Niranam Jerusalem MarThoma Sunday School Souvenir by ashish varghese

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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1870 - 2020

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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Jerusalem Mar Thoma Sunday School, Niranam 2021 Dennis Idicula Abraham (Aura Weddings) Global Computers,Thiruvalla Mar Thoma Press, Thiruvalla FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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OUR METROPOLITAN

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Rt. Rev. Dr. Euyakim Mar Coorilos Suffragan Metropolitan

Rt. Rev. Joseph Mar Barnabas Suffragan Metropolitan

Rt. Rev. Thomas Mar Timotheos Episcopa

Rt. Rev. Dr. Isaac Mar Philoxenos Episcopa

Rt. Rev.Dr. Abraham Mar Paulos Episcopa

Rt. Rev. Dr. Mathews Mar Makarios Episcopa

Rt. Rev. Dr. Thomas Mar Theethos Episcopa

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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1870 - 2020

\n-cW - w sb-cp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k-¨tUkvI - qƒ A-Xn-s‚ ssP-{X-bm-{X-bn¬ k-hn-ti-ja- m-b H-cp \m-gn-I° - √v ]n-∂n-Sp-I-bm-Wv. tem-I-c-£-I-\m-b tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-hn-¶-te-°v Ip-cp-∂p a-\- p-I-sf B-\-bn-°p-hm-\pw kp-hnti-j-Øn-s‚ km-£n-I-fm-Ip-hm-\pw t{]-c-I-am-Ip-∂ k¨tUkv-Iqƒ {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ 150 h¿-j-ßƒ ]q¿-Øo-Icn-°p-∂p. i-tXm-Øc- kp-h¿-ÆPq-_n-en-tbm-S\ - p-_‘ - n- ® - v H-cp kva- c- W - n-I {]-kn-≤o-Ic- n-°p-hm≥ km-[n-°p-∂X - n¬ G-sd k-t¥m-jn-°p-I-bpw ssZ-h-sØ kv-Xp-Xn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. `m-c-X-Øn-s‚ a-Æn¬ kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-s‚ {]-Im-i-\m-fw B-Zy-am-bn Xn-cn-sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-´ tZ-i-am-W-t√m \n-c-Ww. hn-ip-≤ tXm-a-kv A-s∏m-kv-X-e-s‚ kp-[o-c-am-b kp-hn-ti-j kw-th-Z-\X-ev-]-c-X-bp-sS B-flm-hv I-\¬-sI-´p t]mIm-sX ]-cn-c£ - n-°s- ∏-Sp-∂p F-∂X - n-s‚ D-Zm-Ø Zr-jvS- m-¥a- m-Wv \q-‰n-bº - X - mw h-bk - n¬ F-Øn \n¬-°p-∂ \n-cW - w sb-cp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨tUkvI - qƒ. 1905-¬ am¿-tØm-Ωm k-¨tUkvI - qƒ k-am-Pw Hu-tZym-Kn-Ia- m-bn cq-]s- ∏Sp-∂X - n-\v ap-ºv X-s∂ \n-cW - w tZ-iØ - v Ip-™p-ßf- p-sS th-Z] - T-\Ø - n-\m-bn ]mT-im-eI - ƒ - {I-ao-Ic- n-°s- ∏-´p-sh-∂Xv A-`n-am-\-]q¿-Δw Hm¿-Ωn-°-s∏-tS-≠Xm-Wv. N-cn-{X-]-c-am-bn H-cp hm-Wn-Py \-K-c-am-bn I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂ \n-c-Ww-tZ-iw ssZ-h-h-N-\-Øn-s‚-bpw k-Xy-kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-s‚-bpw \o-cp-d-h-bm-bn \n-e-sIm≠p. 1870 ¬ - ÿm-]n-Xa- m-b sb-cp-itew k¨tUkvI - q-fn-eq-sS ssZ-hc- m-Py-Øn-\pw tem-IØ - n-\pw H-cp-t]m-se Kp-WI-c-am-bn-Øo¿-∂ A-t\-I hy-‡n-I-sf cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ C-S-bm-bn. k-`m-ip-{iq-j-bv-°m-bn c≠v ta¬-∏-´-°m-scbpw A-t\-Iw ssh-Zo-I-tc-bpw kp-hn-ti-j-I-tc-bpw kp-hn-ti-j X-ev-]-c-cm-b A-flm-b-t\-Xr-Xz-sØ-bpw H-cp-°p-∂Xn¬ k-¨tUkvI - q-fn-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø\ - ß - ƒ D-]b - p-‡a- m-bn F-∂p-≈X - v {]-iw-k\ - o-ba- t- {X. k-`b - v° - v am-{X-a√ - , s]mXpk-aq-lØ - n-\pw cm-Py-Øn-\pw {]-tbm-P\ - I - c- a- m-Ip-∂ hn-[Ø - n¬ aq-ey-t_m-[a- p-≈ X-ea- p-dI - s- f hm¿-sØ-Sp-°p-∂X - n¬ C-∂pw k¨tUkvI - qƒ {]-h¿-Ø\ - ß - ƒ ap-Jm-¥c- a- m-Ip-∂p. t]m-bI - m-eß - f- n¬ k¨tUkvI - qƒ {]-h¿-Ø\ - ß - ƒ°v t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In-b hn-Im-cn-am¿, k-¨tU-kv-Iqƒ A-≤ym-]-I¿ G-h-tc-bpw \-μn-]q¿-Δw Hm¿-°p-∂p. Xym-K-]q¿Δw Cu \m-fp-I-fn¬ k¨tUkv-Iqƒ {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]-¶p-Im-cm-Ip-∂ F-√m-h-¿-°m-bpw ssZ-h-Øn-\v kvXp-Xn -Itc-‰p-∂p. A-Xym-[p-\n-I-X-bp-tS-bpw A-dn-hn-s‚-bpw a-Ip-Sw-Nm¿-Øn \n¬-°p-∂ a-\p-jy≥ a-\p-jy-Xz-Øn-s\-Xn-sc lnw-kmfl-I-am-b hn-j-∏p-I h-an-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ t\¿-Nn-{X-ßƒ-°v hn-hn-[ kw-`-h-ß-fn-eq-sS \mw km-£n-I-fm-Ip-∂p. temIw A-k-am-[m-\-Øn-s‚ I-cn-\n-g-en¬ B-Ip-tºmƒ D-Xv-Ir-jv-S-am-b Nn-¥-I-fpw Hu-∂n-Xy-am¿-∂ ssZ-h-cm-Py-aq-ey-ßfpw D- b ¿- Ø n- s °m≠v k¿- Δ - k m- t lm- Z - c y- Ø n- s ‚- b pw kv - t \- l m- t «- j - W - Ø n- s ‚- b pw k- t μ- i w ]- I - c p- h m≥ k¨tUkvIqƒ {]-h¿-Ø\ - ß - ƒ-°v C-Sb - m-Is- ´-sb-∂v {]m¿-∞n-°p-∂p. Ip-™p-ßf- p-sS kr-jvS- n-]c- a- m-b k¿-§mfl-I-X-sb ]-cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-hm-\pw A-h-sb ssZ-h-\m-a-a-l-Xz-Øn-\pw tem-I-Øn-s‚ s]m-Xp-\-∑-bv-°pw D-]-Im-cam-Ip-∂ hn-[-Øn¬ hn-\n-a-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ h-cpw-h¿-j-ß-fn-se {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ Im-c-W-am-I-s´. i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq_n-en sIm≠m-Sp-∂ Cu Im-ew H-cp a-lm-hym-[n-bp-sS Im-e-am-Wv. tIm-hn-Uv19 F-∂ alm-am-cn a-\p-jy-Po-hn-Xß - s- f k-Ω¿-±Ø - n¬ B-gvØ - p-Ib - pw Po-hn-X{- I-aß - f- p-sS Xm-fw sX-‰n-°p-Ib - pw sN-bvX - p F∂-Xv H-cp bm-Ym¿-∞y-am-Wv. ssZ-h-Øn¬ \n-∂v A-I-ew ]m-en-°p-hm≥ h-√m-sX \n¿-_-‘n-°p-∂ H-cp Im-e-Øn¬ ssZ-ht- Øm-Spw {In-kvX - p- i-co-ca- m-b k-`t- bm-Spw C-gI - n-t®¿-∂v Po-hn-Xs- Ø sI-´p-]W - n sN-øp-hm≥ X-ea- p-dI - s- f k÷-cm-°p-I F-∂ D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Øw k-¨tUkv-Iqƒ \n¿-Δ-ln-t°-≠Xm-Wv. tIm-hn-Un-s‚ I-ep-jn-X-am-b km-l-Ncy-Øn-epw \-Ωp-sS k-¨tUkv-Iqƒ {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ ap-S-°w kw-`-hn-°m-sX \-h km-t¶Xn-Ih - n-Zy-bp-sS k-lm-bt- Øm-sS I¿-Ω\ - n-cX - a- m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂X - pw A`n-\μ - \ - m¿-la- t- {X. Ime-Øn-s‚ Np-h-sc-gp-Øp-I-sf hm-bn-s®-Sp-°p-hm-\pw Hu-∂n-Xy-am¿-∂ Po-hn-X am-Xr-I-I-fpw B-≤ym-fln-I-am-b io-e-ß-fpw cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\pw k¨tUkv-Iqƒ A-`y-k-\w aq-ew C-Sbm-I-s´-sb-∂v {]m¿-∞n-°p-∂p. N-cn-{X-Øn-s‚ C-S\ - m-gn-bn-eq-sS-bpw Hm¿-ΩI - f- p-sS h-k¥ - Ø - n-eq-sS-bpw Im-en-Ia- m-b Nn¥-If- n-eq-sS-bpw Po-hm-flI - a- m-b k-ao-]\ - ß - f- n-eq-sS-bpw lr-Zy-am-b Dƒ-°m-gvN - I - f- pw Dƒ-t{]c-WI - f- pw k-Ωm-\n-°p-∂ Cu kva- c- W - n-Ib - p-sS hm-b\ - m-\p-`h - w G-h¿-°pw {]-tNm-Z\ - h - pw {]Im-i-hp-am-bn `-hn-°-s´-sb-∂ {]m¿-∞-\-tbm-Spw Cu kZp-Zy-a-Øn¬ A-ev-]-am-bpw A-[n-I-ambpw k-lm-bn-°p-Ib - pw k-lI - c- n-°p-Ib - pw sN-bvX - G-ht- c-bpw \-μn-]q¿-Δw kva- c- n-®p-sIm≠pw Cu hm-b-\m-\p-`-h-Øn-te-°v kzm-K-Xw sN-øp-∂p.

d-h. sI. ssh. tP-°-_v (hn-Im-cn) sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

ssZh-h-N\w cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p \ncWw sbcp-itew am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIqƒ itXm-Øc kph¿Æ Pq_n-en-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v Cß-s\sbmcp kvac-WnI {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-b-Xn¬ ssZh-sØ \μn-tbmsS kvXpXn-°p-∂p. C∂sØ temIkm-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬ ssZh-h-N-\-tØmSv `‡n-bpw, kz`m-ht{i-jvT-X-bpw, {InkvXptI{μo-Ir-Xhpw kmaq-lym-h-t_m[-ap≈ Hcp Xe-ap-dsb hm¿sØ-Sp-t°≠Xv \ΩpsS I¿Øhy-am-Wv. BZna \q‰m-≠n¬ Xs∂ hN\-Øns‚ hnØv hnX-bv°-s∏´ ÿe-amWv \nc-Ww. ss{IkvXh k`-bpsS `mhn-`m-K-t[bw cq]-s∏-tS-≠Xv ssZh-h-N\ ]T-\-Øn-eqsS-bm-sW∂ kXyw \ncWw sbcp-itew CS-h-I-bnse {Im¥-Z¿in-I-fmb Hcp-Iq´w ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Xncn-®-dn-™ncp∂p. Ah¿ Bcw-`n® thZ-]-T-\-ime Ime-{I-taW sbcpitew k¨tU-kvIq-fmbn Xo¿∂p. Ign™ \q‰n A≥]Xv h¿jsØ sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ hf¿®-bpsS ]mX- b n¬ A\- h - c Xw e`n® ssZhoI \S- Ø n- ∏ ns‚ km£y-]{- X-am-bn-´mWv Cu kvac-WnI {]kn-≤o-Ic - W - sØ Rßƒ ImWp-∂-Xv. ssZh- h - N \ A`y- k - \ - Ø neqsS Ip™p- ß - f psS Bﬂob cq]m-¥-c-Øn\v hfsc A\p-I-c-Wobamb amXrI-bmWv sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]≠v apX¬s° ]n¥p-S¿∂n-cp-∂-Xv. `mKy-kva-c-Wo-b-\mb tUm. kJ-dnbmkv am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv k{^-K≥ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm, A`n-hμy tUm. {KotKm-dn-tbmkv am¿ kvtX^m-t\mkv F∏nkvtIm-∏m, Ime-b-h-\n-I-bv°p-≈n¬ ad™ ap≥ k`m sk{I-´dn dh. sI.-sP. ^nen-∏v, kphn-ti-j{- ]-kw-Kk - wLw ap≥ P\-d¬ sk{I-´dn dh. tPm¿Pv Ae-Ivkm-≠¿, dh. sI.- F w. tPm¿Pv , Ct∏mƒ kPoh tkh- \ - Ø n- e p≈ ]tØmfw ]´-°m¿, {]ikvX kmº-ØnI imkv{X-⁄≥ ]ﬂ{io tUm. kmap- t h¬ t]mƒ XpS- ß n- b - h ¿ Cu k¨tU-kvIq-fnse ]q¿Δ hnZym¿∞n-I-fm-Wv. Cu ]d™ _lp- a m- \ y- h y- ‡ n- X z- ß sf IqSmsX AXp- c - i p- { iq- j , A≤ym-]-I, kmaqly˛cmjv{So-b, tkh\ taJ-e-I-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ At\Iw ]q¿Δ-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS 8

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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Pohn-X-Øn¬ sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ kzm[o-\-sØ-°p-dn®v km£n-®n-´p-≠v. itXm-Øc kph¿Æ Pq_nen DZvLmS\ ktΩ-f\w 2019 \hw-_¿ 3\v h¿Æ-i-_-f-amb hn[-Øn¬ \S-Øn-. F∂m¬ tImhnUv alm-am-cnbpsS kml-Nc - y-Øn¬ kvac-WnI {]kn-≤o-Ic - Ww \o≠p-t]m-bn. At\Iw t]¿ Cu kvac-Wn-Ib - psS {]kn-≤o-Ic - W - Ø - n\v kl-Ic - Ww \evIn. Imew sNøp-∂-Xn\v apºv kvac-Wn-I-bpsS {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\v Biw-k-Iƒ Adn-bn® tUm. tPmk^v am¿tØmΩm sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb \μn-]q¿Δw kvacn-°p-∂p. ktμ-i-ßƒ \evIn A\p-{K-ln® A`n-hμy tUm. XnbtUm-jykv am¿tØmΩm sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbmSpw a‰v F√m Xncp-ta-\nam-tcmSpap≈ BZ-chpw IrX-⁄-Xbpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. kvac-WnI {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\v t\XrXzw \evInb hnImcn sI.-ssh. tP°_v A®t\m-Sp≈ \μnsb Adn-bn-°p-∂p. teJ-\-ßƒ X∂v klm-bn® F√m am\y-hy-‡n-I-tfmSpw Rßƒ AXy¥w IrX-⁄-X-bp-≈-h-cm-Wv. kvacWn-I-bpsS Ih¿ & teHu´v Unssk\v th≠ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬In klmbn® k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]q¿Δ-hn-Zym¿∞nbpw sshZnI hnZym¿∞nbpamb {io. Binjv sNdn-bm≥ h¿§o-kn-t\mSp≈ \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. kvacWnI {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠ am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬In {]h¿Øn® slUvam-Ã¿ {io. tPm¿Pv h¿Ko-kn-t\m-Spw, I¨ho-\¿ {ioaXn _n\p adnbw tPmkv, FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Uv AwK-ßƒ F∂n-htcmSp≈ \μn a\- n¬ kq£n-°p-∂p. tImhnUv Ime-L´w G‰hpa[nIw _m[n-®Xv hf-cp∂ Xe-ap-d-tb-bmWv. Hm¨sse≥, UnPn-‰¬ ]T\w Ip™p-ß-fn¬ D≠m-°nb am\-koI kwL¿j-ßƒ \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. ChnsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sSbpw k¨tUkvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw ]¶v hfsc {]k‡-am-Wv. Ip™p-ß-tfmSv kvt\l-]q¿Δ-amb kwth-Z\ - w, t{]m’m-l\ - w, Xncp-hN - \ - ] - m-cm-bW - w, {IaoIr-X-amb IpSpw-_-{]m¿∞-\ F∂o Imcy-ß-fmWv Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ^e-{]-Z-amb ]cn-lmc am¿§-ßƒ. ssZh-h-N\ ]T\w hy‡nsb tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-te°pw Pohn-X-Øns‚ ka-{K-cq-]m-¥c - Ø - n-tebv°pw \bn-°p-∂p. Cu c≠v {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ°mWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ i‡o-I-cWw \¬Ip-∂-Xv. sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ \nd™ Cu Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ IqSp-X¬ D¬km-lhpw ka¿∏-Wh - p-ap-≈h - c - mbn k¨tUkvIqfns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sphm≥ Cu itXm-Øc kph¿Æ Pq_nen BN-cWw Gh¿°pw klm-b-I-c-am-Is´ F∂m-iw-kn®psIm≠v Cu kvac-WnI hmeyw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Un-\p-th-≠n,

\ncWw BKÃv 2021 sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

tUm. amXyp tXmakv No^v FUn-‰¿

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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C-S-h-I-bpsS ap≥hn-Im-cn-am¿ amΩ≥ bu\m≥ I»oim ]≈n-®nd

bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿ ]´-ap-°n¬

dh. sI.-kn.k°-dnbm

dh. Fw.]n.tXmakv (1923)

dh.F≥.‰n.tPm¿Pv, \memw-th-en¬ (1923-˛1932)

dh.hn.sP.tPmk^v (1932-˛1933)

dh.sI.sP.sPbn-°_v (1933˛1940)

dh.]n.Fw.tXmakv (1940˛1941)

dh. sI.‰n.Nm°pÆn (1941-˛1945)

dh. Fw.Fkv.sPbn-°_v (1945-˛1947)

dh.]n.sP.tPm¨ (1947-˛1948)

dh.]n.C.amXyp (1948-˛1950)

dh.sI.sI.amXyp (1950-˛1951)

dh.]n.C.tXmakv (1951-˛1952)

dh.sI.Fw.tXmakv (1952-˛1953)

dh.sI.Fw.tXmakv (ko-\n-b¿) (1953-˛1958)

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

dh.kn.Fw.G{_lmw dh.Fw.sF.Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ (ko\n-b¿) (1958-˛1963) (1963-˛1969)

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

dh.sI.sF.aØmbn (1969-˛1971)

dh.]n.H.tPm¿÷v (1971-˛1974)

dh.kn.hn.G{_lmw (1974˛1978)

dh. Fkv.hn.sNdn-bm≥ (1978-˛1981)

shcn. dh.sI.H. ^nen-t∏mkv (1981-˛1987)

dh.Fw.‰n.tXmakv (1987-˛1990)

dh.kn.Fw.G{_lmw (Pq-\n-b¿) (1990-˛1992)

shcn. dh. kvIdnbm G{_lmw (1992-˛1997)

dh.sI.Pn.Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ (1997-˛2001)

dh.kn.tPmk^v (2001-˛2006)

dh.-hn.-Fw.amXyp (2006-˛2009)

dh.tUm.tPm¨k¨ ]n. amXyp (2009-˛2011)

dh. tXmakv h¿Kokv (2011-˛2015)

dh. tPmP≥ amXyqkv tPm¨ (2015˛2016)

dh.tUm. kPp amXyp (2016-˛2019)

dh.-kJ-dnb tPm¨ (2019-˛2020)

dh.tUm.Um\ntb¬ amΩ≥ (2020-˛2021)

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

-C-S-h-Imw-Kßƒ k`m ip{iq-j-bn¬

dh. C.-sF. Ipcp-hnf Cc-a-√m-Sn-¬

dh.-sI.-sP.-^n-en∏v Nme-°m-´n¬

dh.sI.-Fw.-tPm¿Pv InW-‰p-Ic

dh. tPm¿Pv Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ aW-te¬ πm∏p-tgØv

dh. tUm. kÆn tPm¿Pv ]mdm-Øp-t»-cn¬

dh. tPm¿Pv tXmakv Nme-°m-´n¬

dh. G{_lmw ]n. h¿°n ]mc-bn¬

dh. kn_p ]≈n-®nd ]≈n-®nd Ipt∂¬

dh. sdPn sFkIv tNcn-°¬

-kn-Ã¿ F.-F-kv. A®mΩ Binjv sNdn-bm≥ h¿Kokv {InÃn Fw. Ipcy≥ amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ ASn-hm-°¬ ]´-ap-°n¬ (ssh-ZnI hnZym¿∞n) (tkhn-Im-kw-Lw) (ssh-ZnI hnZym¿∞n)

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

k¨tU-kvIqƒ ap≥ slUvam-Ã¿am¿

eqt°mkv Bim≥, sh¨]-d-ºn¬ tImc-km¿, sh¨]-d-ºn¬

Fw.-]n. tPm¿Pv aW-te¬ πm∏p-tgØv

kn.-sI.-Ip-cp-hnf Nnd-°-]-d-ºn¬

sI.-sP. tXmakv Nme-°m-´n¬

hn.-sF. tPm¿Pv sh¨]-d-ºn¬

Fw. tXmakv Ipcy≥ amW-n]-d-ºn¬ tXm∏n¬

hn.-F. h¿Kokv hng-en¬

sI.-Pn. amXyp ]≈n-®nd Ipt∂¬

tPm¿÷pIp´n imap-th¬ a´-bv°¬

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I¿ ˛ 2021

k¨tU-kvIqƒ Npa-X-e-°m¿

dh.-sI.-ssh.-tP-°_v {]kn-U‚v

tPm¿Pv h¿Kokv slUvam-Ã¿

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

tPm¨ ]n. h¿°n sk{I-´dn

kmdmΩ h¿Kokv {Sj-dm¿

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

#v#v

CS-h-I-bnse ap≥Ime Aﬂmb t\Xm-°-fn¬ Nne¿

Ipdn-®n-tbØv h´-Sn-bn¬ tImcpf C´n-b-hncm

sI.-sI.-Ip-cp-hnf Ipdn-®n-tbØv

sI.-kn.-tXm-akv InW-‰p-Ic

(kphn-tij {]kwK kwL ÿm]I t\Xm-°-fn¬ H-cmƒ)

(tIm´-bw am¿tØmΩm ssh-Zn-Isk-an-\mcn {]Ya {]n≥kn-∏mƒ)

(am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIqƒ k-amPw anj-\-dn)

hn.-sF. amXyp sh¨]-d-ºn¬

adn-b°p´n k\ym-kn\n IqØ-∏-≈n-¬

F≥.-Pn. DΩ≥ \m\m{X Ifobv-°¬

(sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ BZy-Ime sk{I-´dn)

(kphn-ti-j-I/ k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]n-I)

(Zo¿L-Ime k¨tU-kvIqƒ kwKoX A≤ym-]-I≥)

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

k¨tU-kvIqƒ kamPw tI{μ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fmb CS-h-Imw-K-ßƒ

dh.]n.sP.tPm¨ ]´-ap-°n¬

Fw.-]n.-tPm¿Pv aW-te¬ πm∏p-tgØv

sI.-Fw.-Ip-cp-hnf InW-‰p-Ic

(kamPw ÿm]I Imcy-k-anXn AwKw)

(sk‚¿ C≥kvs]-IvS¿ & Unkv{SnIv‰v Hm¿K-ss\-k¿)

hn.-sF.-tPm¿Pv sh¨]-d-ºn¬

tPm¿÷p-Ip´n imap-th¬ a´-bv°¬

(sk‚¿ C≥kvs]-IvS¿)

(sk‚¿ sk{I-´dn)

tPmWn-Ip´n imap-th¬ a´-bv°¬

tUm. amXyp tXmakv InW-‰p-Ic

(sk‚¿ C≥kvs]-IvS¿)

(Unkv{SnIv‰v Hm¿K-ss\-k¿)

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church APOSTOLIC SEE OF ST. THOMAS DR. THEODOSIUS MAR THOMA METROPOLITAN

Poolatheen, Tiruvalla P.0., Pathanamthitta Dist., Kerala - 689 101, India

Message I am glad that the Jerusalem Mar Thoma Sunday School, Niranam, is celebrating its 150 year of existence and publishing a souvenir commemorating the occasion. I wish God’s blessings upon the programme and success to the publication of the souvenir. I appreciate the leadership given by the Vicar, Rev. K. Y. Jacob and all the team work that is done by the office bearers of the function and members of the various committees. Nurturing the young lives through the Sunday School Classes is a corporate responsibility. It starts from home. A Christian home is the first Sunday School and the loving parents are the first Sunday School teachers. This is continued through the Sunday School classes where formal education goes through the accepted curriculum. Our Sunday School stands for bringing each child to Jesus Christ. Therefore, the teaching in the Sunday School is to help each child to accept Jesus Christ as his/her personal Saviour. The children are also introduced to the faith and faith practices of the Church. All these are based on the Holy Bible. Hence Sunday School enables each child to study the Holy Bible thoroughly and to continue the practice of studying it throughout the days of one’s life. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to greet all the members through this souvenir. May the insights we derive through the various events of the function, the various messages we hear from our spiritual leaders and the strength we gain through the team work of the community enable the faith community to march forward with greater vision and enthusiasm to glorify God, carry out the ministry given to the Church and also for building up the Kingdom of God on earth. The grace of God be with everyone. Yours in Christ’s Ministry,

DR. THEODOSIUS MAR THOMA METROPOLITAN. Ph: 0469-2630313, 2602626 (0), Mob: 9447370700, E-mail: metropolitan@marthoma.in sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church Apostolic See of St. Thomas Poolatheen Tiruvalla P.O. Pathanamthitta Dist. Kerala-689 101, India

DR. JOSEPH MAR THOMA METROPOLITAN

ktμiw \ncWw bcp-itew am¿tØmΩm CSh-I-bpsS k¨tUkvIqƒ AXns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-k-c-Wn-bn¬ 150 h¿jw ]n∂n´v itXm-Øc kph¿Æ Pq_nen BtLm-j-Øn\v Hcp-ßp∂p F∂-Xn¬ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p. X±-h-k-c-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn°p∂ kvac-Wn-I-bn¬ IqsS \nßƒ F√m-h¿°pw A\p-{K-lßfpw Biw-kI - fpw \¬Ip-∂X - nepw \ap°v henb k-t¥mjw D≠v. Ipń-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\hpw ssZh kvt\ln-X-cp-amWv. Ah¿ km≤y-X-I-fpsS Iqºm-c-am-Wv. ssZh-km-Zriyw Ahcn¬ hnf-ßp-∂p. Ipń-Iƒ ssZhw \sΩ G¬∏n® henb \n[nbm-Wv. Cu Ah-t_m-[Øn¬ \n∂v Df-hm-b-XmWv k¨tUkvIqƒ {]ÿm-\-ßƒ. \ΩpsS Ip™p-ßsf sNdp-∏-Ønse ssZh-h-gn-bn¬ ImØpkq£n-°-Ww. Xncp-h-N\w Ah-cpsS ]mX-b°v {]Imiam-bn-cn-°-Ww. Xncp-h-N-\-Øn¬IqsS Ah¿ c£-I-\mb tbip{In- k v X p- h p- a m- b p≈ kPoh _‘- Ø n¬ {]th- i n- ° - W w. {InkvXob Z¿i-\-Øn¬, k`m `‡n-bn¬, kaql Ah-t_m[-Øn¬, ssZh-Øns‚ {]nb a°-fmbn hf-cp-∂X - n\v Ipń-Iƒ°v am¿§-Z¿i-\hpw t{]c-I-i-‡nbpw kvt\ln-X-\p-ambn k¨tUkvIqƒ Xocs´ F∂p \mw {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. Cu kvac-WnI {]Im-i-\-th-f-bn¬ B k¨tU-kvIqfnse A≤-ym-]-I¿°pw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°pw kvac-Wn-I-bpsS {]kn-≤n-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ F√m-h¿°pw ssZhw A-\-h-[n-bmb ssZh-Ir] \¬Is´ F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw Biw-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

19-˛12-˛2019

tUm. tPmk^v am¿tØmΩm sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm

(A`n-hμy Xncp-ta\n Imew-sN-øp-∂-Xn\p apºv \¬Inb ktμiw)

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church KOTTARAKARA – PUNALUR DIOCESE

RT. REV. DR. EUYAKIM MAR COORILOS SUFFRAGAN METROPOLITAN

Oorsalem Aramana, Sub Station Road Prasanthi Nagar, Kizhakkekara Kottarakara - 691 506

ktμiw sbcpitew am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIqƒ, \ncWw, itXm-Øc kph¿Æ Pq_nen BtLmjn-°p∂p F - ∂ - d - n-bp-∂X - n¬ AXn-bmb kt¥mj-ap-≠v. \nc-Ww, ss{IkvXh ]mc-ºc - y-ßf - nepw km£y-kc - W - n-bnepw tIcf Ncn-{X-Øn¬ ap≥]n¬ \n¬°p∂ tZi-am-Wv. ss{IkvXh kzm[o\w PohnX-Ønepw _‘-ß-fnepw Xe-ap-d-I-fnepw ]I-cp-∂-Xn¬, ssZhw I\n-™\p-{K-ln® \mSv. hnizm-kw, kvt\lw, {]Xymi Chsb apdp-sI∏pWcpIbpw XZzmcm Xe-ap-d-Iƒ A\p-{K-lo-X-cm-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp h∂ {]tZ-iamWv F∂pw ho≠pw Hm¿°p∂ thf-bmbn itXm-Øc kph¿Æ-Pq-_nen Xocs´. am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIqƒ kamPw cq]o-Ir-Xa - m-Ip-∂Xn\p apsº cq]-s∏´ Cu am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIqƒ, k¨tU-kvIqƒ {]ÿm-\Øns‚ apØ-»n-bm-W-t√m. AΩ a\- ns‚ ]pWyw, ss__nƒ IY-Ifmbpw ]m´p- I - f mbpw s]bv X n- d - ß n- b - t ∏mƒ, A—≥ \mhp- I ƒ \ap°v ap∂ta i_vZn-°p-Ibpw ioen-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ cq]-s∏-´-h-cmWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ Ip™p-ßƒ. B \mfnse hnizm-k-hpw, thZ-hm-Iy-ßfpsS a\x-]m-T-ßfpw in£-W-ßfpw C∂pw hne-tb-dnb apØp-Iƒ Xs∂bm-Wv. Xnc-t\m-´-Øn\v apXn-cp∂ GXp hnizm-knbpw tbip-hn¬ Ddbv°pIbpw ssZh-h-N-\-Øn¬ hf-cp-Ibpw Pohn-X-Øn¬ AXn-Po-h\w D≈-h-cmIp-Ibpw sNøp-hm≥ k¨tU-kvIqƒ ip{iqj XpS-tc-≠-Xp-≠v. c≠mw iXm- – - Ø ns‚ c≠mw ]Ip- X n- b n- t e°v {]th- i n- ° p- t ºmƒ k¨tUkvIqƒ {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ {]k‡n Cu hn[-Øn¬ h¿≤n-°p∂p F∂pw Hm¿Ωn-∏n°-s´. itXm-Øc kph¿Æ Pq_nen ]≤-Xn-If - mbn \S∏n-em-°p∂ Pq_nen kvamcI \n¿ΩmWw, ]q¿Δ-hn-Zym¿∞n-˛-A-≤ym-]I ktΩ-f-\w, Pp_nen hnZym-`ymk klm-b-\n-[n, anj≥ Sq¿, BZn-bm-bhbv°v F√m `mhp-Ißfpw t\cp-∂p. kph-\o¿ Cu thf-bpsS kvac-Wb - n¬ {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°p-∂Xn\v t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂ CS- h I hnImcn sI.- s sh. tP°_v A®≥, sk{I-´dn {io. tPm¨ ]n. h¿°n, slUvamÃ¿ {io. tPm¿÷v h¿§okv F∂n-hsc A`n-\-μn-°p-∂p. e`n® \∑-Iƒ°v \μn-I-tc-‰m\pw \∑-I-fn¬ \nd-hmbn \ne-\n¬∏m\pw CS-bm-Is´ F∂ {]m¿∞-\t- bmsS F√m Biwk-Ifpw Adn-bn-®p-sIm-≠v. Du¿itew Ac-a-\-bn¬ \n∂pw, bqbm°ow am¿ Iqdn-temkv k{^-K≥ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - KOLLAM DIOCESE RT. REV. JOSEPH MAR BARNABAS SUFFRAGAN METROPOLITAN

ktμiw \ncWw bcp-itew am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIqƒ Bcw`n-®n´v \q‰n A≥]Xv kwh-’cw ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip∂p F∂-dn™v ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°p-∂p. k¨tU-kvIq-fnse Ip´n-Iƒ°pw A≤-ym-]-I¿°pw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°pw \√ Biw-k-Iƒ Adnbn-°p-∂p. \q‰n A≥]Xv h¿jw \ncWw {]tZ-iØv kX-y-k-‘cpw ]c-am¿∞n-Ifpw ssZh-`-‡-cp-amb Hcp Xe-ap-dsb cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xn\v B k¨tU-kvIqƒ k`bv°pw kaq-l-Øn\pw cmP-yØn\pw \¬Inb t\Xr-X-zhpw ip{iq-jbpw F{X [\-y-am-bn-cp∂p. am¿tØmΩm «olm-°mew apX¬ kX-yh - n-iz- m-kØ - n¬ \ne\n-ev]m≥ \nß-fpsS ]nXm-°-∑m¿°v ssZhw Ir] sNbvXp. At∏m-kvtXm-es‚ hni-zm-k-Zm¿Vyw \nßƒ°v D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. kphn-tijw ]¶n-Sp-hm≥ X° D’mlw k¨tU-kvIqfn¬ hf¿ØnsbSp-°-Ww. {]K-¤-cmb sshZo-Isc \nßƒ k`bv°p \¬In. ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bn¬ \n∂v C\n sshZnIcp≠m-hWw. A`n-h-μ-y-cmb kJ-dn-bmkv am¿ sXtbm-^n-tem-kv, {KntKmdn-tbmkv am¿ kvtX^m-t\mkv F∂o ]nXm-°-∑m-scbpw hμy sshZn-I-tcbpw ssZh-ap-ºmsI kvacn-°p∂p. ssZh-h-N-\-tØmSpw ]cn-ip≤ k`-tbmSpw Iqdpw hni-zmkhpw hni-z-kvX-X-bp-ap≈ Hcp kaq-l-ambn k¨tU-kvIqƒ Ip´n-Iƒ hf-tc-Ww. hnip≤ As∏m-kvX-e-\m¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏´ Hcp CS-hI F∂-Xn¬ A`n-am-\hpw hy-‡n-X-z-hp-ap≈ kaq-lambn, km£-y-ap≈ Iq´-ambn h¿≤n-®p-h-cp-hm≥ ssZhw XpWbv°s´. {]m¿∞-\-tbm-sS,

tPmk^v am¿ _¿∂-_mkv k{^-K≥ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church NIRANAM-MARAMON DIOCESE RT. REV. DR. GREGORIOS MAR STEPHANOS EPISCOPA

Greetings in the name of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ! I am very happy to hear that the Jerusalem Mar Thoma Church Sunday School, Niranam, is publishing a souvenir to mark its 150 years of existence. Let's thank and praise God Almighty for his manifold blessings he has showered upon us throughout the past years in transmitting Faith to generations. The world we live is developing rapidly and changing into a global village. Globalization, market economy, religious fundamentalism, Secularism, Pluralism and even 'terrorism' are the talks of the day. Our surroundings are becoming very dangerous day by day, people are developing a mentality of violence and apathy on others and upon themselves. At this context the task of the Sunday School is helping the coming generation to become more Humane. Word of God is the only remedy for the problems we are facing today. A Parish Sunday School is a sacred space of spiritual nurturing. We create the morals and values through our Christian identity and lifestyle that reflects upon the society and its people. Hence the meanings we create today should challenge the present and the future generations. "Church is what you do, Church is who you are, Church is the human outworking of the person of Jesus Christ, Let's be the Church", these are the words of Bridjet Willard. The church and its members are called out to be a living sacrament in the society. The primary essence for each member of the Church is to live a life worthy of the call in order to reach them own full potentials and in turn impact the world around them. Only then can our families be saved, our communities put back together, our nations healed, and our world impacted by the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Society begins in the homes of each individual member of the Church. It is interesting that in the Gospel of St. Luke, in the summary of the great commission, the call is to preach the gospel to all Nations, however, it also commands to begin in Jerusalem first. In other words, the commission begins at home. The Church is our home in which we are growing spiritually and the Sunday School is the space we route deep into Christ consciousness. As we celebrate our 150 years existence as Sunday School let us rededicate ourselves for mission and evangelization through transmitting faith, upholding values and encouraging our future generations to become powerful witnesses of cross, faithful servants of God and responsible citizens of our Nation. I thank Almighty God for helping me to grow in Christ by our Sunday School. I also appreciate and congratulate all the efforts taken by the Vicar, Headmaster, Sunday School Teachers, Souvenir Committee and the children for bringing a souvenir during this memorable occasion. I hope and pray that the 150th year celebration will enable the Parish Sunday School to reflect Christ in every possible way. May God bless you all, With regards and prayers

Message

Rt. Rev. Dr. Gregorios Mar Stephanos Episcopa sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Message

Mar Thoma Sunday School Samajam Thiruvalla, Kerala-689101 Greetings from the Mar Thoma Sunday School Samajam. It gives me immense joy to know that the Jerusalem Mar Thoma Sunday School, Niranam is publishing a souvenir in connection with its sesquicentennial celebration. Praise be to God for His abundant blessings upon the various endeavours of the Jerusalem Mar Thoma Sunday School over the past 149 years. From its humble beginning in 1870, God has blessed this Sunday School to be an instrument in laying a strong Christian foundation in the lives of its students. Many are the lives that have been touched and transformed through the dedicated services rendered by the faithful teachers. Former students of this Sunday School are rendering effective services in various fields all across the globe and the Church and society is blessed by the valuable contributions of such students. Sesquicentennial celebration is an occasion to express our gratitude to God Almighty for empowering us to be servants in His vineyard and to carry out the mission of spiritually nurturing the little ones. Let us praise God for all the dedicated teachers who have wholeheartedly used their God-given time, talents, energies and resources to teach God’s word to the generations. Thanks be to God for all the parish vicars and the Headmasters/Headmistresses who have prayerfully served to build up the Jerusalem Mar Thoma Sunday School. Sesquicentennial celebration is also an occasion to rededicate our lives to be Kingdom builders in this generation. Christ loved the little children and made them heirs of his Kingdom. Every child reminds us that God continues to love the world and expects his people to build lives through their interactions and associations. It is my earnest prayer that every child who passes through the portals of this Sunday School may experience God’s love through the sincere and dedicated lives of the teachers and all concerned. On this historic moment, I join with the Samajam family in extending our prayers and warm wishes to the Vicar, the Sunday School teachers, students, parents and the faith community. May all the programs and projects envisioned be a blessing for the community. Let us together join hands with God in this life-transforming ministry. May God’s name be glorified. In Christ’s service Rev. George Cherian General Secretary, Mar Thoma Sunday School Samajam

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Ncn-{X-Øn-s‚ ]-S-hp-Iƒ... \ncWw sbcpitew k¨tUkvIqfns‚ kw£n]vX Ncn{Xw Fw. tXmakv Ipcy≥ \ncWw sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ : N cn-{X-Øns‚ \mƒh-gn-I-fn-eq-sS... tPm¿-Pv h¿-Ko-kv

29 34

150

1870 - 2020

Hcp k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym¿∞n-bpsS ]q¿Δ-kva-c-W-Iƒ dh.- sI.-Fw. tPm¿÷v

itXm-Øc iXm_vZn Km\w Binjv sNdn-bm≥ h¿Kokv / enPp h¿Ko-kv

sbcp-itew am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIqƒ Hcp ]q¿ΔhnZ-ym¿∞n-bpsS Hm¿Ω dh. tPm¿÷v tXma-kv

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ DΩ≥ tPm¨k¨ 65

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ- -F-∂nse ambmØ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ amXyp

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ h¿°n h¿§okv

Xe-ap-d-I-fn-eq-sS... amXyqkv h¿Kokv

k¨tU-kvIqƒ Cu imkv{Xob bpK-Øn¬ dh. tPm¿÷v Ae-Ivkm-≠¿

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ˛ Nne kzm-[o-\ßƒ {InÃn Fw. Ipc-y≥

Xncn-™p- t\m-°p-tºmƒ dh. DΩ≥ tImcpXv

Fs‚ hf¿®-bnse Nne a[pc kvac-W-Iƒ B\n tPm¿÷v

Jerusalem Sunday School & I Teena Ann Mathew

Fs‚ k¨-tUkv-Iqƒ- Nn-e Hm¿-Ω-Iƒ Pn_n F¬km h¿Kokv

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ: Hcp ]q¿Δ-hn-Z-ym¿∞n\nbpsS Hm¿Ω-Iƒ ‰nj A∂ kÆn

{InkvXob ]cn-t]m-j-W-Øns‚ t\¿h-gn-Iƒ dh. tUm. kÆn tPm¿÷v {InkvXo-b- Po-hn-X-Øns‚ \ocp-dh dh. kJ-dnb tPm¨

Hm¿-Ω-I-fp-sS Xm-fpIƒ \ncWw sbcpitew CShIbn¬ \n∂pw k¨tUkvIqfn¬ \n∂pw F\n°p e`n®n´p≈ {]tNmZ\w Zn.{io.sI.sP.^n-en-∏v I»oi

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ \¬Inb PohnX {]tNm-Z-\-ßƒ Ai-zn≥ G{_-lmw sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]Tn-∏n® ]mT-ßƒ eb\ F¬k km_p dnt∏m¿´v tPm¨ ]n. h¿°n `mcX ss{IkvXh hni-zm-k-Øns‚ Xd-hm-Sn-te-s°mcp bm{X imtemw Uo\m _nPp & sPdpjm B≥ _nPp

{Inbm-ﬂ-I-amb kao-]-\-ßƒ

141

t]mkn-‰ohv t]c‚nw-Kv: ka-Im-eo\ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ dh. G{_-lmw- ]n. h¿°n

144

aqe-y-t_m-[-ap≈ Hcp Xe-ap-dsb hm¿sØ-Sp-°m≥ kmeΩ tbml-∂m≥

147

Ab-°tW a°tf.... -a-S°n Ab°mw ssZh-a-°-fmbn kmdmΩ h¿§o-kv

149

bphm-°sf \mw icn-bmb ]mX-bn-tem? t_m¨kn kmdm _m_p

152

Fs‚ AΩ {InÃn amXyp _nt\mbv

153

Education & Social Change

154

k¨tU-kvIqƒ A`-y-k-\hpw tImhnUv hym-]-\hpw tUm. sI.-sI. tPm¨ 109

111

The Kingdom of God - A Child’s Play? Rev. Tony Eapen Varkey

114

cmP-Ip-am-c\pw Xh-fbpw dh. sdPn sFk-°v

117

k¨tU-kvIqƒ A`-y-k-\-Øns‚ {]k‡n a\x-imkv{X ho£-W-Øn¬ tUm. F-{_lmw Cu∏≥

122

]p-Xn-b tem-I-{I-a-Øn¬ ssZ-ho-I ip-{iq-j-bp-sS \-h-am-\-ßƒ d-h. kn-_p ]-≈n-®n-d 124

129

Role of family in Faith Nurturing Rev. Dr. Joe Joseph Kuruvilla

Imen-I-amb Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ

tZiob hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-\-bw 2020 s{]m^. sI. tP°_v amX-yp

aX-]-T\coXn-im-kv{Xw: sblqZ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Binjv sNdn-bm≥ h¿Kokv

Tony Thomas Mathew Good Manners Shalom Deena Biju

156

If you want to Linju Binoy

156

Ip™p-ß-fpsS kvt\ln-X-\mb Ipt™m-Ωn-®m-b≥ (sI.-kn.-tXm-akv km¿ 1883-˛1971) tUm. amXyp tXma-kv

157

k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]q¿Δ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ ]´Xz ip{iq-j-bn¬

162

A≤ym-]-I-cpsS t]cp-hn-hcw

163

\μn]q¿Δw _n-\p a-dn-bw tPm-kv

175

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

\ncWw sbcpitew k¨tUkvIqfns‚ kw£n]vX Ncn{Xw (iXm_vZn kvamcI {KŸ-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv)

Fw. tXmakv Ipcy≥ amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ tXm∏n¬ (ap≥ sk{I´dn)

150

1870 - 2020

(\ncWw Fw.‰n.F¬.]n.kvIqƒ)

]sØm-º-Xmw i-Xm-_v-Z-Øn-s‚ D-Ø-cm¿-≤w ]u-c-kv-Xy ]m-›m-Xy cm-Py-ß-fn¬ B-I-am-\w B-flo-I-am-b H-cp A-`yp∞m-\Ø - n-s‚ A-hk - c - a - m-bn-cp-∂p. ss{I-kX v- h - \q-‰m-≠p-If - p-sS a-≤y-Im-e-ß-fn¬ B-flo-b-Po-h≥ £-bn-®v A-‘-hn-izm-k-ßfm-epw Zp-cm-Nm-c-ß-fm-epw P-\-lr-Z-b-ßƒ B-a-·-am-bn k¿-Δ{X A-‘I - m-cm-hr-Xa - m-bn-cp-∂p. ss{I-kvX - h - k-`m-¥c - o-£w kphn-ti-j {]-Im-i-Øm¬ t{]m-Pz-e-am-bn, A-t\-I¿ D-W¿-Ø-s∏Sp-Ib - pw D-W¿-Δn-s‚ i-‡n-tb-dn-b Im-‰p-Iƒ \m-\`- m-Kt- Ø-°pw ho-in-bS- n-®X - pw bq-tdm-∏n-epw A-ta-cn-°b - n-epw hn-tZ-ia - n-jy≥ {]h¿-Ø-\-Øn-\p t{]-c-W-bp-≠m-b-Xpw B Zn-°p-I-fn¬ an-j-\-dn k-aq-l-ßƒ B-hn¿-`-hn-®-Xpw tem-I-{]-kn-≤-am-b "sI-kv-hn-°v a-lm-tbm-K'Øn-s‚ {]m-cw-`-hpw G-Xm-≠v Cu Im-e-L-´-Øn-embn-cp-∂p. Cu B-flo-I \-thm-∞m-\-Øn-s‚ A-e-Iƒ \-Ωp-sS Cu tI-c-f-Øn-epw B-™-Sn-®p. ss{I-kv-X-hm-_v-Z-tØm-fw X-s∂ ]-g-°-ap-≈ a-e-¶-c kp-dnbm-\n {In-kvX - ym-\n k-`b - n¬ 19-˛mw i-Xm-_vZ- Ø - n-s‚ ]q¿-Δm-¿≤ - Øn-s‚ B-Zy-L´- Ø - n¬ `m-Ky-ka -v c - W - b - ° -v ¿-l\ - m-b ]m-e° - p-∂Xv G-{_-lmw a-e] -v m-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ B-cw-`n-® \-ho-Ic - W - {- ]ÿm-\w F-Xn-cm-fn-If - p-sS A-Xn-cq-£a - m-b F-Xn-¿∏ - p-It- f-bpw X÷-\y-am-b ]o-VI - t- f-bpw F-Xn-cn-´,v _-lp-hn-[ t]m-cm-´w \-SØ - ns°m-≠n-cp-∂ Im-eØ - m-Wv 1048˛-se (AD 1873) kp-{]-kn-≤a - m-b D-W¿-Δp-≠m-bX - v. A-°m-eØ - p-Xs - ∂ A-ta-cn-°b - n¬ Un. F¬. aq-Un-bpw Cdm Un. km-¶n-bpw bq-tdm-∏n¬ C-hm≥ tlm-]I -v n≥-k,v

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

hn-eyw-sh-_v s]-]v-tfm ap-X-em-b ho-ctbm-≤m-°ƒ A-hn-sS \-S-∂ D-W¿-hn-\v t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In-bt- ∏mƒ C-hn-Sp-sØ DW¿-Δn-s‚ \m-bI - X - zw h-ln-®X - v "hn-Zzm≥Ip-ń' F-∂ A-]c - \ - m-aw h-ln-®n--cp-∂ bpkvX - q-kv tbm-k^ - ,v bm-t°m-_p-Ip-ń {]-`rXn-If - m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu D-W¿-Δv \-ho-Ic - W - {]-ÿm-\Ø - n-\p H-cp \-hP - o-h≥ \¬-IpI-bpw, B {]-ÿm-\w D-Øt- cm-Øc - w A`n-hr-≤n-bn¬ h-cp-∂X - n-\pw Zo¿-LI - m-e ]cn-Nb - Ø - m-¬ th-cp-d® - n-cp-∂ A-t\-I Zp-cmNm-cß - s - f Zq-co-Ic - n-®v {In-kX -v o-b Po-hn-X\n-eh - m-cw A-Xn-s‚ B-Zn \-∑b - n-te-°pw k-`m-{I-aß - ƒ kp-hn-ti-jm-\pcq-]a - m-bpw cq-]o-I-cn-®v kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p P-\-ßsf Iq-Sp-X¬ D¬-_p-≤c - m-°p-Ib - pw sN-b-v Xp. 1048-˛s - e D-W¿-Δn¬ ap-∂W - n-bn¬ \n∂p t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In-bh - c - n¬ Cu C-Sh - I-bn¬ sh¨-]d - º - n¬ eq-t°m-kv B-im\pw k-tlm-Zc - ∑ - m-cpw Dƒ-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. eqt°m-kv B-im≥ H-cp kw-kI -v r-X] - W - U -v nX-\pw hm-‹n-bpw D-Ø-a ssZ-h-`-‡-\pw k¿-tΔm-]-cn A-°m-e-sØ H-cp th-Z-imkv{- X ]-WvU - n-X\ - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. hn-ip-≤ tXm-am-«o-lm-bp-sS kp-hnti-j-a-dn-bn-∏m¬ {In-kv-Xm-_v-Zw 52˛¬ kw-ÿm-]n-Xs - a-∂v ]-cº - c - b - m-b hn-iz-kn®p-t]m-cp-∂-Xpw A-°m-e-sØ `-{Zm-k-\ C-Sh - I - b - p-am-bn-cp-∂ \n-cW - w a-lm C-Sh - I-bn-epw `-‡i - n-tcm-aW - n-bm-bn-cp-∂ ]-áp-°n¬ bm-t°m-_p I-Ø\ - m-cp-sS t\-XrXz-Øn¬ \-ho-Ic - W - m-\p-Iq-en-Iƒ D-≠m-

Ip-I-bpw A-h¿ ]-cn-™v, C-t∏mƒ \n-c-Ww sk‚ v. tXm-ak - v am¿-tØm-Ωm C-Sh - I - s - b-∂v hn-fn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂ Im-´p-\n-eØ - v ]-≈n-h® - v A-hn-sS Iq-Sn-\S- ° - p-Ib - pw sNbvX - p-h∂ - p. \n-cW - w In-gt- °-`m-KØ - p-≈h - ¿-°v Im-´p-\ne-Øp ]-≈n A-e] v- w Zq-cØ - m-Ib - m¬, {]m¿-∞\ - m-°q´-ßf - pw a-‰pw \-SØ - p-∂X - n-\m-bn H-cp sN-dn-b sI-ń-Sw h-b° v- m≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-Ib - pw B-bX - v, ]-á - p-°n¬ hI "]p-fn-º≈ - n' ]p-cb - n-SØ - n¬ ÿm-]n-°p-Ib - pw sN-b-v Xp. Im-e{- I-aØ - n¬ A-sXm-cp ]-≈n-°q-Sa - m-Ip-Ib - pw c≠p ¢m- p-≈ H-cp ]-≈n-°q-Sw A-hn-sS Zo¿-LI - m-ew \-S° - p-Ib - pw sN-bX v- p. A-hn-sS-Øs - ∂-bm-Wv Cu C-Sh-Ib - n-se B-Zy k¨-tU-kI -v q-fpw \-S∂ - X - .v ]-≈n-°qS-Øn-s‚ F-∂-h-Æw k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fn-s‚-bpw B-ZysØ A-≤ym-]I - ≥ eq-t°m-kv B-im≥ X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p. A-t±-lt- Øm-Sp tN¿-∂v ]-á - p-°n¬ ]-Sn-™m-sd°-c sN-dn-bm-®\ - pw Ip-td-°m-ew A-hn-sS ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibp-≠m-bn. A-°m-e-Øv k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fn-\v {I-ao-Ir-X-am-b ¢m- p-I-tfm A-\p-tbm-Py-am-b ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-I-tfm D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Iq-Sn-h-cp-∂-h¿-°v {]m-b-\n-jv-°¿-jbpw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. th-Z-I-Y-Iƒ {K-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ B-Imw-£-\n-an-Øw a-≤y-h-b-kv-°-cpw k¨-tUkvI - q-fn¬ lm-Pc - m-Imdp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]m-]w, \ym-bh - n[n, hn-izm-kw, c-£, \o-Xo-Ic - W - w, hn-ip-≤o-Ic - W - w XpS-ßn-bp-≈ hn-jb - ß - f - m-bn-cp-∂p B-Zy-Im-eØ - v ]Tn-∏n®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]p-fn-º-≈n ]-≈n-°q-Sw c-≠v ¢m- p-≈ {Km‚ v kvI - q-fm-bn Xo¿-∂t- ∏mƒ A-hn-sS A-≤ym-]I - ∑m-cm-bn h-∂ \m-\m-{X Zm-\n-tb¬-km¿, sh¨-]-dºn¬ tIm-ck - m¿ F-∂n-hc - pw k¨-tU-kI v- q-fn¬ ]Tn∏n-°p-hm≥ Xp-Sß - n. A-t∏m-tg-°pw ¢m- p-If - p-sS hn-`P-\h - pw, ]mTy]-≤X - n-If - p-sS cq-]o-Ic - W - h - p-ap-≠m-bn. Im-e{- I-aØ - n-\p, ]-á - p-°n¬ ]n.sP tPm¨, sh¨-]d-ºn¬ C-{k-tb¬, \-Ym-\n-tb¬ F-∂n-h¿ Cu k¨(\n-cWw sk‚v tacokv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]≈n)

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

tU-kv-Iqƒ {]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn¬ G¿-s∏-s´-¶n-epw \-Ym-\n-tb¬ A-Im-e-N-c-a-Øm-epw, ]n.sP tPm¨ D-tZym-Ke - _ - v[ - n-bm-epw, C-{k-tb¬-km¿ ssh-Zy-hr-Øn kzo- I - c n- ® - X n- \ m- e pw Cu kv Iqƒ-th-eb - n¬ \n-∂pw th¿-s]Sp-Ib - m-Wp-≠m-bX - v. C-°m-eØ - n-\n-Sb - ° -v v ]p-fnº-≈n ]-≈n-°q-Sw A-hn-sS-\n∂pw s]m-fn-®v hm-g∏ - ≈ - n¬ ]p-cbn-SØ - n¬ ÿm-]n-°p-Ib - pw ]n∂o-SX - v hm-g∏ - ≈ - n ]-≈n-°q-Sa - mbn A-dn-bs - ∏-Sp-Ib - pw sN-bX -v p. hm- g - ∏ - ≈ n ]- ≈ n- ° q- S - Ø n¬ {Km‚ v kvI - q-fp-If - pw k¨-tUkvI - q-fpw am-{X-a√ - , H-cp hm-b\ - im-e-bpw A-°m-e-Øv \-S-Øs∏-ń-cp-∂p. "Help Others Union' F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂ Cu hm-b\- i m- e - b p- s S {K- Ÿ - t i- J - c Øn¬ B-bn-cØ - n¬-]c - w ]p-k-v X-Iß - f - pw, Ip-Spw-_{- ]n-bh - m-Zn\n, ⁄m-\-\n-t£-]w F-∂o am-kn-II - f - pw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]pkvX - I - ß - ƒ an-°h - m-dpw ssh-ZoI hn-j-b-ß-sf B-kv-]-Zn-®p≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. B {]-ÿm-\Øn-\p t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In-bn-cp∂-Xv ]-´-ap-°n¬ ]n.sP tPmWpw (]n- ∂ o- S v d- h . ]n.sP. tPm¨) sh¨-]-d-ºn¬ \-Ym\n-tb-epw sh¨-]d - º - n¬ tImc-km-dp-am-bn-cp-∂p. \-Ym-\n-tben-s‚ a-cW - h - pw ]n.sP tPm-Wns‚ D-tZym-Km¿-∞a - p-≈ ÿ-ewam-‰h - pw \n-an-Øw hm-b\ - i - m-em {]-h¿-Ø\ - w X-Ic - m-dn-em-bn. hmb-\° - m-cn¬ A-[n-Ih - pw ap-Xn¿∂ k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ Ip-ń-If - mbn-cp-∂p. sIm-Sp-Ø ]p-kv-X-Ißƒ Xn-cn-®p-hm-ßp-∂X - n¬ {i≤n-°m-sX Xp-S¿-∂v ]p-kv-X-I hn-Xc - W - w \-S∂ - p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂Xn- \ m¬ ]p- k v - X - I - k - © - b w tim-jn-®pw, {]-ÿm-\w £-bn-

150

1870 - 2020

-\n-cWw sk‚v tXmakv am¿tØmΩm ]≈n (Im-´p-\new ]≈n) ®pw, A-ßs - \-bX - v A-Nn-tc-W t\m-Sp-Iq-Sn k¨-tU-kI -v qƒ ]\m-am-h-ti-j-am-bn. "Help Oth- ≈n-bn-te-°v am-‰p-I-bpw A-Xn- °-ńers Union ' ap- { Z- b p- ≈ A- ∂ - s\-Øp-S¿-∂v ]-≈n-°q-Ss sØ ]p- k v - X - I - ß ƒ ÿ- e - S-hpw ]-≈n-∏-d-ºn¬ C-t∏m-gsØ Nn-e `-h\ - ß - f - n¬ C-∂pw sØ co-Xn-bn¬ ]p-Xp-°n ]-WnI-t≠-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. A-∂- I-gn-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. AsØ ]p-kX -v I - ß - ƒ kq-£n-®n- ß-s\ B-cw-`-Øn¬ ]p-fn-ºcp-∂ H-cp A-ea - m-cn-bm-Wv C-∂p ≈n k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fpw ]n-s∂ - ≈ - n k¨-tU-kvI - q-fp-am\-Ωp-sS kv-Iq-fn¬ C-cn-°p-∂- hm-g∏ bn-cp-∂X - v A-∂p-ap-X¬ sb-cp-iXv. \n-c-Ww h-en-b-]-≈n- tew k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fm-bn. A- m-bt- ∏m-tg-°pw a-e¶ - c bn¬ \n-∂pw ]n-cn-™-ti-jw °m-ea -v qƒ Cu `m-KØ - p-≈h - ¿ X-ßƒ-°m- am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kI - n-®p-Ig- n-™nbn H-cp ]-≈n-ÿe - h - pw ]-≈n- k-am-Pw B-hn¿-`h bpw D-≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\p h-f-sc cp-∂p. {]-K-¤-a-Xn-bpw hm-‹nv- n-X\ - pB-Imw-£t- bm-sS B-{K-ln-®p. bpw a-\x-im-k{v- X ]-WU X-ev^ - e - a - m-bn 1903˛¬ C-t∏m-g- am- b n- c p- ∂ hn.]n am- Ω ≥, sØ ]- ≈ n- ÿ - e w hm- ß p- I - _n.F (]n-∂o-Sv d-h. hn.]n am- n-bm-bn. bpw 1905˛¬ C-hn-sS H-cp Xm-ev- Ω≥) k-am-Pw sk-{I-´d °m-en-I ]-≈n-s°-ń-Sw ]-Wn- ]n-∂o-Sv, \-Ωp-sS k¨-tU-kvIq-fp-Iƒ-°p-≠m-b _-lp-ap-Jbp-Ib - pw sN-bvX - p. - hm- g - ∏ - ≈ n ]- ≈ n- ° q- S w am-b A-`n-hr-≤n A-¤p-Xm-hl Po¿-Æn-®pw X-d C-Sn-™pw X- am-bn-cp-∂p. Ip-ń-If - p-sS ]-co-£m-hn-P°-Im-e-Øv ta-®n¬ \-S-ØmsX \-\-s™m-en-®pw hr-Øn- bw A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°m-sX {]mtI-Sm-bn In-S-∂n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ bm-\p-k-c-W-ap-≈ ¢m- p-I-fp- W - w, ]mTy-]≤ - X - n-IA-hn-sS-h-®v k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ sS {I-ao-Ic - W - w, A-≤ym-]\ - \-SØ - m≥ h-fs - c {]-bm-kw A- fp-sS cq-]o-Ic - W - w C-Xym\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ k-a-b- co-Xn-bp-sS \-ho-Ic - W - n-If - n-se-√mw Iq-Sn, 1921 Øm-Wv ]-≈n-s°-ń-Sw D-≠m-b- Zn-kc Xv. ]-≈n-s°-ń-Sw i-cn-s∏-´-Xn- B- b - t ∏m- t g- ° pw \- Ω p- s S

