gamma-Butyrolactone (oxolan-2-one; dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one; GBL) by Asch

Reaxys

PubChem

eMolecules

Reactions (367)

Yield

Substances (27)

Citations (530)

Conditions

References A

Synthesize Find similar

199

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 30147699 Find similar reactions

With hydrogen

T=260°C; P=75007.5 Torr; Kinetics; Temperature;

Timofeev; Bazanov; Zubritskaya

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 46, # 10 p. 1537 - 1541 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

200

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 30662001 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

With hydrogen; DRD 92/89 D T=197°C; P=47304.6 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

DAVY PROCESS TECHNOLOGY LIMITED

Patent: US2011/92721 A1, 2011 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 6 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

10:

Catalyst DRD 92/89 D obtained from Davy Process Technology Ltd and activated as detailed above was used in a process for the production of tetrahydrofuran from a feed comprising maleic anhydride. The reaction conditions are detailed in Table 1 and the results in Table 2. TABLE 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Inlet Temperature ° C. 194 194 204 217 Exit Temperature ° C. 190 189 198 210 Pressure psig 885 900 900 900 Hydrogen:ester 352 246 246 246True LHSV, hr-1 0.344 0.344 0.344 0.344 TABLE 2 Selectivities, mole percent Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Tetrahydrofuran 83.21 82.69 92.78 97.43 n-butanol 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.52 γ-butyrolactone 11.79 13.38 4.07 0.13 1,4-butanediol 1.63 1.85 0.70 0.00 Conversion, mole percent 67.72 67.48 91.59 99.28 A

Synthesize Find similar

201

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 31708211 Find similar reactions

With water; hydrogen

T=250°C; P=62819.5 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

BIOAMBER S.A.S.

Patent: US2011/245514 A1, 2011 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 8 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

A series of batch hydrogenation reactions are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the catalysts in the hydrogenation of fermentation-derived SA. The reactions are conducted in a stirrable 125 ml autoclave rated up to 2,500 psig.Hydrogenation experiments are conducted by reducing the catalysts in situ for determination of catalyst compositions suitable for hydrogenation of fermentation-derived SA. The experiments are conducted in the 125 ml autoclave as follows: (1) 0.5100 grams of a 1percent ruthenium solution derived from RuCl3.xH2O, 0.2780 g of a HReO4 solution (7.7percent Re from Re2O7), 0.5035 g of particulate acidic carbon (BET 1,500 m2/g), an appropriate amount of 12.5percent Sn solution prepared from 5 nCl4;5H2O, and 35 g of 7percent aqueous SA solution are mixed in the autoclave; (2) Hydrogen is charged to the reactor to 1,200 psig; (3) The reactor contents are heated to 250° C. at 700 rpm and maintained at 250° C. for 3 hours; (4) The reactor is cooled and vented; and (5) A sample of the slurry in the reactor is filtered and analyzed for BDO, THF, GBL, 1-propanol, and n-butanol using gas chromatography.Hydrogenation experiments are also conducted by pre-reducing the catalysts deposited on a support to determine catalysts compositions and supports suitable for hydrogenation of fermentation-derived SA. The catalyst is prepared as follows: (1) 2.0305 grams of 1percent ruthenium solution derived from RuCl3.xH2O, 1.104 grams of 7.7percent rhenium solution derived from HReO4, appropriate amount of 12.5percent Sn solution prepared from SnCl4;5H2O, and 2.03 grams of particulate carbon support (average particle size about 20 micron) characterizes as intrinsically acidic (pH=4-4.5) with BET surface area of about 1,500 m2/g are slurried; (2) The slurry is dried at about 100-120° C., under vacuum and nitrogen purge; (3) The catalysts is reduced under hydrogen-helium flow for about 8 hours at about 300° C.;

(4) The catalysts is cooled under helium to about 50° C. and passivated for 30 minutes under 1percent O2 in N2. The hydrogenation experiments are conducted in the 125 ml autoclave as follows: (1) About 0.1 to 0.5 g of the catalyst and 35 g of 7percent aqueous SA solution are mixed in the autoclave; (2) Hydrogen is charged to the reactor to 1,200 psig; (3) The reactor contents are heated to 250° C. at 700 rpm and maintained at 250° C. for 3 hours; (4) The reactor is cooled and vented; and (5) A sample of the slurry in the reactor is filtered and analyzed for BDO, THF, GBL, 1-propanol, and n-butanol using gas chromatography.Hydrogenation of SA crystallized from simulated broth composed of reagent grade chemicals and de-ionized water is conducted to determine the effectiveness of the catalysts for SA hydrogenation. SA for hydrogenation is prepared as follows: (1) an aqueous solution consisting of 25percent (wt.) SA, 2.5percent (wt.) acetic acid, 0.25percent (wt.) formic acid, and 0.25percent (wt.) lactic acid is prepared at 80° C. in a jacketed kettle equipped with a reflux condenser; (2) The hot solution is cooled to 20° C. by cooling the solution over a 3 hour period following a linear cooling profile; (3) The solution is seeded with 0.1 g of SA crystals at 75° C.; (4) The slurry is allowed to equilibrate at 20° C. for 1 hour; (5) The slurry is filtered with vacuum filtration and washed with 20 g of water; (6) 50 g of the cake (10percent wt. moisture) is dissolved in 593 g of deionized water (7percent wt. solution).Hydrogenation of SA crystallized from fermentation-derived broth is conducted to establish the effect of carryover impurities from fermentation. Fermentation-derived SA for hydrogenation is prepared as follows: (1) A fermentation-derived broth containing 4.5percent (wt.) DAS, 0.45percent (wt.) ammonium acetate, 0.05percent (wt.) ammonium formate, and 0.05percent (wt.) ammonium lactate is deammoniated and concentrated resulting in a greater than 25percent SA solution; (2) The hot solution is cooled to 20° C. by cooling the solution over a 3 hour period following a linear cooling profile; (3) The solution is seeded with 0.1 g of SA crystals at 75° C.; (4) The slurry is allowed to equilibrate at 20° C. for 1 hour; (5) The slurry is filtered with vacuum filtration and washed with 20 g of water; (6) 50 g of the cake (10percent wt. moisture) is dissolved in 593 g of deionized water (7percent wt. solution).Representative results are presented in Examples 6-13 in Table 3. TABLE 3 Representative hydrogenation results Ex. Catalysts SA BDO THF GBL PrOH BuOH 61percent Ru:4percent Re(a) S 0.08 16.9 0.08 1.45 1.21 71percent Ru:4percent Re(a) F 0.08 16.9 0.08 1.45 1.21 81percent Ru:0.8percent Re:0.4percent(a) S 91percent Ru:0.8percent Re:0.4percent(a) F 101percent Ru:4percent Re(b) S 0.88 14.8 0.29 2.16 1.59 111percent Ru:4percent Re(b) F 0.88 14.8 0.29 2.16 1.59 121percent Ru:0.8percent Re:0.4percent(b) S 131percent Ru:0.8percent Re:0.4percent(b) F S = succinic acid derived from simulated broth derived from reagent chemicals, F = succinic acid derived from fermentation broth,(a) = catalyst reduced in situ,(b) = Pre-reduced catalytst, PrOH = propanol, and BuOH = butanol. With hydrogen; 1percentRu:4percentRe T=250°C; 3 h; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

BIOAMBER S.A.S.

Patent: US2011/245515 A1, 2011 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 12 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

15:

Hydrogenation experiments conducted by reducing the catalysts in situ for determination of catalyst compositions suitable for hydrogenation of fermentation-derived SA. The experiments are conducted in the 125 ml autoclave as follows: (1) 0.5100 grams of a 1percent ruthenium solution derived from RuCl3.xH2O, 0.2780 g of a HReO4 solution (7.7percent Re from Re2O7), 0.5035 g of particulate acidic carbon (BET 1,500 m2/g), an appropriate amount of 12.5percent Sn solution prepared from SnCl4;5H2O, and 35 g of 7percent aqueous SA solution are mixed in the autoclave; (2) Hydrogen is charged to the reactor to 1,200 psig; (3) The reactor contents are heated to 250° C. at 700 rpm and maintained at 250° C. for 3 hours; (4) The reactor is cooled and vented; and (5) A sample of the slurry in the reactor is filtered and analyzed for BDO, THF, GBL, 1-propanol, and n-butanol using gas chromatography.

Di, Xin; Shao, Zhengfeng; Li, Chuang; Li, Wenzhen; Liang, Changhai

Catalysis Science and Technology, 2015 , vol. 5, # 4 p. 2441 - 2448 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With hydrogen in water

T=240°C; P=60006 Torr; 10 h; Autoclave; Catalytic behaviorKinetics; Reagent/catalystConcentrationPressureTemperature;

Synthesize Find similar

202

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 33502257 Find similar reactions

With hydrogen; Ni/Cu/MnOx/ZrO2 in water

T=180°C; P=760.051 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

BASF SE; PINKOS, Rolf; OSETSKA, Olga; KOeNIGSMANN, Lucia; BASF JAPAN LTD.

Patent: WO2012/95777 A1, 2012 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 11-12 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Examples 7 to 9 below were carried out using technical-grade 1 ,4-butynediol at atmospheric pressure. The 1 ,4-butynediol solution was pumped continuously into a thin film evaporator with about 99.5percent by weight of the feed solution being fed in vapor form to the in each case about 50 ml of catalyst or mixture of two catalysts in a reactor tube having a diameter of 2.7 cm. Both reactor tube and thin film evaporator were operated together using recycle gas. The amount of fresh gas was 2.5 mol of hydrogen/mole of butynediol. After the reactor tube, the gaseous reactor output was cooled to about 20°C and product which condensed out was collected. The offgas was passed through a cold trap at -78°C and further product was condensed out in this way. The two condensates were combined for the purposes of analysis. The catalysts were activated in a stream of hydrogen before the reaction. The results are shown in table 2. BASF SE; PINKOS, Rolf; OSETSKA, Olga; KOeNIGSMANN, Lucia; BASF JAPAN LTD.

Patent: WO2012/95777 A1, 2012 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 11-12 ;

With hydrogen; Ni/Cu/MnOx/ZrO2 in water

T=220°C; P=760.051 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

203

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 33590016 Find similar reactions

With hydrogen; Ni/Cu/MnOx/ZrO2 in water

T=250°C; P=760.051 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

BASF SE; PINKOS, Rolf; OSETSKA, Olga; KOeNIGSMANN, Lucia; BASF JAPAN LTD.

Patent: WO2012/95777 A1, 2012 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 11-12 ;

Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

204

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 35508446 Find similar reactions

A: 6.34% B: 5.33% C: 83.96%

With palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen in water

T=130 - 182°C; P=52505.3 Torr; Hide Experimental Procedure

CONSER SPA; SIMOLA, Flavio; SCARSELLA, Marco; DE FILIPPIS, Paolo

Patent: WO2013/76747 A1, 2013 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 28; 29 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Example 3In this example 3 the conditions of example 2 have been repeated, with the only difference of a small addition of water to the feed to simulate the conditions of an industrial plant, where the recycle gas is saturated by water .The main results of the analytical test are shown in Table 4 Table 4 - DMM Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis - Wet conditionsUnknown 1 0.95Other unknown less than 0.01 (*) net of water and methanolThis example 3 shows that in wet conditions the overall results are very similar to the dry conditions ones, with the main difference in the yields in THF which drops from 13percent to around 6percent, being this difference compensated by an equivalent increased yield in BDO.The overall yield in the three valuable products, BDO, GBL and THF, is 95.6percent. Considering that the unreacted DMS may be separated by distillation, alone or in mixture with GBL, and recycled back to the reaction system, the actual overall yield is around A

Synthesize Find similar

205

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 36543367 Find similar reactions

With hydrogen in water

T=160°C; P=112511 Torr; 50 h; Inert atmosphereHigh pressureSonication; Reagent/catalyst;

206

Tapin, Benoit; Epron, Florence; Especel, Catherine; Ly, Bao Khanh; Pinel, Catherine; Besson, Michele

ACS Catalysis, 2013 , vol. 3, # 10 p. 2327 - 2335 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 36869336 Find similar reactions

A: 46.4 %Chromat.

