MIC/MBC results. Activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt, lipid and serum. BP alone is much less, if at all, active against the organism.When BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone however, the SDDA data indicate a potential synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and blood, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 12.34 mm and the area increase 186.0 percent. EPO Thus in the presence of a suitable benzo/hydroquinone, the otherwise relatively inactive peroxide can be made very active against 5. aureus. Moreover this synergy is also likely to be retained on topical application to the skin.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 33-35
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
295 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29213 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 1 - activity against S. aureus -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as
described above, were carried out using the test compound benzoyl peroxide (BP) and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt, lipid and blood, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For most (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The exceptions were the thymoquinone assays, in which only 50 μg of the benzoquinone was used. The
solvents used were DMSO (for benzoyl peroxide, 2-methyl-p- hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethyl-jy-hydroquinone and 2-ethyl-&jp-hydroquinone) and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, p-hydroquinone, .pound.>-benzoquinone and thymohydroquinone).The MIC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 1 below and the SDDA results in Table 2. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 1* Data variable: synergy observed in some tests and not in othersTable 2 EPO The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that each of the benzo/hydroquinones alone is active against S. aureus ATCC 29213, some strongly so - in particular the substituted benzo/hydroquinones appear to be more active than their unsubstituted counterparts, as indicated by the MIC/MBC results. Activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt, lipid and serum. BP alone is much less, if at all, active against the organism.When BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone however, the SDDA data indicate a potential synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and blood, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 12.34 mm and the area increase 186.0 percent. EPO Thus in the presence of a suitable benzo/hydroquinone, the otherwise relatively inactive peroxide can be made very active against 5. aureus. Moreover this synergy is also likely to be retained on topical application to the skin.
Results
title compound resulted in a 41.77 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA); title compound resulted in a 54.16 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of salt; title compound resulted in a 31.44 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of a lipid; title compound resulted in a 10.89 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of blood
Location
Page/Page column 33-35
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
296 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29213 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 3 - activity against S. aureus - TTK assaysTTK assays were then conducted, as described above, on samples of BP, TBHQ and a BP/TBHQ mixture, using S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ. The results are shown in Table 3. cfu values were measured at time 0, 0.5 hours and 1 hour.Table 3 EPO These data show that a combination of peroxide and hydroquinone can kill the S. aureus bacteria more quickly than either compound alone when used at the same concentration as in the mixture This provides further evidence of antimicrobial synergy between the two agents
Results
15.6 μg/ml of title compound resulted in a 7.63E5 - 8.47E5 CFU/ml t=0-1.0 wherein time to kill was >1 h
Location
Page/Page column 36-37
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
297 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29213 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 4 - activity against S aureus - MTTK assaysSamples containing BP, TBHQ and BP/TBHQ mixtures were also subjected to MTTK assays as described above, using S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the test organism The BP was dissolved in DMSO and the TBHQ in ethanolThe results, after 24 hours, are shown in Table 4 below (The initial starting inoculum contained 3 25 x 107 cfu/ml, 1 x 103 cfu/ml represented the lower detection limit )Table 4Benzoyl Peroxide2 3 4 5O x 0 0.25 x 0.5 x 1 x 2 x 4 x μg/mi 31.3 μg/ml 62.5 μg/ml 125 μg/ml 250 μg/ml 500 μg/mlO x0 μg/ml0.125 xB 0.98 μg/ml0.25 x1.95 μg/mlTBHQ0.5 x 3.9 μg/ml1 x7.8 μg/mt2 x15.6 μg/ml Table 4 identifies three synergistic mixtures of BP and TBHQ, as highlighted in bold on a dark grey background The light grey cells indicate the lowest concentration of EPO each individual active which is sufficient to kill on its own (ie, the MBC). For the synergistic mixtures, the reduction in microbial activity was greater (after 24 hours) than that obtained using either BP or TBHQ alone at the same concentrations as in the mixture.The three synergistic BP/TBHQ combinations were those containing:a) 0.25 x MBC of BP (31.25 μg/ml) + 0.5 x MBC of TBHQ (3.9 μg/ml)b) 0.5 x MBC of BP (62.5 μg/ml) + 0.25 x MBC of TBHQ (1.95 μg/ml)c) 0.5 x MBC of BP (62.5 μg/ml) + 0.5 x MBC of TBHQ (3.9 μg/ml).This further confirms that the peroxide and the hydroquinone may be used together, each at a concentration lower than its individual MBC, to counter staphylococci.This further confirms that the peroxide and the hydroquinone may be used together, each at a concentration lower than its individual MBC, to counter staphylococci. It is likely that mixtures containing higher concentrations of either test compound will also act synergistically against S. aureus ATCC 29213.
Results
mixture of BP and TBHQ showed reduction in microbial activity greater (after 24 hours) than that obtained using title compound alone
Location
Page/Page column 37-38
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
298 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27848 of Staphylococcus simulans
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological
MIC
Data) Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
299 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29971 of Staphylococcus xylosus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
300 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29974 of Staphylococcus cohnii
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
301 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29970 of Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
302 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27836 of Staphylococcus warneri
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
303 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27840 of Staphylococcus capitis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used
National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.9 - 3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
304 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27844 of Staphylococcus hominis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.95 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
305 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 33753 of Staphylococcus auricularis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
0.98 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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306 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12600 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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307 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12600-U of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
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308 of 549
Effect
antibacterial
(Pharmacological Data) Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12602 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
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309 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12604 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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310 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12605 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),.
Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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311 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12606 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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312 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12607 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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313 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 25923 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
314 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL EMRSA 15 of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin (Met)/β-lactams resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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315 of 549
Effect
antibacterial
(Pharmacological Data) Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL EMRSA 16 of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin (Met)/β-lactams resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
316 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL EMRSA 17 of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin (Met)/β-lactams resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.95 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
317 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL VISA Mu3 of Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin (Van)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),.
Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
318 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL VISA Mu50 of Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin (Van)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
319 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL GISA HO41340156 of Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin (Van)/teicoplanin (Tec)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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320 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 7292 of Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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321 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 11047 of Staphylococcus epidermidis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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322 of 549
Effect
antibacterial
(Pharmacological Data) Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12601 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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323 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27848 of Staphylococcus simulans
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
31.25 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
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324 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29971 of Staphylococcus xylosus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),.
Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.62 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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325 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29971 of Staphylococcus xylosus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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326 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29974 of Staphylococcus cohnii
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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327 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29970 of Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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328 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27836 of Staphylococcus warneri
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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329 of 549
Effect
antibacterial
(Pharmacological Data) Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27840 of Staphylococcus capitis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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330 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27844 of Staphylococcus hominis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.95 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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331 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27844 of Staphylococcus hominis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),.
Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
332 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 33753 of Staphylococcus auricularis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
333 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12600 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
334 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12600-U of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
335 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12601 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
336 of 549
Effect
antibacterial
(Pharmacological Data) Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12602 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
337 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12604 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
338 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12605 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),.
Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
339 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12606 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
340 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12607 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
341 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 25923 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
342 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL EMRSA 15 of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin (Met)/β-lactams resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
343 of 549
Effect
antibacterial
(Pharmacological Data) Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL EMRSA 16 of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin (Met)/β-lactams resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
344 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL EMRSA 17 of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin (Met)/β-lactams resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
345 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL VISA Mu3 of Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin (Van)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),.
Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
346 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL VISA Mu50 of Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin (Van)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
347 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL GISA HO42340156 of Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin (Van)/teicoplanin (Tec)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
348 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 7292 of Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
349 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 11047 of Staphylococcus epidermidis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
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Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
350 of 549
Effect
antibacterial
(Pharmacological Data) Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27848 of Staphylococcus simulans
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 53.07 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
351 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29971 of Staphylococcus xylosus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 49.72 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
352 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29974 of Staphylococcus cohnii
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 60.40 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
353 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29970 of Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 51.08 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
354 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27836 of Staphylococcus warneri
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 54.43 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
355 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27848 of Staphylococcus capitis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Results
title compound resulted in a 73.90 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
356 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 27848 of Staphylococcus hominis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 64.59 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
357 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 33753 of Staphylococcus auricularis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 80.18 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
358 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12600 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of
Data)
each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used
National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 49.24 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
359 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12600-U of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 51.24 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
360 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12600-U of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 57.34 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
361 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12601 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 57.34 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
362 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12602 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 57.66 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
363 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12604 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 55.03 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ;
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
364 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12605 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 59.55 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
365 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12606 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 53.34 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
366 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 12607 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 54.50 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
367 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 25923 of Staphylococcus aureus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 44.70 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
368 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL EMRSA 15 of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin (Met)/β-lactams resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 55.14 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
369 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL EMRSA 16 of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin (Met)/β-lactams resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Results
title compound resulted in a 67.72 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
370 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL EMRSA 17 of Staphylococcus simulans methicillin (Met)/β-lactams resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 51.05 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
371 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL VISA Mu3 of Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin (Van)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 50.73 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
372 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL VISA Mu50 of Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin (Van)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 50.11 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
373 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
CPHL GISA HO41340156 of Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin (Van)/teicoplanin (Tec)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 75.37 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
374 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 7292 of Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 41.67 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
375 of 549
Effect
antibacterial
(Pharmacological Data) Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 11047 of Staphylococcus epidermidis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 5 - activity against other staphylococci -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other staphylococcal bacterial strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DJDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 5 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 6. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 5 indicates the EPO resistance phenotype for each of the test strains, some of which are resistant to many commonly used National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC),. Methicillin (Met), Vancomycin (Van), Teicoplanin (Tec), not determined (ND)3 epidemic methicillin resistant S. aureus (EMRSA)3 vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA)3 glycopeptide resistant S. aureus (GISA).]* Other uncharacterised antibiotic resistances may be present.Table 6 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the staphylococcal strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. Even in cases where the SDDA zone increase is less than 5 mm, the interaction appears to be indifferent rather than strongly antagonistic, thus providing the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity. These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
antibiotics.Table 5 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Central Public Health Laboratory UK (CPHL)&3
Results
title compound resulted in a 57.34 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 38-41
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
376 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 737 of Propionibacterium acnes
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 6 - activity against P. acnes -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used P. acnes NCTC 737 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using BP and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt and lipid, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each
compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO (for BP, 2,3-dimethyl-&jp-hydroquinone and hydroquinone) and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, phydroquinone axidp- benzoquinone).The MC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 7 below and the SDDA results in Table 8. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 7Table 8 EPO The data in Tables 7 and 8 show that each of the quinones alone is active against P. acnes ΗCC 737, some (in particular TBHQ, 2,3-dimethyl-p-hydroquinone and 2- ethyl-p-hydroquinone) strongly so. BP is also active against the organism, although less strongly than the more active quinones. In most cases quinone activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt and lipid, which are important constituents of the human skin environment. In some cases quinone activity appears to be potentiated by one or both of the supplements.Again when BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone, the SDDA data imply a potentially synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and lipid, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 18.34 mm and the area increase 419.8 percent.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 41-43
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
377 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 737 of Propionibacterium acnes
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 6 - activity against P. acnes -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used P. acnes NCTC 737 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using BP and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt and lipid, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each
compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO (for BP, 2,3-dimethyl-&jp-hydroquinone and hydroquinone) and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, phydroquinone axidp- benzoquinone).The MC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 7 below and the SDDA results in Table 8. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 7Table 8 EPO The data in Tables 7 and 8 show that each of the quinones alone is active against P. acnes ΗCC 737, some (in particular TBHQ, 2,3-dimethyl-p-hydroquinone and 2- ethyl-p-hydroquinone) strongly so. BP is also active against the organism, although less strongly than the more active quinones. In most cases quinone activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt and lipid, which are important
constituents of the human skin environment. In some cases quinone activity appears to be potentiated by one or both of the supplements.Again when BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone, the SDDA data imply a potentially synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and lipid, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 18.34 mm and the area increase 419.8 percent. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 41-43
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
378 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 737 of Propionibacterium acnes
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 6 - activity against P. acnes -MIC, MBC (S)DDA assaysThe following experiments all used P. acnes NCTC 737 as the test organism.MIC, MBC and DDA assays, as described above, were carried out using BP and a range of different benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Supplemented DDA assays, in the presence of salt and lipid, were also conducted.Each of the quinones was then subjected, in combination with BP, to the SDDA assay described above. In each case, increases in zone diameter (mm) and area (percent) were measured with respect to those observed for the compound showing the larger zone diameters during the previous disc diffusion assays on the individual compounds. EPO For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each
compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO (for BP, 2,3-dimethyl-&jp-hydroquinone and hydroquinone) and ethanol (for TBHQ, thymoquinone, phydroquinone axidp- benzoquinone).The MC, MBC and DDA results are shown in Table 7 below and the SDDA results in Table 8. All results are collated from a number of experiments.Table 7Table 8 EPO The data in Tables 7 and 8 show that each of the quinones alone is active against P. acnes ΗCC 737, some (in particular TBHQ, 2,3-dimethyl-p-hydroquinone and 2- ethyl-p-hydroquinone) strongly so. BP is also active against the organism, although less strongly than the more active quinones. In most cases quinone activity is maintained, at least to some extent, in the presence of salt and lipid, which are important constituents of the human skin environment. In some cases quinone activity appears to be potentiated by one or both of the supplements.Again when BP is combined with a benzo/hydroquinone, the SDDA data imply a potentially synergistic antimicrobial interaction between the two, in each case with a significant increase in zone diameter over that exhibited by either compound alone.The BP/TBHQ SDDA assay was repeated in the presence of salt and lipid, as described above. Antibacterial synergy appeared to be retained under these supplemented conditions, the zone diameter increase being 18.34 mm and the area increase 419.8 percent.
Results
title compound resulted in a 9.95 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA); title compound resulted in a 19.48 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of salt; title compound resulted in a 10.37 mm disc diffusion assay (DDA) in the presence of a lipid
Location
Page/Page column 41-43
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
379 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 737 of Propionibacterium acnes
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ;
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
380 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 11865 of Propionibacterium granulosum
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
381 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-002 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
382 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-003 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table
9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
383 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-004 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.95 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
384 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-005 of Propionibacterium granulosum macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide (MLSK)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
62.5 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
385 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-007 of Propionibacterium acnes clindamycin (Clin)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
386 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-008 of Propionibacterium acnes clindamycin (Clin)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
387 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-010 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide (MLSK)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
388 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-017 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
389 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-023 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide (MLSK)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
390 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-026 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
391 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-043 of Propionibacterium granulosum macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
392 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-044 of Propionibacterium granulosum macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
393 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-046 of Propionibacterium acnes
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
1.95 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
394 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-053 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant
peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
395 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-055 of Propionibacterium granulosum
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
396 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-059 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
397 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-068 of Propionibacterium acnes erythromycin (Ery)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
398 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-101 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
399 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-102 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-
Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
400 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 25577 of Propionibacterium avidum
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
401 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 737 of Propionibacterium acnes
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
402 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 11865 of Propionibacterium granulosum
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
403 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-002 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
404 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-003 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)-resistant
Method
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against
(Pharmacological Data)
other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
405 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-004 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
406 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-005 of Propionibacterium granulosum macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide (MLSK)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type
62.5 μg/ml
(Pharmacological Data) Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
407 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-007 of Propionibacterium acnes clindamycin (Clin)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
408 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-008 of Propionibacterium acnes clindamycin (Clin)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
409 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or Test-
PRP-010 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide (MLSK)-resistant
System (Pharmacological Data) Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
410 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-017 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
411 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-023 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide (MLSK)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
412 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-026 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
413 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-043 of Propionibacterium granulosum macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
414 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-044 of Propionibacterium granulosum macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
31.25 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
415 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-046 of Propionibacterium acnes
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
416 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-053 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an
indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
417 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-055 of Propionibacterium granulosum
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
418 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-059 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
419 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-068 of Propionibacterium acnes erythromycin (Ery)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
420 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-101 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
7.8 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Show next 20
421 of 549
Hide facts Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-102 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against
(Pharmacological Data)
other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
422 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATC 25577 of Propionibacterium avidum
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MBC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
3.9 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
423 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 737 of Propionibacterium acnes
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 8.65 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
424 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
NCTC 11865 of Propionibacterium granulosum
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 11.00 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
425 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-002 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 28.42 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
426 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-003 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 38.01 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
427 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-004 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 30.32 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
428 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-005 of Propionibacterium granulosum macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide (MLSK)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
429 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-007 of Propionibacterium acnes clindamycin (Clin)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction
between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Results
title compound resulted in 13.43 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
430 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-008 of Propionibacterium acnes clindamycin (Clin)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 14.47 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
431 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-010 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide (MLSK)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 18.71 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
432 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-017 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-Lincosamide-
Streptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Results
title compound resulted in 18.40 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
433 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-023 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-ketolide (MLSK)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 23.90 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
434 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-026 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 8.18 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
435 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-043 of Propionibacterium granulosum macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the
TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains. Results
title compound resulted in 10.56 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
436 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-044 of Propionibacterium granulosum macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 10.70 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
437 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-046 of Propionibacterium acnes
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 17.46 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
438 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-053 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 23.49 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
439 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-055 of Propionibacterium granulosum
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 13.07 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
440 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-059 of Propionibacterium acnes macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 17.56 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
441 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem
PRP-068 of Propionibacterium acnes erythromycin (Ery)-resistant
(Pharmacological Data) Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 20.89 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
442 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-101 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
443 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
PRP-102 of Propionibacterium acnes tetracycline (Tet)/macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-resistant
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 23.80 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
444 of 549
Effect
antibacterial
(Pharmacological Data) Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATC 25577 of Propionibacterium avidum
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 8 - activity against other propionibacteria - MIC MBC (S)DDA assaysThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against other Propionibacteriiim spp strains, including some with known antibiotic resistance. MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays were carried out as described above for each of the strains.For all (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 9 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 10. All results are collated from a number of experiments. Table 9 indicates the resistance phenotype for each of the test strains.Table 9 EPO [Abbreviations: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), Propionibacterium Panel Number (PRP), Tetracycline (Tet), Erythromycin (Ery), Clindamycin (Clin), Macrolide-LincosamideStreptogramin (MLS), Macroliode- Lincosamide-Streptogramin-Ketolide (MLSK) .]Table 10 EPO Taking an increase in zone size of greater than 5 mm as an indicator of potential synergy, for most of the propionibacterial strains tested the combination of peroxide and hydroquinone exhibits a potentially synergistic antibacterial interaction. In some cases only a small increase in zone diameter is seen in the SDDA tests, potentially indicative of an indifferent interaction between the two test compounds - this could still provide the opportunity to prepare antimicrobial formulations with reduced levels of the potentially irritant peroxide yet without undue loss of antimicrobial activity.These results are likely to be of particular clinical value for the antibiotic resistant test strains.
Results
title compound resulted in 9.16 mm in disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 44-46
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
445 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29212 of Enterococcus faecalis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 10 - activity against E. faecalisThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against E. faecalis ATCC 29212, using MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays as described above.For the (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 12 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 13. All results are collated from a number of experiments. EPO Table 12Table 13Tables 12 and 13 show that formulations according to the invention have activity against E.faecalis as well as against a range of different staphylococcal and propionibacterial strains as shown in Examples 5 and 8. Again, although the peroxide alone has relatively low activity against this organism, when combined with the hydroquinone a significant level of antibacterial synergy is observed.BP/TBHQ combinations were also subjected to DDA and SDDA tests againstAcimtobacter bavmanni ATCC 19606, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 12344. Both test compounds were used at 200 μg per disc, the BP in DMSO and the TBHQ in ethanol. In these cases the SDDA data failed to give a clear indication of a synergistic interaction.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
15.6 μg/ml
Location
Page/Page column 47-48
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
446 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29212 of Enterococcus faecalis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 10 - activity against E. faecalisThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against E. faecalis ATCC 29212, using MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays as described above.For the (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 12 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 13. All results are collated from a number of experiments. EPO Table 12Table 13Tables 12 and 13 show that formulations according to the invention have activity against E.faecalis as well as against a range of different staphylococcal and propionibacterial strains as shown in Examples 5 and 8. Again, although the peroxide alone has relatively low activity against this organism, when combined with the hydroquinone a significant level of antibacterial synergy is observed.BP/TBHQ combinations were also subjected to DDA and SDDA tests againstAcimtobacter bavmanni ATCC 19606, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 12344. Both test compounds were used at 200 μg per disc, the BP in DMSO and the TBHQ in ethanol. In these cases the SDDA data failed to give a clear indication of a synergistic interaction.