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿tØmΩm ]≈n ]gb Nn{Xw k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fp-Iƒ H-cp \-ho-\ ]-Ÿm-hn-te-°v {]th-in-®p. \-Ωp-sS k¨-tU-kI -v q-fp-Iƒ-°p-≠m-b Cu k-aq-e ]-cn-j° -v m-cØ - n¬ \-Ωp-sS sb-cp-ti-tew k¨tU-kv-Iqƒ k¿-Δm-fl-\m k-l-I-cn-°p-I-bpw A-ßs\ Cu k¨-tU-kI -v q-fn-\p, k¨-tU-kI -v qƒ k-am-PØn-epƒ-s∏-ń-cp-∂ C-Xc - k¨-tU-kI -v q-fp-It- f-°mƒ {]-ap-Ja - m-b H-cp ÿm-\w e-`y-am-Ib - pw sN-bvX - p. h-f-cp-∂ hr-£-ßƒ-°v kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bp-≠m-Ip∂ im-JI - ƒ F-∂t- ]m-se Cu k¨-tU-kvI - q-fn-\pw b-Ym-Im-ew im-Jm k¨-tU-kI v- q-fp-If - p-≠m-bn. A-h N-°m-´p-ti-cn `m-KØ - p-≈ sk‚ v. t]mƒ-kv k¨-tUkvI - q-fpw, Ip-dn-®n-bØ - v `m-KØ - p-≈ k¨-tU-kI -v q-fpw, ]n.B¿ ^m-ISv- d - n `m-KØ - p-≈ k¨-tU-kI v- q-fp-am-Wv. in-ip a-\x-im-kv{- Xw ap≥-\n¿-Øn-bp-≈ ¢m-kv {Iao-Ic - W - ß - f - pw ]mT-]≤ - X - n-If - pw B-hn-j° -v c - n-®v k¨tU-kI v- qƒ ]-cn-j° v- c - n-®X - n-\p ti-jw A-h {]-tbm-KØn¬ h-cp-Øp-∂X - n-\p B-flm¿-∞a - m-bn ]-cn-{i-an-® Hcp ÿm-]-\-am-bn-cp-∂ Cu kv-Iqƒ. b-Ym-hn-[n I-Ym]mTw X-øm¿-sN-øp-∂-Xn-\pw ¢m- p-Iƒ Ip-ń-Iƒ-°v {]-tbm-P\ - I - c - h - pw c-kI - c - h - p-am-°p-∂X - n-\pw A-≤ym-]I-cp-sS ap-s∂m-cp-°w A-Xym-hi - y-as - {X. A-Xn-te-°p 1921 ap-X¬ k¨-tU-kI -v q-fn¬ H-cp ]mT-k÷ - o-Ic - W - ¢m- v \-S-Ø-s∏-´p-h-∂n-cp-∂p. i-\n-bm-gv-N ssh-In-´ptXm-dpw A-≤ym-]I - ¿ H-∂n-®p Iq-Sp-Ib - pw ]mTw X-øm¿ sN-øp-Ib - pw {]m¿-∞\ - \-SØ - p-Ib - pw \n¿-hn-L\ v- w \S-∂p-h-∂p. i-\n-bm-gv-N cm-{Xn {]n-∏-td-j≥ ¢m- n-\p lm-Pc - m-Im-Øh - s - c Rm-bd - m-gN -v ¢m-s -Sp-°p-hm≥ A\p-hZ- n-®n-cp-∂n-√. B k-{º-Zm-bw Cu kvI - q-fn-s‚ H-cp

k-hn-ti-jX - b - m-bn-cp-∂p. C-ß-s\ A-`y-k-\-Øn-s‚ A-Snÿm-\ {]-am-W-ßƒ {]-h¿-Øn-]-YØn¬ F-Øn-°p-hm≥ {]-tXy-Iw ]-cn{i-an-®v, D-Ø-a-co-Xn-bn¬ \-S-Øp-∂-Xn\p D-Zy-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ Cu kv-Iq-fns‚ kzm-[o-\h - e - b - Ø - n¬ h-∂n-´p-≈ ]e¿-°pw Cu A-¥c - o-£Ø - n-s‚ Kp-Ww A-ev] - m-ev] - a - m-bn-s´-¶n-epw A-\p-`h - a - mIm-Xn-cp-∂n-ń-√ X-s∂. cm-Py-Øn-s‚ \m\m-`m-Kß - f - n¬ hn-hn-[ a-WU -v e - ß - f - n¬ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂ \-Ωp-sS C-S-h-Imw-Kß-fn¬ ]-ec - p-tS-bpw kva - c - W - I - f - n¬ A\ym-Zr-iy-am-b Cu kzm-[o-\w D-s≠∂m-Wv R-ßf - p-sS hn-izm-kw. C-∂pw \Ωp-sS C-Sh - I - b - n¬ \-S° - p-∂ B-I¿-jWo-b-am-b B-cm-[-\-bp-sS ]-cn-io-e-\cw-K-hpw Cu k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ X-s∂bm-Wv. C-∂v i-Xm-_Z-v n B-tLm-jn-°p-∂ Cu k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fn-s‚ kp-h¿-Æ-Pq_n-en b-Ym-Im-ew sIm-≠m-Sn-bn-cp-∂p F-∂p-≈X - v C-Øc - p-WØ - n¬ kva - ¿-Øhy-am-Wv. X-’w-_-‘-am-bn \-S-Øn-b ]-cn-]m-Sn-If - pw B-tLm-jß - f - pw kva - rXn-]Y - Ø - n¬ \n-∂pw am-™n-ń-√m-Øh - cm-b Nn-es - c-¶n-epw C-∂s - Ø B-tLmj-ßf - n¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°p-∂h - c - n¬ Im-Wpsa- ∂ v {]- X o- £ n- ° p- ∂ p. A- ∂ - s Ø s]m-Xp-tbm-KØ - n¬ A-≤y-£yw h-ln®pw {]-kw-Kw sN-bvX - pw B k-tΩ-f\ - sØ k-hn-ti-jw A-e-¶-cn-® ]p-Wyt«m-I-\m-b G-{_-lmw am¿-tØm-Ωm Xn-cp-ta-\n, b-»-i-co-c-∑m-cm-b sI. sI Ip-cp-hn-f (Ip-dn-®n-bØ - v) d-h. hn.]n amΩ≥ F-∂n-h¿ "a-cn-® ti-j-hpw..... hnizm-k-Øm¬ kw-km-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-∂'' a-lm-cY - ∑ - m-cs - {X. Cu k¨-tU-kI v- q-fn¬ A-≤ym-]I-hr-Øn A-\p-jvTn-®h - c - n¬ {]m-cw-`{- ]h¿-ØI - c - m-b eq-t°m-kv B-im≥, ]-áp-°n¬ ]-Sn-™m-sd-°-c hm-≤ym¿ F∂-dn-bs - ∏-ń-cp-∂ sN-dn-bm-®≥, F-∂n-hsc-°q-Sm-sX {l-kz-Im-e tk-h-\w \-SØn-bn-cp-∂ \m-\m-{X Zm-\n-tb¬ km¿, ]-´-ap-°n¬ ]n.sP tPm¨, sh¨-]-dºn¬ \-Ym-\n-tb¬, In-W-‰p-I-c sIm-

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

t®m-bn-°p-™,v In-W‰ - p-°c - sI.kn tXm-ak - v F∂n-h¿ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂p. tk-h\ - w Xp-Sß - n a-cn-°p-∂Xp-h-sc Zo¿-L-Im-ew A-≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂ Hcmƒ sh¨-]-d-ºn¬ tIm-c-km¿ B-bn-cp-∂p. Cu k¨-tU-kI v- q-fn¬ Zo¿-LI - m-ew A-≤ym-]I-\pw, sl-Ua v- m-Ãd - p-am-bn-cp-∂ a-Wt- e¬ πm-∏ptg-Øv {io. Fw.]n tPm¿-÷v, G-It- Z-iw 55 h¿j-tØm-fw Cu ÿm-]\ - Ø - n-\p th-≠n A-£oW ]-cn-{i-aw \-S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. H-cp kv-Iqƒ A≤ym-]-I≥ Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂ km-dn-s\ Ip-´n-Iƒ B-Zc - n-°p-Ib - pw _-lp-am-\n-°p-Ib - pw sN-bX -v p-h∂p. A-®-S-°w ]m-en-°p-∂-Xn-\pw {I-a-am-bn ]mTw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂X - n-\pw, Xo-£vW - h - pw b-Ym¿∞-hp-am-b {In-kX v- o-b Po-hn-Xw sN-øp-∂X - n-\pw A-t±-lØ - n-s‚ im-k\ - b - pw D-]t- Z-ih - pw A-t\I-sc k-lm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ Zo¿-LIm-e {]-h¿-Ø-\w kv-a-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. k¨-tUkvI - qƒ hy-hÿ - m-]n-Xa - m¿-§Ø - n¬ F-Øn-bt- ijw A-Xn-s‚ dn-°m¿-Up-If - pw ]-Wh - pw {I-ao-IrX-am-b co-Xn-bn¬ kq-£n-®v Nn-´b - pw A-Sp-°pw hcp-Øn-bX - v, G-sd-°m-ew Cu kvI - qƒ sk-{I-´d - nbm-bn-cp-∂ sh¨-]d - º - n¬ hn.sF am-Xyp B-bncp-∂p. Cu kvI - q-fn¬ tk-h\ - w A-\p-jvTn-®n-´p-≈ A-≤ym-]I - c - p-sS H-cp en-Ãv (ap≥ tc-JI - f - n¬ \n∂v e-`n-®n-St- Øm-fw) A-\y-{X tN¿-Øn-´p-≠v.. H-cp \p-‰m-≠p-Im-ew Cu k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ {]-h¿-Ø\ - w A-`w-Kw Xp-Sc - p-hm-\pw C-∂v \mw \S-Øp-∂X - p-t]m-se H-cp i-Xm-_Z-v n-bm-tLm-jw \S-Øp-hm-\pw k-lm-bn-® ssZ-hI - r-]s - b hm-gØ -v n∏p-I-gv-Øp-∂p. X¬-{]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬ h-f-sc Xym-Kt- Øm-Spw G-sd {]-Xo-£t- bm-Spw Zq-cZ- r-jv-

hf™-h´w F_-t\-k¿ am¿tØmΩm ]≈n sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

Sn-tbm-Spw A-≤zm-\n-°b - pw k-lm-bn-°p-Ib - pw kl-Ic - n-°p-Ib - pw sN-bvX - A-≤ym-]I - c - pw A-h¿°v ]n-¥p-W \¬-In-b C-Sh - I - b - pw am¿-§\ - n¿-t±i-hpw t\-Xr-Xz-hpw \¬-In-b _-lp-am-\s - ∏-´ ]´-°m-cpw A-`n-\μ - \ - o-bc - s - {X. X-ea - p-dI - f - p-sS ""\gvk - d - n-bn¬'' {i-≤n-®p {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂ k¨-tUkvI - qƒ {]-h¿-ØI - c - p-sS tk-h\ - w A-Xo-h {]m[m-\yw A¿-ln-°p-∂p. A-hc - s - {X k-`m-in-e] -v n-Ifp-sS in-e] v- n-Iƒ. ssZ-hm-{i-bt- Øm-Spw Np-aX - e - t_m-[t- Øm-Spw {]m¿-∞\ - m-]q¿-Δw \n¿-Δl - n-°s∏-Sp-∂ Cu th-e-bp-sS Kp-W-^-e-ßƒ {]-Xo£m-Xo-Xa - m-bn-cn-°pw. ]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ \-sΩ G-ev-]n-®-Xpw \mw Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂X - p-am-b Cu `-{Z-Zo-]w a-ßn-s∏m-

N°m-´p-t»cn sk‚v t]mƒkv k¨tU-kvIqƒ {]m¿∞-\m-ebw (]g-b-Nn-{Xw) en-™p-t]m-Im-sX D-Øt- cm-Øc - w D-÷z-en-∏n®v {]-Im-in-∏n-°p-∂X - n-\pw X¬-{]-`b - m¬ At\-I¿ k-Xy-am¿-§w I-≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw tem-IØ - n-s‚ km-£m¬ sh-fn-®h - pw h-gn-bpw k-Xy-hpw Po-h\ - p-am-b tb-ip-{In-kX -v p-hn-s\ c£n-Xm-hm-bn kzo-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n-\pw X-°h - Æ - w ]q¿-Δm-[n-Ia - m-bn Du¿-÷n-Xa - m-bn {]-h¿-Øn°p-sa-∂p C-∂v \-ap-°v {]-Xn-⁄s - N-ømw. Cu Zo-]i - n-J h-ln-®p-sIm-≠p-≈ \-ΩpsS Hm-´w ÿn-cX - t- bm-sS Hm-Sn \-Ωp-sS ip-{iqj A-h-km-\n-°p-tºmƒ \mw G-‰p-hm-ßn-bXp-t]m-se Cu ip-{iq-j A-\¥ - c - X-ea - p-ds - b G-ev] - n-®p \-Ωp-sS A-cp-a\ - m-Ys - ‚ ]-°¬-\n∂pw {]-Xn-^e - w {]m-]n-∏m≥ ]-ca - I - m-cp-Wn-I\m-b ssZ-hw Xp-Wb - v° - s - ´ F-∂ {]m¿-∞\ - tbm-sS C-Xv D-]k - w-lc - n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p.

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

\ncWw sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ

Ncn-{X-Øns‚ \mƒh-gn-I-fn-eq-sS...

tPm¿-Pv h¿-Ko-kv, a´-bv°¬ sh¨]d-ºn¬ (sl-Uv-am-kv‰¿)

k-Xy-th-Z-]p-kv-X-I-Øn-se \n-Xy-kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-s‚ km£n--I-fm-bn-Øo¿-∂ \-Ωp-sS ]nXm-°∑ - m¿ X-ßƒ-°v e-`n-® B≤ym-ﬂn-I-{]-Im-iw X-e-ap-d-I-fnte-°v ssI-am-dp-∂-Xn-\v ssZ-hØn-em-{i-bn-®p sIm-≠v H-∂-c \q-‰m-≠v ap≥-]v X-ß-fp-sS P-∑tZ-ia - mb \n-cW - Ø - n-s‚ a-Æn¬ k¨-tU-kv-Iq-ƒ {]-ÿm-\-Øn\v B-cw-`w Ip-dn-®p. ]p-fnw-]-≈n ]p-c-bn-S-Øn¬ sj-Uv sI-´n ]´-ap-°n¬ bmt°m-_v IØ-\m-cp-sS- t\-Xr-XzØn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ eq-t°mkv Bim≥ {]Y-a-A-[ym-]-I\m- b n B- c w- ` n- ® k¨- t U--k v -

Iqƒ, th-Z] - T - \ - t- Øm-sSm-∏w tZ-ih - m-kn-Iƒ-°v A-dn-hn-s‚ B-Zym-£-c-ßƒ ]-I¿-∂p \¬-Ip∂ ]-≈n-°q-S-am-bn cq-]m-¥-c-s∏-´p. ]p-fnw-]-≈n ]p-c-bn-S-Øn¬ \n-∂v k¨-tUkvI - q-fpw, ]-≈n-°q-Sh - pw hm-g∏ - ≈ - n ]p-cb - n-SØ - nse sI-ń-S-Øn-te-°v ]n-∂o-Sv am-‰n. ]n-∂o-Sv \nc-Ww sb-cp-i-tew ]-≈n-°v th-≠n ÿ-ew hmßn-b-t∏mƒ k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fpw ]-≈n-°q-S-hpw A-hn-tS-bv-°v am-‰n ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´p. A-ß-s\ tZ-i-Øn-s‚ B-≤ym-fln-I-hpw, hn-Zy-`ym-k-]-chp-am-b ap-t∂-‰-Øn-s‚ tI-{μ-am-bn-Øo¿-∂ k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ, sb-cp-itew k¨-tU-kvI - q-fpw, ]-≈n-°q-Sw \n-c-Ww ku-Øv Fw.-‰n.F¬.-]n. kv-Iq-fp-am-bn am-dn. am¿-tØm-Ωm k-`b - n-se c-≠v Xn-cp-ta-\n-am¿, k-`m sk-{I-´-dn, kp-hn-ti-j-kw-Lw P-\-d¬ sk-{I-´-dn F-∂o \n-e-I-fn¬ {]-h¿-Øn-®-h¿ Dƒ-s∏-sS 15¬-∏-cw ]-´-°m¿, k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ k-am-Pw an-j-\-dn-bm-bn {]-h¿-Øn-® In-W-‰p-Ic sI.-kn. tXm-a-kv km¿, kp-hn-ti-j-I-bm-bn Po-hn-Xw \-bn-® Iq-Ø-∏-≈n¬ a-dn-b-°p-ń k\ym-kn-\n, am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ kam-PØ - n-s‚ hn-hn-[X - e - ß - f - n-ep-≈ {]-h¿-Ø\ - ßƒ-°v t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In-b-h¿, cm-jv-{Sw ]-fl{io \¬-In B-Z-cn-® hm-g-∏-≈n¬ tUm. km-apth¬ t]mƒ, Im¿-jn-I, hy-h-km-b cw-K-ßsbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

fn¬ Dƒ-s∏-sS k¿-°m¿ X-eØ - n-epw kz-Im-cy ta-J-e-I-fn-epw {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-h¿, A-≤ym-]I¿, B-Xp-ct- k-h\ - c - w-KØ - v ip-{iq-j sN-øp-∂h¿, km-aq-ly cm-jv-{So-b, B-≤ym-ﬂn-I a-ﬁe-ß-fn¬ hy-‡n-ap-{Z ]-Xn-∏n-®n-´p-≈ A-t\-I hy-‡n-Iƒ Cu k¨-tU-kvI - q-fn-s‚ ]q¿-Δ hnZym¿-∞n K-W-Øn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hm-tcm-tcm Im-e-L-´-ß-fn-em-bn Cu k-¨tU-kI v- q-fn¬ \n-∂pw h-f™ h - ´- w k¨-tU-kvIqƒ, N-°m-´p-ti-cn `m-Kw k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, ]ºm dn-h¿ ^m-Iv-S-dn k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, Ip-dn-®nb- Ø v `m- K w k¨- t U- k v - I qƒ F- ∂ n \m- e p k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fp-Iƒ cq-]o-Ir-X-am-bn. h-f-™h-´w F-_-t\-k¿ k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fpw, N-°m-´pti-cn `m-Kw sk‚ v t]mƒ-kv k¨-tU-kI v- q-fpw C-t∏m-gpw \-√-co-Xn-bn¬ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p. \ncWw tZiw \n-cW - w H-cp ]p-cm-X\ - P-\h - m-kt- I-{μ-am-bncp-∂p. N-cn-{X-tc-JI - f - n¬ \n-cW - w tZ-is - Ø {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂ hn-hc - ß - ƒ - C-Xv sh-fn-hm-°p-∂p. \n-c-W-sØ ss{I-kv-X-h-cp-sS N-cn-{Xw F.-Un. 52 ap-X¬ B-cw-`n-°p-∂p. {In-kv-Xp in-jy-\m-b hn-ip-≤ tXm-a-kv A-t∏m-kv-X-e≥ ]m-bv-°-∏en¬ \n-c-W-Øv tXm-a-Øv I-S-hn¬ h-cn-I-bpw,

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

Xr-°] - m-eo-iz-cw t£-{X-Øn-\v k-ao-]w P-\ß - tfm-Sv kp-hn-ti-jw A-dn-bn-°p-I-bpw, {In-kv-Xphn-izm-kw kzo-Ic - n-® B-Zy hn-izm-kn-Is - f t\¿I-S-hn¬ kv-\m-]-\w \-S-Øp-I-bpw, C-∂v sb-cpi-tew ]-≈n \n¬-°p-∂ ÿ-eØ - v B-Zy-hn-izmkn-I-tfm-sSm-∏w B-cm-[n-®p F-∂pw ]m-c-º-cyam-bn hn-iz-kn-®p h-cp-∂p. \n-cW - w sk‚ v ta-cokv Hm¿-Ø-tUm-Iv-kv tZ-hm-e-bw a-≤y-Xn-cp-hnXmw-Iq-dn-se an-° ss{I-kv-X-h tZ-hm-e-b-ß-fpsS-bpw am-Xr-tZ-hm-e-b-am-bn \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂p. 14-˛mw \q-‰m-≠n¬ Po-hn-®n-cp-∂ I-Æ-»-I-hnI-fp-sS N-cn-{Xw \n-c-W-Øn-s‚ kmw-kv-Im-cn-I ]m-c-º-cy-Øn-s‚ sX-fn-hp-I-fm-Wv. 1888 ¬ ÿm-]n-X-am-b am¿-tØm-Ωm kp-hnti-j {]-kw-K-kw-L-Øn-s‚ ÿm-]-I t\-Xm°-fn¬ H-cm-fm-b Ip-dn-®n-b-Øv h-´-Sn-bn¬ tImcp-f C-´n-b-hn-c (1857˛1935) \n-c-W-Øn-s‚ k¥m-\-am-Wv. am¿-tØm-Ωm ssh-Zn-I-sk-an-\m-cn {]-Y-a {]n≥-kn-∏-epw a-lm-ﬂm-Km-‘n-bp-am-bn A-Sp-

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Ø hy-‡n-_‘ - w D-≠m-bn-cp-∂X - p-am-b Ip-dn-®nb-Øv sI.-sI.-Ip-cp-hn-f km¿, kzm-X-{¥y-k-a-cØn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Ø-h¿-°v t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In-b ap≥-a-{¥n C-e-™n-°¬ C. tPm¨ ^n-en-t∏mkv , F≥.- F - k v . Ir- j v - W - ] n- ≈ (Ex. MLA) F∂n-h¿ \nc-WØ - ns‚ Ncn-{X-Ønse Xnf-°am¿∂ hy‡n-Xz-ß-fm-Wv. lnμp, ap…ow, {InkvXy≥ aX-hn-`m-K-ßƒ, \q‰m- ≠ p- I - f mbn aX kulm¿±- Ø n¬ Ignbp∂ Hcp tZi-amWv \nc-Ww. k¨tU-kvIqƒ {]ÿm\w k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ {]-ÿm-\Ø - n-s‚ B-cw-`w 1780-˛¬ Cw-•-≠n-em-bn-cp-∂p. k¿ tdm-_¿-´v sdbv-Iv-kv F-∂ `-‡-\pw D-∂-X-Ip-e-Pm-X-\p-am-b hy-‡n Cw-•≠ - n-se sXm-gn¬-im-eI - f - n-se tPmen-°v ti-jw Zp¿-am¿-KP - o-hn-Xw \-bn-®n-cp-∂ Ip´n-Is - f-bpw bp-hm-°s - f-bpw I-s≠-Øn A-ht- cmSv ssZ-hh - N - \ - Ø - n-eq-sS ssZ-hk - vt- \-lw ]-¶n-SpI-bpw sN-bvX - X - n-s‚ ^-ea - m-bn A-t\-Is - c ssZh-hg - n-te-°v \-bn-°p-hm≥ I-gn-™p. Cu {]-h¿Ø-\w k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ {]-ÿm-\Ø - n-s‚ Xp-S°-am-bn-Øo¿-∂p. am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIq-ƒ kamPw a-e-¶-c am¿-tØm-Ω k-`-bn¬ k¨-tU-kvIqƒ {]-ÿm-\w B-cw-`n-®X - v 1905-˛¬ B-Wv. A∂v \n-c-Ww Dƒ-s∏-sS 52-˛¬-∏-cw k¨-tU-kvIq-fp-I-sf Dƒ-s°m-≈n-®p sIm-≠v B h¿-jsØ am-cm-a¨ I¨-h≥-j-\n¬ h-®v k-am-Pw cq-]o-Ir-X-am-bn. ]n¬-°m-e-Øv h-μy Zn-hy-{io hn.-]n. am-Ω≥ I-»o-» B-bn-Øo¿-∂ {io. hn.]n. am-Ω≥ B-bn-cp-∂p {]-Y-a P-\-d¬ sk-{I-´dn. \ncWw sbcp- i tew k¨tU- k vIqƒ Bcw`w \n-cW - w sb-cp-itew ]-≈n B-cw-`n-°p-∂X - n\v 35 h¿-jw ap≥-]v 1870-˛¬ ]-´-ap-°n¬-h-I ]pfnw-]-≈n ]p-c-bn-S-Øn¬ \n-c-W-Øv \-ho-I-c-W B-i-b-Øn-\v [o-c-am-b t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In-b ]´-ap-°n¬ bm-t°m-_v I-Ø-\m-cp-sS t\-Xr-XzØn¬ sh¨-]-d-ºn¬ eq-t°m-kv B-im≥ {]Y-a A-≤ym-]I - \ - m-bn k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ {]-ÿm\w B-cw-`n-®p. a-e-bm-f-Øn-te-°v hn-h¿-Ø-\w sN-bv-X th-Z-]p-kv-X-Iw A-[n-I-am-cp-sS-bpw ssI-bn¬ e-`y-a√ - m-Xn-cp-∂ B Im-eØ - v th-Z] - pkv-X-I k-Xy-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-I F-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fn-s‚ ap-Jy-e-£yw.

th-Z-]p-kv-X-I k-Xy-ßƒ a-\- n-em-°n-b hn-izm-kn-Iƒ \-ho-Ic - W - B-ib - w Dƒ-s°m-≠v ]-´-ap-°n¬ A-®-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ]p-fnw-]≈n ]p-c-bn-S-Øn¬ D-≈ sj-Un¬ Iq-Sn h-∂v B-cm-[n-®n-cp-∂p. ]´-ap-°n¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿ (1841-˛1914) ]-´-ap-°n¬ bm-t°m-_v I-Ø-\m¿ (]-´-ap°n¬ h-ey-®≥) ]-´-ap-°n¬ Ko-h¿-Ko-kv I-Ø\m-cp-sS a-I\ - pw \n-cW - w ]-≈n hn-Im-cn-bp-am-bncp-∂p. a-e¶ - c - b - n¬ D-≠m-b \-ho-Ic - W - B-ib - ß-fn¬ D-d-®p-\n-∂ ]-´-ap-°n-e-®≥, `-‡-\pw kp-hn-ti-j-X¬-∏-c-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. \n-c-W-sØ c-≠v am¿-tØm-Ω tZ-hm-e-b-ß-fp-sS-bpw ÿm]-I-hn-Im-cn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂ ]-´-ap-°n¬ A-®-t\msSm-∏w Ip-dn-®n-b-Øv Ko-h¿-Ko-kv I-Ø-\m-cpw \-ho-I-c-W B-i-b-ß-fn¬ D-d-®p \n-∂p. sh¨-]-d-ºn¬ eqt°mkv Bim≥ (1840-˛1910) k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fn-s‚ {]-Y-a A-≤ym-]-I-\mb eq-t°m-kv B-im≥, kw-kv-Ir-X `m-jm ]fin-X\ - pw, `-‡\ - pw D-W¿-Δv {]-kw-KI - \ - pw Bbn-cp-∂p. tIm-´-bw kn.-Fw.-F-kv tIm-tf-Pn¬ `m-jm A-≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂ A-t±-lw th-Z-]pkv-X-I X¿-÷-a-bn-epw G¿-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. a-≤y-Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se ss{I-kv-X-h B-flo-b D-W¿hn-\v t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In-b eq-t°m-kv B-im-s\°p-dn-®v {Sm-h≥-Iq¿ tÃ-‰v am-\p-he - n-epw, k-` {]kn-≤o-I-cn-® Po-h-\m-f-ßƒ F-∂ ]p-kv-X-IØn-epw tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. BZy-Ime {]h¿Ø-I¿ sb- c p- i - t ew k¨- t U- k v - I q- f n- s ‚ B- Z ysØ A-≤ym-]-I≥ sh¨-]-d-ºn¬ eq-t°m-kv B-im-\m-bn-cp-∂p. A-t±-l-tØm-Sv tN¿-∂v ]-áp-°n¬ ]-Sn-™m-td-°-c sN-dn-bm-®-\pw (hm≤ym¿) Ip-sd-°m-ew ]Tn-∏n-®p. Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn Zo¿- L - I m- e w tk- h - \ - a - \ p- j v T n- ® sh¨- ] - d ºn¬ tIm-c km-dn-s‚ tk-h-\-ßƒ {]-tXy-Iw {]-kvX - m-hy-am-Wv. Xp-S¿-∂v \m-\m-{X Zm-\n-tb¬ km¿, sh¨-]-d-ºn¬ C-{km-tb¬, \-Ym-\ntb¬ F-∂n-h¿ k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ {]-h¿-Ø-\Øn-\v t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In. Iq-Sm-sX In-W-‰p-I-c sIm-t®m-bn-°p-™v, In-W-‰p-I-c sI.-kn. tXma-kv F-∂n-h-cp-sS-bpw tk-h-\w e-`n-®p. Cu k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fn¬ Zo¿-L-Im-ew A≤ym-]-I-\pw sl-Uv-am-Ã-dpw B-bn-cp-∂ a-Wsbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

te¬ πm-∏p-tg-Øv Fw.-]n. tPm¿-Pv km¿ G-ItZ-iw 55 h¿-jt- Øm-fw Cu ÿm-]\ - Ø - n-\v A\p-{K-lo-X t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In-bn-´p-≠v. A-t±-lØn-s‚ Zo¿-L-Im-e {]-h¿-Ø-\w kv-a-c-Wo-bam-Wv. sh¨-]-d-ºn¬ {io. hn.-sF. am-Xyp, h-fsc h¿-jß - ƒ sk-{I-´d - n-bm-bn {]-h¿-Øn-°p-Ibpw k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ dn-°m¿-Up-Iƒ {I-ao-IrX-am-bn kq-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\v {i-≤n-°p-I-bpw sNbv-Xp. \m-\m-{X F≥.-Un. tXm-a-kv, a-W-en¬ sI.-sI. Nm-≠n, a-W-en¬ Fw.-sI. a-dn-bm-Ω, \m-\-{X I-fo-°¬ F≥.-Pn. D-Ω≥, sh¨-]-dºn¬ hn.-sI. D-Ω≥, Nn-d° - ¬-∏d - º - n¬ kn.-sI. Ip-cp-hn-f, Iq-Ø∏ - ≈ - n¬ sI.-hn. sN-dn-bm≥, \m\m-{X ]p-Ø≥-]p-c-bn¬ F≥.-sI. km-ap-th¬, Nm-e° - m-ń¬ sI.-sP. tXm-ak - v, sh¨-]d - º - n¬ hn.-sF. tPm¿-Pv, In-W-‰p-I-c sI. Fw. Ip-cp-hnf, am-Wn-∏-d-ºn¬ tXm-a-kv Ip-cy≥, km-dm-Ω Ip-cy≥ (tam-fn-°p-ń), am-Ø≥-]d - º - n¬ Ip-cy≥ h¿-Ko-kv, ]m-d-Øp-ti-cn¬ a-dn-bm-Ω tPm¿-Pv, hn-g-en¬ hn.-F. h¿-Ko-kv, ]-≈n-®n-d Ip-t∂¬ sI.-Pn. am-Xyp, a-W-en¬ Fw.-kn. A-∂-Ω, ]mc-bn¬ ]n.-hn. G-en-bm-Ω, hm-Wn-b-]p-c-bv-°¬ X-¶-Ω C-Sn-°p-f F-∂n-h-cp-sS tk-h-\-ßƒ CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ kv-a-cn-°p-∂p. Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn 43 h¿-jw A-≤ym-]-I≥, sk{I-´-dn, sl-Uv-am-Ã¿ F-∂o \n-e-I-fn¬ Bflm¿-∞-am-b tk-h-\w sN-bv-Xv k¨-tU-kvIqƒ {]-h¿-Ø\ - s - Ø ]p-tcm-KX - n-bn-te-bv° - v \bn-® a-´-bv-°¬ tPm¿-÷-p-Ip-ń i-ap-th-en-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ {]-tXy-Iw {]-kv-Xm-hy-am-Wv. ]mTy-]-≤Xn am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ k-am-Pw Bc-`n-°p-∂X - n-\v h-fs - c ap≥-]v X-s∂ sb-cp-itew k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ B-cw-`n-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ BZyw {I-ao-Ir-X-am-b ¢m- p-I-tfm ]mTy-]-≤-Xntbm D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. th-Z-]p-kv-X-I-I-Y-I-sf B-kv-]-Z-am-°n hn-izm-kw, c-£, \o-Xo-I-c-Ww ap-X-em-b hn-j-b-ß-fm-Wv B-Zy-Im-e-Øv ]Tn∏n-®n-cp-∂X - v. k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ k-am-Pw ]mTy-]≤-Xn cq-]o-Ic - n-®v {]-kn-≤o-Ic - n-°m≥ Xp-Sß - n-bXv ap-X¬ A-X-\p-k-cn-®v ¢m-kp-Iƒ \-S-Øn-hcp-∂p. slUvam-Ã¿am¿ sh¨-]-d-ºn¬ eq-t°m-kv B-im≥, tIm-ckm¿ F-∂n-h¿-°p-ti-jw a-W-te¬ πm-∏pt-gØv Fw.-]n. tPm¿-Pv G-It- Z-iw 35 h¿-j° - m-ew sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

sl-Uva - m-Ãd - m-bn {]-K¤ - t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In. Nnd-°-∏-d-ºn¬ kn. -sI. Ip-cp-hn-f, Nm-e-°m-ń¬ sI. -sP. tXm-a-kv, sh¨-]-d-ºn¬ hn.- sF. tPm¿-Pv, am-Wn-∏-d-ºn¬ Fw. tXm-a-kv Ip-cy≥, hn-ge - n¬, hn.- F. h¿-Ko-kv, ]-≈n-®n-d° - p-t∂¬, sI.- Pn. am-Xyp, a-´-bv-°¬ tPm¿-÷p-Ip-ń i-apth¬ F-∂n-h¿ Cu k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fn-s‚ {]-Yam-≤ym-]I - c - m-bn {]-ik - X v- t- k-h\ - w \n¿-Δl - n-®n´p-≠v. 2011 ap-X¬ sh¨-]d - º - n¬ tPm¿-÷v h¿Ko-kv sl-Uva - m-Ãd - m-bn tk-h\ - w A-\p-jvTn-°p∂p. sk{I-´-dn-am¿ sh¨]-dº - n¬ hn. s - F. amXyp Bbn-cp∂p BZyIme sk{I-´-dn, Zo¿L-Imew At±lw sk{I-´-dn-bmbn tkh\w A\p-jvTn-®p. Nme°m-ń¬ -sI.- sP. tXma-kv, sh¨]-d-ºn¬ hn. -sF. tPm¿Pv, amWn-∏-d-ºn¬, Fw. tXmakv Ipcy≥, InW-‰p-Ic, {io. _m_p amXyp, ]≈n®n-d-°p-t∂¬, {io. sI.-Fw. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿, a´-bv°¬, tPm¿÷p-Ipń imap-th¬, InW-‰pIc, tUm. amXyp tXma- k v, \m\m{X ]pØ≥]pc-bn¬ {ioaXn kn\n F{_lmw F∂n-h¿ sk{I-´d - n-am-cmbn {]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. Ch-cpsS tkh-\-ßsf \μn-tbmsS Hm¿°p∂p. Ct∏mƒ ]mc-bn¬ {io. tPm¨ ]n. h¿°n sk{I-´-dn-bmbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. {Sj-dm¿ BZy- I mew apX¬ k¨tU- k vIqƒ sk{I- ´ - d n- a m¿ Xs∂ slUv a m- Ã ¿am- t cmSv tN¿∂v [\-]-c-amb Imcy-ßƒ \n¿Δ-ln-®pt]m-cp-∂ ]Xn-hm-Wv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ 2010 apX¬ kamPw `c-W-L-S-\m-\p-k-c-Wambn {Sj-dm-tdbpw sXc-s™-Sp°pI-bp-≠mbn. 2018 hsc InW-‰p-Ic tUm. amXyp tXmakv {Sj-d-dmbn {]h¿Øn-®p. ]´-ap-°n¬ {ioaXn kmdmΩ h¿Kokv Ct∏mƒ {Sj- d - d mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. _me-k-amPw Ipń- I - f psS k¿K- h m- k \ hf¿Øp- ∂ Xn\pw t\XrXz ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-\p-ambn _mek-amPw {]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p. {]kn-U‚mbn aW- ∏ - d - º n¬ {InÃn amXyp _nt\mbnbpw sk{I- ´ - d n- b mbn ]d- b ≥]- d - º n¬ do_m F¬km ^nen∏pw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. ]q¿Δ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ `mKy-kva-c-Wn-b-\mb tUm. kJ-dn-bmkv

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

hmg-∏-≈n¬ tUm. kmap-h¬ t]mƒ C≥Uy≥ {]knU‚v tUm. G.-]n.-sP. A_vZpƒ Iem-an¬ \n∂pw ]ﬂ{io ]pc-kvImcw G‰p-hm-ßp∂p

am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv k{^-K≥ sa{Xm-t∏meoØm, tUm. {KntKm-dn-tbmkv am¿ kvtX^mt\mkv F∏n-kvtIm-∏m, ]tc-X-cmb Nme-°m´n¬ sI.- sP. ^nen∏v A®≥, aW-te¬ πm∏ptgØv tPm¿÷v Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ A®≥, InW‰p- I c sI. Fw. tPm¿÷v A®≥, kPoh tkh-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw hnc-an® ]mdm-Øp-t»cn¬ dh. tUm. kÆn tPm¿÷v A®≥, Ct∏mƒ - k - P o- h - t k- h - \ - Ø n- e m- b n- c n- ° p∂ Nme-°m-´n¬ tPm¿÷v tXmakv A®≥, ]mcbn¬ G{_lmw ]n. h¿°n A®≥, tNcn-°¬ sdPn sFk°v A®≥, k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ hn_n-Fkv Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ]¶m- f n- b mbn- c p∂ ]≈n- ® nd Ipt∂¬ dh. kn_p ]≈n-®nd, ap≥ thƒUv _m¶v AssUzkdpw [\-Im-cy hnZ-Kv≤-\p-ambncp∂ hmg-∏-

≈n¬ ]fl-{io. tUm. Fkv. t]mƒ XpS-ßn-bh¿ Cu k¨tUkvIq-fns‚ A`n-am-\-am-Wv. 150˛mw h¿j-Øn¬ ]q¿Δ-hn-Zym¿∞n-I-fmb ]´- a p- ° n¬ Bjnjv sNdn- b m≥ h¿Kokpw amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ {InÃn Fw. Ipcy\pw sshZnI skan- \ m- c n- b n¬ ]T\w \S- Ø p∂p F∂Xv Gsd kt¥m-j-I-c-amb Imcy-am-Wv. iXm_vZn BtLmjw 1970 ¬ kt≠-kvIq-fns‚ iXm_vZn kapNn- X - a mbn BtLm- j n- ° p- I - b p- ≠ m- b n. iXm_v Z n BtLm- j - ß - t fm- S - \ p- _ - ‘ n®v Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ \n¿Δ-ln-®p. 1. CS-h-I-bpsS AXnYn aμn-cw-]-Wn-°mbn ]Ww kw`m-h\ sNbvXv sk‚n-\dn satΩm-dnb¬ …m_v ÿm]n-®p. 2. Hcp kvac-WnI {KŸw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. 3. Hcp iXm_vZn ]ªnIv ao‰nwKv \S-Øn. 4. Ipń-Iƒ°p B≠p-tXmdpw {]tXy-I-kΩm-\-ßƒ \¬Ip-hm-\mbn Hcp XpI ÿnc \nt£-]-ambn th¿Xn-cn-®p. iXm_vZn ktΩ-f\w 1970 BKÃv amkw 9˛mw XobXn amXyqkv am¿ AØ-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A≤y-£-X-bn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-´p. dh. ^m. tUm. Fw.- hn. tPm¿Pv (tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvØm-Øo-tbmkv sa{Xmt∏m- e n- Ø m) dh. tUm. sI.- sI. tPm¿Pv , s{]m^. ]n. F. tPm¨ F∂n-h¿ apJymXn-YnI- f m- b n- c p- ∂ p. iXm_v Z n ]cn- ] m- S n- I - f psS I¨ho-\¿ kvac-WnI FUn-‰¿ F∂o -\n-e-Ifn¬ amWn- ∏ d- º n¬ Fw. tXmakv Ipcy≥ km¿ {]h¿Øn-®p. hn.-_n.-F-kv. CSh-I-bn-tebpw Np‰p]m-Sp-ap≈ hnhn[ k`m-hn`m- K - ß - f n¬s∏´ IpńIƒ°v G‰hpw kt¥m-jI-chpw {]tbm-P-\-I-c-hpamb Hcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bs{X Ah-[n-°me thZ-]T - \ - ¢ - mkp- I ƒ. Ign™ 50- ˛ ¬∏cw h¿j- ß - f mbn Cu ]cn-]mSn k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ \SØn-h-cp-∂p. hn.-_n.-F-kv. I¨ho- \ ¿ F∂ \nebn¬ ]e h¿j- ß - f n¬

CS-hI KÃv lukv

38 38

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨sbcp-ti U-tew kv-Iam¿qƒ,tØm\ncWw Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Bflm¿∞- a mbn tkh\w sNbv X n- ´ p≈ IqØ-∏-≈n¬ h’Ω Ipcys‚ tkh-\-ßsf IrX-⁄-X-tbmsS kvacn-°p-∂p. ¢mkp-Iƒ, {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ sbcp- i tew k¨tU- k v I qƒ CS- h - I bnepw tZiØpw C∂v kPoh km£yw \n¿hln- ® p- s Im- ≠ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. t\gv k dn apX¬ {]uU hIp-∏p-h-sc-bp≈ 13 ¢mkp-I-fn-embn 63 Ipń-Iƒ A`y-kn-°p-∂p. F√m Rmb-dmgv N bpw D®- I - g n™v 1.30 \v kt≠- k v I qƒ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. ]m´p-]-cn-io-e-\-Øn-\p-tijw Ipń- I - f psS t\Xr- X z- Ø n- e p≈ Bcm- [ - \ , ]mTw hmb- \ - I ƒ, CX- c - I - e m- ] - c n- ] m- S n- I ƒ F∂nh {Ia-ambpw Nn´-bmbpw \S-Øs - ∏-Sp-∂p. Ipń-I-fpsS Iem-hm-k-\-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂Xn\v klm-bI - a - mb ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ {Iao-Ic - n-°p∂p. sk‚¿, `{Zm-k-\w, kamPw Xe-ß-fn¬ {Iao-I-cn-°p-∂ F√m ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fnepw IpńIfpw A≤ym-]-Icpw kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-°p∂p. kamPw _ncpZv ]co-£-bnepw sk‚¿, `{Zm- k \ a’- c - ß - f nepw \ΩpsS Ipń- I ƒ A`n-am-\I - c - a - mb ÿm\-ßƒ Ic-ÿa - m-°p-∂Xn¬ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p. Ipń-Iƒ°mbn anj≥ Sqdp-Iƒ, D√m-k-bm-{X-Iƒ F∂nhbpw kwLSn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. Km\-]-cn-io-e\w ˛ IYm-I-Y\w B-Zy-Im-ew ap-X¬-s° Km-\] - c - n-io-e\ - Ø - n\pw I-Ym-I-Y-\-Øn-\pw k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ h-fsc {]m-[m-\yw \¬-In-bn-cp-∂p. sd-t°m-Unw-Kv ku-I-cy-ß-sfm-∂pw \n-e-hn¬ C-√m-bn-cp-∂ Im-eL - ´- Ø - n¬ am-cm-a¨ I¨-h≥-j\ - pw a-‰pw t]m-bn ]-e B-h¿-Øn tI-´p ]Tn-® ]m-´p-Iƒ i-cn-bm-b Syq-Wn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ hn-ZKv≤cm-b A-≤ym-]-I¿ \-ap-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \m-\m{X F≥.-Un. tXm-am-km¿, F≥.-Pn. D-Ω≥ km¿ (sIm-®p-Æp-Æn km¿), am-Wn-∏-d-ºn¬ tam-fn°p-ń km¿ F-∂n-h-cp-sS tk-h-\-ßƒ Cu kμ¿-`-Øn¬ kv-a-cn-°p-∂p. Ip-ń-Iƒ-°v B-I¿-jI - a - m-b co-Xn-bn¬ I-YI-fn-eq-sS ssZ-hh - N - \ - k-Xy-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xn¬ hn-ZK - v≤cm-b A-≤ym-]I - ¿ \-ap-°p-≠m-bncp-∂p. Iq-Ø-∏-≈n¬ sI.-hn. sN-dn-bm≥ (s]m∂-®≥ km¿), sI. Fw. Ip-cp-hn-f km¿, hn. sF. tPm¿-Pv km¿ F-∂o A-≤ym-]-I-cp-sS ip{iq-j-I-tf-bpw C-hnsS kv-a-cn-°p-∂p.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

Ct∏m-gsØ A≤ym-]-I¿ GtIm-Zc ktlm-Z-c-ß-sf-t∏mse {]h¿Øn-°p-∂- Hcp Iq´w A≤ym-]-I-cs{X kt≠kvIq-fns‚ apX¬°q-´v. A≤ym-]-I-cpsS t]cphn-hcw dnt∏m¿ń¬ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. k¨tU-kvIqƒ tI{μ-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fnØw Cu k¨tU-kvI - q-fn-s‚ ]q¿-Δ hn-Zym¿-∞nI-fpw A-≤ym-]-I-cp-am-bn-cp-∂-h¿ k¨tU-kvIqƒ {]-ÿm-\-Øn-\v {i-t≤-b-am-b t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In-bn-´p-≠v F-∂-Xv {]-tXy-Iw {]-kv-Xm-hyam-Wv. ]n.sP. tPm¨ ]´-ap-°n¬ (dh. ]n.sP. tPm¨), P-\-d¬ sk-{I-´-dn hn.-]n. am-Ω\-®t\m-sSm-∏w k-am-PØ - n-s‚ ÿm-]I - Im-cy-ka - nXn-bn¬ {]-h¿-Øn-®n-´p-≠v. In-W‰ - p-Ic - sI. kn. tXm-a-kv km¿, k¨tUkv-Iqƒ k-am-Pw an-j\-dn F-∂ \n-eb - n¬ A-\p-{K-lI - c - a - m-bn {]-h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. a-W-te¬ πm-∏p-tg-Øv Fw. ]n. tPm¿-Pv km¿, sk‚¿ C≥-ks v- ]-ISv- ¿, Un-k{v- SnIv-‰v Hm¿-K-ss\-k¿ F-∂ \n-e-I-fn-epw In-W-‰pI-c {io. sI.-Fw. Ip-cp-hn-f sk‚¿ C≥-kv-s]Iv-S¿, Un-kv-{Sn-Iv-‰v Hm¿-K-ss\-k¿ F-∂ \n-e-Ifn-epw, sh¨-]d - º - n¬ hn.-sF. tPm¿-÷v, a-´b - v°¬ {io. tPm-Wn-°p-ń im-ap-th¬ F-∂n-h¿ sk‚¿ C≥-ks v- ]-ISv- ¿-am-cm-bpw {]-h¿-Øn-®n-´p≠v. a-´-bv-°¬, {io. tPm¿-÷p-Ip-ń im-ap-th¬ sk-‚¿ sk-{I-´-dn-bm-bn {]-h¿-Øn-®n-´p-≠v. C-t∏mƒ In-W-‰p-I-c tUm. am-Xyp tXm-a-kv \n- c - W w Un- k v - { Sn- I v - ‰ v Hm¿- K - s s\- k - d m- b pw sh¨-]-d-ºn¬ tPm¿-Pv h¿-Ko-kv sk‚¿ {S-jd-dm-bpw k-am-Pw Hm-ô-kv {]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-bpw ip-{iq-j \n¿-Δ-ln-°p-∂p. Im-em-Im-e-ß-fn¬ C-S-h-I-bn¬ tk-h-\w sN-bv-Xn-´p-≈ ssh-Zn-I¿, ]m-´p-Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°phm-\pw I-YI - ƒ lr-Zy-am-bn ]-d™ p sIm-Sp-°phm-\pw k¿-tΔm-]-cn ssZ-h-h-N-\w Ip-™p-a-\ p-If - n¬ ]-d™ p \¬-Ip-hm≥ Ir-] e-`n-® A≤ym-]-I¿, kv-t\-l-\n-[n-I-fm-b Ip-™p-ßƒ, am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, C-Sh - I - P-\ß - ƒ, tZ-ih - m-knIƒ F-√m-htcm-Spw Ir-X⁄ X - A-dn-bn-®p-sIm≠pw I-gn-™ 150 h¿-j-°m-ew \n-c-Ww sb-cpi-tew k¨-tU-kI v- q-fn-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø\ - ß - f - n¬ hym-]-cn-® F-√m ssZ-h-Ir-]-bpw Hm¿-Øp ssZh-k∂ - n-[n-bn¬ kvX - p-Xn kvt- Xm-{X-ßƒ A¿-∏n®p-sIm-≠v Cu kw-£n-]v-X-N-cn-{Xw D-]-kw-lcn-°p-∂p.

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

{InkvXob ]cn-t]m-j-W-Øns‚ t\¿h-gn-Iƒ

dh. tUm. kÆn tPm¿÷v ]mdm-Øp-t»-cn¬ (C-S-h-Imw-Kw)

\-ho-I-c-W D-]-tZ-i-ßƒ kzo-I-cn®-h¿ \n-c-Ww sk‚ v ta-co-kv bm-t°m_m-b ]-≈n-bn¬ \n-∂pw ]-´a - q-°n¬ bmt°m-_v I-Ø\ - m-cp-sS t\-Xr-Xz- Ø - n¬ ]pfn-º≈ - n¬ ]p-cb - n-SØ - n¬ 1870 ¬ B-cw-`n® k¨-tU-kvI - q-fn-s‚ Xp-S¿-®b - m-Wv Ct∏mƒ i-tXm-Øc - kp-h¿-Æ P - q-_n-en BtLm-jn-°p-∂ \-Ωp-sS k¨-tU-kI -v qƒ. kn.-Fw.-Fk - v. h-I 37½ sk‚ v ÿew hm-ßn Im-´p-\n-eØ - v \n-cW - w sk‚ v tXm-ak - v ]-≈n 1893 ¬ ÿm-]n-Xa - m-bn. F∂m¬ In-g° - p-`m-KØ - p-≈ Ip-´n-If - p-sS ]T\-Øn-\m-bn ]p-fn-º≈ - n kvI - qƒ Xp-S¿-∂pt]m-∂p. \n-cW - w Xr-°] - m-eo-iz- c - w in-ht- £{X-Øn-\p k-ao-]w t\¿-IS- h - n-t\m-Sp tN¿∂p-≈ ]p-c-bn-S-Øn¬ am¿-tØm-Ωm «olm-bm¬ ÿm-]n-Xa - m-b H-cp B-cm-[\ - m-ebw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p F-∂ ]m-cº - c - yw \n-ehn-en-cp-∂p. ]-co-Xm-im-s‚ ssI-hi - a - m-bn-

cp-∂ B `q-an hm-ßn A-hn-sS H-cp ]-≈n ]-Wn-bp-hm-\p≈ {i-aw B-cw-`n-®p. ]-co-Xm-im-\v a-°f - n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. B ÿ-ew ]-≈n-°p \-eI -v n-bm¬ ssZ-hw a-°s - f \-e-v In A-\p-{K-ln-°p-sa-∂v hm-g∏ - ≈ - n¬ ]u-tem-®≥, ]co-Xm-im-t\m-Sv \n-c¥ - c - w B-h¿ - Ø - n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-Ir-]b - m¬ A-h¿-°v H-cp a-I≥ ]n-d∂ - p. k-t¥m-jtØm-sS ]-≈n-b° -v m-bn ÿ-ew hn-eb - ° -v v \¬-In ]-coXm-im-\pw Ip-Spw-_h - pw ]p-\e - q¿-°v Xm-ak - w am-‰n. ÿew hm-ßn ]-≈n h-bv-°p-hm≥ t\-Xr-Xzw \-ev-In-b-hcn¬ ]-´-aq-°n¬ bm-t°m-_v I-Ø-\m¿, \m-emw-then¬ tPm¿-÷v I-Ø\ - m¿, X-eh - S- n In-gt- ° X-e° - ¬ am-Ø® - ≥ I-Ø\ - m¿ ap-Xe - m-bh - ¿ t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In. 1906 ¬ ÿm-]n-Xa - m-b \-Ωp-sS ]-≈n-°v sb-cp-itew F-∂ t]-cv \n¿-t±-in-®X - v bm-t°m-_v I-Ø\ - m¿ B-bncp-∂p. ]p-fn-º≈ - n kvI - qƒ sI-ń-SØ - n-\v _-ew £-bn-®t∏mƒ C-Xn-\-Iw X-s∂ kv-Iqƒ hm-g-∏-≈n ]p-c-bn-SØn-te-°v am-‰n ÿm-]n-®n-cp-∂p. A-∂v c-≠mw ¢m-kv h-sc-bp-≈ kvI - q-fn-s\m-∏w _m-ek - a - m-Ph - pw G-Xm-≠v 1000 ]p-kX v- I - ß - t- fm-sS ‘Help others Union’ F-∂ t]cn¬ H-cp {K-Ÿm-eb - h - pw kvI - qƒ sI-ń-SØ - n¬ {]-h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p. {I-ta-W ]-≈n-∏p-cb - n-SØ - n-te-°v kvI - qƒ am-‰n-sb-¶n-epw C-t∏m-gpw X-t±-ih - m-kn-Iƒ hm-g∏ - ≈ - n kvI - qƒ F-∂m-Wv Cu hn-Zym-eb - s - Ø t]¿ hn-fn-°p-∂Xv. 1905 s^-{_p-h-cn 25 \v i-\n-bm-gv-N am-cm-a¨ I¨-h≥-j≥ ]-¥-en¬ h-®v Zn-h-y {io ô-en-t∏m-kv I-»o-im-bp-sS A-≤y- £ - X - b - n¬ Iq-Sn-b {]-tXy-I tbmK-Øn-em-Wv "a-e¶ - c - am¿-tØm-Ωm kp-dn-bm-\n {In-kvsbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

t\¿°-Shv

Xym-\n k¨-tU-kI v- qƒ k-am-Pw' Hu-tZ-ym-Kn-Iam-bn cq-]h - e - v° - c - n-®X - v. B-cw-`n-®t- ∏mƒ X-s∂ \-Ωp-sS k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ Dƒ-s∏-sS 52 k¨tU-kI -v q-fp-If - pw 234 A-≤y- m-]I - c - pw 2074 hn-Zy- m¿∞n-I-fpw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xm-bn tc-J-Iƒ Im-Wn°p-∂p. tem-I k¨-tU-kI -v qƒ {]-ÿm-\Ø - n-s‚ D-]⁄ m-Xm-hv tdm-_¿-´v sd-bvI - vk - v B-Wt- √m. Cw-•-≠n-se •u-k-Ã¿ ]-´-W-Øn-s‚ tN-cn-Ifn¬ h-gn-]n-g® - v Ip-‰I - r-Xy- ß - f - n¬ A-Is - ∏-´v Ae-™p Xn-cn-™n-cp-∂ Ip-ń-If - p-sS kz-`m-h cq-]h-X° -v c - W - Ø - n-\m-bn 1780 I-fn¬ tdm-_¿-´v sd-b-v Ivk - pw kvt- \-ln-Xc - pw tN¿-∂v cq-]w sIm-Sp-Ø sN-dn-b Ip-ń-°q-´ß - f - m-Wv {I-ta-W A-Jn-et- emI k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ {]-ÿm-\a - m-bn h-f¿-∂v ]¥-en-®X - v. \-Ωp-sS k¨-tU-kvI - q-fn¬ F-s∂ in-iph-Ip-∏n¬ tN¿-°p-∂X - v 1961 ¬ B-bn-cn-°mw. ]m´p-I-fp-sS A-`-y-k-\-tØm-sS-bm-W-t√m k¨tU-kI -v qƒ B-cw-`n-°p-∂X - .v ]p-Xn-b {In-kX -v o-b ]m-´p-Iƒ F-hn-sS tI-´m-epw A-Sp-Ø Rm-bd - mgvN - A-Xv Ip-ń-Is - f ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂X - n¬ _-≤{- i≤-\m-bn-cp-∂p I-fo-°s - e sIm-®p-Æq-Æn km¿. k¨-tU-kI -v qƒ an-j\ - d - n B-bn-cp-∂ In-W‰ - p-Ic sI.-kn. tXm-ak - v km¿ an-j\ - d - n-am-cp-sS km-lkn-I N-cn-{X-ßƒ hn-hc - n-°p-tºmƒ H-cp an-j\ - dn-bm-bn Xo-cW - w F-∂ B-{K-lw D-≈n¬ P-\n°pw. a-≤y- h - I - p-∏n¬ A-≤ym-]I - \ - m-bn-cp-∂ sI.sP. tXm-a-kv (Nm-e-°m-ń¬ tXm-Ωm-®m-b≥) B-cm-bn-Øo-c-Ww F-∂ B-{K-lw Ip-ń-I-sf sIm-≠v ¢m- n¬ ]-db - n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. H-cp sshZo-I\ - m-Im≥ B-{K-ln-°p-∂p F-∂v ¢m- n¬ ]d-™X - v C-t∏m-gpw F-s‚ Hm¿-Ωb - n-ep-≠.v kvt- \l-tØm-sS-bpw I-cp-Xt- em-sS-bpw C-Ss - ]-´ F-√m Kp-cp-°∑ - m-cp-sS-bpw t]-cp-hn-hc - ß - ƒ tc-Js - ∏-SpØp-I km-[y- a - √ - t- √m. F-∂m¬ A-hc - p-sS {]m¿∞-\b - pw k-Zp-]t- Z-iß - f - pw F-s‚ Po-hn-Xs - Ø sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

[-\y- a - m-°n F-∂X - v \n- w-ib - w km-£n-°p-hm≥ km-[n-°pw. \-Ωp-sS k¨-tU-kI v- q-fn-s‚ {]-Ya sl-Uv-am-Ã¿ B-bn-cp-∂ eq-t°m-kv-B-im≥ tIm-´b - w kn.-Fw.-Fk - v tIm-tf-Pn¬ kw-kI v- r-X A-≤ym-]I - \ - m-bn-cp-∂p. \-Ωp-sS k¨-tU-kI v- qfn¬ ]Tn-® Ip-dn-®n-bØ - v {io. sI. sI. Ip-cp-hnf A-ta-cn-°b - n¬ \n-∂v Fw.-F. _n.--Un. _n-cp-Zw t\-Sn-b ti-jw tIm-´-bw Fw.Sn. sk-an-\m-cn ssl-kI v- qƒ sl-Ua v- m-Ãd - m-bpw Xp-S¿-∂v 1927¬ ssh-Zo-I sk-an-\m-cn ÿm-]n-Xa - m-bt- ∏mƒ A-Xns‚ {]-Ya - {]n≥-kn-∏e - m-bpw tk-h\ - a - \ - p-jT v n-®p. 1925 am¿-®v 15\v ssh°w k-Xy-{K-lh - p-am-bn _‘-s∏-´v Km-‘n-Pn tIm-´bØv F-Øn-bt- ∏mƒ A-¥n-bp-d-ßm≥ Km-‘n-Pn kz-bw Xn-c-s™-SpØ-Xv km-aq-ly ]-cn-jI -v ¿-Øm-hv Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂ {io. sI.-sI. Ip-cp-hn-fb - p-sS `-h\ - a - m-Wv F-∂X - v kva - c - W - o-ba - m-Wv. H-cp Im¿-jn-I ]-cn-k-c-Øn-em-Wv R-ßsfm-s° P-\n-®p h-f¿-∂X - v. C-∂v Un-Pn-‰¬ bp-KØn-em-Wv Ip-ń-Iƒ P-\n-®p h-fc - p-∂X - .v A-hc - n¬ N-cn-{X-t_m-[h - pw {In-kX v- o-b hn-iz- m-kØ - n-e[ - njvTn-Xa - m-b Po-hn-X{- I-aß - f - pw kr-„n-°p-I {i-aI-ca - m-b A-≤z- m-\a - m-Wv. ù-Xn-I {]-Xn-ê - ß - ƒ H-∂p-an-s√-¶n¬ X-s∂-bpw \-Ωp-sS A-≤y- m-]I - ¿ Cu cw-KØ - v am-Xr-Im-]c - a - m-bn X-ßf - p-sS ip-{iqj \n¿-Δ-ln-°p-∂p F-∂-Xv «m-L-\o-b-am-Wv. A-hc - p-sS D-Zy- a - Ø - n¬ \m-apw ]-¶p tN-cp-tºmƒ A-\p-{K-lo-Xc - m-b X-ea - p-dI - ƒ \-ap-°p-≠m-hpw F-∂X - m-Wv N-cn-{Xw \-evI - p-∂ km-£n ]-{Xw.