Synthesize Find similar

With ruthenium-carbon composite; hydrogen in 1,4-dioxane

T=240°C; P=60006 Torr; 4 h; Autoclave; Reagent/catalyst; Hide Experimental Procedure

Synthesize Find similar

Hong, Ung Gi; Kim, Jeong Kwon; Lee, Joongwon; Lee, Jong Kwon; Song, Ji Hwan; Yi, Jongheop; Song, In Kyu

Applied Catalysis A: General, 2014 , vol. 469, p. 466 - 471 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

2.3. Hydrogenation of succinic acid to THF

Liquid-phase hydrogenation of succinic acid (SA) to THF was carried out over Ru–XC catalysts (X = 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400°C) in a batch reactor at 240°C and 80 bar (H2). Succinic acid (0.5 g) and a reduced Ru–XC catalyst (0.2 g) were charged into an autoclave (150 ml). 1,4-Dioxane (50 ml) was used as a solvent for the reaction. The reactor was purged with nitrogen to remove air, and then it was pressurized up to 40 bar using hydrogen. After heating the reactor to reaction temperature (240°C), hydrogen pressure was raised up to 80 bar. The catalytic reaction was carried out for 4 h. During the reaction, reaction mixture was stirred at 500 rpm in order to avoid mass transfer limitation. Reaction products were analyzed using a gas chromatograph (Younglin, ACME-6100) equipped with a FID (flame ionization detector). In order to investigate the stability of the catalyst after the reaction, the amount of ruthenium leaching was measured by ICP-AES (PerkinElmer, Optima-4300DV) analyses. A

Synthesize Find similar

207

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 38841233 Find similar reactions

A: 6.34 %Chromat. B: 5.33 %Chromat. C: 83.96 %Chromat.

Stage #1: With palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen in water

T=130 - 135°C; P=52505.3 Torr; Stage #2: With hydrogen in water

T=178 - 182°C; P=52505.3 Torr; Hide Experimental Procedure

CONSER SPA; Simola, Flavio; Scarsella, Marco; De Filippis, Paolo

Patent: US2014/316146 A1, 2014 ; Location in patent: Paragraph 0116-0118 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

In this example 3 the conditions of example 2 have been repeated, with the only difference of a small addition of water to the feed to simulate the conditions of an industrial plant, where the recycle gas is saturated by water. The main results of the analytical test are shown in Table 4 [TABLE-US-00004] TABLE 4 DMM Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis-Wet conditions DMM conversion 100percent Selectivity to 95.6 BDO/GBL/THF Composition (*) percent THF 6.34 BuOH 0.69 2Me THF less than 0.01 Me-butyrate 0.22 2-Metoxy-THF less than 0.01 4-Metoxy-BuOH 0.31 GBL 5.33 1,4 BDO 83.96 DMS 2.20 Unknown 1 0.95 Other unknown less than 0.01 (*) net of water and methanol [0117] This example 3 shows that in wet conditions the overall results are very similar to the dry conditions ones, with the main difference in the yields in THF which drops from 13percent to around 6percent, being this difference compensated by an equivalent increased yield in BDO. [0118] The overall yield in the three valuable products, BDO, GBL and THF, is 95.6percent. Considering that the unreacted DMS may be separated by distillation, alone or in mixture with GBL, and recycled back to the reaction system, the actual overall yield is around 97.8percent.

With hydrogen

Industrial scale; Hide Experimental Procedure

JOHNSON MATTHEY DAVY TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED; HILES, Andrew George; ANDERSSON, Rikard Umberto; WILLIAMS, Michael Gavin John

Patent: WO2016/151289 A1, 2016 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 14-15 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

1:Example 1

In a process to produce 1 ,4 butanediol from maleic anhydride the maleic anhydride is esterified first in an autocatalytic reactor in contact with methanol, in a near to stoichiometric ratio to produce a stream of mono methyl maleate and heated to a temperature of about 1 10°C. This stream is fed near to the top of a reaction column containing a solid esterification catalyst suspended on the column reaction trays. Dry methanol is fed to the bottom of the reaction column at a feed rate equivalent to about 3mols of methanol to each mol of maleic anhydride feed. The methanol is vaporised in the reboiler which is heated by steam at a pressure of about 20 barg. This methanol travels up the column as a vapour, mixing and suspending the resin on the reaction trays, stripping water from the reaction trays and partially condensing on the trays to react with the mono methyl maleate to form dimethyl maleate and water. The conversion to dimethyl maleate is >99percent. The bottom offtake liquid is heated up to about 160°C in the reboiler which reduces the methanol content of the bottom liquid to <5wtpercent. The overhead vapour from the reaction column containing the excess methanol and water from the esterification reaction is fed to a distillation column (the methanol column) to remove the water from this stream and produce a dry methanol stream for recycle to the reaction column bottom. The dimethyl maleate is fed to a hydrogenation reaction system for conversion to a mixture of 1 ,4 butanediol and co-products of tetrahydrofuran and [gammaj-butyroactone. These are separated from each other, from other impurities and from methanol and water produced in hydrogenation in a series of distillation columns to produce product grade 1 ,4 butanediol , tetrahydrofuran and [gamma]- butyrolactone. In this arrangement the steam requirement for the reaction column reboiler is about 0.7 ton of steam per ton of total products. A

208

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 40275632 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

With hydrogen in methanol

T=190°C; P=45717.1 Torr; 197 h; Temperature; Hide Experimental Procedure

JOHNSON MATTHEY DAVY TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED; SMIDT, Martin Lucas; CAMPBELL, Ian; GORDON, Paul; FERGUSON, Christopher; REED, Graham

Patent: WO2015/82916 A1, 2015 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 19-20; 21 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

A hydrogenation reactor was charged with 250 mL of catalyst of 1.45 for catalyst DRD- 92/89-A and 1.35 for PG-85/1. Both catalysts are available from Johnson Matthey Davy Technologies Ltd Distilled bio~dimethyi succinate made from bio-succinic acid samples A & B, with a low sulphur concentration (ppb) was introduced. The feed composition was 85 wtpercent DMS and 15 wtpercent methanol. The reactor was operated at the following conditions: Exit Temperature, Pressure, psi(g) LHSV, hf1 H2: Ester (molar) This process gave a dimethyl succinate conversion of 99.67 molpercent, with selectivity to tetrahydrofuran, butanol, γ-butyrolactone and butanediol of 3.91 mopercent, 0.97 molpercent, 11.77 molpercent and 83.24 moipercent respectively.

With hydrogen in methanol

T=180°C; P=30402 Torr; 72 h; TemperaturePressure; Hide Experimental Procedure

CJ CHEILJEDANG CORPORATION; KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY; YANG, YOUNG RYEOL; KIM, BYUNG SIK; KIM, JEONG HYUN; LEE, JUNG HO; SHIN, HYUN KWAN; KIM, JU NAM; CHO, KYUNG HO

Patent: KR2015/118287 A, 2015 ; Location in patent: Paragraph 0274-0276 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

11:Preparation of 1,4-BDO from dialkyl succinate

1,4-BDO was prepared via hydrogenation from DMS (dimethyl succinate). Specifically, methanol / DMS (50/50 vol percent) was used and the catalyst was prepared according to Example 1 of Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0538979CuO (72.2) MnO2 (2.5) ZnO (0.3) SiO2 (25) (in parentheses represents wtpercent) was used and reacted under the conditions shown in Table 32 below. The product was partially recovered and the components were analyzed. The results are shown in Table 32 below. A

Synthesize Find similar

209

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 41670127 Find similar reactions

B: 70%

With hydrogen

T=200°C; P=37503.8 Torr; 10 h; Autoclave;

Liu, Xiaoran; Wang, Xicheng; Xu, Guoqiang; Liu, Qiang; Mu, Xindong; Liu, Haichao

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015 , vol. 3, # 46 p. 23560 - 23569 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With hydrogen in 1,4-dioxane

T=119.84°C; P=60006 Torr; 4 h; Autoclave; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalystTemperature; Overall yield = 26 percent;

Takeda, Yasuyuki; Tamura, Masazumi; Nakagawa, Yoshinao; Okumura, Kazu; Tomishige, Keiichi

Catalysis Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 6, # 14 p. 5668 - 5683 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

210

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 42987760 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

With hydrogen in ethanol

T=210°C; P=1875.19 Torr; Green chemistry; Catalytic behavior; TemperaturePressure;

Hu, Qi; Yang, Lan; Fan, Guoli; Li, Feng

Journal of Catalysis, 2016 , vol. 340, p. 184 - 195 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With hydrogen in methanol

T=185°C; P=30402 Torr; 151 h; Temperature; Hide Experimental Procedure

CJ CHEILJEDANG CORPORATION; KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY; YANG, YOUNG RYEOL; KIM, BYUNG SIK; KIM, JEONG HYUN; LEE, JUNG HO; SHIN, HYUN KWAN; KIM, JU NAM; CHO, KYUNG HO

Patent: KR2015/118287 A, 2015 ; Location in patent: Paragraph 0274-0277 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

11:Preparation of 1,4-BDO from dialkyl succinate

Synthesize Find similar

211

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 44253534 Find similar reactions

With hydrogen in 1,4-dioxane

T=179.84°C; P=60006 Torr; 2 h; Autoclave; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalystTemperatureTime; Overall yield = 34 percent;

212

Takeda, Yasuyuki; Tamura, Masazumi; Nakagawa, Yoshinao; Okumura, Kazu; Tomishige, Keiichi

Catalysis Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 6, # 14 p. 5668 - 5683 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 44253535 Find similar reactions

A: 0.2% B: 3.1% C: 89% F: 7.6%

Synthesize Find similar

With hydrogen in 1,4-dioxane

T=139.84°C; P=60006 Torr; 24 h; Autoclave; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalystTime; Overall yield = > 99 percent;

Synthesize Find similar

Takeda, Yasuyuki; Tamura, Masazumi; Nakagawa, Yoshinao; Okumura, Kazu; Tomishige, Keiichi

Catalysis Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 6, # 14 p. 5668 - 5683 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

213

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 44253536 Find similar reactions

A: 1.2% B: 4% C: 32% D: 6.8% E: 54%

With hydrogen in 1,4-dioxane

T=139.84°C; P=60006 Torr; 48 h; Autoclave; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalystTime; Overall yield = 100 percent;

Takeda, Yasuyuki; Tamura, Masazumi; Nakagawa, Yoshinao; Okumura, Kazu; Tomishige, Keiichi

Catalysis Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 6, # 14 p. 5668 - 5683 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

214

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 44253537 Find similar reactions

With hydrogen in 1,4-dioxane

T=159.84°C; P=60006 Torr; 4 h; Autoclave; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalystTemperatureTime; Overall yield = 31 percent;

215

Takeda, Yasuyuki; Tamura, Masazumi; Nakagawa, Yoshinao; Okumura, Kazu; Tomishige, Keiichi

Catalysis Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 6, # 14 p. 5668 - 5683 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 44253544 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

With hydrogen in 1,4-dioxane

T=139.84°C; P=60006 Torr; 4 h; Autoclave; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Overall yield = 10 percent;

Takeda, Yasuyuki; Tamura, Masazumi; Nakagawa, Yoshinao; Okumura, Kazu; Tomishige, Keiichi