Type (Pharmacological Data)
MIC
Value of Type (Pharmacological
31.25 μg/ml
Data) Location
Page/Page column 47-48
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
447 of 549
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antibacterial
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
ATCC 29212 of Enterococcus faecalis
Method (Pharmacological Data)
Example 10 - activity against E. faecalisThe activities of BP, TBHQ and combinations of the two were tested against E. faecalis ATCC 29212, using MIC, MBC and (S)DDA assays as described above.For the (S)DDA assays, 200 μg of each compound was loaded onto each disc. The solvents used were DMSO for the BP and ethanol for the TBHQ.The MIC and MBC results are shown in Table 12 below and the (S)DDA results in Table 13. All results are collated from a number of experiments. EPO Table 12Table 13Tables 12 and 13 show that formulations according to the invention have activity against E.faecalis as well as against a range of different staphylococcal and propionibacterial strains as shown in Examples 5 and 8. Again, although the peroxide alone has relatively low activity against this organism, when combined with the hydroquinone a significant level of antibacterial synergy is observed.BP/TBHQ combinations were also subjected to DDA and SDDA tests againstAcimtobacter bavmanni ATCC 19606, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 12344. Both test compounds were used at 200 μg per disc, the BP in DMSO and the TBHQ in ethanol. In these cases the SDDA data failed to give a clear indication of a synergistic interaction.
Results
title compound resulted in a 33.67 mm in a disc diffusion assay (DDA)
Location
Page/Page column 47-48
Reference
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2006/100495 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
448 of 549
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Effect (Pharmacological Data)
gene expression; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
HepG2 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
80 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
400x stock in dimethylsulfoxide
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 24 h; total RNA isolated, cDNA prepared, subjected to quantitative real-time PCR using ABI GeneAmp; level of UDPglucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1), AhR, PXR determined
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: vehicle; AhR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor; PXR: pregnane X receptor; mRNA levels normalized against β-actin mRNA
Results
title comp. significantly induced mRNA level (folds) of UGT1A1 (1.97), CYP1A1 (6.38), PXR (2.00), AhR (2.23)
Reference
Sugatani, Junko; Yamakawa, Kasumi; Tonda, Eri; Nishitani, Shinichi; Yoshinari, Kouichi; Degawa, Masakuni; Abe, Ikuro; Noguchi, Hiroshi; Miwa, Masao
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2004 , vol. 67, # 5 p. 989 - 1000 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
gene expression; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
HepG2 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
80 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
400x stock in dimethylsulfoxide
Method
cells transfected with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 290 bp enhancer module-tk-luciferase construct and pRL-SV40 plasmid; treated with title
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(Pharmacological Data)
comp. for 0-72 h; luciferase reporter assay
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: vehicle; fold activation calculated by dividing activity with title comp. by that without title comp.
Results
title comp. time-dependently elevated reporter activity reaching near plateau at 48 h (226 percent elevation) (figure)
Reference
Sugatani, Junko; Yamakawa, Kasumi; Tonda, Eri; Nishitani, Shinichi; Yoshinari, Kouichi; Degawa, Masakuni; Abe, Ikuro; Noguchi, Hiroshi; Miwa, Masao
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2004 , vol. 67, # 5 p. 989 - 1000 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxicity
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
dermal fibroblasts
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
3 - 3000 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
at 3-fold conc. increments
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells exposed to title comp.; conversion of (3-<4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl>-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide to formazan by mitochondrial dehydrogenase by viable cells determined spectrophotometrically
Results
title inhibited cell viability by 20 percent at 15 μmol/l
Reference
Philips; Burchill; O'Donoghue; Keller; Gonzalez
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2004 , vol. 17, # 3 p. 147 - 152 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
apoptosis induction
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
dermal fibroblasts
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
15 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells exposed to title comp.; apoptosis determined by measuring caspase 3 protease activity by using fluorometry
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
reference comp.: H2O2 (13.6 μmol/l)
Results
title comp. induced apoptosis (increased caspase 3 activity to 203 percent of control)
Reference
Philips; Burchill; O'Donoghue; Keller; Gonzalez
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2004 , vol. 17, # 3 p. 147 - 152 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
oxidant
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
dermal fibroblasts
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
15 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells exposed to title comp.; lipid peroxidation assayed by means reaction of lipid hydroperoxides with methylene blue derivative in presense of hemoglobin to yield methylene blue, color change determined spectrophotometrically
Further Details (Pharmacological
reference comp.: H2O2 (13.6 μmol/l)
Data)
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Results
title comp. stimulated lipid peroxidation (to 183 percent of control)
Reference
Philips; Burchill; O'Donoghue; Keller; Gonzalez
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2004 , vol. 17, # 3 p. 147 - 152 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
protein expression; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
dermal fibroblasts
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
15 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp.; matrix metalloproteinase 1 levels determined by indirect ELISA
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
reference comp.: H2O2 (13.6 μmol/l)
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Philips; Burchill; O'Donoghue; Keller; Gonzalez
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2004 , vol. 17, # 3 p. 147 - 152 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
anti-inflammatory
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells grown in DMEM with 5 percent FBS; transfected with TLRP; 48 h later, treated with title comp. for 1 h, followed by LPS (1 μg/ml) for 5 h; luciferase activity measured; effect on TNFα enhancer/promoter activity determined
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
controls: DMSO, LPS, and title comp. alone; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; FBS: fetal bovine serum; TLRP: TNFα luciferase reporter plasmid
Results
title comp. completely blocked LPS-induced luciferase activity in both transient and stable transfection modes; diagram
Reference
Ma, Qiang; Kinneer, Krista; Ye, Jianping; Chen, Bruce J.
Molecular Pharmacology, 2003 , vol. 64, # 2 p. 211 - 219 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
anti-inflammatory
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide
Method (Pharmacological
cells transfected with TNFα-luciferase reporter plasmid grown in 48-well plates; treated with title comp. for 1 h followed by LPS stimulation for 5 h; cell lysate analyzed for luciferase activity and effect on TNFα transcription measured
Data)
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Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: vehicle; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor α; LPS: lipopolysaccharide
Results
title comp. strongly inhibited LPS-induced TNFα transcription in both 6 and 24 h treatments times; diagram
Reference
Ma, Qiang; Kinneer, Krista; Ye, Jianping; Chen, Bruce J.
Molecular Pharmacology, 2003 , vol. 64, # 2 p. 211 - 219 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
anti-inflammatory
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells nuclear extracts
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 - 400 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro assay; nuclear extracts prepared from DMSO- or LPS- (1 μg/ml, 3 h) stimulated cells; incubated with title comp. for 30 min at RT; analyzed for NF-κB DNA binding activity and specificity by EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay)
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
controls: DMSO, LPS, and title comp. alone; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; RT: room temperature
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Ma, Qiang; Kinneer, Krista; Ye, Jianping; Chen, Bruce J.
Molecular Pharmacology, 2003 , vol. 64, # 2 p. 211 - 219 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
anti-inflammatory
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 1 h, followed by LPS (1 μg/ml) for 30-120 min; nuclear extracts prepared, analyzed for NF-κB by immunoblotting; effect on NFκB nuclear translocation and accumulation of NF-κB p65 subunit studied
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: vehicle; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; further, effect on nuclear accumulation of NF-κB p65 subunit studied, using YO-PRO stained nucleus, by immunofluorescent microscopy
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Ma, Qiang; Kinneer, Krista; Ye, Jianping; Chen, Bruce J.
Molecular Pharmacology, 2003 , vol. 64, # 2 p. 211 - 219 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
anti-inflammatory
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells
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Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells transfected with pIKKβ-FLAG; 24 h later, treated with title comp. for 1-3 h, followed by stimulation with LPS (10 μg/ml) for 30 min; lysate collected, IKK complex immunoprecipitated; effect on IKK activity studied using IκBα as substrate
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
controls: vehicle, LPS; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; IKK: IκBα kinase complex; signaling pathway analyzed
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Ma, Qiang; Kinneer, Krista; Ye, Jianping; Chen, Bruce J.
Molecular Pharmacology, 2003 , vol. 64, # 2 p. 211 - 219 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
anti-inflammatory
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells grown to confluence; incubated in DMEM without serum for 18 h; treated with title comp. for 1 h, followed by LPS (1 μg/ml) for 5-120 min; cell lysate analyzed by IB with antibodies specific for IκBα; effect on IκBα degradation studied
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: vehicle; IκBα is kinase enzyme complex; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; IB: immunoblotting; signaling pathway analyzed
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Ma, Qiang; Kinneer, Krista; Ye, Jianping; Chen, Bruce J.
Molecular Pharmacology, 2003 , vol. 64, # 2 p. 211 - 219 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
mRNA expression; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human colon carcinoma HCA-7 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
25 - 50 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells starved overnight in serum-free medium; title comp. added for 6 h; total RNA isolated; cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal glutathione Stransferase 1-like 1 (MGST1-L1) mRNA estimated using real-time polymerase chain reaction
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
mRNA: messenger ribonucleic acid; further invest.: 5 h incubation with interleukin-1β (IL-1β, 5 ng/ml, 1 h after title comp.) with or without indolo<3,2b>carbazole (ICZ)
Results
title comp. at 20 and 50 μmol/l increased COX-2 mRNA level 2 and 3-fold, resp.; further increased COX-2 mRNA above IL-1β-induced, but not IL-1β/ICZinduced level; antagonized IL-1β-stimulated MGST1-L1 expression
Reference
Sherratt, Philip J.; McLellan, Lesley I.; Hayes, John D.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2003 , vol. 66, # 1 p. 51 - 61 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological
transmitter release; inhibition of
Data)
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Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human colon carcinoma HCA-7 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
25 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells starved overnight in serum-free medium; stimulated with AA for 15 min, 37 deg C, simultaneously with title comp. treatment or after 24 h title comp. incubation; prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release measured in culture medium by enzyme immunoassay
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
AA: arachidonic acid; further invest.: 23 h incubation with interleukin-1β (IL-1β, 5 ng/ml, 1 h after title comp.)
Results
title comp. decreased PGE2 production to 44 percent of control after 24 h incubation, to 18 percent of control with simultaneous stimulation; IL-1β-induced PGE2 production was reduced by 24 h incubation with title comp. below that of untreated cells
Reference
Sherratt, Philip J.; McLellan, Lesley I.; Hayes, John D.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2003 , vol. 66, # 1 p. 51 - 61 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
transcriptional activity; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human hepatoma Hep-G2 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
25 - 50 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells transfected with COX-2 gene promoter CAT reporter construct; recovered overnight in serum-free medium; treated with title comp.; reporter gene activity assayed by measuring CAT activity
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
CAT: chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; further invest.: co-transfection with mouse Nrf2 transcription factor coding sequence
Results
title comp. increased CAT activity dose-dependently; effect was enhanced by Nrf2 co-transfection (figure)
Reference
Sherratt, Philip J.; McLellan, Lesley I.; Hayes, John D.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2003 , vol. 66, # 1 p. 51 - 61 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxicity
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human monocytic leukemia U937 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
Ca. 1E-07 - 0.005 mol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in ethanol:dodecane (98:2, v/v)
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 24 h; medium replaced with RPMI 1640 medium containing neutral red for 3 h; cytotoxicity determined by uptake of neutral red; absorbance read at 540 nm
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: vehicle
Results
title comp. showed concentration-dependent inhibition of neutral red uptake; inhibition was detected at higher than 1E-5 mol/l title comp. concentration and almost complete inhibition was observed at 1E-3 mol/l title comp. concentration; fig.
Reference
Okubo; Yokoyama; Kano
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2003 , vol. 41, # 5 p. 679 - 688 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological
cell morphology; effect on
Data)
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Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human monocytic leukemia U937 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1.5 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 3 or 6 h; stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride and examined under fluorescence microscopy
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: cells treated with ethanol/dodecane (98:2, v/v)
Results
at 1 or 2 h, title comp.-treated cells did not show frequent nuclear condensation which became distinct at 3 and 6 h; time-dependent increase in nuclear condensation and fragmentation were observed; fig.
Reference
Okubo; Yokoyama; Kano
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2003 , vol. 41, # 5 p. 679 - 688 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cell morphology; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human monocytic leukemia U937 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1.5 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 3 h and replaced with PBS (pH 7.4); stained with 2percent (w/v) aqueous uranyl acetate for 2 h and examined under electron microscopy
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: untreated cells; VLS: vacuole-like structure
Results
title comp. caused disruption in mitochondrial structure as compared with control; degradation of cristae and intramitochondrial structure, defects in mitochondrial bilayer and VLS were frequently obsd.; ultrastructure of cells was also similar; fig.
Reference
Okubo; Yokoyama; Kano
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2003 , vol. 41, # 5 p. 679 - 688 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
mitochondrial transmembrane potential; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human monocytic leukemia U937 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1.5 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 1 h; stained with 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanine at room temperature for 20 min; mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed by FACScalibur flow cytometer
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: untreated cells
Results
title comp. treatment caused disruption in mitochondrial transmembrane potential; fig.
Reference
Okubo; Yokoyama; Kano
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2003 , vol. 41, # 5 p. 679 - 688 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
apoptosis induction
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological
human monocytic leukemia U937 cells
Data)
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Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
0.5 - 2 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 3 h or 2-4 h; lysed; centrifuged; supernatant collected; DEVDase (caspase-3 or -9) activity determined using Ac-DEVD-7amino-4-methylcoumarin as substrate
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: ethanol:dodecane (98:2, v/v) treated cells; further study with glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC); caspase cascade plays an essential role in internucleosomal DNA laddering that typifies apoptotic cell death
Results
title comp. increased DEVDase activity conc. and time-dependently; with 1.5 mmol/l, highest activity were obsd. at 3 h which drastically decreased at 4 h; GSH completely inhibited DEVDase; NAC slightly affected title comp. induced effect; fig.
Reference
Okubo; Yokoyama; Kano
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2003 , vol. 41, # 5 p. 679 - 688 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
apoptosis induction
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human monocytic leukemia U937 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1.5 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 3 h; lysed; centrifuged; supernatant collected; caspase-6, -9, -8, and -1/-4 activity determined using VEID, LHED, IETD and YVAD, respectively as substrate
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: cells treated with ethanol:dodecane (98:2, v/v); caspase cascade plays an essential role in internucleosomal DNA laddering that typifies apoptotic cell death
Results
title comp. induced caspase-9 and -6, though increase of activity was not great; title comp. induced caspase-8 activity; induction of caspase-1 and -4 activity was barely detected; table
Reference
Okubo; Yokoyama; Kano
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2003 , vol. 41, # 5 p. 679 - 688 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
apoptosis induction
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human monocytic leukemia U937 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1.5 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. in presence of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) for 1.5 to 6 h; lysed; cell lysates separated on 7.5percent SDSpolyacrylamide gels and PARP cleavage determined by Western blotting
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
PARP which contains DEVD peptide sequence is one of the target of DEVDase (caspase-3, -7); caspase cascade plays an essential role in internucleosomal DNA laddering that typifies apoptotic cell death
Results
title comp. treated cells showed PARP cleavage at 1.5 h and almost all 116-kDa peptide was cleaved at 4.5 h; in cells treated with title comp., an 89-kDa peptide was detected in addition to original 116-kDa PARP peptide; fig.
Reference
Okubo; Yokoyama; Kano
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2003 , vol. 41, # 5 p. 679 - 688 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
apoptosis induction
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human monocytic leukemia U937 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological
1.5 mmol/l
Data)
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Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 3 to 6 h; lysed; cell lysates separated on 14percent SDS-polyacrylamide gel and active caspase-3 and -7 detected by Western blotting
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
caspase cascade plays an essential role in internucleosomal DNA laddering that typifies apoptotic cell death
Results
title comp. apparently processed procaspase-3 and -7 to active forms in cells; fig.
Reference
Okubo; Yokoyama; Kano
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2003 , vol. 41, # 5 p. 679 - 688 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
glutathione levels; decrease of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human monocytic leukemia U937 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
0.5 - 2 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 3 h; washed; glutathione was extracted with perchloric acid; after addition of o-phthalaldehyde, fluorescence with excitation at 350 nm and emission at 420 nm; reduced glutathione level determined
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: cells treated with ethanol:dodecane (98:2, v/v)
Results
title comp. decreased glutathione levels dose-dependently and showed maximal effect at 1.5 mmol/l title comp. concentration; fig.
Reference
Okubo; Yokoyama; Kano
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2003 , vol. 41, # 5 p. 679 - 688 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
apoptosis induction
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human monocytic leukemia U937 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1.5 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 3 h; cytosolic extracts prepared; cytosolic protein was separated on 15percent SDS-polyacrylamide gel; release of cytochrome c detected by Western blotting
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: cells treated with ethanol:dodecane (98:2, v/v); release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol has been implicated as an important step in apoptosis
Results
title comp. showed denser bands of cytochrome c than control; title comp. treatment caused release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol; fig.
Reference
Okubo; Yokoyama; Kano
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2003 , vol. 41, # 5 p. 679 - 688 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
intracellular ATP levels; effect on
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human monocytic leukemia U937 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
0.5 - 2 mmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 1 h in presence or absence of glucose (GLU); lysed; centrifuged; supernatant collected; intracellular ATP concentration was determined using luminometer control: cells treated with ethanol:dodecane (98:2, v/v)
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
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Results
in the absence of GLU, title comp. caused drastic conc.-dependent decrease in ATP at 15 min; at 1.0, 1.5 mmol/l, ATP decrease was about 10, 50percent of control in absence/presence of GLU, respectively; in presence of GLU, ATP decrease was moderate; fig.
Reference
Okubo; Yokoyama; Kano
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2003 , vol. 41, # 5 p. 679 - 688 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme; expression of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
rat hepatoma H4IIE cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
500 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. was dissolved in DMSO
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells were maint. in monolayer cult.; treated with title comp. for 12 h (with or without pretreatment with CHX (1 μmol/l) for 1 h); mRNA isolated; Northern blot analysis using rCYP1A1 cDNA probes performed
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
CHX: cycloheximide; CYP1A1: cytochrome P450 1A1; further investigation on mechanism of action by using actinomycin-D and PD98059; control: DMSO (0.1 percent)
Results
title comp. induced expression of CYP1A1 mRNA; no synergistic effect of title comp. with cycloheximide
Reference
Lamb, John G.; Franklin, Michael R.
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2002 , vol. 16, # 4 p. 154 - 161 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme; expression of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
rat hepatoma H4IIE cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1 - 500 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. was dissolved in DMSO
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells were maint. in monolayer cultures; treated with title comp. for 12 h; mRNA isolated; Northern blot analysis using rGSTA2 cDNA probes performed
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
GSTA2: glutathione S-transferase A2; control: DMSO (0.1 percent)
Results
title comp. dose-dep. induced expression of GSTA2 mRNA from ca. 1.5 to 8.5 rGSTA2 mRNA; linear dose-response curve, (fig.)
Reference
Lamb, John G.; Franklin, Michael R.