Xr°-]m-eo-izcw inh-t£{Xw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

{InkvXo-bPo-hn-X-Øns‚ \ocp-dh

dh. kJ-dnb tPm¨

am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS t{]jn-Xt- h-eb - psS ^eambn ÿm]n-Xa - mb k]vX tZhm-eb - ß - f - n-sem-∂m-Wt√m \ncWw sbcp-itew tZhm-ebw. C∂sØ sbcp-itew tZhm-eb ÿm]-\-Øn\p apºp-Xs∂ Cu {]tZ-iØv k¨tU- k v I qƒ A`- y - k \w Bcw- ` n- ® n- c p- ∂ p- s h- ∂ Xv \ΩpsS ]q¿Δn-I-cpsS hnim-e-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ sXfn-hm-Wv. Cw•ojv anj-\d - n-am¿ XpS°w Ipdn® hnZ-ym-`y- mk k{º-Zmbhpw Rmb-dm-gvNsØ ss__nƒ ¢m p-Ifpw \ΩpsS tZi-Øn-s‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ \Sp-\m-b-I-Xzw hln-®p. ae¶c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS A\p-aX - n-tbmsS anj-\d - n-am¿

(ap≥ hnIm-cn)

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

kpdn-bm\n ]≈n-I-fn¬ thZm-[-ym-]-\hpw {]mY-anI hnZ-ym-`-ym-khpw \S-Øn-bXv B[p-\nI hnZym-`-ym-kØn\v ASn- Ø d ]mIn. CØ- c - Ø n¬ A`y- k \w kn≤n-®-h-cmWv Cu {]tZ-iØv Pohn-®n-cp∂ \ΩpsS ]q¿Δn-I¿ F∂Xv IrX-⁄-Xm-]q¿Δw kvacn-°mw. tbminbm cmPm- h ns‚ ImeØv sbcp- i tew tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ tISp-]m-Sp-Iƒ Xo¿°p∂ kμ¿`Øn- e mWv lnev ° obm ]ptcm- l n- X ≥ tami- b psS \nba{KŸ-®p-cpƒ Is≠-Sp-ØXv. XpS¿∂v cmPmhpw {]P-Ifpw tZhm-eb - Ø - n¬ IqSn-h∂v {]kvXpX Npcpƒ hmbn-®p-tIƒ°bpw ssZhnI DS-ºSn ]pXp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv ka-{K-amb Hcp \ho-I-c-W-Øn\v \mμn Ipdn®p (2 Zn\. 34, 35). Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fpsS hmb\bpw hym-J-ym-\hpw blqZ kn\-tKm-Knse Ahn-`mPy LS- I - ß - f m- W v . blqZ {Inkv X - y m- \ n- I - f m¬ XpS°w Ipdn® BZna ss{IkvXh k`-bnepw AXv XpS¿∂p-h-∂p. ae¶c k`m Ncn- { X- Ø n¬ 1809 ¬ I≠- \ mSv ]≈n-bn¬ tN¿∂ 50¬ ]cw CS-hI - I - f - psS {]Xn-\n-[ntbmKw ssIsIm≠ kp{]-[m\ Xocp-am-\-ß-fn-sem∂mWv Ipń-I-fpsS aX-t_m-[-\w. ]pen-t°m-ń¬, ]p∂{X Zoh-∂m-tk-ymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-cpsS ImeØv (1816-˛25) ae-¶-c-bn-se-Ønb kn.-Fw.-F-kv. anj-\-dn-{Xbw s_bven, s^≥, t_°¿ F∂n-h¿ ss__nƒ X¿÷-a, sshZn-Im-`-y-k-\w, hnZ-ym-`-ymkw F∂o taJ-eI - ƒ°v KW-ya - mb kw`m-h\ - I - ƒ \evIn. ae-¶c k`-bn¬ 1836 ¬ XpS°w Ipdn® \ho-I-c-WØn\v t{]c- I - a m- b Xpw hn. thZ- ] p- k v X - I - Ø ns‚ hnh¿Ø-\hpw hnX-c-Whpw hym-J-ym-\-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂Xv {it≤-b-am-Wv. I¿Ωm-Nm-c-ß-fn¬ A[n-jvTnX-am-bn-cp∂ aXm-fl-IX Xncp-h-N\ tI{μo-Ir-X-am-btXmsS hy-‡n-Po-hn-Xhpw kmaq-ly- P - o-hn-Xhpw ka-{Kamb hy-Xn-bm-\-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-bn. C{]-Imcw ae¶-c-bn¬ Bcw-`n® k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤-y-b-\-Øn\v \ho-Ic - W - ] - £ - Øv Dd®p\n∂-hc - psS CS-bn¬ KWyamb kzm-[o\w sNep-Øp-hm≥ Ign-™p. 1905 apX¬ am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIqƒ kamPw {Iao-Ir-Xambn {]h¿Øn®h-cp-∂p. k¨tUkvIqƒ kz-`mh cq]-h¬°-cW - Ø - ns‚ ]n≈-sØm-ń-em-Wv. ss{IkvXh inip°-fpsS {]Ya- ]m-T-ime IpSpw-_-am-sW-¶nepw {Iao-Ir-X-amb {InkvXo-bm-≤-y-b\w \S-°p-∂Xv k¨tU-kvIq-fn-emWv. Ah-[n-°me thZ-]-T\ ¢m p-Ifpw kp{]-[m-\amb ]¶v \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂p. {InkvXp tI{μo-Ir-X-amb Hcp Pohn-Xs - si-en-bmWv ChnsS XpS-°a - n-Sp-∂X - v. IfnI-fn-eq-sSbpw IY-I-fn-eq-sSbpw ]m´p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

ssZh-kvt\-l-sØ-∏-‰nbpw ]cn-]me- \ - s Ø- ∏ - ‰ n- b p- a p≈ _me- ] m- T ßƒ ckm- h - l - a mbn Ip™pßƒ°v lrZn-ÿ-am-°p-hm≥ Ignbp-∂p. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ \ΩpsS Ip™p- ß ƒ°v k¨tU- k v I qƒ A`-y-k\w \„-am-ImsX {i≤n-t°≠Xv Ah-iyw Bh-iy- a - m-Wv. ""-ss]X-ßsf Fs‚-b-Sp-°¬ hcp-hm≥ hnSp-ho≥; Ahsc XS-bc - p-Xv'' F∂ {InkvXp-\m-Ys‚ Bl-zm\w F°me-sØ-bpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-Sp-≈Xm-Wv. ""-_m-e≥ \S-t°-≠p∂ hgnbn¬ Ahs\ A`-y-kn-∏n° Ah≥ hr≤-\m-bmepw AXp hn´p-am-dp-Ib - n√'' "If character is lost, everything is lost" F∂o sNm√p- I ƒ \mw D- ƒ s°m≠v \ΩpsS Cfw-Xe - a - p-dsb hf¿Ø- W w. _me- \ mb tbip ⁄m\- Ø nepw hf¿®- b nepw apXn¿∂p- h - c p- h m≥ CS- b m- ° n- b Xv `h\w, kn\- t Km- K v , tZhm- e bw F∂n-hb - n-eqsS e`n® in£-Whpw Dƒ°m-gvN-I-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. k¨tU-kvIqƒ kmaq-ly Pohn-X-Øns‚ ASn-Ød sI´p-]Wn sNøp- ∂ p. `h- \ sØ k`- t bmSv _‘n-∏n-°p∂ kp{]-[m\ IÆnbmWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ. a\p-j-y≥ kmaq-ly Pohn-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ _‘ß-fn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp PohnX- s si- e nbn¬ hf- t c- ≠ - X p- ≠ v . hnhn[ {]m-b-°m-tcmSp _‘-s∏-´p am{Xta Btcm-K-y-I-c-amb hf¿® km≤y-am-I-bp≈p. C°m-c-y-Øn¬ k¨tU-kvIqƒ \n¿Æm-bI kzm[o-\-amWv Hcp inip-hn\v \¬Ip-∂Xv. hni-zh - n-im-eX - b - n¬ Nn¥n-°p-∂Xn\pw {]mtZ-inI Xe-Øn¬ I¿Ω\n-c-X-cm-Ip-∂-Xn\pw Ign-bp-tºmgmWv \mw DØa ]uc-cm-bn-Øo-cp∂-Xv. \mw A[n-h-kn-°p∂ {]tZiw temI- Ø ns‚ Hcp sNdnb IWnI am{Xsa∂pw \mam-bn-cn-°p-∂bnSw ipNn-Xz- a - p-≈Xpw at\m-lc - h - pam- ° p- t ºmƒ AXv kaq- l - t Øm-

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Sp≈ \ΩpsS ISa \n¿Δ- l - W - a msW∂pw Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. No man is an Island F∂Xv tImhnUv F∂ alm-am-cn-bpsS hni-z-h-ym-]-\Øn¬ \n∂pw \ap°v t_m≤-ya - m-bn-cn°p-∂p. kmaq-ly-Po-hn-bmb a\p-jy\v sIm≠pw sImSpØpw am{Xta Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bq. Adn-hv, Ign-hv, hn`- h - ß ƒ F∂nh kz- c q- ] n®p hbv°p-∂-Xn-e-√, ]¶n-Sp-∂-Xn-emWv al-Xzw F∂v \sΩ CØcw A\p-`h- ß ƒ t_m- ≤ y- s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ p. kmtlm-Z-cyhpw ka-`m-h-\bpw Zo\m\p-I-ºbpw \sΩ DØa hy-‡n-I-fm°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-Wv. k¨tU-kvIqƒ {InkvXo-b-Pohn-X-Øns‚ \ocp-d-h-bm-Wv. ssZhØns‚ ]nXr- X - z hpw a\p- j ys‚ kmtlm- Z - c - y - h p- a mWv ss{Ikv X h hni- z m- k - Ø ns‚ BWn- ° - √ v. {InkvXp-hm-Ip∂ Xe-tbmfw hf¿∂psIm- ≠ n- c n- t °≠ Hc- \ p- ` - h - a mWv {InkvXo-b-Po-hn-Xw. Bbp-jv°mew \ofp∂ Cu hf¿®- b psS XpS°w Ipdn- ° p- ∂ Xv k¨tU- k v I q- f n- e msW-∂Xv Gsd {][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. k¨tU-kvIq-fn¬ ap≥Im-e-ß-fn-ep≠m- b n- c p∂ \p≈cn tiJ- c - W hpw km[-\t- e-eh - p-sa√mw CXns‚ _me]m-T-ß-fmWv inip-°-fpsS a\- n¬ tImdn- b n- ´ n- c p- ∂ - X v . Poh≥ \ne\n¿Øp-∂-Xns‚ D]m-[n-bmb `£Whpw Im¿jnI hnf-hp-I-fp-sams° kz-¥-bm-h-i-y-ßƒ°p am{X-ap-]-tbmKn-°msX Ah-bn-√m-Øh - sc Hm¿°p∂-Xn\pw Icp-Xp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ IS-∏mSmWv ChnsS ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \nX-y-Po-h-\n-te-°p≈ \ocp-d-h-bpsS t{imXkv Is≠-Øp-hm≥ k¨tUkv I qƒ A≤- y - b \w \n¿Æm- b I ]¶mWv hln-°p-∂-Xv. k¨tU- k v I qƒ A`- y - k \w e`n® Hcp hy‡nbpw e`n-°mØ Hcp hy- ‡ nbpw XΩn- e p≈ hy- X - y mkw ]e- ta-J-e-bnepw Gsd {]I-S-am-Wv. thZ-]c - n-⁄m\w thZ-]p-kvXI - t- Øm-

Sp≈ kao-]-\w, k`-tbm-Sp≈ {]Xn-_-≤-X, kaq-l-tØm-Sp≈ ImgvN-∏mSv Ch-bn¬ AP-KPm-¥c - a - p-s≠-∂Xv Ahn-X¿°n-Xa - m-Wv. \ΩpsS Ip´nIƒ hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Øn\pw tPmen-°p-ambn `h-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hnZq-c-ÿ-e-ß-fn-te°p t]mIpI C°m-eØv k¿Δ-km-[m-c-W-am-Wt√m. {InkvXob ]cn-t]m-jWw th≠{X e`n°mØ F{Xtbm Ip´n-Iƒ Zni-am-dn-t∏m-Ip∂p F∂Xv \mw AXo-h-Ku-c-h-ambn ImtW-≠-Xp≠v. {InkvXob Pohn-XØ - n¬ Xmev]c - y- a - n-√msX Intercaste marital relationships, Praise & Worship

XpSßnb \qX\ Bcm-[\m ssien-It- fm-Sp≈ B`n-ap-Jyw Ch-sb√mw ]e-tcbpw k`-bn¬ \n∂pw AS¿∂p- t ]m- I p- h m≥ CS- b m- ° p- ∂ p. tcmKw h∂n´v NnIn- ’ n- ° p- ∂ - X nepw t`Zw tcmKw hcmsX t\m°p-I-bm-Wv. Dbn¿sØ-gpt∂‰ I¿Ømhv Keo-e-I-S¬°sc h®v ]t{Xmkn\v sImSpØ \ntbm-K-ß-fn¬ BZ-y-tØXv Fs‚ Ip™m-Sp-Isf tabv°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p. sN∂m-bv°ƒ°v A\m-bmkw X´n-sb-Sp°m-hp-∂Xv B´n≥]-‰-Ønse Ip™m-Sp-I-sfbm-W-t√m. BZna k`-bn¬ \pg-™p-I-b-dp∂ ISn-®p-Io-dp∂ sN∂m-bv°-sf-∏‰n ]usemkv «olm ap∂-dn-bn∏p \evIp-∂Xv XnI®pw {it≤b-amWv (As∏m. {]. 20:29). AXn-\m¬ Ip™mSp-Isf `pP-Øn¬ FSpØp amtdm-S-W-°p∂ \√ CS-bs‚ amXr-Ib - n¬ (sb-i.40:11) \ΩpsS Cfw-Xe - a - p-dsb I¿Øm-hns‚ Acp-a- a°-fmbn hf¿Ømw, A`-y-kn-∏n-°mw. Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnse ]≈n Bcm-[-\bpw k¨tU-kvIqƒ ¢m p-Ifpw {]m¿∞-\m-°q-´ß-fp-sa√mw XpS¿®-bmbn CZw-{]-Y-a-ambn apSßnb kml- N - c yw I\Ø BLm- X - a mWv \ap°v hcp-Øn-b-Xv. _m_n-tem¨ \Zn-I-fpsS Xoc- Ø n- c p∂v kotbms\ Hm¿Øp Ic™ {]hm-kn-I-fmb bn{km-tb¬ a°-sf-t∏mse \mw Bbn- c n- ° p∂ Cu \mfp- I - f n¬ sNdp{]mbw apXte IpSpw-_Ø - n-eq-sSbpw k¨tUkvIq-fn-eq-sSbpw e`n® {InkvXob ]cn-t]m-jW-Øn-\mbn kvtXm{Xw sNømw. amXm-]n-Xm°ƒ Kpcp-P-\-ßƒ F∂n-h¿°mbn \μn-b¿∏n°mw. ssZh-h-N\w IS-em-kn¬ \n∂pw lrZ-bam- I p∂ amwk- ∏ - e - I - b n¬ Bg- a mbn BteJ\w sNbvXv cm∏-I¬ [ym-\n-°p-∂h - c - m-bn-Øocmw. Xncp- h - N \w \ΩpsS Imen\p Zo]hpw ]mXbv°p {]Im-i-hp-am-I-s´. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

\ncWw sbcpitew CShIbn¬ \n∂pw k¨tUkvIqfn¬ \n∂pw F\n°p e`n®n´p≈ {]tNmZ\w Zn.{io.sI.sP.^n-en-∏v I»oi, Nme-°m´n¬ (C-S-h-Imw-Kw)

(iXm_vZn kvamcI {KŸ-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv)

\n-cW - w sb-cp-itew k¨-tU-kvI - q-fns‚ i-Xm-_v-Zn kw-_-‘n-®p {]-kn-≤-s∏-SpØp-∂ kv-am-c-I-{K-Ÿ-Øn-\p H-cp te-J-\w B-h-iy-s∏-´p-sIm-≠v hn-Im-cn-b-®≥ A-b-® F-gp-Øm-Wv C-sX-gp-Xp-hm≥ F-s∂ t{]-cn-∏n®-Xv. am-Xr C-S-h-I-sb-∏-‰n F-\n-°p-≈ kv-ac-W G-‰-hpw A-`n-am-\-I-c-hpw Ir-X-⁄-Xm \n¿-`c - h - p-am-Wv. C-Sh - I - s - b-∏‰ - n-bp-≈ kva - c - W - Iƒ hn-hc - n-°p-hm≥ ]m-Sn-√m-Ø k-t¥m-ja - mWv a-\ - n¬ P-\n-∏n-°p-∂X - v. \n-cW - w h-en-b]-≈n-bn¬ \n-∂pw hn-´p-am-dn sb-cp-itew C-Sh-I ÿm-]n-°m≥ C-Sb - m-b km-lN - c - y-ßs - f∏-‰n ]n-Xm-°-∑m-cn¬ \n-∂pw tI-´p a-\- n-em°n-bn-´p-≠v. \n-c-Ww h-en-b ]-≈n-bp-sS kzØpw, {]-Xm-]h - pw, s]m≥-Ip-cn-ipw a-‰pw D-t]£n-°m≥ \-Ωp-sS P-\-ßƒ k-∂-≤-cm-b-Xv A-{_-lmw a-ev-]m-\-®-s‚ \-ho-I-c-W hn-izmk-{]-am-W-ß-tfm-Sp-≈ _-lp-am-\w sIm-≠mWv. \n-c-Ww ]-≈n-bp-sS {]-[m-\ hn-Im-cn-bmbn-cp-∂ _-lp. ]-´-ap-°n-e-®≥ B ÿm-\w kz-a\ - k - m D-t]-£n-®v A-∂v ]m-hs - ∏-´ G-Xm\pw B-fp-Iƒ-°v kp-[o-c t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In I-Æp-\o-cn¬ B-cw-`n-®-Xm-Wv C-∂-sØ sbcp-i-tew ]-≈n. ]-´-ap-°n-e-®-∑m-cp-sS Xym-K\n¿-`c - a - m-b tk-h\ - ß - ƒ H-cn-°e - pw hn-kva - c - n°-s∏-Sp-Ib - n-√. {In-kvX - p-in-jy-∑m-cn¬ H-cp-h\m-b hn. tXm-a-kv A-s∏m-kv-X-e≥ tI-c-fØn¬ G-gp ]-f-fn-Iƒ ÿm-]n-®-Xn¬ H-cp ]≈n \n-c-W-Øp ]-≈n-bm-sW-∂v s]m-Xp-sh hn-iz-kn-°s - ∏-´p-hc - p-∂p. B-cw-`I - m-ew ap-X¬ ]-´-ap-°n¬ Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se A-®-∑m¿ \n-cWw ]-≈n-bp-sS hn-Im-cn-am-cm-bn tk-h\ - w A\p-jvTn-®n-´p-≠v. ]-´a - p-°n¬ h-ey-®∑ - m-cp-sS Dsbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

d-® ssZ-hm-{i-bw, Xym-Kk - ∂ - ≤ - X - C-h Fs‚ lr-Z-b-Øn¬ \-∂m-bn ]-Xn-™n-cp∂p. \ncWw k¨tUkvIqƒ am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ k-amPw B-cw-`n-°p-∂X - n-\p h-fs - c ap-ºp-Xs - ∂ \n-c-W-Øp H-cp k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ B-cw-`n®n-cp-∂p. A-Xn-s‚ B-cw-`{- ]-h¿-ØI - c - m-b sh¨-]-d-ºn¬ eq-t°m-kv B-im≥ ap-Xem-b ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-cpw `-‡-∑m-cp-am-b Nne-sc-°p-dn-®v h-f-sc sN-dp-∏-Øn¬ tIƒ°m≥ C-S-bm-bn-´p-≠v. B Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ßfm-b "tIm-ck - m¿' "am-Øp-°p-ń km¿' C-hscm-s° F-s‚ A-≤ym-]-I-cm-bn-cp-∂p. hf-sc sN-dp-∏-Im-ew ap-X¬ Rm≥ k¨tU-kv-Iq-fn¬ tN¿-∂p ]Tn-®p. B Im-eØv \n-cW - w sb-cp-itew k¨-tU-kI v- qƒ h-f-sc {]-i-kv-X-am-b \n-e-bn¬ \-S-Ø-s∏ń-cp-∂p. In-W‰ - p-Ic - {io. sI. kn tXm-ak - v k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ an-j\ - d - n F-∂ \n-eb - n¬ Ip-ń-I-fp-sS C-S-bn¬ i-‡n-bm-b H-cp {Inkv-Xo-b kzm-[o-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-t±-l-Øns‚ {]-h¿-Ø\ - ^ - e - a - m-bn A-t\-Iw ss]-Xß-fpw bp-hm-°-fpw {In-kv-Xp-hn-s\ c-£nXm-hm-bn kzo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ C-S-bm-bn-´p-≠v. C-t∏mƒ hr-≤-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂ A-t±-l-Øns‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \-SØ - n-bn-´p-≈ Nn-e anj≥ Sq-dp-If - n¬ kw-_‘ - n-®n-´p-≈X - v F-\n°v {]-tNm-Z\ - w \-evI - n-bn-´p-≠v. 1925˛-¬ Be-∏p-g I-S¬-∏p-d-Øv h-®v hn. ]n am-Ω-\®≥, {io. ]n. H km-ap-th¬ F-∂n-h¿ \-SØn-b {]-`m-j-W-ß-fp-sS Hm¿-Ω C-∂pw lr-Z-b-Øn¬ \n-∂pw am-™p-t]m-bn-ń-√.

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

k¨-tU-kI v- qƒ {]-h¿-Ø\ - Ø - n¬ Du¿-÷k - z-eX-tbm-sS Zo¿-L\ - mƒ {]-h¿-Øn-® H-cp t\-Xm-hmWv {io. Fw. ]n tPm¿-÷v. k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ A≤ym-]-I≥, C≥-kv-s]-Iv-S¿ Cu \n-e-I-fn-se-√mw A-t±-lw kvX - p-Xy¿-la - m-b tk-h\ - w A-\p-jvTn-®n´p-≠v. A-t±-l-Øn-\p F-∂n¬ ]p-{X-\n¿-Δn-ti-jam-b kv-t\-l-hpw, hm-’-ey-hpw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {In-kv-Xo-b ip-{iq-j sX-c-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p {]Xy-£a - m-bpw ]-tcm-£a - m-bpw {io. tPm¿-÷v F-\n°p \¬-In-bn-´p-≈ k¬-t{]-c-W {]-tXy-Iw kv-ac-Wo-b-am-Wv. AhnkvacWobcmb Nne hy‡nIƒ hn. ]n am-Ω-\-®-s‚ C-S-h-I k-μ¿-i-\w, k¨-tU-kI v- qƒ k-μ¿-i\ - w C-h F-√m-hc - pw IuXp-I-tØm-sS ho-£n-®n-cp-∂p. A-®-s‚ Kw-ò-c-amb {]-`m-jW - ß - f - pw, \¿-Ω k-√m-]ß - f - pw, k-`m-`‡n-bpw, [o-c-X-bpw sN-dp-∏-°m¿-°p h-f-sc t{]c-W \¬-In-bn-´p-≠v.A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ Po-hn-X-hpw k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fpw X-Ωn¬ A-t`-Zy-am-bn _-‘s∏-ń-cp-∂p. "k-μ¿-in-\n-bn¬' A-®≥-Xp-S¿-®-bmbn F-gp-Xn-bn-cp-∂ te-J-\-ßƒ {]u-V-hpw hn⁄m-\-{]-Z-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Rm-b-dm-gv-N B-cm-[-\bn¬ A-°m-eØ - v sb-cp-itew ]-≈n-bn¬ kw-_‘n-®n-´p-≈ Nn-e hy-‡n-I-sf a-d-°m≥ {]-bm-kam-Wv. ta-ev-]m-S-Øp hm-ep-Nn-d-ta¬ A-h-dm-®≥, \m-\m-{X Zm-\n-tb¬ D-]-tZ-in, h-´-Sn-bn¬ Ip-ń-bΩm-®≥, ]-´-ap-°n¬ tbm-l-∂m-∏n-km¿ (]n-∂o-Sv A-®≥) {io. sI. kn tXm-ak - v, {io. Fw.]n tPm¿÷v ap-X-em-b hy-‡n-Iƒ Rm-b-dm-gv-N ip-{iq-jIƒ \-SØ - p-Ib - pw sN-bX v- n-´p-≠v. Nn-e {]-kw-Kß - fp-sS ssZ¿-Lyw F-\n-°p Zp- l - a - m-bn tXm-∂n-bn´p-≠v. (Nn-e¿ c-≠p a-Wn-°q¿ k-a-bw {]-kw-Kn°p-am-bn-cp-∂p) F-∂m¬ {]-kw-K-ß-fn¬ \n-g-en®n-cp-∂ B-flm¿-∞-X, sX-fn-™ ssZ-h-hn-i-zmkw C-h F-{X-bpw D-∂X - a - m-bn-cp-∂p. ]-Øp a-Wn°p B-cw-`n-°p-∂ ip-{iq-j c-≠p a-Wn-h-sc \o≠p t]m-bn-´p-≠v. sIm-®p-Ip-ń-If - pw {]m-bw sN-∂h-cpw Ip-sd-sbm-s° D-d-ßp-am-bn-cp-∂p. C-S-°n-S°p ta-i-∏p-d-Øp-≈ {]-kw-K-I-cp-sS A-Sn H-cp-hn[-Øn¬ k-lm-b-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. hm-ep-Nn-d-ta¬ A-h-dm-®≥ kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-s‚ \n-d-Ip-S-am-bn-cp∂p. A-©p h-b- p {]m-bw ap-X¬ ]-≈n B-cm-[\-bn¬ F-s∂ Iq-ń-s°m-≠p t]m-Ip-∂-Xv F-s‚ h-√-y-∏-\m-bn-cp-∂p. A-Øm-gw I-gn-™p A-t±-lw F- s ∂ th- Z - ] p- k v - X - I - Ø n¬ \n- ∂ pw ]- d - ™ p tIƒ-∏n-®n-cp-∂ I-YI - ƒ F-{X c-kI - c - a - m-bn-cp-∂p

F-∂p Hm¿-°m-dp-≠v. ho-´n¬ e-`n-® {Inkv-Xo-b ]-cn-io-e-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-sS k¨tU-kvI - q-fn-epw ]-≈n-bn-epw e-`n-® k¬t{]-c-W-Iƒ F-s‚ Po-hn-X-Øn¬ A-hnkv-a-c-Wo-b L-S-I-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. CS-h-I-bnse Nne ]´-°m¿ ]-´-ap-°n-se h-e-y-®-∑m-sc-°p-dn-®v F-\n-°p \-√ Hm¿-Ω-bn-√. Rm≥ sslkv-Iq-fn¬ ]T-\w B-cw-`n-® Im-e-Øv CS-hI - b - n¬ hn-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂X - p \m-emwth-en¬ tPm¿-÷v A-®-\m-bn-cp-∂p. A®-s‚ A-I-hpw ]p-d-hpw H-cp-t]m-se sh◊-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-∂v A-®-∑m¿-°v Xm-ak-Øn-\p-≈ ]-≈n-ho-Sp C-√m-Xn-cp-∂X - psIm-≠v Nn-et- ∏mƒ R-ßf - p-sS ho-´n-epw A-®≥ Xm-ak - n-®n-´p-≠v. A-®s - ‚ ip-{`-hkv-{Xw, Np-h-∂ Xp-hm-e, \-c-® ao-i, BI¿-j-I-am-b B-cm-[-\, {]-kw-Kw C-h Rm≥ C-t∏m-gpw \-∂m-bn kv-a-cn-°p-∂p≠v. A-®-s\ ]-≈n-bn¬ Im-Wp-tºmƒ H-cp ssZ-h-Zq-X-s‚ kv-a-c-W-bm-Wv P-\n°p-∂-Xv. Cw-•o-jv ss_-_n-fn-s‚ kmln-X-y-`w-Kn-sb-∏-‰n F-t∂m-Sp kw-km-cn°-bpw Cw-•o-jv ss_-_nƒ hm-bn-°p-∂Xn-\p F-s∂ A-®≥ t{]-cn-∏n-°b - pw sNbv-Xn-´p-≠v. \m-emw-th-en¬ A-®-s‚ Ime-Øm-Wv sb-cp-itew k¨-tU-kvI - q-fns‚ h-{P-Pq-_n-en B-tLm-jn-°-s∏-´-Xv. A- ∂ p A- ` n- \ - b n- ° - s ∏- ´ {]- l - k - \ Øn¬ "B-tam-kn-s‚ `m-Kw' Rm≥ A-`n\-bn-®X - v Hm¿-°p-∂p. A-®s - ‚ ti-jw ]e ]-´° - m-cpw b-cp-itew ]-≈n-bn¬ t{ijvTa - m-b tk-h\ - w A-\p-jvTn-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-cn¬ F-\n-°p A-hn-kv-a-c-Wo-b≥, Ing-t°-Ø-e-°¬ tP-°-_v A-®-\m-Wv. A-®-s‚ Im-e-Øm-Wv ]p-Xn-b ]-≈n-bpsS ]-Wn ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-b-Xv. ]-≈n-]Wn-°p-th-≠n A-®≥ h-f-sc I-„-s∏-´p {]-h¿-Øn-®n-´p-≠v. A-®≥ kvt- \-lk - º - ∂-\pw \n-jv° - f - ¶ - \ - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-®≥ C- S - h - I hn- I m- c n- b m- b n- c p- ∂ Im- e - Ø v Rm≥ _n.-F. ]m- m-bn B-e∏ - p-g ssh.Fw.-kn.-F.-bn¬ sk-{I-´d - n-bm-bn tPm-enbn¬ {]-th-in-®p. A-hn-sS \m-ep-h¿-jw tPm-en-bn¬ Xp-S¿-∂p. B Im-e-Øv F\n-°v G-{_-lmw am¿-tØm-Ωm Xn-cp-ta-

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

\n-sb I-≠p-ap-´p-hm≥ C-Sb - m-bn. ssh.-Fw.-kn.-F. {]-h¿-Ø\w D-t]-£n-®p, k-`b - p-sS tk-h\ - Ø - n-\p h-tc-≠X - n-s‚ Bh-i-y-sØ-°p-dn-®v Xn-cp-ta-\n \n¿-_-‘-]q¿-Δw F-s∂ {]t_m--[n-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F-\n-°p A-∂p tPm-en D-t]-£n°p-∂X - n-\p Nn-e {]-Xn-_‘ - ß - ƒ C-√m-Xn-cp-∂n-√. Ip-Spw-_Øn¬ [-\k - w-_‘ - a - m-b {]-bm-kw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂X - p-sIm-≠v C-f-b k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cp-sS ]T-\w Ip-sd-Iq-sS km-[n-®n-´p Rm≥ ssh-Zn-I ]T-\-Øn-\p t]m-bm¬ sIm-≈m-sa-∂p Fs‚ A-∏-\v B-{K-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Iq-Sm-sX H-cp ]-´-°m-c\m-bn Xo-cm≥ F-\n-°p-≈ tbm-K-y-X-sb-°p-dn-®pw F-\n-°p h-fs - c kw-ib - a - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ F-¥p sX-cs - ™-Sp-°Ww F-∂-sX-°p-dn-®p h-√m-sX hn-j-an-®n-cp-∂ Im-e-L-´Øn¬ tP-°-_v A-®≥ F-s∂ ss[-c-y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw Fs‚ ]n-Xm-hn-s\ ]-d-™p k-Ω-Xn-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. AXn-s‚ ti-jw _mw-•q¿ ssh-Zn-I tIm-tf-Pn¬ ]Tn-°m≥ F\n-°p h-gn sX-fn-™p-In-ń. A-∂p ap-X¬ tP-°-_v A-®≥ a-cn-°p-∂ Im-ew-h-sc-bpw R-ßƒ G-tIm-Z-c-k-tlm-Z-c-ßsf-t∏m-se h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂p. B-bp-kn-s‚ tPm-en sX-cs - ™Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p F-s∂ k-lm-bn-°m≥ ssZ-h-I-c-ß-fn¬ {][m-\a - p-Jm-¥c - a - m-bn-cp-∂X - v G-{_-lmw am¿-tØm-Ωm Xn-cp-ta\n B-bn-cp-∂p. In-g-t°-Ø-e-bv-°¬, sI.-sP. tP-°-_v A®-\pw {io. Fw.- ]n. tPm¿-÷pw F-s∂ t{]m-’m-ln-∏n-°bpw ss[-cy- s - ∏-Sp-Øp-Ib - pw sN-bX v- n-´p-≠v. F-s‚ am-Xm-]n-Xm°-∑m-cn¬ \n-∂pw \n-cW - w sb-cp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm ]-≈nbn¬ \n-∂pw k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fn¬ \n-∂pw e-`n-® {]-Im-i-hpw ]-Sn-]S- n-bm-bn e-`n-® B-flo-b t{]-cW - I - f - pw ]-´° - m-cp-tS-bpw A-≤-ym-]-I-cp-tS-bpw kv-t\-ln-X-cp-sS-bpw {]m¿-∞-\-bpw k¬-t{]-cW - b - pw F-s‚ B-flo-b Po-hn-XØ - n¬ {]-[m-\ LS-I-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. am¿-tØm-Ωm k-`-bn-se H-cp ]-´-°m-c-\msbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

bn ip-{iq-j sN-øm≥ F-\n-°p am¿-§Z- ¿-i\ - w e-`n-® ]-›m-Øe - w b-cp-itew C-Sh - I - b - m-bn-cp-s∂-∂ h-kX v- p-X F-√m-btv- ∏m-gpw k-t¥mj-]q¿-Δw kv-a-cn-°p-∂ H-cp h-kvXp-X-bm-Wv. k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ iXm-–nbm-tLmjw C- S - h - I k¨- t U- k v - I q- f ns‚ i-Xm-–n-bm-tLm-jw F-\n°p {]-tX-y-Iw k-t¥m-j-ap-≈ Hc-h-k-c-am-Wv. Rm≥ ]-´-X-z-ip-{iqj-bn¬ {]-th-in-®X - v 1941 G-{]n¬ 26 \v B-bn-cp-∂p. ssZ-hw A-¤pX-I-c-am-bn \-S-Øn-b 29 h¿-j-amWv F-\n-°p ]n-∂n-Sm≥ km-[n-®Xv. k-t¥m-j-Øn-s‚-bpw \-μn-bpsS-bpw kv-a-c-W-Iƒ Xn-ßn-°q-Sp∂ H-c-h-k-cw. \-sΩ-°p-dn-®p-≈ ssZ-h-Øn-s‚ ln-Xw A-dn-bp-∂Xn-\p hy-‡n-I-fpw ÿm-]-\-ßfpw \-sΩ k-lm-bn-°p-∂p. ""-B¿ \-ap-°p th-≠n t]m-Ipw'' F-∂p≈ ssZ-hi - – - Ø - n-\p a-dp-]S- n ]-dbm-\p-≈ Np-a-X-e A-X-y-[n-I-ambn \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂-Xp \-Ωn¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cn-ep-am-Wv. ssZ-h-i-–w tIƒ-°p-∂X - n-\p \-sΩ k-lm-bn°p-∂ ap-Jm-¥-c-ß-fpw {]m-[m\yw A¿-ln-°p-∂p. A-hs - b \mw H-cn-°e - pw hn-ka v- c - n-°c - p-Xv. ssZ-hhn-fn tIƒ-∏m≥ F-s∂ k-lm-bn® F-s‚ am-Xr C-Sh - I - s - b-∏‰ - n-bp≈ A-Xn-c-‰ Ir-X-⁄-Xm-t_m-[tØm- S p- I q- S n Cu te- J - \ w D- ] kw-l-cn-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p. ""-F∂ - m¬ _p-≤n-am-∑m¿ BIm-ia - ﬁ e - Ø - n-s‚ {]-` t]m-sebpw ]-e-sc-bpw \o-Xn-bn-te-°p Xn-cn-°p-∂h - ¿ \-£{- X-ßs - f-t∏mse-bpw F-∂pw F-t∂-°pw {]-Imin-°pw''.

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

dh. tPm¿÷v Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ aW-te¬ πm∏p-tgØv -(C-S-h-Imw-Kw)

B\p-Im-enI ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-Iƒ IW-°n-se-Sp-ØpsIm≠p {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ th≠ ]cn-h¿Ø\w hcp-Øphm≥ {InkvXo-b-k` k∂-≤X {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-´p-s≠-∂p-≈Xv A`n-am-\] - q¿Δw kvacn-°m-hp∂ Hcp hkvXp-Xb - s - {X. am{Xa√ {Inkv X o- b - Z q- X ns‚ shfn- ® - Ø n¬ kaq- l - Ø n¬ htc≠ hy-Xn-bm-\-ßƒ°p t\Xr-Xzw sImSp-°p-∂-Xnepw k` KW-y-amb Hcp ]¶p hln-®n-´p-≠v. `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifmb ]pcp- j - ∑ m- c psS {]Xn- I q- e - ß ƒ hI- h - b v ° msX kv{XoI-fpsS \ne sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnepw bph-P-\-ß-fpambn t\Xr-Xzw ]¶p hbv°p-∂-Xnepw Ipń-I-fpsS Imc-yØn¬ {]tX-yIw {i≤ ]Xn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw k` {i≤n-®n´p≠v F∂p-≈Xv CXn\p aXn-bmb sXfn-h-s{X. Cu Zo¿L- Z r„n k` XpS¿∂pw {]Z¿in- ∏ n°pw F∂pw \ap°p {]Xo-£n-°mw. GXm≠v 150 sIm√-ßƒ°v apºv D∂-X-Ip-e-Pm-X-\mb tdm_¿´v sdbnIvkv F∂tZ-lamWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ {]ÿm-\Ø - ns‚ Bcw`w Ip-dn-®X - v. Hcp Znh-kw, At±-l-Øns‚ ÿm\-Øn\p tN¿∂ thj`q-j-Wm-Zn-I-tfmsS kmbm” khm-cn-°p-t]m-bn. k‘-ymk-a-bØv aS-ßn-h-cp-tºmƒ e≠≥ ]´-W-Øns‚ Nmf-Ifn¬ ]m¿Øn-cp∂ ]mh-s∏-´-h-cpsS Ipń-Iƒ Iodn-∏-dn™ hkv{X-ßƒ [cn-®p, tZl-am-k-Iew sNfnbpw ]pc-≠p, A«oe hm°p-Iƒ D®-cn-®p-sIm≠v -X-Ωn¬ a√-Sn-°p∂ ImgvN At±-lsØ \s∂ thZ-\n-∏n-®p. sNdnb Ipń-I-sfs°m≠pw ]Wn-sb-Sp-∏n-®n-cp∂ A°m-eØp Cu kml-Nc-y-ß-fn¬ Po-hn-®n-cp∂ Ipń-Iƒ°p hnZ-ym-e-b-ß-fn¬ t]mIp- h m- \ p≈ `mKyw e`n- ® n- c p- ∂ n- √ . AXp- s Im≠v Ah¿°p \√ ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-hm-\mbn thsd GsX¶nepw ]cn-]mSn Bkq-{XWw sNtø-≠n-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xn-s\∏‰n tdm_¿´v sdbnIvkv Nn¥n-®v, kvt\ln-Xt- cmSv BtemNn-®v, Bkq-{XWw sNbvX-XmWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ ¢mkv. B ¢mkp-I-fn¬ IqSn Ipń-Isf ipNn-X-z-hpw, ssZh-t_m[hpw DØ-a-amb s]cp-am‰ coXn-Ifpw ]Tn-∏n-°pI F∂Xm-bn-cp-∂p Ah-cpsS Dt±-i-yw. Bcw-`-Øn¬ hfsc {]bmk-ßƒ t\cn-tS≠n hs∂-¶nepw B ¢mkp-I-fpsS {]tbmP\w Gh¿°pw t_m[-y-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hnhn[ ÿe-ß-fn¬ CXp-t]m-ep≈ {]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw sN-bvXp.

k¨tU-kvIqƒ Cu imkv{Xob bpK-Øn¬ (iXm_vZn kvamcI {KŸ-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv)

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

{ItaW k¨tU-kvIqƒ Hcp AJn-etemI {]ÿm- \ - a mbn hf¿∂v Db- c pIbpw sNbvXp. kz-`m-h-t{i-jvT-X-bpw, Pohn-X-hn-\bhpw ssZh- t Øm- S p≈ _‘- Ø n¬ \n∂mWp e`n- ° p- ∂ Xp F∂ ASnÿm\ {]am-WØ - n-emWv Cu {]-ÿm-\w ÿm]n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c p- ∂ - X v . I¿- Ø m- h mb tbip- { In- k v X p- h n¬ IqSn sh- f n- s ∏´ ssZhsØ A`n- a p- J o- I - c n- ° p∂ Hcp Ip´n°v Ahs‚ kvt\l-Øn¬ \n-∂p hy-Xn-N-cn-°p-hm≥ km≤-y-am-I-bn-√. Cu e£yw apºn¬ I≠p-sIm-≠p {]h¿Øn®n-´p≈ k¨tU-kvIq-ƒ F-t∏mgpw hnPbn-®n-´p-≠v, A√m-Øh hnP-bn-°p-hm≥ km[-y-hp-a-√. D∂-X-amb Hcp am\-Zﬁw ]pe¿Øn-t∏m-cp∂ \n-cWw bcp-itew k¨tU- k v I q- f ns‚ Ncn{Xw CS- h - I bv°pw, AhnsS ]Tn-®n-´p≈ hnZ-ym¿∞nIƒ-°pw ]Tn-∏n-®n-´p≈ A≤-ym-]I - ¿°pw A`n-am-\-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-´p-≠v F∂p-≈Xn\p ]£m- ¥ cw C√. am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIqƒ kamPw Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xn\p ap- º v Xs∂ ÿm]n- ° - s ∏´ Cu k¨tU-kvIqƒ AXns‚ ÿm]-I-cmb \ΩpsS ]nXm- ° - ∑ m- c psS Zn¿L- Z r„n hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. 1932-˛1942 hsc Rm≥ B kvIqfn¬

150

1870 - 2020

Hcp hnZym-¿∞n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw Nne h¿j-ßƒ AhnsS ]Tn-∏n-°bpw sNbvXp. Rm≥ k¨tU-kvIq-fn-t\mSv hfsc IS-s∏-ń-´p-≠v F∂v ]d-bp-∂X - n¬ F-\n°p kt¥m-ja - p-≠v. Fs‚ {]nb ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw ]n-Xm-a-ln-bp-sSbpw kzm-[o-\-ßtfmSp c£m-\n¿Æ-b-Øn-te°p hcp-hm≥ Fs∂ klm-bn-®Xv Cu k¨-tU-kvIq-fm-Wv. Hcp ]´-°mc-\m-bn-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ Xocp-am\w Rm≥ ssIs°m≠Xv k¨tU-kvIq-fnse Hcp tbmK-Øn¬ sh®mWv. ]m´p-]m-Sp-hm-\p≈ Fs‚ A`n-cpNn hf¿Øn FSpØXv Cu k¨tU-kvIq-fm-Wv. F√m-‰nepw D]cn-bmbn Pohn-X-Øns‚ D∂X am\-Z-fi-ß-sf-∏‰n Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-am-Xr-I-bn¬ IqSn F\n°p Hcp ImgvN-∏mSp X∂ DØa-cmb A≤ym-]-I-cpsS kzm[o\w Hcn-°epw hnkvac - n-°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-ØX - m-Wv. A°m-eØp Fs∂bpw Fs‚ kXo¿∞-y-scbpw BI¿jn-®n-cp∂ A≤-ym-]I - c - n¬ Nne-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ {]tX-yIw {]kvXm-hy- a - m-Wv. Fs‚ ]nXmhv {io. Fw.]n. tPm¿-÷v, b»-i-co-c-\mb ]´-ap-°n¬ ]n.-sP. tXma-kv, {io. F≥.-kn. \Ym-\n-tb¬, {io. sI.-‰n. tImin, {io. F≥.-kn. tXmakv apX-em-bh - ¿ B KWØn¬s∏-Spw. B ImeØp Xs∂ Ifn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xnepw D√m-kb - m-{X-Iƒ {Iao-Ic - n-°p-∂X - nepw k¨tU-kvIqƒ anj-\dn bm{X-I-fn¬ Rßsf kw_‘n-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw a‰pw Ah¿ ImWn® t\Xr-Xzw Ime-Øn-∂-∏p-d-ap≈ hf¿®bpw ]cn-jv°m-chpw {i≤bpw Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈X - n\v sXfnhm-Wv. Cu ]mc-º-cyw C∂pw ]pe¿Øn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xn¬IqSn am{Xta C∂sØ _me-P-\-ßsf Bflo-Iamb Xmev]c - y-Øn¬ bYm-ÿm-\s - ∏-SpØn sIm-≠pt]m-Ip-hm≥ km[n-°p-Ip-bp≈p F∂mWv Fs‚ _e-amb hnizm-kw. C°m-c-y-Øn¬ Rß-fpsS Ime-sØ A≤-ym-]-I-cpsS A{Xbpw {i≤ C∂-sØ A≤-ym-]I - ¿ ImWn-°p-∂pt≠m F∂p kwi-bn-t°≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. F∂m¬ amdn-h-∂n-cn-°p∂ C∂sØ kml-N-c-y-Øn¬ Cu {i≤ G‰hpw A[nIw B-h-i-y-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. imkv{Xo-ba - mb kao-]\ - Ø - n-s‚-bpw im-kv{Xob ⁄m\-Øn-s‚-bpw \Sp-hn¬ hf-cp∂ C-∂sØ Xe-ap-d-bv°v B[n-Im-cnI at\m-`m-h-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb kao- ] \w kzo- I m- c - y - a - √ . A- S pØ ka- b Øv Hcp sslkvIq-ƒ ¢m- n¬ Hcp kb≥kv A≤-ym-]-I≥ Ipń-It- fmSv C{]-Imcw ]d-™p˛""-F{X h-enb BfpXs∂bpw \nß-tfmSp ]d-bp∂ Imcyßƒ \nßƒ

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

AtX- ] Sn kzo- I - c n- ° - c p- X v . kzo- I - c n- ° p- ∂ - X n\p apºmbn \nßƒ Xs∂ AXns‚ kXy-X-sb-∏‰n ]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww. a‰p-≈-h¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv IÆpw AS®v kzo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv imkv{Xob at\m-`m-h-Øn\p tN¿∂-X-√''. Ip´n-I-fpsS Kth-jW _p≤n hf¿Øn FSp°p- h m- \ p≈ DZ- y - a - Ø n¬ Cu A≤ym- ] - I ≥ ]d™Xp icn-X-s∂. ]t£, AtXm-sSm∏w At±lw k-Ie B[n-Im-cn-IX - bpsSbpw thcp Adp-°p-Ib - mbn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ sNdp-Øp-\n¬°p-Ibpw tNmZyw sNøp-Ibpw ]g-bX - n-t\mSp a’-cn-°p-hm≥ shº¬ sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp Xe-ap-d-sb-bmWv \ap°v ssIIm-cyw sNøp-hm≥ In´m-\p-≈-Xv. sX‰mbmepw icn-bm-bmepw {]mb-ap-≈-hcpw A[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-hcpw Kpcp-°-∑mcpw ]d-bp∂Xv AtX-]Sn A\p-k-cn-°Ww F∂mWv RßfpsS Xe-ap-db - n¬ hni-zk - n-®n-cp-∂X - v. ]´m-f° - m¿°p hn[n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se. ""-tNm-Zyw sNøp-hm≥ ]mSn√ acn-t°≠nh∂mepw A\p-k-cn° Xs∂'' F∂ kao-]\ - a - mWv AwKo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-´n-cp-∂X - v. AXn- s \- X n- c mbn C∂p P\m- [ n- ] - X yw {]m_- e - y Øn¬ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. F√m-h-cp-sSbpw A`n-{]m-bØn\p hne H∂p-X-s∂. IqSp-X¬ Bfp-Iƒ AwKoI-cn-°p∂ A`n-{]mbw {]m_-e-y-Øn¬ hcpw. AXpsIm≠v A`n-{]mbw cq]o-I-cn-°p-hm\pw {]N-cn-∏n°p-hm\pw Ah-Imiw F√m-h¿°p-ap-≠v. Cu \ne]m-Sn¬ \n∂p kzm-X-{¥-y-Øn-s‚bpw At\-ym-\yw kzm-[o-\n-°p-hm-\p≈ Xmev]c-- y-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xn-LS-\-Iƒ F√m-bn-SØpw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu imkv{Xob bpK-Ønse Nne Nn¥m-K-XnIƒ am{Xta ChnsS Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-hm≥ {ian-®p≈p. CXp-t]mse a‰-t\Iw Imc-y-ß-fpw FSpØp ]d-bp-hm-\p-≠v. ]eXpw \ap-s°-√m-h¿°pw Adn-hp≈Xp Xs∂. Ah- b psS hni- I - e - \ - Ø n- t e°p {]th-in-°p-hm≥ hnkvXm-c-`bw aqew apXn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ Cu ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-bpsS {]tX-y-I-XIƒ A\p-k-cn®p \ΩpsS {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ F¥p hy-Xn-bm-\-amWv hcp-tØ-≠-sX-∂mWv Nn¥n-t°≠-Xv. H∂m-a-Xm-bn, GXp kml-N-c-y-Ønepw AwKoI-cn-°s∏Sp∂ Pohn-X-hn-ip≤n A≤-ym-]-I-cn¬ IqSp-X¬ {]I-Sa - m-tI-≠X - m-Wv. A\p-kc - W - Ø - ns‚ t]cn¬ A≤- y m- ] - I s‚ \SØ ]cn- K - W n- ° msX At±-lØ - ns‚ D]-tZ-iß - ƒ kzo-Ic - n-®n-cp∂ Imew C\n hcmsX ad-™p-t]m-bn. D]-tZiw Pohn-X-am-

]pXnb coXn-Iƒ I≠p-]nSn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]co-£-Wßfpw Ipń-I-fpsS \nebn-te°v Cd-ßn-hc- p-∂X - n\p≈ k∂-≤-Xbpw Bhi-y-ambn hcpw. XrI sIm≠v ÿncoI- c n- ° m- Ø n- S tØmfw AXp AwKo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-Sp-Ib - n-√. c≠maXm-bn, hf-cp∂ Xe-ap-db - psS Nn¥m-KX - n, F√mw hgn-]n-g® - X - mWv F-∂p ]d™pX≈m-sX, {Kln-°p-hm≥ H-cp Bflm¿∞- { iaw sNtø- ≠ - X m- W v . At∏mƒ am{X-amWv Ah-tcmSp A¿∞-hØm-bn CS-s]-Sp-hm≥ \ap°v km[n-°p-I. aq∂m-a-Xm-bn, \ΩpsS A≤-ym-]-\coXn Bhp-∂{X B[p-\n-I-am-°p-hm≥ \mw {ian-t°-≠-Xs{X. ]gb coXn AXp]Sn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ib - m-bn-cn°pw Ffp∏w. ]pXnb coXn-Iƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xn\p ]co-£-W-ßfpw Ipń-I-fpsS \nebn-te°v Cd-ßn-h-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ k∂-≤Xbpw Bh-i-y-ambn hcpw. \mem-a-Xm-bn, \ΩpsS A{]-am-Zn-Xz`mhw hn´p Ipń-I-tfm-sSmØp IqSp-X¬ ]Tn-°p-hm-\p≈ hn\-b-`mhw \mw {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-sa-¶n¬ AXv Ah-cpsS lrZ-bßsf Ih¿s∂-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\p ]c-ym-]vXam-hpw. A©m-a-Xm-bn, \ΩpsS {]h¿Ø-\ß- f psS BX- y - ¥ nI e£yw \ΩpsS Ip™p-ßƒ tbip-{In-kvXp-hp-am-bp≈ B`n-ap-J-y-Øn-te°v hcp-I-bmWv F∂p Hm¿Ωn- ® p- s Im≠v \ΩpsS F√m {]bXv\-ßfpw AXn-\mbn {Iao-I-cn-°p-I. the {Inkv X p- h n- t ‚- X m- W v . Ah≥ C∂pw lrZ-b-ß-tfmSv CS-s]-´p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-∂p. AXn\p {]Xn-_‘w kr„n-°msX \mw \ΩpsS Ip™p- ß ƒ°v {Inkv X p- h n- ¶ - t e°p hgn- I m- ´ n- I - f m- h p- I . tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]-I-s\-t∏mse ""-Ah≥ hf-cW - w, Rmt\m Ipd-bW - w'' F∂Xm--bn-cn-°s´ \Ωp-sS Pohn-X-Z¿i-\w.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

Xncn-™pt\m-°p-tºmƒ (iXm_vZn kvamcI {KŸ-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv)

dh. DΩ≥ tImcpXv a´-bv°¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ (CS-h-Imw-K-amb ssd‰v dh. tUm. kJ-dn-bmkv am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv k{^-K≥ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø)

C-∂-sØ a\p-j-ys\ sa\-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ "C-∂-se' Iƒ°p≈ kzm-[o\w Ahn-X¿°n-X-amWv. AXp-t]mse "\m-fsØ a\p-j-ys\ Dcp-Øn-cnbp-∂-Xn¬ "C-∂-se'Iƒ sNep-Øp∂ kΩ¿±w A[r-„-y-hp-am-Wv. hoSpw \mSpw IqSpw IpSpw-_hpw ]≈nbpw ]≈n-°q-Shpw F√mw Hcp-hs\ Ah≥ B°p-∂-Xn¬ kmc-amb kw`m-h\ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬, Ipcp-∂p Ic-fp-If - n¬ ss{IkvXh ssNX\yw tImcn sNm-cn-bp-∂-Xn-eqsS k¨tU-kvIq-fpIƒ \n¿Δ-ln-°p∂ tkh-\t- ØmSp InS-]n-Sn-°Ø - °-Xmbn as‰-s¥-¶nepw Ds≠∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. ""-`mc-X-Øns‚ `mhn-`m-K-t[bw Ah-fpsS ¢mkv apdn-Ifn¬ Icp-]n-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p'' F∂ kXyw B[p\nI hn-Z-ym-`-ymk hnN-£-W-∑m¿ sNI-s™-SpØv {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p Hcp \q‰m≠v apºp-X-s∂, ss{IkvX-h-k-`-bpsS `mhn-`m-K-t[bw Ah-fpsS k¨tU- k v I q- f p- I - f n¬ hm¿sØ- S p- ° - s ∏- S p∂p F∂ bmYm¿∞yw {Kln-°bpw AXn\p {]mtbmKnI cq]w \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvX \ncWw bcp-itew CS-h-I-bnse {Im¥-Z¿in-I-fm-bn-cp∂ B Hcp-]‰w ssZh-Zm-k-∑m-cpsS k¿§-i-‡n-bp-tSbpw [oj-Wmssh- ` - h - Ø n- s ‚bpw ap∂n¬ \{a- i n- c - k v I - \ mbn \tam-hmIw \¬I-s´. \o≠ Hcp \q‰m-≠p-Im-es - Ø kvXpX-y¿l-amb tkh\ ]mc-ºc - y- a - p≈ bcp-itew k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ ]S-hp-Iƒ Ib-dn-bn-d-ßp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ku`m-Kyw kn-≤n®p F∂-Xn¬ Rm≥ AXoh k¥p-„-\m-Wv. ssaep- I ƒ°v AIse Ccp- ∂ p- s Im≠v h¿jßƒ°-∏p-d-tØ°v Xncn-™p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ _mea- \ - p- I - f n- t e°p \q∂pIb- d nb thZ- ] p- k v X I IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw Ahsc XncpIn Ib-‰nb A≤-ym-

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

]I t{ijv T cpw kv a r- X n- ] - Y - Ø n¬ kPo- h - a mbn s]m¥n- h - c p- ∂ p. A∂sØ A≤- y m- ] - I - c n¬ Nnesc√mw aä-d-™p, a‰p Nne¿ \njv{]-`-cm-bn, thsd Nne¿ C∂pw Xß-fpsS bXv\w \n¿hnLv\w XpS-cp∂p. aX-t_m-[-\w, Pohn-X-in-£-Ww, [m¿ΩnI aqe-y]-cn-c-£-Ww, {InkvXob Pohn-X-km-£yw F∂n-hbpsS hnØp-Iƒ hnX-dp-∂X - n\pw hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-hcp∂Xn\pw Ah¿ Hmtcm- c p- Ø cpw Imń- b n- ´ p≈ \njvI¿j «mL-\o-b-am-Wv. Fs∂ kw_-‘n-®n-StØmfw i\n-bmgvN k‘-ybv°p X-s∂ k¨tUkvIqƒ ]cn-]mSn Bcw-`n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Imc-Ww, k¨tU-kvIq-fn-te-°p≈ Ipdn-hm-Iyw a\x-]m-Ta - mbn sNm√n-t°ƒ∏n-®X - n\p tijw am{Xta DuWn\pw Dd°-Øn-\p-ap≈ ]®-s°mSn hoń¬ Im´-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp∂p≈p F∂-Xp-X-s∂. \m\m-{X tXmam-®m-bs‚ BI¿j-I-amb IY-]d-®nepw Ifo-°se sIm®p-ÆqÆn kmdns‚ Cº-I-camb ]m´p-]T - n-∏n-°epw πm∏p-tgsØ DÆn-®m-bs‚ hnZ-Kv≤-amb thZm¿∞ hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw F√mw F{Xtbm Bk-zm-Z-y-X-c-hpw, {]tbm-P-\-I-c-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. s]mXp-sh, A≤-ym-]-I-sc√mw Xs∂ Hmtcm Ipń-bpsSbpw Bf-Xz- ] - c - a - mb hf¿®-bnepw ]ptcm-KX - n-bnepw {i≤bpw Xmev]c - y- hpw Ft∏mgpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp∂p. {]tX-y-In®pw πm∏p-tgsØ DÆn-®m-bs‚ {i≤m]q¿-Δ-amb km∂n-[-yhpw \n¿±m-£-W-y-amb \njv°¿j-bpw hy-‡n-KX - a - mb in£-WØ - n\pw s]mXp-hmb A®-S° - Ø - n\pw Hcp henb apX¬°q-´m-bn-cp-∂p. CSbv ° nsS kμ¿in- ° m- d p- ≠ m- b n- c p∂ InW- ‰ p- I sc Ipt™m- a n- ® m- b s‚ {i≤ ""- ] n- t ≈sc ]nSn- ° p- ∂ Xn¬'' Bbn-cp-∂p. As∂m-cn-°¬ iap-th¬ _mes‚ IY kz-Xk - n-≤a - mb coXn-bn¬ Ipt™m-an-®m-b≥ hnkvX-cn-®p. k¨tU-kvIqƒ Ign™v F√m-hcpw hoSp-If - n-te°v aS-ßp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ ]≈n-bpsS ]Sn-Iƒ Cd-ßp-tºmƒ I\Ø Hcp Icw sas√ tXmfn-¬ ]Xn®p XpS¿∂v t\cnb Hcp i–w ""-Ip-t™, kÆn! Hcp ]t£, \o Hcp \√ Ipń-bm-bn-cn-°mw. F∂m-¬ Rm≥ Hcp tNmZyw tNmZn-°s - ´. \o c£n-°s - ∏´-h\ - m-tWm?'' A∂v H´pw ckn-°m-™X - pw, Akp-JI - c-hp-am-bn-cp∂ B tNmZyw Fdn-™X - m-cm-sW-∂d - n-bm≥ Xncn™pt\m- ° n- b - t ∏m- g mWv DØ- c hpw {]Xo£n®p Ipt™m-an-®m-b≥ \n¬°p∂ ImgvN I≠-Xv. h¿jw ]eXp ]n∂n-s´-¶nepw B tNmZyw C∂pw ImXp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw AI-∂n-ń-√, AI-ep-I-bp-an-√. ]´-Xz- i - p-{iqjm PohnXw sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂X - n¬ {]X- y - £ - a mbn Hcp ]t£ k¨tU- k v I qƒ Hcp henb kzm-[o-\i - ‡ - n-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√m-bncn°msa-¶nepw

]tcm-£a - mbn F¥p-am{Xw k¬t{]c-W-I-fmWv A-Xn\v klm-b-I-amwhn[w kw`m- h \ sNbv X n- ´ p- ≈ - X v . amXr-Im-tbm-Ky- cpw tkh-\X - e - v]c - c - pam-bn-cp∂ A≤-ym-]-I-cpsS t\XrXzw, A\p-I-cn-°m≥ sIm≈m-am-bncp∂ Hcp apXn¿∂ Xe-ap-db - psS km∂n-≤-yw, ]mh-\-ambn ]cn-c-£n-°s∏-´n-cp∂ Hc-¥-co£w Ch-sb√mw Xs∂ Fs∂ Rm≥ B°n am‰p-∂Xn¬ kp{]-[m-\-amb Hcp ]¶v hln®n-´p-≈-Xn\p c≠p ]£-an-√. k¨tU- k v I q- f ns\ XpS¿∂p As∂ms° \S-Øs - ∏-Sp-am-bn-cp∂ "_m-ek - am-P-hpw' \nc-h[n \ne-I-fn¬ k¬t{]-c-I-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ssakq-dn¬ \ΩpsS ]≈n ip{iq-jbpw s]mXp k-¨tU-kvIqfpw Htc-k-a-bØv Xs∂-bm-sW-¶nepw \ΩpsS ip{iq-jsb-°m-fp-]cn aZm-Ω-bpsS k¨tUkv I q- f n¬ ]s¶- S p- ° p- ∂ - X n\p Ip™p--ßsf D’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p Fs∂ DZ-yp-‡-\m-°p-∂Xv \ncWw bcp- i tew k¨tU- k vIq- f n\v Fs‚ taep≈ kzm-[o\w H∂p-am-{Xam-Wv. al-Ømb B ]gb ]mc-º-c-yßfpw kphn-tij Xo£vW-Xbpw C∂sØ Xe-ap-dbpw A`w-Kpcw ]cn-c-£n-°bpw ]I¿∂psImSp-°pIbpw sNøp-sa∂v Xs∂ hni-z-kn°-bpw {]Xo-£n-°p-Ibpw sNø-s´. C∂sØ ]pØ≥ Xe-ap-dbv°v ]pXnb am¿§-ß-fn-eqsS ]gb kX-yßƒ ]I¿∂p sImSp-°p-∂X - n¬ \q‰m-≠ns‚ ]g-°hpw Xg-°-hp-ap≈ bcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ, ]pXnb Nmep-Iƒ sh´n ]ptcm-K-an-°-s´-sb∂v Biw- k n- ° bpw iXm–n BtLm-j-ßƒ°v k¿Δ-`m-hp-I-ßfpw t\cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]pXnb \q‰m≠v ssZh-tØmSp IqsS h≥Im-c-yßƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂Xpw ssZh-Øn¬ \n-∂pw h≥t\-´-ßƒ e`n-°p-∂-Xpamb H∂mbn `hn-°-s´-sb∂v {]m¿∞n-°p∂p.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

a‰p-≈-hsc kvt\ln-°phm≥ A`-y-kn-®Xv Rß-fpsS A≤-ym-]I¿°p Rß-tfm-Sp≈ kvt\lhpw hm’eyhpw I≠-Xn¬ \n∂pam-Ip-∂p. hm’-eyw F∂-Xn¬ tPm¿-÷v kmdns‚ ASnbpw Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p.

dh.- sI.-Fw. tPm¿÷v InW-‰p-Ic (C-S-h-Imw-Kw)

150

1870 - 2020

\n cWw bcp-itew k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ iXm–n Pq_nen BtLm-jn-°p∂ Cu Ah-kc - Øn¬ Hcp ]q¿ΔhnZ-ym¿∞n F∂ \ne-bn¬ Fs‚ k¨tU-kvIqƒ Pohn-XsØ Xncn™p ItÆm- S n- ° p- h m≥ Hc- h - k cw e`n- ® - X n¬ Rm≥ hfsc k¥p-„-\m-Wv. kvac-W-I-fpsS GSp-Iƒ hfsc hn]p-e-am-I-bm¬ Ah-bn¬ \n∂pw GsX√mw s]dp-°n-sb-Sp-°-W-sa∂p F\n°v \n›bw C√. samØ-Øn¬ Hcp hmN-I-Øn¬ ]d-bm-\msW-¶n¬ Rm≥ Hcp ]´-°m-c-\mbn Xo¿∂-Xn¬ Fs‚ k¨tUkvIqƒ ]T-\-Imew Hcp henb ]¶v hln-®n-´p-≠v. Rmb-dmgvN Znhkw D®-Xn-cn-™p≈ ka-bØ - n\p th≠n BImw-£t- bmsS ImØncp-∂Xv Rm≥ Hm¿°p-∂p. ka-b-Øn\p apºv ¢m n¬ FØp-∂-Xn\p ho´n¬ XnSp°w Im-Wn-°pam-bn-cp-∂p. ImcWw Xma-kn®p ¢m n¬ sN∂m-¬ πm∏p-tgØv tPm¿÷v km¿ hg-°p-]-d-bp--sa∂p t]Sn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. shdpw ssIbmbn t]mImsX t\m´p-_p-°v, s]≥kn¬, IqSmsX \p-≈-cnbpw sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ Nne-t∏m-sgms° aSn-®n-´p-s≠¶nepw k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤-ym-]-I-cpsS am¿§Z¿i-I-amb KpW-tZm-j-ß-fpsS ^e-ambn Ah sNøp-∂Xp kt¥m-j-I-c-ambn Xo¿-∂p. thZ- ] p- k v X Iw Zn\w- t Xmdpw hmbn- ° p∂ ioew F∂n¬ hf¿Øn- b Xv Fs‚ k¨tUkvIq-fm-Wv. am{X-a-√, thZ-hm-b\ t\m´p-Iƒ D]tbm--Kn-°p-hm\pw ioen-®Xv AhnsS \n∂p-am-Wv.