Catalysis Science and Technology, 2016 , vol. 6, # 14 p. 5668 - 5683 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

216

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 1638078 Find similar reactions

63%

With Ca(OCl)2 in acetic acid; acetonitrile

T=20°C; 22 h;

Von Seebach, Malte; Kozhushkov, Sergei I.; Schill, Heiko; Frank, Daniel; Boese, Roland; Benet-Buchholz, Jordi; Yufit, Dmitry S.; De Meijere, Armin

Chemistry - A European Journal, 2007 , vol. 13, # 1 p. 167 - 177 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With lt;RuVL(O)gt;2+-complex lt;HL = lt;2-hydroxy-2-(2-pyridyl)ethylgt;bislt;2-(2-pyridyl)ethylgt;aminegt; in perchloric acid

T=24.9°C; MechanismRate constant;

Che, Chi-Ming; Ho, Clare; Lau, Tai-Chu

Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions: Inorganic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1991 , # 5 p. 1259 - 1263 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With trans-lt;RuL1O2gt;2+ (L1 = 6,7,14,15,16,17,18,19-octahydro-14,18-dimethyl-13H-dibenzolt;e,ngt;lt;1,4,8,12gt;dioxadiazacyclopentadecine; water in trifluoroacetic acid

T=24.9°C; Rate constant;

Che, Chi-Ming; Tang, Wai-Tong; Wong, Kwok-Yin; Li, Chi-Keung

Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions: Inorganic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1991 , # 12 p. 3277 - 3280 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

217

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 11091215 Find similar reactions

100%

With deuterium; Ru4H4(CO)8(PBu3)4 in tetrahydrofuran

T=180°C; 48 h;

Frediani, Piero; Rosi, Luca; Frediani, Marco; Bartolucci, Gianluca; Bambagiotti-Alberti, Massimo

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007 , vol. 55, # 10 p. 3877 - 3883 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

218

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 29242567 Find similar reactions

A: 40% B: 45%

With (NH4)2S2O8; silver nitrate; trifluoroacetic acid in water

T=70°C; 6 h;

Burgin, Ryan N.; Jones, Simon; Tarbit

Tetrahedron Letters, 2009 , vol. 50, # 49 p. 6772 - 6774 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

219

Rx-ID: 5929376 Find similar reactions

With sodium chloride

T=290°C; 3 h; Yield given. Further byproducts given. Yields of byproduct given;

Richards, Geoffrey N.; Shafizadeh, Fred; Stevenson, Thomas T.

Carbohydrate Research, 1983 , vol. 117, p. 322 - 327 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

220

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 5252425 Find similar reactions

With dihydrogen peroxide

T=22.85°C; Decomposition; P=750.06 Torr; Photolysis; Kinetics;

Bierbach; Barnes; Becker; Wiesen

Environmental Science and Technology, 1994 , vol. 28, # 4 p. 715 - 729 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

221

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 42428962 Find similar reactions

A: > 95 %Chromat. B: > 95 %Chromat.

With Ca–Al mixed metal oxide supported copper catalyst T=210°C; P=760.051 Torr; Inert atmosphereGas phase; Reagent/catalyst;

Hu, Qi; Fan, Guoli; Yang, Lan; Cao, Xinzhong; Zhang, Peng; Wang, Baoyi; Li, Feng

Green Chemistry, 2016 , vol. 18, # 8 p. 2317 - 2322 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

222

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 28331333 Find similar reactions

Budroni, Gerolamo; Corma, Avelino

Journal of Catalysis, 2008 , vol. 257, # 2 p. 403 - 408 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With Au-TiO2 nanoparticles; ammonia; hydrogen in 1,4-dioxane; water

T=250°C; P=90009 Torr; 10 h;

Synthesize Find similar

223

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1456499

Synthesize Find similar

Find similar reactions

With (bis(1,2-diphenylphosphino)ethane)(2,5-norbornadiene)rhodium(I) tetrafluoroborate; oxygen

T=25°C; P=2585.7 - 25857.4 Torr; 192 h; other temp.; aerobic oxidation of other ethers;

Fazlur-Rahman, A. K.; Tsai, Jing-Cherng; Nicholas, Kenneth M.

Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1992 , # 18 p. 1334 - 1335 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

224

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1456988 Find similar reactions

With FeCl2*THF; oxygen

P=772.6 Torr; 0.5 h; Ambient temperatureother methal complexes catalysts, other reagent (O2 + CO2) , also styrene; Product distribution;

Aresta, Michele; Fragale, Carlo; Quaranta, Eugenio; Tommasi, Immacolata

Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1992 , # 4 p. 315 - 317 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

225

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 4065365 Find similar reactions

A: 0.1 % Chromat. B: 82.7 % Chromat. C: 6.1 % Chromat. D: 0.5 % Chromat. E: 1.0 % Chromat.

With hydrogen; copper; magnesium; zinc

T=244.9°C; other catalyst; also succinic anhydride, dimethyl maleate and dimethyl succinate; var. temp.; MechanismProduct distribution;

226

Messori, Massimo; Vaccari, Angelo

Journal of Catalysis, 1994 , vol. 150, # 1 p. 177 - 185 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 22842222 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

With hydrogen

T=255°C; P=3750.38 Torr; Hide Experimental Procedure

BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

Patent: WO2003/104176 A1, 2003 ; Location in patent: Page 24, 25 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

1.c:1 c) Hydrierapparatur

Die zur Hydrierung verwendete Druckapparatur besteht aus einem Verdampfer, einem Reaktor, einem Kuehler mit Quenchzulauf, einer Wasserstoffzufuhr, einer Abgasleitung und einem Kreisgasgeblaese. Der Druck in der Apparatur wird konstant gehalten. Das aufgeschmolzene MSA wird von oben auf den vorgeheizten [(245°C)] Verdampfer gepumpt und verdampft. Auf den Verdampfer gelangt ebenfalls von oben eine Mischung aus frischem Wasserstoff und Kreisgas. Wasserstoff und MSA gelangen so von unten in den temperierten Reaktor. Der Reaktorinhalt besteht aus einem Gemisch aus Glasringen und Katalysator. Nach der Hydrierung verlaesst das entstandene GBL zusammen mit Wasser, anderen Reaktionsprodukten und Wasserstoff den Reaktor und wird im Kuehler durch Quenchen niedergeschlagen. Ein Teil des Kreisgases wird ausgeschleust, bevor der Rest, mit Frischwasserstoff vermischt, wieder in den Verdampfer eintritt. Der kondensierte fluessige Reaktionsaustrag, das Abgas und das Kreisgas werden gaschromatographisch quantitativ analysiert. Bei einer Reaktortemperatur von 255 °C, einem Druck von 5 bar und Katalysatorbelastung von 0.27 [KG/LKATH] bei einem Wasserstoff : MSA-Molverhaeltnis von 85 : 1 einen Reaktionsaustrag der Zusammensetzung : 91 percent GBL, 5 percent THF, 1 percent BDO, 1 percent BSA

With hydrogen

T=255°C; P=3750.38 Torr; Hide Experimental Procedure

BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

Patent: WO2003/104214 A2, 2003 ; Location in patent: Page 25 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

1.c:1 c) Hydrierapparatur

With hydrogen

T=255°C; P=3750.38 Torr; Hide Experimental Procedure

BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

Patent: WO2003/104175 A1, 2003 ; Location in patent: Page 27 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

1.c:1 c) Hydrierapparatur

Die zur Hydrierung verwendete Druckapparatur besteht aus einem Verdampfer, einem Reaktor, einem Kuehler mit Quenchzulauf, einer Wasserstoffzufuhr, einer Abgasleitung und einem Kreisgasgeblaese. Der Druck in der Apparatur wird konstant gehalten. Das aufgeschmolzene MSA wird von oben auf den vorgeheizten [(245°C)] Verdampfer gepumpt und verdampft. Auf den Verdampfer gelangt ebenfalls von oben eine Mischung aus frischem Wasserstoff und Kreisgas. Wasserstoff und MSA gelangen so von unten in den temperierten Reaktor. Der Reaktorinhalt besteht aus einem Gemisch aus Glasringen und Katalysator. Nach der Hydrierung verlaesst das entstandene GBL zusammen mit Wasser, anderen Reaktionsprodukten und Wasserstoff den Reaktor und wird im Kuehler durch Quenchen niedergeschlagen. Ein Teil des Kreisgases wird ausgeschleust, bevor der Rest, mit Frischwasserstoff vermischt, wieder in den Verdampfer eintritt. Der kondensierte fluessige Reaktionsaustrag, das Abgas und das Kreisgas werden gaschromatographisch quantitativ analysiert. Bei einer Reaktortemperatur von [255 °C,] einem Druck von 5 bar und Katalysatorbelastung von 0.27 [KG/LKATH] bei einem Wasserstoff : MSA-Molverhaeltnis von 85 : 1 einen Reaktionsaustrag der Zusammensetzung : 91 percent GBL, 5 percent THF, [1] percent BDO, [1] percent BSA A

Synthesize Find similar

227

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 23487653 Find similar reactions

A: 15.1 82.4 %Chromat. B: 12.5 82.1 %Chromat. C: 0.1 0.8 %Chromat. D: 0.6 3.5 %Chromat.

With hydrogen

T=249 - 254°C; P=3750.38 - 18751.9 Torr; Gas phase; Product distribution / selectivity;

A: 54.7 %Chromat. B: 40.4 %Chromat. C: 0.2 %Chromat. D: 2.6 %Chromat.

With hydrogen

T=247°C; P=6750.68 Torr; 3081 - 3972 h; Gas phase; Product distribution / selectivity;

BASF Aktiengesellschaft

Patent: WO2005/58853 A2, 2005 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 18-19 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

BASF Aktiengesellschaft

Patent: WO2005/58853 A2, 2005 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 19-20 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

228

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 23572173 Find similar reactions

With hydrogen

T=250.8 - 255.2°C; P=760.051 - 1520.1 Torr; 24 - 1460 h; Conversion of starting material; Hide Experimental Procedure

Lee, Jung-Ho; Kim, Hyung-Rok; Han, Yo-Han; Jeong, Suk-Jong; Choi, Nak-Mo; Woo, Hang-Soo; Kim, In-Ki

Patent: US2005/240033 A1, 2005 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 5 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

1:Vapor Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride

The vapor phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, using the catalyst obtained in Comparative Preparation Example 1, and the results are exhibited in Table 2. From Table 1 and Table 2 above, it can be seen that in catalyst CuO(76.5)SiO2(23.5) according to the prior arts, it took a long time for its catalytic activity to be stabilized, the change in conversion and selectivity according to the change of the reaction conditions was severe, and its selectivity was reduced under the operation conditions of high conversion rate above 99percent, as compared with the hydrogenation catalyst of the invention, CuO(a)ZnO(b)MnO2(c)SiO2(d).