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2002 , vol. 16, # 4 p. 154 - 161 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme; expression of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
rat hepatoma H4IIE cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
500 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological
title comp. was dissolved in DMSO
Data)
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Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells were maint. in monolayer cultures; 60-80 percent confluent cells transfected with luciferase expression plasmid; incub. overnight; treated with title comp. for 24 h; whole cell extracts prep.; luciferase activ. determ. for assessment of GSTA2 expression
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
GSTA2: glutathione S-transferase A2; luciferase reporter constracts contained various region of the rGSTA gene promotor region; controls: naive cells (received no chemical treatment), DMSO (0.1 percent)
Results
title comp. sign. induced expression of GSTA2, results depended on vector type; the highest degree of expression was observed in case of 1.72 kb constract (42824 in respect to control naive cells 176 units luciferase activity), (tab.)
Reference
Lamb, John G.; Franklin, Michael R.
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2002 , vol. 16, # 4 p. 154 - 161 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxicity
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
rat hepatoma H4IIE cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
500 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. was dissolved in DMSO
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells were maintained in monolayer cultures; near-confluent cells in 6-well plates were treated with title comp. for 24 h; medium replaced; WST-8 reagent added (30 μl); after further 3 h incubation absorbance at 460 nm measured
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
controls: naive cells (received no chemical treatment), DMSO (0.1 percent)
Results
title comp. induced 32 percent decrease in cell viability (fig.)
Reference
Lamb, John G.; Franklin, Michael R.
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2002 , vol. 16, # 4 p. 154 - 161 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
RNA; examination of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse Hepa-1c1c7 hepatoma cell culture
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
0.4 - 100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium+fetal bovine serum; in logarithmic growth phase treated with title comp.; RNA extracted; sizeseparated; Northern blotted; transcripts semi-quantified
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
effect on induction of subunits of GCL studied; GCL: glutamate-cysteine ligase; GCLM and GCLC: modifier and catalytic subunit of GCL, respectively; mechanism of increase studied
Results
dose-dependent increase of GCLM RNA; 50 μmol/l title comp. induced maximum increase: ca. 10-fold; moderated increase of GCLC RNA: ca. 2-fold; no cell toxicity after 24 h treatment with 50 μmol/l; diagrams given
Reference
Solis, Willy A.; Dalton, Timothy P.; Dieter, Matthew Z.; Freshwater, Sarah; Harrer, Judy M.; He, Lei; Shertzer, Howard G.; Nebert, Daniel W. Biochemical Pharmacology, 2002 , vol. 63, # 9 p. 1739 - 1754 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
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Effect (Pharmacological Data)
genotoxic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological
supercoiled φX-174 RF I double-stranded plasmid DNA
Data)
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Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1 - 100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
DNA incub. in presence of title comp. with/without Cu(2+) (1-10 μmol/l) for 30 min at 37 deg C in PBS; electrophoresed and stained with ethidium bromide; DNA strand breaks determined by measuring formation of open circular and linear DNA forms
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
PBS: phosphate buffered saline; additional experiment performed with Cu(2+) (10 μmol/l; induced no genotoxicity); control: untreated DNA
Results
title comp. alone induced no genotoxicity; in presence of Cu(2+) dose-depend. induced DNA strand breaks; complete supercoiled double-stranded DNA degradation observed at title comp. conc. of 100 μmol/l in presence of Cu(2+) (1-10 μmol/l); figs.
Reference
Li, Yunbo; Seacat, Andrew; Kuppusamy, Periannan; Zweier, Jay L; Yager, James D; Trush, Michael A
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2002 , vol. 518, # 2 p. 123 - 133 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
genotoxic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
supercoiled φX-174 RF I double-stranded plasmid DNA
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
DNA incub. in presence of title comp. with Cu(2+) (10 μmol/l) and various additives for 30 min at 37 deg C in PBS; electrophoresed and stained with ethidium bromide; genotoxicity assessed by measuring formation of open circular and linear DNA forms
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
additives: BCS, GSH, catalase, NaN3, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone; BCS: bathocuproinedisulfonic acid; GSH: reduced glutathione; PBS: phosphate buffered saline; negative control: untreated DNA; positive control: title comp. with Cu(2+) (10 μmol/l)
Results
addition of BCS (40 μmol/l), GSH (1 mmol/l), catalase (200 U/ml), NaN3 (100 mmol/l) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone (100 mmol/l) inhibited title comp./Cu(2+)-induced genotoxicity; fig.
Reference
Li, Yunbo; Seacat, Andrew; Kuppusamy, Periannan; Zweier, Jay L; Yager, James D; Trush, Michael A
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2002 , vol. 518, # 2 p. 123 - 133 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
genotoxic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
supercoiled φX-174 RF I double-stranded plasmid DNA
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
DNA incub. in presence of title comp. with Cu(2+) (10 μmol/l) and various additives for 30 min at 37 deg C in PBS; electrophoresed and stained with ethidium bromide; genotoxicity assessed by measuring formation of open circular and linear DNA forms
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
additives: superoxide dismutase, heat-inactivated superoxide dismutase and catalase, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide, mannitol; PBS: phosphate buffered saline; negative control: untreated DNA; positive control: title comp. with Cu(2+) (10 mmol/l)
Results
addition of superoxide dismutase (200 U/ml), heat-inactivated superoxide dismutase and catalase, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (100 mmol/l) and mannitol (100 mmol/l) showed no effect on title comp./Cu(2+)-induced genotoxicity; figs.
Reference
Li, Yunbo; Seacat, Andrew; Kuppusamy, Periannan; Zweier, Jay L; Yager, James D; Trush, Michael A
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2002 , vol. 518, # 2 p. 123 - 133 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
genotoxic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
hepatocytes of rat
Concentration (Pharmacological
10 - 50 μmol/l
Data)
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Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells pretreated/untreated with various additives for 30 min and incub. in presence of title comp. for further 60 min at 37 deg C in PBS; nuclear DNA isolated and hydrolyzed; genotoxicity assessed by measuring 8-OHdG formation using HPLC/ECD method
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
cells isolated from female F-344 rats; additives: bathocuproine and neocuproine (both at conc. of 50 μmol/l); 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; HPLC/ECD: high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection; control: untreated cells
Results
title comp. alone dose-depend. induced 8-OHdG formation; addition of bathocuproine and neocuproine inhibited title comp. induced genotoxicity; fig.
Reference
Li, Yunbo; Seacat, Andrew; Kuppusamy, Periannan; Zweier, Jay L; Yager, James D; Trush, Michael A
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2002 , vol. 518, # 2 p. 123 - 133 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
metabolic
Endpoint of Effect (Pharmacological Data)
MRP1 mRNA and protein expression
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
MCF-7 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
50 - 200 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
50, 100, and 200 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells were cultivated in suppl. RPMI 1640 medium in the pres. of title comp. for 48 h; total RNA was isolated; plasma membrane fraction was prepared; Northern and Western blot analysis
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
multidrug resistance protein (MRP)
Results
title comp. induced MRP1 mRNA and protein levels ca. 2-fold
Reference
Schrenk, Dieter; Baus, Petra R.; Ermel, Nadine; Klein, Christopher; Vorderstemann, Birgit; Kauffmann, Hans-Martin
Toxicology Letters, 2001 , vol. 120, # 1-3 p. 51 - 57 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme expression
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer HCT116 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells containing wild-type p53 were treated with title comp. for various lengths of time; total cellular RNA was prepared, levels of γglutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCSh) and MRP1 were determined by the RNase protection assay
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
effect of title comp. on γ-GCSh and multidrug-resistance protein 1 (MRP1) expression
Results
modestly but singif. increased γ-GCSh and MRP1 levels, max. induction (after 10 h) 2.78- and 1.52-fold (diagram)
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme expression
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer SW480 cell line
100 μmol/l
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
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Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells containing p53 mutant status were treated with title comp. for various lengths of time; total cellular RNA was prepared, levels of γglutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCSh) and MRP1 were determined by the RNase protection assay
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
effect of title comp. on γ-GCSH and multidrug-resistance protein 1 (MRP1) expression
Results
modestly increased γ-GCSh and MRP1 levels, max. induction (after 6 h) 1.77- and 1.25-fold, respectively (diagram)
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme expression
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer HT29 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells containing p53 mutant status were treated with title comp. for various lengths of time; total cellular RNA was prepared, levels of γglutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCSh) and MRP1 were determined by the RNase protection assay
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
effect of title comp. on γ-GCSh and multidrug-resistance protein 1 (MRP1) expression
Results
signif. increased γ-GCSh levels and modestly increased MRP1 levels, max. induction (after 24 h) 7.07- and 1.61-fold, respectively (diagram)
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme expression
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer Caco2 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells containing p53 mutant status were treated with title comp. for various lengths of time; total cellular RNA was prepared, levels of γ-GCSh and multidrug-resistance protein 1 (MRP1) were determined by the RNase protection assay
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
effect of title comp. on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCSh) and MRP1 expression
Results
signif. increased γ-GCSh and MRP1 levels, max. induction (after 24 h) 4.51- and 2.49-fold, respectively (diagram)
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme expression
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer 4016 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological
in vitro; cells with p53 mutant status, one p53 allele replaced with a drug-resistance marker (neomycin), were treated with title comp. for various lengths of time; total cellul. RNA was prepared, γ-GCSh and MRP1 levels deter. by RNase protection assay
Data)
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Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
effect of title comp. on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCSh) and multidrug-resistance protein 1 (MRP1) expression
Results
signif. increased γ-GCSh levels and only modest increased MRP1 levels, max. induction (after 10 h) 2.76- and 1.14-fold, respectively (diagram)
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme expression
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer 379.2 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells with p53 mutant status, both p53 alleles replaced with a drug-resistance marker (neomycin), were treated with title comp. for various lengths of time; total cellul. RNA was prepared, γ-GCSh and MRP1 levels deter. by RNase protect. assay
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
effect of title comp. on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCSh) and multidrug-resistance protein 1 (MRP1) expression
Results
signif. increased γ-GCSh and MRP1 levels, max. induction (after 10 h) 5.01- and 2.32-fold, respectively (diagram)
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme expression
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer 8054 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells with wild-type p53, both p21 alleles have been knocked out, were treated with title comp. for various lengths of time; total cellular RNA was prepared, γ-GCSh and MRP1 levels determined by RNase protection assay
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
effect of title comp. on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCSh) and multidrug-resistance protein 1 (MRP1) expression
Results
only modestly increased γ-GCSh and MRP1 levels, max. induction (after 6 h) 2.14- and 1.44-fold, respectively (diagram)
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme expression
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer HCT116 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells containing wild-type p53 were treated with title comp. for various lengths of time (2-24 h); total cellular RNA was prepared, levels of multidrug-resistance protein (MPR) members were determined by the RNase protection assay
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
effect of title comp. on MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, MRP5 and MRP6 expression
title comp. induced expression of MRP2 and MRP3, expression of MRP4 and MRP5 was induced only marginally; expression of MRP6 was not detected in
Results
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this cells (diagram)
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme expression
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer 379.2 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells contain. mutant p53 status (both p53 replaced with drug-resistance marker (neomycin)) were treated with title comp. for 2-24 h; total cellular RNA was prepared, levels of MPR members were determined by the RNase protection assay
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
effect of title comp. on multidrug-resistnace protein (MRP) members (MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, MRP5 and MRP6) expression
Results
title comp. induced expression of MRP2 and MRP3, expression of MRP4 and MRP5 was induced only marginally; expression of MRP6 was not detected in this cells (diagram)
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
glutathione; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer HCT116 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells containing wild-type p53 were treated with title comp. for 0-24 h; total cellular glutathione measured
Results
treatment with title comp. significantly increased intracellular glutathione levels (diagram)
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
glutathione; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer HT29 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells containing mutant p53 status were treated with title comp. for 0-24 h; total cellular glutathione measured
Results
treatment with title comp. significantly increased intracellular glutathione levels (diagram)
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
glutathione; induction of
Species or TestSystem
colorectal cancer 8054 cell line
(Pharmacological Data)
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Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells containing wild-type p53 (and both p21 alleles have been knocked out) were treated with title comp. for 0-24 h; total cellular glutathione measured
Results
treatment with title comp. significantly increased intracellular glutathione levels (diagram)
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
glutathione; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer Caco2 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells containing mutant p53status were treated with title comp. for 0-24 h; total cellular glutathione measured
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
glutathione; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer 397.2 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells containing mutant p53status, both p53 alleles were replaced by a drug-resistance marker (neomycin), were treated with title comp. for 0-24 h; total cellular glutathione measured
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
glutathione; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
colorectal cancer 4016 cell line
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; cells containing mutant p53status, one p53 allele was replaced by a drug-resistance marker (neomycin), were treated with title comp. for 0-24 h; total cellular glutathione measured
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
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Reference
Lin-Lee, Yen-Chiu; Tatebe, Shigeru; Savaraj, Niramol; Ishikawa, Toshihisa; Tien Kuo
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 563 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
mutagenic (microorganism)
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Escherichia coli IC204
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
150 μg/plate
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in water
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; plate incorporation assay; Difco agar; minimal ET4 plates; 37 deg C; 2 d; number of revertants per plates counted
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
mut+ WP2 uvrA/pKM101 bacterial strain
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Martinez, Alicia; Urios, Amparo; Blanco, Manuel
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2000 , vol. 467, # 1 p. 41 - 53 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
mutagenic (microorganism)
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Escherichia coli IC206
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
150 μg/plate
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in water
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; plate incorporation assay; Difco agar; minimal ET4 plates; 37 deg C; 2 d; number of revertants per plates counted
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
mutY WP2 uvrA/pKM101 bacterial strain
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Martinez, Alicia; Urios, Amparo; Blanco, Manuel
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2000 , vol. 467, # 1 p. 41 - 53 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
mutagenic (microorganism)
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Escherichia coli IC208
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
150 μg/plate
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in water
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Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; plate incorporation assay; Difco agar; minimal ET4 plates; 37 deg C; 2 d; number of revertants per plates counted
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
mutY oxyR WP2 uvrA/pKM101 bacterial strain
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Martinez, Alicia; Urios, Amparo; Blanco, Manuel
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2000 , vol. 467, # 1 p. 41 - 53 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxicity
Endpoint of Effect (Pharmacological Data)
growth
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Escherichia coli IC203
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1000 μg/disc
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
paper discs (6 mm in diameter) impregnated with title comp. dissolved in water
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; LA plates; paper discs impregnated with title comp. placed on solidified top agar; in the pres. and abs. of S9 mix; inhibition zone determined
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
WP2 uvrA/pKM101 bacterial strain deficient in OxyR
Results
diameter of inhibition zone 7-13 mm; cytotoxicity of title comp. inhibited by S9
Reference
Martinez, Alicia; Urios, Amparo; Blanco, Manuel
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2000 , vol. 467, # 1 p. 41 - 53 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxicity
Endpoint of Effect (Pharmacological Data)
growth
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Escherichia coli IC188
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1000 μg/disc
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
paper discs (6 mm in diameter) impregnated with title comp. dissolved in water
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; LA plates; paper discs impregnated with title comp. placed on solidified top agar; incubated overnight; diameter of inhibition zone determined
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
parent WP2 uvrA/pKM101 bacterial strain
Results
diameter of inhibition zone 7 mm
Reference
Martinez, Alicia; Urios, Amparo; Blanco, Manuel
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2000 , vol. 467, # 1 p. 41 - 53 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect
mutagenic (microorganism)
(Pharmacological Data)
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Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Escherichia coli IC203
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
50 - 150 μg/plate
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in water
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; plate incorporation assay; Difco agar; minimal ET4 plates; 37 deg C; 2 d; with and without metabolic activation with S9 mix; number of revertants per plates counted
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
WP2 uvrA/pKM101 bacterial strain deficient in OxyR
Results
oxidative mutagenesis in the abs. of S9 mix; mutagenesis inhibited by S9
Reference
Martinez, Alicia; Urios, Amparo; Blanco, Manuel
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2000 , vol. 467, # 1 p. 41 - 53 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
mutagenic (microorganism)
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Escherichia coli IC188
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
50 - 150 μg/plate
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in water
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; plate incorporation assay; Difco agar; minimal ET4 plates; 37 deg C; 2 d; number of revertants per plates counted
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
parent WP2 uvrA/pKM101 bacterial strain
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Martinez, Alicia; Urios, Amparo; Blanco, Manuel
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2000 , vol. 467, # 1 p. 41 - 53 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antidiabetic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Sprague-Dawley rat
Sex
male
Route of Application
peroral
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. mixed with AIN-76 diet at dose of 0.028 g/kg diet; admin. for 7 d before and after administration of streptozotocin
Method (Pharmacological Data)
5-wks old rats; diabetes induced by admin. of streptozotocin; rats killed 7 d after admin. of streptozotocin; islets isol.; glucose-stimulated insulin release exam.
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
rats kept at 23 deg C; 12:12 h light:dark cycle
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Results
body weight gain increased ; serum glucose conc. decreased; glucose-stimul. insulin secretion from pancreatic islet increased compared to control; diabetogenic action of streptozotocin prevented
Reference
Nishizono; Hayami; Ikeda; Imaizumi
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 2000 , vol. 64, # 6 p. 1153 - 1158 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antimutagenic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Salmonella typhimurium TA98
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; bacterial suspension containing title comp. and N-OH-Trp-P2; incub. for 20 min; poured on agar medium of minimal glucose; His+-revertant colonies count. after 2-d culture
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
N-OH-Trp-P-2 = N-hydroxy-3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido<4,3-b>indole; scavenging activity of title comp. eval. from suppression of mutation induced ny NOH-Trp-P-2; IC50 = conc. required for 50 percent scavenging of N-OH-Trp-P-2 radicals before damage to DNA
Type (Pharmacological Data)
IC50
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data)
0.70 mmol/l
Reference
Sun, Mingzhou; Sakakibara, Hiroyuki; Ashida, Hitoshi; Danno, Gen-Ichi; Kanazawa, Kazuki
Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2000 , vol. 64, # 11 p. 2395 - 2401 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
genotoxic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
pUC18 DNA
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
0.001 mol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
DNA (0.3 μg) incubated with title comp. in tris-HCl (pH 8.0) at 37 deg C for 60 min; electrophoresis of 0.7 percent agarose gel; DNA bands were stained and visialized under irradiation with UV light at 312 nm; gel was scanned with densitometer
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: without title comp.
Results
title comp. increased cleavage of DNA to about 17.6 percent (figure, diagram)
Reference
Okubo, Tomoko; Nagai, Fumiko; Seto, Takako; Satoh, Kanako; Ushiyama, Keiko; Kano, Itsu
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2000 , vol. 23, # 2 p. 199 - 203 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
protein; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Caco-2 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
80 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
preconfluent Caco-2 clone TC-7 cells incubated for 72 h with title comp.; homogenate proteins separated, blotted and reacted with rabbit anti-sheep antibodies for UGT1A6 and goat anti-rabbit antibodies for MRP2 (multidrug resistance protein 2)
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
imaging, and quantitative analysis performed as described previously; quantification is based on mg cell protein; 100 percent represents protein levels in solvent controls contg. DMSO
Results
title comp. induced protein levels of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A6 to 303 percent and of the apical conjugate export pump MRP2 to 186 percent over the control; coordinate induction of UGT1A6 and MRP2 by title comp.