Hcp k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym¿∞n-bpsS ]q¿Δ-kva-c-W-Iƒ

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

{]kvXpX ]cn-Nbw Fs‚ CXp-h-sc-bp≈ Pohn- X - Ø nepw hnti- j m¬, Fs‚ Ct∏mgsØ ip{iq-jb - nepw F¥p-am{Xw {]tbm-P\ - s∏-Sp-∂p-sh∂pw ]d-™-dn-bn-°p-hm≥ høm. Ipń-°m-e-Øn¬Øs∂ `mhn-sb-°p-dn®p≈ Hcp ImgvN-∏mSv D≠m-Ip-hm≥ ""\nß-ƒ Bcm-bn-Øo-c-W-sa-∂mWv B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv'' F∂ tNmZyw Hmtcm Ipń-tbmSpw k-¨tUkvIqƒ A≤-ym-]-I¿ tNmZn-®Xv t{]c-I-am-bn´p- ≠ v . {]kv X pX tNmZy- Ø ns‚ hym- ] v X n A°m-eØv Rßƒ°v th≠-hÆw {Kml-y-a√m-Xn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Ct∏mƒ Xncn-™p-t\m°p-tºmƒ B tNmZyw Rm\-dn-bmsX Xs∂ Fs‚ Bf- X - z - Ø n¬ {]h¿- Ø n--® p- h t√m Ft∂m¿Øv Rm≥ kt¥m-jn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu hI tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn®v GsX-¶nepw Hcp-Øcw e`n-®Xp sIm≠p-am{Xw Rß-fpsS A≤-ym-]-I¿ Xr]vXn AS-™n-√. i\n-bmgvN cm{Xn ]≈n-∏d - º - n¬ Ip™p-ßsf {]m¿∞-\°mbn A≤-ym-]-I¿ Iq´pI ]Xn-hp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. {]kvXpX Iq´-ß-fpsS ê-ambn {]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ A`-y-kn®p F∂pam-{X-a-√, a‰p≈h-sc-°p-dn®v Nn-¥n-°p-hm\pw Ah¿°pth≠n {]m¿∞n-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ Xmev]-c-yhpw P\n-®p. F√m-‰n-ep-ap-]c - n-bmbn {]kvXpX {]m¿∞-\m-th-f-Iƒ Rßƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw Pohn-Xs - Ø-°p-dn-®p≈ ssZthm-t±iw Ime-{Ia- Ø n¬ hy- ‡ - a m- I p- ∂ - X n\p hgn sXfn- ® n´p≠v . B- X p- c - t k- h - \ - Ø n- \ p≈ Xev ] - c X

F∂n¬ Df- h m- ° n- b Xv k¨tU- k v I qƒ A≤-ym-]-I-cp-sS t\Xr-X-z-Øn¬ Rßƒ sNbvXp-h∂ BXpc tkh-\ß - f - m-bn-cp-∂p. i\n-bmgvN sshIn´v D]-hk - n-®X - n¬ \n∂pw e`n-®-Xp-sIm≠v Bh-i-y-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂hsc klm-bn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. km[p-°f - psS hoSp- t a- ™ p sImSp- ° pI, ZpxJØn- e n- c n°p∂ `h-\-ßƒ kμ¿in-°p-I, Xß-fpsS {]nb-s∏-´-h-cpsS th¿]m-Sn¬ hnj-an-°p-∂hsc Bi-z-kn-∏n-°p-I, ih-kw-kv°m-c-Øn\mbn th≠ kmº-ØnI klmbw FØn°p-I, `£W km[-\ß - ƒ tiJ-cn®v Bhi-yØ - n-en-cn-°p-∂h - sc klm-bn-°pI F∂nX-ymZn a\p-j-y-X-z-]-chpw {InkvXo-b-hp-amb ip{iq- j - I ƒ sNøphm≥ ioen- ® Xv k¨tU-kvIq-fn¬ IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. a‰p-≈h - sc kvt\ln-°p-hm≥ A`-yk - n®Xv Rß-fpsS A≤-ym-]-I¿°p Rß-tfmSp≈ kvt\lhpw hm’-e-yhpw I≠-Xn¬ \n∂p-am-Ip-∂p. hm’-eyw F∂-Xn¬ tPm¿÷v kmdns‚ ASnbpw Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p. ASn In´n-bt- ∏mƒ henb kt¥m-ja - n-√m-bn-cp-∂psh-¶nepw Ah F{X Bh-i-y-am-bn-cp-∂psh∂v Rm≥ Hm¿Øp, AXn\pth≠nbpw ssZ- h sØ kv X pXn- ° p- ∂ p. Fs‚ amXrk¨-tU-kvIqƒ, hcpw-X-e-ap-d°pw hfsc {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Ss´ F∂m-{K-ln-®p-sIm≠v AXns\ ssZh-I-c-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

itXm-Øc kph¿Æ-Pq-_nen Km\w Xn-¶ƒ I-e-bn≥ {]-`-t]m-se h-Nm-\m-ar-X-Øn≥ H-fn-tb-Im≥ kv-t\-l-Zq-Xn≥ km-£y-a-Xm-Im≥ X-e-ap-d-bm-bv X-W-em-Ip-s∂m-cp ssZ-h-Ir-] ]m-Smw C-s∂m-cp kp-μ-c Km-\w kv-tXm-{X-Øn≥ Km-\w kv-a-c-W-bn≥ k-¶o¿-Ø-\w \n-c-Ww sb-cp-i-tew k-t-≠-kv-Iqƒ i-X-Im¿-≤ i-X-I-Øn≥ \n-d-hn¬ (2) 1.

tXm-a-kv «o-l ]-I¿-∂-Xmw kp-hn-ti-j-Øn≥ Zo-]-hp-am-bv Xn-cn-sX-fn-s®m-cp h-N-\-i-em-I Pz-en-®n-Sp-∂p \n-d-hm-bv Ir-]-bn≥ {]-`-bm-bv

tb-ip-\m-Y≥ A-cn-In-em-bv ss]-X-ß-sf \-bn-®n-Sm≥ kz¿-§-cm-Py Zu-Xy tk-h Xp-S-cmw \n-d-hm-bv Ir-]-bn≥ {]-`-bm-bv

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

cN\: Binjv sNdn-bm≥ h¿Kokv ]´-ap-°n¬ kwKoXw: enPp h¿Ko-kv, Iß-tgØv

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

dh. tPm¿÷v tXma-kv, Nme-°m-´n¬ (C-S-h-Imw-Kw) (hn-Im-cn, dm∂n {InkvtXmkv am¿tØm-Ωm- ]-≈n)

sbcp-itew am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIqƒ Hcp ]q¿ΔhnZ-ym¿∞n-bpsS Hm¿Ω

ssZ hoI ]≤- X n- b n¬ \ap°v \¬I- s ∏- S p∂ t{ijv T - Z m- \ - a m- W t√m \ΩpsS Pohn- X w. `mc- X - Ø ns‚ A∏kv t Xm- e - \ mb tXmam- « o- l m- b psS ]mZkv]¿i-ta‰p F∂v hni-z-kn-®p-t]m-cp∂ \nc-W-sa∂ [\-y-`q-an-bn¬ I¿Øm-hns\ am\n-°p∂ Hcp `h-\-Øn¬ P\n-°p-hm-\nS-bm-bXv ssZh-Ir-]-bm-Wv. sNdp-{]mbw apX¬ {In-kvXob aqey-ßƒ icn-bmw-hn[w kwth-Z\w sNøp-hm≥ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ {i≤n- ® n- c p- ∂ p. A- X n- \ m¬ sNdp- { ]m- b Øn¬ k¨tU- k v I qƒ ]T\w G‰hpw Kuc-h-ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. A{]Imcw Fs‚ ssii- h - ˛ - _ mey- Z n- i - b n¬ \ncWw sbcp-itew k¨-tUkvIq-sf∂ al-Ømb ssZhoI ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ `mKam-bn-Øo-cp-hm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-®p. inip-hIp∏v , _m- e - h - I p∏v F∂o ¢m p- I ƒ \ncWw k¨-tU-kvIq-fn¬ ]Tn-°p-hm-\n-Sbm-bn. B-e-∏p-g-bn-te°v Xm-ev°m-en-Iambn Xmakw am‰n-b-t∏mƒ XpS¿∂p≈ k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]T\w Be-∏pg sk‚ v tPm¿÷v am¿tØmΩm ]≈n- b psS k¨tU-kvIq-fn-emWv XpS¿∂-Xv. Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ Fs‚ ]nXm-hm-bncp∂p k¨tU-kvIqƒ {][m-\m-≤y- m-]I - ≥ (Nm-e-°m-ń¬ sI.-sP. tXma-kv). ]mgqsc DΩ-®m-b≥, hng-ense Ip™q-™-®m-b≥, sh¨]- d - º nse tPm¿÷v I pń- ® m- b ≥, ]mdm-Øp-t»-cn¬ adn-bmΩ So®¿, amWn-∏d-ºn¬ t__n-km¿, tamfn-am-Ω, Ifo-°¬ sIm®p-ÆqÆn km¿, am-Ø≥]-d-ºn¬ Ip™≥ ]m∏n km¿, IqØ-∏-≈n-¬ s]m∂®≥ km¿, a´-bv°¬ tPm¿÷p-Ipń km¿ 64

apX-em-bh - c - psS km∂n-≤y- hpw t\Xr-Xzhpw kvac-W-bn-ep-≠v. D®-I-gn™v H∂-c-a-Wn°v Bcw-`n-®ncp∂ k¨tU-kvIqfn¬ {Ia-ambn kw_‘n-°pI \n¿_-‘a- m-bn-cp-∂p. ]m´p-Iƒ ]Tn®Xpw hmI-yß - ƒ ImWmsX ]Tn-®Xpw [\yam-bn-cp-∂p. t]∏-dn¬ Ipºn-fp-IpØn \p≈cn kvtXm-{X-Im-gvN-bmbn A¿∏n-®n-cp-∂Xpw AXv XpS¿∂p≈ Rmb-dm-gvN-bn¬ teew sNbvXv hnev°p-∂Xpw Hm¿°p-∂p-≠.v `mK-y-kva-c-Wo-b-\mb kJ-dn-bmkv Xncp-ta\n, DΩ≥ tImcpXv A®-\m-bn-cn-°ptºmƒ \ΩpsS Ip´n- I ƒ°mbn Hcp ss…Uv tjm \ΩpsS F¬.-]n. kvIqfns‚ ]≈n-°-`n-ap-J-amb `nØn-bn¬ ImWn-®p-X∂Xv hfsc BImw- j - t bmsS I≠Xpw _meyIme kvac-W-bn-ep-≠v. Hcp Ip´n-bpsS BZ-ysØ ssZh-imkv{X-Ie - m-eb - a - mWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ. AhnsS Bcw-`n® hnizmkcq]o-I-cWw Fs‚ Po-hn-X-Øn¬ I¿Xr-ip-{iqj Xnc-s™-Sp°p-hm-\p≈ Xocp-am-\sØ Gsd kzm-[o-\n®n-cp∂p F∂Xv {]ÿm-h-y-am-Wv. Fs‚ _me- y - I m- e sØ \ΩpsS hnIm-cn-am-cm-bn-cp∂ Fw.-sF. Ae-Ivkm≠¿ A®-≥, sI.-sF. aØmbn A®≥, ]n.H. tPm¿÷v A®≥, kn.- h n. G{_lmw A®≥ F∂n-h-cpsS tkh-\-ßfpw kvacWo-b-am-Wv. \ΩpsS c£n-Xmhpw I¿Øm-hp-am-bp≈ hnizm-k_ - ‘ - Ø - n\v ASn-Ød ]mIn-b \ΩpsS k¨tU- k v I qƒ ]pXpXe- a pdbv°pw hcpw-X-e-ap-d-Iƒ°pw Hcp A\p-{Kl- a mbn- Ø otc- ≠ - X n- \ mbn {]m¿∞n- ® psIm≠v Cu Ipdn-∏n\v hncm-a-an-Sp-∂p. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬

DΩ≥ tPm¨k¨, a´-bv°¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬, sIm®n (ap≥ A≤ym-]-I≥)

""_me≥ \S-t°-≠p∂ hgn-bn¬ Ahs\ A`y-kn-∏n-°. Ah≥ hr≤-\m-bmepw AXphn´pamdp-I-bn-√''. ] ciXw kwh- ’ - c - ß ƒ°p ap≥]p _p≤n-im-en-bmb item-tam≥ cmPm-hns‚ D]tZiw Dƒs°m≠v sbcp-itew CS-hI cq]wsIm- ≈ p- ∂ - X n\p 35 h¿j- ß ƒ°p ap≥]v {Im¥-Z¿in-I-fm-bn-cp∂ \ΩpsS ]q¿Δ-]n-Xm°ƒ XpS-ßn-h® ÿm]-\-amWv 150 h¿jw ]n∂n- S p∂ \ΩpsS sbcp- i tew k¨tUkvIq-ƒ. GXm≠v 70 h¿j-ßƒ°p ap≥]v Hcp ]n©p _me-I-\mbn F\n°pw hnip≤ tXmam «olm-bm¬ ÿm]n-X-amb Cu tZhme-b-Ønse k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym¿∞n Bbn-cn-°phm\pw Npcp-ßnb Imew Hcp A≤-ym]- I - \ m- I p- h m\pw km[n®p F∂Xpw \μntbmSpw A`n-am-\-tØmSpw Hm¿°p-∂p. i\n- b mgv N sshIn´v Rß- f psS `h\w hnip≤ Znh-k-tØ-°p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏n-emIpw. ]mT- ] p- k v X - I - ß ƒ am‰n- h ®p thZ- ] psbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

kvXI ]T-\w, hmI-y-ßƒ a\:-]m-T-am-°p-I, IpSpw-_-{]m¿∞\ F∂nh \njvI¿j-tbm-sS ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p. Rmb-dmgvN Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ß-ƒ Ghcpw tN¿∂p ]≈n Bcm-[-\-°mbn Ir-X-yk-a-bØp sN∂p-tN-cp-∂p. ap≥]n¬ hncn-®n-cn°p∂ ]p¬]m-bn¬ A≤ym-]-I-cpsS ta¬-t\m´- Ø n¬ A®- S - ° - t ØmsS Ccn- ° p∂ IpńIƒ°p Xnc- ° p≈ Ip¿_m\ ka- b - ß - f n¬ ]pd-Øn-dß - p-hm≥ e`n-°p∂ Akp-e` kμ¿`ßƒ hfsc kt¥m-j-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]≈n Bcm-[-\bv°p tijw `h-\-Øn¬ FØn D®- ` - £ - W - Ø n- \ p- t ijw ktlm- Z - c t\mSpw ktlm-Z-cn-am-tcmSpw tN¿∂p ho≠pw ]≈n-bn-te°v. agtbm shbntem Hcp {]iv\a - mbn-cp-∂n-√. sh≈-s∏m°w aqew bm{X ZpjvI-camb Znh-k-ß-fn¬ am{Xw Ah[n e`n-®n-cp-∂p. H∂c aWn BIp-tºm-tg°pw CS-hI ]≈n-°qS-Ønse ¢mkv apdn-Iƒ H‰ lmfmbn cq]-s∏-ńcn-°pw. Ccp-hi - Ø - mbn BÏp-ń-Ifpw s]-Ïp-ń-Ifpw _©n¬ Ccn-∏p-d-∏n°pw apXn¿∂ Ipń-Ifpw A≤-ym-]-Icpw ]n≥]n-epw. GXm≠v Ac-a-Wn-°q¿ ]pXnb ]m´p-]cnio-e-\hpw ]Tn® ]m´p-I-fpsS Bh¿Ø-\hpw AXn-\p-tijw ""-kz- ¿sK k - nw-lm-k\w Np‰n', "kvt\l-Øn-

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

≥ CS-b\mw tbip-sh' F∂o Km\-ßfn¬ H∂p ]mSp-tºmƒ F√m-hcpw Fgp-t∂‰p \n∂p ap-≥]n¬ \Sp-hn-embn h®n-cn-°p∂ Ip´-bn¬ hcn-h-cn-bmbn h∂p kvtXm{X-Im-gvNI - ƒ ka¿-∏n-°pw. Ipºn-fn¬ s]mXn-™p-sIm-≠p-hc - p∂ Acn-bm-bn-cp∂p BZyIme kvtXm{X-Im-gvN-Iƒ. ]-≈n-bnepw kvIqfp-Ifn-ep-ambn \S-°p∂ ¢m p-I-fn-te°p F√m-hcpw tN¿∂p Hcp Hm´-am-Wv. ]n-∂oSv GI-tZiw Hcp aWn-°q-tdmfw thZ-]p-kvXI IY-Iƒ ]Tn-°p∂ Xnc-°n-emIpw. ho≠pw ]m´p XpS-ßp-sºmƒ Hcp-an®p-IqSn {]m¿∞-\bv°p ti-jw kt¥m-jI - c - a - mb Hcp Zn\w Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. inip-h-Ip∏v, _me-h-Ip-∏v, Ipam-c-h-Ip-∏v, a≤yh-Ip-∏v, tPy-jvT-h-Ip∏v F∂o 5 ¢m p-I-fn¬ 3 h¿jw hoXw ]Tn-®p. tPy-jvT-h-Ip∏v FØp-tºmƒ Zqsc ]T-\Ø - n\p t]mIp-∂h - ¿ hn´p-]n-cn-bp-∂p. F√m h¿jhpw h¿jm-¥y ]co-£bpw _ncpZp ]co-£bpw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. hm¿jn-It- bmKw IpńI-fpsS Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kΩm-\-Zm\w F∂n-hbm¬ Hcp BtLmjambn amdpw. {Inkv X p- a kv Ime- b - f - h n¬ Km\- ß ƒ ]mSn Xtº¿ sImń cm{Xn-Im-eß - f - n¬ CS-hI - b - nse F√m `h-\-ßfpw kμ¿in-°p∂p. apXn¿∂ k¨tU-kvIqƒ Ipń-Iƒ, ]nXm-°-∑m-tcmSp tN¿∂p sN-dp-_m-e-I-cpw bph-P-\-ßfpw A≤-ym-]-Icpw AS°w Hcp \√Iq´w Htcm `h-\-Øn-s‚bpw ap‰Øp-\n∂p ]mSn B¿°p-∂Xp a\ n¬ \n∂pw ambmØ Hcp A\p-`-h-ambn \n¬°p-∂p. s]t{Sm-amIv k ns‚ shfn- ® - Ø n¬ henb \£- { X- Ø ns‚ AI-º-Sn-tbmsS cm{Xn hfsc sshIn Hcp `h\Øn-¬ sN-∂m-epw kt¥m-j-tØmsS kzo-I-cn°p∂ CS-h-Imw-K-ßƒ. ]e hoSp-I-fnepw Xn∂phm-\pw IpSn-°p-hm\pw \¬Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. {InkvXp-akv cm{Xn-bn¬ \S-°p∂ Imcƒ BtLmjw, ]m´p-Iƒ, Smtªm, kvIn‰p-Iƒ Ae-¶mc-ßƒ \nd-™-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. IS-emkp tXmc-W-ßfpw sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p Ae-¶m-c-h-kvXp°ƒ. C∂-sØ-t∏m-se-bp≈ sse‰p-Itfm F√m-hcp-sSbpw ap≥]n¬ ssa°p-Itfm C√m-bn-cp-∂p. i–w Db¿Øn-]m-Snbpw kwkm-cn-®p-amWv F√m-hscbpw tIƒ∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. tPy-jvT-h-Ip-∏p-hsc ]Tn-®-Xn\p tijw Npcpßnb \mfp-Iƒ A≤-ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\p-ti-jamWv F\n°p {]nb-s∏´ \ncWw hn´p D]-cn-]T - \ - Øn\pw tPmen- ° p- a mbn \mSp- h n- t S- ≠ n- h - ∂ - X v . k¨tU-kvIqƒ Ime-b-f-hn¬ F\n°p kl-]m-

Tn-Ifpw kplr-Øp-I-fp-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]\- º ‰ Fw.- s F. amXyp, InW- ‰ p- I c _m_p am-Xyp, \m\m{X A\n-b≥, amWn∏- d - º n¬ Ip- ™ p- t am≥, Ip∂- Ø p- I p- g nbn¬ Ip™p- t am- ≥ , InW- ‰ p- I c cmPp, {]km-Zv, Ipe-Øm-°¬ tPmbn, aW-te¬ t__n-°p-ń, ssZ-hk∂n-[n-bn¬ tN¿°s∏´ tNcn-°¬ - cmP≥, amfn-tb-°¬ Xºn F∂n-h-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ \√ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ B ]g-b-Im-e-ßƒ H∂p-IqSn XncnsI e`n-®ncp-s∂-¶n¬ F∂ tamlw Ah-ti-jn-∏n°p∂p. A≤-ym-]-I-cmbn tkh\w sNbvX ]-e-tcbpw Ipdn-®p≈ a[p-c-kva-c-W-Iƒ ambmsX \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. πm∏p-tgØp Fw.]n. tPm¿÷p km¿, {][m\ A≤-ym-]I - ≥, ]m-´p ]cn-io-e-I-\m-bn-cp∂ Ifo-°¬ {io. F≥.-Pn. DΩ≥, \m\m{X {io. F≥.-kn.-tXmakv, im¥\pw Zo¿L-Imew sk{I-´d - n-bpam-bn-cp∂ {io. hn.-sF. tPm¿÷v, Iq-Ø∏ - ≈n¬ {io. sI.-hn. sNdn-bm≥, aW-en¬ Nm≠n-km¿, Nme-°m-ń¬ {io. sI.-sP. tXma-kv, InW-‰p-Ic {io.-sI.-Fw. Ip-cp--hnf, amWn-]d - º - n¬ {io. tXmakv Ip-cy≥, Fs‚ ]nXmhv {io. hn.-sI. DΩ≥ F-∂n-h¿ ImńX∂ amXrI Fs∂∂pw Po-hn--XØ - n\p hgnIm- ´ n- b m- b n. k¨tU- k v I q- ƒ anj- \ dn Bbn-cp∂ InW-‰p-Ic {io. sI.kn. tXmakns‚ h√-t∏m-gp-ap≈ k-μ¿i\w Hm¿Ωbn¬ C∂pw \n¬°p-∂p. Fs‚ k¨tUkvIqƒ ]T-\-Im-e-Øp tkh\w sNbvX _lp-am-\-s∏´ sI.-Fw. tXmakv A®≥, kn.-hn. G{_-lmw A®-≥, Fw.-sF. AeIvkm-≠¿ A®≥ F∂n-hc-- psS kvt\tlmjva-f-amb CS-s]-S¬ Ipfn¿Ω ]I¿∂n-cp∂p. F¥p-sIm≠pw kt¥m-jI - c - hpw A-\p{K-lI - c - h - p-am-bn-cp∂p Fs‚ k¨tU-kI v qƒ Pohn-Xw. ]n∂n´ 74 h¿j-ßƒ Hm-¿°ptºmƒ sbcp-itew CS-h-I-bn-eq-sSbpw k¨tU-kvIqfneq-sSbpw e`n® ssZ-hoI A\p-{K-l-ßƒ F{X \μn ]d-™m-epw A[n-Ia - m-hn-√. XpS¿∂pw \-Ωp-sS k¨tUkvIqƒ hcpwXe-ap-dI - ƒ-°p Hcp A\p-{K-lambn XpS-cs´ F∂ Biw-k-tbm-sS Cu Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ D]-kw-lc - n-°p-∂p. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ-

-F-∂nse ambmØ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ

Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ amXyp, ]≈n-®nd t{Kkv hn√, Ip‰-∏pg (ap≥ A≤ym-]-I≥)

\n cWw

sbcp- i tew am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIqƒ 150 h¿jw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p∂p F∂-dn-™-t∏mƒ F\n-°p-≠mb kt¥mjw hm°p-Iƒ°-∏p-d-am-Wv. ImcWw Rms\∂ hy‡nsb cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bX - n¬ Fs‚ amXr-tZ-hm-ebhpw Ahn-SpsØ k¨tU-kI v qfpw hln® ]¶v A{X \n¿Æm-b-I-am-Wv. B ]≈nbpw ]cn-kchpw Fs‚ Bﬂ-kØ - b - p-ambn Cg-]n-cn-°m-\mhmØ hn[w _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ]d-bmw. Rm≥ am{X-a√ Fs∂-t∏mse \qdp-IW - ° - n\v hy‡n-Isf DØa a\p-jy-cm°n {InkvXob hni-zmk-Øn¬ ÿnc-s∏-SpØn Pohn-Xm-tbm-[\ - Ø - n\v k÷-cm-°n-b-b® al-Ømb ]cn-io-e-\-I-f-cnbmWv sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ. Hcp k¨tU- k v I qƒ hnZ- y m¿∞n- b mbpw A≤ym-]I - \ - mbpw Rm≥ AhnsS Nne-hn´ h¿jßƒ Fs‚ hy-‡n-Xz hnIm-kØ - n\pw t\XrXz]-c-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ tX®p-an-\p-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂Xnepw Gsd klm-b-I-c-am-bn-´p-≠v. ka¿∏-Wt_m-[hpw Zo¿L-ho-£W - h - p-ap≈ Hcp t\Xr-\nc sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

B k¨tU-kvIqfns‚ {]tX-y-I-X-bm-bncp-∂p. Ah-cpsS kzm-[o\w Ip´n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ DS-\ofw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. Fs‚ ]n¬°m-ePo-hn-XØ - n¬ Rm≥ Fs¥-¶nepw t\Sn-bn´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXn\v Imc-W-ambn Rm≥ ImWp-∂Xv k¨tU-kvIqƒ A`-y-k-\Øn¬ IqSn F\n°v ssIh∂ aqe-y-t_m[hpw {]Xn- k - ‘ n- I sf t\cn- S m- \ p≈ ss[cy-h-pam-Wv. ss__nƒ ]T\w am{Xa√, {]kw-K-I-e-bnepw t\Xr-]-cn-io-e-\Ønepw k¨tU- k v I qƒ Gsd {i≤ sNep-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. inip-h-Ip-∏n¬ XpSßn tPy-jvT-h-Ip∏p-hsc \ofp∂ k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]mT-y-]≤Xn ]q¿Øn- b m- ° n- s b∂p am{X- a √ AhnsS Rm≥ A≤-ym-]-I-\mbn XpS-cpIbpw sNbvXp. tPy-jvTh - I - p-∏n¬ ]Tn-°ptºmƒ 97% am¿t°msS _ncpZp ]co£ ]mkm-bXpw Bcm-[\ - a - t- ≤y F\n°v CS-hI- b psS {]tXyI ]pc- k v I mcw \¬In A\p-tam-Zn-®Xpw C∂pw Hm¿Ω-bn¬ Xßn\n¬°p∂ \nan-j-ß-fm-Wv. kΩm-\-hpambn ho´n-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ AΩ-®n-bpsS hI imk- \ , Rm≥ Hcp ssIsIm- ≠ mWs{X kΩm\w kzo-Ic - n-®X - v. AXv ac-ym-Z-

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

tI-Sm-sW∂pw kΩm-\-ßƒ c≠p ssIøpw \oń-thWw kzo-I-cn-t°-≠-sX∂ D]-tZ-ihpw X∂p. Aßs\ F{X-sb{X ]mT-ßfpw imk-\Ifpw in£-W-ß-fp-amWv \Ωsf \Ω-fm-°p∂Xv. A°m-eØv sh¨]-dº - n¬ tPm¿÷p-Iqń kmdm-bn-cp∂p k¨tU-kvIqƒ slUvam-Ã¿. _ncpZp ]co- £ - b n¬ Xnf- ° - a m¿∂ hnPbw t\Snb Fs∂ A\p-tam-Zn-®-tijw At±lw ]d™p ASp- Ø - b mgv N apX¬ A≤- y m- ] - I \mbn Npa-X-e-tb¬°-W-sa-∂v. c≠p-h¿jw ]n∂n-´-t∏mƒ Rm≥ CS-h-I-bpsS k¨tUkvIqƒ sk{I-´-dn-bmbn sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p. A≤-ym-]-I-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ Ahn-kva-c-Wo-bamb A\p-`h - a - m-bn-cp-∂p Nc¬°p-∂n¬ \S∂ A≤-ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ Iym-ºv. kamPw P\-d¬ sk{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp∂ Znh-y{io tUm. sI.sI. tPm¿÷v A®s‚ t\Xr-X-z-Øn¬ \S∂ Iymºn¬ Ipń-I-fpsS a\:-imkv{Xw, A≤-ym-]\ coXn-Iƒ, {]kw-K-Ie XpSßn hnhn[ hnj-bßfmWv ssIIm-cyw sNbvX-Xv. am¿tØmΩm k`-bnse {]K¤ ]´-°m-cmb kÆn tPm¿÷v A®≥, Nme-°m-ń¬ tPm¿Pn A®≥ k¨tUkvIqfn¬ Fs‚ hnZ-ym-¿∞n-If - m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n¬°m-eØv kÆn-b® - ≥ Ip‰-∏pg ]≈n-bn¬ Hcp NS-ßn¬ C°m-cyw A\p-kva-cn-°bpw sNbvXtXm¿°p-∂p. k¨tU- k v I qƒ {]h¿Ø- \ - ß - f n¬ Fs∂ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw hgn-Im-ń-If - m-hpIbpw sNbvX Nne hy-‡n-I-fp-≠v. Ah-cn¬ {][m-\n-bmWv sh¨]-d-ºn¬ tPm¿÷p-Ipń km¿. Rm≥ apXn¿∂ ¢mkp-I-fn¬ ]Tn-°ptºmƒ Xs∂ s]mXp-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n°p- ∂ - X n\pw a‰pw At±lw Fs∂ H∏w \n¿Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]mse Nme-°m-ń¬ tXmam-®m-b≥, amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ t__n-®m-b≥, CS-h-ImwKw IqSn-bmb A`n-h-μy kJ-dn-bmkv Xncp-ta-\n, hnIm-cn-am-cmb Znh-y{io Fw.-sF. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ A®≥, ]n.-H. tPm¿÷v A®≥, Fkv.h - n. sNdn-bm≥ A®≥ F∂n-hs - cbpw \μn]q¿Δw kvacn-°p-∂p. Nme-°m-ń¬ tXmam-®m-bs\ Hm¿°m-Xn-cn°m≥ Ign-bn-√. tPy-jT v h - I - p-∏n¬ Fs‚ A≤ym]- I - \ m- b n- c p∂p At±- l w. ]n¬°m- e Øv At±lw slUvam-Ã-dm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Hcp kl-A-≤-ym-]-I-\mbn {]h¿Øn-°m\pw F\n-

°-h-kcw e`n-®p. F√m i\n-bm-gvN-Ifnepw A≤-ym-]-I-cpsS Hcp ao‰nwKv ]mgvk-t\-Pn¬ IqSn-bn-cp-∂p. sIm√Øp tPmen sNbvXn-cp∂ tXmam- ® m- b ≥ Ahn- s S- \ n∂pw t\sc Cu ao‰nw-Kn-te-°mWv hcp-∂-Xv. Ign-™-bm-gvNsØ ¢m p-I-sf-∏‰n Hcp hne-bn-cp-Ø¬, XpS¿∂v \mfsØ ¢m p- I ƒ°p- t h≠n Fs¥√mw Hcp-°-ßƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p-s≠∂ At\-z-j-Ww, Nne-t∏mƒ A≤-ym-]-I-cn¬ Hcmƒ ¢ms -SpØp ImWn-t°-≠n-hc - pw XncpØ-ep-I-fp-≠m-hpw A{X-am{Xw khn-tij {i≤-tbm-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p At±lw slUvamÃ¿ F∂ Npa-Xe \n¿Δ-ln-®n-cp-∂X - v. F√m Ipń- I ƒ°pw A≤- y m- ] - I ¿°pw P∑- Z n\ Biwk Im¿Up-Iƒ IrX-y-ambn X]m-en¬ Ab-°p∂ ]Xnhpw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p. A°m-eØv X]m-en¬ Biwk Im¿UpIƒ ssI∏-‰pI F∂Xv GsXmcp Ipń°pw F{X BÀm-Z-I-c-am-bn-cp-°p-sa∂v Duln-°pI. Fs‚ ]nXmhpw ]nXm-al - \pw Zim-–ß - tfmfw CS-hI k¨tU-kI v qfn¬ A≤-ym-]I - cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS ]n¥p-S¿®-°m-c-\mbn AtX ]mX ]n¥p- S - c p- h m≥ F\n°pw Ign™p F∂-Xn¬ A`n-am-\n-°p-∂p. Fs‚ F√m slUv a m- Ã ¿am- s cbpw A≤ym- ] - I scbpw ]m´p- I ƒ ]Tn- ∏ n® I≈- n bv ° se sIm®n-ÆpÆn kmdn-s\bpw CS-hI - b - nse Xeap-Xn¿∂ a‰p AwK-ß-sfbpw Rm≥ ChnsS \μn-]q¿Δw kvacn-°p-∂p. Bdp Xe-ap-dI - sf hm¿sØ-SpØ t{ijvT Kpcp-°-∑m-cm-Wt√m Ah¿. t\Xr-\n-c-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ {]h¿Øn°p∂ F√m-h-scbpw {]tX-y-In®v A¿∏-Wt_m-[t- ØmsS {]h¿Øn-°p∂ jmPn InW‰p-Ic - , PnPn sh¨]-dº - n¬ F∂n-hsc Rm≥ A`n-\μ - n-°p-∂p. \q‰n-b-ºXv h¿jw kpZo¿L-amb Hcp Ime-bf - h - mWv. C°m-ea - {- Xbpw \sΩ Ptbm’-ha - mbn \S-Ønb ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°mw. apt∂m-´p≈ bm{X-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ ê-{]-Zambn {]h¿Øn-°p-hm\pw Ime-L-´-Øns‚ sh√p-hn-fn-Isf adn-I-S-°p-hm≥ {]m]vX-cmb Xe- a p- d sb k÷- a m- ° p- h m\pw \ncWw am¿tØmΩm CS- h - I bv ° pw k¨tUkvIqfn\pw Ign-bs´ F∂p {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw Biw-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ

h¿°n h¿§okv Iß-tgØv -(ap≥ A≤ym-]-I≥)

itXmØc kph¿Æ Pq_nen BtLm-jn-°p∂ sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIq-fn\v F√m-hn[ Biw-k-Ifpw A¿∏n-°p-∂p. At\-I¿°v ssZhoI Z¿i\w sImSp-ØpsIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu k¨tUkvIqfns\ F{X A`n-\μn-®mepw aXn-bm-Ip-I-bn-√. Cu k¨tUkvIqfns‚ Hcp ap≥Ime hnZym¿-∞nbpw Npcp-ßnb Hcp Ime-b-f-hnse A≤ym-]-I-\p-amWv Cu teJ-I≥. Fs‚ Pohn-XsØ {InkvXob am¿§-Øn¬ Icp-]n-Sn∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Cu k¨tUkvIqfnse ]T-\hpw A≤-ym]-\hpw Fs∂ hf-sc-b-[nIw klm-bn-®n-´p≠v F∂v km£-y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wv Cu teJ-\-Øn-eqsS Rm≥ Dt±in-°p-∂-Xv.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

H∂m-a-Xmbn thdn´ Hcp PohnXw AXmbXv sX‰mb Iq´p-sI-ń-sem∂pw t]mImsX {InkvXob Pohn-X-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬In Pohn-°p-hm≥ F\n°v klm-bI - a - m-bn-cp-∂p. c≠m-a-Xmbn t\Xr-\n-c-bn¬ tim`n-°phm≥ F\n°v ASn-Ød ]mIn X∂-Xv Cu k¨tUkvIqƒ Xs∂-bmWv F∂v ]d-bp∂-Xn¬ F\n°v hfsc A`n-am-\-ap-≠v. ÃpU≥kv Iym-ºn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-XmWv PohnX-Øn¬ as‰mcp hgn-Øn-cn-hm-b-Xv. BZ-ysams° Iym-ºn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥ aSn-s®¶nepw Fs‚ ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw A∂sØ CShI hnIm-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂ _lp. ]n.-H. tPm¿÷v A®-s‚bpw \n¿∫-‘-Øn\v hgßn A®s‚ aI≥ {]km-Zp-samØv Rm≥ Nc¬°p-∂n¬ t]mbn ]s¶-Sp-Øp. A∂v h∂ Ip-ń-I-sf-sb√mw ]e {Kq∏p-I-fmbn Xncn®mWv ¢mkp-Iƒ FSp-°p-∂Xpw sKbn-apfnepw F‚¿sS-bv≥sa‚p-I-fn-ep-sams° ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. A∂v Hcp {Kq∏ns‚ eoU¿ BbXv Rm\m-Wv. B {Kq∏ns‚ t]cv tPm¿÷v hmjnw-KvS¨ F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. s]mXp ao‰nwKv IqSp-tºmƒ {Kq∏ns\ {]Xn-\n-[o-Icn®v kwkm-cn-t°-≠Xpw Rm\m-bn-cp-∂p. as‰mcp {]tNm-Z\w B ao‰nw-Kn¬ \n∂pw F\n-°v Inń-bXv A`n-hμ - y tUm. bqlm-t\m≥ am¿tØmΩm sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbn¬ \n∂mbn-cp∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ssienbpw t\XrX-z-]m-Shpw Hs° a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ km[n®p. IqSmsX BZ-y-Ip¿∫m-\bpw hμyXncpta-\n-bn¬ \n∂pw kzo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™Xpw Fs‚ Pohn-X-Ønse Hcp `mK-y-ambn IW-°m-°p-∂p. AXn¬ ]ns∂ Rm≥ t]mIp∂ CS-ß-fn-se√mw Hcp t\XrXz ÿm\tam GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn-ep≈ ]¶m-fnØtam Fs∂ ImØn-cn-∏p-≠m-Ipw. Hm¿Ωbn-¬ hcp∂ Nne-sXms° kqNn-∏n-°s´. bph-P-\-k-J-y-Øns‚ F√m `mc-hm-ln-X-zhpw hln-®n-´p-≠v. ]Øp h¿j-tØmfw CS-hI sk{I-´d - n-bmbpw HmUn-‰d - mbpw {]h¿Øn-®p. tZh-kzw t_m¿Uv ]ºm tImtf-Pn¬ ]Tn®n-cp∂ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ÃpU‚ vkv {InÃy≥ aqhvsa‚ns‚ bqWn‰v ÿm]n®v {]Ya sk{I-´-dn-bmbn _lp-am-\-s∏´ hn.-‰n. h¿§okv (sN-dp-tIm¬) t\msSm∏w {]h¿Øn°p--hm≥ km[n-®n-´p-≠v. Fkv.-kn.-Fw.s‚ 78

bqWn‰v ÿm]n-X-am-Ip-∂-Xn\v ap≥]v ]cp-ae ]≈n-bn¬ IqSn-bn-cp∂ Fw.Pn.-H.-kn.-F-kv.-Fw.s‚ ao‰nw-Kp-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ ]cp-ae ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂v {]kw-Kn-°p-Ibpw sN-bvXXv hfsc kt¥m-j-tØmsS Hm¿°p-∂p. _me-P-\-k-Jyw c£m-[n-Imcn, ssh.-Fw.-kn.-F.-bpsS sk{I-´-dn, {]kn-U‚ v F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ {]h¿Øn®n-´p-≠v. Be-∏pg Pn√ aZ-y-h¿÷\ kan-Xn-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-®Xpw Hs° Hm¿°p-∂p. AXv Aßs\ \o≠p-t]mIp-∂p. aq∂m-aX - mbn ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv k¨tUkvIqfn¬ \n∂pw ]Tn® ]m´p-Isf--°p-dn-®m-Wv. kvIqfn¬ Ah[n In´p∂ ka-b-ß-fn¬ Hs° AΩ ho´n¬ t]mbn \n¬°p∂ ]Xn-hp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. AΩ®n X\n-®m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Iq-´p-t]m-Ip∂XmWv. cm{Xn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ k¨tUkvIqfn¬ \n∂pw ]Tn® ]m´p-Iƒ hfsc D®-Øn¬ ]mSpw. At∏mƒ Ab¬]-°sØ hoSp-I-fn¬ ]dbpw C∂v Xpcp-Øn-∏-d-ºnse AΩ®n°v \nc-WØp \n∂pw X¶-Ω-bpsS a°ƒ h∂n-´p≠v Iq´n-\v. Np‰p-ap-≠mbn-cp∂ hoSp-If - n¬ \ΩpsS k`-bnse {]apJ sshZnI\mbn-cp∂ Fw.-]n. tXm-akv A®s‚ IpSpw-_hpw as‰m∂v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnse \ncWw `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]≥ A`n-h-μy tUm. bqlm-t\m≥ am¿ {Intkm-Ã-tamkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS `h-\-hp-am-bncp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Ah-sc-sbms° ImWptºmƒ XI¿Øp-I-f-™t√m F∂p ]d-bpw. A∂v AXn-s\m∂pw A{X hne I¬∏n-®n-cp-s∂-¶nepw C∂v CsXms° Hm¿Ω- b n¬ hcp- t ºmƒ hfsc kt¥mjw tXm∂p-∂p. ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ At\-I¿°v {]tNm-Z-\-ta-Inb \ncWw sbcp-itew k¨tUkvIqƒ C\nbpw At\-I¿°v {]tNm-Z-\-am-Is´ F∂v {]m¿∞n°p-∂p. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

Xe-ap-d-I-fn-eq-sS...

amXyqkv h¿Kokv ]≈n-®nd kvt\l-`-h≥ (ap≥ A≤ym-]-I≥)

F-¥n-\pw H-cp Xp-S-°w B-hi-y-am-W-t√m? F-∂m¬ F-ßs\, F-hn-sS \n-∂pw Xp-S-ßW-sa-∂v H-cp cq-]h - pw In-´p-∂n√. 150- ˛ mw hm¿- j n- I w BtLm-jn-°p-∂ F-s‚ {]n-bs∏-´ k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ C-d° - p∂ kp-h-\o-dn-s‚ Xm-fp-I-fn¬ C-Sw-In-´p-I- F-∂-Xv H-cp `m-Kyam-bn, Aw-Ko-Im-ca - m-bn I-cp-Xp∂p. F-s‚ Hm¿-ΩI - s - f H-cp 50 h¿-jw ]p-d-In-te-°v sIm-≠pt]m-Ip-I-bm-Wv. A-tX, \-Ωpsbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

sS k¨-tU-kvI - q-fn-s‚ sk-‚ n-\d - n B-tLm-jn-® B kp-Zn-\Ø - n-te-°v. `m-Ky- h - i - m¬ B k-tΩ-f\ - Øn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥ F--\n-°pw A-h-k-cw e-`n®p. A-hn-kv-a-c-Wo-b-am-b H-cp A-\p-`-h-am-bn-cp-∂Xv. Rm≥ A-h-[n-bn¬ h-∂ Zn-\-ßƒ. k-tΩ-f\ - Ø - n-se ap-Jy- {- ]-`m-jI - ≥ Im-ew-sNbv-X A-`n-h-μy H-kv-Øm-kn-tbm-kv Xn-cp-ta-\n-bmbn-cp-∂p. B Im-e-L-´-Øn-se {]-K-¤-\m-bn-cp-∂ kp-hn-ti-j {]-kw-K-I≥ Fw.-hn. tPm¿-÷v A®≥. A-t±-lØ - n-s‚ A-∂s - Ø {]-`m-jW - Ø - n-se ]-e B-ib - ß - f - pw ]-I¬-t]m-se Hm¿-Ωb - n¬ sXfn-™p-hc - p-∂p. sk‚n-\d - n B-tLm-jn-°p-∂ sbcp-i-tew k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fn-se Ip-ń-I-tfm-Sv A-t±lw H-cp tNm-Zyw sXm-Sp-Øp-hn-´p. ""-`-£-Ww I-gn°p-∂-Xn-\p ap-ºv, B-lm-cw X-∂-Xn-\m-bn ssZ-hØn-\v kv-tXm-{Xw sN-øp-∂, {]m¿-∞n-°p-∂ Ip-ńIƒ ssI-Iƒ D-b¿-Øn-bm-s´! B-cpw H-cn-°-epw {]-Xo-£n-°m-Ø-Xm-bn-cp-∂p B tNm-Z-yw. \n¿-`mK-ys - a-∂v ]-db - s - ´ H-cp Ip-™p-t]m-epw ssI-øp-b¿Øn-bn-√. ]-cn-Xm-]I - c - s - a-∂v hn-ti-jn-∏n-s®-¶n-epw A-∂s - Ø \-Ωp-sS Ip-™p-ßf - p-sS k-Xy-k‘ - X - sb A-t±-lw ]p-I-gv-Øm-Xn-cp-∂n-√. C-∂v \-Ωp-sS k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ Ip-ń-I-tfm-Sv B tNm-Zyw B-h¿-

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

B-lm-cw I-gn-°p-∂-Xn-\p ap-ºv X-∂ B-lm-c-Øn-\v ssZ-h-Øn-\v \-μn-I-tc-‰p-I; kvt- Xm-{Xw sN-øp-I; k-‘ybv-°v ]Tn-°m≥ Xp-S-ßp∂-Xn-\p ap-ºv th-Z-]p-kv-XIw hm-bn-°p-I Xp-S-ßn-b \-√ io-e-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-®p-X∂ ]n-Xm-a-l-∑m-tc-bpw amXm- ] n- X m- ° - t f- b pw Hm¿°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ A-sXm-cp \-μn-tI-Sm-In-t√? Øn-®m¬ H-´p-ap-°m-epw ssI-Iƒ Db-cp-sa-∂X - n¬ F-\n-°v kw-ib - a - n-√. ap-Xn¿-∂-h-tcm-Sv B tNm-Zyw tNm-Zn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ F-∂p Rm≥ B-in-®p-t]m-bn. A-ß-s\ F-s‚ Hcp kp-h¿-Æm-h-k-cw \-„-am-bn. Blm-cw I-gn-°p-∂-Xn-\p ap-ºv X-∂ B-lm-c-Øn-\v ssZ-h-Øn-\v \-μn-Itc-‰p-I; kvt- Xm-{Xw sN-øp-I; k-‘ybv-°v ]Tn-°m≥ Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xn-\p apºv th-Z-]p-kv-X-Iw hm-bn-°p-I Xp-Sßn-b \-√ io-eß - ƒ ]Tn-∏n-®p-X∂ ]n-Xm-a-l-∑m-tc-bpw am-Xm-]n-Xm-°tf-bpw Hm¿-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ A-sXmcp \-μn-tI-Sm-In-t√? t]- c - ° n- S m- ß ƒ h- g - ° p- I q- S ptºmƒ, i-√yw Im-´p-tºmƒ am-Xm-]nXm-°∑ - m¿ ]-db - p-am-bn-cp-∂p-˛""-AΩ - ®n-bp-tS-tbm A-∏® - t- ‚-tbm A-Sp-°tem-´v sN-√-Sm, A-h¿ \-√ I-Y-Iƒ ]-d-™p-tIƒ-∏n-°pw A-√m-Ø-]£w \-√ ]m-´p-Iƒ ]T-∏n-°pw''. C∂-sØ \-Ωp-sS C-fw-X-e-ap-d-bv-°v \- „ - s ∏- ´ p- s Im- ≠ n- c n- ° p- ∂ \- √ ss]-Xr-Iw! Rm≥ B¿.-kn.-kn.-bn¬ td-Untb-j-\p hn-t[-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂ k-a-bw. ]-e {]m-bØ - n-epw A-hÿ - b - n-epw D-

≈-h¿. A-Xn-sem-cp c-≠c - h-b - p-Im-cs - \ a-d° - pI {]-bm-kw. {]m-b-Øn-s‚ F-√m hn-Ir-Xn-Ø-cß-fpw A-h-\pw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Nn-e A-h-k-c-ßfn¬ A-h-s\ \n-b-{¥n-°p-I _p-≤n-ap-´m-Im-dp-≠v. A-hs - ‚ i-√yw k-ln-°m-Xm-hp-tºmƒ A-Ωt- bm A-∏t- \m sam-ss_-en¬ H-cp sK-bnw \-evI - n A-hs\ im-¥-\m-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. C-sXm-cp \n-X-y-kw-`h-am-bn am-dn-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ C-hn-sS Ip-dn-°m≥ {i-an-®-Xv ]-g-b Xe-ap-d-bn-se ]n-Xm-a-l-∑m¿ am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ kmtcm-]-tZ-i-ß-f-S-ßn-b I-Y-I-fpw ]m-´p-I-fpw ]Tn∏n-®v Ip-ń-Is - f h-f¿-Øn-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ C-∂n-Xm... \m-Sv Hm-Sp-tºmƒ \-Sp-th Hm-SW - a - t- √m? Xo¿-®b - mbpw Hm-S-Ww. ]-t£ ho-gm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ \-∂v. _me≥ \-S-t°-≠p-∂-Xm-b h-gn-bn¬ \-S-tØ-≠-Xns‚ B-h-iyw C-hn-sS sh-fn-hm-Ip-∂p. H-cn-°¬ H-cp A-≤-ym-]n-I ]-¶p-h-® H-cp kw`-hw C-hn-sS Ip-dn-°p-∂p. Ip-ń-I-fp-sS D-Ø-c-°S-em-kp-Iƒ A-h¿ hn-X-c-Ww sN-øp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. X-ßf - p-sS D-Øc - ß - f - pw In-ń-b am¿-°pw ]-cntim-[n-°m≥ Ip-ń-Iƒ-°v A-h¿ A-h-k-cw \-evIn. A-[n-Iw Xm-a-kn-®n-√, B ¢m- n-se an-Sp-°nbm-b H-cp Ip-ń A-≤ym-]n-Ib - p-sS A-Sp-°s - e-Øn ]-d-™p, So-®¿ F-s‚ am¿-°v Iq-ń-b-Xn¬ sX-‰p≠v. F-\n-°v C-{X am¿-t° Iq-ń-bm¬ In-´p-I-bp≈p. F-∂m¬ So-®¿ F-\n-°v A-Xn¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ am¿-°v C-ń-´p-≠v. C-Xp-aq-ew G-tXm H-cp Ip-ń-bpsS dm-¶nw-Kn¬ ]n-i-Ip ]-‰n-°m-Wp-a-t√m? So-®-dpsS {]-Xn-I-c-Ww Xn-I-®pw hn-`n-∂-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ ¢m- n-se Ip-ń-Is - f-√mh-tcm-Sp-am-bn A-h¿ ]d-™p-˛-t\m-°q Cu Ip-ń-°v 48 am¿-t° In-´m≥ A¿-l-X-bp-≈q. F-∂m¬ am¿-°v Iq-ń-b-Xn¬ F\n-°v sX-‰p-]‰ - n. B-tcm-Spw ]-db - m-sX In-ń-b am¿°p-am-bn Cu Ip-ń-°v A-hn-sS C-cp-∂m¬ a-Xn-bmbn-cp-∂p. Cu Ip-ń-bp-sS k-X-y-k-‘-X-bv-°v F¥m-Wp \¬-Ip-I. ¢m- n-se Ip-ń-Iƒ H-∂S- ¶ - w ]d-™p So-®¿ \-ev-In-b A-{X-bpw am¿-°v X-s∂ B Ip-ń-°v C-cn-°-s´. A-\p-I-c-Wo-b-am-b aq-∂p am-Xr-II - ƒ-˛ Ip-ń, So-®¿, ¢m- n-se a-‰p Ip-ń-Iƒ. C-∂p \-Ωp-sS Ip-™p-ßƒ B-tc-bm-Ip-∂p am-Xr-I-bm-°p-∂-Xv. A-Xn-\v a-s‰m-cmƒ Cu temI-Øn-en-√. A-tX \-Ωp-sS I¿-Øm-hpw ho-s≠-Sp∏p-Im-c\ - p-am-b tb-ip-{In-kvX - p-Xs - ∂. X-s‚ am-Xm]n-Xm-°-∑m¿-°v Io-g-S-ßn; A-h-sc k-lm-bn-® Ip-ń-°m-ew. {]m¿-∞-\-bn¬ D-‰n-cp-∂-h≥; em-fnXy-Øn-s‚ D-Ø-a am-Xr-I; kv-t\-l-Øn-s‚ aq¿sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Øo-`m-hw; {Iq-in-se a-c-W-tØm-fw ]n-Xmhn- s \ A- \ p- k - c n- ® - h ≥. A- ß - s \ ]- d ™m¬ Xo-cm-Ø am-Xr-I-Iƒ. A-h-\m-Is´ F-√m-hc - p-tS-bpw am-Xr-I. {]-tXy-In-®v \Ωp-sS Ip-ń-I-fp-sS. Po-hn-X-Øn-se k-t¥m-j Zn-\-ß-sf \mw H-cn-°e - pw a-d∂ - p-t]m-In-√t- √m. F-s‚ Po-hn-X-Øn-se G-‰w k-t¥m-jw \n-d-™ Zn-\-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ ]T-\ Im-e-L-´-hpw A-≤-ym-]-\ Zn-\-ß-fpw. F∂pw a-\- n¬ Xm-tem-en-°m≥ ]-‰n-b kpZn-\-ßƒ. Rm≥ k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n-® Ip-™p-ßƒ, A-h¿ F-\n-°v a-°-sf-t∏mse-bpw; A-h¿-°v Rm≥ H-cp ]n-Xm-hn-s\t∏m-se-bpw B-bn-cp-∂p. Im-e-ßƒ ]n-∂nń-´pw B _-‘-Øn-\v B-°w Iq-Sn-b-X-√msX X-f¿-® kw-`-hn-®n-ń-√ F-∂-Xv F-SpØp ]-dt- b-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. A-hc - n¬ an-°h-cpw D-∂X - ] - Z- h - n-bn-epw a-‰p ]-ec - pw sshZn-I ]T-\Ø - n-ep-am-sW-∂p-≈X - v F-s∂ IqSp-X¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ k-t¥m-j-hm-\m-°p-∂p. A-h¿ F-t‚-bpw ap-X¬-°q-´m-Wv. R-ßf - psS Ip-Spw-_w G-Xm-≠v s\-lv-dp-hn-s‚ IpSpw-_w t]m-se-bm-Wv. s\-lvd - p, C-μn-cm K - m‘n, cm-Po-hv Km-‘n, tkm-Wn-bm Km-‘n. A- X p- t ]m- s e h- e n- b - ∏ - ® ≥, ]n- X m- h v , a°ƒ, a-cp-a-°ƒ F-√m-h-cpw k¨-tU-kvIqƒ A-≤-ym-]-I-cpw C-∂pw A-≤-ym-]-I-cpam-bn tk-h-\w A-\p-jvTn-°p-∂p. h-en-b-∏®-\pw ]n-Xm-hpw G-dn-b Im-ew {]-[m-\m≤ym-]-I-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. kz- ¥ Po- h n- X - Ø n- s e A- \ p- ` - h - ß fn¬ Nn-eX - v ]-¶p h-bv° - p-∂X - n¬ sX-‰n-s√∂p tXm-∂p-∂p. a-{Zm- n¬ tPm-en-tX-Sn Xma-kn-°p-∂ A-hk - c - w. Hm¿-°m-∏p-dØ - v H-cp C‚¿-hy- q-\v £-W° - Ø - v In-ń. Iq-Sn-°m-gN v- °p- t]m-Ipw ap-tº k¨-tU-kvI - q-fn¬ \n∂pw k-Ωm-\-am-bn e-`n-® th-Z-]p-kv-X-Iw (A-sX-s‚ k-¥X - k-lN - m-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p) Xp- d - ∂ p. In- ´ n- b hm- I yw a- Ø m- b n 11:10. ""Rm≥ F-s‚ Zq-X-s\ \n-\-°p ap-ºm-bn A-b-bv-°p-∂p; A-h≥ \n-s‚ ap-ºn¬ \n-\°p h-gn H-cp-°pw''. C-Xn¬-°-hn-™v ss[c-ys - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂ a-s‰m-cp hm-Iyw th-≠t- √m? B ss[- c - y - Ø n¬ Rm≥ C‚¿- h yq Asbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

s‰‚ v sN-bv-Xp. \n¿-`m-K-y-sa-∂p ]-d-b-s´, Rm≥ tXm-‰p Xp-∂w-]m-Sn. F-s‚ B-Z-y-sØ tXm¬-hn. C-Xm-tWm \n-s‚ h-gn H-cp-°pw hn-[-sa-∂v Rm≥ Nn-¥n-®p-t]m-bn-... s - N-dp-∏Ø - n-s‚ k-hn-ti-jX - . Znh-k-ßƒ, am-k-ßƒ, h¿-j-ßƒ Rm-\-dn-bm-sX I-S-∂p-t]m-bn. C-Xm Rm≥ k-¶o¿-Ø-\-°m-c≥ ]m-Sp-∂ B-bp- n-te-°v ]-Sn-Iƒ N-hn-´p-∂p. F- ∂ m¬ im- ¥ - a m- b n ]p- d - t Im- ´ p t\m- ° ptºmƒ sX-‰p-]‰ - n-bX - v F-\n-°m-Wv. A-h\ - pw A-hs‚ h-N-\-ßƒ-°pw sX-‰p kw-`-hn-®n-s√-∂p a-\ n-em-bn. C-∂p-ht- c-bpw A-h≥ h-gn-sbm-cp-°n-Øcp-∂p, A-Xpw A-¤p-X-I-c-am-bpw A-Xn-i-b-I-c-ambpw. C-∂v Rm-b-dm-gv-N-bm-Wv; am¿-®v 22. Po-hn-XØn¬ a-d-°m-\m-hm-Ø Zn-\w. Rm≥ C-Xv Ip-dn°p-tºmƒ C≥-Uy- ≥ P-\X - ap-gp-h\ - pw X-ßf - p-sS `-h-\-ßfn¬ AS-bv°-s∏´ X-S-h-d-bn¬ I-gn-bp∂p. F-∂m¬ F-\n-°v Cu Zn-hk - w k-¶S- Ø - n-s‚ Zn-\a - m-Wv. a-s‰m-∂p-sIm-≠p-a√ - m, \-Ωp-sS tZ-hm-ebw Xp-Sß - n-b\ - mƒ ap-X¬ F-√m Rm-bd - m-gvN - b - pw ap-g-ßn-t°-´ C-º-I-c-am-b a-Wn-\m-Zw C-∂v \n-i–-am-bn-cn°p-∂p. ssZ-ht- a, C-Xv A-ßb - p-sS ap-∂dn-bn-t∏m, A-tXm in-£t- bm? H-cn-°e - pw C-Xv H-cp in-£b - m-Im-Xn-cn-°s - ´ F-∂p {]m¿-∞n-®p-sIm-≠v C-Xn-\p Rm≥ hn-cm-a-an-Sp-∂p.