With hydrogen

T=251.1 - 255.2°C; P=760.051 - 2280.15 Torr; 24 - 432 h; Conversion of starting material; Hide Experimental Procedure

Lee, Jung-Ho; Kim, Hyung-Rok; Han, Yo-Han; Jeong, Suk-Jong; Choi, Nak-Mo; Woo, Hang-Soo; Kim, In-Ki

Patent: US2005/240033 A1, 2005 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 4 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Example 1; Vapor Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride (MAn); After 144 ml of Catalyst 1 of Preparation Example 1 was charged into the lower portion of a stainless reactor having an inside diameter of 1 inch and a length of 1.2 m and 36 ml of Catalyst 2 was charged into the upper portion of the reactor, they were slowly heated by flowing a 5percent H2/N2 mixed gas so that hot spots above 10° C. than reactor temperature did not occur, and then reduced at 300° C. for 12 hours. Thereafter, the temperature of the reactor was lowered, and 60 wt. percent of maleic anhydride containing gamma-butyrolactone solution was introduced as a mixed gas, which was prepared by spray-evaporating the maleic anhydride solution with hydrogen gas in an evaporator, while the mixed gas was supplied from the upper portion of the reactor. The performance results of the catalyst according to the change in reaction conditions are shown in Table 1. The abbreviations used in the above Table are as follows: WHSV: weight hourly space velocity; SAn: succinic anhydride; PrAL: propionaldehyde; PrOH: propanol; BuAL: butylaldehyde; THF: tetrahydrofuran; BuOH: butanol; PrA: propionic acid; BuA: Butanoic acid; GBL: gamma-butyrolactone. The conversion rate is represented on the basis of the amount of succinic anhydride (SAn), which is the first hydrogenation product, in order to indicate the degree of hydrogenation in a consecutive reaction, and the conversion rate of maleic anhydride itself showed to be almost 100percent. A

229

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 23572174 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

B: 79.87%

With hydrogen

T=180°C; P=7500.75 Torr; 2 h; PressureTemperature;

Guo, Shaofei; Tian, Weiping; Shi, Li

Transition Metal Chemistry, 2012 , vol. 37, # 8 p. 757 - 763 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

B: 78.36%

With hydrogen

T=150°C; P=7500.75 Torr;

Tian, Weiping; Guo, Shaofei; Shi, Li

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 2012 , vol. 33, # 5 p. 1643 - 1646 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With hydrogen

T=250°C; Conversion of starting material; Hide Experimental Procedure

Lee, Jung-Ho; Kim, Hyung-Rok; Han, Yo-Han; Jeong, Suk-Jong; Choi, Nak-Mo; Woo, Hang-Soo; Kim, In-Ki

Patent: US2005/240033 A1, 2005 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 5 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

2:Vapor Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride

The vapor phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, using the catalyst obtained in Comparative Preparation Example 2. As a result of the reaction that was conducted in a reactor having an inside diameter of 1/2" at a space velocity WHSV of 0.08 hr-1, an H2/MAn molar ratio of 30, and a reaction temperature of 250° C., the selectivity of succinic anhydride was 36.5percent and the selectivity of gamma-butyrolactone was 58.4percent at a 100percent conversion rate of maleic anhydride. Hide Details

With Cu-CeO2-Al2O3; hydrogen

T=220°C; P=760.051 Torr; 2 h;

Yu, Yang; Guo, Yanglong; Zhan, Wangcheng; Guo, Yun; Wang, Yanqin; Wang, Yunsong; Zhang, Zhigang; Lu, Guanzhong

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2011 , vol. 337, # 1-2 p. 77 - 81 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With hydrogen

T=130°C; P=15001.5 Torr; 8 h; Autoclave;

Feng, Yonghai; Yin, Hengbo; Wang, Aili; Xie, Tao; Jiang, Tingshun

Applied Catalysis A: General, 2012 , vol. 425-426, p. 205 - 212 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With hydrogen

T=190°C; P=7500.75 Torr; 7 h; Reagent/catalystTemperatureTimePressure;

Guo, Shaofei; Shi, Li

Catalysis Today, 2013 , vol. 212, p. 137 - 141 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With 5 Pd/C; hydrogen in tetrahydrofuran

T=150°C; P=15001.5 Torr; 0.5 h; Inert atmosphereAutoclave; Catalytic behavior; PressureTemperature; Hide Experimental Procedure

Huang, Yangqiang; Ma, Yao; Cheng, Youwei; Wang, Lijun; Li, Xi

Applied Catalysis A: General, 2015 , vol. 495, p. 124 - 130 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

1:2.4. Catalytic activity measurement

General procedure: All experiments were performed in a 100 mL stainless steel (SS-316) reactor. In each test, the reactor was charged with 10 mmol ofmaleic anhydride, 5 mL of tetrahydrofuran, and 50 mg of catalyst.The reactor was pressurized with nitrogen to remove air and heatedup to the desired temperature. Then, the autoclave was pressur-ized with H2to the designed pressure. Analysis of liquid reactantswas performed by gas chromatograph (Kexiao, GC-1690 with flameionization detector). The gas chromatograph was equipped with anOV-1 column and the acetic anhydride was chosen as the internalstandard substance. The conversion rate was defined as the ratioof consumed maleic anhydride to supplied maleic anhydride. Theselectivity was calculated by dividing moles of a product by totalmoles of maleic anhydride consumed. To ensure reproducibility ofthe results, repeated experiments were carried out under identi-cal conditions and data were found to be reproducible within ±2percentvariation. A

230

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 30472622 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

With Cu-Al2O3; hydrogen

T=220°C; P=760.051 Torr; 1 h;

Yu, Yang; Guo, Yanglong; Zhan, Wangcheng; Guo, Yun; Wang, Yanqin; Wang, Yunsong; Zhang, Zhigang; Lu, Guanzhong

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2011 , vol. 337, # 1-2 p. 77 - 81 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

231

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1496870 Find similar reactions

A: 51% B: 6%

With Celite; pyridinium chlorochromate in dichloromethane

5 h; Heating;

Baskaran, Sundarababu; Islam, Imadul; Chandrasekaran, Srinivasan

Journal of Chemical Research, Miniprint, 1992 , p. 2213 - 2246 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

A: 10% B: 10%

With pyridinium chlorochromate in dichloromethane

T=28°C; 5 h;

Baskaran, S.; Chandrasekaran, S.

Tetrahedron Letters, 1990 , vol. 31, # 19 p. 2775 - 2778 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

A: 10% B: 10%

With Celite; pyridinium chlorochromate in dichloromethane

5 h; Ambient temperature;

Baskaran, Sundarababu; Islam, Imadul; Chandrasekaran, Srinivasan

Journal of Chemical Research, Miniprint, 1992 , p. 2213 - 2246 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

232

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1626413 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

A: 84 % Chromat. B: 2 % Chromat. C: 8 % Chromat. D: 5 % Chromat.

With hydrogen; rhenium

T=199.9°C; P=172514 Torr; 15 h; further catalyst: Tc "black"; Further byproducts given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

Bayerl, Bernd; Wahren, Manfred

Zeitschrift fuer Chemie (Stuttgart, Germany), 1981 , vol. 21, # 4 p. 149 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

A: 62 % Chromat. B: 8 % Chromat. C: 22 % Chromat. D: 6 % Chromat.

With hydrogen; Tc "black"

T=199.9°C; P=172514 Torr; 20 h; further catalyst: Re "black"; Further byproducts given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

Bayerl, Bernd; Wahren, Manfred

Zeitschrift fuer Chemie (Stuttgart, Germany), 1981 , vol. 21, # 4 p. 149 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

A: 62 % Chromat. B: 8 % Chromat. C: 22 % Chromat. D: 6 % Chromat.

With hydrogen; Tc "black"

T=199.9°C; P=172514 Torr; 20 h; further catalyst: Re "black"; Further byproducts given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

Bayerl, Bernd; Wahren, Manfred

Zeitschrift fuer Chemie (Stuttgart, Germany), 1981 , vol. 21, # 4 p. 149 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

233

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1813100 Find similar reactions

B: 41 % Chromat.

With copper(II) oxide

T=230°C; 10 h; Further byproducts given;

Berthon, Bruno; Forestiere, Alain; Leleu, Gerard; Sillion, Bernard

Tetrahedron Letters, 1981 , vol. 22, # 41 p. 4073 - 4076 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize

234

Synthesize

Find similar

Rx-ID: 1940119 Find similar reactions

Find similar

Chuchani, Gabriel; Dominguez, Rosa M.

Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1987 , vol. 91, # 7 p. 1883 - 1887 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

T=395.1 - 410.9°C; pyrolysis; Ea; Product distributionKineticsThermodynamic data;

Synthesize Find similar

235

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 2113838 Find similar reactions

With aluminium(III) iodide; acetic acid; Ru(acac)3

T=200°C; P=112509 Torr; 24 h; Product distribution;

Braca, G.; Sbrana, G.; Galletti, A. M. Raspolli; Berti, S.

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1988 , vol. 342, p. 245 - 258 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

236

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 2113839 Find similar reactions

With aluminium(III) iodide; acetic acid; Ru(acac)3

T=200°C; P=112509 Torr; 24 h; Further byproducts given;

Braca, G.; Sbrana, G.; Galletti, A. M. Raspolli; Berti, S.

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1988 , vol. 342, p. 245 - 258 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

237

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 2113840 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

With aluminium(III) iodide; acetic acid; Ru(acac)3

T=200°C; P=112509 Torr; 24 h; Further byproducts given;

Synthesize Find similar

Braca, G.; Sbrana, G.; Galletti, A. M. Raspolli; Berti, S.

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1988 , vol. 342, p. 245 - 258 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

238

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 22879597 Find similar reactions

B: 38%

E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company

Patent: US6362346 B1, 2002 ; Location in patent: Example 13 ;

With Ba(OH)2/SiO2

T=340°C;

Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

239

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 40088515 Find similar reactions

A: 75% B: 20%

240

Kato, Nobuki; Hamaguchi, Yu; Umezawa, Naoki; Higuchi, Tsunehiko

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 2015 , vol. 19, # 1-3 p. 411 - 416 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With 2,6-dichloropyridine-N-oxide; RuIV(TMP)Cl2 in 1,2-dichloro-ethane

T=40°C; 20 h; Inert atmosphere;

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 40088516 Find similar reactions

A: 69% B: 22% C: 5%

Synthesize Find similar

With 2,6-dichloropyridine-N-oxide; [Ru(F20-TPP)Cl2] in 1,2-dichloro-ethane

T=40°C; 20 h; Inert atmosphere;

Kato, Nobuki; Hamaguchi, Yu; Umezawa, Naoki; Higuchi, Tsunehiko

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 2015 , vol. 19, # 1-3 p. 411 - 416 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

241

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 44196198 Find similar reactions

With palladium on activated carbon in dimethyl sulfoxide

T=140°C; P=760.051 Torr; 4 h; Hide Experimental Procedure

CJ CHEILJEDANG CORPORATION; KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY; YANG, YOUNG RYEOL; KIM, BYUNG SIK; KIM, JEONG HYUN; LEE, JUNG HO; SHIN, HYUN KWAN; KIM, JU NAM; CHO, KYUNG HO

Patent: KR2015/118287 A, 2015 ; Location in patent: Paragraph 0154-0158 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

6-1:Dechlorination of chloro-gamma butyrolactone

3 g of Cl-GBL and the solvent of Table 11 (30 g) and the catalyst were charged into the reactor, respectively, and the reaction was allowed to proceed to evaluate the degree of dechlorination of Cl-GBL. The reaction was allowed to proceed at atmospheric pressure (1 atm), and the product was partially recovered to analyze the components. The results are shown in Table 11 below. A

Synthesize Find similar

242

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 2527683 Find similar reactions

A: 13 % Chromat. B: 85 % Chromat.

With sodium peroxodisulphate in water

T=85 - 90°C; 2 h; other reaction time; Product distribution;

Troyanskii, E. I.; Svitan'ko, I. V.; Nikishin, G. I.

Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Division of Chemical Science (English Translation), 1984 , vol. 33, p. 1887 - 1891 Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, 1984 , # 9 p. 2068 - 2073 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

243

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1929552 Find similar reactions

A: 56 % Turnov. B: 12 % Turnov.

With manganese(IV) oxide; silica gel in hexane

192 h; Ambient temperature;

Breuilles; Leclerc; Uguen

Tetrahedron Letters, 1994 , vol. 35, # 9 p. 1401 - 1404 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

A: 54 % Turnov. B: 12 % Turnov.