Reference
Bock, Karl Walter; Eckle, Tilman; Ouzzine, Mohamed; Fournel-Gigleux, Sylvie
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2000 , vol. 59, # 5 p. 467 - 470 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
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Effect (Pharmacological Data)
genetic toxicity in vitro
Endpoint of Effect (Pharmacological Data)
chromosome damage
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
15 - 125 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
15, 31, 62 and 125 μM
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; chromosome damages induced in CHO cells treated with title comp. in the presence of washed rat liver microsomes were evaluated; mitotic index, cells with aberrations and aberrations per 100 cells were recorded
Results
sign. dose-dependent chromosome damaging effect: decrease in mitotic index from 6.5 percent in control to 0 percent at 125 μM, increase in cells with aberrations from 3 to 47 percent at 62 μM, increase in total number of aberrations per 100 cells from 3 to 114 at 125 μM
Reference
Anderson; Phillips
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1999 , vol. 37, # 9-10 p. 1015 - 1025 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
ryanodine receptor complex; modification of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
New Zealand White rabbit skeletal muscle SR membranes
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
<= 100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide
Method (Pharmacological Data)
SR vesicles (50 μg/ml) placed in solution A at 37 deg C for 3 min; title comp. added for 30 min; CPM added; CPM fluorescence monitored by spectrofluorometer; SDS-PAGE of CPM-labeled SR protein performed
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
SR: sarcoplasmic reticulum; CPM: 7-diethylamino-3-(4'-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin; SDS-PAGE: SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; solution A contained KCl, MOPS (pH 7.0) and 1 mmol/l MgCl2; solvent control
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
No effect
Reference
Feng, Wei; Liu, Guohua; Xia, Ruohong; Abramson, Jonathan J.; Pessah, Isaac N.
Molecular Pharmacology, 1999 , vol. 55, # 5 p. 821 - 831 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
gene expression; increase of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human hepatoblastoma Hep-G2 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 - 200 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO to prepare high strength stock solutions, which were diluted with medium to obtain desired concentrations
Method (Pharmacological
cells treated for 4-16 h with title comp.; total RNA extracted; treated with DNase; separated on agarose gel and Northern blotted to determine expression of c-jun gene and that of detoxifying enxyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1)
Data)
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Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: vehicle
Results
title comp. treatment led to 2- to 3-fold increase in expression of c-jun and NQO1 genes; an increase in concentration from 100 to 200 μmol/l led to further increase in expression of c-jun gene, but NQO1 gene expression remained unchanged; fig.
Reference
Radjendirane, Venugopal; Jaiswal, Anil K.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1999 , vol. 58, # 4 p. 597 - 603 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
gene expression; increase of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human hepatoblastoma Hep-G2 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO to prepare high strength stock solutions, which were diluted with medium to obtain desired concentrations
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated for 4-16 h with title comp.; total RNA extracted; treated with DNase; separated on agarose gel and Northern blotted to determine expression of c-jun gene and that of detoxifying enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1)
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: vehicle
Results
title comp. caused maximum expression of c-jun and NQO1 genes at 4 h and it remained unchanged at 8 h of treatment; increase in time of exposure to 16 h resulted in substantial decrease in expression of c-jun and NQO1 genes; fig.
Reference
Radjendirane, Venugopal; Jaiswal, Anil K.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1999 , vol. 58, # 4 p. 597 - 603 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
gene expression; increase of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human hepatoblastoma Hep-G2 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
10 - 200 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO to prepare high strength stock solutions, which were diluted with medium to obtain desired concentrations
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated for 16 h with title comp.; total RNA extracted; treated with DNase; separated on agarose gel and Northern blotted to determine expression cjun gene and that of detoxifying enzyme NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1)
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: vehicle
Results
title comp. treatment resulted in concentration-dependent increase in expression of c-jun and NQO1 genes; fig.
Reference
Radjendirane, Venugopal; Jaiswal, Anil K.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1999 , vol. 58, # 4 p. 597 - 603 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
gene expression; increase of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human hepatoblastoma Hep-G2 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 - 200 μmol/l
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Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO to prepare high strength stock solutions, which were diluted with medium to obtain desired concentrations
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated for 16 h with title comp.; total RNA extracted; treated with DNase; separated on agarose gel and Northern blotted to determine gene expression of detoxifying enzyme NRH:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO2)
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
control: vehicle
Results
NQO2 gene expression was slightly higher with 200 μmol/l title comp. than with 100 μmol/l title comp.; fig.
Reference
Radjendirane, Venugopal; Jaiswal, Anil K.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1999 , vol. 58, # 4 p. 597 - 603 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
gene expression; increase of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human hepatoblastoma Hep-G2 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 - 200 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
title comp. dissolved in DMSO to prepare high strength stock solutions, which were diluted with medium to obtain desired concentrations
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells co-transfected with plasmids pCJ4.5-CAT, pCJ1.7-CAT and pCJ-ARE-tk-CAT and pRSV-β-galactosidase; after 32 h, treated with title comp. for 16 h; analyzed for β-galactosidase and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) activity
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
pCJ-tk-CAT contain antioxidant responsive element (ARE) from c-jun genes attached to CAT gene; pCJ4.5-CAT, pCJ1.7-CAT contain 4.5, 1.7 kb of c-jun promoter regulating the CAT gene, resp.
Results
title comp. treatment resulted in increased expression of ARE-mediated CAT gene as well as the expression of CAT gene mediated by 4.5 and 1.7 kb of cjun promoter but the fold induction was signif. lower than that of endogenous c-jun gene; fig.
Reference
Radjendirane, Venugopal; Jaiswal, Anil K.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1999 , vol. 58, # 4 p. 597 - 603 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
gene expression; increase of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human hepatoblastoma Hep-G2 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
100 - 200 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells co-transfected with plasmids hARE-tk-CAT, GST Ya ARE-tk-CAT and pRSV-β-galactosidase; after 32 h, treated with title comp. for 16 h; analyzed for βgalactosidase and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) activity
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
hARE-tk-CAT, GST YA ARE-tk-CAT contain antioxidant responsive element (ARE) from NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1, human), glutathione Stransferase (GST) Ya (rat) attached to CAT gene
Results
both NQO1 and GST Ya gene AREs mediated high levels of CAT gene expression, which were induced several fold in response to title comp.; fig.
Reference
Radjendirane, Venugopal; Jaiswal, Anil K.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1999 , vol. 58, # 4 p. 597 - 603 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidant activity in light-sensitized oxidation of stripped soybean oil
Reference
Hall III, Clifford A.; Cuppett, Susan L.; Dussault, Pat
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1998 , vol. 46, # 4 p. 1303 - 1310 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment
in vitro antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae: minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC=1600 μg/mL; minimum fungicidal concentration,
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(Pharmacological Data)
MFC=1600 μg/mL
Reference
Kubo, Isao; Lee, Sang Hwa
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1998 , vol. 46, # 10 p. 4052 - 4055 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxicity
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1 - 30 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells were incubated with title comp. in the presence of 16 nmol/l 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 3 h at 37 deg C; the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release measured by LDH assay
Results
LDH release activity was less than 5 percent
Reference
Teshima; Onose; Ikebuchi; Sawada
Inflammation Research, 1998 , vol. 47, # 8 p. 328 - 333 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
transmitter releasing
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
Ca. 1 - 30 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells were incubated with title comp. in the presence or absence of 16 nmol/l 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 3 h at 37 deg C; the TNF-α release measured by EIA
Results
title comp. did not induce release of TNF-α in the presence or absence of TPA (diagram)
Reference
Teshima; Onose; Ikebuchi; Sawada
Inflammation Research, 1998 , vol. 47, # 8 p. 328 - 333 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
agonist
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
HepG2 cells
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells treated with title comp. for 24 h; luciferase activity determined in luminometer; β-gal activity determined spectrophotometrically at 595 nm after incubation with CRG at 37 deg C for 1 h
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
cells transfected with p1.62YaLUC and expression plasmids for pCMVβ and pRSVGR; β-gal: β-galactosidase; CRG: chlorophenol red β-galactopyranoside
Results
title comp. caused induction in reporter expression
Reference
Falkner, K. Cameron; Rushmore, Thomas H.; Linder, Mark W.; Prough, Russell A.
Molecular Pharmacology, 1998 , vol. 53, # 6 p. 1016 - 1026 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
DNA; examination of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
pUC18 supercoiled plasmid DNA
Concentration
0 - 10E-2 M
(Pharmacological Data)
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Exposure Period (Pharmacological Data)
60 min
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; estimation of DNA cleavage
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
37 deg C
Results
increase of linear form (concentration-dependent)
Reference
Okubo, Tomoko; Nagai, Fumiko; Ushiyama, Keiko; Kano, Itsu
Toxicology Letters, 1997 , vol. 90, # 1 p. 11 - 18 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
genetic toxicity in vitro
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
0.625 - 5 mg/l
Exposure Period (Pharmacological Data)
24 h
Method (Pharmacological Data)
micronucleus test performed; the percentage of binucleated cells ( percent BN)-500 cells analyzed and micronucleated cells ( percent MNBC)-1000 cells analyzed, determined
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
relative cell number (number of live cells in treated/number of live cells in the solvent control*100) determined
Results
dose-dependent increase of relative cell number; percent BN: 22, 24, 14 and 5 percent at the dose 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 μg/ml, resp.; percent MNBC: 0.9, 1.2 and 0.9 percent at the dose 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 μg/ml, resp.
Reference
Gibson, David P.; Brauninger, Roger; Shaffi, Hussain S.; Kerckaert, Gary A.; LeBoeuf, Robert A.; Isfort, Robert J.; Aardema, Marilyn J.
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997 , vol. 392, # 1-2 p. 61 - 70 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytoprotective
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
rat lung epithelial L2 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
50 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells were pretreated with title comp. for 16 h and treated with tBOOH (up to 200 μmol/l) in the presence of 100 μmol/l ADP; intracellular Ca(2+) conc. was monitored by fluorescence spectrophotometry up to 15 min
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
tBOOH: tert-butyl hydroperoxide; control: 0.1 percent DMSO
Results
title comp. alleviated inhibition of ADP - mediated Ca(2+) signaling by tBOOH (diagram)
Reference
Choi, Jinah; Liu, Rui-Ming; Forman, Henry Jay
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1997 , vol. 53, # 7 p. 987 - 993 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytoprotective
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
rat lung epithelial L2 cells
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Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
50 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells were pretreated with title comp. for 16 h before incubation with tBOOH (50 - 200 μmol/l) for 2 - 4 h; ATP level was monitored by the firefly luciferin luciferase reaction; phosphorescence mode
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
tBOOH: tert-butyl hydroperoxide; control: 0.1 percent DMSO; further investigation on mechanism of title comp. cytoprotection with BSO (irreversive inhibitor of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase); GSH: glutathione
Results
title comp. prevented the decrease of ATP level caused by tBOOH treatment (diagram); this potency appeared to depend on alteration of the intracellular GSH pool
Reference
Choi, Jinah; Liu, Rui-Ming; Forman, Henry Jay
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1997 , vol. 53, # 7 p. 987 - 993 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxicity
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Fischer-344 rat
Sex
male
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
0.5 mM
Exposure Period (Pharmacological Data)
0 - 3 h
Method (Pharmacological Data)
freshly isolated hepatocytes; biochemical assays
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
37 deg C
Results
time-dependent cell death accompanied by depletion of intracellular ATP, glutathione, and protein thiols
Reference
Nakagawa, Yoshio
Toxicology Letters, 1996 , vol. 84, # 2 p. 63 - 68 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
oxidative stress
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
calf thymus DNA
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1E-06 - 0.01 mol/l
Exposure Period (Pharmacological Data)
60 min
Method (Pharmacological Data)
calf thymus DNA, 1 mg/ml incubated, 37 deg C with the presence or absence of CuCl2, 1E-6 M or FeCl2, 1E-5 M; formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) determination
Results
content of 8OHdG in DNA 10.1 mol/1E5 mol dG; formation of 8OHdG greatly increased by title compound in conc.-dependent manner
Reference
Nagai, Fumiko; Okubo, Tomoko; Ushiyama, Keiko; Satoh, Kanako; Kano, Itsu
Toxicology Letters, 1996 , vol. 89, # 2 p. 163 - 167 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
metabolic
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Fischer 344 rat
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Sex
male
Route of Application
intraperitoneal
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1 mmol/kg
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
single dose
Exposure Period (Pharmacological Data)
4 - 19 h
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vivo; bile duct-cannulated; (160-200 g) rats housed individually in metabolic cages; food and water ad libitum; urine collected for 19 h; bile samples collected at hourly intervals for 4 h; urinary and biliary metabolites of drug assessed by HPLC
Results
drug underwent oxidation and GSH conjugation; conjugates were excreted into bile and underwent further metabolism prior to excretion in urine
Reference
Peters, Melanie M. C. G.; Lau, Serrine S.; Dulik, Deanne; Murphy, Darlene; Van Ommen, Ben; Van Bladeren, Peter J.; Monks, Terrence J.
Chemical Research in Toxicology, 1996 , vol. 9, # 1 p. 133 - 139 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
degranulation
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
RBL-2H3 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
Ca. 0.1 - 50 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
2E5 cells/well incubated with title comp., buffer, antigen (dinitrophenylated BSA, DNP7-BSA, 10 μg/ml) or TPA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, 10 ng/ml); activity of released hexosaminidase (indication of degranulation) determined
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
compared with effect of 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone
Results
title comp. did not affect antigen induced and in the presence of TPA did not induce β-hexosaminidase secretion (diagram)
Reference
Akasaka, Reiko; Teshima, Reiko; Kitajima, Satoshi; Momma, Junko; Inoue, Tohru; Kurokawa, Yuji; Ikebuchi, Hideharu; Sawada, Jun-ichi
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1996 , vol. 51, # 11 p. 1513 - 1519 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
intracellular Ca2+ level
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
RBL-2H3 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
50 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
6E5 cells/ml loaded with Fura-2 AM (6 μmol/l); antigen, dinitrophenylated BSA (DNP7-BSA, 10 μg) and title comp. added; fluorescence measured 100 s after addition of the title comp. at 37 deg C
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
compared with effect of 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone
Results
title comp. did not affect intracellular Ca2+ (data not shown)
Reference
Akasaka, Reiko; Teshima, Reiko; Kitajima, Satoshi; Momma, Junko; Inoue, Tohru; Kurokawa, Yuji; Ikebuchi, Hideharu; Sawada, Jun-ichi
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1996 , vol. 51, # 11 p. 1513 - 1519 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
intracellular Ca2+ level
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological
RBL-2H3 cells
Data)
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Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
10 - 50 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
6E5 cells/ml loaded with Fura-2 AM (6 μmol/l); title comp. added 150 s after or before 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (DTBHQ); fluorescence measured 100 s after addition of the title comp. at 37 deg C
Results
title comp. was not antagonistic with DTBHQ (diagram)
Reference
Akasaka, Reiko; Teshima, Reiko; Kitajima, Satoshi; Momma, Junko; Inoue, Tohru; Kurokawa, Yuji; Ikebuchi, Hideharu; Sawada, Jun-ichi
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1996 , vol. 51, # 11 p. 1513 - 1519 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
leukotriene LTC4 release
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
rat basophilic leukemia cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
10 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells incubated alone or in the presence of anti-DNP IgE (1 h) at 37 deg C; PIPES buffer; then incub. with title comp. in the presence of 12-Otetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (10 ng/ml) or buffer alone (30 min); DNP7-BSA added to antigen stimul. cells
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
leukotriene LTC4 amount determined by LTC4/D4/E4 enzymeimmunoassay; cross reactivity with LTB4 and prostaglandin D2 given
Results
title comp. inhibited the release of LTC4 only in the cause of antigen stimulation; in the presence of 12-O-tetradecanolylphorbol-13-acetate and without additive - no effect (table)
Reference
Akasaka; Teshima; Ikebuchi; Sawada
Inflammation Research, 1996 , vol. 45, # 12 p. 583 - 589 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
Ah receptor nuclear translocation-defective (c4) cells
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cultured cells incubated with title comp. dissolved in DMSO, different enzyme activities and GSH level measured after 24 h of incubation by known methods; pure DMSO as control
Results
GSH level 220 percent, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, NAD(P)H:menadione oxidoreductase, cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase class 3, UDPglucuronosyltransferase, GSH S-transferase and CYP1A1 activ. 220, 210, 7500, 270, 95 and 100 percent of the control, resp.
Reference
Shertzer, Howard G.; Vasiliou, Vasilis; Liu, Rui-Ming; Tabor, M. Wilson; Nebert, Daniel W.
Chemical Research in Toxicology, 1995 , vol. 8, # 3 p. 431 - 436 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 cells
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cultured cells incubated with title comp. dissolved in DMSO, different enzyme activities and GSH level measured after 24 h of incubation by known methods; pure DMSO as control
Results
GSH level 260 percent, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, NAD(P)H:menadione oxidoreductase, cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase class 3, UDPglucuronosyltransferase, GSH S-transferase and CYP1A1 activ. 240, 340, 330, 170, 200 and 86 percent of the control, resp.
Reference
Shertzer, Howard G.; Vasiliou, Vasilis; Liu, Rui-Ming; Tabor, M. Wilson; Nebert, Daniel W.