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ˛ Nne kzm-[o-\ßƒ

{InÃn Fw. Ipc-y≥, amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ tXm∏n¬ (]q¿Δ hnZym¿∞n) (B.D. \memw h¿j hnZym¿∞n, am¿tØmΩm sshZnI skan-\mcn)

"A good teacher is like a candle, it consumes itself to light the way for others". ""Hcp \√ Kpcp sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-t]m-se-bmWv . a‰p- ≈ - h ¿°p hgn Hcp- ° p- h m≥ AXv kzbw Fcn™v {]Im-in-°p∂p''. `mcX kwkvIm-cØ - n¬ Kpcp-hn\v hf-scb-[nIw {]m[m-\yw D≠v. Kpcp Ccp-ńs\ AI-‰n shfn-®-Øn-te°v Hcp hnZ-ym¿∞nsb \bn-°p-Ibpw hnZym¿∞n-bpsS Pohn-XØ - n\v {]tNm-Z\ - m-flIamb Bflob ]cn-Wm-aØ - nte°v \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. \ncWw sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqfnse Hcp ]q¿ΔhnZ-ym¿∞n F∂ \ne-bn¬ hf--sc-b-[nIw kt¥m-jhpw A`n-am-\hpw tXm∂p∂ Hcp \nan-j-am-Wv CXv. At\Iw

hnZ- y m¿∞n- I sf ssZh- h - N - \ - Ø ns‚ a¿Ωw {Kln-∏n® Cu Kpcp-Ip-e-Øn¬ t\gv k dn apX¬ {]uV- h - I p∏v hsc apS°w IqSm-sX ]Tn-°m≥ km[n-®Xv Pnhn-X-Ønse G‰hpw [\-y-amb A\p-`h-am-Wv. {]nb-s∏´ Kpcp-°∑ - m¿ ]I¿∂pX∂ ssZh- h - N - \- Ø ns‚ kmcmwiw Fs‚ Pohn-X-Øn-¬ ap≥t]m´v t]mIphm≥ IcpØpw hgn-bpw sXfn-®p-X-∂p. k¨tU-kvIqƒ Fs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ F∂pw {]tNm- Z \w \¬Ip∂ Hcp Bﬂob kwL- S - \ - b mWv . k¨tUkvIq-ƒ Hcp CS-h-I-bpsS t]mj-I-kwL-S-\ F∂-Xnepw D]-cn-bmbn _menI _me-∑msc tbip-hn-¶t- e°v \bn-°p∂ k`-bpsS {][m\ ]cn-io-e-\-°-f-cn-bmWv. k¨tU-kvIqƒ Hcp hnZym¿∞n-bpsS Pohn-XsØ ]e-X-c-Øn¬ kzm-[o-\n°p-∂p-≠v. {][m-\-s∏-´Xv tbip-hns\ Adn-bp-I. "Come to Jesus, bring every child to Jesus" k¨tU- k v I qfns‚ {]mY-anI e£-y-am-Wv. H∂c \q‰m≠v A-\p-`h kºØp≈ \ncWw sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqfn\v C\nbpw Gsd ImX-ßƒ k©-cn-°p-hm≥ D≠v. At\Iw ss]X- ß sf {InkvXp- h - \ mbn sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

t\SpI F∂ ZuXyw ]q¿Øo-I-cn°m≥. kZr-iy- h - m-Iyw \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n°p∂p ""-_m-e≥ \S-t°-≠p∂ hgnbn¬ Ahs\ A`-y-kn-∏n°, Ah≥ hr≤-\m-bmepw AXv hn´pamdp-I-bn√'' (k- Z r. 22:6). k¨tU- k v I qƒ Xs∂-bmWv AXn\p≈ bYm¿∞ πm‰vt^mw. F∂m¬ \mw C∂v Bbn-cn-°p∂ temI-Øn¬ amXm-]nXm-°ƒ, hnZ-ym¿∞n-Iƒ, A≤-ym-]I¿, CS-h-I-Iƒ k¨tU-kvIqfn\v F{X-tØmfw {]m[m-\yw \¬Ip-∂p≠v Fs∂m∂v Btem- N n- ° p. k¨tU-kvIqfns‚ BZy I¿Øhyw Ip´n-Isf thZ-]p-kvXIw ]Tn∏n- ° pI F∂- X m- W v. k¨tUkvIqfn¬ \n∂p Ip´n-Iƒ°v Xncp-hN-\-sØ-°p-dn®v [mcW D≠m-Ip∂p, k¨tU-kvIqƒ A\p-`-h-ßfn¬ IqSn Xß- t fm- S p≈ ssZhØns‚ hnfn Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ah¿°v km[n- ° p- ∂ p. c≠m- a - X mbn {InkvXob hni-zm-k-Øn¬ hf-cm≥ Ahsc klm- b n- ° p- ∂ p. aq∂m- a Xmbn kaq- l - Ø n¬ ]IzXbp≈ AwK-ßf - m-Im≥ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂p. 150-˛mw h¿j-Øn¬ {]th-in-®ncn-°p∂ \ncWw sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ At\Iw alm-cY - ∑ - m-sc tZi-Øn\pw k`bv°pw kaq-l-Øn\pw kw`m-h\ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. sI.sI. Ipcp-hn-f, dh. sI.-sP. ^n-en-∏v, dh. tPm¿÷v Ae-Ivkm-≠¿, ssd‰v dh. tUm. kJ-dn-bmkv am¿ sX-tbm^n- t emkv k{^- K ≥ sa{Xm- t ∏meoØm, ssd‰v dh. tUm. {Kn-tKm-dntbmkv am¿ kvtX^m-t\mkv F∏nkvtIm∏m XpSßnb At\I _lpam-\y hy-‡n-X-z-ßsf Hcp ImeØv hm¿sØ-SpØ Kpcp-Ip-e-amWv \ΩpsS k¨tU-kvIqƒ. \ncWw sbcpitew k¨tU-kvIqfn¬ slUvamÃ¿ Bbn-cp∂ hy-‡n-bmWv Fs‚ A∏-®≥ {io. Fw. tXmakv Ipc-y≥ (t_-_n km¿). k¨tU-kvIqfns\ sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw Bflm¿∞-ambn {]h¿Øn°p-Ibpw sNbvX Fs‚ A∏-®s‚ PohnXw F∂pw F\n- s °mcp {]tNm- Z - \ - a m- W v . F√m i\n-bm-gvN-I-fnepw sshIn´v IrX-y-ambn Xs∂ Rmb-dm-gvNsØ a\x]mTw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw thZ-`mKw hmbn-°p-∂X - n\pw {i≤ sNep-Øn-bncp- ∂ p. Rmb- d m- g v N - I - f nse ]≈n Bcm- [ - \ bnepw k¨tU-kvIqfnepw ap-S°w IqSmsX ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°m≥ D’mlw ImWn-®n-cp-∂p. Fs‚ A∏-®s\ t]mse Rm≥ kvacn-°p∂ hy-‡n-X-z-amWv AIm-e-Øn¬ \sΩ hn´p-]ncn-™p-t]mb _lp. tPm¿÷p-Ipń iap-th¬ km¿. kmdns‚ Pohn-Xhpw {]h¿Ø-\hpw amXr-Im-]-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`-ymk ImeØv kmdm-bn-cp-∂p slUvamÃ¿. bph-h-Ip-∏n¬ tPm¿÷p-Ipń km¿ RßfpsS A≤-ym-]I - \ - m-bn-cp∂p. Ft∏mgpw Hcp sNdp-]p-©n-cn-tbmsS hnZym¿∞n-Isf t]sc-SpØv hnfn-®n-cp∂ km¿ Rßsfsb√mw hfsc-b[nIw kzm-[o-\n-®n-cp-∂p. Hcp sshZnI hnZym-¿∞n F∂ \ne- b nep≈ Fs‚ PohnX hgn- Ø m- c bn¬ Fs∂ hfscb- [ nIw kzm- [ o- \ n- ® - X pw, t{]m-’m-ln-∏n-®Xpw A∏-®\pw tPm¿÷p-Ipń kmdp-am-Wv. "The good teacher explains, the superior teacher demonstrates and the great teacher inspires". Fs∂ kzm- [ o- \ n- ® - X mb c≠v Kpcp- t {ijvT¿, Ah-cpsS PohnXw F∂pw Hcp amXr-Ib - mWv . \ncWw sbcp- i tew k¨tU- k v I qƒ Fs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcn-°epw ad-°m≥ km[n°m-ØX - mb Htc-Sm-Wv. {]nb-s∏´ A≤-ym-]I - ¿, hn- Z ym¿- ∞ n kplr- Ø p- ° ƒ F∂pw Fs‚ a\ nse \nd-ap≈ Hm¿Ω-I-fm-Wv. C√ Xo¿∂n-ń-√, C\nbpw At\Iw ImXßƒ HmSn Xo¿°p-hm≥ D≠v \ΩpsS k¨tUkvIq-fn\v, At\Iw ss]X-ßsf {InkvXp k∂n-[n-bn¬ FØn-°p-hm≥ D≈ ZuX-yw, Ahsc {InkvXp-hns‚ km£n-I-fmbn Hcp-°p-hm\p≈ ZuX-yw. {InkvXp ZuX-y-Øn\mbn Fcn-bp∂ Xncn-\m-fa - mbn \mw amd-Ww. \Ωn¬ \n∂v shfn®w At\- I - c n- t e°v ]I- c - s ∏- S - W w. Pohn- ° p∂ kphn-ti-j-am-bn, {]Im-in-°p∂ kphn-ti-j-ambn, Poh≥ ]I-c-s∏-Sp∂ kphn-ti-j-ambn \ap°v Xocmw.

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Fs‚ hf¿®-bnse Nne a[pc kvac-W-Iƒ B\n tPm¿÷v (]q¿Δ-hn-Zym¿∞n\n) (A≤-ym-]n-I, Fw.-Pn.-Fw. lb¿ sk°‚dn kvIqƒ, Xncp-h√)

Fs‚ hy-‡n-Po-hn-XØn¬ H-Øn-cn kzm-[o\w sNepØnb sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIq-fns\ kvacn-°p-∂-Xn\v e`n® Ah-k-c-Øn-\mbn ssZ-h-Øn\v kvtXm{Xw. Hm¿Ω h® Imew aqX¬ Rmb-dmgvN D®bv°v 1 aWn°v apS-ßmsX t]mbn-cp∂ hnZ-ym-eb - a - s{X bcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ. Fs‚ PohnX \m-ƒh-gn-bn¬ bcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ sNep-Ønb kzm-[o-\w, A-XmWv C∂pw Fs‚ PohnXbm{X-bp-sS {]tNm-Z-\w. Hmtcm Ip™n-t\bpw ssZh-Øn-¶t- e°v B\-bn-°pI F∂ e£-y-hp-ambn k¨tU-kvIqƒ Hcp {]ÿm-\-ambn B-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\p ap≥]p Xt∂ \nc-Ww bcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ AXns‚ I¿Ω-a-ﬁew Bcw-`n-®n-cp∂p F∂Xv Ncn-{Xw. B Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp C-X-fm-Ip-hm≥ km[n-®Xv ]c-a-Im-cp-W-y-hm-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ IcpW.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

\ncWw bcp-i-tew am¿tØmΩm CSh- I - b n¬ a´- b v ° - ¬ ]tc- X - c mb tPm¿÷p-Ipń iap-th¬ Beokv ZºXn-I-fpsS aI-fmb F\n-°v k¨tUkvIqƒ ]T-\Ø - n-te-°p≈ B-Zy NphSp-hb - v]p-Iƒ, k¨-tU--kvIqƒ A≤ym]-I-cmb amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Xs∂-bmWv XpS-ßn-Ø-∂-Xv. Rm-b-dmgvN Znh-kw, hnip-≤-ambn BN-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ apt∂mSn i\n- b mgv N ssh- I p- t ∂- c tØmsS Bcw-`n-°pw. thZ-]p-kvXI hmb- \ , A- X n- \ p- t ijw k¨tUkvIqƒ ]pkvXI ]T\w Rmb-dmgvN cmhnse Bcm-[-\-bv°mbn tZhm-e-bØn-te-°v. Bcm-[-\bv°p tijw `h\-Øn¬ h∂v `-£Ww Ign-®-Xn-\ptijw 1.00 aWn BIp-tºm-tf°pw ho≠pw tZhm-eb - Ø - n-te-°v, k¨tUkvIqƒ ]T-\Ø - n-\m-bn. k`-bnse `qcn]£w k¨tU-kvIq-fp-Ifpw RmbdmgvN cmhn-se-tbm, Bcm-[\ - b - v°p-tijtam \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Npcp°w Nne k¨tU-kvIq-fp-Iƒ am{Xta D®bv°p tijw \S-Ø-s∏-Sm-dp-≈p. CsXmcp ka- b - \ - „ - a m- s W∂v ]e¿°pw A`n-{]mbw Db-¿∂-t∏mƒ 1985-˛90 Ifnse sl-Uvam-Ã-dm-bn-cp∂ ]≈n-®n-d-Ip-t∂¬ amØp-°pń km¿ ]d™ adp-]Sn Ct∏mgpw Hm¿Ω-bn¬ \n¬°p- ∂ p. ""- k - a - b - Ø n- s ‚ Zimwihpw ssZhw-Xºp-cm\v sIm-Sp-t°t≠''. B Ime-L-´-ß-fn¬ X-s∂-bmWv tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ \S-∂p-h-∂ k¨tU- k v I qƒ F¬.]n. kv I qƒ sIń-S-Øn-te°v am‰-W-sa∂ Bhiyw ]≈n-I-Ωn-‰n-bn¬ Db¿∂-t∏mƒ, \ΩpsS Ipń-Isf ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂pw am‰n- b m¬ Ah¿ \msf Bcm- [ - \ bv°m-bn lmfp-I-fn-te°p t]mIp∂ Ahÿ D≠m-Ipw. AXp-sIm≠v tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ D≈n¬ Xs∂ k¨tU--kvIqƒ ]T\w \S-ØWw F∂ A`n-{]mbw hcp-Ibpw C∂p-h-tcbpw tZhm-e-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Xs∂ k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]T\w \S-Øn-h-cp-Ibpw sN-øp∂p F∂Xv kt¥m-j-Øn\v

150

1870 - 2020

hI \¬Ip-∂p. ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°v F{]Imcw ASp-Øp-hcmw F∂v bcp-itew CS-hIsb ]Tn-∏n-®Xv bcp-itew k¨tU-kvIq-fmsW∂v \nkw-ibw ]d-bmw. Rmb-dmgvN ]≈n Bcm-[-\-bn¬ thZ-hmb-\, kvtXm{X-ImgvN XpS-ßnb kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym¿∞n-Isf ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°phm-\p≈ hnIm-cn-b-®s‚ Xocp-am\w k¨tUkvIqƒ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v henb Hcp Ah-kcw e`n-°p-hm-\n-S-bm-°n. tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ thZ-hmb-\-bv°mbn Znh-k-ß-tfmfw ]cn-io-en® tijam-bn-cp∂p Hmtcm Ip´nbpw h∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Bcm[\m at≤y thZ-hm-b\ \S-Ønb Ah-kc - ß - ƒ C∂pw Pz-en-°p∂ \nan-j-ambn Hm¿Ω-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂p. hnZ-ym¿∞n-I-fpsS FÆw 120 \p apI-fn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ B Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ hm¿jnI ]co£- b nepw _ncpZp ]co- £ - b nepw Db¿∂ hnPbw Ic- ÿ - a m- ° p- h m≥ hnZ- y m¿∞n- I ƒ XΩn¬ Btcm-K-y-]-c-amb Hcp a’cw D≠m-bncp-∂p. t\m´p-I-ƒ Xøm-dm°n A≤-ym-]\w \SØn-bn-cp∂ ]mc-bn¬ Gen-bmΩ kmdn-t\bpw Nnd-bv°¬ X¶-Ω So®-dn-t\bpw A`n-am-\-tØmSp-IqSn Hm¿°p-∂p. ]mT-`m-K-Øns‚ A\p-_‘ thZ-]p-kvXI hmb\m `mKØp \n∂pw hcphm≥ km[-y-X-bp≈ tNmZ-y-ßfpw DØ-c-ßfpw Xøm- d m°n hnZ- y m¿∞n- I ƒ°p \¬Ip∂ A≤ym-]-I-cpsS Iogn¬ k¨tU-kvIqƒ A`yk\w \S-Øp-hm≥ km[n-®Xv Hcp `mK-y-a-s{X. k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ A\p-KX hf¿®-bv°v apX¬°q-´m-bn-cp∂ A≤-ym-]n-I-bm-bn-cp∂p IqØ-∏-≈n¬ h’-Ωm-Ω. A≤-ym-]-\-Øn-epw a‰v A\p-_‘ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw \nd-km-∂n≤-y-am-bn-cp∂ h’-Ωm-Ω-bpsS A-Im-e-Ønep≈ th¿]mSv bcp-itew k¨-tU-kvIq-fn\v Xocm-\-„-a-s{X. Npcp°w Nne h¿j-ß-fn-sem-gn®v hn.-_n.F-kv.s‚ \S-Øn∏v k¨tU-kvIq-fn\m-bn-cp-∂p. hn.-_n.-F-kv. {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Nn´bmbn ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ bcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ \¬Inb ]cn-io-e\w ]n¬°m-eØv [mcmfw hn._n.-F-kv. eoU¿amsc hm¿sØ-Sp-°m≥ ImcW-ambn F∂-Xn¬ A`n-am-\n-°mw. k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]-T\w km[-y-am-°n-Ø∂ A\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ {][m\w {]m¿∞n-°p-hm\pw

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

thZ-]p-kvXIw hmbn-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ Ah-kc-ßsf {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂-Xm-Wv. A≤-ym-]n-I-bmb F\n°v hnZ-ym-e-b-Ønse {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\v ap≥]p≈ {]m¿∞-\-bpsS t\Xr-Xzw Gs‰-Sp-°p-hm≥ IcpØp \¬Ip-∂Xv bcp-itew k¨tUkvIq-fnse ]cn-io-e-\-am-Wv. 150-˛mw hm¿jnIw BtLm-jn-°p∂ Cu ka-bØv 32 h¿jw sbcp-itew k¨tUkv I q- ƒ A≤ym- ] - I - \ mbpw 11 h¿jw slUvam-Ãd - p-ambn {]h¿Øn® Fs‚ ]nXmhns\ kva-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcp kvtXm{Xm¿∏-Wambn Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. ]∏m sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIq-fn\pw CS-h-Ibv°pw \ncWw tZi-Øn\pw G‰hpw {]nb¶c-\m-bn-cp∂p. Ip™p-ßƒ ssZh-Øn\pw a\p-j-y¿°pw {]km-Za - p≈ hy-‡n-Xz- ß - f - mbn hf-cW - s - a∂v ]∏m Ft∏m-gpw B{K-ln-®p. `h-\-Øn¬ cmhn-sebpw ssh-Ip-t∂-c-Øp-ap≈ IpSpw-_{]m¿∞\ \n¿∫-‘-am-bn-cp-∂p. F√m-h-cpsSbpw kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-Ibpw {]bm-k-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS `h-\-ß-fn¬ FØn {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw {]tX-y-I-ambn Ip™pßsf klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂Xv Hm¿Øp-t]m-Ip-∂p. Rß-sf-°mfpw ap≥t] IrXyw 1 aWn-°v ]∏m k¨tU-kvIq-fn¬ FØn-bn-cp-∂p. Ip™p-ß-fpsS hnti-jßƒ Xnc°n k√- ] n- ° p- ∂ - X n¬ hfsc kt¥mjw Is≠-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. ]∏m-bpsS Nn´- b mb {]h¿Ø\w, ITn- \ m- ≤ - z m- \ w, {]m¿∞-\m-Po-hn-Xw, a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ IcpX¬, tPmen-tbm-Sp≈ hni-z-kvXX Rßƒ a°ƒs°-√m-h¿°pw {]tNm-Z-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ am{X-a√ CSh- I - b psS F√m kwL- S - \ - I - f p- s Sbpw Bﬂob ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ ]∏m A\p-{KloX t\Xr-Xzw \¬In. Ip-™p-ß-fnse Ign- h p- I fpw aqe- y - ß fpw a\- n- e m°n AXns\ \n¿tem`w t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m\pw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m\pw ]∏m {]-tXyIw {i≤n®p. ]∏m-bpsS kX-y-k-‘-X, s]cp-am-‰Ønse Ipeo-\-X, k`m ÿm\o-b-tcm≈ BZ-chv, a\- ns‚ Xpdhn F∂n-Xy- mZn Imcyßƒ Gh¿°pw amXr-I-bm-Wv. Ft∏mgpw {]k-∂-h-Z-\-\m-bn-cp∂ ]∏m Hcn-°epw ZpxJn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn I≠n-´n-√. AΩ-bpsS

150-˛mw hm¿jnIw BtLm-jn°p∂ Cu ka-bØv 32 h¿jw sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIq-ƒ A≤ym- ] - I - \ mbpw 11 h¿jw slUvam-Ãd- p-ambn {]h¿Øn® Fs‚ ]nXm-hns\ kva-cn-°p∂Xv Hcp kv t Xm{Xm¿∏- W ambn Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. ]∏m sbcp- i tew k¨tU- k v I qfn\pw CS-h-Ibv°pw \ncWw tZi-Øn\pw G‰hpw {]nb¶c\m- b n- c p∂p. Ip™p- ß ƒ ssZh- Ø n\pw a\p- j - y ¿°pw {]km-Za- p≈ hy-‡n-Xz- ß - f - mbn hf-c-W-sa∂v ]∏m Ft∏m-gpw B{K-ln-®p. `h-\-Øn¬ cmhnsebpw ssh-Ip-t∂-c-Øp-ap≈ IpSpw-_-{]m¿∞\ \n¿∫-‘am-bn-cp-∂p. th¿]mSv BZyw D≠m- s b- ¶ nepw AXns‚ ZpxJw Hcp-hn-[-Ønepw Ae´msX Rßsf ]∏m _e-s∏-Sp-Øn. ]∏m-bpsS hm’-eyhpw amXr-Im-Pohn-XØ - ns‚ kvac - W - b - p-amWv Rß-sfsb√mw IpSpw-_-ambn ssZh-h-gn-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°m≥ C∂pw klm-bn-°p-∂Xv. At\-I¿°v {InkvXp-hn-te-°p≈ hgn- I m- ´ nbpw {Iqins‚ hni- z kvXkm£n-bp-am-bn-cp∂ Rß-fpsS ]∏msb sbcp-itew k¨-tU--kvIqƒ 150-˛mw hm¿jnIw B-tLm--jn-°p∂ Cu thf-bn¬ kvacn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™Xn¬ Rßƒ IrXm¿∞cmWv. 150 h¿jßƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°p∂ bcp-itew k¨tU-kvIq-fn-\v F√mhn[ Biw-k-Ifpw t\cp-∂p. hf¿∂ph-cp∂ Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v am-¿§-Z¿i-Iambn {]Im- i - t Km- ] p- c - a mbn sbcpitew k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnf-ßs´.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

Teena Ann Mathew (Alumni) (Assistant Professor St. Joseph's College, Bangalore)

JERUSALEM SUNDAY SCHOOL & I School on Sunday? I used to wonder what it was all about. When I look back, I realise the importance of Sunday School in my life. When many parents took pride in sending their children for tuitions and entrance examination coaching on Sunday afternoon, my parents were keen that their children attended Sunday School. What was special about it? Apart from the spiritual growth, what did you gain by attending these classes? I can proudly say, it did play an integral part to form me, to guide and enable me to stand firm amidst various turbulences. When you know and understand God's word you are more likely to obey the Lord and determined not to go astray. My commitment to Jesus grew from the lessons taught in classes in the Jerusalem Sunday School. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

The knowledge gained in Sunday School helps me to become more proficient in using God's Word, the Bible. It assists your personal relationship with God to grow. Sunday School provides a place of belongingness. In school, we may not know the names of all students studying there, but here, we are a family. We need not worry about being judged for whom we are and what we are. We can share our needs and concerns. More than a teacher student relation, it is all about a shepherd caring for its sheep. The teachers know when someone is hurt or sad then they take care and pray for them. There is warmth and love flowing within the Sunday School. There is no grudge, malice or judgement. Being a teacher, I realise now the importance of being nonjudgemenal towards my students. This, I acquired from my Sunday School. Sunday School taught me to stand for what is true in life and generous in dealings. I am thankful for all the teachers who taught me Bible lessons. Their profound influence fashioned me to a great extent. The first person who comes to my mind is, Georgekutty sir. His

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

determination to see all children in the parish were sent to Sunday School is worth mentioning here. Sir as the Headmaster was the pillar of our Sunday School. His guidance, leadership and encouragement made every child to be modelled in true faith and self discipline. He was a true Christian who followed the steps of Jesus and showed us how to live for Jesus. Sir encouraged me to stand before the children and share from the Bible. Through these practices, I gained confidence and shyness wane out from me. There are many other teachers who did influence me in the course of my Sunday School life. Valsan uncle, Gigy uncle and other teachers helped me to walk in the path of Christian devotion and trust. The values imbibed from my Sunday School helped me and is still inspiring me to stay strong in my christian belief. Sunday School teaches us the value of worshipping God. Other joyful programmes included song practices, worshipping God by students and teachers together. We heard moral stories from our teachers and visitors. They instil in me values of social concern and passion to reach high in life. Sunday School was also a place of solace for me. When I moved to Bangalore for my studies in 2008, I was not aware of how things will work in life. There were times, when I had missed my church, my choir and my Sunday School and all I wanted was to run back to my comfort zone. Prayers of my parents, Sunday School teachers, friends helped me to move forward in life courageously. Sunday School gives us opportunities to serve and minister others. It is a place where your talents are recognised and acknowledged. I still had fond memories of attending various competitions and winning

prizes. I truly believe that it is not about showing off, but is all about belongingness. The relationships that you build here is worth your life time. I have got good friends from Sunday School and our friendship is still going strong. We are not able to talk everyday but what connects us are the cherished memories that were formed during our Sunday School days. I live in a metropolitan city where everything is available at a click of a button. When I look back, I realise how blessed I am to have enjoyed and recognize the smallest of blessings in life which could have gone unnoticed. The nurturance and evcouragement I have received from Sunday School is definitely an integral part in my formation. Had not my parents insisted me on attending Sunday School, my life experiences would have been different and more materialistic. If there is a time back machine, I would really go back in time and relive those days. We are caught in many snares of the world. God's word protect us. Psalmist say: "I have laid up thy word in my heart, that I might not sin against thee" In order to grow in God's love I would like to say the following quotes to our Sunday School children. i. Take time to read the Bible. It is the foundation of wisdom. ii. Take time to be friendly, it is the road to happiness. iii. Take time to love and be loved, it is the privilege of redeemed people. iv. Take time to look around, it is too short to be selfish. v. Take time for God, it is life's only lasting investment. 150 years is a long journey. To stand firm with God in this changing times is definitely challenging. Our Sunday School had played a vital role in the spiritual awakening of many men and women. Pray it soar high in the coming years also. May the Almighty Lord help us all in the mission of bringing many of our children to Jesus. Pray our children do not set their minds on small goals but always aspire to achieve great things in life for the glory of God. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

Fs‚ k¨-tUkv-IqƒNn-e Hm¿-Ω-Iƒ

Pn_n F¬km h¿Kokv Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw (]q¿Δ-hn-Zym¿∞n\n)

ssI-bn-en-cp-∂ Cu¿-°n¬ s_©n¬ sh-®n-´v tPm¿-Pp-Ip-´n k¿ Fgp-t∂-‰p. ""\-ap-°v kv-tXm-{X-Im-gv-N ka¿-∏n-°mw'' F-∂v ]-d-™n-´v ]-Xn-hpt]m-se ""kz¿-t§ knw-lm-k-\w Np‰n'' F-∂ Km-\w B-cw-`n-®p. G-‰-hpw ]n-∂n¬ \n-∂pw h-’-e≥ A-¶n-fpw ]p-ds - I a-‰v A-≤ym-]I - c - pw hn-Zym¿-∞nI-fpw ap-∂n¬ sh-® I-tk-c-bn¬ sh®n-cp-∂ ]m-{X-Øn¬ kv-tXm-{X-Im-gv-NIƒ k-a¿-∏n-® ti-jw I-tk-c h-ew sh--®p a-S-ßn h-cp-∂p. Xp-S¿-∂v F-√mh-cpw H-cp-an-®v F-gp-t∂-‰v \n-∂v B-cm[-\ \-S-Øp-∂p. sb-cp-i-tew k¨tU- k v - I q- f n- s \- ° p- d n- ® p- ≈ F- s ‚ sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

G-‰-hpw a-[p-c-am-b Hm¿-a-I-fn¬ H-∂m-Wv C-Xv. ""kz¿-t§ knw-lm-k-\w Np-‰n'' F-∂ Km-\w a-‰v k¨-tUkvI - q-fp-If - n¬ \n-∂pw \-Ωp-sS k¨-tUkvI - q-fn-s\ hy-Xy-kX v- w B-°p-∂ H-∂m-Wv. Rm≥ Dƒ-∏-sS-bp-≈ hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ F-√m-h-cpw Cu Km-\w tI-´p-]Tn-®X - m-Wv, ]-et- ∏m-gpw hm-°p-Iƒ t]m-epw hy-‡-am-bn A-dn-bm-sX. k¨tUkv-Iqƒ A-`y-k-\-Øn-\p ti-j-hpw Cu Km-\w F-\n-°v h-f-sc {]n-b-s∏-´-XmWv. Ip-d-®p h¿-j-ßƒ-°v ap≥-]v Rm≥ Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv ss{I-Ãv kn.-Fkv.sF. ]-≈n-bn¬ H-cp hn-hm-l-ip-{iq-jbn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥ F-s‚ ]n-Xm-hns‚ H-∏w t]m-bn. ip-{iq-j B-cw-`n-°p-hm-\mbn Im-Øp\n¬-°p-∂ k-a-b-Øm-Wv Rßƒ C-cp-∂ s_-©n-s‚ ap≥-]nep-≈ _p-°v tlmƒ-U-dn¬ sh-®n-cp-∂ ]-g-b ⁄m-\-Io¿-Ø-\-ßƒ I-Æn¬s∏-´-Xv. s]m-Xp-sh ]m-´p-I-tfm-Sv H-cp Xm-ev-]-cyw D-≈-Xp-sIm-≠v ]p-kv-X-I-Øns‚ Xm-fp-

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Iƒ a-dn-®p-t\m-°n-b-t∏mƒ H-cp Km-\w IÆn¬ D-S-°n. h¿-j-ßfm-bn a-\-kn-s‚ B-g-ß-fn¬ ]-Xn-™n-´p-≈ B h-cn-Iƒ, A-Xn-s‚ Cu-Ww. D-Ss - \ ssI-bn¬ D-≠mbn-cp-∂ t^m-Wn¬ B t]-Pv ]-I¿-Øn kq- £ n- ® p. F- ° m- e - h pw sb- c p- i - t ew k¨-tUkv-Iqƒ hn-Zym-¿-∞n-Iƒ ]m-Sn ]Tn-® Km-\w- ""kz¿-t§-knw-lm-k-\w Np‰n e-t£m-]-e-£w _m-e¿...'' ]n-∂o-Sv Kmb-I-kw-L-tØm-sSm-∏w F-√m h¿-j-hpw A-Jn-et- em-I k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ Zn-\t- ØmSv A-\p-_-‘n-® Ip-™p-ß-fp-sS s{]msk-j-\v A-I-º-Snbm-bn Cu Km-\w ]Tn®p B-e-]n-°p-hm≥ km-[n-®n-´p-≠v. k¨-tUkv-Iqƒ Hm¿-Ω-Iƒ C-{X-am{X-am-bn H-Xp-ßp-∂n-√. F-s‚ Po-hn-Xs - Ø G-‰-hpw kzm-[o-\n-® A-≤ym-]-I¿, G-‰hpw B-ﬂm¿-∞-am-b lr-Z-b-_-‘-ßƒ F-√mw k-Ωm-\n-®-Xv F-s‚ k¨-tUkvIq-fpw C-S-h-I-bp-am-Wv. B-Zy-am-bn H-cp th-Zn-bn¬ ]m-´v ]m-Sn-b-Xv, {]-kw-Kn-®-Xv, s]m-Xp-hm-bn H-cp {]m¿-∞-\-bv°v t\-XrXzw \¬-In-b-Xv F-√mw F-s‚ k¨tUkv-Iq-fn-em-Wv. A-Xn-epw D-]-cn-bm-bn, tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-hn-s\ F-s‚ I¿-Øm-hpw c-£n-X-hp-am-bn kzo-I-cn-® km-£yw ]-d™-Xpw F-s‚ k¨-tUkv-Iq-fn-em-Wv. kv-t\-l-\n-[n-bm-b tPm¿-Pp-Ip-´n k¿ Bbn-cp-∂p F-s‚ k¨-tUkv-Iqƒ Im-eb-f-hn¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ k-a-b-hpw sl-Uv-amÃ¿ B-bn-cp-∂-Xv. km-dns‚ kv-t\-lw Hcp-]m-Sv A-\p-`h - n-®n-´p-≈ hn-Zym¿-∞n-If - n¬ H-cm-fm-Wv Rm≥. Ip-™p-ß-fp-sS I-gn-hpIƒ a-\-kn-em-°n A-h-sc t{]m-’m-ln∏n-®p A-h-k-c-ßƒ H-cp-°p-hm≥ {i-≤n® k¿ F-∂pw \-Ωp-sS a-\-kp-I-fn¬ Pohn-°p-∂p. Hm-tcm hn. _n. F-kv. Im-eL-´-Øn-epw Hm¿-°p-∂ H-cp ap-Jw B-Wv h-’-Ω B‚n-bp-tS-Xv. Rm≥ Dƒ-s∏-´ Xe-ap-d-sb kw-_-‘n-®v F-√m A-≤ym-]-Icpw R-ß-fp-sS k-a-Im-eo-\-cm-b Iq-´p-Imcp-sS H-s° am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ B-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xp-sIm-≠v X-s∂ R-ßƒ-°pw A-h¿ am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ-°v Xp-ey-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Aß-s\ "k¿' A-s√-¶n¬ "So-®¿' F-∂ ÿn-cw hn-fn-I-fn¬ \n-∂pw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-

bn-´v R-ßƒ F-√m-h-sc-bpw "A-¶nƒ', "B‚n' F-s∂m-s° kw-t_m-[-\ sN-bvX-Xv _-‘-ß-fp-sS Du-jv-a-f-X h¿-[n-∏n°p-hm≥ k-lm-b-I-am-bn-ń-´p-≠v. F-s‚ k¨-tUkv-Iqƒ F-\n-°v Hm¿a-Iƒ-°v A-∏p-dw H-cp A-\p-`-h-am-Wv. H∂-c \q-‰m-≠n-s‚ ]-g-°-hpw ]m-c-º-cyhpap-≈ sb-cp-i-tew k¨-tUkv-Iqƒ \Ωp-sS tZ-i-Øp {In-kv-Xo-b km-£y-Øns‚, B-flo-b ]-cn-t]m-j-W-Øn-s‚ Be-b-am-bn \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂p F-∂-Xv ssZh-Øn-s‚ h-en-b ]-≤-Xnbm-Wv. C-\n-bpw \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v B-flo-b sh-fn-®w ]-Icp-hm≥ sb-cp-i-tew k¨-tUkv-Iq-fn-s\ ssZ-hw k-lm-bn-°-s´.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ ‰nj A∂ kÆn (Fw.-_n.-_n.-Fkv hnZym¿∞n\n, ]pjv]-Kncn saUn-°¬ tImtfPv Xncp-h√)

Hcp ]q¿Δ-hn-Z-ym¿∞n\nbpsS Hm¿Ω-Iƒ

temIw apgp-h≥ tImhn-Uv-˛19 aqew `oXn- b psS apƒap- \ - b n¬ \n¬°p-∂X - mWv \mw I≠p-sIm-≠ncn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Hcp saUn-°¬ hnZym¿∞n Bb-Xn-\m¬ Rm≥ ssZh-tØmSv \μn ]d-bp-∂p. as‰m-cmƒ°v th≠n tkh\w sNøphm\pw Poh≥c£m ZuX-y-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-hm\pw Fs∂ Xnc-s™SpØ ssZh-Ir-]bv°v F{X \μn ]d™mepw aXn-h-cn-√. Xo¿®-bmbpw Cu s{]ms^jv≥ Xnc-s™-Sp-ØX - n¬ Rm≥ k¨tUkvIq-fn¬ \n∂p ]Tn-®Xpw Pohn-XØn¬ B¿÷n®-Xp-amb {InkvXob aqe-y-ßƒ°v henb ]¶m-Wp-≈-Xv. temIw I≠-Xn¬ sh®v G‰hpw henb sshZ-y≥ {InkvXp Xs∂bmWv. AhnSpsØ ku-J-y-Zm-b-Iamb Ic-kv]¿iw F\n°pw Fs∂t]mse saUn- ° ¬ cwK- h p- a mbn _‘-s∏´ F√m-h¿°pw e`n-°-Wsa∂v Rm≥ {]m¿∞n-°p-I-bm-Wv.

""Cu Ffn-bh - c - n¬ Hcp-h\v \nßƒ klmbw sNøptºmƒ F√mw F\n-°p-X-s∂-bmWv sNbvXXv'' F∂v Ahn-Sp∂v Acpfn sNbvXn´p≠-t√m. am\-htk-h\w sNøm≥ G‰hpw \∂mbn Ign-bp∂ saUn°¬ s{]ms^-jv\n-te°v IS-∂p-h-cm≥ F\n°v {]tNmZ\w Bb hN-\-amWv CXv. B Xncn-®-dnhv F\n°v e`n-®Xv k¨tU-kvIq-fnse ]T-\-Øn¬ \n∂pamWv . ssZh- t ØmSv IqSp- X ¬ tN¿∂p \n¬°p-hm\pw thZ-\n-°p∂ apJ-ßf - n¬ ssZ-hsØ ImWp-hm\pw Xo¿®-bmbpw k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]T\w Fs∂ {]m]vXb - m-°n. GXp {]Xn-k‘ - n-tbbpw {]m¿∞-\-bn-eqsS XcWw sNbvhm\pw ssZh-tØm-Sp tN¿∂p \n¬°p-hm\pw k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]T\w Fs∂ klm-bn-®p. Fs‚ k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤ym]-I-cn¬ \n∂v ]I¿∂v In´nb ss{IkvXh aqe-yß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m[w Xo¿®-bmbpw PohnX-Øns‚ GXp L´-Ønepw ]nSn®p \n¬°m≥ ss[cyw GIp-∂-h-bm-Wv. Hcp {InkvXob hnizmknbmb-Xn-\m¬ Rm≥ Atß-b‰w A`n-am-\n-°pIbpw saUn-°¬ s{]ms^jvt- \mSv Fs∂ tN¿Øp\n¿Ønb ssZh-Øn\v al-X-zhpw \μnbpw kvtXm{Xhpw A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ \¬Inb PohnX {]tNm-Z-\-ßƒ Ai-zn≥ G{_-lmw hen-b-]-d-ºn¬ (k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZym¿∞n, {]uV-h-Ip-∏v)

Hm¿-ΩI - ƒ F-t∏m-gpw Im-ev] - \ - n-IX - b - p-sS tem-It- Ø-°v \-sΩ sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂X - mWv. A-Xpw {]-tX-yI - n-®v _m-ey- I - m-e Hm¿-ΩIƒ. ap≥ cm-{„-]X - n tUm. F.-]n.-sP. A-_vZpƒ I-emw X-s‚ B-ﬂI - Y - b - n¬ _m-ey- I - me Hm¿-ΩI - ƒ ]-¶p-hb - v° - p-∂X - p-t]m-se Hmtcm hy-‡n-bp-sS-bpw Po-hn-Xs - Ø ]-cn-tim[n-®m¬ a-\- n-s‚ H-cp tIm-Wn¬ am-bv°m≥ ]-‰m-Øh - n-[w sIm-Øn-h® - n-cn-°p-∂ Hcp-]n-Sn \-√ Hm¿-ΩI - ƒ D-≠m-Ipw. A-Xp-t]mse F-s‚ Po-hn-XØ - n-epw _m-ey- I - m-es - Ø k¨-tU-kI -v qƒ ]T-\w Nn-e am-bm-Ø Hm¿Ω-Iƒ k-Ωm-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \n-c¥ - c - w {]-tNm-Z\ - t- a-Ip-∂ A-≤y- m-]I-cp-sS hm-°p-If - pw ap-tºm-´p-≈ H-cp Np-hS- n\m-bn A-h¿ G-Ip-∂ ssI-Øm-ße - p-If - pw I-cp-Xe - pw kvt- \-lh - pw F-√mw A-Xn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. Im-eb - h - \ - n-Ib - ° -v p-≈n¬ a-d™ pt]m-b tPm¿-÷p-Ip-´n km-dn-s‚ in-£W - w kv-a-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ k-a-bØv A-®S- ° - w ]m-en-°m≥ ]Tn-®p Xp-Sß - n-bXv km-dn-s‚ kvt- \-lh - pw hm-’e - y- h - pw Xp-fpºp-∂ H-cp h-Sn-bp-sS km-∂n-≤yam-bn-cp-∂p. ]n-∂o-Sv a-\- n-s‚ B-g-ß-fn-te-°v ]-c-Xn t\m-°p-tºmƒ lr-Z-b-Øn-s‚ D-≈n¬ Xßn-\n¬-°p-∂X - v A-∂v ]Tn-® ]m-´p-If - m-Wv. A-Xn¬ \n-∂m-Wv ""-Nn-d-sIm-Sn-™ Ip-cp-hns°m-cp-\m-fn-sem-cp tam-lw''... t\-gvk - d - n apX¬ bp-hh - I - p-∏v ¢m- v h-sc-bp-≈ ]T-\w Ft∏m-gpw a-\ - n-s\ k-t¥m-j] - p-fI - n-X\ - m-°p∂-Xm-Wv. am-b° v- m≥ ]-‰m-Ø Nn-e \-√ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ F-t∏m-gpw G-h-cp-sS-bpw Po-hn-XØn¬ ]mT-ßƒ k-Ωm-\n-°m≥ D-X-Ip-∂92

Xm-Wv. A-Xp-t]m-se Nn-e \-√ ]mT-ßƒ k¨-tUkvI - qƒ R-ßf - n-epw ]-I¿-∂p X-∂n-´p-≠v. G-sd {]kn-≤a - m-b H-cp I-Yb - p-sS km-cw C-{]-Im-ca - m-Wv, Nnd-Ip-≈ X-s‚ in-jy- K - W - s - Ø H-cp a-ea - p-If - n¬ sIm≠p-t]m-bn \n¿-Øn, Xm-tgm-´p Nm-Sp-I F-∂ Kp-cp-hns‚ B-⁄-sb ]-d-°m≥ I-gn-hn-s√-∂v hn-i-z-kn-® in-jy¿-°v A-{]-k-‡-am-bm-Wv tXm-∂n-b-Xv. Nn-e Im-cy-ßf - n-se-¶n-epw ]p-dt- Im-´p am-dn \n¬-°p-∂ Rß-sf ssI-]n-Sn-®p I-b‰ - p-∂ H-cp-]‰ - w A-≤y- m-]I - ¿ X-s∂-bm-Wv sb-cp-itew k¨-tU-kI v- q-fn-s‚ tim`-bv° - v am-‰p-Iq-´p-∂X - v. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs - ∂-bm-Wv H∂c \q-‰m-≠ns‚ ]m-cº - c - y- a - p-≈ Cu k¨-tU-kvIq-fn¬ \n-∂v tem-I-Øn-s‚ \m-\m-`m-K-tØ-°v t\Xm-°f - m-bpw Kp-cp-°∑ - m-cm-bpw im-k{-v X-˛k - m-t¶-Xn-I cw-K-Øpw C-Xn-se ]q¿-Δ hn-Z-ym¿-∞n-Iƒ D-b¿-Øs∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv. i-XI - m¿-≤i - X - I - Ø - n¬ F-Øn-\n¬-°p-∂ \n-cWw sb-cp-itew k¨-tU-kI v- q-fn¬ \n-∂v e-`n-®n-cn°p-∂ Nn-e ]mT-ßf - n-se-¶n-epw A-Xn-se `m-Ka - m-bn H-c≤-ym-]I - ≥ Im-Wpw. ]mT-]p-kX -v I - Ø - n-\v Du-∂¬ \¬-Ip-∂ kvI - qƒ hn-Zy- m-`ym-k kw-hn-[m-\Ø - n¬ \n∂pw Xo¿-Øpw k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ hn-Z-ym-`-ym-k-sØ hy-Xy- k - X -v a - m-°p-∂X - ,v A-Xn-se A-≤y- m-]I - ¿ X-s∂bm-Wv. Ip-ń-If - p-am-bn ]-¶p-hb - v° - p-∂ Pohn-Xm\p`h-ßf - pw km-£y- ß - f - pw A-hs - c ssZ-hh - p-am-bn Iq-SpX¬ A-Sp-∏n-°p-hm-\pw Po-hn-Xa - q-ey- ß - ƒ-°v Du-∂¬ sIm-Sp-°p-hm-\pw A-hs - c {]m-]X v- c - m-°p-∂p. Po-hn-Xam-Ip-∂ h-gn-Øm-cb - n¬ k-©c - n-®v A-t\-Iw Zq-cw Xm≠n, ]n-d-In-te-°p Xn-cn-™p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ hm-SmsX Du-ja -v f - X - t- bm-sS \n¬-°p-∂ ]q-s®-≠p-t]m-se am-bm-sX \n¬-°p-∂ B Hm¿-ΩI - f - n¬ k¨-tU-kvIq-fpw A-Xn-se A-≤-ym-]I - -cpw A-Xn¬ \n-∂p In-ń-b Po-hn-X] - m-Tß - f - pw D-≠m-Ipw. A-‘-Im-c-Øn¬ \n-∂v A-¤p-X {]-Im-i-Ønte-°v \-bn-°p-∂ ssZ-h-km-∂n-≤yw Xn-cn-®-dn-™v ssZ-ha - ° - f - m-bn-cn-∏m≥ \-ap-°v I-gn-bs - ´. Xp-S¿-∂pw aq-ey- m-[n-jT v n-Xa - m-bp-≈ X-ea - p-dI - s - f hm¿-sØ-Sp-°phm≥ \n-cW - w sb-cp-itew k¨-tU-kI v- q-fn-\pw A≤-ym-]-I¿-°pw I-gn-b-s´ F-∂v B-flm¿-∞-am-bn {]m¿-∞n-°p-Ib - pw B-iw-kn-°p-Ib - pw sN-øp-∂p. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]Tn-∏n® ]mT-ßƒ

eb\ F¬k km_p, Np≈n-°m-´n¬ -(]q¿Δ-hn-Zym¿∞n\n) (Fw.-_n.-_n.-Fkv hnZym¿∞n\n, kt^m-dn nb tÃ‰v saUn-°¬ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n, Dss{I≥)

tbip-{In-kX -v p-hn-s‚ hn-et- b-dn-b \ma-Øn-\v a-lX - z- a - p-≠m-bn-cn-°s - ´. F-s‚ 4˛mw h-bk - v ap-X¬ Rm≥ k¨-tU-kI -v q-fn¬ hcp-hm≥ Xp-Sß - n. H-cp sIm-®p s]¨-Ip-´n-bmbn Rm≥ k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ ¢m-kp-I-fn¬ tIƒ-°p-∂ I-YI - f - pw ]m-´p-If - pw F-s∂ Hcp-]m-Sv kzm-[o-\n-®n-´p-≠v. A-h F-s∂ tbip-hn-¶t- e-°v tN¿-Øv \n¿-Øp-Ib - pw ss__n-fn-s\-°p-dn-®v Iq-Sp-X¬ {Km-lyw X-cn-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp. B-gv-N-tXm-dp-ap-≈ ss__nƒ ]T-\-hpw Iq-´p-Im-cp-sam-Øp-≈ ]m´pw I-fn-If - p-sam-s° H-cp-]m-Sv B-kz- Z- n-®n-cp∂p. k¨- t U- k v - I qƒ hm¿- j n- I - Ø n- \ v t{]m-{Km-ap-I-fn¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ k-Po-h-am-Iphm≥ k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ So-®-dp-am-cp-sS ]n¥p-Wb - pw {]-tNm-Z\ - h - pw H-cp-]m-Sv k-lm-bn®n-´p-≠v. Rm≥ Iu-am-c-{]m-b-am-b-t∏m-tg°pw Pn-Pn-km¿ k¨-tU-kI -v qƒ sl-Ua -v mÃ¿ B-bn. Pn-Pn-km¿ Rßsf I¨-h≥j≥ Ko-X-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-bpw hnhn[ {]m¿-∞\ - m hn-jb - ß - ƒ ]-d™ p-Xc - n-Ib - pw sNbv-Xn-cp-∂p. F-√m Zn-h-k-hpw cm-hn-sebpw ssh-In-´pw ap-´nt∑¬ \n-∂v ss_-_nƒ hm-bn-°p-Ib - pw {]m¿-∞n-°p-Ib - pw sN-øW - sa-∂ Im-cyw Rm≥ k¨-tU-kI v- q-fn-eq-sS-

bm-Wv ]Tn-®X - .v F-√m B-gN -v b - n-epw a-Sn-Iq-Sm-sX ]-≈n B-cm-[-\-bn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°-W-sa-∂pw Pn-Pn-km¿ ]-d™p-Xc - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. B-Zy sk-£\ - n¬ kvt- Xm-{X-ImgvN - k-a¿-∏n-°p-Ib - pw \n-›b - n-® ¢m-kp-Iƒ B-cm-[\ F-Sp-°p-Ib - pw ss_-_nƒ hm-bn-°p-Ib - pw ]m-´p-]mSp-Ib - pw sN-øpw. ti-jw Pn-Pn-km¿ ¢m-kv eo-Ud - m-bn {]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂ Ip-´n-tb-bpw ¢m-kn¬ \n-∂pw ]-s¶Sp-Ø ti-jw Ip-´n-Is - f-bpw ssI-øS- n-®v t{]m-’m-ln∏n-°p-Ib - pw A-`n-\μ - n-°p-Ib - pw sN-øpw. C-hb - n¬ \n∂v a-‰p-≈h - c - p-sS {]-h¿-Øn-Is - f-bpw I-gn-hp-Is - f-bpw A-`n-\μ - n-°p-hm-\p-≈ io-eh - pw Rm≥ Po-hn-XØ - n¬ {]m-h¿-Øn-I-am-°n. H-∂mw sk-£≥ I-gn-™v Rßƒ ¢m- p-If - n-te-°v t]m-Ipw. {]m¿-∞\ - t- bm-sS ¢mkv Xp-Sß - pw. ¢m- n¬ jm-Pn km¿ H-cp-]m-Sv Im-cy- ß - ƒ ]-d-bp-I-bpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-øpw. ti-jw t\m-´pIƒ F-gp-Xn {]m¿-∞-\-tbm-sS ¢m- n¬ \n-∂pw a-Sßpw. k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fn¬ \n-∂v H-cp-]m-Sv Im-c-y-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-hm≥ km-[n-®p. Hm-tcm hy-‡n-bpw X-s‚ a-cWw h-sc {]m-h¿-Øn-Ia - m-t°-≠ Im-cy- ß - f - m-Wv k¨tU-kI v- qƒ \-Ωs - f ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂X - v. tb-ip-hn-¶t- e-°p≈ \-Ωp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\h - pw k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ X-s∂bm-Wv. Iu-am-c{- ]m-bØ - n¬ \mw t\-cn-Sp-∂ F-√m {]tem-`\ - ß - s - f X-cW - w sN-øp-hm-\pw am-Xm-]n-Xm-°s - f A-\p-kc - n-°p-hm-\pw _-lp-am-\n-°p-hm-\pw k¨-tUkvI - qƒ h-fs - c-b[ - n-Iw k-lm-bn-®p. Po-hn-X-Øn¬ ]Tn-®v \-√ \n-e-bn¬ F-Øn-t®-cW-sa-∂v {]-tNm-Z\ - w \-eI -v n-bX - n¬ {]-[m-\ ]-¶v k¨tU-kvI - q-fn-\p-≠v. A-t\-Iw a-lØ - p-°s - f cq-]s - ∏-SpØn-b C-Sa - m-Wv sb-cp-itew k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ F-∂v A-`n-am-\] - q¿-Δw kva - c - n-°p-∂p. Xp-S¿-∂pw Ip-™p-ßsf ssZ-hØ - n-\v sIm-≈m-hp-∂h - c - m-bn Xo¿-°p-∂ ip{iq-j-bn¬ i-‡n-tbm-sS ap-t∂-dm≥ F-√m-h-tc-bpw ssZ-hw {]m-]vX - c - m-°s - ´.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

dnt∏m¿´v

tPm¨ ]n. h¿°n ]mc-bn¬ (sk{I-´dn)

ssZh-Øns‚ AXn-c‰ Ir]-bm¬ \ncWw sbcp-itew am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ itXm-Øc kph¿Æ Pq_nen BtLm-jn-°p-hm-≥ ssZhw Ir] sNbvXp. 1870-˛¬ \ncWw sk‚ v tacokv Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv henb ]≈n-bpsS kao-]-Øp≈ ]pfn-º≈n ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ \S-Øn-h∂ ]≈n-°q-S-Øn¬ Bcw-`n® thZ-]-T-\- I-fcn ]n∂oSv \nc-WsØ \ho-I-c-WØ -- ns‚ Cu‰n-√-ambn amdn. \ncWsØ \ho-I-cW {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Aa-c-°m-c-\mb ]´-ap-°n¬ Koh¿Kokv IØ\m¿ bmt°m_v IØ-\m-cpsS t\-Xr-X-z-Øn¬ sh¨]d-ºn¬ eqt°mkv Bim≥ {]Ya A≤-ym-]-I-\mbn Bcw-`n® thZ-]-T\ Ifcn ]n∂oSv sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ F∂ \ma-t[--bØ - n¬ Adn- b - s ∏- S p- ∂ - X n\pw tZisØ hnhn[ k`- I - f n¬s∏´ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v k¨tU-kvIqƒ A`-y-k\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw ssZhw Ir] sNbvXp. 1970-˛¬ iXm–n BtLm-jn® \ΩpsS k¨-tU-kvIqƒ hnhn[ k`-I-fn¬ k¨tU-kvIqƒ {]ÿm\w Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xn\p apºp-Xs∂ \ΩpsS tZiØv Bcw-`n®p F∂p-≈-Xn¬ ssZhsØ kvXp-Xn-°p-∂p. Pq_nen kw_-‘n-®p≈ hnhn[ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂Xn\v 2019 Pqsse amkw 28-˛mw Xob-Xn hnImcn dh. kJ-dnb tPmWns‚ A≤-y-£-X-bn-¬ IqSnb A≤-ym-]IkwLw AwKoImcw \¬-In-bn-´p-≈-Xp-am-Ip-∂p. 1. itXm-Øc kph¿Æ-Pq-_nen DZvLm-S\ ktΩ-f\w AJnetemI k¨tU-kvIqƒ Zn\-amb 2019 \hw-_¿ 3˛mw XobXn Rmb-dmgvN 2 aWn°v \nc-Ww sk‚-dnse k¨tUsbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

kvIqƒ Ip´n-Ifpw A≤ym-]-Icpw \nc-WsØ hen-b-]-≈n-bn¬ IqSp-Ibpw AhnsS \n∂v h¿Æm-`a - mb dmensb XpS¿∂v 2.30 \v \ΩpsS HmUn- t ‰m- d n- b - Ø n¬ FØn- t ®- c p- I bpw sNbvXp. Cu ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ae-¶c Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k` \ncWw `{Zm-k\ A≤-y-£≥ A`n-h-μy tUm. bqlm-t\m≥ am¿ {Intkm-Ãtamkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Pq_nen ]cn-]m-Sn-IfpsS DZvLm-S\ I¿Ωw \n¿Δ-ln-®p. \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø\w 1970-˛¬ k¨tU-kvIqƒ iXm–n kvamcI-ambn \n¿Ωn® KÃv lukns‚ kwc-£-WØn\pw apIƒ\ne D]-tbm-K{- ]-Za - m-°p∂ hn[Ønepw hnZKv≤ A`n-{]m-b-{]-Imcw Hcp Pq_nen kvamcIw ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn\v B{K-ln-°p∂p. ]q¿Δ-hn-Z-ym¿∞n A≤-ym-]I ktΩ-f\w 2019 Unkw-_¿ 25-˛mw XobXn _p[-\mgvN k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ ]q¿ΔhnZym¿∞n A≤-ym-]I ktΩ-f\w ]≈n-bn¬ sh®v \S-∂p. hnImcn dh. kJ-dnb tPm¨ A≤-y-£X hln--®p. hnImcn P\-d¬ dh. kvIdnb G{_lmw apJ-ym-Xn-Yn-bmbn ]s¶-Sp-Øp. Cu k¨tUkvIq-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n® 70 hb v Ign™ A≤-ym-]I - sc s]m∂m-S, ]pkvXIw F∂nh \¬In BZ-cn-®p. 25 h¿j-Øn\v ap≥]v k¨tUkvIqƒ A≤ym-]-\-Øn¬ {]th-in® A≤-ym]-I-tcbpw BZ-cn®p. ]q¿Δ-hn-Zym¿∞nIƒ A\p- ` - h - ß ƒ ]¶n- ´ p. Cu CS- h - I - b n¬ \n∂p≈ ]´-°m¿, ap≥hn-Im-cn-am¿ acp-a-°fmb ]´-°m¿ Cu ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØp. hnZ-ym-`-ymk klmb ^≠v Pq_n-en-tbmSv A\p-_-‘n®v ]T-\Øn¬ Xev]-ccpw kmº-Øn-I-ambn ]nt∂msbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

°w \n-¬°p-∂-h-cp-amb s{]m^-j-W¬ tImgvkp-I-fn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fmb hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v ]T\ klmbw \¬Ip-∂-Xn\m-bn Hcp ^≠v Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v Xmev]-c-ys∏-Sp-∂p. anj≥ Sq¿ \ΩpsS c≠p k¨tU-kvIq-fn-tebpw A≤-ym-]-I-tcbpw hnZ-ym¿∞n-I-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈n-®p-sIm≠v 15-˛01-˛2020 ¬ Xriq¿ tI{μam°n Hcp anj≥ Sq¿ \S-Øp-∂X - n\v km[n-®p. kph-\o¿ {]Im-i\w 1970-˛¬ iXm–n kvamc-Ia - mbn Hcp kph\o¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xp-t]mse 150-˛mw h¿jØn¬ k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ Ncn{Xw, CS-h-Ibp--tSbpw \ΩpsS tZi-Øn-s‚bpw Ncn-{Xw, B\p-Im-enI hnj-b-ßƒ, k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym¿∞n-Iƒ ]q¿Δ-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ F∂n-hcpsS ]w‡n, ktμ-i-ßƒ, BiwkIƒ F∂nh Dƒs°m-≈n-®p-sIm≠v Hcp kvac-WnI Xøm-dm-°p-∂X - n\pw CXv Pq_nen kam-]\ ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ sh®v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw B{K-ln-°p-∂p. CXns‚ I¨ho-\¿ {io-aXn _n\p adnbw tPmkpw No^v FUn-‰¿ tUm. amXyp tXmakpw Dƒs∏sS hnImcn A-®-≥ A≤-y-£-\m-bp≈ FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Uv kph-\o-dns‚ {]kn-≤o-I-cWØn\v Bh-iyamb {Iao-I-cWw sNøp-∂-XmWv. itXm-Øc kph¿Æ Pq_nen kam-]\ ktΩ-f\w itXm-Øc kph¿Æ-Pq-_nen kam-]-\k- t Ω- f \w 2021 HIv t Sm- _ ¿ amkw 3˛mw XobXn Rm-bd - mgvN A`n-hμy tUm. Xnb-tUmjykv am¿-tØm-Ωm sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ Xncp-ta\n-bpsS apJy Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Øn¬ \S-Ø-s∏´ hnip≤ Ip- ¿ - _ m- \ - b v ° v tijw ]≈n- b n¬

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

IqSn. hn- I mcn dh. sI.ssh tP°_v A®s‚ A≤y-£X - b - n¬ IqSnb ktΩ-f\w Un.- F kv. Fw.- & kn. Ub- d - I vS¿ dh. Binjv tXmakv tPm¿Pv A®s‚ {]m¿∞\- t bmSp IqSn B- c w- ` n- ® p. slUv a m- Ã ¿ tPm¿Pv h¿Kokv h∂p-tN¿∂ Gh¿°pw kzmK-X-am-iw-kn-®p. XpS¿∂v A≤y-£-{]-kw-K-am-bn-cp-∂p. sa{Xm-s∏m-eoØ ÿm\-e-_v[n°v tijw CS-h-I-bn¬ BZy kμ¿i\w \S-Øp∂ sa{Xm- t ∏m- e oØ 150 h¿jw ]n∂n- S p∂ k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ Pq_nen ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂X - n-ep≈ kt¥m-ja - d - n-bn®p sIm≠pw Pq_nen ktΩ-f\w hf¿∂p-hcp∂ Xe-ap-dbv°v Bthiw \¬Ip-∂-Xm-IW-sa∂pw Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v A≤y£-{]-kwKw D]-kw-l-cn-®p. kvac-Wn-I-bpsS No^v FUn-‰¿ tUm. amXyp-tXm-akv kvac-Wn-I-bpsS D≈-S°w ]cn-N-bs∏SpØp-Ibpw {]Im-i-\-Øn-\mbn A`n-hμy sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øsb £Wn-°pIbpw sNbvXp. A`n-hμy Xncp-ta\n kvacWn-I-bpsS tIm∏n kamPw P\-d¬ sk{I´dn dh. tPm¿Pv sNdn-bm\v \¬In-s°m≠v {]Im-i\w sNbvXp. XpS¿∂p \SØnb apJy-kt- μ-iØ - n¬ A`n- h μy Xncp- t a- \ n, ssZh- h - N - \ - ] - T \w Kuc- h - a mbn ImW- W - s a- ∂ pw, hf¿∂p- h cp∂ Xe-ap-dsb ssZh-kvt\-l-Ønepw k`bp-am-bp≈ _‘-Øn-epw, kmaq-ly-{]-Xn-_≤- X - b nepw hf¿Øn- s °m- ≠ p- h - c p- h m≥ {i≤n- ° - W - s a∂pw D¬t_m- [ n- ∏ n- ® p. k¨tU-kvIqƒ Ip´n-If - psS Kmb-Ik - wLw