With manganese(IV) oxide; silica gel in hexane

192 h; Ambient temperature;

Breuilles; Leclerc; Uguen

Tetrahedron Letters, 1994 , vol. 35, # 9 p. 1401 - 1404 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

244

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 3860037 Find similar reactions

245

Kao, Lien-Chung; Sen, Ayusman

Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1991 , # 18 p. 1242 - 1243 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With K2[PtCl6]; dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate; oxygen in water-d2

T=80 - 90°C; 144 h; other aliphatic carboxylic acids; also without Pt(IV)-catalyst; Mechanism;

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 3861427 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

A: 70 % Spectr. B: 30 % Spectr.

With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite in water

24 h; Ambient temperature;

Gouesnard, Jean-Paul

Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1989 , # 1 p. 88 - 94 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

A: 70 % Spectr. B: 30 % Spectr.

With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite in water

24 h; Ambient temperature;

Gouesnard, Jean-Paul

Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1989 , # 1 p. 88 - 94 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

246

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 4563011 Find similar reactions

With oxygen

T=206.9°C; Product distributionMechanism;

Jorand, Francois; Heiss, Adolphe; Sahetchian, Krikor; Kerhoas, Lucien; Einhorn, Jacques

Journal of the Chemical Society - Faraday Transactions, 1996 , vol. 92, # 21 p. 4167 - 4171 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

247

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 8608031

Find similar reactions

With Fe2(HPTP)Cl4ClO4; dihydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile

Oxidation;

Nishino, Satoshi; Kunita, Mami; Kobayashi, Teruyuki; Matsushima, Hideaki; Tokii, Tadashi; Nishida, Yuzo

Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section B Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1999 , vol. 54, # 10 p. 1272 - 1276 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

248

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 38845936 Find similar reactions

With 1 Pd/Sibunit; oxygen in water

T=100°C; P=2250.23 Torr; 24 h; Hide Experimental Procedure

Ryabenkova, Yulia; Miedziak, Peter J.; Knight, David W.; Taylor, Stuart H.; Hutchings, Graham J.

Tetrahedron, 2014 , # 36 p. 6055 - 6058 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Butanediol oxidation

General procedure: Reactions were carried out using a Radley’s low pressure glass reactor (50 ml). A butanediol in water (20 ml, 0.6 M) and the catalyst(butanediol/metal ratio2000) were added into the reactor,which was then pressurized with oxygen (3 bar). The reaction mixture was heated to 100 C for 24 h under constant stirring(1000 rpm), then cooled to room temperature and analyzed. 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used for product identification; spectrawere acquired over a 16 scan period using a Bruker 400 MHz DPXsystem with a 5 mm auto tune broadband probe. All samples were prepared as dilute solutions in D2O. Carbon mass balances were calculated and were between 96 and 104percent. Blank reactions have also been carried out with no oxidation activity detected in the absence of catalyst or with the KB-B carbon support.

A: 71 %Spectr. B: 29 %Spectr.

With oxygen in water

T=100°C; P=2250.23 Torr; 24 h; Hide Experimental Procedure

Ryabenkova, Yulia; Miedziak, Peter J.; Knight, David W.; Taylor, Stuart H.; Hutchings, Graham J.

Tetrahedron, 2014 , vol. 70, # 36 p. 6055 - 6058 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

4.2 Butanediol oxidation

General procedure: (0017) Reactions were carried out using a Radley's low pressure glass reactor (50ml). A butanediol in water (20ml, 0.6M) and the catalyst (butanediol/metal ratio=2000) were added into the reactor, which was then pressurized with oxygen (3bar). The reaction mixture was heated to 100°C for 24h under constant stirring (1000rpm), then cooled to room temperature and analyzed. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used for product identification; spectra were acquired over a 16 scan period using a Bruker 400MHz DPX system with a 5mm auto tune broadband probe. All samples were prepared as dilute solutions in D2O. Carbon mass balances were calculated and were between 96 and 104percent. Blank reactions have also been carried out with no oxidation activity detected in the absence of catalyst or with the KB-B carbon support. A

Synthesize Find similar

249

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 40192894 Find similar reactions

in water

T=250°C; P=4500.45 Torr; pH=1.8; 6 h; Inert atmosphere; Reagent/catalystTemperaturepH-value; Overall yield = 99 percent;

De Schouwer, Free; Claes, Laurens; Claes, Nathalie; Bals, Sara; Degrve, Jan; De Vos, Dirk E.

Green Chemistry, 2015 , vol. 17, # 4 p. 2263 - 2270 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

250

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 40928311 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

With hydrogen in 1,4-dioxane

T=240°C; P=22502.3 - 45004.5 Torr; 2 h; Autoclave;

You, Chenjia; Zhang, Chi; Chen, Lifang; Qi, Zhiwen

Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2015 , vol. 29, # 10 p. 653 - 660 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

251

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1626411 Find similar reactions

A: 62 % Chromat. B: 8 % Chromat. C: 22 % Chromat. D: 2 % Chromat.

With hydrogen; Tc "black"

T=199.9°C; P=172514 Torr; 20 h; Further byproducts given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

Bayerl, Bernd; Wahren, Manfred

Zeitschrift fuer Chemie (Stuttgart, Germany), 1981 , vol. 21, # 4 p. 149 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

252

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1626412 Find similar reactions

A: 62 % Chromat. B: 8 % Chromat. C: 22 % Chromat. D: 2 % Chromat. E: 6 % Chromat.

With hydrogen; Tc "black"

T=199.9°C; P=172514 Torr; 20 h; Product distribution;

Bayerl, Bernd; Wahren, Manfred

Zeitschrift fuer Chemie (Stuttgart, Germany), 1981 , vol. 21, # 4 p. 149 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

A: 84 % Chromat. B: 2 % Chromat. C: 8 % Chromat. D: 1 % Chromat. E: 5 % Chromat.

With hydrogen; rhenium

T=199.9°C; P=172514 Torr; 15 h; Product distribution;

Bayerl, Bernd; Wahren, Manfred

Zeitschrift fuer Chemie (Stuttgart, Germany), 1981 , vol. 21, # 4 p. 149 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

253

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 2092389 Find similar reactions

A: 28%

Hoye, Thomas R.; Kurth, Mark J.; Lo, Vincent

Tetrahedron Letters, 1981 , vol. 22, p. 815 - 818 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With triphenylmethane tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile

Ambient temperatureD2O; Product distributionMechanism;

Synthesize Find similar

254

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 9304835 Find similar reactions

A: 82% B: 10%

With tetrachloromethane; bis(acetylacetonate)oxovanadium

T=100°C; 1 h;

Khusnutdinov; Shchadneva; Baiguzina; Lavrentieva; Dzhemilev

Russian Chemical Bulletin, 2002 , vol. 51, # 11 p. 2074 - 2079 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

255

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 2325847 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

Ohya, Kazumi; Kitaoka, Hiroaki; Yotsui, Yasuhiko; Sano, Mitsuji

Organic Mass Spectrometry, 1983 , vol. 18, # 4 p. 139 - 146 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

T=0 - 250°C; Heatingpyrolysis of various carpronium chloride derivatives, labelled derivatives; Mechanism;

Synthesize Find similar

256

Rx-ID: 5678414 Find similar reactions

With sodium chloride

T=290°C; 3 h; Yield given. Further byproducts given. Yields of byproduct given;

Richards, Geoffrey N.; Shafizadeh, Fred; Stevenson, Thomas T.

Carbohydrate Research, 1983 , vol. 117, p. 322 - 327 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

257

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 3504366 Find similar reactions

T=303.7°C; P=43 Torr; mechanism; energy data: E(a); var. temperatures; var. pressure; also in the presence of toluene; Product distributionRate constantKinetics;

Chuchani, Gabriel; Dominguez, Rosa M.

Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2: Physical Organic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1993 , # 7 p. 1295 - 1298 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

258

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 29593133 Find similar reactions

A: 13 %Chromat. B: 6 %Chromat. C: 11 %Chromat. D: 58 %Chromat.

With [rhodium(I)(carbonyl)2(acetylacetonate)]; C38H46P2; hydrogen; diethylphosphinoethane

T=120°C; P=30003 Torr; Autoclave;

Boogaerts, Ine T.I. F.; White, Daniel F. S.; Cole-Hamilton, David J.

Chemical Communications, 2010 , vol. 46, # 13 p. 2194 - 2196 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

259

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 29593134 Find similar reactions

A: 7 %Chromat. B: 7 %Chromat. C: 11 %Chromat. D: 61 %Chromat. E: 9 %Chromat.

Synthesize Find similar

With [rhodium(I)(carbonyl)2(acetylacetonate)]; DIOP; hydrogen; diethylphosphinoethane

T=120°C; P=30003 Torr; Autoclave;

Boogaerts, Ine T.I. F.; White, Daniel F. S.; Cole-Hamilton, David J.

Chemical Communications, 2010 , vol. 46, # 13 p. 2194 - 2196 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

260

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 29593142 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

A: 6 %Chromat. B: 6 %Chromat. C: 59 %Chromat. D: 11 %Chromat.

With [rhodium(I)(carbonyl)2(acetylacetonate)]; hydrogen; 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenyl-phosphino)xanthene; diethylphosphinoethane

T=120°C; P=30003 Torr; Autoclave;

Boogaerts, Ine T.I. F.; White, Daniel F. S.; Cole-Hamilton, David J.

Chemical Communications, 2010 , vol. 46, # 13 p. 2194 - 2196 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

A: 6 %Chromat. B: 17 %Chromat. C: 56 %Chromat. D: 7 %Chromat.

With [rhodium(I)(carbonyl)2(acetylacetonate)]; C38H46P2; hydrogen; diethylphosphinoethane

T=120°C; P=30003 Torr; Autoclave;

Boogaerts, Ine T.I. F.; White, Daniel F. S.; Cole-Hamilton, David J.

Chemical Communications, 2010 , vol. 46, # 13 p. 2194 - 2196 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

261

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 42425230 Find similar reactions

With 1-(n-butyl)-3-methylimidazolium triflate

T=180°C; 2 h; Inert atmospherePyrolysis; Temperature; Hide Experimental Procedure

Qu, Guangfei; He, Weiwei; Cai, Yingying; Huang, Xi; Ning, Ping

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2016 , vol. 148, p. 390 - 396 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

2.3. The pyrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose in [bmim]OTf

General procedure: Flow chart of the experiment is shown in Fig. 1. Nitrogen was used as carrier gas. Gas produced from the reactor was purged with nitrogen into aluminum foil bag. Nitrogen flow was controlled at 5 ml/min by mass flow controller. Used a glass sand at the bottom of the reactor to ensure nitrogen take away gas phase products. 1.000 g microcrystalline cellulose and 10,000 g [bmim]OTf were added into reactor. Nitrogen was kept aerating until the reactor contained no more air but only nitrogen. The reactor is connected to the aluminum foil bags, and then using magnetic stirring for 2 h under the condition of 180°C, 240°C and 340°C, respectively. When pyrolysis reaction finished, close the heating device and aerate moderate amount of nitrogen. The gas phase products are collected under the nitrogen purging aluminum foil sample bag while volatile liquid products are collected in a liquid bottle after the condensation. Deionized water and dichloromethane were added while the reactor was cooled to room temperature, and then the cracking solid products were collected and dried by suction filtration. Liquid products was added into the separatory funnel, after stratification, the lower liquid was evaporated to remove the methylene chloride in order to obtain difficult volatile liquid products. A

Synthesize Find similar

262

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 9511438 Find similar reactions

A: 0.49 mmol B: 0.27 mmol

With lead(IV) acetate; ammonium chloride

T=20°C; 48 h;

Nikishin, Gennady I.; Sokova, Lyubov L.; Makhaev, Viktor D.; Kapustina, Nadezhda I.