Chemical Research in Toxicology, 1995 , vol. 8, # 3 p. 431 - 436 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme; induction of
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Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7/0 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
30 μmol/l
Exposure Period (Pharmacological Data)
5 d
Method (Pharmacological Data)
cells (1E5) cultured in the presence of title comp.; cell homogenates; assayed for aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
induction of class-3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-3) activity
Results
NAD(P)-dependent ALDH-3 activity was elevated > 50-fold
Reference
Sreerama, Lakshmaiah; Rekha, Ganaganur K.; Sladek, Norman E.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 49, # 5 p. 669 - 676 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c7c7 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
50 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; effect on NMO1, ALDH3c, UGT1*06 and CYP1A1 activities and mRNA levels assayed; modified Eagle's α-medium; 5 percent FCS; incub. for 6-24 h; cells homogenized; Northern blot
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
FCS: fetal calf serum; NMO1: NAD(P)H:menadione oxidoreductase; ALDH3c: cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase class 3; UGT1*06: UDPglucuronosyltransferase form 1*06; CYP1A1: cytochrome P450 1A1
Results
title comp. increased ALDH3c, NMO1 and UGT1*06 but not CYP1A1 activities and its mRNA levels
Reference
Vasiliou, Vasilis; Shertzer, Howard G.; Liu, Rui-Ming; Sainsbury, Malcolm; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 50, # 11 p. 1885 - 1892 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse hepatoma c4 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
50 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; effect on NMO1, ALDH3c, UGT1*06 and CYP1A1 activities and mRNA levels assayed; modified Eagle's α-medium; 5 percent FCS; incub. for 6-24 h; cells homogenized; Northern blot
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
FCS: fetal calf serum; NMO1: NAD(P)H:menadione oxidoreductase; ALDH3c: cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase class 3; UGT1*06: UDPglucuronosyltransferase form 1*06; CYP1A1: cytochrome P450 1A1
Results
title comp. increased ALDH3c, NMO1 and UGT1*06 mRNA levels
Reference
Vasiliou, Vasilis; Shertzer, Howard G.; Liu, Rui-Ming; Sainsbury, Malcolm; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 50, # 11 p. 1885 - 1892 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme; induction of
Species or TestSystem
mouse hepatoma c2 cells
(Pharmacological Data)
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Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
50 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; effect on NMO1, ALDH3c, UGT1*06 and CYP1A1 activities and mRNA levels assayed; modified Eagle's α-medium; 5 percent FCS; incub. for 6-24 h; cells homogenized; Northern blot
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
FCS: fetal calf serum; NMO1: NAD(P)H:menadione oxidoreductase; ALDH3c: cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase class 3; UGT1*06: UDPglucuronosyltransferase form 1*06; CYP1A1: cytochrome P450 1A1
Results
title comp. increased ALDH3c, NMO1 and UGT1*06 mRNA levels
Reference
Vasiliou, Vasilis; Shertzer, Howard G.; Liu, Rui-Ming; Sainsbury, Malcolm; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 50, # 11 p. 1885 - 1892 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
enzyme; induction of
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse hepatoma c37 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
50 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; effect on NMO1, ALDH3c, UGT1*06 and CYP1A1 activities and mRNA levels assayed; modified Eagle's α-medium; 5 percent FCS; incub. for 6-24 h; cells homogenized; Northern blot
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
FCS: fetal calf serum; NMO1: NAD(P)H:menadione oxidoreductase; ALDH3c: cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase class 3; UGT1*06: UDPglucuronosyltransferase form 1*06; CYP1A1: cytochrome P450 1A1
Results
title comp. increased ALDH3c, NMO1 and UGT1*06 mRNA levels
Reference
Vasiliou, Vasilis; Shertzer, Howard G.; Liu, Rui-Ming; Sainsbury, Malcolm; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 50, # 11 p. 1885 - 1892 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antagonist
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c7c7 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
25 μmol/l
Kind of Dosing (Pharmacological Data)
added in DMSO
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; effect on menadione-induced cytotoxicity assayed; modified Eagle's α-medium; 5 percent FCS; pretreated with title comp. for 24 h; exposed to 20100 μM menadione; cell viability assessed 2 h latter
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
FCS: fetal calf serum; DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide
Results
title comp. protected against subsequent exposure to menadione; DMSO alone had no protective activity; graphical representation
Reference
Vasiliou, Vasilis; Shertzer, Howard G.; Liu, Rui-Ming; Sainsbury, Malcolm; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 50, # 11 p. 1885 - 1892 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
oxidative stress
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse ch/ch cells
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Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; effect on Nmo1, Ahd4 and Ugtl*06 gene expression assayed; DMEM with 5 percent FBS and NaHCO3; 95 percent air-5 percent CO2; 34 deg C; incubated for 12 h; RNA extracted; NMO1, ALDH3c and UGT1*06 mRNAs level determined; Northern blot
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
NMO1: TCDD-inducible NAD(P)H:menadione oxidoreductase; Nmo1: NMO1 gene; ALDH3c: TCDD-inducible cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase; Ahd4: ALDH3c gene; UGT1*06: TCDD-inducible glucuronosyltransferase; Ugtl*06: UGT11*06 gene
Results
increased NMO1 mRNA level but had no effect on ALDH3c and UGT1*06 mRNAs levels
Reference
Vasiliou, Vasilis; Puga, Alvaro; Chang, Ching-Yi; Tabor, M. Wilson; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 50, # 12 p. 2057 - 2068 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
oxidative stress
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse 14CoS/14CoS cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
25 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; effect on Nmo1, Ahd4 and Ugtl*06 gene expression assayed; DMEM with 5 percent FBS and NaHCO3; 95 percent air-5 percent CO2; 34 deg C; incubated for 12 h; RNA extracted; NMO1, ALDH3c and UGT1*06 mRNAs level determined; Northern blot
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
NMO1: TCDD-inducible NAD(P)H:menadione oxidoreductase; Nmo1: NMO1 gene; ALDH3c: TCDD-inducible cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase; Ahd4: ALDH3c gene; UGT1*06: TCDD-inducible glucuronosyltransferase; Ugtl*06: UGT11*06 gene
Results
increased NMO1 mRNA level but had no effect on ALDH3c and UGT1*06 mRNAs levels
Reference
Vasiliou, Vasilis; Puga, Alvaro; Chang, Ching-Yi; Tabor, M. Wilson; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 50, # 12 p. 2057 - 2068 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxicity
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse ch/ch cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1E-09 - 0.005 mol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; effect on cell injury assayed; DMEM supplemented with 5 percent FBS and NaHCO3; 95 percent air-5 percent CO2; 34 deg C; incubated for 6-24 h; amount of toxicity assessed by light microscopy, cell counts and trypan blue dye exclusion
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
FBS: fetal bovine serum
Results
produced about >90 cell death
Reference
Vasiliou, Vasilis; Puga, Alvaro; Chang, Ching-Yi; Tabor, M. Wilson; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 50, # 12 p. 2057 - 2068 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
cytotoxicity
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse 14CoS/14CoS cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
1E-09 - 0.005 mol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; effect on cell injury assayed; DMEM supplemented with 5 percent FBS and NaHCO3; 95 percent air-5 percent CO2; 34 deg C; incubated for 6-24 h; amount of toxicity assessed by light microscopy, cell counts and trypan blue dye exclusion
Further Details (Pharmacological
FBS: fetal bovine serum
Data)
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Results
produced about < 5 percent cell death
Reference
Vasiliou, Vasilis; Puga, Alvaro; Chang, Ching-Yi; Tabor, M. Wilson; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 50, # 12 p. 2057 - 2068 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
agonist
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
mouse hepatoma Hepa-1 cells nuclear extracts
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
25 - 50 μmol/l
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro; effect on EpRE probe binding to DNA assayed; 10 μg of nuclear extracts from title comp. treated cells for 6-12 h; 0.1 ng of labeled EpRE probe; binding buffer; room temp.; incubation time 20 min; gel mobility shift analysis
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
EpRE: electrophile response element
Results
title comp. increased EpRE probe binding
Reference
Vasiliou, Vasilis; Puga, Alvaro; Chang, Ching-Yi; Tabor, M. Wilson; Nebert, Daniel W.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1995 , vol. 50, # 12 p. 2057 - 2068 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
genetic toxicity in vitro
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
chinese hamster V79 cells
Concentration (Pharmacological Data)
120 - 720 μmol/l
Exposure Period (Pharmacological Data)
1 h
Method (Pharmacological Data)
in DMSO; DPBS; 37 deg C; CREST labeling procedure; arachidonic acid supplemented (+AA) and nonsupplemented V79 cells; induction of micronucleated (MN) cells; effects of catalase and glutathione
Further Details (Pharmacological Data)
Cochran-Armitage binomial trend test; one-tailed Fisher exact test
Results
total MN cells per 1000: 15-79 (28) (+AA), 19-80 (29); CREST-positive: 7-50 (14) (+AA), 10-36 (21); CREST-negative: 8-36 (12) (+AA), 9-44 (8); binucleated cells counted 2000-2678 (4119) (+AA), 2000 (2000); inhibition effect of catalase and GSH
Reference
Dobo; Eastmond
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 1994 , vol. 24, # 4 p. 293 - 300 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
ED50 in KB Cells 17.50 μg/mL
Reference
Lam; Garg; Swanson; Pezzuto
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1988 , vol. 77, # 5 p. 393 - 395 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
ED50 in P-388 Cells 1.20 μg/mL
Reference
Lam; Garg; Swanson; Pezzuto
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1988 , vol. 77, # 5 p. 393 - 395 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ecotoxicology (10) 1 of 10
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
antifungal
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Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
Gloeophyllum trabeum ATCC 11539
Concentration (Ecotoxicology)
25 - 500 ppm
Method (Ecotoxicology)
agar-plate test; five replicates; radial fungal growth normalized to fungal growth on control plates; solvent: water or acetone; IC50 value calculated by regression of relative growth versus log of concentration
Further Details (Ecotoxicology)
brown-rot fungus
Type (Ecotoxicology)
IC50
Value of Type (Ecotoxicology)
< 200 ppm
Reference
Schultz, Tor P; Nicholas, Darrel D
Phytochemistry, 2002 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 560 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
antifungal
Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
Postia placenta ATCC 11538
Concentration (Ecotoxicology)
25 - 500 ppm
Method (Ecotoxicology)
agar-plate test; five replicates; radial fungal growth normalized to fungal growth on control plates; solvent: water or acetone; IC50 value calculated by regression of relative growth versus log of concentration
Further Details (Ecotoxicology)
brown-rot fungus
Type (Ecotoxicology)
IC50
Value of Type (Ecotoxicology)
< 200 ppm
Reference
Schultz, Tor P; Nicholas, Darrel D
Phytochemistry, 2002 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 560 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
antifungal
Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
Irpex lacteus ATCC 11245
Concentration (Ecotoxicology)
25 - 500 ppm
Method (Ecotoxicology)
agar-plate test; five replicates; radial fungal growth normalized to fungal growth on control plates; solvent: water or acetone; IC50 value calculated by regression of relative growth versus log of concentration
Further Details (Ecotoxicology)
white-rot fungus
Type (Ecotoxicology)
IC50
Value of Type (Ecotoxicology)
< 200 ppm
Reference
Schultz, Tor P; Nicholas, Darrel D
Phytochemistry, 2002 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 560 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
antifungal
Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
Trametes versicolor ATCC 12679
Concentration (Ecotoxicology)
25 - 500 ppm
Method (Ecotoxicology)
agar-plate test; five replicates; radial fungal growth normalized to fungal growth on control plates; solvent: water or acetone; IC50 value calculated by regression of relative growth versus log of concentration
Further Details (Ecotoxicology)
white-rot fungus
Type (Ecotoxicology)
IC50
Value of Type
< 200 ppm
(Ecotoxicology)
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Reference
Schultz, Tor P; Nicholas, Darrel D
Phytochemistry, 2002 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 560 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
antifungal
Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
Trametes versicolor ATCC 12679
Kind of Dosing (Ecotoxicology)
treatment with conc. of 5 percent
Method (Ecotoxicology)
laboratory decay test; agar-block test; aspen (Populus spp.) sapwood wafers treated with title comp. and exposed to the white-rot fungus for 6 weeks; extent of degradation measured by compression strength loss in radial direction; five replicates
Comment (Ecotoxicology)
No effect
Reference
Schultz, Tor P; Nicholas, Darrel D
Phytochemistry, 2002 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 560 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
antifungal
Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
Gloeophyllum trabeum ATCC 11539
Kind of Dosing (Ecotoxicology)
treatment with conc. of 5 percent
Method (Ecotoxicology)
laboratory decay test; soil-block test; SYP sapwood wafers treated with title comp. and exposed to the brown-rot fungus for 5 weeks; extent of degradation measured by compression strength loss in radial direction; five replicates
Further Details (Ecotoxicology)
SYP, southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.)
Results
average percent strength loss: 9.2 in treatment compared to 83.0-99.1 in control
Reference
Schultz, Tor P; Nicholas, Darrel D
Phytochemistry, 2002 , vol. 61, # 5 p. 555 - 560 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
toxicity to fish (acute)
Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
Ictalurus punctatus, channel catfish
Exposure Period (Ecotoxicology)
48 h
Method (Ecotoxicology)
static toxicity tests according to ASTM standard methods for fish; 17 deg C; fish were not fed during exper.; 20-l glass jar; 15 l well water; mortality meas. at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 hd
Type (Ecotoxicology)
LC50
Value of Type (Ecotoxicology)
0.37 mg/l
Results
mean values
Reference
Cope, W. Gregory; Bartsch, Michelle R.; Marking, Leif L.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1997 , vol. 16, # 9 p. 1930 - 1934 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
toxicity to fish (acute)
Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
Lepomis macrochirus, bluegill
Exposure Period (Ecotoxicology)
48 h
Method (Ecotoxicology)
static toxicity tests according to ASTM standard methods for fish; 17 deg C; fish were not fed during exper.; 20-l glass jar; 15 l well water; mortality meas. at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 hd
Type (Ecotoxicology)
LC50
Value of Type (Ecotoxicology)
0.15 mg/l
Results
mean values
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Reference
Cope, W. Gregory; Bartsch, Michelle R.; Marking, Leif L.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1997 , vol. 16, # 9 p. 1930 - 1934 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
toxicity to fish (acute)
Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
Oncorhynchus mykiss, rainbow trout
Exposure Period (Ecotoxicology)
48 h
Method (Ecotoxicology)
static toxicity tests according to ASTM standard methods for fish; 17 deg C; fish were not fed during exper.; 20-l glass jar; 15 l well water; mortality meas. at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 hd
Type (Ecotoxicology)
LC50
Value of Type (Ecotoxicology)
0.37 mg/l
Results
mean values
Reference
Cope, W. Gregory; Bartsch, Michelle R.; Marking, Leif L.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1997 , vol. 16, # 9 p. 1930 - 1934 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Effect (Ecotoxicology)
toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (acute)
Endpoint of Effect (Ecotoxicology)
reattachment inhibition
Species or TestSystem (Ecotoxicology)
Dreissena polymorpha, zebra mussel
Exposure Period (Ecotoxicology)
48 h
Method (Ecotoxicology)
15 mussels (5-8-mm shell length); well water; 17 deg C; pH 8.0; satic tox. tests according to standard ASTM methods; petri dishes; righting response; reattach. and mortality; 48-h postexpos. period; 48-h EC90 also
Further Details (Ecotoxicology)
mussels collect. by divers from relativl nonindustrialized areas of Lake Michigan or Lake Erie; 48-h EC50 and EC90=effect. conc. of test comp. required to inhibit reattachment of 50 and 90 percent, resp.
Type (Ecotoxicology)
EC50
Value of Type (Ecotoxicology)
1.0 mg/l
Results
48-h EC90: 1.9 mg/l; mean values
Reference
Cope, W. Gregory; Bartsch, Michelle R.; Marking, Leif L.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1997 , vol. 16, # 9 p. 1930 - 1934 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Other Data Abiotic Degradation, Hydrolysis (1) 1 of 1
Type (Abiotic Degradation, Hydrolysis)
oxidation
Concentration (Abiotic Degradation, Hydrolysis)
0.1 mmol/l
Rate Constant
2.68 - 4.77 min-1
pH-Value (Abiotic Degradation, Hydrolysis)
3 - 11
Method, Remarks (Abiotic Degradation, Hydrolysis)
alkaline catalytic hydrolysis in the presence of potassium peroxydisulfate
Reference
Lau, Tim K.; Chu, Wei; Graham, Nigel J. D.
Environmental Science and Technology, 2007 , vol. 41, # 2 p. 613 - 619 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Use (91) Use Pattern
Location
Reference
Pharmaceuticals
Page/Page column 11
Osaka University; HAYASHI, Ryuhei; NISHIDA, Kohji; KATORI, Ryosuke
Patent: EP2878197 A1, 2015 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
tissue preservation solution
Page/Page column 11
Osaka University; HAYASHI, Ryuhei; NISHIDA, Kohji; KATORI, Ryosuke
Patent: EP2878197 A1, 2015 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Personal care composition in combination with 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
Antioxidant for prevention of siloxanes polymerization
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Tran, Thu-Ba Thi; Younathan, Janet Nadya
Patent: US2010/22606 A1, 2010 ;
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Patent: EP2050753 A1, 2009 ;
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skin treatment composition comprisingcalcium glycerophosphate and a fatty acid source derived from an animal or a vegetable suitable for enhancing skin cell growth, proliferation and repair
antioxidant
AKPHARMA INC.
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National Starch and Chemical Investment Holding Corporation
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NOVUS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
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NOVUS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
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NOVUS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
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NOVUS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
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NOVUS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
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Reduce the formation of free radicals in the diet
NOVUS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Patent: US2008/15217 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Prevents oxidation of different types of fats utilized in a ruminant diet
NOVUS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Patent: US2008/15217 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Show next 20
Laboratory Use and Handling
Hide facts Use Pattern
Location
Reference
Antioxidant for agricultural compositions
VALENT BIOSCIENCES CORPORATION
Patent: WO2008/143961 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Antioxidant for agrochemical formulations
VALENT BIOSCIENCES CORPORATION
Patent: WO2008/143969 A1, 2008 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Antioxidant
SUNTORY LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/4689 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
whitening skin
L'Oreal S.A.
Patent: US2007/25939 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Bleach dark or blotchy areas
L'Oreal S.A.
Patent: US2007/25939 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Hyperpigmentation caused by child bearing (chloasma gravidarum
L'Oreal S.A.
Patent: US2007/25939 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
hyperpigmentation caused by birth control (chloasma pillularae)
L'Oreal S.A.
Patent: US2007/25939 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation following trauma
L'Oreal S.A.
Patent: US2007/25939 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
improving oxidative stability in meat
E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY
Patent: US2007/59344 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
foodstuff
Giner, Victor Casana
Patent: US2007/77308 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
biologically active material beneficial for the human or other animals' health
Giner, Victor Casana
Patent: US2007/77308 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Thermal polymerization inhibitor in a one-part self etching, self-priming dental adhesive
DENTSPLY DETREY GmbH
Patent: EP1776943 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
BRAIN N' BEYOND BIOTECH PVT. LTD.
Patent: WO2007/54977 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
ganaxolone formulation having enhanced stability and pharmacokinetic properties useful for the treatment of epilepsy-related and other cenral nervous system diorders
complexing agent
MARINUS PHARMACEUTICALS
Patent: WO2007/62266 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
MARINUS PHARMACEUTICALS
Patent: WO2007/62266 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Antimicrobial
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Skin structure conditions
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Acne
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Eczema
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Superficial infected traumatic lesions
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
wounds
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ;
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Burns
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
ulcers
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Folliculitis
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Mycoses
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Acne lesions
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Bacteria associated with acne
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Skin conditions
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Staphylococcal infection
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Atopic dermatitis
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Primary skin infections
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Secondary skin infections
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Primary skin structure infections
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Secondary skin structure infections
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Acne-related scarring
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-associated infections
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ;
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Skin care
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Hair care
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Cosmeceutical preparation
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Toiletry product
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Laundry product
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Fabric treatment product
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Bath additive
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Shower additive
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Cleansing preparation
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Agricultural product
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Horticultural product
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
veterinary preparation
SYNTOPIX LIMITED
Patent: WO2007/96601 A2, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
monomer for the synthesis of polimeric antioxidant
Page/Page column 6
Cholli, Ashok L.; Kumar, Vijayendra; Kumar, Javant; Parmar, Virinder Singh; Samuelson, Lynne Ann; Bruno, Ferdinando F.
Patent: US2007/154430 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
personal care composition
Glinski, Jan
Patent: US2006/93571 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Antioxidant for pesticidal composition
VALENT BIOSCIENCES CORPORATION
Patent: WO2006/107905 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
antioxidant response element
Johnson, Jeffrey A.; Calkins, Marcus J.
Patent: US2006/121014 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
neurodegenerative disease
Johnson, Jeffrey A.; Calkins, Marcus J.
Patent: US2006/121014 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Alzheimer's disease
Johnson, Jeffrey A.; Calkins, Marcus J.
Patent: US2006/121014 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Huntington's disease
Johnson, Jeffrey A.; Calkins, Marcus J.
Patent: US2006/121014 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Parkinson's disease
Johnson, Jeffrey A.; Calkins, Marcus J.
Patent: US2006/121014 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
ALS disease
Johnson, Jeffrey A.; Calkins, Marcus J.
Patent: US2006/121014 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Friedreich's Ataxia
Johnson, Jeffrey A.; Calkins, Marcus J.
Patent: US2006/121014 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
AIDS dementia
Johnson, Jeffrey A.; Calkins, Marcus J.
Patent: US2006/121014 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Skin benefit agent for cosmetic composition
Unilever Home and Personal Care USA, Division Of Conopco, Inc.
Patent: US2006/110341 A1, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Sinthetic antioxidant for investigation of inhibition of lipid peroxidation
Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Patent: US2005/59727 A1, 2005 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
diabetic retinopathy
Alcon, Inc.
Patent: US2005/137147 A1, 2005 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
drusen formation in age-related macular degeneration
Alcon, Inc.
Patent: US2005/137147 A1, 2005 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
glaucomatous retinopathy
Alcon, Inc.
Patent: US2005/137146 A1, 2005 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
optic neuropathy
Alcon, Inc.
Patent: US2005/137146 A1, 2005 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
anti-oxidant in solid stick insecticidal composition
RECKITT BENCKISER (AUSTRALIA) PTY LIMITED; RECKITT BENCKISER (UK) LIMITED
Patent: WO2005/20686 A1, 2005 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
modulating component of fungicidal compositions
ISAGRO S.P.A.