Pq_nenKm\w Be-]n-®p. XpS¿∂v CS- h - I mw- K - a mb dh- . tUm. kÆn tPm¿Pv k¨tU-kvIqƒk-amPw P\d¬ sk{I-´dn dh. tPm¿Pv sNdn-bm≥, CS-hI-bpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn sk{I-´dn kmw sI. h¿Kokv F∂n-h¿ Biw-k-Iƒ Adn-bn-®psIm≠v {]kw-Kn-®p. 2021se _ncp-Z-]-co-£-bn¬ ]s¶-SpØv 75 iX-am-\Ø - n¬°q-Sp-X¬ am¿°v hmßnb 4 hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p≈ kΩm-\-ßƒ sa{Xmt∏m-eoØ Xocp-ta\n hnX-cWw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ- A-≤ym-]\ip{iq-jb - n¬ Bbncn°p∂ A≤ym-]-I¿°p≈ saa-t‚m-Ifpw A`n-h-μy-Xn-cp-ta\n kΩm-\n-®p. k¨tU-kvIqƒ sk{I-´dn tPm¨ ]n. h¿°n IrX-⁄X tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn. ap≥ A≤ym-]-I≥ {io. amXyqkv h¿Kokns‚ {]m¿∞-\b - v°pw, A`n-hμy Xncp-ta-\nbpsS Bio¿hm-ZØ - n-\pw tijw tbmKw ]cyh-km-\n-®p. tbmKm-\-¥cw k¨tU-kvIq-fnse apgph≥ Ip™p-ßƒ°pw kΩm-\-ßfpw a[p-c-]e- l m- c - ß fpw Ah- c - h - c psS `h- \ - ß - f n¬ FØn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ign-™p. \ΩpsS ]nXm- ° - ∑ m¿ Xym- K - ] q¿Δw Bcw-`n® k¨tU-kvIq-fp-If - p-tSbpw CS-hI - bp-sSbpw AwK-ßf - m-bn-cn-∏m≥ ssZhw \ap°v Ir] sNbvXp. XpS¿∂pw \ΩpsS Xe-ap-dI - f - psS BﬂoI ]cn-t]m-j-W-Øn\v \ΩpsS k¨-tU-kvIq-fp-Iƒ apJm-¥c - a - m-Is - ´-sb∂ {]m¿∞-\t- bmSpw Biw-kt- bmSpw Cu itXm-Øc kph¿Æ Pq_nen dnt∏m¿´v ka¿∏n-®p-sIm≈p-∂p. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

`mcX ss{IkvXh hni-zm-k-Øns‚ Xd-hm-Sn-te-s°mcp bm{X

imtemw Uo\m _nPp & sPdpjm B≥ _nPp amØ≥]-d-ºn¬ (k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ)

ssZh-Xn-cp-\m-a-Øn\p al-X-z-ap-≠m-Is´ ""\o t]mIp-∂n-S-sØm-s°bpw Rm≥ \ns‚ IqsS-bp≠v; Dd∏pw ss[c-yhpw D≈-h-\m-bn-cn-°''. Ip´n-I-fmb Rßƒ°v bm{X-Iƒ hfsc C„-am-Wv. ]pXnb ÿe-ßƒ ImWmw, ]p-Xnb Imc-y-ßƒ ]Tn-°mw. anj≥ Sqdn-s\-°p-dn®p bm{Xm hnh-cWw Fgp-X-W-sa∂v PnPn km¿ Rß-tfmSv ]d-™p. Aßs\ Fgp-Xn-bX - mWv Cu hnh-c-Ww. P\p-hcn 15-˛mw XobXn k¨tU-kvIqƒ anj≥ Sqdns‚ `mK-ambn Xriq-cn-te-°mWv Rßƒ bm{X t]mb-Xv. _p[-\mgvN cmhnse 5 aWn Bb-t∏mƒ F√mhcpw ]≈n- b n¬ FØn- t ®¿∂p. hnImcn kJ- d nbm tPm¨ A®s‚ {]m¿∞-\-tbmSp IqSn 5:15 Bb-t∏mƒ _ n¬ Ibdn Rßƒ bm{X Bcw-`n-®p. A≤ym-]-Icpw Ip´n-Ifpw c£m-I¿Øm-°-fp-ambn 40 t]¿ D≠m-bncp∂p. cmhn-esØ XWp∏v ImcWw Rßƒ F√m-hcpw kpJ-\n{Z-bn-em-bn. IÆp-Xp-d∂v t\m°n-bt- ∏m-ƒ Fd-Wm-Ipfw ichW tlm´-ens‚ apºn¬ h≠n ]m¿°v sNøp-∂p. AhnsS hn`-h-k-ar-≤-amb {]`mX `£Ww Ign®p. A-hnsS \n∂v Hcp aWn-°q¿ bm{X sNbvXv Rßƒ Ago-t°m-Sv sImSp-ß√ - q¿ am¿tØm-Ωm s]m¥n-^n-°¬ Xo¿∞-tI-{μØn¬ FØn- t ®¿∂p. ]- ≈ n- b psS ap≥h- i Øv am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS Hcp henb {]Xna D≠v. AXns‚ Ccp hi-ß-fnepw ]{¥≠v As∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cpsS-bpw amXm- h n- s ‚bpw {]Xn- a - I ƒ \n¿Ωn- ® n- c p- ∂ p. BZyw am¿tØmΩm kvarXn Xcw-KØ - n-te-°mWv Rßƒ Ib-dn-bX - v.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

am¿tØmΩm «olm C¥- y - b n¬ h∂Xp apX¬ t\cn´ {]Xn-k-‘n-Ifpw At±lw \SØnb bm{X-Ifpw A¤pX {]h¿Øn-Ifpw kphn- t ij {]h¿Ø- \ - ß fpw hni- Z o- I - c n°p∂ 20 an\n‰v ssZ¿L-ya - p≈ UnPn-‰¬ tjm I≠p. Ahn-SpsØ sdŒ-¿ A®≥ am¿tØmΩm «olm-sb-°p-dn®v Hcp eLp hnh-cWw \¬In. ]≈n-bv°p-≈n¬ am¿tØmΩm «olmbpsS Xncp-ti-jn∏v Rß-ƒ-s°-√m-h¿°pw ImWm≥ Xpd-∂p-X-∂p. am¿-tØmΩm «olmbpsS heXp Ic-Øn-s‚ 15cms \of-ap≈ Aÿn-bm-bn-cp-∂p AXv. Nm-hd A®s‚ {]Xnabpw I≠p. am¿tØm-Ωm «olm-bpsS s]cp∂m-fns‚ ka-bØv kotdm ae-_m¿, kotdm ae-¶c, eØo≥ I-tØm-en° F∂o k`-Ifnse _nj-∏-∑m¿ C-hnsS ip{iqj \S-Øp∂p. Cu ]≈n-bnse apI-fn-esØ Ipcn-in\pw sImSn-a-c-Ønse Ipcn-in-\pw {]tX-y-IX D≠v. AXm-bXv Hcp Ipcn-ins‚ apI-fn¬ as‰mcp Ipcniv IpSn. A-hnsS \n∂pw ho≠pw 11.30\v bm{X XpS¿∂p. ASp-Ø-Xmbn Rßƒ FØn-t®¿∂Xv ]me-bq¿ Nmh-°mSv ]≈n-bn¬ BWv. ]≈nbn¬ Ib-dp-tºmƒ I¬°p-cnipw I¬hn-f°pw ImWmw. aptºm´v \S-°p-tºmƒ am¿tØmΩm Ihm-S-Øn¬ FØpw. Ihm-S-Øns‚ heØp`mK-Ømbn hN-\-a-ﬁ]w ImWmw. {InkvXpin-j-y-\mb am¿tØmΩm «olm C¥-y-bn¬

FØn BZyw hN\{]tLm-jWw \S-Ønb thZn-bmWv Cu hN-\-a-ﬁ]w F∂v hni-z-kn°- s ∏- S p- ∂ p. am¿tØmΩm «olm- b psS a≤yÿX a\- n¬ [ym-\n®v `‡n-]q¿Δw hN\-aﬁ ] - Ø - n¬ Ccp-∂p-sIm≠v tXmam «olmbp- a mbn _‘- s ∏- ´ p≈ hn. tbml- ∂ ms‚ kphn-ti-j-Ønse 11 Dw 14 Dw A≤-ym-b-ßƒ hmbn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CsXmcp ]pWyI¿Ωambn sNøp∂ Iptd- t ]sc I≠p. AhnsS Nne t_m¿Up-I-fn¬ \√ Ipº-km-c-Øn\p th≠ Imc-y-ßƒ, ]m]w G‰p-]-d-®n-en¬ sNtø≠ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, Xncp-k-`-bpsS Iev]-\Iƒ, ]Øv Iev]-\-Iƒ F∂nh F-gpXn {]Z¿in-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. c≠m-bncw h¿j-tØmfw ]g-°ap≈ am¿tØmΩm «olm ÿm]n® Ggc ]≈n-I-fn¬ ÿm\w H´pw am-dmsX \ne-\n¬°p∂ GI-tZ-hm-e-b-am-Wn-Xv. am¿tØmΩm «olm ]I¿∂p \¬Inb ss{I-kvXh kphntijw ssNX-\yw sISmsX Xe-apd Xe-apd ssIamdn ]me-bq-cnepw Np‰p-]mSpw ss{IkvXh kPo-h-Xbmbn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. 1607-˛¬ C‰-en-°m-c-\mb Cutim k` sshZn-I≥ ^m. s^\o-®ntbm Fkv.-sP.-bpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ]me- b q¿ CS- h I tZhm- e bw ]p- X p°n ]WnXp. am¿ tXma «olm-bpsS ]qPym-hi - n-„ßƒ kq£n-®n-cn-°p∂ C‰-en-bnse Hm¿tØmW- b n¬ \n∂v sIm≠p- h ∂ Xncp- t i- j n∏v

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Xo¿∞-tI-{μ-Øns‚ {][m\ AƒØm-cb - psS apI-fn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. t{Kms´m kotdm- ˛ - a - e - _ m¿ k`m- ≤ - y - £ - ∑ m- c psS ]me-bq¿ kμ¿i\ kvamc-Ia - mbn \n¿Ωn-®n-´p≈-XmWv {][m\ Ihm-S-Øn\p kao-]-ap≈ eq¿±v amXm-hns‚ t{Kms´m. Xfn-b-°pfw tXmam- « olm ]me- b q- c n¬ X¿∏- W m¤pXw \S-Øp-Ibpw ]q¿Δn-Isc amtΩm-Zokm ap°p- I bpw sNbv X Xv Cu Ipf- Ø n- e m- W v F∂v hn-i-z-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. amtam-Zok inev]w Xfn- b - ° p- f - t ØmSv tN¿∂mWv amtamZok inev ] w. tXmam- « olm ]q¿Δn- I ¿°v amtam- Z ok \¬Ip∂Xns‚ Hcp inev ] hpw amtam-Zok sXm´nbpw CXn-t\m-S-Sp-Øp-Xs∂ ImWmw. ChnsS amk-Øn¬ Hcn-°¬ kaql amtam-Zok \S-Øp∂p. t_m´p-Ip-fhpw inev]hpw F.-Un.52 ¬ sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ I∏-en-dßnb tXmam «olm Pe-KX - m-KX am¿§w ]mebqcnte°v t_m´n¬ h∂n- d - ß nb ÿew. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

tXmam «ol t_mń¬ \n¬°p∂ Hcp inev]hpw ChnsS ÿm]n-®n-´p-≠v. am¿tØmΩm «ol inev]w t_m´p- I pfw tImºu- ≠ n¬ temIØnse G‰hpw henb am¿tØmΩm inev]w \nev°p∂p. 45 ASn-bmWv Db-cw. Xfn-b-°pfw It∏f F√m sNmΔm- g vN- I - f nepw cmhnse Ip¿∫m-\bv°p tijw ChnsS am¿ tXmam «olm-bpsS s\mth-\bpw eZo™pw t\¿®-hnX-c-Whpw \S-Øp-∂p. c‡-km£n afi]w sk‚ v tXmakv ssaem-]q-cn¬ c‡-km£n- X zw hcn® Nn∂- a - e - b psS amXr- I - b n¬ ]Wn-Xo¿Øn-´p≈ c‡-km-£n-a-fi-]w. c‡-km£nafi-]-Øns‚ apºn-embn `mc-Xob thj-amb kmcn [cn®p \n¬°p∂ ]cn-ip≤ I\-y-I-tacn inev]w. kc-k-zXn k¶ev]-Øn¬ Xma-c-bn¬ \n¬°p∂ amXr-I-bnemWv inev]w. Ncn-{X-a-yq-knbw t_m´p-Ip-f-Øns‚ tImºu-≠n-em-Wv CXv ÿnXn sNøp-∂Xv. `mc-X-ss{I-kvX-h-

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

cpsS Ncn- { X- k mw- k v I m- c nI ]mc- º - c - y - ß ƒ {]I-S-am-Ip∂ ]pcm-h-kvXp-°-fp-tSbpw a‰pw Ie-h-d-bm-Wn-Xv. hnhn[ Inco-S-ßƒ, B`-c-Wßƒ, hnhn[ Unssk- \ n- e p≈ Dcp- f n- I ƒ, B\-s°m-ºn¬ Xo¿Ø {Iqin-X\mb tbiphn-s‚bpw amXm-hn-s‚bpw cq]w, hnhn[ `mjI-fn¬ D≈ ss__nƒ (tem-Ø, Ip°n, kpan, aWn-]qcn `mj etc...) Nμ-\-Ø-Sn-bn¬ Xo¿Ø sagp- I p- X ncn Ãm‚p- I ƒ ]g- b - I me _m‚ v sk‰v sF‰w-kv, hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\bv°v ]pkvXIw sh°p∂ Ãm‚p-Iƒ, hnhn-[-Xcw inev]ß -- ƒ, ]gb Zn-hm≥tIm-´v, ]√-°v, ]g-bIme Xq°p°-ń-Iƒ, 7 IqZm-iI - f - psS t^m-t´mIƒ F∂nh Rßƒ AhnsS I≠p. aWn-tKm-]pcw tIc-f-Ønse G‰hpw Db-c-ap≈ aWntKm-]p-cß - f - n-sem-∂mWv CXv. Hcp \q‰m-≠n\p apºv hntZ- i - Ø p- \ n∂v sIm≠p- h ∂ Iq‰≥ aWn-bmWv tKm]p-c-Øn¬ ÿm]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. PqX-kvam-cI It∏f am¿ tXmam «olm-bpsS hwi-Pc - mb PqX∑m-cpsS kn\-tKmKv D≠m-bn-cp∂ ÿe-ØmWv Ct∏m-gsØ PqX-kvam-cI It∏-f. AhnsS \n∂v Rßƒ bm{X Xncn®v ap‡n anj≥ ô¬Un¬ FØn- t ®¿∂p. Rßƒ°p≈ D®-`-£-Ww Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p. F¬.- s I.- P n. apX¬ 4˛mw ¢mkv hsc- b p≈ Cw•ojv aoUnbw ¢m p-Iƒ ap‡n-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. Ass{I-kvXh Ipń-I-fmWv IqSp-Xepw Chn-sS-bp-≈X - v. \n¿≤-\c - mb amXm]n-Xm-°-fpsS Ipń-Iƒ°v ôkv hmßmsX hnZ-ym-`y- mkw \¬Ip∂p. kvIqfn-t\mSv tN¿∂v ]Wn \S-°p∂ Hcp Nm∏epw D≠v. Nm∏¬ ]pXp°n ]Wn-bp-hm≥ D≠mb kml-N-c-y-ßsf- ° p- d n®pw ]g- b - I me anj≥ {]h¿Ø- \ ßfpw Ct∏mƒ t\cn-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ sh√phn-fnI-sf-°p-dn®pw tPm¨ Cutim A®≥ ]d- ™ p. AhnsS \n∂v Rßƒ t]mbXp Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£{Xw ImWp-hm-\m-Wv. t£{X- Ø ns‚ Ingt° \S- b n- e qsS \S∂v ]cn-kc - ß - ƒ I≠v ]Sn-™msd hiØv sN∂p. AhnsS \n∂v sN∂p tN¿∂Xv Xriqcn\v hS- ° p≈ B\- Ø m- h - f - Ø n- e m- W v. AhnsS 48 B\- I - f p- ≠ v . ]e- X - c - Ø n- e p≈ B\- I sf I≠p. sImº- \ m- \ , ]nSn- b m- \ , G‰hpw \ofhpw {]mbw sN∂-Xp-amb B\-Isfbpw I≠p. B\ X\nsb Ipfn-°p-∂Xpw

100

B\sb tNmdq-´p-∂Xpw ImWm≥ Rßƒ°v km[n-®p. Rßƒ°v `bw tXm∂n-sb-¶nepw B\-∏m-∏m-∑m¿ F{X emL-h-tØm-sS-bmWv Ah-tbmSv CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xv. \mep-a-Wn-°sØ Nmbbpw GØ- ° m- ∏ hpw Ign- ® n´v Rßƒ bm{X ]ns∂bpw XpS¿∂p. ASpØ ÿew "t__n _o®m-Wv'. 15 an\n-t‰mfw _o®n¬ Nne- h - g n- ® p. Xnc- b n¬ Ifn®v Rß- f psS hkv{X-ß-sf√mw \\-™p. AhnSp∂v bm{X Xncn®v FØn-t®¿∂Xv Bep- h m- b nse tlm´- e n- e m- W v . kabw At∏mƒ cm{Xn 8 aWn. `£Ww Ign™v ho≠pw bm{X XpS¿∂p. sat{Sm-bn¬ Ib-d-Ww, Rm≥ BZ-ya - m-bn-´mWv sat{Sm bm{X. Bephm sat{Sm tÃj-\n¬ 9 aWn°v FØn. Bep-hmbn¬ \n∂pw sat{Sm s{Sbn\n¬ I-bdn FØnbXv CS-∏≈n tÃj-\n¬. Cu sat{Sm bm{X Rß-fpsS Pohn-X-Ønse thdn´ A\p-`-h-ambn-cp-∂p. epep amfn\p≈n¬ IqSn sNdnb Hcp k©m-chpw \S-Øn. 10.30 B-b-t∏mƒ ho≠pw _kv bm{X Bcw- ` n- ® p. £o- W w ImcWw Rßƒ F√m-hcpw Dd°w ]nSn-®p. 12:15 am Bb-t∏mƒ ]≈n-bn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. ssZhØns‚ Ir]-bm¬ Rß-fpsS bm{X hn⁄m\-{]-Zhpw kt¥m-j-Zm-b-Ihpw Bbn-cp-∂p. bm{X-bn-ep-S-\ofw e`n® ssZhoI kwc-£-WØn\v ssZh-tØmSv \μn A¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v Cu Ipdn∏v ChnsS Npcp-°p-∂p.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

101

150

1870 - 2020

102

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

103

150

1870 - 2020

104

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

105

150

1870 - 2020

106

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

107

150

1870 - 2020

108

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

k¨tU-kvIqƒ A`-y-k-\hpw tImhnUv hym-]-\hpw tUm. sI.-sI. tPm¨ (sshkv {]kn-U‚v, am¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIqƒ kamPw)

{_ko-en-se dn-tbm \-K-cw k-©m-cn-Ifp-sS ]-dp-Zo-k F-∂ \n-e-bn¬ h-f-sc {]-kn≤-am-Wv. dn-tbm Un P-\o-tdm \-K-cw H-fnw-_nIv-kn-\p th-Zn-bm-Im≥ I-gn-™-Xn¬ {_-koep-Im¿ A-`n-am-\w sIm-≈p-∂p-≠v. dn-tbm \-Kc-Øn¬ h-cp-∂ k-©m-cn-I-fpw bm-{X-°m-cpw dn-tbm-bp-sS Ip-∂n≥-ap-I-fn¬ ÿn-Xn sN-øp∂ a-t\m-l-c-am-b ]-Sp-Iq-‰≥ {]-Xn-a-bm-b "ss{I-Ãv Zv d-Uo-a¿' Im-Wm≥ Ip-∂p-I-b-dm-dp≠v. Ip-∂n-s‚ s\-dp-Ib - n-ep-≈ {]-Xn-ab - ° v- p 39 A-Sn D-b-c-hpw \n-h¿-Øn-b ssI-Iƒ X-Ωn¬ 29 A-Sn ho-Xn-bp-ap-≠v. Ip-∂p-I-b-dn B {]-Xna-bp-sS Np-h-´n¬ F-Øn-bm¬ F-s¥m-cp im¥-Xb - m-Wv. Ip-fn¿-Ωb - p-≈ Im-‰v a-\ - n-se `mc-ß-fpw {]-bm-k-ß-fpw H-gn-™p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xpt]m-se-bp-≈ {]-Xo-Xn. A¬-]-t\-cw A-hn-sSbn-cp-∂m¬ kz¿-§m-\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv A-\p-`-hw. k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ; Ip-™p-ßs - f kw-_‘ - n-®v Cu {]-Xn-a-bp-sS Np-h-´n¬ A¬-]-t\-cw C-cn°p-∂X - p-t]m-se-bm-Wv. tcm-K` - b - Ø - m¬ D-≈ am-\-kn-I kw-L¿-jw, ]T-\-`m-cw, H-‰-s∏-S¬

C-h-sb-√mw a-d-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂ A-h-ÿ. Ip-™pßƒ-°v tIm-hn-Uv 19 hym-]\ - I - m-ew ]-eX - c - w kwL¿-jß - ƒ D-fh - m-°p-∂p. F-∂m¬ C-hb - n¬ \n∂p-≈ tam-N\ - w k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ ]T-\Ø - n-eq-sS ho-s≠-Sp-°p-hm≥ I-gn-™p. tImhnUv 19 F∂ alm-am-cnsb AXn-Po-hn®p 2020 A- ≤ - y - b - \ h¿- j - Ø n- s ‚ B- Z - y - ] m- Z Øn¬ X-s∂ tem-I-Øv tIm-hn-Uv hym-]-\w I≠p-Xp-S-ßn. am¿-®v B-Z-y-hm-cw X-s∂ tI-c-f-Ønepw Cu tcm-Kw hym-]n-®p Xp-S-ßn. hn-Z-ym-e-b-ßfpw ]-≈n-I-fpw A-S-®p. k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ hn-Z-ym`-ym-k-hpw ap-t∂m-´p sIm-≠p-t]m-Im≥ I-gn-bmØ A-h-ÿ-bm-bn. Ip-™p-ßƒ Dƒ-s∏-sS F√m-h-cpw A-S-™ ap-dn-Iƒ-°p-≈n¬ C-cn-°m≥ \n¿-_-‘n-X-cm-bn. k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ ¢m- p-Iƒ ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw \n-e-®p. k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ A-`-y-k\-Øn-\p-≈ {]-Xn-hn-[n-I-sf-∏-‰n k-am-Pw B-temNn-°p-hm≥ Xp-Sß - n. 2020 Pq-em-bv B-bt- ∏mƒ kam-Pw Hm¨-sse≥ ¢m- p-Iƒ X-øm-dm-°n {]-h¿Ø-I-cn-eq-sS Ip-™p-ß-fn¬ F-Øn-°p-hm≥ {iaw Xp-S-ßn. B-cw-`-Øn¬ {]-Xn-I-c-Ww B-im-h-

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

109

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

l-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p F-¶n¬ Iq-Sn {I-ta-W am- X m- ] n- X m- ° - f p- s S- b pw k¨- t U- k v Iqƒ A-≤y- m-]I - c - p-sS-bpw ssh-Zn-Ic - p-sSbpw k-l-I-c-W-tØm-sS Hm¨-sse≥ ¢m- p-Iƒ k-Po-h-am-bn. k-am-Pw B-{Kln-® co-Xn-bn¬ ]mT-ßƒ ]q¿-Øo-I-cn°p-hm≥ I-gn-™p. hm¿-jn-I ]-co-£bpw _n-cp-Zp ]-co-£-bpw A-≤-y-m-]-I ]co-£-bpw Hm¨-sse≥ co-Xn-bn¬ \-SØ-s∏-´p. _n-cp-Zp ]-co-£ A-≤y- m-]I - ]co-£ C-h-bp-sS aq-e-y-\n¿-Æ-b-hpw \-SØn. G-sd B-i-¶-bn-em-bn-cp-∂ hn.-_n.F-kv.Dw Hm¨-sse≥ πm-‰v-t^m-an-eq-sS \-S-Øn. ]pXnb {]Xo£ tIm-hn-Uv {]-Xn-k‘ - n-bn-epw 2021 A≤-yb - \ - h¿-jw {]-Xo-£t- bm-sS B-cw-`n®p. Hm¨-sse≥ ¢m- p-Iƒ {I-ao-Ir-Xam-b co-Xn-bn¬ X-s∂ k-am-Pw X-øm-dm°n k¨-tU-kv-Iq-fp-Iƒ-°v A-b-®psIm-Sp-Øp. A-≤-ym-]-I¿, sl-Uv-am-Ã¿am¿, A-®≥-am¿, sk‚¿ sk-{I-´-dn-am¿, sk‚¿ C≥-kv-s]-Œ¿-am¿, Un-kv-{Sn-Œv Hm¿-K-ss\-k¿-am¿, `-{Zm-k-\ sk-{I-´-dnam¿, k-am-Pw {]-h¿-ØI - ¿ F-∂n-hc - p-sS Iq- ´ m- b k- l - I - c - W - t Øm- s S Hm¨sse≥ ¢m- p-Iƒ ^-e-h-Øm-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p F-∂v \-ap-°p A-`n-am-\n-°mw. {]-Xn-k‘ - n-Is - f I-≠v ]-Xd - n-t∏m-Im-sX k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ k-am-Pw H-‰-s°-´m-bn A-Xn-s\ t\-cn-Sm≥ X-øm-dm-bn F-∂-Xv \-Ωp-sS {I-ao-Ir-Xa - m-b irw-Je - m hn-\ymk- Ø n- \ p a- I p- t Sm- Z m- l - c - W - a m- W v . 2021˛¬ hn.-_n.-Fk - v. \-SØ - m≥ k-am-Pw B-tem-Nn-°p-∂-Xv t\-cn-´v Hm¨-sse≥ ¢m- p-If - n-eq-sS-bm-Wv. \-Ωp-sS Ip-™pß-fn¬ H-cmƒ-t]m-epw {In-kvX - p-hn¬ \n∂v A-I-∂p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ k-am-Pw B-{Kln-°p-∂n-√. Ip-™p-ß-fp-sS am-\-kn-I kw-L¿-j-Øn¬ \n-∂pw A-h-sc hn-Sphn-°p-hm≥ th-≠n k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ A`-y-k-\-Øn-eq-sS am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fpw A≤ym-]-I-cpw ssh-Zn-I-cpw ssI-tIm¿-°p∂p F-∂-Xv \-ap-°p A-`n-am-\n-°m-hp-∂Xm-Wv.

110

tImhnUv {]Xn-k-‘n-bnse Nne sh≈n-tc-J-Iƒ a. A≤ym-]I - ¿ UnPn-‰¬ πm‰vt^m-ap-Iƒ kzm-bØ - am°n B-[p-\n-I km-t¶-Xn-I hn-Z-y-bp-sS k-lm-b-tØmsS-bm-Wv tIm-hn-Uv Im-e-Øv Hm¨-sse≥ ¢m- p-Iƒ \-S-∂-Xv. k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ A-≤-ym-]-I¿ B-[p-\n-I Un-Pn-‰¬ km-t¶-Xn-Ih - n-Zy-bn¬ {]m-ho-Wy- c - m-bn F-∂Xv tIm-hn-Uv Im-e-sØ F-Sp-Øp-]-d-b-Ø-° t\-´-ambn Im-Wmw. b. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS Xm¬]-cyw Hm¨-sse≥ πm-‰v-t^m-ap-I-fn-eq-sS X-ß-fp-sS a°ƒ ¢m- p-I-fn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°p-tºmƒ am-Xm-]n-Xm-°fpw A-Xn¬ `m-K-`m-°m-Ip-∂p. a-°-tfm-sSm-∏w am-Xm]n-Xm-°-fpw k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ A-`-y-k-\-Øn-s‚ `m-Kam-Ip-∂p. th-Z] - p-kvX - I - `m-Kß - ƒ I-≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂X - n\pw hm-I-y-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ k-lm-bn-°p-∂p, Ip-ń-I-fn¬ Xm¬-]-cyw P-\n-∏n-°p∂p. c. hoSpw ]cn-k-chpw tamSn-]n-Sn-∏n®p tIm-hn-Uv Im-e-Øp \-S-∂ G-‰-hpw B-I¿-j-I-amb h-kv-Xp-X ho-Spw ]-cn-k-c-hpw tam-Sn-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-hm≥ {i-≤n-®p F-∂-Xm-Wv. sN-Sn-Iƒ sh-®p ]n-Sn-∏n-°p-hm\pw ho-Spw ]-cn-k-c-hpw hr-Øn-bm-bn kq-£n-°p-hm\pw Ip-ń-Iƒ ]-cn-io-en-®p. ]-®-°-dn-ssX-Iƒ sh-®p]n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw hn-f-sh-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\pw Ip-ń-Iƒ io-en-®p. am-Xm-]n-Xm-°s - f k-lm-bn-°p-hm≥ Ip-ń-Iƒ k-a-bw I-s≠-Øn. d. B[p-\nI tkm^v‰v kvIn¬kn¬ {]mho-Wyw t\Sn tIm-hn-Up Im-e-Øp B-[p-\n-I tIm-gv-kp-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-hm≥ Ip-ń-Iƒ A-h-k-cw I-s≠-Øn. \q-X-\ ss\-]p-Wn-Iƒ Po-hn-X hn-Pb - Ø - n-\pw ]p-Xn-b tPm-en km-[-y-X-Iƒ-°pw A-\n-hm-c-y-am-bn. ]-c-º-cm-K-X ]T\-tØm-sSm-∏w tkm-^‰ v- k v- I v- n¬ tIm-gk v- p-Iƒ ]Tn-°phm-\pw A-Xn¬ {]m-ho-Wyw t\-Sp-hm-\pw Ip-ń-If - pw amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpw ]-cn-{i-an-®p. tIm-hn-Uv tem-Is - Ø ap-gp-h≥ {]-Xn-k‘ - n-bn-em°n. F-∂m¬ C-Xn-s\ A-Xn-Po-hn-°p-hm≥ \-Ωƒ-°p I-gn-bp-∂p. {]-]-©-sØ kr-„n-® ssZ-h-Øn-\v A-Xns\ \n-b-{¥n-°p-hm-\pw I-gn-bp-sa-∂v h-N-\w \-sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""-Im-‰pw I-Se - pw Iq-sS A-hs - \ A-\p-kcn-°p-∂p'' (a-Øm-bn 8:27) F-∂v in-jy- ∑ - m¿ ]-d™ X - v k-Ie - Ø - n-¶e - pw A-h∂ - p-≈ A-[n-Im-cs - Ø-bm-Wv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

tZiob hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-\-bw 2020 National Education Policy - 2020

s{]m^. sI. tP°_v amX-yp InW-‰p-Ic hn√, \ncWw (]q¿Δ hnZym¿∞n)

1964¬ {]kn-≤o-Ic- n® tImØmcn IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´ns‚ BZ-y` - m-KØv "C-¥y- b - psS `mK-t[bw \n¿Æ- b n- ° p- ∂ Xv ¢mkv a p- d n- I - f n- e m- W v ' F∂v kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. AXn\v ap≥]pw ]n≥]pw h∂ IΩo-j\ - p-Ifpw dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw C¥-yb - nse hnZ-ym`-ym-k-Øn\v Znim-t_m[w \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ Gsd klm- b - ® n- ´ p- s ≠- ∂ p- ≈ Xv FSpØp ]d- t b≠ hkvXp-X-bmWv. C¥-y≥ hnZ-ym-`y- m-kc - w-KsØ ]pXnb \b-ßsf-∏‰n {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ tZiob hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-\-bw˛2020 ¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ hkvXp-X-Isf Imc-yam{X {]k-‡-ambn \ap°v a\- n-em-°m≥ {ian°mw. C¥-y≥ hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Øns‚ am\n-s^-tÃmbmWv tZiob hnZ-ym-`-ymk \bw. Hcp \n›nX Ime-L-´-Øn¬ cmPyw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ {]Xnk-‘n-Iƒ°pw {]iv\-ßƒ°pw DNn-X-amb hnZym`-ym-kØ - n-eqsS ]cn-lmcw ImWp-∂X - n-\p≈ am¿§tc-J-bm-bn-´mWv GsXmcp ]pXnb \b-tØbpw \mw D‰p-t\m-°p-∂-Xv. kzm-X-{¥-ym-\-¥c C¥y t\cn-Sp∂ \nc-£-cX, sXmgn-en-√m-bva, ]´nWn F∂n-hbv°v imi-zX ]cn-lmcw ImWm≥ hnhn[ hnZym-`-ymk IΩo-j-\p-Iƒ ]e Ime-ß-fn-embn sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

]cn-{i-an-®n-´p-≠v. 2020 ¬ ]pd-Øp-h∂ tZiob hnZym-`-ym-k-\bw Cu t{iWnbnse G‰hpw HSp-hn-esØ tcJ-bmWv. tUm. IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ sNb¿am\mb ]Xn- s \m- ∂ wK ka- X n- b mWv ta¬∏-d™ hnZ-ym-`ym-k-\-bw Xømdm°n tI{μ- hnZym- ` ymk a{¥m- e - b Øn\v ka¿∏n- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X v . Cu dnt∏m¿ń\v \mev `mK- ß ƒ D≠v . BsI 23 A≤ym-b-ß-fpw. \mev `mKß- f n¬ H∂pw c≠pw bYm- { Iaw kv I qƒ hnZ- y m- ` - y m- k - s Ø- ° p- d n®pw D∂X hnZym-`-ym-k-sØ-°p-dn-®p-am-Wv. aq∂mw `mKw ASn-ÿm-\-ta-J-e-I-fmb hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Ønse kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Z-y, sXmgn¬ hnZ-ym-`-ymkw F∂n-h-sb-∏‰nbpw \memw `mKw hnZ-ym-`-ymk ]cnjv°-c-WsØ Ipdn-®p-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zn°p-∂-Xv. kvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`-y-ksØ°pdn®v hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv F´v A≤-ym-b-ß-fn-emWv. inip-]-cn-N-c-Whpw hnZym-`-ym-k-hpamWv BZy A≤-ym-b-Øn¬ hne-bn-cpØp-∂-Xv. akvXnjvI hnIm-k-Øns‚ 85% hpw \S-°p-∂Xv Bdv hb- p-h-scbp≈ {]mb-Øn-emWv F∂ Is≠-Øens‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ aq∂p hb p apX¬ F´v hb- p- h - s c- b p≈ IpńIsf Dƒs∏-SpØn ût≠-j≥ tÃPv

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

F∂ ]pXn-sbmcp kvIqƒ L´-Øn\v cq]w \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \ne-hnse A¶-W-hm-Snbn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ 3 h¿jhpw H∂v, c≠v ¢m p-Ifpw IqSn tN¿∂p≈ 5 h¿jw û-t≠j-≥ L´-am-Wv. ASn-ÿm\ `mjmtijn-Ifpw KWn-X-ti-jn-Ifpw C°mew sIm≠v Dd-∏p-hcp-ØW - w. {Xn`mjm ]≤Xn Cu Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ Xs∂ \S-∏n-em-°m-sa∂ kqN-\-bp-ap-≠v. Cu L´-Ønse ]T\w Ifn-co-Xn-bn-em-bn-cn-°Ww. kq£va t]in-If - psS hnIm-kw, sshImcnI hnIm-kw, Bi-b-hn-\n-abw, kaq-l-ambn Pohn-°m-\p≈ ]cn-io-e\w XpS-ßn-bh CXneqsS Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-b-Ww. kwKo-Xw, Nn{X- s a- g p- Ø v , A`n- \ bw XpS- ß nb Ie- I sf√mw ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. kvIqƒIpń-Isf ]q¿Æ-ambpw k÷-am-°p∂Xv ût≠-j≥ L´-Øn-em-Wv. ût≠-j≥ L´-Øn-se Ipń-I-fpsS hf¿®sb {]Xn-Iq-ea - mbn _m[n-°p∂ LS-Iß-fn¬ H∂v t]mj-Im-lm-c-°p-d-hm-Wv. {]`mX-`£ - W - hpw D®-`£ - W - hpw Dd-∏p-hc - p-Øp∂ ]≤Xn \S-∏n-em-°m-\p≈ \n¿t±-i-hp-ap-≠v. hnZ-ym¿∞n-I-fpsS ]T-\sØ ]co-£-I-fpsS kΩ¿±w _m[n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ tI{μo-IrX ]co-£-Iƒ Ign-hXpw Hgn-hm-°-W-sa∂pw \nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ hym-]-I-am-°-W-sa∂p≈ A`n-{]m-b-hp-ap-≠v. C∂sØ kvIqƒ LS-\-bn¬ \n¿Æm-bI-amb ]p\-{I-ao-Ic - W - a - mWv hnZ-ym-`ym-kt- cJ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂-Xv. 5+3+3+4 F∂ coXn \S-∏m°m≥ kwÿm-\-ß-tfmSv Bh-i-y-s∏-Sp-∂p-ap≠v. A¶W-hm-Sn-bnse aq∂v h¿jw, H∂v c≠v ¢mkp-Iƒ tN¿∂ A©p h¿jw, \ne-hnse 3 apX¬ 5 hsc ¢mkp-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ {]n∏td-‰dn tÃPv, 6 apX¬ 8 hsc ¢mkp-Iƒ Dƒs∏--Sp∂ anUn¬kvIqƒ, 9 apX¬ 12 hsc ¢m p-Iƒ AS-ßp∂ sk°≥Udn tÃPv F∂nh tNcp-∂-XmWv kvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`-ymk L´w. kvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Øn¬ `mjm-]-T-\Øn\v hf-sc-tbsd {]m[m-\yw \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂p. C¥-y-bpsS _lp-`m-jm-X-zsØ am\n°p∂ \b-tc-J-bmb {Xn`mjm ]≤Xn ût≠-j≥ Xew apX¬ \S-∏n-em-°-W-sa∂p kqN-\b - p-ap-≠v. ût≠-j≥ L´-Ønse ]T\-am-[-yaw amXr-`mj Bbn-cn-°-W-sa∂v \njv ° ¿jn- ° p- t ºmƒ Xs∂ F´mw ¢mkv

112

apX¬ amXr-`m-jbpw Cw•ojpw tN¿∂ Zzn`mjmco-Xn-bn¬ imkv{X-hn-j-b-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°W-sa∂pw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]co£m \S-Øn∏v

]co£-I-fpsS B[n-]-Xyw aqew hnZ-ym`ymk k{º-Zm-b-Øn-\p-≠m-Ip∂ Zu¿_-e-ysØ-°p-dn®v C¥-y-bnse F√m hnZ-ym-`-ymk IΩn-j-\p-Ifpw Bi¶ {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. a\:]mTw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂Xpw A\m-tcm-K-y-Ic-amb a’cw hf¿Øp-∂-Xp-amb ]co-£-Iƒ Ign- h Xpw Hgn- h m- ° - W - s a∂pw \b- t cJ DXvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. Db¿∂ Nn¥bpw {]tbmKhpw Bh-iy- s - ∏-Sp∂ tNmZ-yß - f - mWv ]co-£I-fn¬ tNmZn-t°-≠-sX∂pw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂p. D∂X hnZ-ym-`-ymkw

hnZ-ym-`ym-kt- cJ-bpsS c≠mw `mK-ØmWv D∂X hnZym-`-ym-ksØ°pdn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂-Xv. Cu taJ-e-bpsS \ne-hn-ep≈ ]cn-an-XnIƒ FSpØp Im´p- ∂ - X n- t \m- s Sm∏w C∂v XpS¿∂p-hc - p∂ A^n-en-tb-‰Uv tImfPv kwhn[m\w KpW-I-c-a-s√∂ \ne-]m-SmWv kzo-I-cn®n-´p-≈-Xv. aq∂v Xcw D∂-Xh - n-Zy- m-`y- mk ÿm]-\ß - fmWv tcJ-bn¬ hn`m-h\w sNøp-∂X - v. AXn¬ H∂m-a-tØXv dntk¿®v bqWn-th-g-kn-‰n-I-fmWv. Db¿∂ \ne-hmcw ]pe¿Øp-∂Xpw cmP-y]p-tcm-K-Xn°v klm-b-I-c-hp-amb Kth-jW {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - mWv Cu ÿm]-\ß - ƒ Gs‰-Spt°-≠-Xv. anI® hy-h-kmb ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS kl-I-c-Whpw Cu taJ-e-bn¬ {]Xo-£n-°p∂p. c≠m-asØ hn`mKw ÿm]-\-ßƒ Kthj-Wt- Øm-sSm∏w A≤-ym-]\ - hpw IqSn \S-Øp∂-h-bm-bn-cn-°pw. aq∂m-asØ hn`mKw _ncp-Zhn-Z-ym¿∞n-Isf ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂-h-bm-bn-cn°pw. Hcp taJ-e-bn¬ am{Xw {]h¿Øn-°p∂ D∂X hnZ-ym-`-ymk ÿm]-\-ßsf t{]m’mln- ∏ n- t °- ≠ - X n√ F∂mWv tZiob hnZ- y m`ymk \b-Øn¬ hn`m-h\ sNøp-∂X - v. A≤-ym]I hnZ-ym-`-ym-kw, kmt¶Xn hnZ-ym-`-ym-kw, \nb-a] - T - \w, saUn-°¬ hnZ-ym-`y- mkw F∂n-hsb√mw \ne- h n¬ H‰- s ∏´ tImtf- P p- I fpw k¿Δ-Ie - m-im-eI - f - p-am-Wv. F∂m¬ _lp-hn-jb-I-c-amb A¥-co-£-Øn-emWv D∂-X-hn-Zym`ymkw \S- t °- ≠ - s X∂ XXzw ]n¥p- S ¿∂v sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

F√m D∂- X - h n- Z - y m- ` - y mk ÿm]- \ - ß fpw aƒ´n Unkn-sπ-\dn Bbn-cn-°W - s - a∂v ASnh-c-bn´v ka¿∞n-°p-∂p. C„m-\p-k-cWw hy-X-y-kvX-hn-j-b-ßf sXc-s™-SpØv ]Tn°p∂ k{º-Zm-b-tØbpw tcJbn¬ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p. \f-μ, X£-ine F∂n-hbpsS amXr-I-bn-ep≈ D∂-X-hn-Z-ym-`-ymk ÿm]\ßƒ cmP- y Øv Bcw- ` n- ° - W - s a∂pw, hntZ- i - h n- Z - y m¿∞n- I sf CXn- t e°v BI¿jn-°m≥ Ign-b-W-sa-∂p≈ \n¿t±ihpw D≠v. A≤-ym-]I hnZ-ym-`-ymkw

kvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Øns‚ ]Wn-∏p-cbmWv A≤-ym-]I hnZ-ym`ym-kw. hnZ-ym-`y- mk {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Adnhpw k∂-≤-Xbpw ss\]p-Wyhpw Cu ka-bØv Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ {]tX-yIw {i≤n°-Ww. A≤-ym-]I hnZym-`-ymk tImgvkpIƒ GIo-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n-\p≈ i‡-amb \n¿t±-ia - mWv tcJ-bn¬ hy-‡a - m-°p-∂X - v. AX\p- k - c n®v F√m A≤- y m- ] I hnZ- y m- ` - y mk tImgvkp-Ifpw \mev h¿jw ssZ¿L-y-ap≈ _ncpZ tImgvkp-I-fmbn amdpw. CØ-c-Ønep≈ tImgvkp-Iƒ B¿´vkv & kb≥kv tImtf-Pp-I-fp-ambn _‘n®v am{Xta \SØmhq F∂ \n¿t±-i-hp-ap≠v. hnZ-ym-`-ymkw `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ _m[-yX-bm-sW∂v Dd-∏n®v ]d-bp-tºmgpw tkh-\X¬]-c-cmb kz-Im-cy kwcw-`-Isc hnZ-ym`ymk cwK-tØ-bv°v £Wn-°p∂ kao-]-\amWv \b-tc-J-bn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. GDP bpsS 6% F¶nepw hnZ-ym-`y- m-kØ - n-\mbn sNe-hg - n°-Ws - a∂v \b-tc-Jb - n¬ ASn-hc - b - n´v ]d-bp∂p. F∂m¬ 3% Øn\v apI- f n¬ GDP hn\ntbm-Kn® kml-N-cyw CXp-hsc C¥-ybn¬ D≠m-bn-´p-an-√. hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-cw-KØv ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ \nev°p∂ cmP-yß - f - n¬ GDP bpsS 8% Øn\v apI-fn¬ hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Øn\mbn sNe-hn-Sp-∂p-≠v. AXn¬ Xs∂ IqSpX¬ XpI kv I qƒ hnZ- y m- ` - y m- k - Ø n- \ mWv hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. cmP-y-Øns‚ ]ptcm-KXn°pw hnI-k\ - Ø - n\pw G‰hpw Bh-iy- a - mbn-´p≈ kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkw i‡n-s∏-SpØp- ∂ - X n¬ k¿°m- c n\v _m[- y - X - b ps≠∂pw AXn\v k¿°m¿ k∂-≤a - m-tI-≠Xns‚ {]m[m-\-yhpw dnt∏m¿´n¬ Nq≠n-°msbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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Wn-°p-∂p. C¥-y≥ tZiob hnZ-ym-`-ymk \bsØ-∏‰n Npcp-°n-bmWv apI-fn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn®n-´p-≈X - v. D∂-Xh - n-Zy- m-`y- mk cwKsØ sh√phn-fn-Ifpw km≤-y-X-I-sfbpw ]‰n Adn-bphm\pw AXn-\mbn Hcp teJ\w Fgp-Xm\pw t{]cn-∏n® kph-\o¿ IΩ-‰nsb A`n-\-μn-°p∂p. 150- ˛ mw hm¿jnIw BtLm- j n- ° p∂ Cu thf-bn¬ sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqfnse A≤-ym-]-I-tcbpw slUvam-Ã¿ a´bv°¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ {io. tPm¿÷v h¿§okn- t \bpw Biw- k - I ƒ Adn- b n- ° p- ∂ p. ChnsS A≤-ym-]I - c - m-bn-cp∂ Fs‚ amXm-]nXm-°sf kvacn-°p-∂p. Nne Hm¿Ω-Iƒ Iqńt®¿°-s´. GXm≠v 60 h¿j- ß ƒ°v ap≥]v \ncWw sbcp- i tew tZhm- e - b - Ø ns‚ k¨tU- k v I q- f n¬ ]Tn- ° p- h m≥ km[n- ® Xn¬ F\n°v A`n-am\w D≠v. \ΩpsS ]q¿Δ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ]d-™p-X∂ {]mY-anI ]mTßƒ Pohn-Xh - n-Pb - Ø - n\v Gsd {]tbm-P\ - I - c-ambn `hn®p F∂ kX-yhpw FSpØp ]dbp-hm≥ Rm≥ Cu Ah-kcw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p. k¨tU-kvIqƒkamPw anj\dn Bbncp∂ InW-‰p-I-c-bn¬ sI.-kn. tXmakv k¿ A≤ym-]-I-cm-bn-cp∂ \m\m-{X-]p-Ø≥]p-cbnse Ipń-km¿, Gen-°pń km¿, sh¨]-dºnse tPm¿÷vIpń km¿, ]mgq-cnse DΩ®m-b≥, adn-b-°pń km¿, Ifo-°se sIm®pÆpÆn km¿, InW-‰p-Ic Ipdn-®n-bØv Ipcphnf km¿, Nme-°m-ńse A®≥, tXmam-®mb≥, πm∏p-tgsØ tPm¿÷v Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ A®≥, amWn-∏-d-ºnse t__n-km¿ XpSßnb alXv h y- ‡ n- X - z - ß - f psS ap≥]n¬ inckv hW-ßp-Ibpw ]pXnb Xe-ap-dI - f - psS D∂- a - \ - Ø n- \ mbn Ah¿ sNbvX \√ {]h¿Øn-Isf kvacn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. (te-J-I≥ InW-‰p-Ic hn√-bn¬ sI.Fw. tP°-_n-s‚bpw tacn tP°-_n-s‚bpw aI-\m-Wv. tIcf bqWn-th-gvkn‰n kn≥Unt°‰v AwK-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ Xncp-h-\-¥]pcw apt°m-e-bv°¬ am¿tØmΩm FU-yqt°-j-W¬ skmssk-‰n-bpsS FIvkn-I-yqóhv saº-dmbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.)

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THE KINGDOM OF GOD A CHILD’S PLAY?

Rev. Tony Eapen Varkey Former Asst. Secretary, Mar Thoma Sunday School Samajam

At that time the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Who, then, is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?”He called a little child to him, and placed the child among them. And he said: “Truly I tell you, unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. Therefore, whoever takes the lowly position of this child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven. -St. Matthew 18: 1-4(NIV) Recently social media saw a heart-warming clip of a little girl giving high five to her priest who was about to bless

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her. The whole environment was filled with joy and everyone were calmed and relaxed after seeing the beautiful gesture of the innocent little girl. Why did Jesus school his disciples about the Kingdom of God in relation to one of the most ignored community of that time? For that we will have to understand the text and its context. The Biblical world of Children: The familiar New Testament picture of Jesus taking a child in his arms and receiving the child with love portrays an attitude of care and concern for children found nowhere else in the ancient world. Children, along with women, old, and slaves, were viewed as physically weak burdens on society who had little value to the wider life of the community. In Greece and Rome, it was an accepted practice to abandon unwanted children along the roadsides to die. Thus, our passage given reflects the care and compassion of the divine towards the ignored community of the little ones. The Matthean Narrative: St. Matthew,different from the usual traditionalist approach, opens a healing eye toward this ignored community at specific points in the narrative. Matthew’s ‘kingdom’ focused writing spectacularly includes children. Children as mentioned earlier were ignored and sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

considered a burden in the early testament period. Jesus has a hidden message to the disciples, his apostles, the teachers of Christianity, when he brought the child in the midst to explain the allegory of the Kingdom of God. What is a Child’s play? The phrase ‘child’s play’ has two connotations, the first, which signifies a simple task, an easy job, something which even a child can do. The second being however relates to an aspect of not being serious, taking everything lightly, no discipline, etc. So, what did Jesus actually refer to, when he allegorically pointed children as the members of the kingdom of God? It is neither of the two interpretation but it points to a whole new world of nuanced understanding. A Child’s play consists of various aspects such as, oneness, justice, curiosity, humility, etc. the list can go on, but we will read child’s play from this nuanced perspective. The Kingdom of God was a main focus of the gospels, Jesus through his mission and ministry was teaching the importance of a Kingdom which did not have barriers, a kingdom where everyone had a dignity of life, a kingdom where love transcended beyond class, caste, religion, race and creed, a kingdom where healing and growing together was implied. Thus, Jesus pointed to the little children, the child’s play was the attribute or the key to open the doors to the Kingdom of God. Kingdom of God through the perspective of the ‘Curiosity’ of a Child’s Play: “Psychologists view curiosity as a life force, vital to happiness, intellectual growth, and well-being. The greatest advantage of curiosity lies in its power to motivate learning in areas

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of life and work that are meaningful to the learner” Marilyn Price-Mitchell. A child is always curious, curious to know more. The knowledge and the information that we acquire these days are truly enormous.Anton Bucher called for ‘sensitivity toward children’s theological capabilities’ and valued children as theologians and thus as independent and active constructors of theological artefacts. We have various means and mediums to acquire knowledge. But we live in an age of numbness and indifference. Though we are recipients to all sorts of history, information, knowledge, etc., we tend to not understand. We are either satisfied with what we know or we are corpulent with indifference. Children have a tendency of acquiring or seeking for new things. Kingdom of God according to the famous author N.T. Wright is viewing the world from God’s dimension. Children have the specification of such a viewing. Human experience is enriched only when there is a constant surge to find understanding, constant need to finding meaning. Jesus was curious when he was a teenager, thus he sat in dialogue with experts beyond his age, conversing with them contextual topics (Luke 2: 46-48). This is clearly narrated in the Gospel, when his parents understand that he is missing. As Albert Einstein would say, “The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existence. One cannot help but be in awe when he/she contemplates the mysteries of eternity, of life, of the marvelous structure of reality. It is enough if one tries merely to comprehend a little of this mystery each day.” Thus, the gospel points to an everyday comprehension communicated by Jesus himself. Kingdom of God through the perspective of the ‘Innocence’ of a Child’s play: When we honestly ask ourselves which person in our lives mean the most to us, we often find that it is those who, instead of giving advice, solutions, or cures, have chosen rather to share our pain and touch our wounds with a warm and tender hand. – Henry Nouwen Henry Nouwen’s statement can be literally related to any child. Innocence is always related to ignorance when literally sought after. But when we try to unravel various perspectives of an innocent being, the spectrums are more than we can

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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comprehend. In such a light, I would like to point the emphatic shading of innocence. This emphatic behaviour is deep rooted in the faith formation moulded through home and church. Each child before crossing the confusions of adolescence are completely emphatic to everybody around devoid of barriers based on caste, colour, race, creed, etc., When Jesus places the little child in the midst of his audience this is exactly where Jesus is pointing to after the ‘curiosity’ spectrum. Jesus indwelled in the empathy that he learned from his own kin, Joseph and Mary. I believe that the human side of Jesus was transformed by the formation he received from home and society. Teachers and parents have to travel back to dig out the emphatic and kenotic nature of humanity that lies deep in themselves covered with the filth of ego, hatred, jealousy, so on and so forth. An emphatic community is the need for the coming humanity. 8-year-old Shivampet Ruchitha became the youngest person to receive the national bravery award in the year 2016. On July 24, 2014, Ruchita saved two of her school mates when a train hit their school bus. She noticed that their bus had stopped on a railway track and a train was coming towards them. The slave girl seen in the Naaman-Elisha healing narrative in 2 Kings is the best example of empathy in children even in the midst of tribulation.Such life narrations of emphatic children must ignite empathy in us, the so-called ‘grown-ups’. Kingdom of God through the perspective of the ‘Humility and Love’ of a Child’s play: The community of the ‘Children of God’, having divine subjectivity, participates in the all-inclusive love of

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God. The knowledge about the inclusive love of God is the key instrument towards envisioning the Kingdom of God. – Rev. Dr. Mothy Varkey. When Jesus points to the little child he clearly points to the humility and love of the child. That is why Jesus explains to his disciples in Mark 10:4345, “Whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first must be slave of all. For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.” The utter humility of a child is ground breaking which is definitely the by-product of Love. The little boy seen in John 6 is the best example of love and humility. He raises his 5 loaves and 2 fishes to the disciples, because he saw the dire need of the situation. The love in him projected towards Jesus’ blessing of the five thousand multitude. The child is un-named, which clearly paints the idea of not wanting the limelight or selfprojections. The Kingdom of God does not have anyone great or small, everyone is equally loved by God. This is the exact reason as to why Jesus is pointing to the child. We are always in a hurry to teach the children values and morality, but this time can we learn something from them? The four verses we mediated highlight to the curiosity, innocence, love and humility which Jesus reveals to his listeners. It is high time we become more serious of the situation of our children, as we learn from the character of a child’s play, this is to build a better kingdom which Christ envisions. Let us pray for this world, its children and for all those people who are struggling amidst challenges due to the pandemic, are we knowingly or otherwise blocking our minds. Let us incarnate in a new understanding which we can adapt and adopt to from the little child Jesus places in the midst of our lives.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Adn-bm≥

cmP-Ip-am-c\pw Xh-fbpw

dh. sdPn sFk-°v tNcn-°¬ (CS-h-Imw-Kw) (hn-Im-cn, F_-t\-k¿ am¿tØmΩm ]≈n, hf-™-h´w)

hfsc ]≠v, ]≠v Hcn-°¬ Hcn-SØv Hcp cmP-Ip-am-c≥ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.... IY-Iƒ ]d™v Bibw hy-‡-am-°n-bn-cp∂ k¨tUkvIqƒ A≤-ym-]-I¿ \ap°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IY ]d™v ssZhcm-Pyw ]¶v h® henb A≤-ym-]-I-\m-Wt√m tbip. ""-D-]-a-Iƒ IqSmsX H∂pw Ah≥ ]Tn-∏n-®n-√'' F∂v hN\w kqNn-∏n-°p∂p. Hcp hy-‡n-bpsS kwkvIm-chpw Ah-\n-eqsS kaq-lhpw \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬ hmbvsam-gn-bmbn ]I-c-s∏-´p-h∂ IYIƒ°v Hcp ÿm\w D≠v. ssZh-cm-P-y-aq-e-y-ßƒ Xe-ap-d°v ]Ic-s∏-Sp-∂X - n¬ apJy--ÿm\w k¨tU-kvIq-fn-\p-≠t- √m. \ncWw sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ AXns‚ ]cn-k-csØ ssZh-hN\ ]T\Ømep-≈ Bﬂob in£Ww \evIn kº-∂-am-°p∂-Xn¬ Ign™ 150 h¿j-ßƒ henb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬In. Fs‚ hf¿®-bpsS BZ-y-]mZ-ß-fn-¬ Cu k¨tU-kvIq-fn¬ \n∂v e`n® \∑-bpsS kzm-[o-\ß - ƒ Hcp hy‡n F∂ \ne-bn¬ C∂pw {]Xn-[-z-\n-°p-∂p≠v. Hcp kmaq-ly hy‡n F∂ XeØn¬ \ap°v hf-cm≥ e`n® CS-am-Wt√m k¨tUkvIqƒ. Cu k¨tU-kvIqfpw CXn\v t\Xr-Xzw \¬In-b-hcpw sbcpitew CS-h-Ibpw Fs‚ hf¿®-bn¬ hnhn[ coXn-bn¬ kzm-[o-

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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\n-®n-´p-≠v. Fs‚ hy‡nXzw cq]-s∏-SpØm≥, F\n°v hf-cm≥ e-`n® CS-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ Fs∂ HØncn klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. Hcp hy‡n-bpsS hy‡nXz hnI-k\w km≤-y-amIp- ∂ Xv Ahs\ hf¿Øp∂ CS- ß ƒ Ahs‚ \ne-]m-Sp-Isf Fßs\ cq]-s∏Sp-Øp∂p F∂ A-Sn-ÿm\Ønem-Wv. Cu hnj-b-ßƒ Xmsg hni-Zo-I-cn-°phm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. 1. hy-‡nXz hnIk\w F∂m¬ F¥v? P\n-X-I-]-c-amb KpW-ß-fp-sSbpw khn-ti-ja - mb kz-`m-hß - f - p-sSbpw s]cpam‰ at\m- ` m- h - ß - f p- s Sbpw sshIm- c nIhpw _u≤n-Ih - p-amb LS-Iß - f - p-sSbpw kwL-Sn-X-amb hf¿®-bmWv hy-‡n-Xz hnI-k-\w. hy-‡n-Xz hnI-k-\-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ Dt±-ie - £ - yw Hcp hy-‡n-bpsS Bﬂhn-iz- mkw h¿≤n-∏n®pw kmaq-lnI Ign-hpIƒ sa®-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw km≤-yX - I - sf {Inbm- ﬂ - I - a mbn kao- ] n- ° p- ∂ - X n\pw Ahs\ {]m]vX-\m°n Abm-fpsS PohnX-\n-e-hmcw Db¿ØpI F∂-Xm-Wv. \mw kzo-I-cn-°p∂ \ne-]m-Sp-IfmWv \sΩ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS s]cpam-‰-ßƒ \sΩbpw \mw hf¿∂ CS-ßsfbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ""-hn-Nm-c-ß-fmWv hm°p-I-fm-Ip-∂Xv hm°p-I-fmWv {]hrØn-I-fm-Ip-∂Xv {]hrØnIfmWv s]cp-am-‰-ß-fm-Ip-∂Xv s]cp-am-‰-ß-fmWv kz-`m-h-ß-fm-Ip-∂-Xv'' Hcp ssN\okv ]g-sam-gn-bmWv C∏-d™-Xv. \ΩpsS ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ""-sNm-´-bnse ioew NpS-e-h-sc'' F∂Xv ]cn-N-b-ap-≈Xm-W-t√m. 2. hy-‡n-X-z-Øns‚ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ Transactional Analysis s‚ D]-⁄mXmhpw a\:-im-kv{X-⁄-\p-amb tUm. FdnIv t_¨ ]d- b p- ∂ Xv ""- H mtcm Ip™pw P\n-°p-∂Xv cmP-Ip-am-ct\m cmPIp-am-cn-tbm Bbn-´m-Wv. F∂m¬ amXm-]nXm-°ƒ Ah-sc Xh-f-Iƒ B°p-∂p'' F∂m-Wv. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v ssZhn-Im-\p-{K-l-