Mendeleev Communications, 2003 , vol. 13, # 6 p. 264 - 265 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

A: 0.49 mmol B: 0.27 mmol

With lead(IV) acetate; ammonium chloride

T=20°C; 48 h;

Nikishin; Sokova; Chizhov; Makhaev; Kapustina

Russian Chemical Bulletin, 2004 , vol. 53, # 10 p. 2200 - 2204 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

263

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 6712774 Find similar reactions

Rambaud

Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1938 , vol. <5> 5, p. 1552,1563 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 1949 , vol. 229, p. 299,300 Full Text Show Details

T=180°C;

Synthesize Find similar

264

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 27886160 Find similar reactions

A: 12% B: 3% C: 4% E: 2% J: 12% K: 5%

With hydrogen; ruthenium

T=150 - 300°C; 0 - 4 h; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

Battelle Memorial Institute

Patent: US7425657 B1, 2008 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 8 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Furfural reacted quickly over the temperature range from 150 to 250° C. At 150° C., 74percent of furfural was converted during heat-up to temperature. As shown in FIG. 7, the major product at 150° C. was tetrahydrofuran-methanol (THF-MeOH) at 10percent with a lesser amount of γ-valerolactone (GVL) at 5percent. 1,4-pentanediol (14PDO) was a lesser intermediate that was converted further to 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuranxiii (MTHF) with 2percent remaining. The demethylated versions, γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), were also found, as was 1,2-pentanediol (12PDO). As seen in FIG. 8, there was also a reaction pathway involving cyclopentanone as an early product that was subsequently hydrogenated to cyclopentanol and 1-pentanol. At the higher temperature of 200° C. 67percent of the furfural was converted during the heat-up. As shown in FIG. 9, the THF-MeOH remained the major product (22percent) but the GVL (5percent), 14PDO (10percent) and MTHF (3percent) product slate became more prominent. The 12PDO was slightly more prominent but the GBL and THF were less so. As seen in FIG. 10, the cyclopentanone product was no longer present but cyclopentanol and 1-pentanol remained through the end of the test. At the higher temperature of 250° C. as seen in FIG. 11, 94percent of the furfural was converted during heat-up. As shown in FIG. 11, the MTHF product became dominant (30percent) along with its intermediates, GVL (14percent) and 14PDO. The THF-MeOH product was formed initially (50percent) but reacted further to a low of 4percent (at) 4 h, perhaps to the THF (12percent). GBL, which was present early on, was similarly reacted to THF. The cyclopentanone pathway products represented in FIG. 12 was still evident but all three products were reacted further and no longer present by the end of the test, having probably broken down to methane. At 300° C. no furfural survived the heat-up period. The THF-MeOH product (10percent yield at time 0) was reacted further and disappeared after the first sample. MTHF was the major product (38percent (at) 0.5 h) with THF as the important subsequent product. The reverse equilibrium product slate highlighted by GVL and levulinic acid13 were also significant. The cyclopentanone product was found (12percent) at time 0 but was reduced to trace quantities by 1.5 h. The subsequent alcohol products were not found. xiiiElliott, D. C., Fyre, J. G., Jr. (1999) Hydrogenated 5-Carbon Compound and Method of Making. U.S. Pat. No. 5,883,266.

With hydrogen; palladium

T=200 - 300°C; 4 h; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

Battelle Memorial Institute

Patent: US7425657 B1, 2008 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 9 ;

Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

The furfural conversion chemistry was also much different for the palladium catalyzed case. Furfural reacted quickly at these conditions. It was found only in the initial samples from 150 and 200° C. tests. At 150° C. the main product was cyclopentanone. MTHF was present at slightly higher concentration than THF-MeOH. GVL was a lesser but significant product. As shown in FIG. 19, the MTHF and THF-MeOH were recovered from the 200° C. test at about the same concentration as at 150° C., but GVL was increased to the second most prevalent product. At the higher temperature of 200° C. the cyclopentanone product was noticeably converted to cyclopentanol, as seen in FIG. 20. At 250° C. MTHF was the largest product, as seen in FIG. 21. GVL and THF-MeOH were present in nearly equal amounts. Levulinic acid showed up early but was converted (to GVL) until it was gone by the end of the test. In FIG. 22 the transition was obvious from the early production of cyclopentanone with its subsequent conversion to cyclopentanol and the final product, 1-pentanol. At 300° C. (see FIG. 23) the early production of levulinic acid led quickly to GVL and MTHF formation. Similarly GBL and THF formation were significant throughout, though the GBL was gone by the end of the test. As seen in FIG. 24, 1pentanol was the major product present at the end of the test. A

Synthesize Find similar

265

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 3471927 Find similar reactions

A: 12 % Chromat. B: 3 % Chromat. C: 12 % Chromat. D: 70 % Chromat.

With sodium peroxodisulphate in water

T=85 - 90°C; 8 h; other reaction time; Product distribution;

Troyanskii, E. I.; Svitan'ko, I. V.; Nikishin, G. I.

Synthesize Find similar

266

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1456989 Find similar reactions

With Anodic oxidation in sulfuric acid

T=35°C; The effect of various anode materials (bright Pt, Pb/PbO2, glassy carbon, graphite), current density, concentration of THF (1-6M), temperature (20-35-50 deg C), and pH (0-6).; Product distributionMechanism;

Wermeckes, Bernd; Beck, Fritz; Schulz, Harry

Tetrahedron, 1987 , vol. 43, # 3 p. 577 - 583 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

in sulfuric acid

T=35°C; Anodic oxidation; anode: bright Pt, current density: 400 mA cm-2;

Wermeckes, Bernd; Beck, Fritz; Schulz, Harry

Tetrahedron, 1987 , vol. 43, # 3 p. 577 - 583 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

in sulfuric acid

T=35°C; Anodic oxidation; anode: Pb/PbO2, current density: 10 mA cm-2;

Wermeckes, Bernd; Beck, Fritz; Schulz, Harry

Tetrahedron, 1987 , vol. 43, # 3 p. 577 - 583 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

267

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1456998 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

A: 73% B: 11%

With sodium bromate; potassium hydrogensulfate in water

T=25 - 30°C; Oxidation; 16 h;

Metsger, Leonid; Bittner, Shmuel

Tetrahedron, 2000 , vol. 56, # 13 p. 1905 - 1910 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

With ruthenium(VIII) oxide in tetrachloromethane; water

48 h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;

Smith, Amos B.; Scarborough, Robert M.

Synthetic Communications, 1980 , vol. 10, # 3 p. 205 - 212 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

A: 41 %Spectr. B: 33 %Spectr.

With sodium periodate; C18H25ClIrNO in water-d2

T=23°C; 1 h; Inert atmosphere;

Zhou, Meng; Hintermair, Ulrich; Hashiguchi, Brian G.; Parent, Alexander R.; Hashmi, Sara M.; Elimelech, Menachem; Periana, Roy A.; Brudvig, Gary W.; Crabtree, Robert H.

Organometallics, 2013 , vol. 32, # 4 p. 957 - 965 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Hide Details

With 3-(thiazol-2-yl)-L-alanine; oxygen; nickel dichloride

Reagent/catalyst; Hide Experimental Procedure

Xinjiang University; Wang, Jide; Tao, Ruiping; Huang, Yandeng

Patent: CN102731446 B, 2016 ; Location in patent: Paragraph 0009 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

1:Example 1

Accurately weighed 0.2 mmol of 3- (thiazol-2-yl) -L-alanine with 0.1 mmol of nickel chloride,After mixing, 15 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added and placed in a closed large container filled with pure oxygen. After completion of the reaction,After separation, y-butyrolactone and succinic acid were obtained as a white solid. A

Synthesize Find similar

268

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1496872 Find similar reactions

A: 22% B: 30% C: 10%

oxidation at the Ni-hydroxide electrode;

Schaefer, Hans J.; Schneider, Roy

Tetrahedron, 1991 , vol. 47, # 4-5 p. 715 - 724 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

A: 22% B: 30%

oxidation at the Ni-hydroxide electrode;

Schaefer, Hans J.; Schneider, Roy

Tetrahedron, 1991 , vol. 47, # 4-5 p. 715 - 724

C: 10%

Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

269

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 3951006 Find similar reactions

A: 3 % Chromat. C: 35 % Chromat.

With tetracarbonylbis(μ-chloro)dirhodium(I); hydrogen

T=230°C; P=150012 Torr; 5 h;

Bitsi, Gustave; Kheradmand, Houchang; Jenner, Gerard

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1986 , vol. 310, p. 115 - 120 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

270

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 3951008 Find similar reactions

With tetracarbonylbis(μ-chloro)dirhodium(I); hydrogen

hydrocarbonylation with various catalysts; Product distribution;

Bitsi, Gustave; Kheradmand, Houchang; Jenner, Gerard

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1986 , vol. 310, p. 115 - 120 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

271

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 8991075 Find similar reactions

With carbon dioxide; hydrogen; 1percent Pd/Al2O3

T=200°C; 2 h; Product distribution; Further Variations:PressuresTemperaturestime;

Pillai, Unnikrishnan R.; Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew

Chemical Communications, 2002 , # 5 p. 422 - 423 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

272

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 22960932 Find similar reactions

A: 20.3 %Chromat. B: 46.6 %Chromat. D: 15.3 %Chromat. F: 0.2 %Chromat.

With hydrogen

T=160°C; P=60006 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

Patent: WO2004/43890 A2, 2004 ; Location in patent: Page 9; 10 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

5:Vergleichsbeispiel 5

25 ml des Katalysators V4 wurden in einen kontinuierlichen Rohrreaktor eingebaut. Der Feed bestand aus einer MALEINSaeURELoeSUNG (10 percent Maleinsaeure) und wurde mit 25 g/h dosiert. 50 NI/H Wasserstoff wurden zugegeben. Es wurde bei 160°C und 80 bar hydriert. Der Fluessigaustrag wurde mittels Gaschromatographie analysiert. Die Werte in Tabelle 5 sind jeweils als Ausbeuten in [percent] pro mol Maleinsaeure angegeben. A

Synthesize Find similar

273

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 23051251 Find similar reactions

With hydrogen; 1 Pt,6 Re,0.8 Sn on C in water

T=250°C; P=103432 Torr; 200 h; Conversion of starting material; Hide Experimental Procedure

E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company

Patent: US6670490 B1, 2003 ; Location in patent: Page column 6-7 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

5:Example 5

The catalyst of the example was prepared by impregnating aqueous Re2O5 and SnCl4 on 1percent platinum/carbon precursor obtained from Aldrich (cat. No.20,592-3). Then 6.5 grams on dry basis of a catalyst composition of 1percent platinum, 6percent rhenium, 0.8percent tin was loaded in a continuous bubble column reactor to measure activity and selectivity. The comparative examples were prepared similarly, except for the composition. [00039] The continuous bubble column reactor consisted of a vertical Hastelloy C pipe, 3/4 inch I.D. by 41.5 inches long (2 cm I.D. by 105 cm long) with multiple ports for loading catalyst and reactants and removing products. The reactor was heated continuously and held at 250 degrees C and maintained at a pressure of 2,000 psi (1.38.x.107 Pa) with a constant hydrogen flow. The feed solution was aqueous 30percent maleic acid and was fed at about 22 to 25 cm3/hr. Hydrogen was bubbled through the reactor at 1100 sccm (standard cubic centimeters per minute) to provide the agitation to slurry the catalyst and to sweep THF, by-products and water from the reactor in the vapor phase. [00040] Table 2 shows data on the inventive platinum-rhenium-tin catalyst opposite Comparative Example catalysts run in the reactor under similar conditions. [00041] Peak THF STY and THF STY at 200 hours were measured as grams THF/kg catalyst/hr. Useful Selectivity at 200 hours was measured as the quantity (carbon in THF, GBL, BDO and SAC in product) divided by the quantity (all carbon collected in product). Deactivation Rate was measured over hours 100 to 200 in terms of THF STY/day.[TABLE-US-00002] TABLE 2 Peak Useful Catalyst (percentTHFTHF STY atSelectivityDeactivationExampleon carbon)STY200 hrsat 200 hrsRate 51percent Pt,6percent74060094percent16 Re,0.8percent SnG1percent Ru, 6percent41520089percent24 ReH2percent Ru, 6percent76040091percent31 Re, 0.9percent Sn [00042] The platinum-rhenium-tin catalyst clearly showed a selectivity advantage of several percent over the ruthenium-rhenium and the ruthenium-rhenium-tin catalysts. Also, the platinum-rhenium-tin catalyst had initial activity comparable to the ruthenium-rhenium-tin catalyst, but it retained more of that activity as the run continued as indicated by the lower deactivation rate and the higher THF STY at the 200 hour mark.