Patent: WO2005/94580 A1, 2005 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
deodorant agent
Hu, Jinlian; Zeng, Fang; Li, Pei
Patent: US2005/232880 A1, 2005 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
antioxidants and/or free-radical scavengers for composition for treating a keratinous material
stabilizer of a pharmaceutical composition
L'OREAL S.A.
Patent: US2004/253283 A1, 2004 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Oshlack, Benjamin; Huang, Hua-Pin; Goliber, Philip; Mannion, Richard
Patent: US2003/229111 A1, 2003 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
antioxidant
Yamamura; Nishiwaki; Tanigaki; Terauchi; Tomiyama; Nishiyama Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1995 , vol. 68, # 10 p. 2955 - 2960 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Isolation from Natural Product (1) Isolation from Natural Product
Reference
Moutan Cortex (root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews)
Okubo, Tomoko; Nagai, Fumiko; Seto, Takako; Satoh, Kanako; Ushiyama, Keiko; Kano, Itsu
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2000 , vol. 23, # 2 p. 199 - 203 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Quantum Chemical Calculations (1) Calculated Properties
Method (Quantum Chemical Calculations)
Reference
Dissociation energy, bonding energy
Ab initio calcns. (LCAO, GO SCF, DIM, SAMO, X-à, HartreeFock)
Guitard, Romain; Paul, Jean-François; Nardello-Rataj, Véronique; Aubry, Jean-Marie Food Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 213, p. 284 - 295 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-<Butyl-(2)>-hydrochinon
6
Reaxys Registry Number: 1938906
CAS Registry Number: 4197-81-3 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C10H14O2
Linear Structure Formula: C10H14O2
Molecular Weight: 166.22
InChI Key: FVUAMBRGAQSGFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-<Butyl-(2)>-hydrochinon, 2-sec.-Butyl-hydrochinon, 2-sek.Butylhydrochinon, Butyl-2-hydrochinon Identification Substance Label (1) Label
Reference
Id
Pilar,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3599 - 3606 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
1 prep out of 2 reactions.
Identification Physical Data (3)
4
Derivative (1) Comment (Derivative)
Reference
Dibenzoat: F: 92-93grad
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1964 , vol. 86, p. 951 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (2) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
100 - 101 °C
Pilar,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3599 - 3606 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1964 , vol. 86, p. 951 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
99 - 100 °C
H2O
Bogoljubskii
Journal of Organic Chemistry USSR (English Translation), 1966 , vol. 2, p. 1420 Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 1966 , vol. 2, p. 1433 Full Text Show Details
Further Information (1) Description (Further Information)
Reference
Further information
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1965 , vol. 87, p. 4585,4586 Full Text Show Details
Chemical Name: 4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)butane
7
Reaxys Registry Number: 2046151
CAS Registry Number: 4197-69-7 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C10H14O2
Linear Structure Formula: C10H14O2
Molecular Weight: 166.22
InChI Key: XRCRJFOGPCJKPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
12 prep out of 17 reactions.
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)butane, 2-n-Butylhydroquinone, butylhydroquinone, 1-n-butyl-1,4-hydroquinone, 3-butylhydroquinone, 2-butylhydroquinone, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-butyl-benzol Identification Substance Label (6) Label
Reference
3c
Ghandi, Mehdi; Shahidzadeh, Mansour
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2006 , vol. 691, # 23 p. 4918 - 4925 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
2c
Shahidzadeh, Mansour; Ghandi, Mehdi
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2001 , vol. 625, # 1 p. 108 - 111 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
16
Gayo, Leah M.; Winters, Michael P.; Moore, Harold W.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 57, # 25 p. 6896 - 6899
Identification Physical Data (16) Spectra (8)
16
Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
(H2Q-n-C4H9)
Clemmer et al.
Inorganic Chemistry, 1979 , vol. 18, p. 2567,2570, 2571 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ic
Pilar,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3599 - 3606 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Tab.II
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Patent-Specific Data (1) Location in Patent
Reference
Claim
Chemex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Patent: US4954659 A1, 1990 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
L'Oreal
Patent: US4931467 A1, 1990 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Derivative (1) Comment (Derivative)
Reference
Dibenzoat: F: 97-98grad
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1964 , vol. 86, p. 951 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (11) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
79 - 80.5 °C
Gayo, Leah M.; Winters, Michael P.; Moore, Harold W.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 57, # 25 p. 6896 - 6899 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
88 - 88.5 °C
Pilar,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3599 - 3606 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
87 - 88 °C
benzene hexane
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
87 - 87.5 °C
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1964 , vol. 86, p. 951 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
86.5 - 87 °C
Eastman Kodak Co.
Patent: US2533203 , 1948 ; Full Text Show Details
CCl4
Renz
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1947 , vol. 30, p. 124,136 Full Text Show Details
Gulland
Biochemical Journal, 1932 , vol. 26, p. 32,43 Full Text Show Details
benzene
Renz
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1947 , vol. 30, p. 124,136 Full Text Show Details
Gulland
Biochemical Journal, 1932 , vol. 26, p. 32,43 Full Text Show Details
H2O
Renz
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1947 , vol. 30, p. 124,136 Full Text Show Details
Gulland
Biochemical Journal, 1932 , vol. 26, p. 32,43 Full Text Show Details
84 - 85 °C
Renz
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1947 , vol. 30, p. 124,136 Full Text Show Details
87 °C
Kuroda; Wada
Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan), 1938 , vol. 34, p. 1740,1756,1758 Chem. Zentralbl., 1939 , vol. 110, # I p. 2792 Full Text Show Details
89 °C
Gulland
Biochemical Journal, 1932 , vol. 26, p. 32,43 Full Text Show Details
Boiling Point (1) Boiling Point
Pressure (Boiling Point)
Reference
180 - 185 °C
20 Torr
Gulland
Biochemical Journal, 1932 , vol. 26, p. 32,43 Full Text Show Details
Crystal Property Description (2) Colour & Other Properties
Reference
light-yellow
Ghandi, Mehdi; Shahidzadeh, Mansour
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2006 , vol. 691, # 23 p. 4918 - 4925 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Nadeln
Renz
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1947 , vol. 30, p. 124,136 Full Text Show Details
Gulland
Biochemical Journal, 1932 , vol. 26, p. 32,43 Full Text Show Details
Dissociation Exponent (1) Comment (Dissociation Exponent)
Reference
(pk')pK(a)
Clemmer et al.
Inorganic Chemistry, 1979 , vol. 18, p. 2567,2570, 2571 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Further Information (1) Description (Further Information)
Reference
Further information
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1965 , vol. 87, p. 4585,4586 Full Text Show Details
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (5) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Frequency (NMR Spectroscopy)
Chemical shifts Spectrum
1H
hexadeuterioacetone
300 MHz
supporting information
Kim, Ikyon; Kim, Kyungsun; Choi, Jungeun
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2009 , vol. 74, # 21 p. 8492 - 8495 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts Spectrum
13C
hexadeuterioacetone
75 MHz
supporting information
Kim, Ikyon; Kim, Kyungsun; Choi, Jungeun
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2009 , vol. 74, #
Location
Comment (NMR Spectroscopy)
Reference
21 p. 8492 - 8495 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
1H
CDCl3
Gayo, Leah M.; Winters, Michael P.; Moore, Harold W.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 57, # 25 p. 6896 - 6899 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
13C
CDCl3
Gayo, Leah M.; Winters, Michael P.; Moore, Harold W.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 57, # 25 p. 6896 - 6899 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spin-spin coupling constants
CDCl3
1H-1H
Gayo, Leah M.; Winters, Michael P.; Moore, Harold W.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 57, # 25 p. 6896 - 6899 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
IR Spectroscopy (1) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Solvent (IR Spectroscopy)
Comment (IR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Spectrum
CHCl3
3604 - 3360 cm**(-1)
Gayo, Leah M.; Winters, Michael P.; Moore, Harold W.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1992 , vol. 57, # 25 p. 6896 - 6899 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Mass Spectrometry (2) Description (Mass Spectrometry)
Location
Reference
HRMS (High resolution mass spectrometry) EI (Electron impact) Spectrum
supporting information
Kim, Ikyon; Kim, Kyungsun; Choi, Jungeun
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2009 , vol. 74, # 21 p. 8492 - 8495 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
EI (Electron impact) Spectrum
supporting information
Kim, Ikyon; Kim, Kyungsun; Choi, Jungeun
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2009 , vol. 74, # 21 p. 8492 - 8495 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-(2-Methyl-propyl)-hydrochinon
8
Reaxys Registry Number: 2087604
CAS Registry Number: 4197-78-8 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C10H14O2
Linear Structure Formula: C10H14O2
Molecular Weight: 166.22
InChI Key: SVQYCWCFQLUSIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-(2-Methyl-propyl)-hydrochinon, 2-Methyl-propyl-hydrochinon, tert-Butylhydrochinon, Isobutylhydrochinon Identification Derivative (1) Comment (Derivative)
Reference
Dibenzoat: F: 120.5-121grad
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1964 , vol. 86, p. 951
2 prep out of 2 reactions.
Identification Physical Data (4) Spectra (2)
4
Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (3) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
105 - 106 °C
hexane
Florjanczyk,Z. et al.
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1976 , vol. 112, p. 21 - 28 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
111.5 - 112 °C
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1964 , vol. 86, p. 951 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
123 - 126 °C
Ethyl Corp.
Patent: US3075832 , 1958 ; Chem.Abstr., 1963 , vol. 59, # 12706 Full Text Show Details
Further Information (1) Description (Further Information)
Reference
Further information
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1965 , vol. 87, p. 4585,4586 Full Text Show Details
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (1) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Chemical shifts
1H
Florjanczyk,Z. et al.
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1976 , vol. 112, p. 21 - 28 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
IR Spectroscopy (1) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Bands
Florjanczyk,Z. et al.
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1976 , vol. 112, p. 21 - 28 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-n-pentyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene
9
Reaxys Registry Number: 1947681
CAS Registry Number: 4693-32-7 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C11H16O2
Linear Structure Formula: C11H16O2
Molecular Weight: 180.247
InChI Key: ZFMFIBDSZCASNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
19 prep out of 36 reactions.
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-n-pentyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, n-pentylhydroquinone, 2-pentyl-hydroquinone, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-pentyl-benzol, 2-Pentyl-hydrochinon, nPentylhydroquinone Identification Substance Label (3)
Identification Physical Data (9) Spectra (3)
10
Label
Reference
21
The University of Chicago; MRKSICH, Milan; HODNELAND, Christian
Patent: US2015/369816 A1, 2015 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
5
Tandon, V. K.; Vaish, Meenu; Jain, P. K.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1995 , vol. 34, # 2 p. 93 - 96 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Tab.II
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (6) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
81 - 82 °C
benzene
Tandon, V. K.; Vaish, Meenu; Jain, P. K.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1995 , vol. 34, # 2 p. 93 - 96 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
86 °C
benzene hexane
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
benzene
Cruickshank; Robinson
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1938 , p. 2064,2066 Full Text Show Details
Asahina; Yasue
Chemische Berichte, 1936 , vol. 69, p. 643,647 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1936 , vol. 56, p. 549,554 Full Text Show Details
86 °C
Cruickshank; Robinson
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1938 , p. 2064,2066 Full Text Show Details
87 °C
Asahina; Yasue
Chemische Berichte, 1936 , vol. 69, p. 643,647 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1936 , vol. 56, p. 549,554 Full Text Show Details
85 - 86 °C
Stoughton; Baltzly; Bass
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1934 , vol. 56, p. 2007 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Lamson; Brown; Ward
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1935 , vol. 53, p. 198,201 Full Text Show Details
Boiling Point (1) Boiling Point
Pressure (Boiling Point)
Reference
176 - 180 °C
3 Torr
Stoughton; Baltzly; Bass
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1934 , vol. 56, p. 2007 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Crystal Property Description (2) Colour & Other Properties
Location
Reference
white
Paragraph 0201
The University of Chicago; MRKSICH, Milan; HODNELAND, Christian
Patent: US2015/369816 A1, 2015 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Nadeln
Cruickshank; Robinson
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1938 , p. 2064,2066 Full Text Show Details
Asahina; Yasue
Chemische Berichte, 1936 , vol. 69, p. 643,647
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1936 , vol. 56, p. 549,554 Full Text Show Details
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (2) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Comment (NMR Spectroscopy)
Chemical shifts
1H
CDCl3
Tandon, V. K.; Vaish, Meenu; Jain, P. K.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1995 , vol. 34, # 2 p. 93 - 96 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Spin-spin coupling constants
CDCl3
1H-1H
Tandon, V. K.; Vaish, Meenu; Jain, P. K.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1995 , vol. 34, # 2 p. 93 - 96 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Reference
IR Spectroscopy (1) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Solvent (IR Spectroscopy)
Comment (IR Spectroscopy)
Bands
KBr
3310 cm**(-1)
Reference Tandon, V. K.; Vaish, Meenu; Jain, P. K.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1995 , vol. 34, # 2 p. 93 - 96 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Chemical Name: (1-Methylbutyl)-hydrochinon Reaxys Registry Number: 2360976
Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C11H16O2
Linear Structure Formula: C11H16O2
Molecular Weight: 180.247
InChI Key: ACAFGTOPCUFNBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
10
1 prep out of 2 reactions.
1
4 prep out of 9 reactions.
Identification Physical Data (3) Spectra (2)
2
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms (1-Methylbutyl)-hydrochinon Chemical Name: 2-(2,2-Dimethyl-propyl)-hydrochinon Reaxys Registry Number: 2518750
CAS Registry Number: 39868-20-7 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C11H16O2
Linear Structure Formula: C11H16O2
Molecular Weight: 180.247
InChI Key: IZRKOTZTHHSHEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
11
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-(2,2-Dimethyl-propyl)-hydrochinon, 2-Neopentylhydrochinon
Identification Substance Label (3) Label
Reference
VII
Lisa,E. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3307 - 3312 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Ib
Buben,I.; Pospisil,J.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1969 , vol. 34, p. 1991 - 2001 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
IIb
Buben,I.; Pospisil,J.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1969 , vol. 34, p. 1991 - 2001 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (2) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
142 - 144 °C
cyclohexane
Lisa,E. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3307 - 3312 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
107.5 - 108 °C
Buben,I.; Pospisil,J.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1969 , vol. 34, p. 1991 - 2001 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Electrochemical Characteristics (1) Description (Electrochemical Characteristics)
Reference
polarographic half-wave potential
Lisa,E. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3307 - 3312 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (1) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Chemical shifts
1H
Lisa,E. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3307 - 3312 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
IR Spectroscopy (1) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Bands
Lisa,E. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1972 , vol. 37, p. 3307 - 3312 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical Name: (3-Methyl-butyl-2)-hydrochinon
12
Reaxys Registry Number: 2522734
Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C11H16O2
Linear Structure Formula: C11H16O2
Molecular Weight: 180.247
InChI Key: CGESVEGXWXLTTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
no reactions.
Physical Data (1)
1
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms (3-Methyl-butyl-2)-hydrochinon Physical Data Further Information (1) Description (Further Information)
Reference
Further information
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1965 , vol. 87, p. 4585,4586 Full Text Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-isopentyl-hydroquinone Reaxys Registry Number: 2556709
CAS Registry Number: 22296-58-8 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C11H16O2
Linear Structure Formula: C11H16O2
Molecular Weight: 180.247
InChI Key: NOENSGSCMXILBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
13
7 prep out of 8 reactions.
Identification Physical Data (2) Spectra (3) Bioactivity (1)
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-isopentyl-hydroquinone, 2-Isopentyl-hydrochinon, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-isopentyl-benzol Identification Substance Label (2) Label
Reference
1;R1=i-C5H11,R3=OH,
Casiraghi, Giovanni; Casnati, Giuseppe; Puglia, Giuseppe; Sartori, Giovanni
Synthesis, 1980 , # 2 p. 124 - 125 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
VI
Chari et al.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, 1969 , vol. 7, p. 40,41 Full Text Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (2) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
103 - 105 °C
CCl4
Chari et al.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, 1969 , vol. 7, p. 40,41 Full Text Show Details
101 °C
Quilico et al.
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1950 , vol. 80, p. 325,331, 342 Full Text Show Details
Kuroda; Wada
Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan), 1938 , vol. 34, p. 1740,1756,1758 Chem. Zentralbl., 1939 , vol. 110, # I p. 2792 Full Text Show Details
Spectra
6
NMR Spectroscopy (1) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Comment (NMR Spectroscopy)
Reference
NMR
In CDCl3
Chari et al.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, 1969 , vol. 7, p. 40,41 Full Text Show Details
IR Spectroscopy (1) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Reference
IR
Chari et al.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, 1969 , vol. 7, p. 40,41 Full Text Show Details
UV/VIS Spectroscopy (1)
Description (UV/VIS Spectroscopy)
Reference
Spectrum
John; Dietzel; Guenther
Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fuer Physiologische Chemie, 1938 , vol. 252, p. 208,220 Full Text Show Details
Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (1) 1 of 1
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Quilico et al.
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1950 , vol. 80, p. 325,331, 342 Full Text Show Details
John; Dietzel; Guenther
Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fuer Physiologische Chemie, 1938 , vol. 252, p. 208,220 Full Text Show Details
Kuroda; Wada
Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan), 1938 , vol. 34, p. 1740,1756,1758 Chem. Zentralbl., 1939 , vol. 110, # I p. 2792 Full Text Show Details
Chari et al.
Indian Journal of Chemistry, 1969 , vol. 7, p. 40,41 Full Text Show Details
Casiraghi, Giovanni; Casnati, Giuseppe; Puglia, Giuseppe; Sartori, Giovanni
Synthesis, 1980 , # 2 p. 124 - 125 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
De Rosa; De Giulio; Iodice
Journal of Natural Products (Lloydia), 1994 , vol. 57, # 12 p. 1711 - 1716 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-tert.-Pentyl-hydrochinon Reaxys Registry Number: 2557231
CAS Registry Number: 2349-72-6 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C11H16O2
Linear Structure Formula: C11H16O2
Molecular Weight: 180.247
InChI Key: FKWOGPPGVRDIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
14
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-tert.-Pentyl-hydrochinon, tert.-Pentyl-hydrochinon Identification
2 prep out of 2 reactions.
Identification Physical Data (3)
3
Substance Label (2) Label
Reference
VI
Pospisil,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1966 , vol. 31, p. 98 - 105 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
6
Ryba,O. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1965 , vol. 30, p. 843 - 852 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (2)
Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
107.5 - 108 °C
toluene
Pospisil,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1966 , vol. 31, p. 98 - 105 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
106 - 107 °C
H2O
Perrotti; Castelfranchi
Chimica e l'Industria (Milan, Italy), 1960 , vol. 42, p. 1333,1338 Full Text Show Details
Electrochemical Characteristics (1) Description (Electrochemical Characteristics)
Reference
polarographic half-wave potential
Ryba,O. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1965 , vol. 30, p. 843 - 852 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-hexyl-hydroquinone Reaxys Registry Number: 1950697
CAS Registry Number: 4197-72-2 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C12H18O2
Linear Structure Formula: C12H18O2
Molecular Weight: 194.274
InChI Key: NOUJHHZNUIXAEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
15
14 prep out of 22 reactions.
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-hexyl-hydroquinone, 2-Hexyl-hydrochinon, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-hexyl-benzol, 2-hexyl-benzene-1,4-diol, 2-n-hexyl-hydroquinone, 1-hexylhydroquinone, Hexyl-hydrochinon Identification Substance Label (3) Label
Reference
3, R=(CH2)4CH3
Ozaki, Yutaka; Hosoya, Ayako; Okamura, Kyouko; Kim, Sang-Won
Synlett, 1997 , vol. 1997, # 4 p. 365 - 366 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
n=6
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Tab.II
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Identification Physical Data (11) Spectra (5)
10
Patent-Specific Data (1) Related Markush Structure (RN)
Reference
11716937
SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Patent: WO2006/102007 A2, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Derivative (1) Comment (Derivative)
Reference
Dibenzoat: F: 53-54grad
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1964 , vol. 86, p. 951 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (6) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Location
Reference
81.5 - 82.7 °C
hexane ethyl acetate
supporting information
Zillman, David J.; Hincapie, Gloria C.; Reza Savari; Mizori, Farhad G.; Cole, Thomas E.