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Øm¬ e`n-°p∂ [\-y-amb A\p-`-h-amWv AΩbpsS DZ- c - Ø n¬ Dcp- h m- I p∂ {`qW- Ø ns‚ Pohs‚ im¥-amb hf¿®. K¿`-]m-{X-Øn¬ AΩbn¬ \n∂v hf¿®-°m-hi - y- a - mb LS-Iß - ƒ kzo-Icn®v ]Øp-amkw cmP-Ip-am-ct\m, cmP-Ip-am-cntbm Bbn hf-cp-I-bm-Wv. ]pd-Øp-h-∂-Xn\v tijhpw cmP-Ip-am-ct\m cmP-Ip-am-cntbm Bbn XpScmw F∂m¬ ASn-ÿm\ hf¿®m-h-Imiw e`-y-am-ImXn-cn-°p∂ Hcp IpSp-w_m-¥-co-£-Øn¬ Hcp Xhf-bmbn amdn-t∏m-Im≥ CS-bm-Ip-∂p. hf-cp-∂-Xn\v `£-Ww, kwc-£-Ww, tNmZ-\Iƒ F∂nh e`-y-am-I-Ww. Bh-i-ym-\p-k-cWw Ah Inń-bm¬ kwXr-]vX-cmbn hf-cmw. F∂m¬ ASn-ÿm\ Bh-i-y-ßƒ e`-y-am-Im-Xn-cp-∂m¬ \ne- \ n¬]ns\ Ipdn- ® p≈ `bw \sΩ "X- h - f 'bm°pw. Fß-s\-bmWv Hcp Ip™ns‚ cmP-]-Zhn \„-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv? AΩ-bpsS DZ-c-Øn-em-bn-cp∂ hf¿®-°mew kΩ¿±-ß-fn-√msX am\-knI kt¥mj-Øn-em-bn-cp∂ amXm-hns‚ Xr]vXn Ip™ns\ cmP-]-Z-hn-bn¬ P\n-°m\pw XpS-cm\pw klm-bn°p-∂p. F∂m¬ DZ-cØ - n-ep≈ hf¿®-°mew \√X- √ msX Bbn- c p∂ AΩ- b psS {]iv \ - ß fpw _p≤n-ap-´p-Ifpw sshIm-cnI kΩ¿±-ßfpw Ip™ns‚ cmP-]Z- h - nsb {]Xn-Iq-ea - mbn _m[n-°mw. cmP-Ip-am-c\pw cmP-Ip-am-cn-bp-ambn P\n-®-h¿°v B ]Zhn \ne-\n¿Øn sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ amXm-]nXm-°ƒ Ah-kcw Hcp-°-Ww. AXn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ ]mfn-®-Iƒ cmP-Ip-am-c≥ Xh-f-bmbn amdp-∂-Xn\v Imc- W - a m- I pw. AΩ- b psS DZ- c - Ø nse hf¿®Imew \∂m-bn-cp∂ cmP-Ip-am-c\v Ah\n¬ kt¥m-jhpw kwXr-]vXnbpw D≠v. kam-[m-\hpw Bfl-hn-izm-khpw e£-y-t_m-[hpw Ah\p-≠v. At∏mƒ "Fs∂ sIm≈mw' (I am ok) Fs∂mcp at\m-`mhw Ah≥ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øpw. kvt\l kt¥mj ]cn-N-c-W-ßƒ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ aqew Rm≥ F∂n¬ kwXr-]vXnbpw kt¥m-jhpw Is≠Øn AXn-\m¬ "\n-ßƒ sIm≈mw' (You are ok) F∂ ImgvN-∏mSv F∂n¬ D≠m-bn. Fs∂ sIm≈mw \nßƒ sIm≈mw F∂Xv cmP-]-Z-hn-bn¬ XpS-cm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂p. X∑qew Bfl-hn-iz- mkw cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcp hy-‡n-bpsS hy-‡n-Xz hnIm-kØns‚ BsI XpI-bmWv Bfl-hn-i-zm-kw. Fs∂ sIm≈mw F∂ at\m-`m-hw cmP-Ip-amc-s‚Xpw Fs∂ sIm-≈n√ (Am not ok) F∂Xv Xh-f-bp-sSXpw BWv. Cu \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ kz-`mh sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

cq]o-I-c-WsØ kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂p. 1. "Fs∂ sIm≈mw \nß-sfbpw sIm-≈mw' 2. Fs∂ sIm≈n√ \nßsf sIm≈mw' 3. Fs∂ sIm≈mw \nßsf sIm≈n--√' 4. Fs∂ sIm≈n√ \nßsfbpw sIm≈n-√' Cu \ne-]m-Sp-If - n¬ H∂m-at- ØXv HgnsI _m°n aq∂pw hnI-e-amb PohnX ImgvN-∏m-Sn\v hgn-sbm-cp-°p∂p. 3. ASn-ÿm\ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ ta¬∏- d ™ ASn- ÿ m\ \ne]m-Sp-Iƒ Ip´n-bn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ at\m-`mhw A\p-k-cn-®mWv Ahs‚ hy‡n-Xz- hpw kz-`m-hhpw hnI-kn-°p∂Xv. tUm. FdnIv t_Wns‚ a\:-imkv{X ]≤-Xnsb hni-Ie - \w sNbvX tUm. tXmakv lmcnkv Hcp hy-‡nbpsS Pohn-X-\n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ apI-fn¬ ]-d™ 4 FÆ-am-sW∂v kqNn-∏n-°p∂p. Aev]-ambn Ah hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p. a. Fs∂ sIm≈mw, \nß- s fbpw sIm≈mw (I am ok, You are ok) GsXmcp Ip™pw Dev]m-Zn-X-amIp∂ ka-b-ß-fn¬ Cu at\m-`m-hamWv Ah-\n¬ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Cu

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1870 - 2020

Nn¥m-KXn Btcm-K-y-I-c-am-Wv. kzbw AwKo-I-cn°m\pw bmYm¿∞- y - t _m- [ - t ØmsS Ign- h p- I sf kzmw-io-I-cn-°m\pw Bh-i-y-amb am‰-ßƒ kzo-I-cn°m\pw kaq-l-Øn¬ Btcm-K-y-]-c-amb hna¿i-\-at≤y Xpd∂ a\-t msS Pohn-°m\pw Cu \ne-]mSv Hcp hy-‡nsb {]m]vX-\m-°p-∂p. hnP-bn-I-fpsS Imgv N - ∏ m- S mWv Fs∂ sIm≈mw, \nß- s fbpw sIm≈mw F∂-Xv. F\n°v kt¥m- j - a m- W v , F∂n¬ F\n°v hnizm-ka - m-Wv; F\n°v Ign-hp-Iƒ D≠v, Cu temIw \n-ßtfmsSm∏w \√-Xm-Wv. a‰p-≈-h-sc√mw Fs∂t∏mse \√-Xm-Wv. Ch-tcm-sSmØv Pohn-°m≥ F-\n°n-„-amWv F∂o Nn¥-Iƒ Cu at\m-`m-h-°m-cn¬ cq]-s∏-Spw. sshIm-cnI kwL¿j-ßƒ°v Imc-Wa - mIp∂ kml-N-c-y-ßƒ C√m-Xn-cp-∂n-´√ {]X-ypX AØcw kml-Nc - y- t- ØmSv {]Xn-Ic - n-°m≥ Ch¿ kzo-Icn® ""-Fs∂ sIm≈mw, \nß-tfbpw sIm≈mw F∂ \ne-]mSv hnP-b-tØmsS bmYm¿∞-ysØ t\cn-Sm≥ Ch¿°v Bﬂhnizmkw \¬Ip-∂p. b. Fs∂ sIm≈n-√, \nßsf sIm≈mw (I am not ok, You are ok)

kwL¿j-ßfpw {]iv\-ßfpw IpSpw-_m-¥-co£- Ø n¬ D≠m- b - X n- \ m¬, amXm- ] n- X m- ° - f psS kvt\l-°p-dhv aqew Bh-iy- a - mb t{]m’m-l\hpw am\-kn-I-amb ]n¥p-Wbpw e`-y-am-ImsX Ip™pßƒ hf-cpw. Cu kml-N-cyw Ah-cn¬ Bfl-hn-i-zmksØ sI- S p- Ø p- ∂ p. Rm≥ sIm≈n- √ , Fs∂ sIm≈n√ F-∂ \ne-]m-Sn¬ hne Ipd™v Bfl-hni-zmkw C-√msX t]mIp-∂p. Bfl-hn-i-zmkw C√mXm-Ip-∂Xv H-cp hy-‡n-bpsS hy-‡n-Xzw AwKo-Ic - n-°s∏-SmsX hcp-tºm-gm-Wv. CXv am\-knI sshIm-cn-Iamb Nn¥-Isf A\m-tcm-K-y-I-c-ambn _m[n-°pw.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Fs∂ H∂n-\pw sIm≈n√ F∂ \ne-]mSv kzo- I - c n°m≥ CS- b m- ° pw. A\n- b ≥, A\n- b Øn sIm≈mw, \nß- s fms° `mKy-ap-≈-h-cmWv \nßƒ°v Hcp Ipdhpw C√; F\n-°v am{Xw tZmjw F∂ Nn¥ Ft∏mgpw Df- h mbn X- ∑ pew ap≥]- ¥ nbn¬ \n¬°m≥ C„-s∏-SmsX hcn-Ibpw sNøpw. c. Fs∂ sIm≈mw, \nßsf sIm≈n√ (I am ok, You are not ok)

_me-y-Imew _p≤n-ap-´p-Iƒ A\p-`hn®v hf¿∂- h - c mWv F¶n¬ Fs∂ sIm≈n√ F∂v \ne-]mSv kzo-I-cn-®-h¿ AXv AwKo- I - c n- ° msX Xs‚ GsX¶nepw Hcp Ign-hn¬ anIhv ImWn®v a‰p≈-h¿ sIm≈n√ F-∂v ka¿∞n-°m≥ {ian- ° pw. `h- \ m- ¥ - c o£w Ft∏m- g pw kΩ¿±-am-°p∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-Sm∏w hf-cp-∂h¿ kzo-I-cn-°p∂ \ne-]m-Sm-Wv. [mcmfw in£n-°-s∏´v hf-cp∂ Ipń-Ifn¬ at\m-`mhw ImWmw. Fs∂ sIm≈n√ F∂ PohnX \ne]mSv kzo- I - c n--® - h ¿ kz¥w Ign- h p- I ƒ sIm≠v AXv ad- b v ° m≥ {ian- ° bpw Xs‚ IgnhvtISp-Iƒ a‰p-≈h - c - n¬ Btcm]n-°bpw sNøp-∂p. ]c-Zq-j-W-ßƒ°p ]n∂nse kXyw CXm- W v. \- Ω psS D≈nse t]mcm- b v a - I ƒ a‰p- ≈ - h - c n¬ Btcm-]n-°-bm-Wv. Cu at\m-`m-h-ap-≈-h¿ Bfl-tim-[\bv°v kzbw Xøm-d-√. Ipdhpw sX‰pw Aw-Ko-Ic - n-°m≥ C„-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. C°q-ć - n¬ ap≥hn[n IqSp-Xe - mbn ImWmw. Xßƒ sNøp-∂Xv am{X-amWv icn a‰p-≈-h¿ sX‰mWv F∂pw [cn-°p-∂p. kz¥w {]hrØn-I-fpsS ê-ambn t]mcmbva D≠mbm¬ AXn\v a‰p-≈-h-cmWv Imc-W-°m¿ F∂v [cn-°p-∂p. d. Fs∂ sIm≈n- √ , \nßsfbpw sIm≈n√ (I am not ok, You are not ok) a\-im-kv{X-⁄-\mb FdnIv FdnIvk-¨ Hcp Ipń-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ AkvXn-Xzw Dd-∏m-°p-∂Xv AΩ-bp-am-bp≈ Ahs‚ _‘- Ø n- e m- W v . XpS¿∂p≈ PohnX \ne-\n-ev]n\v CXv ASn-ÿm\ hni-zm-ka - m-bn-´mWv At±lw ]d-bp-∂X - v. K¿-

120

`-ÿi - nip kpc-£n-X\ - m-Wv. P\n-®t- ijw hf-cptºmƒ Ahs‚ `bw AI-‰p-∂Xv AΩ-bm-Wv. AΩ-bpsS kwc-£W - w, {In-bm-flI tNmZ-\I - ƒ, ]cn- N - c Ww Ch B- h - i - y - k - a - b Øv aXn- b mb coXn-bn¬ e`-y-a-√m-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ Ipń Cu \ne]mSv kzo-I-cn-°p-∂p. amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-sSm∏w hf-cp∂ BZ-yI - me _mey-Im-eØ - p≈ ka-bß - fnse {]tX-yI kml-N-c-y-ß-fmWv Cu \ne-bnte°v Hcp Ipńsb FØn-°p-∂-Xv. Xs∂ Ipdn®v bmsXmcp aXn∏pw C√, a‰p-≈h-sc-∏‰n bmsXmcp kzo-Im-cy- X - b - p-an-√. Cu Iq´¿ Pohn- X - Ø n\v aqe- y tam e- £ ytam Is≠ØpIbn√. Pohn-X-tØmSv hnc-‡n-bp-≠m-Ipw. Pohn- X - Ø n\v A¿∞w ImWmsX acn- ° Ww F∂ Nn¥-bp-≠m-Ipw. Aß-s\-bp-≈h - ¿ \ncm-ibpsS K-¿Ø-Øn¬ hoWv c£-s]-Sm-\m-hmsX Po-hn-XsØ X≈n-\o-°pw. Cu \mev \ne-]m-Sp-Ifn¬ GsX-¶nepw H∂ns‚ kzm-[o-\-Øn-emWv Hcp hy-‡n-bpsS hy‡n-X-zhpw kz-`m-hhpw {]IS-am-Ip-∂-Xv. 4. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS ]¶v 1. c£-I¿Ør-Xzw {]Ya ]cn-K-W\: hoSpw ho´p-tPm-en-Ifpw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v Hcp Xeth-Z-\-bmWv. F∂m¬ Ipń-bp-ambn IqSp-X¬ kabw Nne-hg- n-°p-∂Xv ap≥K-W\ \¬I-Ww. CXv A¿∞-h-Ømb hy-‡n-X-z-hn-I-k-\-Øn\v hgnsbm-cp-°pw. 2. cmP-Ip-am-c-\m°n hf¿ØpI: AXn\v k-lm-b-I-c-amb t{]m’m-l\w \¬Ip-I, AXneqsS Bfl-hn-iz- mkw IqSm≥ CS-bm-Ipw. Ip-ń-°v {Inbm- fl - I - a mb (tNm- Z - \ ) A`n- \ - μ - \ - ß ƒ \¬IpI. 3. hy- ‡ n- K X KpW- ß fpw i‡nbpw `mh-\m-ti-jnbpw Bk-z-Zn-°phm≥ Ipńsb t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-I. Ifn-Iƒ Ifn-°p-tºmƒ Ah-\n¬ am\-knI, imco-cnI sshIm-cn-I-amb hnI-k\w \S-°p-∂p. Nn¥n-°m≥, Xocp-am-\s - a-Sp°m≥, I≠p-]n-SnØw \S-Øm≥ F√mw CXneqsS km[n-°p-∂p. 4. \nß-fpsS Ipń AXp-ey- \ - m-Wv. Ipń-bpsS hy-‡n-KX Bh-i-y-ß-tfmSv \∂mbn {]Xn-Icn-°p-I. \∂mbn Bi-bh - n-\n-abw sN-øp-I. CXv Ipń-bn¬ \n∂v `bw C√m-Xm-°p-∂p. 5. te_¬ sNøp-∂Xv Hgn-hm-°p-I. AXm-bXv Xmc-X-ayw th≠ F∂¿∞w. \nß-fpsS Ipń-bpsS kz¥w hy-‡n-Xzw {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ Asbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

\p-hZ- n-°p-I. Bsc-sb-¶nepw Nq≠n-°mń Hcp {]-tX-yI coXn-bn¬ s]cp-am-dp-hm≥ \n¿_‘n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I. Ipń-bpsS GsX-¶nepw t]mcm-bva-sb/sX‰n-t\tbm \nc-¥cw FSpØp-]-d™v B-t{Im-in®v Bfl-hn-i-zmkw XI¿°-cp-Xv. bYm-¿-∞ Ign-hp-Iƒ Is≠Øm\pw G‰hpw anI® coXn-bn¬ \√ Ignhv ]pe¿Øm\pw Ahs\ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-I. 6. kvt\ln-°pI, in£n-°p-I-˛-kvt\l-]q¿Δw in£n-°p-I. in£ Hcn-°epw A{Iaw BI-cp-Xv. icnbpw sX‰pw a\- n-em°n-s°m-Sp-°p-I. sX‰v Bh¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°m\p≈ Ffp- ∏ - h gn F¥p- s Im- ≠ mWv B sX‰mb {]hrØn AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ amXm-]nXm-°ƒ°v _p≤n-ap´m-bXv F∂v hni-Zo-I-cn°pI. AXv kvt\l-]q¿Δw Bbn-cn-°-Ww. 7. {i≤n- ° p- I , klm- b n- ° p- I , \√ t{im-Xm-hm-Ip-I. c£-I¿Ør \nb-a-Øns‚ kz¿Æ-tc-J-bm-Wn-Xv. IpńIsf {i≤n-°p-I. ]cm-P-b-ß-fn¬ Ip‰-s∏-SpØn \nßƒ amdn\n¬°-cp-Xv. Ipńsb am‰n-\n¿Øp-Ibpw AcpXv. \nc-¥-c-amb Bi-b-kw-th-Z-\hpw Bflhn-iz- m-khpw kvt\-lhpw ]cn-Nc - W - hpw Ah\n¬ Xs∂ a-Xn∏v kr„n°pw. Cu hni-zmkw Ah- \ n¬ Pohn- ° m\pw hnP- b n- ° m\pw ss[cyw \¬Ipw. Ahsc tIƒ°p- ∂ Xv Ah¿ hne-bp-≈h - c - mWv F∂ t_m[yw Ahcn¬ Df-hm-°pw. 8. AS-bv°p-I, Xpd-°pI am[-y-a-ßƒ°v C∂v Ipń-I-fn¬ henb kzm-[o-\-amWv D≈-Xv. Ipń-bpsS s]cp-am-‰sØ tZmj-ambn kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂Xv hnth-I]q¿Δw [mc-Wt- bmsS AS-bv°pI. \√ KpWßƒ a\- n-em-°m\pw Adnhv ]I-cm\pap≈h Xpd-°pI. t\cmb hn⁄m-\-{]-Z-amb P\¬]mfn Xp-d°m≥ \nß-fpsS t{]m’m-l\-tØm-Sp≈ kmao-]yw A¿∞-h-Øm-°p-I. 9. hni-zm-kw; Ahn-i-zmkw FdnIv Fdn-Ivks‚ hy‡nhnIk\ kn≤m- ¥ w A\p- k - c n®v At±lw ]d- b p- ∂ - X v F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°pw ]cn-N-c-Whpw ]cnt]m-j-Whpw Bh-iy-am-Wv, {]tX-y-In®v a\pj-y¿°p `-£-Ww, ]m¿∏nSw ]cn-t]m-jWw F∂ ASn-ÿm\ Bh-iy- ß - ƒ°v inip-°ƒ amXm-]n-Xm-°sf B{i-bn-°p-∂p. Hcp Ip™n\v Ahs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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A-hs‚ Bh-iy- ß - ƒ \n¿Δ-ln®v \¬Ip-∂p F∂v hni-z-kn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂- hn-[-Øn¬ IcpX¬ e`n-°-Ww. A√m-Ø-]£w Ah-\n¬ Ahn-i-zmkw D≠mIpw. AXv BPoh-\m¥w kwi-b-Øn-\n-S-bm-°pw. Hcp hy-‡n-bpsS Pohn-X-Im-eØp apgp-h≥ hy-‡n-hn-Imkw kw`- h n- ° m- s a∂v At±lw ]d- b p- ∂ p. F∂m¬ ssii- h - L - ´ - Ø n¬ AΩ- b n¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂ ]cn-N-cWw hnizmkw cq]s∏- S p- Ø m≥ Ahs\ k- l m- b n- ° p∂p. B hni- z m- k - Ø n- s ‚ hnI- k - \ - a m- W v ]n∂oSv ImWmØ Imcyw t]mepw hn-iz- k - n-°m≥ CSbm-°p-∂X - v. AXmWv bYm¿∞ ssZ-hh - n-izmk-ambn Dd-bv°p-∂-Xv. Bfl-hn-i-zm-k-amWv `bw C√m-Xm-°p-∂Xpw hy-‡nsb Pohn-Xh - nP-b-Øn\p Icp-Øp-‰-Xm-°p-∂-Xv. Bfl-hnizmkw hf¿Øn Hcp hy-‡n-bn¬ \n∂pw G‰hpw anI-®Xv ]pd-sØ-Sp-°m≥ amXm-]n-Xm°-ƒ \¬tI≠ am¿§-ß-fmWv apI-fn¬ {]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 5. D]-kw-lmcw Hcp a’-cm-[n-jvTnX kmaq-ly ]-›m--Øe-Øn-emWv C∂sØ hy-‡n-Iƒ Pohn-°p∂- X v . Pbn- ° p- ∂ - h s‚ Iq- s S am¿°n´v \nev°p∂ kaqlw A]-c-`mhw kr„n-°p-∂p. Hcp Ipń-bpsS hy-‡n-Xzw hf¿Øn-sb-Spt°-≠Xv Ahs‚ Pohn-X-hn-P-b-Øn-\v Bhi-y-am-Wv. _p≤n-Iq¿Ω-Xbpw Bfl-hn-i-zmkhpw kuμ-c-yhpw D≈ H-cp Ipńsb BcmWv kz]v\w ImWm-Ø-Xv? Hcp Ipńsb Ahs‚ kz-`mhw \n¿-Æ-bn-°m\pw Bfl-hnizmkw hnI- k n- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ - X n\pw klm- b n°p∂ {]{In-b-bmWv hy-‡n-Xz hnI-k-\w. AXn-eqsS B hy‡n PohnX sh√p-hn-fnIsf t\-cn-Sm\pw {]Xn-k-‘n-Isf A`n-ap-JoI-cn-°m\pw th≠ {Inbm-flI at\m-`mhw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw CS-bm-Ipw. Hcp kmaq-ly Pohn F∂ \ne-bn¬ Bfl-hn-iz- m-kt- ØmsS \ne-\n-ev°m\pw hf-cm\pw C-S-bm-Ipw. H‰ cm{Xn-sIm≠v Ccp-ń-sh-fp-°p-tºm-gt- Øt°m Cu hy-‡n-Xz hn-Imkw \S°pw F∂v {]Xo£n-°-cp-Xv. Xo-¿®-bmbpw AXn-\m-h-i-y-amb ka-b-hpw £abpw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ \¬IWw. Aßs\ Ahsc cmP- I p- a m- c - \ m- ° n, cmP-Ip-am-cn-bm°n \n¿Øp-∂X - ns‚ DØ-ch - mZnØw \nd-th-‰p-hm≥ Cu Adn-hp-Iƒ amXm]n-Xm-°sf klm-bn-°pw.

121

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

k¨tU-kvIqƒ A`-y-k-\-Øns‚ {]k‡n a\x-imkv{X ho£-W-Øn¬

Dr. Abraham Eapen (Shiju) Maniparambil Shiju Bhavan (Alumini) (Licenced Clinical Psychologist, University Counseling Centre, Grandvalley State University, Michigan, USA)

hy‡nXz hnI-k-\-Øn\v G‰hpw AX-y-¥m-t]-£n-X-amb ImcyamWv , B hy- ‡ n- b psS kmaq- l nIhpw am\-kn-Ihpw Bﬂo-I-hp-amb hf¿-®. kvam¿´v t^mWp-Ifpw aoUnbbpw ]e-t∏mgpw hy-‡n-Xz hnI-k\-Øn-\p XS- -am-Im-dp-≠v. Aan-Xamb kmt¶- X nIhnZ- y - b psS D]tbmKw G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ _m[n-°p∂Xv sIm-®p-Ip-´n-If - nepw Iuam-c{- ]mb-Øn-ep≈hcn-ep-am-Wv. CØcw Hcp 122

Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym`ym-k-Øns‚ {]k‡n Gdp-∂-Xv. k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`-ymkw kmaq-lnI sshZ-Kv≤yw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p hy-‡n-Xz hnI-k\ - Ø - n\v kmaq-ln-Ia - mb hf¿® G‰hpw AX-ym-h-i-y-am-Wv. k¨tUkvIq-ƒ ]T-\-k-a-bØv A≤-ym-]-I-tcmSpw a‰p ]e-{]m-b-Øn-ep≈ Ipń-I-tfm-Sp-ap≈ CS-s]S¬, Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-ep≈ ss\]p-Wyw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ klmbn-°pw. t\Xr-X-z-]mShw G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hf¿Øm- ≥ Ah- k cw e`n- ° p- ∂ Xpw k¨tUkvIqƒ ]T-\-Im-e-Øm-Wv. k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I¿ \¬Ip∂ t\Xr-Xzw F√m IpńIƒ°pw Hcp \√ amXr-I-bm-Wv. ]tc-X-\mb tPm¿÷p- I pń imap- t h¬ km¿ \¬Inb t\XrXzw ChnsS kv a cn- ° p- ∂ p. IqSm- s X, Ct∏mƒ k¨tU-kvIqƒ Unkv{Sn-Œv Hm¿Kss\-k-dmbn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ jm-Pn kmdns‚ t\Xr- X - z - coXn- I ƒ Rß- f psS k¨- t UkvIqƒ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ \√ amXr-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]T-\-Im-eØv Ipń-IfpsS ap≥]n¬ \n∂v thZ-]p-kvXIw hmbn-°psbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

At\-ym-\yw Icp-Xp-hm\pw ]¶n-Sp-hm\pw D≈ Ah-k-c-ßƒ k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]T-\Im-eØp e`n-°p-∂p. A©-∏hpw c≠p ao\pw sIm≠p 5000 t]sc t]mjn-∏n® kw`hw Ipń-I-fn¬ a‰p-≈-hsc IcpXn ]¶n-Sp-hm-\p≈ A`n-hm© h¿≤n-∏n-°p∂p. Hcp-an®p kvtXm{X-ImgvN CSp-∂Xpw ]m´p-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-∂Xpw thZ-]p-kvXI IYIƒ a\- n- e m- ° p- ∂ Xpw {]m¿∞n- ° p∂Xpw HsØm-cp-at- bmsS {]h¿Øn-°p-hm\p≈ Ign-hp-Iƒ h¿≤n-∏n-°pw. ∂-Xpw ]m´p-Iƒ ]mSp-∂Xpw ]n∂oSv Hcp henb kZ-kn\v ap≥]n¬ Ign-hp-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°phm-\p≈ ss[cyw X∂p. At\-ym-\yw Icp-Xp-hm\pw ]¶n-Sp-hm\pw D≈ Ah-k-c-ßƒ k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]T-\-ImeØp e`n- ° p- ∂ p. A©- ∏ hpw c≠p ao\pw sIm≠p 5000 t]sc t]mjn-∏n® kw`hw IpńI-fn¬ a‰p-≈-hsc IcpXn ]¶n-Sp-hm-\p≈ A`nhm© h¿≤n- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ p. Hcp- a n®p kv t Xm{XImgvN CSp-∂Xpw ]m´p-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-∂Xpw thZ]p-kvXI IY-Iƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂Xpw {]m¿∞n°p-∂Xpw HsØm-cp-a-tbmsS {]h¿Øn-°p-hm\p≈ Ign- h p- I ƒ h¿≤n- ∏ n- ° pw. aqeym- [ njvTnXamb k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`ym-k-ØneqsS Hcp \√ kplr- Ø v h - e bw D≠m- ° phm\pw km[n-°pw. k¨tU- k v I qƒ hnZ- y m- ` - y mkw am\- k nI hf¿®bv°p klm-b-I-amWv am\-knI hf¿®bv°p k¨-tU-kvIqƒ hnZym-`-ymkw Hcp {][m\ ]¶p hln-°p-∂p. k¨tU-kvIq-fn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ ]e ]m´p-Ifpw IY-Ifpw am\-knI hf¿®bv°p DX-Ip-∂-XmWv. ]m´p-Iƒ ]mSp-∂Xpw tIƒ°p-∂Xpw am\knI kΩ¿±w Ipd-bv°p-sa∂p ]-e ]T-\ß - fpw ImWn-°p-∂p-≠v. ]m´p-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-hm≥ Ah-kc-ßƒ Ipd-hm-bn-cp∂ ka-bØp Nn´-bmb Km\]- c n- i o- e - \ - Ø n\p t\Xr- X zw \¬Inb PnPn kmdn-t\mSp \μn ]d-bp-∂p. kZm- N mc aqe- y - ß ƒ hf¿Øn- s b- S p- ° phm≥ k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`ymkw klm-bn°p-∂p. Ipń-If - n¬ \√ aqe-yß - ƒ hf¿Øn-sbsbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

Sp-°p-hm≥ Imem-Im-eß - f - n¬ sbcp-itew am-¿tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIq-fn\p t\XrXzw \¬Inb A≤-ym-]I - c - psS ka¿-∏Ww ASn-h-c-bn´p ]d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. inip- ° sf Fs‚ ASp- ° ¬ hcphm≥ hnSp-hn≥; Ahsc XS-b-cpXv F∂ tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ {]t_m-[\w Ipń-Ifn¬ am\-kn-I-amb Hcp ss[cyw kaq-lØm¬ D≠m-Ip-hm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂p. k¨tU-kvIqfpw Bflob hf¿®bpw Hcp hy-‡n-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ A¿∞- a p- ≠ m- I p- h m≥ Bflob hf¿® hfsc AX-ym-hi - y- a - m-Wv. k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]T-\-k-a-bØp e`n-°p∂ Pohn-X-Z¿i-\ßƒ ]n∂oSp ]T-\-Ønepw tPmen-bnepw IpSpw-_P - o-hn-XØ - nepw {]Xn-ê - n-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ kz-cq-]-Ønepw kmZr-iyØnepw a\p-j-ysc kr„n-®p-sh∂pw ssZh-Øn\v Hmtcm hy-‡n-Isf Ipdn®v Hmtcm Dt±- i yw Ds≠- ∂ p- a p≈ hN- \ - ß ƒ hy‡n-I-fn¬ am¿§hpw e£yhpw Xncn-®-dnbp-hm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂p. Hcp hy- ‡ n- b psS Pohn- X - Ø n¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hy-Xn-bm-\-ßƒ D≠mIp∂ Hcp Ime-L-´-amWv Iuam-cw. imcocn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb am‰-ßƒ Iuamc- { ]m- b - Ø n¬ hfsc hy- X n- b m- \ - ß ƒ D≠m-°p-∂p. Ipń-°m-es - Ø ]e kml-Nc-yß - fpw A\p-`h - ß - fpw Iuam-c{- ]m-bØ - nep≈ hy-‡n-Xz hnI-k-\-Øn\p hfsc \n¿Æm-bI ]¶p hln-°p-∂p. k¨tUkvIq-fn¬ kPo-ha - mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂X - neqsS Ipń-If - nepw Iuam-c{- ]m-b° - m-cnepw kvam¿Svt^m-Wn-s‚bpw tkmj-y¬ aoUnbm-bp-sSbpw AXn-{]-kcw Ipd-bp-hm-\p≈ kml-Nc - yw D≠m-Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬ kmaqln-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ Ipń-I-fn¬ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°phm≥ Ahsc k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`-ymk-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-∏n-t°-≠Xv AX-y¥ - m-t]£n-X-am-Wv. ""_me≥ \S-t°-≠p∂ hgnbn¬ Ahs\ A`-y-kn-∏n-°. Ah≥ hr≤\m-bmepw AXp- hn´pamdp-I-bn-√'' (k-Zr. 22:6).

123

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

]p-Xn-b tem-I-{I-a-Øn¬ ssZ-ho-I ip-{iq-j-bp-sS \-h-am-\-ßƒ

d-h. kn-_p ]-≈n-®n-d (CS-h-Imw-Kw) (hn-Im-cn, F-∏n-s^\n am¿tØmΩm ]≈n, \yqtbm¿°v)

124

Xm≥ kr-jv-Sn-® tem-Iw \-in-®p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-∏m≥ Xs‚ G-I-Pm-X-\m-b ]p-{X-s\ \¬-Ip-hm≥ X-°-h-Æw temI-sØ kv-t\-ln-® ]n-Xm-hn-s‚ hm-Xv-k-ey-am-Wv ssZ-ho-I ip-{iq-jb - p-sS A-Sn-kvY - m-\h - pw A-fh - p-tIm-epw. Cu ip-{iqj-bn-te-°p-≈ £-W-hpw \n-tbm-K-hp-am-Wv A-s∏m-kv-X-enI k-aq-l-Øn-\p \¬-I-s∏-´-Xv. A-{]-Im-cw `m-c-X-Øn-s‚ A-s∏m-kX v- e - \ - m-bn \n-cW - s - Ø-Øn-b am¿-tØm-Ωm «o-lmbp-sS ip-{iq-jm ss]-Xr-Is - Ø sIm≠m-Sp-∂ am¿-tØm-Ωm «o-lm Zn-\Ø - n¬ X-s∂, «o-lm-bp-sS Xr-°c - ß - f - m¬ ÿm]n-Xa - m-b \n-cW - w sb-cp-itew ssZ-hm-eb - Ø - n-s‚ k-¥m-\am-bn Cu ip-{iq-jm-k-c-W-bn¬ F-s∂ ]-cn-t]m-jn-]n-® sbcp-itew k¨-tUkvI - q-fn-s‚ i-tXm-Øc - c-PX - Pq-_n-en B-tLm-jØ - n¬ ]-¶p-Xc - p-∂ ssZ-hØ - n-\p kvt- Xm-{Xw. F{X-tbm \-∑-a-c-ß-fp-sS Xn-cp-ti-jn-∏p-Iƒ C-gp-In-t®¿-∂v ^e-]p-jv-S-am-b H-cp a-Æn-em-Wv ssZ-hw \-sΩ \-´-Xv Ft∂m¿-Øv F-s‚ lr-Z-bw X-c-fn-X-am-Ip-∂p. \-ap-°v C-t∂mfw ]-cn-Nn-X-a-√m-Ø, A-\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-am-b Po-hn-X kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ ap-tºm-´v t]m-Ip-∂ Cu tIm-hn-Uv Im-e-Øv ssZ-ho-I ip-{iq-jb - p-sS sh-√p-hn-fn-If - pw \-ha - m-\ß - f - pw Ah- [ mcWw sN- ø p- I F- ∂ - X - t {X Cu teJ- \ - Ø ns‚ sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Dt±iyw. {Ko-°p `m-j-bn-se U-b-t°m-Wn-b F-∂ ]Zw sIm≠p A¿-∞a - m-°p-∂X - v ip-{iq-j F-∂mWv. Cu ]-Z-Øn¬ \n-∂p-am-Wv Uo-°≥ (siΩm-iv / ip-{iq-j-I≥), Zn-bm-t°m≥, A¿-°-Znbmt°m≥ F-∂o ]-Z-ß-fpw D-f-hm-bn-´p-≈-Xv. tem-I-sØ c-£n-∏m≥ ssZ-hw X-s‚ lr-Z-b-{]Im-cw \n-cq-]n-®h - c - pw \n-tbm-Kn-®h - c - pw \n-e\ - n¿Øn-b-h-cp-am-Wv Uo-°-∑m¿ (ip-{iq-j-I-∑m¿). th-Z-]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ Cu ssZ-ho-I ip-{iq-jbn¬ ]-¶p-Im-cm-bn-cp-∂ A-t\-Iw hy-IX v- n-Xz-ßsf \-ap-°v Im-Wp-hm≥ km-[n-°pw. ssZ-h-Øn\p th≠n ssZ-ho-I \n-tbm-K-Øm¬ ssZ-h-I-cam-bn-Øo¿-∂p-≈ A-h-cp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fmWv ssZ-ho-I ip-{iq-j F-∂-Xp-sIm≠v A¿-∞am-°p-∂-Xv. Np-cp-°-Øn¬, c-£ A-h-iy-am-bncn-°p-∂ tem-I-Øn¬, a-s‰m-∂n-epw c-£-bn-√mXn-cn-°p-tºmƒ ssZ-ho-I C-S-s]-S-s]-S-en-s‚ Nm-eI - ß - f - m-Ip-hm-\p-≈ hn-fn-tbm \n-tbm-Kt- am B-Wv Cu ip-iq-j. ssZ-ho-I ip-{iq-j hn-hn-[ß - f - pw hy-Xy-kvX - ß-fp-am-Wv. A-h km-l-N-cy-ßƒ-°-\p-kr-X-ambpw \n-tbm-K-ßƒ-°-\p-kr-X-am-bpw hy-Xym-ks∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn, t\m-l-bp-sS ip-iq-jm cw-K-a-√ A-{_-lm-an-t‚-Xv, A-{_-lman-t‚-X-√, tPm-k-^n-t‚-Xv, tPm-k-^n-t‚-X-√ tam-ib - p-sS-Xv; H-tc ip-{iq-jm cw-Ks - a-¶n-epw tami-bp-sS ip-{iq-jI - f - √ - A-ltcm-t‚-Xv. F-∂m¬ C-hs - b tIm¿-Øn-W° - p-∂ N-cS- m-Wv ssZ-hØ - ns‚ c-£m-I-c ]-≤-Xn. in-£n-°p-hm-\p-≈-X-√; ]-Ic - w, c-£m-Ic - a - m-Ip-hm-\pw c-£n-°p-hm-\pw D≈-Xm-Wv ssZ-ho-I ]-≤X - n-bpw ssZ-ho-I ip-{iqj-I-cpw. Cu sIm-tdm-W-°m-e-sØ ip-iq-j-Icpw ip-{iq-j-bpw C-Xn-s‚ Zu-Xy-h-b¬ X-s∂bm-Wv. _m-[-bpw hym-[n-bpw ssZ-h-Øn-s‚ in-£bm-bn th-Z-]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ ]-e-bn-S-Øpw ImWp-hm≥ I-gn-bpw. F-∂m¬ in-£-bn¬ am-{Xw H-Xp-ßp-∂-X-√ ssZ-h-Øn-s‚ ]-≤-Xn. B-h¿Ø-\-]p-kv-X-Iw 28˛mw A-≤ym-bw 58 ap-X¬ 62 h-sc-bp-≈ hm-Iy-ßƒ, sIm-tdm-W°m-e-sØ°p-dn-®v ap-∂-ta Ip-dn-°-s∏-´ `m-K-sa-∂v \ap-°v tXm-∂n-t∏m-Imw.- \n-s‚ ssZ-ha - m-b b-tlm-h F∂ a-l-Øpw `-b-¶-c-hp-am-b \m-a-sØ \o `-bs∏-´p Cu ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ F-gp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂ Cu \ym-b-{]-am-W-Øn-se k-I-e-h-N-\-ß-fpw sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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{]-am-Wn-®-\p-k-cn-®p \-S-°m-™m¬ b-tlm-h \n-s‚ ta-epw \n-s‚ k-¥X - n-bp-sS-ta-epw \o≠p\n- e v - ° p- ∂ A- ] q¿- Δ - a m- b a- l m- _ m- [ - I - f pw \o≠p-\n-ev-°p-∂ h-√m-Ø tcm-K-ß-fpw h-cpØpw. \o t]-Sn-°p-∂ an-{k-bo-an-se hym-[n-Isfm-s°-bpw A-h≥ \n-s‚-ta¬ h-cp-Øpw. A-h \n-s∂ ]-‰n-∏n-Sn-°pw. Cu \ym-b-{]-am-W ]p-kvX-IØ - n¬ F-gp-Xn-bn-ń-√m-Ø k-Ie - tcm-Kh - pw _m-[-bpw-Iq-sS \o \-in-°pw-h-sc b-tlm-h \ns‚-ta¬ h-cp-Øn-s°m≠n-cn-°pw. B-Im-i-Ønse \-£-{Xw-t]m-se s]-cp-In-bn-cp-∂ \n-ßƒ \n-s‚ ssZ-h-am-b b-tlm-h-bp-sS hm-°p tIƒ°m- b v - I - s Im≠p Np- c p- ° w- t]- c m- b n ti- j n°pw. Rm≥ C-t∏mƒ ip-{iq-j sN-øp-∂ \yq-tbm¿°v ]-´-W-Øn-se sIm-sdm-W-°m-e-Øn-s‚ A\p-`-h-ßƒ H-cp s\-Sp-ho¿-t∏m-sS A-\p-kv-a-cn°p-∂p. B-h¿-Ø\ - ]p-kX v- I - w 28 : 66˛¬ hm-bn°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se F-√m-h-cpw {]m-W-`-b-Øn¬ B-b H-cp Im-ew; F-√mw D-s≠∂v Nn-¥n-®-h¿ t]m-epw H-∂p-an-√m-Øh - s - c-t∏m-se R-cß - n-b Hcp Im-ew; ho-™n-s‚ \m-Sm-b Im-\m F-∂ ]-´W-Øn¬ I-eym-W-Øn-\v ho-™n-\p Zu¿-e-`yw D≠m-bX - pt]m-se B-tcm-Ky-ta-Je - b - n¬ ap≥-]¥n-bn-em-b ]-´W - ß - f - n¬ t]m-epw H-cp am-kvI - n\p ]-Ic - w a-s‰m-∂p e-`y-a√ - m-Xn-cp-t∂m-cp Im-ew; H-tc-sbm-cp sh‚n-te-‰¿ H-∂n-e-[n-Iw t]¿-°v ho-Xw h-®p \¬-In-b H-cp Im-ew; `-£y kp-c£ D-s≠∂p I-cp-Xn-b \m-ń¬ t]m-epw B-Uw_-cIm-dp-I-fn¬ h-∂v `-£-W-Øn-\m-bn C-c-∂ H-cp Im-ew; ^yq-Wd - ¬ tlm-ap-Iƒ Ip-anƒ t]mse ap-f-®n-cp-∂ tZ-i-ß-fn¬ t]m-epw ar-X-tZ-lßƒ h-gn-bn¬ kq-£n-t°≠n h-s∂m-cp Imew; A-¥-t m-Spw B¿-`m-S-tØm-Spw i-h-kw-kvIm-c ip-{iq-jI - I - ƒ \n¿-Δl - n-®n-cp-∂ Im-eØ - p \n-∂pw ar-X-tZ-l-ßƒ kq-£n-∏m≥ I-gn-bm-sX Iq-á - m-bn Nn-Xs - bm-cp-°n-b H-cp Im-ew; \m-ew-K Ip-Spw-_Ø - n¬ aq-∂p-t]-cp-tS-bpw a-cW - w \m-ema-Øh - s - \ A-dn-bn-®v a-cW - m-\¥ - c - ip-{iq-jI - ƒ {I-ao-Ic - n-°p-hm≥ c≠p am-kt- Øm-fw Im-Øn-cp∂p hn-ê - a - m-bn-t∏m-b H-cp Im-ew; kz-Xs - h hne-bd - n-bm-sX iz-kn-®n-cp-∂ {]m-Wh - m-bp-hn-\m-bn s]m-∂pw hn-e \ - ¬-In Im-Øp-\n¬-t°≠n h-∂ H-cp Im-ew; sh‚n-te-‰¿ \¬-Ip-hm≥ C-√m-sX h-∂-t∏mƒ {]m-bw sN-∂-h-cn¬ \n-∂v bu-h-\°m-cn-te-°v A-Xv am‰n \¬-In-b H-cp Im-ew; A-

125

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1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

]-c-s‚ km-∂n-≤yw Po-h-s‚ ò-j-Wn-bm-bn tXm-∂n-b Im-ew; sIm-tdmW hm¿-Un-se G-Im¥- X - b n¬ t\- g v - k n- s ‚ H- c p Im- s em- ® H- ∂ p tIƒ-°m≥ sIm-Xn-s®m-cp Im-ew; Iq-ń-eS- ® - Infn-sb-t∏m-se \mw ho-ń-e-S-°-s∏-t´m-cp Im-ew; F-b¿-t∏m¿-´p-I-fpw tdm-Up-I-fpw s]m-Xp-K-XmK-X-ß-fpw \n-iv-N-e-am-sbm-cp Im-ew; B-tcmKyta-Je - b - n¬ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂h - ¿ tPm-en ]q¿Øn-bm-°n a-Sß - n h-cp-tam F-∂p \n-iN v- b - a - n-√msX ho-ń¬ \n-∂pw hn-S] - d - t- b≠n h-∂ H-cp Imew; ap-e-bo-ń-bp-cp-∂ A-Ω-am¿ s]m-epw Ip™n-s\ H-∂m-t«-£n-°p-hm≥ I-gn-bm-sX ]-eap-dn-bn¬ D-d-tß≠n h-∂ H-cp Im-ew. C-h-bpsS Xo-{h-X hm-°p-Iƒ-sIm≠v hn-h-cn-°p-hm≥ {]-bm-kw. C-ßs - \ {]m-W`- b - Ø - n-em-b H-cp Ime-Øn¬ ssZ-ho-I Zu-Xy-hpw ip-{iq-jI - f - pw F¥m-Wv? sIm-tdm-W° - m-ew H-cp B-flt- im-[\ - b - p-sS Iq-Sn Im-ea - m-Wv. ssZ-hw kr-jvS- n-® tem-Iw Btcm-Ky-Zm-bI - h - pw tcm-Ka - p-IX v- h - p-am-Wv. F-∂m¬ \mw A-Xn-s\ hn-I-e-hpw tcm-K-{K-ÿ-hp-am-°ns°m≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ssZ-hw kz-]v-\w I≠ temI-Øn¬ \n-∂pw, kr-jv-Sn-∏n-s‚ D-t±-iy-Øn¬ \n-∂pw, F-{X-tbm Im-Xw am-dn-bm-Wv \mw k©-cn-°p-∂-Xv. a-eo-a-k-hpw tcm-Km-Xp-c-hp-am-b tem-Iw \m-iØ - n-te-°p-≈ {]-bm-WØ - n-em-Wv. C-hn-sS-bm-Wv \-in-®p t]m-Ip-∂-h-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ ssZ-hØ - n-s‚ lr-Zb - t- h-Z\ - sh-fn-hm-°s - ∏Sp-∂-Xv. an-{k-bo-an-ep-≈ F-s‚ P-\-Øn-s‚ I„-X Rm≥ I≠p I≠p; Du-gn-bh - n-Nm-cI - ∑ - m¿ \n-an-Ø-ap-≈ A-h-cp-sS \n-e-hn-fn-bpw tI-´p; Rm≥ A-h-cp-sS k-¶-S-ßƒ A-dn-bp-∂p. (]p-d. 3:7). ssZ-hØ - n-s‚ Cu lr-Zb - h - m-bv∏ - n-s‚ ]-¶pIm-cm-Wv Hm-tcm {In-kv-Xo-b ip-{iq-j-I-cpw. bn-{km-tb¬ a-°f - n¬ _m-[ s]m-ń-∏p-ds - ∏´v A-t\-I¿ a-cn-®p ho-gp-tºmƒ (kw-Jy. 16) tam-i-bpw A-l-tdm-\pw sN-bv-X ip-{iq-j-Iƒ sIm-tdm-W° - m-es - Ø {In-kX v- o-b ip-{iq-jI - ƒ°v am-Xr-I-bm-Wv. P-\-Øn-s‚ \m-i-Øn¬ \nkw-Kc - m-bn C-cn-°p-∂X - √ - , Hm-Sn- H-fn-°p-∂X - √ - , ]-Ic - w {In-bm-flI - a - m-bn {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂X - m-Wv {In-kv-Xo-b ip-{iq-j. ta¬-∏-´-°m-c-\m-b A-ltcm≥ [q-]w I-c-ß-fn-te-¥n, Po-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂h-cp-sS-bpw a-cn-®-h-cp-tS-bpw \-Sp-hn¬ \n-∂v {]m¿-∞-\-I-fm-Ip-∂ [q-]w D-b¿-Øn tZ-i-Øn\p ku-Jyw h-cp-Øn-b-Xp t]m-se sIm-tdm-W-

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°m-es - Ø ip-{iq-jb - ° v- m-bn ssZ-hw \-sΩ-bpw hn-fn-°p-∂p. aq-∂mw \q‰m≠n¬ tdm-am \-K-cØn¬ {]-Xn-Zn-\w 5000 t]¿ ho-Xw a-c-W-s∏-´ tπ-Kv _m-[-bn¬ A-e-Iv-k-{¥n-bm-bn-se _n-j∏m-bn-cp-∂ am¿ Zn-h-∂ym-tkym-kv, Im¿-tØ-Pnse _n-j-∏m-bn-cp-∂ kn-{]n-b≥ F-∂n-h-cp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-hpw ip-{iq-j-I-fpw, ]-Xn-\m-emw \q‰m≠n¬ bq-tdm-∏n-se hn‰≥-_¿-Kn-ep≠m-b tπ-Kv _m-[b - n¬ {In-kvX - o-b ip-{iq-jI - c - mbn-cp∂ am¿-´n≥ eq-Ydnt‚bpw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ K¿`n-Wn-bm-b `m-cy Im-Xd - n-t‚-bpw tk-h\ - ß - f - pw, ]-sØm≥-]X - mw \q-‰m≠n¬ e≠≥ \-Kc - s - Ø _m-[n-® tIm-fd - Im-eØ - v {In-kX v- o-b ]p-tcm-lnX-\m-bn-cp-∂ Nmƒ-kv kv-]¿-P-s‚ {]-kw-K-hpw {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fpw, sX-°≥ Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns\ {K-kn-® tIm-f-d _m-[-bn¬ {In-kv-XpI-c-ambn sN-s∂-Øn-b km-[p sIm-®p-Ip-™p D-]t- Zin-bp-sS tk-h\ - k-cW - n-If - pw C-∂n-s‚ ip-{iqj-Iƒ-°v Nq≠p ]-e-I-I-fm-Wv. Cu c-£m-I-c Zu-Xy ip-{iq-j-Iƒ-°v th-Z]p-kv-X-I ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Nn-¥n-°p-tºmƒ {Xn-am-\ X-e-ßƒ B-Wp-≈-Xv: 1. ta-i-ta¬ D≈ ip-{iq-j (ministry at the table), 2. h-N\ - Ø - ns‚ ip-{iq-j (ministry of the word); 3. tem-IØn-\p-≈ ip-{iq-j (ministry to the world) A-∏Ø - n-s‚ ho-´n¬ (t_-Xe - v- t- l-an¬) A-∏am-bv Xo¿-∂h - s - ‚ ip-{iq-jb - m-Wv ta-it- a-ep-≈ ip-{iq-j. -A-h≥ A-∏w F-Sp-Øp, hm-gv-Øn, \pdp-°n, in-jy¿-°v sIm-Sp-Øp- F-∂ Xn-cp-hØ - msbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

g ÿm-]-\ h-N-\-Øn¬ I¿-Øm-hn-s‚ ip-{iqj-bp-sS 4 {In-bm-]Z- ß - f - pw (F-Sp-Øp, hm-gvØ - n, \p-dp-°n, sIm-Sp-Øp) Dƒ-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. sImtdm-W Im-e-Øv F-{X-tbm t]¿ A-∂-Øn-\mbn C-c° - p-∂X - v \mw I≠p. F-∂m¬ F-{X-tbm kp-a-\- p-Iƒ ip-{iq-j-I-s‚ (si-Ωm-i-s‚) Ip-∏m-ba - W - n-™v A-t\-I¿-°v A-∏w F-Øn-®p \¬-In-b \-√ Zr-„m-¥-Øn-\pw \mw km-£yw h-ln-®p. sh≥-dn-te-‰d - n-\p th≠n Im-Øp-\n¬-°p-∂ Iyq-hn¬ h-μy-h-tbm-[n-I-\m-b H-cp ssh-Zn-I≥ X-s‚ ]n-d-In¬ \n¬-°p-∂ bu-h-\-°m-c-\m-b k-tlm-Zc - s - \ I≠v X-\n-°v e-`n-t°≠ {]m-Whm-bp A-h\ - v \¬-In kz-bw a-cW - w h-cn-® ]utcm-ln-Xy ip-{iq-j, {In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚ kz-bw \pdp-°n \¬-In-b ip-{iq-jb - p-sS Xp-S¿-®b - √ - m-sX a-s‰-¥m-Wv. c≠m-a-Xm-bn, h-N-\-Øn-s‚ ip-{iq-j. h-N\w P-Uw [-cn-®h - \ - m-Wv {In-kvX - p. \n-cm-ib - p-sS ]-Sp-Ip-gn-bn¬ ho-gp-∂ P-\Ø - n-\v {]-Xym-ib - p-sS In-c-Ww h-N-\-am-Ip-∂ hn-f-°m-Wv. hm-°p-Iƒ Po-h-s‚ h-N-\-am-bn, Po-h-\p-≈-Xpw Po-h≥ \¬-Ip-∂-Xp-am-b h-N-\-am-bn, cq-]-s∏-´ k-μ¿`-am-bn-cp-∂p sIm-tdm-W° - m-ew. C-{X-b[ - n-Iw hN-\ [ym-\h - pw ]T-\h - pw {]-tLm-jW - h - pw \n¿Δ-ln-°-s∏-´ a-s‰m-cp Im-ew D-t≠m F-∂v ktμ-ln-°p-∂p. h-N-\w hn-`m-Kn-°p-I am-{X-a-√ lr-Zn-kv-X-am°n _-ew kw-`-cn-® \n-an-j-ß-sf C-s∂-∂ sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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1870 - 2020

t]m-se Hm¿-°p-∂p. 121˛mw k-¶o¿-Ø\ - w, 91˛mw k-¶o¿-Ø-\w, 46˛mw k-¶o¿-Ø-\w, 23˛mw k¶o¿-Ø\ - w Xp-Sß - n-b th-Z` - m-Kß - ƒ F-{X-tbm B-h¿-Øn sNm-√n tPm-en-Iƒ-°m-bn ho-Sn-\p ]p-d-tØ-°v C-d-ßn-b k-μ¿-`w a-d-°p-hm-\m-hn√. ]-e-I-bpw ]-cn-N-bp-am-bp-≈ ssZ-h-km-∂n≤yw, A-Xyp-∂X - s - ‚ a-dh - pw k¿-Δi - ‡ - s - ‚ \ng-epw-, X-s‚ `-IX v- a - m¿-°p Np-¡pw ]m-fb - a - n-dß - n hn-Sp-hn-°p-∂- I¿-Øm-hv Xp-S-ßn-b hm-°p-Iƒ h-N\ - Ø - n-s‚ ]-hn-ga - p-Øp-If - m-bn \-ap-°v A-\p`-th-Zy-am-bn. aq-∂m-a-Xm-bn, In-kv-Xp X-s‚ Zu-Xyw \n¿-Δln-®-Xpw ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-®-Xpw tem-I-Øn¬ Xs∂-bpw tem-I-sØ c-£n-∏m≥ th≠n-bpamWv. Hm-tcm ip-{iq-j-I-\pw Cu In-kv-Xp Zu-XyØn-s‚ I-cw B-hp-I-bm-Wv. sIm-tdm-W hm¿Un¬ tcm-Kn-I-sf ]-cn-N-cn-°p-hm≥ t]m-Ip-∂ B-tcm-Ky-]m-e-I-bm-b H-cp A-Ω-bp-sS B-flob hn-im-e-X C-∂pw tIm-cn-Ø-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. a-cW-sØ ap-∂n¬ I≠psIm≠p-≈ {]-h¿-Ø-\ ta-Je - b - n¬ \n-∂pw Ip-d® - p Zn-hk - w A-h[ - n-sbSp-Øv ho-ń¬ kp-c-£n-X-am-bn C-cp-∂p Iq-sS F-∂ tNm-Zy-Øn-\v Rm≥ t]m-bm¬ F-\n-°v F-¥v kw-`-hn-°pw F-∂-Xn-ep-]-cn Rm≥ t]mbn-√m-sb-¶n¬ F-s‚ ip-{iq-j I-S-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ tcm-Kn-Iƒ-°v F-¥pw kw-`-hn-°mw F-∂ B-fl hn-h-i-X-bn-em-Wp Rm≥ F-∂ a-dp-]-Sn C-∂n-s‚ \-√ i-a-cym-°m-c-s\ sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. \p-dp-ßn-b tem-I-Øn-\pth≠n A-∏-am-bpw h-N-\-am-bpw \p-dp-°-s∏-Sp-∂ ip-{iq-j ssZ-hoI c- £ m ]- ≤ - X n- b p- s S B- h n- j v - I m- c - a m- W v . (Breaking of the bread, breaking of the Word for the broken world). ta¬-∏-d-™ aq-∂p ip-{iq-jm-X-e-ß-fpw G‰-hpw t{i-jvT-am-bpw t{]m-Pz-e-am-bpw \n¿-h-ln°-s∏-´ Im-e-am-Wv Cu sIm-tdm-W-°m-ew. ]Xn-hv B-cm-[-\m ssi-en-I-fn¬ \n-∂pw Hm¨sse≥ kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-≈ Akm-[m-c-W B-cm-[-\ ssi-en-Iƒ km-[m-c-Wam-bn Xo¿-∂ H-cp Im-e-am-Wn-Xv. C-{km-tb¬ a°ƒ {]-hm-k-Øn¬ B-b-t∏mƒ B-cm-[n-°phm≥ ssZ-hm-e-b-Øn¬ Iq-Sn h-cp-∂-Xn-t\m arK-ßƒ e-`y-a-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ bm-K-ßƒ A¿-∏n-°p-∂X - n-t\m I-gn-™n-cp-∂n-√. F-∂m¬ ]-cn-an-Xn-I-fp-sS a-t≤y, D-S-º-Sn-bp-sS a-°-fm-bn

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

\n¬-∏m-\pw \ym-b-{]-am-W-Øn≥ Io-sg \-S-∏m\p-am-bn A-h¿ {I-ao-I-cn-® \q-X-\ kw-hn-[m-\am-Wv kp-\t- Km-Kv B-cm-[\ - . F-∂m¬ {]-hm-kØn-\p ti-jw C-{km-tb¬ a-°ƒ ssZ-hm-e-bØn-se B-cm-[-\ ]p-\¿-Po-hn-∏n-®p. Iq-Sm-sX {]-hm-k-Im-e-Øv A-h¿ B-cw-`n-® kp-\-tKm-Kv B-cm-[-\ A-h¿ \n¿-Øn-b-Xp-an-√. A-ß-s\ I¿-Øm-hn-s‚ ]-ck - y ip-{iq-j Im-eØ - v ap-∂qdn-e-[n-Iw kp-\-tKm-Kp-Iƒ sb-dp-i-te-an¬ Xs∂ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xm-bn N-cn-{X tc-J-Iƒ km£n-°p-∂p. A-Xv ssZ-hm-eb - Ø - n-se B-cm-[\ - bv-°v ]q-c-I-am-bpw `-hn-®p. C-hn-sS \mw {i-≤n-t°≠ H-cp hn-j-bw kp\-tKm-Kv B-cm-[-\ ssZ-hm-e-b-Øn-se B-cm-[\-b° v- v ]-Ic - a - m-bn A-√, ]q-cI - a - m-bm-Wv Xo¿-∂Xv. sIm-tdm-W-°m-ew F-Æ-a-‰ Hm¨-sse≥ B-cm-[-\-I-fp-sS th-Zn-bm-Ip-∂-Xv \mw I≠p. Im-e-Øn-s‚ B-h-iy-ßƒ a-\- n-em-°n k-`bpw kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fpw e-`y-am-b F-√m km-t¶Xn-I hn-Zy-If - pw D-]b - p-IX v- a - m-°n B-cm-[\ - m Pohn-X-sØ kw-]p-jv-S-am-°n F-∂-Xv Xo¿-®-bmbpw {]-iw-km¿-l-am-Wv. F-∂m¬ H-cp D-Ø-c sIm-tdm-W° - m-ew (postcorona period) \n-ch - [ - n km-[y-XI - f - pw sh-√p-hn-fn-If - pw \-Ωp-sS ap-ºn¬ D-b¿-Øp-∂p≠v. sIm-tdm-W-°m-ew \-sΩ ]-e Im-cy-ßƒ R-ßƒ ]p-Xp-Xm-bn io-en-∏n-®p. B-gv-N-I-tfmfw sIm-tdm-W hm¿-Un¬ ip-{iq-j sN-bX v- H-cp am-Xm-hv X-s‚ Ip-™n-s\ h¿-Nz¬ B-bn Bt«-jn-°p-∂ cw-Kw \-Ωp-sS I-Æp-I-sf Cu-d-\Wn-bn-®p. I-d≥-kn-Iƒ t]m-epw sh¿-®¬ BIp-∂ Cu Im-e-Øv {]m¿-∞-\-Iƒ, h-N-\ [ym\w, B-cm-[\ - I - ƒ C-hs - b-√mw sh¿-Nz¬ B-Ip∂-Xv \mw io-en-®n-cn-°p-∂p. A-Xp \¬-Ip-∂ km-[y-X-I-fpw ku-I-cy-ß-fpw h-f-sc-b-[n-I-amWv. F-hn-sS-bn-cp-∂pw Hm¨-sse-\n-eq-sS B-cm[-\-bn¬ ]-¶p-tN-cmw F-∂p-≈ km-[y-X \-ΩpsS ap≥-]n¬ Xp-d-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. tem-I-Ønse-hn-sS-bpw D-≈ hn-`h - t- i-jn-sb D-]b - p-‡a - m°m≥ A-h-k-c-ßƒ \¬-I-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. GIm-¥-X-bp-sS ]-Sp-Ip-gn-bn¬ H-‰-s∏-Sp-hm≥ km[y-X-bp-≈-t∏mƒ ]-c-kv-]-c _-‘-Øn-s‚ kvt\-l-®q-Sv ]-cn-an-X-am-sb-¶n-epw A-\p-`-hn-°phm≥ km-[y-X-Iƒ H-cp-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. F-∂m¬ F-√m ku-I-cy-ß-fpw \-∑-bv-°mbn `-hn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. Nn-e A-]-I-S-ß-fn-te-