With hydrogen; 2 Ru,6 Re,0.9 Sn on C in water

T=250°C; P=103432 Torr; 200 h; Conversion of starting material; Hide Experimental Procedure

E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company

Patent: US6670490 B1, 2003 ; Location in patent: Page column 6-7 ;

Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

H:Example 5

With hydrogen; 1 Ru,6 Re on C in water

T=250°C; P=103432 Torr; 200 h; Conversion of starting material; Hide Experimental Procedure

E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company

Patent: US6670490 B1, 2003 ; Location in patent: Page column 6-7 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

G:Example 5

Synthesize Find similar

274

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 23487630 Find similar reactions

With hydrogen; p-toluenesulfonic acid sodium salt; Ru(acac)3; 1,1,1-tris (diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane in water

T=250°C; P=36201.3 - 51716.2 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

DAVY PROCESS TECHNOLOGY LIMITED

Patent: WO2005/51875 A1, 2005 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 12 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Comparative Example 1 demonstrates that under the preferred reaction conditions the addition of sodium salts of strong acids is detrimental to the reaction reducing both the conversion and the selectivity. Example 1 was repeated except that two molar equivalents of sodium-p-toluene sulphonate were added. At the end of the reaction a white solid (succinic acid, 3. 9g) was recovered and the liquid products (82. 5g) were analysed by gas chromatograph and found to be (wtpercent) water (95.90) propanol (0.10), tetrahydrofuran (0.09), propionic acid (1.478) y-butyrolactone (1.67), butanediol (0. 38) ; giving an overall molar selectivity to tetrahydrofuran of 2.43percent y-butyrolactone of 38. 25percent, and to butanediol of 8. 26percent. Thus conversion had fallen to 33. 49molpercent

A: 0.09 %Chromat. B: 1.67 %Chromat. C: 0.10 %Chromat. D: 0.38 %Chromat. F: 1.478 %Chromat.

With water; hydrogen; p-toluenesulfonic acid sodium salt; Ru(acac)3; 1,1,1-tris (diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane

T=241°C; P=36961.4 - 52476.2 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

DAVY PROCESS TECHNOLOGY LIMITED

Patent: WO2003/93208 A1, 2003 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 15 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

demonstrates that under the preferred reaction conditions the addition of sodium salts of strong acids is detrimental to the reaction reducing both the conversion and the selectivity. Example 1 was repeated except that two molar equivalents of sodium-p-toluene sulphonate were added. At the end of the reaction a white solid (succinic acid, 13.9g) was recovered and the liquid products (82. 5g) were analysed by gas chromatography and found to be (wtpercent) : water (95.90), propanol (0.10), tetrahydrofuran (0.09), propionic acid (1.478) y-butyrolactone (1.67), butanediol (0. 38) ; giving an overall selectivity to tetrahydrofuran of 2. 43percent, to ybutyrolactone of 38.25percent, and to butanediol of 8.26percent. The conversion had fallen to 33.49 molpercent. A

275

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 23659042 Find similar reactions

A: 0.77% B: 0.38% C: 0.24% D: 0.05% E: 98.28% F: 0.02% G: 0.26%

Synthesize Find similar

With hydrogen; 0.5percent Pd on Rutile TiO2

T=110°C; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

Synthesize Find similar

Bhattacharyya, Alakananda; Manila, Maynard D.

Patent: US2006/4212 A1, 2006 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 18-19 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

1st-Stage Material 10 0.5percent Pd on 1/16 Rutile Catalvst Preparation Materials: Rutile TiO2 Support (94percent Rutile, 6percent Anatase 1/16 inch (1.5 mm) diameter) Titanium dioxide containing 96 wt percent of the rutile crystalline phase of titanium dioxide and 6 wt percent of the anatase crystalline phase of titanium dioxide, 49.5 g (dry). Pd Impregnation Solution 1.31 g of Pd (NO3)2 Solution (19.02 wt percent Pd) is mixed with 6.12 g concentrated nitric acid (70percent nitric acid). This solution is used to impregnate the 96percent rutile titanium dioxide support. Preparation Procedure: Step 1 The 96percent rutile titanium dioxide support is gradually impregnated with the Pd impregnation solution, and allowed to stand for 1 hr. The material is then dried in an oven at 130° C. for 3.5 hr. 2nd-Stage Material Carbon Catalyst-Aqueous Two-step Preparation of BDO Catalyst with 1.5 mm Carbon Support This procedure describes an aqueous two-step BDO catalyst preparation using Norit 1.5 mm carbon. Nominal Composition: 0.4percent Fe, 1.9percent Na, 2.66percent Ag, 2.66percent Pd, 1 0.0percent Re on 1.5 mm diameter carbon. Materials: (A) Carbon Support: 58.4 g of Norit 1.5 mm diameter Active Carbon extrudate (referred to herein as Standard C or standard carbon) (acquired from Norit Americas Inc. located in Atlanta, Ga.) (B) Ag/Fe/Na Impregnation Solution: 2.9 g of silver nitrate, 5.1 g of sodium nitrate and 2 g of [Fe(NO3)3.9H2O] are dissolved in 20 g of de-ionized water and then gradually mixed with 68.3 g of concentrated nitric acid (70 wt percent nitric acid). (C) Pd/Re Impregnation Solution 1: 9.1 g of Pd (NO3)2 solution (20.38percent Pd), 12.22 g of HReO4 solution (56.36 wt percent Re), 23.3 g of concentrated nitric acid (70 wt percent nitric acid), and 24 g of de-ionized water are mixed together. Preparation Procedure: Step 1 The carbon support (A) is gradually impregnated with the Ag/Fe/Na impregnation solution (B), and allowed to stand for 1 hr. The material is then dried in an oven at 130° C. for 4.5 hr. Step 2 The carbon support (A) which has been impregnated with Ag/Fe/Na is next gradually impregnated with the Pd/Re solution (C) and the mixture is allowed to stand for 3 hr. The catalyst is then dried for 5 hr at 130° C. The rutile titanium dioxide support is gradually impregnated with the Pd/Re impregnation solution, and allowed to stand for 1 hr. The material is then dried in an oven at 130° C. for 3.5 hr. A

Synthesize Find similar

276

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 23659047 Find similar reactions

A: 0.37% B: 0.28% C: 0.37% D: 98.89% E: 0.08%

With hydrogen; 0.5 percent Pd on Rutile TiO2

T=110°C; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

Bhattacharyya, Alakananda; Manila, Maynard D.

Patent: US2006/4212 A1, 2006 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 11-13 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

The catalyst testing unit is comprised of a two-reactor system connected in series where maleic acid is first converted to succinic acid (SAC) in the first reactor at about 110° C. The effluent from the first stage reactor is delivered to the second stage reactor for the conversion of succinic acid to mainly BDO. Operating pressure is at 2500 to 4000 psi and internal reactor temperature is initially set at 165° C. Thereafter, temperature is adjusted closer to the temperature where a high conversion of SAC (about 99.7percent) is obtained. This temperature generally may vary from about 130° C. to about 175° C. At the lower end of the temperature range BDO selectivity is higher (80percent or higher) whereas THF is favored at higher temperatures (over 5percent). The results of the activity evaluation of a catalysts made according to the procedure of catalyst Example 1(a) is shown in Table 1a. Activity evaluation of a catalyst made according to the procedure of catalyst Example 2 is shown in Table 1(b). Catalyst results of the activity evaluation of a catalysts made according to the procedure of catalyst Example 3 is shown in Table 1(c). Tables 1a, 1b and 1c show that catalysts of Example 1(a), comprising Pd/Re on a rutile titanium dioxide support, and catalysts of Example 2 and Example 3, comprising Pd on a rutile titanium dioxide support, completely convert maleic acid to succinic acid with high selectivity to succinic acid and low amounts of other by-products. The Catalyst Testing Unit (CTU) results for Catalyst Example 1 and Catalyst Example 2 show that (a) Both 1/16 inch and inch Rutile extrudates can be used for hydrogenation. For carbon, inch was found to be less effective. (b) For maleic to succinic hydrogenation there is no need for other co-catalysts such as Ag, Fe, Na, etc., (c) 0.5percent Pd alone on a rutile TiO2 support gives good conversion of maleic acid to succinic acid. A

277

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 23659048 Find similar reactions

A: 4.07% B: 21.55% C: 72.89%

Synthesize Find similar

With hydrogen; 2.0percent Pd/5.0percent Re on Rutile TiO2

T=110°C; 138 h; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

Bhattacharyya, Alakananda; Manila, Maynard D.

Patent: US2006/4212 A1, 2006 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 17-18 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

(A) Rutile TiO2 Support (94percent Rutile, 6percent Anatase, 1/16) rutile titanium dioxide 93.0 g (dry) (B) Pd/HNO3 Impregnation Solution 9.48 g of Pd (NO3)2 Solution (21.1percent Pd) 10.07 g of concentrated nitric acid (70 wt percent) (C) Re/HNO3 Impregnation Solution 9.09 g HReO4 Solution (54.98percent Re) 10.46 g of concentrated nitric acid (70 wt percent) Preparation Procedure: Step 1: The rutile TiO2 support (A) is gradually impregnated with solution (B) and allowed to stand for 1 hour. The material is then dried in an oven at 130° C. for 2 hours. Step 2: The palladium-impregnated TiO2 rutile support (A) from Step 1 is gradually impregnated with solution (C) and allowed to stand for 1 hour. The material is then dried in an oven at 130° C. for 2 hours. The results for the stage 1 reaction converting maleic acid to succinic acid are shown in Table 8(a), in which a sample was taken at 139 hours. The results for the second stage reaction converting succinic acid to BDO, THF, and GBL or mixtures thereof over several hours is shown in Table 8(b). Table 8a shows the results of the first stage hydrogenation of maleic acid to succinic acid (SAC) using a catalyst comprising 2.0percent Pd and 5.0percent Re on a 1/16 rutile titanium dioxide support. Table 8b shows the results of the second stage hydrogenation of succinic acid to 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) using a catalyst comprising 2.0percent Pd and 5.0percent Re on a 1/16 rutile titanium dioxide support. A

Synthesize Find similar

278

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 28331332 Find similar reactions

With Au-TiO2 nanoparticles; hydrogen in 1,4-dioxane

T=250°C; P=45004.5 Torr; Inert atmosphere; Reactivity; Pressure;

Budroni, Gerolamo; Corma, Avelino

Journal of Catalysis, 2008 , vol. 257, # 2 p. 403 - 408 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

279

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 29349151

Find similar reactions

A: 48 %Chromat. B: 52 %Chromat.