Tetrahedron Letters, 2010 , vol. 51, # 23 p. 3033 - 3036 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
85 °C
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
78 °C
benzene
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
84 - 84.5 °C
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1964 , vol. 86, p. 951 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
88 °C
petroleum ether benzene
Lowe et al.
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1951 , p. 3286,3291 Full Text Show Details
79 - 80 °C
benzene petroleum ether
Renz
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1947 , vol. 30, p. 124,136 Full Text Show Details
Boiling Point (1) Boiling Point
Pressure (Boiling Point)
Reference
152 °C
1 Torr
Lowe et al.
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1951 , p. 3286,3291 Full Text Show Details
Crystal Property Description (3) Colour & Other Properties
Location
Reference
white
supporting information
Zillman, David J.; Hincapie, Gloria C.; Reza Savari; Mizori, Farhad G.; Cole, Thomas E.
Tetrahedron Letters, 2010 , vol. 51, # 23 p. 3033 - 3036 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
white
SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Patent: WO2006/102007 A2, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Nadeln
Renz
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1947 , vol. 30, p. 124,136 Full Text Show Details
Further Information (1) Description (Further Information)
Reference
Further information
Hawthorne; Reintjes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1965 , vol. 87, p. 4585,4586 Full Text Show Details
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (4) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Frequency (NMR Spectroscopy)
Chemical shifts Spectrum
1H
chloroform-d1
500 MHz
supporting information
Zillman, David J.; Hincapie, Gloria C.; Reza Savari; Mizori, Farhad G.; Cole, Thomas E.
Tetrahedron Letters, 2010 , vol. 51, # 23 p. 3033 - 3036 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts Spectrum
13C
chloroform-d1
125 MHz
supporting information
Zillman, David J.; Hincapie, Gloria C.; Reza Savari; Mizori, Farhad G.; Cole, Thomas E.
Tetrahedron Letters, 2010 , vol. 51, # 23 p. 3033 - 3036 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
1H
chloroform-d1
1H
Signals given
SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Patent: WO2006/102007 A2, 2006 ;
13C
chloroform-d1
Original Text (NMR Spectroscopy)
Location
NMR (CDCl3): δ 6.64 (m, 2H),
6.55 (dd, J= 8.5, 3 Hz, IH), 4.46 (s, IH), 4.40 (s, IH), 2.55 (t, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.33 (m, 6H), 0.90 (t, J= 7 Hz, 3H); 13C
NMR (CDCl3): 5 149.4, 147.5,
130.1, 116.9, 116.1, 113.3, 31.7, 30.0, 29.6, 29.1, 22.5, 14.0.
Comment (NMR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Signals given
SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Patent: WO2006/102007 A2, 2006 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
IR Spectroscopy (1) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Solvent (IR Spectroscopy)
Location
Reference
Bands
potassium bromide
supporting information
Zillman, David J.; Hincapie, Gloria C.; Reza Savari; Mizori, Farhad G.; Cole, Thomas E.
Tetrahedron Letters, 2010 , vol. 51, # 23 p. 3033 - 3036 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-isohexyl-hydroquinone Reaxys Registry Number: 3254597
CAS Registry Number: 37966-30-6 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C12H18O2
Linear Structure Formula: C12H18O2
Molecular Weight: 194.274
InChI Key: ZPGHSIFTYOUSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
16
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-isohexyl-hydroquinone, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-isohexyl-benzol, 2-Isohexyl-hydrochinon Physical Data Melting Point (2)
2 prep out of 2 reactions.
Physical Data (3)
2
Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
94 °C
Brockmann; Mueller
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1939 , vol. 540, p. 51,62 Full Text Show Details
100 °C
benzene
Kuroda; Wada
Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan), 1938 , vol. 34, p. 1740,1756,1758 Chem. Zentralbl., 1939 , vol. 110, # I p. 2792 Full Text Show Details
Crystal Property Description (1) Colour & Other Properties
Reference
Nadeln
Kuroda; Wada
Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan), 1938 , vol. 34, p. 1740,1756,1758 Chem. Zentralbl., 1939 , vol. 110, # I p. 2792 Full Text Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-(2,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol Reaxys Registry Number: 10532952
Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C12H18O2
Linear Structure Formula: C12H18O2
Molecular Weight: 194.274
InChI Key: HEQLCAFIYZVZCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
17
1 prep out of 1 reactions.
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-(2,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol, 2-(1,1,2-trimethylpropyl)benzene-1,4-diol Identification Substance Label (1) Label
Reference
3f
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 - 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (1) Melting Point
Reference
112 - 115 °C
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 - 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Crystal Property Description (1) Colour & Other Properties
Location
Reference
white
supporting information
Luethy, Monique; Darmency, Vincent; Renaud, Philippe
European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2011 , # 3 p. 547 - 552 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spectra
Identification Physical Data (2) Spectra (9)
2
NMR Spectroscopy (6) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Coupling Nuclei
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Temperature (NMR Spectroscopy)
Frequency (NMR Spectroscopy)
Chemical shifts
1H
chloroform-d1
25 °C
Chemical shifts
13C
CDCl3
Spectrum
13C
Spectrum
1H
Chemical shifts
Location
Reference
300 MHz
supporting information
Luethy, Monique; Darmency, Vincent; Renaud, Philippe
European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2011 , # 3 p. 547 - 552 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
20 °C
75 MHz
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
CDCl3
20 °C
75 MHz
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
CDCl3
20 °C
400 MHz
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
1H
CDCl3
20 °C
400 MHz
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
1H
1H
CDCl3
20 °C
400 MHz
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
IR Spectroscopy (2) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Reflection spectrum
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 - 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bands
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 - 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Mass Spectrometry (1) Description (Mass Spectrometry)
Reference
spectrum electron impact (EI)
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 - 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical Name: n-octylhydroquinone
18
Reaxys Registry Number: 1958200
CAS Registry Number: 1706-69-0 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C14H22O2
Linear Structure Formula: C14H22O2
Molecular Weight: 222.327
InChI Key: ZZXILYOBAFPJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
12 prep out of 23 reactions.
Identification Physical Data (10) Spectra (10)
14
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms n-octylhydroquinone, octylhydroquinone, 2-octylbenzene-1,4-diol, 2-octyl-hydroquinone, 2-Octyl-hydrochinon, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-octyl-benzol, 2,5Dihydroxy-octyl-benzol Identification Substance Label (5) Label
Reference
3a
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 - 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
7-8
Shi, Ji-Liang; Chen, Xin; Jiang, Xi-Kui
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 61, # 14 p. 4698 - 4702 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
5a
Ozawa; Momose; Machida; Natori; Yoshihira
Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin, 1968 , vol. 16, # 5 p. 853 - 862 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Tab.II
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Tab. II
Armstrong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1960 , vol. 82, p. 1928,1932 Full Text Show Details
Patent-Specific Data (1) Location in Patent
Reference
Claim
Seiko Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha
Patent: EP812816 A1, 1997 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
Patent: US3979412 A1, 1976 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Daihachi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Patent: US6127464 A1, 2000 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (8) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Comment (Melting Point)
Reference
92 - 94 °C
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 - 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
96 - 97 °C
ethanol
Ozawa; Momose; Machida; Natori; Yoshihira
Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin, 1968 , vol. 16, # 5 p. 853 - 862 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
94 - 95 °C
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
96 - 97 °C
Fuji Photo Film Co.
Patent: JP461464 , 1961 ; Chem.Abstr., 1965 , vol. 63, # 1736c Full Text Show Details
96.5 - 98 °C
acetic acid petroleum ether
Armstrong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1960 , vol. 82, p. 1928,1932 Full Text Show Details
96 - 97 °C
hexane
Williams
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1957 , vol. 22, p. 772 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
96.5 - 98 °C
nach Sintern bei 94grad.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Patent: US2728659 , 1953 ; Full Text Show Details
94 - 94.5 °C
petroleum ether
Quilico; Panizzi; Muganaini
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1949 , vol. 79, p. 89,104 Full Text Show Details
Boiling Point (1) Boiling Point
Pressure (Boiling Point)
Reference
186 - 190 °C
0.1 Torr
Fuji Photo Film Co.
Patent: JP461464 , 1961 ; Chem.Abstr., 1965 , vol. 63, # 1736c Full Text Show Details
Crystal Property Description (1) Colour & Other Properties
Reference
Nadeln
Quilico; Panizzi; Muganaini
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1949 , vol. 79, p. 89,104 Full Text Show Details
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (7) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Coupling Nuclei
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Temperature (NMR Spectroscopy)
Frequency (NMR Spectroscopy)
Comment (NMR Spectroscopy)
1H
1H
CDCl3
20 °C
400 MHz
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
1H
CDCl3
20 °C
400 MHz
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spectrum
1H
CDCl3
20 °C
400 MHz
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Reference
Spectrum
13C
CDCl3
20 °C
100 MHz
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
13C
CDCl3
20 °C
100 MHz
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
1H
CDCl3
Shi, Ji-Liang; Chen, Xin; Jiang, Xi-Kui
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 61, # 14 p. 4698 - 4702 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spin-spin coupling constants
CDCl3
1H-1H
Shi, Ji-Liang; Chen, Xin; Jiang, Xi-Kui
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 61, # 14 p. 4698 - 4702 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
IR Spectroscopy (2) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Bands
Ozawa; Momose; Machida; Natori; Yoshihira
Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin, 1968 , vol. 16, # 5 p. 853 - 862 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 - 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Reflection spectrum
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 - 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Mass Spectrometry (1) Description (Mass Spectrometry)
Reference
spectrum electron impact (EI)
Shi, Ji-Liang; Chen, Xin; Jiang, Xi-Kui
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 61, # 14 p. 4698 - 4702 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Kumli, Eveline; Montermini, Florian; Renaud, Philippe
Organic Letters, 2006 , vol. 8, # 25 p. 5861 - 5864 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-(1',1',3',3'-tetramethylbutyl)hydroquinone Reaxys Registry Number: 1966347
CAS Registry Number: 719-03-9 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C14H22O2
Linear Structure Formula: C14H22O2
Molecular Weight: 222.327
InChI Key: RDMIJQCFPQDYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
19
4 prep out of 15 reactions.
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-(1',1',3',3'-tetramethylbutyl)hydroquinone, 2-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-butyl)-hydroquinone, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-(1.1.3.3-tetramethyl-butyl)-benzol, 2(1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-butyl)-hydrochinon, 2-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)hydroquinone, 2-<1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-butyl>-hydrochinon, 2-tert. octylhydrochinon
Identification Physical Data (7)
13
Identification Substance Label (2) Label
Reference
IIc
Buben,I.; Pospisil,J.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1969 , vol. 34, p. 1991 - 2001 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
7
Ryba,O. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1965 , vol. 30, p. 843 - 852 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (5)
Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
142 - 144 °C
Buben,I.; Pospisil,J.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1969 , vol. 34, p. 1991 - 2001 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
142.5 - 143 °C
Pospisil,J. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1966 , vol. 31, p. 98 - 105 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Pospisil; Taimr
Patent: CS111292 , 1963 ; Chem.Abstr., 1965 , vol. 62, # 6434 Full Text Show Details
142.5 - 143 °C
toluene
Pospisil,J.; Taimr,L.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1964 , vol. 29, p. 381 - 389 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
142 °C
petroleum ether
Niederl; Natelson; Beekman
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1933 , vol. 55, p. 2571,2574 Full Text Show Details
Roehm and Haas Co.
Patent: US2008032 , 1933 ; Full Text Show Details
Roehm and Haas Co.
Patent: DE657724 , 1934 ; Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 24, p. 172 Full Text Show Details
128 °C
Roehm and Haas Co.
Patent: US2008337 , 1932 ;
Full Text Show Details
Roehm and Haas Co.
Patent: DE666134 , 1933 ; Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 25, p. 137 Full Text Show Details
Crystal Phase (1) Description (Crystal Phase)
Comment (Crystal Phase)
Reference
Crystal morphology
Bildung von Mischkrystallen mit 4-<1.1.3.3-Tetramethyl-butyl>-brenzcatechin.
Niederl; Natelson; Beekman
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1933 , vol. 55, p. 2571,2574 Full Text Show Details
Electrochemical Characteristics (1) Description (Electrochemical Characteristics)
Reference
polarographic half-wave potential
Ryba,O. et al.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1965 , vol. 30, p. 843 - 852 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Reaxys Registry Number: 4424411
Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C14H22O2
0 prep out of 1 reactions.
Identification
1
Linear Structure Formula: C14H22O2
Molecular Weight: 222.327
InChI Key: JWUNLNNCUQLSNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
20
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Identification Substance Label (1) Label
Reference
1d
Ishii, Fumio; Kishi, Ken-ichi
Synthesis, 1980 , # 9 p. 706 - 708 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Chemical Name: 4-hydroxy-2-(1-methylheptyl)phenol
1 prep out of 1 reactions.
Reaxys Registry Number: 19693596
CAS Registry Number: 155758-80-8 Molecular Formula: C14H22O2
Linear Structure Formula: C14H22O2
Molecular Weight: 222.327
InChI Key: BANSWHXXYJGPAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
21
Spectra (2)
1
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 4-hydroxy-2-(1-methylheptyl)phenol Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (2) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Frequency (NMR Spectroscopy)
Chemical shifts
1H
chloroform-d1
Chemical shifts
13C
chloroform-d1
Location
Reference
400 MHz
supporting information
Kuninobu, Yoichiro; Matsuki, Takashi; Takai, Kazuhiko
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2009 , vol. 131, # 29 p. 9914 - 9915 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
100 MHz
supporting information
Kuninobu, Yoichiro; Matsuki, Takashi; Takai, Kazuhiko
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2009 , vol. 131, # 29 p. 9914 - 9915 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Reaxys Registry Number: 6506980
Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C16H26O2
Linear Structure Formula: C16H26O2
1 prep out of 1 reactions.
Identification Physical Data (1)
2
Molecular Weight: 250.381
InChI Key: BXUOVJDNORSWHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
22
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Identification Substance Label (2) Label
Reference
3, R=(CH2)8CH3
Ozaki, Yutaka; Hosoya, Ayako; Okamura, Kyouko; Kim, Sang-Won
Synlett, 1997 , vol. 1997, # 4 p. 365 - 366 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
n=10
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (1) Melting Point
Reference
104 °C
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Reaxys Registry Number: 25075068
Molecular Formula: C16H26O2
Linear Structure Formula: C16H26O2
Molecular Weight: 250.381
InChI Key: BQIIWUDZCOLYDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
23
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Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (1) 1 of 1
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
De Rosa; De Giulio; Iodice
Journal of Natural Products (Lloydia), 1994 , vol. 57, # 12 p. 1711 - 1716 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
no reactions.
Bioactivity (1)
1
Chemical Name: 2-(1-methyl-decyl)-hydroquinone Reaxys Registry Number: 3289690
Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C17H28O2
Linear Structure Formula: C17H28O2
Molecular Weight: 264.408
InChI Key: NRFYGJCKDSMUFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
24
1 prep out of 1 reactions.
Physical Data (1)
1
Identification Physical Data (3)
2
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-(1-methyl-decyl)-hydroquinone, 2-(1-Methyl-decyl)-hydrochinon Physical Data Boiling Point (1) Boiling Point
Pressure (Boiling Point)
Reference
163 - 166 °C
0.5 Torr
Eastman Kodak Co.
Patent: US2701197 , 1951 ; Full Text Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-undecyl-hydroquinone Reaxys Registry Number: 3302775
CAS Registry Number: 89118-49-0 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C17H28O2
Linear Structure Formula: C17H28O2
Molecular Weight: 264.408
InChI Key: ZQVFLVKRECCNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
25
1 prep out of 2 reactions.
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-undecyl-hydroquinone, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-undecyl-benzol, 2-Undecyl-hydrochinon Identification Substance Label (1) Label
Reference
n=11
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (2) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
98 °C
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
100 - 101.5 °C
Asano; Hase
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1940 , vol. 60, p. 650,658 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1941 , vol. 61, p. engl. Ref. S. 1, 5 Chem.Abstr., 1942 , p. 83 Full Text Show Details
benzene
Crystal Property Description (1) Colour & Other Properties
Reference
Nadeln
Asano; Hase
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1940 , vol. 60, p. 650,658 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1941 , vol. 61, p. engl. Ref. S. 1, 5 Chem.Abstr., 1942 , p. 83 Full Text Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-dodecylbenzene-1,4-diol Reaxys Registry Number: 1974428
CAS Registry Number: 4595-23-7 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C18H30O2
Linear Structure Formula: C18H30O2
Molecular Weight: 278.435
InChI Key: ZNQOWAYHQGMKBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
26
12 prep out of 20 reactions.
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-dodecylbenzene-1,4-diol, 2-dodecyl-hydroquinone, 2-Dodecyl-hydrochinon, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-dodecyl-benzol Identification Substance Label (5) Label
Reference
A
Pulsipher, Abigail; Dutta, Debjit; Luo, Wei; Yousaf, Muhammad N.
Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 2014 , vol. 53, # 36 p. 9487 - 9492,6 Angewandte Chemie, 2014 , vol. 126, # 36 p. 9641 - 9646,6 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
3, R=(CH2)10CH3
Ozaki, Yutaka; Hosoya, Ayako; Okamura, Kyouko; Kim, Sang-Won
Synlett, 1997 , vol. 1997, # 4 p. 365 - 366 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
7-12
Shi, Ji-Liang; Chen, Xin; Jiang, Xi-Kui
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 61, # 14 p. 4698 - 4702 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
n=12
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Tab.II
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (7) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
107 °C
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124
Identification Physical Data (8) Spectra (5)
9
Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
105 - 106 °C
methanol H2O
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
106.5 - 108 °C
Eastman Kodak Co.
Patent: US2728659 , 1953 ; Full Text Show Details
105 °C
Cook; Heilbron; Lewis
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1942 , p. 659 Full Text Show Details
109 - 111 °C
benzene
Asano; Hase
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1940 , vol. 60, p. 650,658 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1941 , vol. 61, p. engl. Ref. S. 1, 5 Chem.Abstr., 1942 , p. 83 Full Text Show Details
109 - 111 °C
petroleum ether
Asano; Hase
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1940 , vol. 60, p. 650,658 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1941 , vol. 61, p. engl. Ref. S. 1, 5 Chem.Abstr., 1942 , p. 83 Full Text Show Details
109 °C
Hasan; Stedman
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1931 , p. 2112,2120 Full Text Show Details
Crystal Property Description (1) Colour & Other Properties
Location
Reference
white
supporting information
Pulsipher, Abigail; Dutta, Debjit; Luo, Wei; Yousaf, Muhammad N.
Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 2014 , vol. 53, # 36 p. 9487 - 9492,6 Angewandte Chemie, 2014 , vol. 126, # 36 p. 9641 - 9646,6 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (3) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Frequency (NMR Spectroscopy)
Chemical shifts
1H
chloroform-d1
400 MHz
supporting information
Pulsipher, Abigail; Dutta, Debjit; Luo, Wei; Yousaf, Muhammad N.
Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 2014 , vol. 53, # 36 p. 9487 - 9492,6 Angewandte Chemie, 2014 , vol. 126, # 36 p. 9641 9646,6 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
1H
CDCl3
Shi, Ji-Liang; Chen, Xin; Jiang, Xi-Kui
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 61, # 14 p. 4698 - 4702 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spin-spin coupling constants
CDCl3
1H-1H
Shi, Ji-Liang; Chen, Xin; Jiang, Xi-Kui
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 61, # 14 p. 4698 - 4702 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Location
Comment (NMR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Mass Spectrometry (2) Description (Mass Spectrometry)
Location
Reference
electrospray ionisation (ESI) spectrum
supporting information
Pulsipher, Abigail; Dutta, Debjit; Luo, Wei; Yousaf, Muhammad N.
Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 2014 , vol. 53, # 36 p. 9487 - 9492,6 Angewandte Chemie, 2014 , vol. 126, # 36 p. 9641 - 9646,6 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
spectrum electron impact (EI)
Shi, Ji-Liang; Chen, Xin; Jiang, Xi-Kui
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 61, # 14 p. 4698 - 4702 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-(1,1,3,3,5,5-Hexamethyl-hexyl)-hydrochinon Reaxys Registry Number: 3058015
CAS Registry Number: 23491-04-5 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C18H30O2
Linear Structure Formula: C18H30O2
Molecular Weight: 278.435
InChI Key: VQHUOHBXLHZHAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
27
1 prep out of 2 reactions.
Identification Physical Data (1)
1
Identification Physical Data (4)
3
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-(1,1,3,3,5,5-Hexamethyl-hexyl)-hydrochinon Identification Substance Label (1) Label
Reference
IId
Buben,I.; Pospisil,J.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1969 , vol. 34, p. 1991 - 2001 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (1) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
106 - 108 °C
hexane
Buben,I.; Pospisil,J.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1969 , vol. 34, p. 1991 - 2001 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-tetradecyl-hydroquinone Reaxys Registry Number: 3332425
CAS Registry Number: 50677-17-3 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C20H34O2
Linear Structure Formula: C20H34O2
Molecular Weight: 306.489
InChI Key: XSOIFQUPZMOPBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
28
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3 prep out of 6 reactions.
Label
Reference
n=14
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (3) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
107 °C
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
110 °C
petroleum ether
Cook; Heilbron; Lewis
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1942 , p. 659 Full Text Show Details
110 - 112 °C
benzene
Asano; Hase
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1940 , vol. 60, p. 650,658 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1941 , vol. 61, p. engl. Ref. S. 1, 5 Chem.Abstr., 1942 , p. 83 Full Text Show Details
Crystal Property Description (1) Colour & Other Properties
Reference
Nadeln
Asano; Hase
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1940 , vol. 60, p. 650,658 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1941 , vol. 61, p. engl. Ref. S. 1, 5 Chem.Abstr., 1942 , p. 83 Full Text Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-n-pentadecylhydroquinone Reaxys Registry Number: 3350551
CAS Registry Number: 53918-51-7 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C21H36O2
Linear Structure Formula: C21H36O2
Molecular Weight: 320.516
InChI Key: IFTCIJGLDWOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
29
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Reference
4
ElSohly, Mahmoud A.; Adawadkar, Prakash D.; Benigni, Daniel A.; Watson, Edna S.; Little, Thomas L.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986 , vol. 29, # 5 p. 606 - 611 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (4)
Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Comment (Melting Point)
Reference
10 prep out of 11 reactions.
Identification Physical Data (4) Spectra (3) Bioactivity (2)
5
104 - 105 °C
ethyl acetate hexane
ElSohly, Mahmoud A.; Adawadkar, Prakash D.; Benigni, Daniel A.; Watson, Edna S.; Little, Thomas L.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986 , vol. 29, # 5 p. 606 - 611 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
107.6 - 108 °C
Sublimation.im Vakuum.
Loev; Dawson
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1956 , vol. 78, p. 4083,4086 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
105.5 - 106.5 °C
petroleum ether
Wasserman; Dawson
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1950 , vol. 72, p. 4994,4996 Full Text Show Details
105.5 - 106.5 °C
CHCl3
Wasserman; Dawson
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1950 , vol. 72, p. 4994,4996 Full Text Show Details
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (1) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Chemical shifts
1H
pyridine-d5
Reference ElSohly, Mahmoud A.; Adawadkar, Prakash D.; Benigni, Daniel A.; Watson, Edna S.; Little, Thomas L.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986 , vol. 29, # 5 p. 606 - 611 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
IR Spectroscopy (1) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Solvent (IR Spectroscopy)
Comment (IR Spectroscopy)
Bands
KBr
3270 - 1193 cm**(-1)
Reference ElSohly, Mahmoud A.; Adawadkar, Prakash D.; Benigni, Daniel A.; Watson, Edna S.; Little, Thomas L.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986 , vol. 29, # 5 p. 606 - 611 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Mass Spectrometry (1) Description (Mass Spectrometry)
Reference
spectrum
ElSohly, Mahmoud A.; Adawadkar, Prakash D.; Benigni, Daniel A.; Watson, Edna S.; Little, Thomas L.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986 , vol. 29, # 5 p. 606 - 611 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (2) 1 of 2
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
Patent: US4758381 A1, 1988 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Loev; Dawson
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1956 , vol. 78, p. 4083,4086 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Wasserman; Dawson
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1950 , vol. 72, p. 4994,4996 Full Text Show Details
ElSohly, Mahmoud A.; Adawadkar, Prakash D.; Benigni, Daniel A.; Watson, Edna S.; Little, Thomas L.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986 , vol. 29, # 5 p. 606 - 611 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
ElSohly; Adawadkar; Benigni; Watson; Little Jr.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986 , vol. 29, # 5 p. 606 - 611 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
2 of 2
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
lack of ability to cross-react with poison ivy urushiol in sensitized guinea pigs
Reference
ElSohly, Mahmoud A.; Adawadkar, Prakash D.; Benigni, Daniel A.; Watson, Edna S.; Little, Thomas L.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986 , vol. 29, # 5 p. 606 - 611 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Reaxys Registry Number: 25075069
Molecular Formula: C21H36O2
Linear Structure Formula: C21H36O2
Molecular Weight: 320.516
InChI Key: JUXSWZJTJGFKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
no reactions.
Bioactivity (1)
1
8 prep out of 13 reactions.
Identification Physical Data (8) Spectra (8) Bioactivity (2)
9
30
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Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (1) 1 of 1
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
De Rosa; De Giulio; Iodice
Journal of Natural Products (Lloydia), 1994 , vol. 57, # 12 p. 1711 - 1716 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-hexadecyl-hydroquinone Reaxys Registry Number: 2057070
CAS Registry Number: 4595-26-0 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C22H38O2
Linear Structure Formula: C22H38O2
Molecular Weight: 334.543
InChI Key: MKJMXPFTCHYBRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
31
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-hexadecyl-hydroquinone, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-hexadecyl-benzol, 2-Hexadecyl-hydrochinon, 2-hexadecylbenzene-1,4-diol, Hexadecylhydroquinone Identification Patent-Specific Data (1) Related Markush Structure (RN)
Reference
12759913
Meiji Dairies Corporation
Patent: EP1854777 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (6) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
114 °C
Groweiss, Amiram; Cardellina II, John H.; Pannell, Lewis K.; Uyakul, Duangchan; Kashman, Yoel; Boyd, Michael R.
Journal of Natural Products, 1997 , vol. 60, # 2 p. 116 - 121
Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
110 °C
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
110 - 111 °C
benzene petroleum ether
Neiland; Trybatscha
Patent: SU371196 , 1973 ; Ref. Zh., Khim., 1974 , vol. 8, # N121P Full Text Show Details
112.5 - 113.5 °C
petroleum ether benzene
Armstrong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1960 , vol. 82, p. 1928,1932 Full Text Show Details
112 °C
petroleum ether
Cook; Heilbron; Lewis
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1942 , p. 659 Full Text Show Details
110 - 111 °C
benzene
Asano; Hase
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1940 , vol. 60, p. 650,658 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1941 , vol. 61, p. engl. Ref. S. 1, 5 Chem.Abstr., 1942 , p. 83 Full Text Show Details
Crystal Property Description (2) Colour & Other Properties
Reference
white
Meiji Dairies Corporation
Patent: EP1854777 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Asano; Hase
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1940 , vol. 60, p. 650,658 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1941 , vol. 61, p. engl. Ref. S. 1, 5 Chem.Abstr., 1942 , p. 83 Full Text Show Details
Nadeln
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (7) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Frequency (NMR Spectroscopy)
1H
methanol-d4
300 MHz
13C
methanol-d4
75 MHz
Original Text (NMR Spectroscopy) 1H-NMR:
(300MHz, CD3OD) δ: 0.88 (t, 3H,
J=6.7Hz, -CH3); 1.27 (s large, 26H, (CH2)13-); 1.50 (qt, 2H, J=6.6Hz, -CH2-); 2.49 (t, 2H, J=7.6Hz, -CH2-Ar); 4.83 (s, 2H, -OH); 6.43 (dd, 1H, J3=8.5Hz, J5=3.3Hz, aromatic-CH); 6.51 (d, 1H, J5=3.3Hz, aromatic-CH); 6.56 (d, 1H, J3=8.5Hz, aromatic-CH) 13C-NMR:
(75MHz, CD3OD) δ: 13.18; 22.36;
22.93; 29.09-29.67; 29.89; 31.68; 112.45; 115.26; 116.21; 130.04; 147.62; 149.48
Comment (NMR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Signals given
Meiji Dairies Corporation
Patent: EP1854777 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Signals given
Meiji Dairies Corporation
Patent: EP1854777 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Spectrum
1H
CDCl3 tetradeuteriomethanol
Groweiss, Amiram; Cardellina II, John H.; Pannell, Lewis K.; Uyakul, Duangchan; Kashman, Yoel; Boyd, Michael R.
Journal of Natural Products, 1997 , vol. 60, # 2 p. 116 - 121 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
13C
CDCl3 tetradeuteriomethanol
Groweiss, Amiram; Cardellina II, John H.; Pannell, Lewis K.; Uyakul, Duangchan; Kashman, Yoel; Boyd, Michael R.
Journal of Natural Products, 1997 , vol. 60, # 2 p. 116 - 121 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles
Show Details
Spin-spin coupling constants
CDCl3 tetradeuteriomethanol
1H-1H.
Groweiss, Amiram; Cardellina II, John H.; Pannell, Lewis K.; Uyakul, Duangchan; Kashman, Yoel; Boyd, Michael R.
Journal of Natural Products, 1997 , vol. 60, # 2 p. 116 - 121 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical shifts
1H
CDCl3
Shi, Ji-Liang; Chen, Xin; Jiang, Xi-Kui
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 61, # 14 p. 4698 - 4702 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Spin-spin coupling constants
CDCl3
1H-1H
Shi, Ji-Liang; Chen, Xin; Jiang, Xi-Kui
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 61, # 14 p. 4698 - 4702 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Mass Spectrometry (1) Description (Mass Spectrometry)
Reference
spectrum electron impact (EI)
Shi, Ji-Liang; Chen, Xin; Jiang, Xi-Kui
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 61, # 14 p. 4698 - 4702 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (2) 1 of 2
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Meiji Dairies Corporation
Patent: EP1854777 A1, 2007 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Cook; Heilbron; Lewis
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1942 , p. 659 Full Text Show Details
Asano; Hase
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1940 , vol. 60, p. 650,658 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1941 , vol. 61, p. engl. Ref. S. 1, 5 Chem.Abstr., 1942 , p. 83 Full Text Show Details
Neiland; Trybatscha
Patent: SU371196 , 1973 ; Ref. Zh., Khim., 1974 , vol. 8, # N121P Full Text Show Details
Armstrong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1960 , vol. 82, p. 1928,1932 Full Text Show Details
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Shi, Ji-Liang; Chen, Xin; Jiang, Xi-Kui
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1996 , vol. 61, # 14 p. 4698 - 4702 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Groweiss, Amiram; Cardellina II, John H.; Pannell, Lewis K.; Uyakul, Duangchan; Kashman, Yoel; Boyd, Michael R.
Journal of Natural Products, 1997 , vol. 60, # 2 p. 116 - 121 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Rhodia Chimie
Patent: US6049015 A1, 2000 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
2 of 2
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
in vitro significant differential cytotoxicity against the NCI panel of human tumor cell lines
Reference
Groweiss, Amiram; Cardellina II, John H.; Pannell, Lewis K.; Uyakul, Duangchan; Kashman, Yoel; Boyd, Michael R.
Journal of Natural Products, 1997 , vol. 60, # 2 p. 116 - 121 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Reaxys Registry Number: 6517964
4 prep
Identification
2
Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C23H40O2
Linear Structure Formula: C23H40O2
Molecular Weight: 348.569
InChI Key: YFUNSXVYSZPKHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
out of 4 reactions.
Physical Data (2) Spectra (3) Bioactivity (2)
32
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar
Identification Substance Label (2) Label
Reference
8d
Jinno, Shuji; Okita, Takaaki
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1998 , vol. 46, # 11 p. 1688 - 1694 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
n=17
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (2) Melting Point
Reference
111.9 - 113.1 °C
Jinno, Shuji; Okita, Takaaki
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1998 , vol. 46, # 11 p. 1688 - 1694 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
107 °C
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Spectra NMR Spectroscopy (1) Description (NMR Spectroscopy)
Nucleus (NMR Spectroscopy)
Coupling Nuclei
Solvents (NMR Spectroscopy)
Chemical shifts
1H
1H
dimethylsulfoxide-d6
Reference Jinno, Shuji; Okita, Takaaki
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1998 , vol. 46, # 11 p. 1688 1694 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
IR Spectroscopy (1) Description (IR Spectroscopy)
Solvent (IR Spectroscopy)
Comment (IR Spectroscopy)
Reference
Bands
KBr
3280 - 1459 1/cm
Jinno, Shuji; Okita, Takaaki
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1998 , vol. 46, # 11 p. 1688 - 1694 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Mass Spectrometry (1) Description (Mass Spectrometry)
Reference
spectrum electron impact (EI)
Jinno, Shuji; Okita, Takaaki
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1998 , vol. 46, # 11 p. 1688 - 1694 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (2) 1 of 2
2 of 2
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Jinno, Shuji; Okita, Takaaki
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1998 , vol. 46, # 11 p. 1688 - 1694 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidative activity (tert-butylhydroperoxide-initiated lipid peroxidation of rabbit erythrocyte ghost membrane, IC50 = 12.66 μM)
Reference
Jinno, Shuji; Okita, Takaaki
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1998 , vol. 46, # 11 p. 1688 - 1694 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Chemical Name: 2-octadecyl-hydroquinone Reaxys Registry Number: 2058595
CAS Registry Number: 1706-70-3 Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C24H42O2
Linear Structure Formula: C24H42O2
Molecular Weight: 362.596
InChI Key: GDOYYIKTCYJSRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
33
7 prep out of 9 reactions.
Synthesize | Hide Details Find similar Chemical Names and Synonyms 2-octadecyl-hydroquinone, 2-Octadecyl-hydrochinon, 2.5-Dihydroxy-1-octadecyl-benzol, 2-Octadecylhydrochinon Identification Substance Label (2) Label
Reference
n=18
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Tab.II
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Physical Data Melting Point (7) Melting Point
Solvent (Melting Point)
Reference
111 °C
Berger, K.; Ballauf, M.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (1969-1991), 1988 , vol. 157, p. 109 - 124 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
112 - 113 °C
acetic acid petroleum ether
Neiland; Trybatscha
Patent: SU371196 , 1973 ; Ref. Zh., Khim., 1974 , vol. 8, # N121P Full Text Show Details
Identification Physical Data (8)
7
112 °C
methylcyclohexane
Vandenberghe,A.; Willems,J.F.
Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1965 , vol. 74, p. 397 - 406 Full Text View citing articles Show Details
112 - 114 °C
Fuji Photo Film Co.
Patent: JP461464 , 1961 ; Chem.Abstr., 1965 , vol. 63, # 1736c Full Text Show Details
114 - 115 °C
Eastman Kodak Co.
Patent: US2728659 , 1953 ; Full Text Show Details
100.5 °C
petroleum ether
Cook; Heilbron; Lewis
Journal of the Chemical Society, 1942 , p. 659 Full Text Show Details
112 - 114 °C
benzene
Asano; Hase
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1940 , vol. 60, p. 650,658 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1941 , vol. 61, p. engl. Ref. S. 1, 5 Chem.Abstr., 1942 , p. 83 Full Text Show Details
Crystal Property Description (1) Colour & Other Properties
Reference
Nadeln
Asano; Hase
Yakugaku Zasshi, 1940 , vol. 60, p. 650,658 Yakugaku Zasshi, 1941 , vol. 61, p. engl. Ref. S. 1, 5 Chem.Abstr., 1942 , p. 83 Full Text Show Details
Reaxys Registry Number: 25075070
Molecular Formula: C26H46O2
Linear Structure Formula: C26H46O2
Molecular Weight: 390.65
InChI Key: QBNNFBSVSBMOLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
no reactions.
Bioactivity (1)
1
1 prep out of 1 reactions.
1
34
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Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (1) 1 of 1
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
De Rosa; De Giulio; Iodice
Journal of Natural Products (Lloydia), 1994 , vol. 57, # 12 p. 1711 - 1716 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Reaxys Registry Number: 7716832
Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C28H50O2
Linear Structure Formula: C28H50O2
Molecular Weight: 418.704
InChI Key: DYWXLHVEDQVTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
35
Synthesize Find similar Reaxys Registry Number: 25075071
Molecular Formula: C36H66O2
Linear Structure Formula: C36H66O2
Molecular Weight: 530.919
InChI Key: GXXQXHYUOSYOLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
no reactions.
Bioactivity (1)
1
no reactions.
Bioactivity (1)
1
36
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Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (1) 1 of 1
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
De Rosa; De Giulio; Iodice
Journal of Natural Products (Lloydia), 1994 , vol. 57, # 12 p. 1711 - 1716 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Reaxys Registry Number: 25075072
Molecular Formula: C41H76O2
Linear Structure Formula: C41H76O2
Molecular Weight: 601.053
InChI Key: FVSNTTJDBAWJOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
37
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Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (1) 1 of 1
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
De Rosa; De Giulio; Iodice
Journal of Natural Products (Lloydia), 1994 , vol. 57, # 12 p. 1711 - 1716 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Reaxys Registry Number: 9107531
Type of Substance: isocyclic Molecular Formula: C46H86O2
Linear Structure Formula: C46H86O2
Molecular Weight: 671.188
InChI Key: ATLDLHAWYWIAEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1 prep out of 1 reactions.
38
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Identification Substance Label (1) Label
Reference
5
Tziveleka, Leto-A; Kourounakis, Angeliki P; Kourounakis, Panos N; Roussis, Vassilios; Vagias, Constantinos
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2002 , vol. 10, # 4 p. 935 - 939 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Bioactivity Pharmacological Data (2) 1 of 2
2 of 2
Comment (Pharmacological Data)
Bioactivities present
Reference
Tziveleka, Leto-A; Kourounakis, Angeliki P; Kourounakis, Panos N; Roussis, Vassilios; Vagias, Constantinos
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2002 , vol. 10, # 4 p. 935 - 939 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
De Rosa; De Giulio; Iodice
Journal of Natural Products (Lloydia), 1994 , vol. 57, # 12 p. 1711 - 1716 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details
Effect (Pharmacological Data)
antioxidant
Species or TestSystem (Pharmacological Data)
hepatic microsomal fraction from female Fischer-344 rats
Type (Pharmacological Data)
IC50
Value of Type (Pharmacological Data) Reference
> 1 mmol/l
Tziveleka, Leto-A; Kourounakis, Angeliki P; Kourounakis, Panos N; Roussis, Vassilios; Vagias, Constantinos
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2002 , vol. 10, # 4 p. 935 - 939 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details
Identification Bioactivity (2)
2