With Ru(acac)3; hydrogen; zinc; 1,1,1-tris (diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane in tetrahydrofuran

T=20 - 120°C; P=60006 Torr; Autoclave;

Rosi, Luca; Frediani, Marco; Frediani, Piero

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2010 , vol. 695, # 9 p. 1314 - 1322 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

280

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 32243690 Find similar reactions

A: > 91 %Chromat. B: > 8 %Chromat.

With hydrogen

T=140°C; P=7500.75 Torr; Flow conditions;

Li, Jie; Tian, Wei-Ping; Shi, Li

Catalysis Letters, 2011 , vol. 141, # 4 p. 565 - 571 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

281

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 33564678 Find similar reactions

With hydrogen in 1,4-dioxane

T=265°C; P=18751.9 Torr; Hide Experimental Procedure

Korea Research Institute Of Chemical Technology

Patent: EP2476674 A2, 2012 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 8 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

11:

[Example 11] Production of butyrolactone from the fumaric acid through the hydrogenation reaction [catalyst: CuO(80)SiO2(20)]The catalyst was produced by using the same method as Example 1. The fumaric acid was used instead of the levulinic acid as the reactant, the temperature and the pressure of the reactor were fixed to 265°C and 25 bar, respectively, and the reaction was performed by using the same method as Example 1. The results are described in the following Table 10.As confirmed through Table 10, the conversion of fumaric acid over CuO(80)SiO2(20) was 100percent, and the catalyst exhibited very high selectivity of 65percent to butyrolactone. A

282

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 38845935 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

With oxygen in water

T=100°C; P=2250.23 Torr; 24 h; Reagent/catalyst; Hide Experimental Procedure

Ryabenkova, Yulia; Miedziak, Peter J.; Knight, David W.; Taylor, Stuart H.; Hutchings, Graham J.

Tetrahedron, 2014 , # 36 p. 6055 - 6058 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Butanediol oxidation

A: 76 %Spectr. B: 18 %Spectr. C: 6 %Spectr.

With oxygen in water

T=100°C; P=2250.23 Torr; 24 h; Hide Experimental Procedure

Ryabenkova, Yulia; Miedziak, Peter J.; Knight, David W.; Taylor, Stuart H.; Hutchings, Graham J.

Tetrahedron, 2014 , vol. 70, # 36 p. 6055 - 6058 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

4.2 Butanediol oxidation

A: 63 %Spectr. B: 21 %Spectr. C: 16 %Spectr.

With oxygen in water

T=100°C; P=2250.23 Torr; 24 h; Hide Experimental Procedure

Ryabenkova, Yulia; Miedziak, Peter J.; Knight, David W.; Taylor, Stuart H.; Hutchings, Graham J.

Tetrahedron, 2014 , vol. 70, # 36 p. 6055 - 6058 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

4.2 Butanediol oxidation

A: 66 %Spectr. B: 23 %Spectr. C: 11 %Spectr.

With oxygen in water

T=100°C; P=2250.23 Torr; 24 h;

Ryabenkova, Yulia; Miedziak, Peter J.; Knight, David W.; Taylor, Stuart H.; Hutchings, Graham J.

Tetrahedron, 2014 , vol. 70, # 36 p. 6055 - 6058 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

283

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 38867933 Find similar reactions

B: 80 %Spectr.

Synthesize Find similar

With Oxonereg;; cobalt(II)(tetrafluoroborate)2 hexahydrate in water-d2

T=25°C; 0.666667 h;

Sinha, Shashi Bhushan; Campos, Jess; Brudvig, Gary W.; Crabtree, Robert H.

RSC Advances, 2014 , vol. 4, # 90 p. 49395 - 49399 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

284

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1514442 Find similar reactions

With DCl in acetone

T=25°C; pH=4.7; Product distributionMechanism;

Deslongchamps, Pierre; Lessard, Jean; Nadeau, Yves

Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1985 , vol. 63, p. 2485 - 2492 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

285

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1579094 Find similar reactions

With ozone in dichloromethane

T=-80°C;

Synthesize Find similar

Velzen, J. C. van; Tunen, W. C. J. van; Boer, Th. J. de

Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, 1986 , vol. 105, # 7-8 p. 225 - 228 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

286

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 3541775 Find similar reactions

A: 20 % Spectr. B: 80 % Spectr.

With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite in water

24 h; Ambient temperature;

Gouesnard, Jean-Paul

Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1989 , # 1 p. 88 - 94 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

A: 20 % Spectr. B: 80 % Spectr.

With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite in water

24 h; Ambient temperature;

Gouesnard, Jean-Paul

Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1989 , # 1 p. 88 - 94 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

287

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 36822996 Find similar reactions

With gold supported on titanium dioxide; oxygen; sodium methylate

T=60°C; P=2250.23 Torr; 48 h; TemperatureReagent/catalystTime;

Brett, Gemma L.; Miedziak, Peter J.; He, Qian; Knight, David W.; Edwards, Jennifer K.; Taylor, Stuart H.; Kiely, Christopher J.; Hutchings, Graham J.

ChemSusChem, 2013 , vol. 6, # 10 p. 1952 - 1958 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

288

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 6959844

Synthesize Find similar

Find similar reactions

Schmidt; Schmidt

Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Leipzig), 1955 , vol. <4>2, p. 105,109,117 Full Text Show Details

bei der anodischen Fluorierung;

Synthesize Find similar

289

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 44196186 Find similar reactions

With 5 platinum on carbon; nitrogen(II) oxide

T=100°C; P=11400.8 Torr; 2 h; Inert atmosphere; TemperatureReagent/catalyst; Hide Experimental Procedure

CJ CHEILJEDANG CORPORATION; KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY; YANG, YOUNG RYEOL; KIM, BYUNG SIK; KIM, JEONG HYUN; LEE, JUNG HO; SHIN, HYUN KWAN; KIM, JU NAM; CHO, KYUNG HO

Patent: KR2015/118287 A, 2015 ; Location in patent: Paragraph 0138; 0139-0142 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

5-1:Deamination of homoserine lactone hydrochloride using methanol as a solvent

The reactor was charged with 1 g of HSL · HCl, 40 g of methanol and 0.05 g of Pt (5) / Ac, followed by NO / N2 (15 atm, 1: 1 (v / v) As above, additional H2 (6.5 atm) was added and the desmethylation reaction of HSL.HCl was performed. The product was partially recovered and the components were analyzed. The results are shown in Table 8 below. A

Synthesize Find similar

290

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 37358602 Find similar reactions

With chlorine radical

T=24.84°C; P=800 Torr; Inert atmosphereGas phase; Kinetics;

Alwe; Walawalkar; Sharma; Pushpa; Dhanya; Naik

International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 2013 , vol. 45, # 5 p. 295 - 305 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

291

Synthesize Find similar

Rx-ID: 44196197 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

With palladium on activated carbon

T=130°C; P=760.051 Torr; 4 h; Reagent/catalystTemperature; Hide Experimental Procedure

CJ CHEILJEDANG CORPORATION; KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY; YANG, YOUNG RYEOL; KIM, BYUNG SIK; KIM, JEONG HYUN; LEE, JUNG HO; SHIN, HYUN KWAN; KIM, JU NAM; CHO, KYUNG HO

Patent: KR2015/118287 A, 2015 ; Location in patent: Paragraph 0154-0158 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

6-1:Dechlorination of chloro-gamma butyrolactone

Synthesize Find similar

292

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 80696 Find similar reactions

Fittig; Roeder

Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1885 , vol. 227, p. 19 Full Text Show Details

T=120°C;

Synthesize Find similar

293

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 4665211 Find similar reactions

Synthesize Find similar

A: 36 % Chromat. B: 35 % Chromat.

With 2,2'-azo-bisisobutyronitrile in benzene

T=80°C; 6 h;

Chatgilialoglu, Chryssostomos; Alberti, Angelo; Ballestri, Marco; Macciantelli, Dante; Curran, Dennis P.

Tetrahedron Letters, 1996 , vol. 37, # 35 p. 6391 - 6394 Title/Abstract Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

294

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 1943780 Find similar reactions

With water; triethylamine in ethanol

T=120.1°C; further temperatures, further solvent, activation enthalpy and entropy; Kinetics;

Grob, Cyril A.; Waldner, Adrian

Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1980 , vol. 63, # 8 p. 2152 - 2158 Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

Synthesize Find similar

295

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 6188415 Find similar reactions

Adkins; Folkers

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1931 , vol. 53, p. 1096 Full Text Show Details

Roehm and Haas

Patent: US2091800 , 1931 ;

T=250°C; P=220652 Torr; Produkt 5: Tetrahydrofuran(?).Hydrogenation;

Full Text Show Details

Adkins; Billica

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1948 , vol. 70, p. 3121 Full Text View citing articles Show Details

Wojcik; Adkins

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1933 , vol. 55, p. 4943 Full Text Show Details

296

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 23659044 Find similar reactions

A: 1.27% B: 4.78% C: 1.55% D: 1.24% E: 0.48% F: 90.6% G: 0.08%

Synthesize Find similar

With hydrogen; 0.5percent Pd/2.0percent Re on Rutile TiO2

T=110°C; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

Synthesize Find similar

Bhattacharyya, Alakananda; Manila, Maynard D.

Patent: US2006/4212 A1, 2006 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 11-13 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details

The catalyst testing unit is comprised of a two-reactor system connected in series where maleic acid is first converted to succinic acid (SAC) in the first reactor at about 110° C. The effluent from the first stage reactor is delivered to the second stage reactor for the conversion of succinic acid to mainly BDO. Operating pressure is at 2500 to 4000 psi and internal reactor temperature is initially set at 165° C. Thereafter, temperature is adjusted closer to the temperature where a high conversion of SAC (about 99.7percent) is obtained. This temperature generally may vary from about 130° C. to about 175° C. At the lower end of the temperature range BDO selectivity is higher (80percent or higher) whereas THF is favored at higher temperatures (over 5percent). The results of the activity evaluation of a catalysts made according to the procedure of catalyst Example 1(a) is shown in Table 1a. Activity evaluation of a catalyst made according to the procedure of catalyst Example 2 is shown in Table 1(b). Catalyst results of the activity evaluation of a catalysts made according to the procedure of catalyst Example 3 is shown in Table 1(c).Tables 1a, 1b and 1c show that catalysts of Example 1(a), comprising Pd/Re on a rutile titanium dioxide support, and catalysts of Example 2 and Example 3, comprising Pd on a rutile titanium dioxide support, completely convert maleic acid to succinic acid with high selectivity to succinic acid and low amounts of other by-products. The Catalyst Testing Unit (CTU) results for Catalyst Example 1 and Catalyst Example 2 show that (a) Both 1/16 inch and inch Rutile extrudates can be used for hydrogenation. For carbon, inch was found to be less effective. (b) For maleic to succinic hydrogenation there is no need for other co-catalysts such as Ag, Fe, Na, etc., (c) 0.5percent Pd alone on a rutile TiO2 support gives good conversion of maleic acid to succinic acid. A

Synthesize Find similar

297

Synthesize Find similar Rx-ID: 23659045 Find similar reactions

A: 0.6% B: 0.04% C: 0.62% D: 0.19% E: 88.49% F: 0.12% G: 0.11%

With hydrogen; 0.5percent Pd on Rutile TiO2

T=110°C; 96 - 238 h; Product distribution / selectivity; Hide Experimental Procedure

Tables 2a and 2b show the results of hydrogenation of maleic acid to succinic acid over several sample time periods using catalysts prepared as described in Catalyst Example 1(a) and Catalyst Example 2.

Bhattacharyya, Alakananda; Manila, Maynard D.

Patent: US2006/4212 A1, 2006 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 14 ; Title/Abstract Full Text Show Details