128

°pw A-Xv \-sΩ sIm-s≠Øn-t®-°mw. ]-≈n B-cm-[-\-Iƒ ]p-\¿-Po-hn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-´pw Hm¨sse≥ B-cm-[\ - I - ƒ sIm≠v Xr-]vX - n-bS- b - p-∂ ssi-en H-cp A-]-I-S-am-Wv. Without physical, there is no virtual, Medium is the message F-∂o kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ \mw a-d-∂p Iq-Sm. ]-≈n B-cm[-\b - n¬ \mw t\-cn-´v ]-s¶-Sp-°p-∂X - n-\v H-cn-°epw Xp-ey-am-hn-√ sh¿-®z-em-bp-≈ ]-¶m-fn-Øw. C-h c≠pw X-cp-∂ A-\p-`-h X-e-ßƒ A-P-KPm-¥-cw B-Wv. Iq-´m-bv-a-bn-eq-sS-bpw H-∂m-bncn-°p-∂X - n-eq-sS-bpw e-`y-am-Ip-∂ ssZ-hk - m-∂n≤yw H-cp sh¿-®z¬ A-\p-`q-Xn-b-√; ]-I-cw, AXv bm-Ym¿-∞y-am-b A-\p-`h - h - pw cp-Nn-®d - n-bm-hp∂Xp-am-Wv. tem-I-sØ c-£n-∏m≥ `q-an-bn¬ A-hX - c - n-® I¿-Øm-hv H-cp km-¶¬-∏n-I km-∂n≤yw (Virtual Presence) A-√ tem-IØ - n-\p \¬In-b-Xv, ]-I-cw bm-Ym¿-Xy-am-b-Xpw `u-Xo-I-amb-Xpw N-cn-{X-Øn¬ k-∂n-th-in-∏n-°s - ∏-´X - p-amb km-∂n-≤y-am-Wv (Physical Presence). samss_-en-eq-sS-bpw a-¡v \-h-am-≤y-tam-]m-[n-I-fneq-sS-bpw th-Z] - p-kvX - I - w, B-cm-[\ - m {I-aw, KoX-ßƒ, [ym-\-ßƒ, {]m¿-∞-\-Iƒ F-∂n-ßs\ F-√mw e-`y-am-Ip-∂ Cu Im-e-Øv A-h-bpsS hn-ip-≤n-bpw ]m-h-\-X-bpw \-jv-S-s∏-Sm-sX kq-£n-°p-I F-∂-Xv H-cp B-h-iy-I-X-bpw AXn-s‚ k-Øm-]-c-am-b D-t±-iy-ip-≤n-sb l-\n°m-sX D-]-tbm-Kn-t°≠Xv C-∂n-s‚ sh-√p-hnfn-bp-am-Wv. Hm¨-sse≥ B-cm-[\ - m kw-hn-[m-\ß - ƒ ]≈n B- c m- [ - \ - I ƒ- ° v ]q- c - I - ß - f m- b n `- h nt°≠Xpw km-¶¬-∏n-I tem-IØ - v \n-∂pw t\cn-´p-≈ A-\p-`h - Ø - n-te-°v sIm-Xn-tbm-sS t\m°n-∏m¿-°p-∂-Xn-\v D-tØ-Pn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-am-hWw. F-∂m¬ sh¿-®z¬ tem-I-Øn-se ip-{iqj-If - p-sS \-ha - m-\ß - ƒ \mw Xn-cn-®d - n-bp-Ib - pw Ku-c-h-tØm-sS A-Xn-s‚ ip-{iq-j-I-cm-hp-Ibpw sN-tø≠Xv C-∂n-s‚ A-\n-hm-cy-X-bm-Wv. X-ea - p-dI - s - f ssZ-ho-I ip-{iq-jb - n-te-°v BZm-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ \n-kv-Xp-ey km-£yw \n¿-Δl - n-® sb-cp-itew k-t≠kvI - q-fn-\v Pq-_nen B-iw-k-Iƒ t\-cp-I-bpw Cu sIm-tdm-Wm Im-e-Øv I¿-Øm-hn-s‚ c-£m-I-cZu-Xyw I¿Ør-I-c-am-bn \n-∂v t{i-jvT-X-tbm-sS-bpw A¿∞-]q¿-Æ-am-bpw \n¿-h-ln-°m≥ A-Xyp-∂-X\m-b ssZ-hw k-lm-bn-°-s´ F-∂v {]m¿-∞n°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

aX-]-T\coXn-im-kv{Xw: sblqZ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Rt. Rev. Joseph Mar Barnabas Suffragan Metropolitan

METHODOLOGY OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION: JEWISH CONTEXT

Pohn-X-Øn-s‚ {]-`m-X-am-Wv ssi-i-hw. shfn-®w sIm-≠v `q-an-sb hn-cp-∂q-´m≥ F-Øp-∂ {]`m-X-kq-c-y-s‚ In-c-W-ßƒ F-{X kp-μ-c-am-Wv. {]`m-XØ - n-s‚ {]-` H-cp Zn-hk - Ø - n-s‚ km-[y-XI - s - f k-Po-h-am-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se H-cp hy-‡n-bp-sS _me-y-Im-e A-\p-`-h-ß-fpw A-Xn-s‚ {]-`-bpw Xp-S¿Po-hn-X-sØ kzm-[o-\n-°pw. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ ""-_m-e≥ \-S-t°-≠p-∂ h-gn-bn¬ A-h-s\ A-`-ykn-∏n-°p-I; A-h≥ hr-≤-\m-bm-epw A-Xv hn-´p-amdp-I-bn-√'' (k-Zr. 22:6) F-∂ Xn-cp-h-N-\w G-sd kw-K-X-am-Wv. Xn-∑-bm-b-Xn-s\ Xn-c-kv-°-cn-°p-hm\pw (Selective negation), DZmØ-am-bX - ns\ kzmw-ioI-cn-°p-hm\pw (Selective internalisation), A¿∞hØm- b - X ns\ AwKo- I - c n- ° p- h m\pw (Selective acceptance), aqey-ßsf ]p\:-{]-Xn-\n-[m\w sNøphm\pw (Re-presentation of Values) t{]-c-W \-ev-Ip∂-Xn-eq-sS ssi-ih - ˛- _ - m-ey- I - m-e Po-hn-X h-yh - l - mc-ßƒ Xp-S¿-Po-hn-X-sØ sX-fn-a-bp-≈-Xm-°p-∂p. _m-ey- I - m-eØ - n-se ap-dn-hp-Iƒ H-cp hy-‡n-bpsS Xm-f∏ - n-gI - ƒ-°v B-[m-ca - m-Ipw F-∂v a-\xim-kv{X-]c - a - m-bn I-s≠-Øn-bX - m-Wv. A-ßs - \-sb-¶n¬ ssi-i-h-Im-e A-`n-ap-Jo-I-c-W-ß-fn-eq-sS \-∑-bpsS In-c-W-ßƒ k-∂n-th-in-∏n-°p-I-bpw A-Xn-t‚Xm-b {]-Xn-kv-]-μ-\-ßƒ H-cp hy-‡n-bp-sS Po-hnX-Øn¬ D-≠m-Ip-Ib - pw sN-øp-∂p. A-Xn-\m¬ {InkvX - o-b hn-Zy- m-`ym-kw H-cp Io-gvh - g - ° - w F-∂X - n-s\-

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

Binjv sNdn-bm≥ h¿Kokv ]´-ap-°n¬ (]q¿Δ hnZym¿∞n) (ssh-ZnI hnZym¿∞n)

°mƒ tem-I-Øn-s‚ \n¿-Ωn-Xn-°pw ssZ-hcm-Py-h¿-≤-\-hn-\pw \-h-am-\-hn-I-X-bv-°pw \n¿-Æm-b-I-am-Wv F-∂v I-cp-tX-≠-Xm-Wv. Ip-™p-ßs - f H-cp k-aq-Zm-bØ - n-s‚-tbm k`m-hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚-tbm `m-K-am-°n \n-e-\n¿Øp-I F-∂-X-√ {In-kv-Xo-b hn-Z-ym-`ym-kØn-s‚ Im-X¬. tb-ip-hn-eq-sS-bp-≈ ho-s≠-Sp-∏n-s‚ kp-hm¿-Ø Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-I-bpw B kzm-X{¥y-Øn¬ Po-hn-°p-hm≥ t{]-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sN-øp-∂-Xm-I-Ww {In-kv-Xo-b hn-Z-ym`ym-k-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\ D-t±-iyw. ssZ-hcm-Py aq-ey-ßƒ-°v A-[n-jvTn-Xa - m-bn Po-hnX-sØ {I-ao-I-cn-°p-hm≥ ]n≥-X-e-ap-d-°msc k-÷c - m-°p-I. Po-hn-Xs - Ø ssZ-hm-`n-apJ-am-bpw h-N-\m-[n-jvTn-X-am-bpw cq-]o-I-cn°p-hm≥ Ip-´n-Is - f k-÷c - m-°p-I. B-[p-\nI Im- e - L - ´ - Ø n- s ‚ X- Ø - z - N n- ¥ - I - \ m- b Rene Descartes C{]Imcw ]d-bp∂p "I think therefore I am"- Rm≥ Nn¥n- ° p- ∂ - X mWv Rm≥. Hcp hy-‡n-bpsS I¿-Xr-Xzw \n¿Æbn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Nn¥-Iƒ°v hf-sc {]m[m\yw D≠v. AXp-sIm≠v X-s∂ AXv \evI-

129

150

1870 - 2020

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

s∏-Sp-∂-X-√, cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv (Not given, but formed). tIƒhnIfpw Imgv N - I fpw kw`m-jW - ß - f - p-amWv \ΩpsS Nn¥-If - psS \n¿ÆmbI- X . AXn- \ m¬ sNdp- { ]m- b Ønse Nn¥-Isf ssZthm-∑p-J-am-°p∂ Imgv N - I ƒ°pw tIƒhn- I ƒ- ° pw Gsd kmwK-X-y-ap-≠v. B[p-\nI k¨tU-kvIqƒ {]ÿm-\Øns‚ {][m\ inev]n-bmb tdm_¿´v sdbvIvkv, 1780 ¬ Pohn-X-e-£-y-t_m[w \„s∏-Sp∂ Ipń-Iƒ°v Znim-t_m[w \evIphm-\mbn Bcw-`n® thZ-]-T-\-im-e-bmWv ]n∂oSv k¨tU-kvIq-fmbn cq]-s∏-Sp-∂X - v. At±-lØ - ns‚ Bi-bØ - n¬ "Ignorance is the root of degradation" A⁄X-bmWv Po¿Æ-Xbv°v B[m-c-sa∂pw AXn-\m¬ Ahs\ {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ ⁄m\m-fl-I-amb A`-yk - \ - hpw thZ-]T - \ - hpw KpW-Ic - a - mIpw F∂v At±lw Nn¥n-®n-cp∂p. ]g- b - \ n- b a ]›m- Ø - e hpw coXn- i mkv{Xhpw N-cn-{X-]-c-am-bn hn-h-£n-°p-tºmƒ ]n≥-Xe - a - p-d° - m-sc ssZ-ho-It- _m-[y- Ø - n¬ hf¿-Øp-hm≥ B-h-i-y-am-b A-`-y-k-\w \-evIp-∂ co-Xn ]-gb - \ - n-ba - Im-ew ap-X¬ X-s∂ \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. D-ev-]-Øn ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ A-{_-lm-ap-am-bn D-S-º-Sn sN-øp-tºmƒ btlm-h-bm-b ssZ-hw X-e-ap-d-I-fn-te-°v ]-Ic-s∏-tS-≠ ssZ-ho-I-t_m-[-y-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v {]-t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. ""-A-h-\p \n-h¿-Øn-®p sIm-Sp-∏m≥ X-°h - Æ - w A-{_-lmw X-s‚ a°-tfm-Spw X-\n-°v ]n-ºp-≈ Ip-Spw-_-tØmSpw \o-Xn-bpw \ym-b-hpw {]-h¿-Øn-®p-sIm≠v b-tlm-hb - p-sS h-gn-bn¬ \-S∏ - m≥ I-e] v- nt°-≠X - n-\p X-s∂'' (D-e] v- Ø - n. 18:19). Iq-Smc-hm-kn-bm-b A-{_-lm-apw B-Zn am-Xm-]n-Xm°-fpw X-e-ap-d-I-fn-te-°v A-dn-hn-s‚ {]-Imiw ]-I¿-∂X - v Hu-]N - m-cn-Ia - m-b hn-Zy- m-`ym-k {]-{In-bI - f - n¬ Iq-Sn-b√ - . Ip-ń-Iƒ X-ßf - p-sS am-Xm-]n-Xm-°f - p-sS am-Xr-II - ƒ I-≠v t_m[-yß - ƒ cq-]s - ∏-Sp-Øp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. X-ßf - p-sS ]q¿-Δn-I¿ bm-K] - o-Tß - s - f ]Wn-bp-∂-Xv I-≠pw, bm-Km¿-∏-W-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-tN¿-∂pw, ]-cn-t—-Z-\-bn-eq-sS-bp-sa-√mw ssZ-ho-I D-S-º-Sn _-‘-Øn¬ Ip-™p-ßsf-bpw C-g-tN¿-Øn--cp-∂p. F-∂m¬ Fred. H.

130

Wright Xs‚ "Manners and customs in Bible Times" F∂ ]pkvXI - Ø - n¬ Sir. Charles L. Wooley A-{_lm-an-s‚ P-∑t- Z-ia - m-b Du-cn¬ \-SØ - n-b ]p-cm-hkv-Xp K-th-j-W-Øn¬ \n-∂v A-{_-lm-an-s‚ ssi-i-h-Øn¬ X-s∂ th-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\m-bn im-eIƒ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p F-∂ kq-N-\-I-fpw D-≠v. ]q¿-Δn-Ic - p-sS Im-eØ - n-\v ti-jw, tam-ib - n-eqsS \ym-b{- ]-am-Wk - a - q-la - m-bn Xo¿-∂ bn-{km-tb¬ P-\-X X-ß-fp-sS hy-‡n Po-hn-X-hpw s]m-XpPo-hn-X-hpw \n-b-a-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ _-≤-{i-≤-cm-bncp-∂p. X-e-ap-d-I-fpw B \n-b-a-ßƒ kw-c-£n-°Ww F-∂X - n¬ \n-jvTb - p-≈h - c - pw B-bn-cp-∂p Ah¿. Ip-Spw-_-ß-fm-Wv sb-lq-Z-cp-sS B-Zy ]T-\im-e. sb-lq-Z a-Xm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn¬ G-‰-hpw {][m-\-am-b {]m¿-∞-\-bm-Wv ti-a (Shema). B-h¿Ø--\-]p-kv-X-Iw 6˛mw A-≤-ym-b-Øn-ep-≈ Cu {]m¿--∞\ - sb-lq-Zc - p-sS hn-iz- m-k{- ]-Jy- m-]\ - a - m-Wv. X-ßf - p-sS N-cn-{X-Øn¬ C-Ss - ]-´ ssZ-hs - Ø ]q¿Æ-am-b hn-t[-b-X-z-Øn¬ B-cm-[n-°p-I-bpw B-Zcn-°p-Ib - pw sN-øp-hm-\p-≈ B-lz- m-\a - m-Wn-Xv. F∂m¬ G-‰-hpw {]-[m-\-am-bn ""\o A-h-sb \n-s‚ a-°ƒ-°v D-]-tZ-in-®v sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw \o ho-´n¬ C-cn-°p-tºm-gpw F-gp-t∂-ev-°p-tºm-gpw A-h-sb°p-dn-®p kw-km-cn-°-bpw th-Ww (B-h¿-Ø-\w 6:7) F-∂v \mw hm-bn-°p-∂p. {]m¿-∞-\-bn-eq-sSbp--≈ t_m-[\ - h - n-Zy (Pedagogy through prayer) \mw CXn-eqsS ImWp-∂p. ho´nse kzm-`m-hn-I-amb Nc-yI - f - n¬ \n∂p-t]mepw Ip™p-ßf - n¬ ssZhmh-t_m[w \evIWw F∂ kqN\ CXn-ep-≠v. A-Xp-sIm≠v Xs∂ ssZhm-{i-b-t_m-[hpw Ncn{X-t_m-[-y-ßfpw Ip™p-ß-fn¬ ]I-tc-≠Xv kΩ¿±-Øn-eq-sS-b√ - , adn®v kz-`m-hn-Ia - mb BhnjvI-c-W-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv F∂v \mw Xncn-®-dn-bWw. Cu hn[-Øn¬ sblq-Z¿ XpS¿∂p hcp∂ "Infant grooming" C∂pw kwK-X-am-Wv. Zn\-N-c-y-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp∂ AΩ-am¿ XßfpsS a°-fn¬ Cu t_m[-y-ßƒ \evIp-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂p. `£-W-\n-b-{¥-W-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw Nc-y-Iƒ IrX-y-am-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw ]q¿Δn-I-cpsS Ncn-{Xhpw Ah-cpsS ssZhoI--t_m-[y- ß - fpw IYm-cq-t]W ]d™p \evIp-∂Xn-eq-sS-bp-sa√mw Ah-cpsS ssZhnI Nn¥-Isf hf¿Øp-∂p. tam-i ap-Jm-¥-cw e-`n-® \ym-b-{]-am-Ww lrZ-y-kv-X-am-°p-∂-Xn-epw X-ß-fp-sS ]m-c-º-cy-ßƒ t_m-[-y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-epw A-∏-∑m¿ {i-≤n-®n-cpsbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

∂p. sb-lq-Z Ip-Spw-_ ]T-\-ßƒ Iq-Sp-Xepw a-Xt- _m-[y- ß - ƒ ]-¶p-sh-b° v- p-∂X - n-eqsS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-tXm-sSm-∏w Nn-e hy-hkm-b A-`y- k - \ - ß - f - pw \-evI - n-bn-cp-∂X - m-bn William Barcley bpsS "Educational Ideals in the Ancient world" F-∂ ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. in-£-W-ap-≈ a-°-sf h-f¿-Ønsb-Sp-°p-h\ - p-≈ t_m-[] - q¿-Δa - m-b {i-aß - fpw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A-∏-s\-bpw A-Ω-sbbpw _-lp-am-\n-°, tam-„n-°-cp-Xv, sIm-e sN-øc - p-Xv Cu t_m-[y- ß - ƒ \-eI v- p-∂X - n-eqsS am-Xr-I-bp-≈ hy-‡n-I-fm-bn ap-Xn¿-∂v h-c-Ww F-∂ Nn-¥-bm-Wv \-ev-Ip-∂-Xv. Ipń-Iƒ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂ P-\-k-aq-l-ßƒ tI-´v ]Tn-°p-hm≥ th-≠n \ym-b-{]-am-W-Øn-se h-N-\-ßƒ P-\-ß-sf hn-fn-®p-Iq-ń D-d-s° hm-bn-°p-∂ te-hy ]p-tcm-ln-Xs - c-°p-dn-®pw \mw hm-bn-°p-∂p (B-h¿-Ø-\w 31:12). tam-i an-t{k-a-y-cp-sS k-I-e ⁄m-\hpw A-`y- k - n-®p hm-°n-epw {]-hr-Øn-bn-epw k-a¿-∞-\m-bn-Øo¿-∂p F-∂v \mw hm-bn°p--∂p (A-s∏m. 7:22). ]-gb - \ - n-ba - Im-eØ - v Ip- ´ n- I ƒ- ° v ⁄m- \ m- fl - I - a m- b hn- Z y (Wisdom) \evInbn-cp-∂p. ant{kan¬ \n∂v B¿÷n® hn⁄m\ ssk≤m- ¥ n- I X (Epistemology) tam-is - b H-cp {i-t≤-b\ - m-b t\-Xm-hm-°p-∂p. tam-is - b H-cp P-\X - b - p-sS ho-s≠-Sp-∏n-s‚ A-a-c-°m-c≥ B-°n-b-Xv tam-i A-dn-™-Xpw I-s≠-Øn-b-Xp-am-b ⁄m-\k - t- ¶-Xß - f - m-Wv. A-hb - p-sS ]p-\¿\n¿-Ωn-Xn-bpw (Re-construction) A]\n¿ΩnXnbpw (De-construction) tam-ib - p-sS ssZ-hoI-t_m-[-y-ß-sf B-g-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-bn \ap-°v a-\- n-em-°mw. sb-lq-Zc - p-sS D-’h - ß - f - pw s]-cp-∂m-fpI-fpw A-\p-_-‘-am-b B-tLm-j-ß-fpw Cu ssZ-h-t_m-[-y-ß-sf B-g-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]-g-s©m-√p-I-fn-eq-sS ⁄m-\hpw A-dn-hpw \-eI v- p-∂ co-Xn-bpw D-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]T-\t- Øm-Sv X-ev] - c - X - Im-´m-Øh - ¿-°v Nn-e km-μ¿-`n-I-am-b I-Ym-hn-jv-°m-c-˛-BJym-\Ø - n-eq-sS Pn-hn-XK - ‘ - n-bm-b \n¿-t±-ißƒ \-ev-In-bn-cp-∂p. A-e-¶m-c {]-tbm-KØn-eq-sS (Imagery) PohnX-]m-Tß - ƒ ]Tn-∏n°p∂ ]Xnhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂X - mbn A\p-am\n-°mw. bnsc-a-ymhv ]d-bp∂ Ipi-h\pw sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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Bebpw Ifn-aÆpw F√mw Cu hnZ-ym-t_m-[-\Øns‚ kqN-\-I-fm-Wv. {]hm-km-\-¥c t_m[-\-hn-Z-ybpw kp\-tKm-KpIfpw {]hm-km-\-¥c ImeØv (Post-exilic period) sb-lq-Zc - p-sS B-cm-[\ - m-Po-hn-Xw kp-\t- Km-Kp-am-bn Iq-Sp-X¬ _-‘s - ∏-ń-cp-∂p. {]-hm-kØ - n¬ I-gn-bptºmƒ s]m-Xp-hm-bn B-cm-[-\ C-√m-Xn-cp-∂ k-ab-Øv, sN-dp-Iq-´ß - f - m-bn X-ßf - p-sS a-Xh - n-Nm-cß - sf i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ ]-Xn-hv D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xv ]n-∂o-Sv kp-\-tKm-Kp-I-fm-bn cq-]-s∏-´ B-cm-[-\ÿ--ew F-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm-∏w kp-\-tKm-Kp-Iƒ ]T-\im-eI - ƒ Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. G.-Un. 64 ¬ Joshua Ben Gamale F-∂ a-lm-]p-tcm-ln-X-s‚ B-⁄m-\p-kc-Ww 6, 7 h-b - p-≈ B¨-Ip-ń-Is - f th-Zh - pw a-XNn-¥b - pw A-`y-kn-∏n-°p-∂X - n-\m-bn A-≤y- m-]I - s - c \n-b-an-°p-hm-\p-≈ D-Ø-c-hv H-cp N-cn-{X-tc-J-bmWv. A-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿-∂v sb-lp-Zm _m-e¿-°v a-X-˛t_m-[ ]T-\-ßƒ \n¿-∫-‘n-X-am-°n F-∂p N-cn{Xw ]-d-bp-∂p. kp-\t- Km-Kp-If - n¬ hn-Zy- m¿-∞n-Iƒ Kp-cp-°∑ - mcp-sS ]m-Z] - o-TØ - n¬ C-cp-∂v A-`y- k - \ - w \-SØ - n-bncp-∂p. a-\-]m-T-am-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bpw D-cp-hn-Sp-∂-Xneq-sS-bp-am-Wv (Memorization and Repetition) A`yk\w \S-∂p-h-∂-Xv. ]©-{KŸw hmbn-°p-hm≥ ioen-∏n-°p-I, tia, k¶o¿Ø-\-ßƒ, kr„n hnh-c-Ww, tehy \nb-a-ßƒ Ch-bm-bn-cp∂p {][m\ ]mT- y - ] - ≤ - X n. ]Øv hb v BIp- t ºmƒ 'Misnah' F-∂ \n-b-a-N-´-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°pw. Po-h-\pam--bn _-‘s - ∏-´ \ym-bß - ƒ, hn-hm-lm-\p-_‘ - N´-ßƒ, s]-cp-∂m-fp-I-fp-sS I¿-Ø-h-y-ßƒ, hn-ip≤-˛-A-hn-ip-≤ \o-Xn-kw-ln-X-Iƒ C-h-sb-√mw AXn-eq-sS ]-I¿-∂v \-ev-Ipw. Hm-tcm ]-´-W-Øn-epw H-cp kp-\-tKm-Kp D-≠mbn-cp-∂p. tb-ip-hn-s‚ kp-hn-ti-jw hym-]n-®-Xpw kp-\-tKm-Kp-I-fn¬ Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p F-∂v A-s∏mkv-X-e {]-hr-Øn-I-fn¬ \mw Im-Wp-∂p-≠v. kp-\tKm-Kp-I-fn¬ \ym-b-im-kv-{Xn-am-cpw d-_n F-∂v hnfn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂ A-≤-ym-]-I-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p {]-[m-\ ÿm-\o-b¿. tb-ip-hpw kp-\t- Km-Kv ]T-\Ø - n-eq-sSbm-Wv h-N-\w ]Tn-®-Xv. hn-Pm-Xn-b-cp-sS A-s∏m-kvtXm-e-\m-b ]u-tem-kpw 13-˛-mw h-b- n¬ sb-cp-ite-an¬ h-∂X - v K-am-en-tb-en-s‚ Io-gn¬ ]m-cº - c - y \n-ba - ß - ƒ A-`y- k - n-°m-\m-Wv F-∂v I-cp-Xmw (As∏m. 22:3). 10-˛15 h-b - v h-sc sb-lq-Z _m-e¿ ]Tnt°-≠X - v ]-cº - c - m-flI - a - m-b \n-ba - ß - f - m-Wv. C-ß-

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

s\ h-f-sc hn-]p-e-hpw hn-im-e-hp-am-b ]T-\-˛-{]{In-bI - ƒ sb-lq-Zm k-aq-lØ - n¬ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B kzm-[o-\-Øn¬ B-Imw ss{I-kv-X-h k-aq-lhpw Ip-ń-If - p-sS a-X] - T - \ - Ø - n-\v G-sd {]m-[m-\yw \-ev-In-b-Xv. tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚ A-`-y-k-\w tb-ip-hpw _m-e-y-Im-e-Øn¬ sb-lq-Zm ]T\-co-Xn-bn-eq-sS {]m-Y-an-I-am-b hn-Zy A-`-y-kn-°pI-bpw A-Xn¬ {]m-ho-Wyw t\-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp F-∂v kp-hn-ti-j-ßƒ km-£n-°p-∂p. eq-t°mkv N-cn-{X-Im-c-s‚ `m-j-y-Øn¬ ssZ-hm-e-b-Ønse D-]-tZ-„m-°-∑m-sc X-s‚ A-dn-hp sIm-≠pw tNm-Z-y-ßƒ sIm-≠pw D-Ø-c-ßƒ sIm-≠pw Ah≥ hn-kv-a-bn-∏n-®p (hn. eq-t°m-kv 2:47). kp-\tKm-Kv A-`y- k - \ - h - pw ]-cº - c - m-flI - a - m-b \n-ba - ß - fpw Ip-Spw-_-]-c-am-b t_m-[-y-ß-fpw tam-i-bp-sS \ym-b-{]-am-W-hpw B-im-cn-∏-Wn-bp-sS D-tZ-ym-Kmfl-I-am-b ssi-en-I-fpw tb-ip sN-dp-∏-Øn¬ Xs∂ A-`-y-kn-®p. a-‰v D-b¿-∂ ]T-\-ß-fpw tb-iphn-\v D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p F-∂ Nn-¥b - pw {]-_e - a - m-Wv. The lost year of Jesus Revealed F- ∂ ]p- k v - X - I Øn¬ tb-ip-hn-s‚ Nn-¥-Iƒ-°pw ]Tn-∏n-°-epIƒ-°pw B Im-eØ - n-se _u-≤n-Ii - m-en-If - m-b ""-F- n≥'' (Essene) k-aq-l-hp-am-bn _-‘-ap-≠v F-∂pw A-Xn-\m¬ A-hc - p-sS hn-⁄m-\s - sk-≤m¥n-I-X-bn-em-Wv tb-ip ap-Xn¿-∂p-h-∂-Xv F-∂pw tc-J-∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. tbip F∂ Kpcp H-cp Kp-cp F-∂ \n-e-bn¬ G-sd k-hn-ti-jX-bp-≈ hy-‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p tb-ip. {]-hm-N-I-Xpe-y-am-b k-tμ-i-ß-fpw Xn-cp-Ø-ep-I-fpw {]-`m-jW-ß-fpw A-S-bm-f-ß-fpw tb-ip \-ev-In-bn-cp-∂p. H-cp "d-_n' F-∂ \n-eb - n¬ H-∂mw \q-‰m-≠n-se ]e-kv-Xo-\n-b d-_n-I-fn¬ \n-∂v hy-X-y-kv-X-\m-bncp-∂p tb-ip. H-cp d-_o-bv-°v e-`-y-am-tI-≠ HutZym-Kn-I hn-Z-ym-`-ym-kw e-`n-®n-√. A-Xp am-{X-a-√, B-h¿-Ø-\-hpw a-\-]m-T-am-°-epw {]-_-e-am-b t_m-[-\-hn-Z-y-bm-bn \n-e-\n-∂n-cn-t° tb-ip B[n-Im-cn-I-am-bn \n-b-a-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°-bpw A-Xns‚ ss\-Xo-I-X N¿-® sN-øp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. \nb-a-ßƒ a-\-]m-T-am-°n a-\- n¬ ]-I¿-Øp-I F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ A-Xn-s‚ k-Øm-]-c-am-b A-Snÿm-\h - pw [m¿-Ωn-IX - b - pw A-Xn-s‚ am-\h - n-I aqe-yß - f - pw {In-bm-flI - a - m-b N¿-®I - f - n-eq-sS ]Tn-∏n°p-hm≥ tb-ip {i-an-®n-cp-∂p. \n-e-hn¬ \n-∂n-cp∂ d-_n-am-cp-sS ]mT-y] - ≤ - X - n-bp-am-bn hn-`n-∂a - m-bn-

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cp-∂p A-Xv. tb-ip H-cp N-en-°p-∂ hn-Zym-ime B-bn-cp-∂p. h-∂p hn-Zy t\-Sp-∂ co-Xn-b-√, sN-∂p sh-fn-®w ]-I-cp-∂ co-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p {In-kv-Xp A-h-ew-_n-®-Xv. tbip-hns‚ coXn-imkv{Xw (Methodology of Jesus) z D]-a-Iƒ (Parables) z

Zr„m¥ ]mT-ßƒ (Object lessons) (a¿t°mkv 14:12-˛26) z kw`m-j-W-ßƒ (Dialogue) (tbm-l-∂m≥ 3:1-˛5) z kmZr- i - ß ƒ (Comparison) (a- Ø mbn 13:40) z Ihn-Xm-hn-Zy (Poetry) (eq-t°mkv 6:37) z AX-yp-‡n-]-c-amb tNmZ-y-ßƒ (Hyperbolic Questions) (a-Ømbn 7:3) z Zz-bm¿∞-ßƒ (Pun) (a-Ømbn 23:24) {Inbm- ﬂ - I - a mb hn\- y m- k - ß - f n- e q- s SbmWv tbip ssZho-I-t_m-[-y-ßƒ ]I¿∂Xv. Jesus was, indeed, a master teacher. t{i-jvT\mb Hcp A≤- y m- ] - I - \ m- b n- c p∂p tbip. Xs‚ PohnXw Xs∂ Hcp henb ]mT-]p-kvXI-am°n ssZthm-∑p-JX - b - psS {]Im-ik - o-aI - fn- t e°v At\- I sc BI¿jn- ® p. Kesab Chandra Sen ]dbp-∂-Xp-t]mse "Jesus is the - n-s‚ a-\p-jy- a - p-Jhuman face of God". ssZ-hØ am-bn-cp-∂p tb-ip. C-∂s - Ø k¨-tU-kI -v qƒ A-≤y- m-]I - ¿ X-ßf - p-sS co-Xn-im-kv{- X-hpw Pohn-Xs - s\-Xn-IX - b - pw cq-]s - ∏-Sp-tØ-≠X - v B-[p\n-I hn-Zy- m-`y- m-k am¿-§ k-{º-Zm-bß - f - n¬ \n∂-√... {In-kv-Xp-hn¬ \n-∂m-Wv. tbm-l-∂m≥ F-gp-Xn-b kp-hn-ti-jØ - n¬ tb-ip X-s∂-Ip-dn®p ]-d™ X - v ""-Rm≥ hm-Xn-em-Ip-∂p'' F-∂mWv (hn. tbm-l. 10:9). Po-hn-X-sØ A-Xn-s‚ ]q¿-ÆX - b - n¬ I-s≠-Øp-hm-\pw tem-IØ - n-s‚ s]m-Xp-\∑ - b - ° -v m-bn ssZ-ht- Øm-Sv tN¿-∂v temIm-\p-`h - ß - f - n¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°p-hm-\pw t{]-cW - \ev-Ip-∂ hm-Xn-em-Wv A-Xv. kz-Im-c-y-X-tb-bpw s]m-Xp-Po-hn-Xs - Ø-bpw _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂ H-∂mWv hm-Xn¬. tb-ip ""-tem-IØ - n-te-°v Xp-d° - s∏-´ hm-Xn-em-W'v '. Hm-tcm k¨-tU-kI -v qƒ A≤ym-]I - \ - pw A-≤y- m-]n-Ib - pw tb-ip-hn-s\-t∏mse hm-Xn-ep-If - m-Ip-hm≥ hn-fn-°s - ∏-´h - c - m-Wv. \-Ωp-sS a-°ƒ A-Xn-eq-sS I-bd - n-bn-dß - n ssZh-Øn-s‚-bpw a-\p-jy-cp-tS-bpw Ir-]-bn¬ apXn¿-∂v h-cs - ´. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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ROLE OF FAMILY IN FAITH NURTURING

Rev. Dr. Joe Joseph Kuruvilla Director, TMA Institute of Couselling, Amalagiri

The institution of the family, the church and the society are all intricately linked. The functioning of the one affects the other and when there is a qualitative change in one of the institution it affects the functioning of the other two. Hence as a Christian it is important that we help our children in the growth and commitment to all these institutions. But if the child has to play a responsible role in these institutions it is his/her commitment to Jesus Christ that makes all the difference. The primary responsibility of the family is to help the child to grow fruitfully in all these areas of his life. Children are a blessing from the Lord and it is our duty to see to it that they are a blessing to the society, to the family and also to the church. But how can we do that? I propose that every family incorporate the development of faith formation process in three levels. The first level is to help them in the growth to the commitment to the one's home and family. Faith living starts at home. Home is the cradle of all nurturing. It is in the context of home the children start learning the early lesson of intimacy, attachments, faith living and also value system. The influence of good nurturing practices are noteworthy. Simple practices of encouraging kids to lead the family prayer meeting and also giving them different roles like selection of songs to sing, asking them to read the bible portions during prayer and so on goes on a long way in helping the kids to incorporate the faith and the spiritual values systems prevalent at home. In the earlier times the family was more bigger and it was multigenerational family. In that context there were grandparents present and also other elder members in the family who would take the responsibility to make the children sit with them and along with different conversations the issues of faith would be transmitted through

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

the telling of the biblical stories and many captivating incidents of the Bible. The child would have nurturing patterns and lessons from different significant members of the family. The parents would also consciously try to transmit the family traditions to their children. More than the materialistic achievements the focus was building on good character, faithful living and so on. In a consumerist culture the priority of many families have changed from making their children faith strong to successful person so that wealth and position could be achieved. This has direct bearing on the lives of children. The stress that they go through in life, the wrong models that they are getting in life has also a direct bearing on the functioning of the family. Teenage drinking, drug abuse are on the rise. The loss of security, the absence of attachment has all contributed to the sense of insecurity in the child which has made many of them delinquent. Hence it is important that every family regain its primary purpose of nurturing and helping the members of the family grow in the fear and faith in the Lord and in the building of good character and values. Hence the need of the hour is to strengthen one's family. The second level that the family plays is in the development of a child's commitment to the church. Faith is always expressed in a community living. Living with the fellow believers who have similar faith traditions and also engaging in faith activities that are meaningful to them is something that drives our faith living in the community. Life is a blessed experience when one is able to engage in faith practices that brings meaning to one's life. For a person to involve in faith practices though it starts at home the fulfillment and the finale comes when he finds meaning in the association with

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community of faithful. In Luke 2:41-52 we find the parents of Jesus Christ taking the boy Jesus to Jerusalem temple during the Passover festival. The concept of family worship in church and also all the members of the family worshipping together is a wonderful concept and has deep significance of the faith formation of the children. It is this commitment that leads to the participation of the all the members in the spiritual activities of the Church. This enables the child also to be active participant in the understanding of the faith and practices of the church. One of the challenges that the church faces today is that it is not able to express and convince its young friends the relevance of the faith and practices of the church. Many of the youngsters leave the church and often become active participant in other non denominational church. Another aspect that we see is that the church is no longer the focal point of many individuals. They just come to the church for the sake of a social gathering and hence the life and witness of the church just does not matter to them. This is also because of the rise of affluence, which has affected the way our churches function today. Materialism is affecting our priorities and commitments. The third level in which the family plays its nurturing function is in the building up to the child's commitment to Jesus Christ. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

It is the activities of the community of faithful that helps the child to have deeper understanding of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. The church stands as a witness to all that Jesus has done in history and also that through its work the members are able to come into a personal relationship with the Lord. The child in his/her realms of life comes in contact with lots of individuals and building of relationship with his/her friends is a priority in life. It is in this context that the child's relationship with Jesus Christ needs to be stressed. It is this relationship that enables him to have a foundation in life, a direction to go and a plan and purpose revealed day by day, when one walks and grows in the relationship with Jesus Christ. Today you have people who stress on churchmanship rather than discipleship the aspect of discipleship needs to be stressed so that every member grows in the understanding of Jesus Christ. The growth and understanding in the knowledge of Jesus Christ helps the child also to be like Christ and that is what is the goal in one's life. Finally ones relationship with Jesus Christ helps the sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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individual to witness its faith in the society and that is what is the ultimate level of commitment that the family has to show in its nurturing process. This is the final level of one's priority in life whereby the family trains its members in expressing ones commitment to the society. Often in Christian life there is a dichotomy between the sacred and the secular. Our commitment to the family, church and also to Jesus Christ is never expressed meaningfully and often this is relegated to doing something ritualistic. Our commitment to Jesus Christ has to lead an individual to be a witness to the transforming power of the gospel in the society. Jesus wanted us to be the salt and the light of the earth. What he is expecting is that our faith is translated into action in the society. But somehow this is the one aspect that has not worked out well in the Christian circles. Today if we need to show our Christian commitment to the society we need to live by the kingdom values. Values like honesty, integrity the welfare of other have all taken a back seat. It is in this context that the Christian need to show to the world that there is still hope for the world if it lives by the kingdom values. Hence to live a life according to the principles of the kingdom values is what we need to stress as we nurture our children. Another aspect that also needs to be stressed in our commitment to the society is our responsibility to the less fortunate ones. So it is imperative in Christian life that we need to have a commitment to the welfare of the less fortunate ones. In the earlier times when we take the context of family, there were practices like tithing and also setting apart income for the less fortunate ones, which in the present times parents don't seem to stress on these aspects. The institutions of family, the church, along every individual needs to comprehend that if the society needs to function in a cohesive and effective manner, all these institutions has to discharge its responsibility and do its witness in faithful manner. When the family and church has been a witness to others, it has been able to make significant impact in the lives of every individual. So it is the need of the hour to see to it that the family effectively plays its nurturing function so that every individual in the society goes through a blessed experience in life.

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Po hn- X - Ø n¬ Hcn- ° epw A`n- a p- J o- I - c n°mØ {]iv\-ß-fmWv amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ a°sf hf¿Øp-tºmƒ C∂v t\cn-Sp-∂X - v. am{X-a√ B[p\nI kaq-l-Øn¬ Ip™p-ßƒ hf-cp-∂-Xn-\-\pk-cn®v Ah-cpsS taep≈ kΩ¿±-ßfpw {]tem-`\-ßfpw Gdn-h-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v amXm-]n-Xm°ƒ a°sf t]m‰n-h-f¿Øp-tºmƒ hn`n-∂-amb Hcp hf¿Ø¬ ssien kzo-I-cn-°-Ww. Bflobhpw sshIm-co-Ihpw aqe-ym-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb hf¿® {]m]n-°m≥ DX-Ip∂ Hcp Krlm-¥-co£w a°ƒ°v Hcp-°n-s°m-Sp-°pI amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-X-z-amWv. t]mkn-‰ohv t]c‚nw-Kns‚ e£yw Diana Baumrind F∂ a\x-im-kv{X⁄ {][m\-ambpw 3 Xc-Øn-ep≈ amXm-]n-Xm-°sf°pdn®v {]Zn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p: (a)Authoritarian Parents (GIm[n]-Xy {]-h-W-X-bp-≈ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ): Cu KW-Øn¬ s]Sp∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ I¿i-\-amb N´-ßfpw \nb-a-ßfpw \n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw Ipń-Iƒ Ah \n¿∫-‘-ambpw ]men-°Ww F∂ \ne-]m-Sp-≈h-cp-am-Wv. (b)Permissive Parents (\nb-{¥-W-an-√mØ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ): CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ amXm-]n-Xm°ƒ I¿i-\-amb N´-ßtfm \nb-a-ßtfm H∂pw Xs∂ Ipń-If - psS ta¬ sNep-Øp-Ib - n-√. X∑qew Ipń-Iƒ°v th≠p-thmfw kzm-X-{¥-yhpw emf\bpw e`n-°p-∂p. (c)Authoritative Parents (B[n- I m- c n- I - X bp≈ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ): Cu KW-Øn-¬ s]´ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Xßƒ N´-ßfpw \nb-a-ßfpw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂Xv F¥n\v F∂v Ipń-Isf t_m[-

dh. G{_-lmw- ]n. h¿°n, ]mc-bn¬ (CS-h-Imw-Kw) (Ub-d-IvS¿, CARD)

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h¬°- c n- ° p- I bpw DØ- c - h m- Z n- X - z tØmsSbp≈ kzm- X - { ¥yw Ah¿°v Ft∏mgpw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ê-{]Z-amb c£m-I¿Ør-Xzw km≤--am-Ip-∂Xv AXn- c p- I - S ∂ \nb- { ¥Ww Ipń- I - f psS ta¬ sNep-ØmØ CØ-cØ - n-ep≈ amXm]n- X m- ° fmWv F∂v Diana Baumrind s‚ ]mT-ßƒ hy-‡-am-°p∂p. t]mkn- ‰ ohv t]c‚ nw- K ns‚ {][m- \ s∏´ c≠v e£-y-ßƒ kz-`m-h-ip-≤nbpw Bflob ]cn-t]m-j-W-hp-am-Wv. 1. kz-`m-h-ip≤n {Inbm-fl-I-amb t]c‚nw-Kns‚ {][m\ e£yw kz-`mh D∂-Xn-bm-Wv. Ipń-I-fn¬ kz- ` m- h - i p≤n hf- ¿ - Ø n- s b- S p- t °≠ {]mY-anI A≤-ym-]-I¿ amXm]-]n-Xm-°-fmWv. \ne-hmcw IqSnb hnZ-ym-`y- mk kuI-cyßfpw BI¿j-I-amb hy-‡n-Xz hnIm-kØn-\p≈ km≤-y-X-Ifpw Hs° \¬Ip-∂Xn-ep-]cn amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ {i≤n-t°-≠Xv Cfw-X-e-ap-d-bpsS kz-`mh cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\m-Wv. D¬°r„ kz-`mh khn-ti-j-X-Ifmb kX-y-k-‘-X, hni-z-kvX-X, _lp-am\w, DØ- c - h m- Z n- X zw, \oXn, Icp- X ¬ F∂nh Ipń-Iƒ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ Ah Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-Ibpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNø- W w. 'Raising Great Kids' F∂ hnJ- y mX {KŸ- Ø n¬ tUm. sl‚ n ¢ukpw tUm. tPm¨ Su¨sk‚pw Cßs\ ka¿∞n-°p-∂p: "\n-ßf - psS Ipń-bpsS kz-`mhcq]o-Ic - Ww \S-Øp-tºmƒ \n-ßƒ t]c‚ nw- K ns‚ ImX¬ Is≠- Ø p- ∂ p. Pohn-Xh - n-Pb - Ø - n-\m-hi - y- a - mb ]Wn Bbp[-ß-fpsS Hcp tiJ-cw-˛-ssh-Im-cn-Ihpw

t]mkn-‰ohv t]c‚nw-Kv: ka-Im-eo\ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Bflo-b-hp-amb ssh`-hw-˛-A-XmWv kz-`m-h-khn-ti-jX ]I-cp-∂-Xv'. Hcp hy-‡n-bpsS kz-`m-h-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øns‚ Aÿn-hm-c-an-Sp-∂Xv ssii-h-Øn-em-Wv. At∏mƒ kpc-£n-Xhpw Btcm-K-y-I-c-hp-amb Krlm-¥c - o£w ssiih a\-kp-If - psS kz-`mh hf¿®bv°pw hnIm-kØ - n\pw AX-y¥ - m-t]-£nX-am-Wv. F∂m¬ inYn-e-Kr-l-ß-fn¬ ]nd-∂pho-gp∂ inip-°ƒ `mhn-bn¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ {]iv\ß - f - mbn amdp-sa-∂p-≈X - ns‚ sXfn-hmWv Ipń-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ Ip‰-hm-k-\Iƒ. 2. Bflob ]cn-t]m-jWw c£m-I¿Ør-X-z-Øns‚ as‰mcp ]c-a-amb e£yw a°sf "ssZ- h - Ø ns‚ _me- i n- £ bnepw ]tY-y-m]-tZ-i-Ønepw t]m‰n-h-f¿Øp-I' (F-t^. 6:4) F∂-Xm-Wv. ⁄m\n-bmb itemtam≥ amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSv A\p-im-kn-°p-∂Xv "_m-e≥ \S-t°-≠p∂ hgn-bn¬ Ahs\ A`-ykn-∏n-°' (k-Zr. 22:6) F∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Bflob ]cn-t]m-j-W-Øn-\p≈ ÿe-ambpw ]cn-io-e-\-I-f-cn-bmbpw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ `h\sØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. AtXm-sSm∏w Bflob aqe-y-ßƒ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°m≥ amXm-]n-Xm°fpw {i≤n- ° - W w. amXm- ] n- X m- ° - f psS `‡nbpw \njvTbpw D≈ amXrIm PohnXw inip-lr-Zb - ß - f - n¬ henb kzm-[o\w sNep-Øpw. AsX, amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS ssZh-t_m-[hpw BZ¿i Pohn-Xhpw Ipń-If - n¬ Cui-zc - t- _m[w ssii-h-Øn¬Øs∂ cq]w sIm≈p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°pw. Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvXI - Ø - n¬ ssZhw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v \¬Ip∂ I¬]-\b - psS {]mcw-`-`mKw CXv hy-‡-am-°p-∂p: "C∂p Rm≥ \nt∂mSv I¬]n- ° p∂ Cu hN- \ - ß ƒ \ns‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ Ccn-t°-Ww. \o Ahsb \ns‚ a°ƒ°v D]-tZ-in-®p-sIm-Sp-°-bpw........ thWw' (B-h. 6:6-˛7). B[p-\oI kmt¶-XnIhnZ-y-bpsS IpXn-®pNm´w, hnt\m-tZm-]m[n-If - psS h¿≤-\, kmaq-lnI am[-ya - ß - f - psS kzm-[o-\w, amXm-]n-Xm-°f - psS tPmen-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ Xnc°v Ch aqew `h-\-ß-fn¬ lrZbw Xpd-∂p≈ Bi-b-hn-\n-abhpw IpSpw-_m-cm-[-\bpw \„-s∏-Sp∂p F∂Xv Hcp bmYm¿∞y-am-Wv. CXv aqew IpńIƒ°v e`n- t °≠ Bflob ]cn- t ]m- j Ww e`n-°m-Xn-cn-°p∂p F∂v am{X-a√, Ah¿ \ΩpsS hni-zm-k-Øn¬ \n∂pw BNm-cm-\p-jvTmsbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw k¿tΔm-]cn ssZh-Øn-¬ \n∂pw A\-y-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠p-an-cn°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Cfw-X-e-ap-dsb ssZh-hpambpw Bﬂob aqe-y-ß-fp-ambpw _‘n-∏n°m-\p≈ Hcp "do IW-£≥ I¿Ω-]-≤-Xn' Ip-Spw-_ß - f - n¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ XpS-ßW - w. `h\-ßsf Bﬂob ]cn-t]m-j-W-Øn-s‚bpw a\p-j-y-_-‘-ß-fp-sSbpw ]cn-io-e-\-I-f-cnbmbn am‰p- ∂ Xv t]c‚ nw- K ns‚ ]c- a - a mb e£-y-ambn Gs‰-Sp-°-Ww. 'Let no parents fall into the delution that Sunday School is intended to ease them of their personal duties. The first and most natural condition of things is for parents to train up their own children in the nature and admonition of the Lord'. - Charles Haddon Spurgeon

t]mkn- ‰ ohv t]c‚nw- K n¬ th≠ Hcp khn-ti-jX IqsS kqNn-∏n-°-s´. t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°f - m-hpI "D-®-Øn¬ Rm≥ A`n-\-μn-°pw. Xmgv∂ kzc-Øn¬ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øpw'-˛- tU-hnUv t\msh t{]m’m-l\ - Ø - n-s‚bpw Xncp-Øe - p-If - psSbpw Cu XXzw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ {]mtbmKnI Xe- Ø n¬ hcp- Ø - W w. Hm¿°p- I , Bflm-¿∞-Xbpw kX-yk - ‘ - X - h - p-amb A`n\-μ-\-amWv \ΩpsS a°ƒ°v \¬Im≥ Ignbp∂ G‰hpw henb kΩm-\w. AXv AhcpsS ad-™n-cn-°p∂ Ign-hp-Is - fbpw hmk-\I-sfbpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n®v IqSp-X¬ {]h¿Ø\- £ - a - X - b n- t e°pw t\´- ß - f n- t e°pw FØm≥ {]tNm- Z n- ∏ n- ° pw. Rod Wallance Kennedy Xs‚ hnJ-ym-Xa - mb 'The Encouraging Parenting' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p: "t]c‚nw-Kns‚ ASn-ÿm\ Nmbvhv t{]m’m-l\- a m- W v . t{]m’m- l n- ∏ n- ° pI F∂m¬ DW¿Øp-I, {]t_m-[\w \¬Ip-I, klm-bn°p-I... Fs∂m-s°-bmWv A¿∞-am-°p-∂X - v. k¬t{]- c - W - I ƒ sIm≠v Ip™p- ß - f n¬ {]Xo£ DW¿Øp-hm-≥ km[n-°pw'. t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw {]tNm-Zn-∏n-°pIbpw sNøp∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ \√ hf¿Ø¬ ssien kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Ah¿ Ipń-Iƒ°v hgn-Im-ń-Ifpw, kzbw Is≠Øm≥ Ipń-Isf klm-bn-°p-∂-hcpw, kz¥w Ign-hp-I-sf-bpw Ign-hp-tI-Sp-I-sfbpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn ImWm≥ Ipń-Isf {]m-

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]vX-cm-°p-∂-h-cp-am-Wv. `bm-\-I-amb hn]Øp-Iƒ \ΩpsS Ipń-Iƒ t\cn-Sp∂ C°me-Øv t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v Ah-cpsS Cfw-X-e-ap-dsb kzbw \miØns‚ hgn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc c£n-°m≥ Ign-bpw. kz-`mh cq]o-Ic - W - Ø - nepw Bflob ]cnt]m- j - W - Ø nepw k¨tU- k v I q- f ns‚ ]¶v B[p-\nI kaq-lØ - n¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°fpsS Xnc-°n´ PohnXw aqew `h-\-ß-fn¬ Bflob ]cn-t]m-j-Whpw kz-`mh cq]o-Ic-Whpw Ipd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v k¨tU-kvIq-fns‚ {]k‡n h¿≤n-®n-cn°p-∂p. ssd‰v dh. tUm. kJ-dn-bmkv am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv k{^-K≥ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm, ssd‰v dh. tUm. {KntKmdn-tbmkv am¿ kvtX^m-t\mkv F∏n-kvtIm∏m XpS-ßnb ta¬∏-´° - m-scbpw {]K-¤c - mb ]e ]´-°mscbpw Aflmb t\Xm-°-tfbpw hm¿sØSpØ sbcp-itew am¿tØmΩm k¨tUkvIq-fn¬ ]Tn-°m≥ Ign-™Xv Hcp `mK-yambn Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. Fs‚ _me-y-Ime kvac-W-I-fn¬ G‰hpw ap∂n¬ \n¬°p∂Xv k¨tU-kvIqƒ A\p-`-h-ß-fm-Wv. F√m Rmb-dm-gvNbpw D®-I-gn™v 1.30 \v Fw.-‰n.-F¬.-]n.-kvIq-fnem-bn-cp∂p k¨tUkv I qƒ \S- ∂ n- c p- ∂ - X v . sbcp- i tew am¿tØm-Ωm CS-hI hnIm-cn-am-cm-bn-cp∂ F√m ]´- ° mcpw k¨tU- k v I q- ƒ ]Xn- h mbn kμ¿in-°p-Ibpw {InkvXp hni-zm-k-Øn-eSn-bp-d® Pohn-X-Øn-\p-S-a-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xn\v Rßsf {]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpam-bn-cp-∂p. Ime-b-h-\n-I-bv°p-≈n¬ ad™ t{ijvT-cmb Hcp]‰w A≤-ym-]I¿ C∂pw Hm-¿Ω-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. Ifn-bv°se sIm®p-ÆpÆn km¿, ]gb Xe-ap-db - nse A-≤y- m]-I-\mb πm∏p-tgsØ tPm¿÷v km-dns\ A\p-kva-cn-®p-sIm≠v "Fs‚ Bbp-kn≥ Zn\-sam-s°bpw Xs‚ \ma- a-l-X-z-Øn-\mbn Hcp ssIØn-cn- t]m¬ IØn-sb-cn-s™m-cn-°¬ Xncp- am-dn¬ ad-™n´pw Rm≥' F∂v IÆo-tcmsS k¨tU-kvIq-fn¬ ]mSn-bXv C∂pw Hm¿Ω-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-

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∂p. Fs‚ amXmhv ]n.- h n. Gen- b m- Ω bpw k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤-ym-]n-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]Xnhmbn k¨tU-kvIq-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m\pw a\:-]mT-hm-I-y-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-hm\pw Fs‚ AΩ Fs∂ \nc-¥cw D’m-ln-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ Fs‚ aqØ ktlm-Z-c≥ tPm-¨ ]n. h¿°n AΩsb ]n≥Xp-S¿∂v k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤-ym-]-I-\mbn {]h¿-Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. k¨tU-kvIqƒ ¢m p-Iƒ°v tijw _me-P-\-k-Jyw IqSpI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. ]mTw-hm-b\, ]m´v, hmI-yw-sNm-√¬ XpS-ßn-b-hbv°v _meP-\-k-J-y-Øn¬ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. shcn. dh. sI.-H. ^nen-t∏mkv A®≥ ip{iqj sN-øp∂ ka-bØv hmIyw sNm√-en-\mbn tdma¿ 12, 2 Xn-sam-sY-tbmkv 2 F∂o A≤-ym-bß - ƒ a\:]mTw ]Tn®v sNm√m≥ Bh-iy- s - ∏-´p. B A≤-ymb- ß ƒ C∂pw a\:- ] m- T - a mbn a\- n¬ Xßn\n¬°p- ∂ p. AXp- s Im≠v thZ- ] p- k v X - I - Ø nte°pw {]m¿∞- \ - b n- t e°pw `‡n- K m- \ - Ø nte°pw Hs° Fs∂ ssI]n-Sn-®p-b¿Øn-bXv sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqfpw ka¿∏n-X-cmb A≤-ym-]I - c - p-am-Wv. C∂pw B Zo]w AW-bmsX XeapdX-e-ap-d-bmbv CS-h-Ibn¬ \n∂pw ]esc k`m ip{iq-j-bv°mbn Hcp-°n Ab-bv°p-hm≥ \ΩpsS k¨tU- k v I q- f n- e qsS km[n- ° p∂p F∂-tXm¿Øv ssZh-Øn\v kvtXm{Xw sNøp-∂p. k¨tU-kvIq-fn¬ A`-y-kn-®n-cp∂ ktlmZc kv t \l- h pw, ]¶n- S epw ]mc- k v ] - c - y - X bpw Hs° Fs‚ Iq´p-Ip-Spw_ ]Om-Ø-e-Ønepw Ab¬∏-° _‘-ßf - nepw I≠p hf-cp-hm≥ CSbm-bXv ssiih {]mb-Øn¬ Hcp-]mSv kzm-[o\hpw {]-tNm-Z-\hpw F\n°v \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. itXm-Øc kph-¿Æ Pq_nen BtLm-jn-°p∂ sbcp-itew am¿-tØmΩm k¨tU-kvIq-fn\v C∂sØ sh√p-hn-fn-Isf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn®v aqe-yt_m-[-ap≈ Xe-ap-d-Isf XpS¿∂pw hm¿sØ-Sp°m≥ Ign-bs´ F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p∂p, Biw-kn°p-∂p. Ip™p- ß - f psS hf¿®- b n¬ kz- ` m- h - i p≤nbv°v Du∂¬ \evIp-∂-hcpw Bﬂob ]cnt]m-j-W-Øn¬ {i≤-bp-≈-hcpw sNdnb Imc-yßƒ-°pt]mepw Ahsc t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-hcmbn amXm-]n-Xm-°sf, A≤-ym-]-Isc \ap°v amdmw. itXm-Øc kph¿Æ Pq_nen sIm≠mSp∂ sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIq-fn\v k¿Δ \∑Ifpw t\cp-∂p.

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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aqe-y-t_m-[-ap≈ Hcp Xe-ap-dsb hm¿sØ-Sp-°m≥

kmeΩ tbml-∂m≥, am¥-db - n¬ (slUvan-kv{S-kv, N°m-´p-t»cn sk‚v t]mƒkv k¨tU-kvIqƒ)

""_me≥ \S-t°-≠p∂ hgn-bn¬ Ahs\ A`y-kn-∏n-°. Ah≥ hr≤-\m-bmepw AXp- hn´pamdp-I-bn-√'' (k-Zr. 22:6). Xncph-N-\-Ønse AXn-a-[p-c-amb Cu thZ-hm-Iyw Ip™p-ßsf icn-bmb ]mXbn¬ ]cn-io-en-∏n-t°-≠-Xns‚ A\n-hm-cyXsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. A\-\y- k - p-μc - a - m-bXpw kz-`m-h-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw Hcp Ime-L-´amWv _me-y-Im-ew. at\m-l-c-amb Cu _mey-Im-eL - ´w Hcp Xqsh-≈t- ]-∏¿ t]mse-bmWv. AXn¬ Hcp Xp≈n ajn hoWm¬ ]S-cp∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv \ΩpsS ioe-ßfpw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv "sNm´-bnse ioew NpSe hsc' F∂v ]g-a-°mcpw

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

""-sN-dp-∏-Im-e-ß-fn-ep≈ ioew ad-°ptam am\p-j-\p≈ Imew'' F∂ ae-bmf ]g-sam-gnbpw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. hm\Øn¬ Xmc-KW - ß - ƒ an∂n-Øn-fß - p∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv \ΩpsS k¨tU-kvIqƒ Ip™p-ßƒ. Hmtcm Ip™pw ssZh-Øns‚ hne-tb-dnb Zm\-am-Wv. k`-bpsS apØpw cm{„Øns‚ kz- Ø p- a mWv Ip™p- ß ƒ. ssZhw Zm\- a mbn \¬In- b n- c n- ° p∂ Ip™p- ß sf aqey-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-cmbn ssZhoI ]cn-⁄m-\Øn¬ hf¿Øp-hm\pw Ah-cpsS Bﬂob ]cnt]m-jW - Ø - n\pw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°pw AtXmsSm∏w k¨tU- k v I qƒ A≤- y m- ] - I ¿°pw henb ]¶p-≠v. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS \nb-{¥-W-Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°p∂ Ime-L´- Ø - n-\p-≈n¬ Ip™p-ßƒ Bﬂo-bI - m-cy- ß - f - n¬ Adn-hp-≈h - c - mbn ssZhh-N-\-Øn¬ {Kml-y-ap-≈-h-cm-Ip-hm≥ amXm-]nXm- ° ƒ {i≤n- ° - W w. Aßs\ ssZh- \ n- b {¥nXamb Pnhn-X-Øn\v DS-a-Iƒ Bb-tijw Ah¿ temI-Øn-te°v Cd-ßn-bm¬ temI-Imc-yß - f - n¬ B{i-bn-°p-It- bm, ssZhsØ ad∂v {]h¿Øn-°p-Itbm C√. IpSpw-_-{]m¿∞\ apS°w IqSmsX \S-Øp-∂Xpw Ip™p-ßsf ssZh-hN - \w ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ I¿Ø-h-y-ambn Gs‰-Sp-°-Ww.

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Hmtcm Ipńtbbpw Ipdn®v henb ]≤Xn Xs‚ a\- n¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-®-ti-jamWv ssZhw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-tcbpw Cu `qan-bnte°v Ab-bv°p-∂-Xv. Ipń-Iƒ Hcp kaq-lØns‚ kzm- [ o- \ - Ø n- e mWv hf- t c- ≠ - X v . Ahsc aqe-y-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-cm°n Xo¿°phm≥ k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤-ym-]-Icpw \√ amXr-I-Iƒ Im´p∂-h¿ Bbn-cn-°-Ww. thtcm-´-ap≈ hr£-ßƒ°p am{Xta alm- a - c - ß - f mbn hf¿∂v a‰p- ≈ - h ¿°v XWepw \√ êhpw \¬Im-\m-Iq. \ΩpsS Ip™p-ßfpw \√ ASn-ÿm-\-ap-≈-h-cmbn hf¿s∂-¶n¬ am{Xta a‰p-≈-h¿°v \∑bpw \√ êhpw \¬Ip-hm≥ km[n-°p-Ib - p-≈p. B[p-\nI am[-y-a-ßfpw kuI-c-y-ßfpw Ahsc euIoI Imc-y-ß-fn¬ BIr-„-cm-°pIbpw ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂v AI-‰n-°f - b - p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Hcp kpc-£n-XX - z- hpw C√mØ A¥- c o- £ - Ø n- e mWv \ΩpsS Ip™p- ß ƒ k©-cn-°p-∂X - v. Ah¿ Bflo-bcpw k¬kz`m-hn-Ifpw BIp-hm≥ aqe-y-h-Ømb Pohn-XØns‚ ASn-Ød kr„n-°p∂ hnZym-`y- mkw Ah¿°m-h-i-y-am-Wv. B hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-amWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`-ym-kw. hy-‡n-Isf {InkvXp-hn-\p-≈-h-cm°n hoSn\pw \mSn\pw sIm≈m-hp-∂-h-cm°n k¿tΔm-]cn ssZh\ma al-X-z-Øn-\m°n Xo¿°p∂ {Iam-\p-KX-amb {]{In-bb - mWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ hnZ-ym`-ymkw aptJ\ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Cu aqe-yt_m[w Ipń-Iƒ°v e`n-t°-≠Xv k¨tUkvIqƒ A≤-ym-]-I-cn¬ \n∂p-am-Wv. ""-k-zm¿∞X sIm≠v aeo-a-k-am-Ipao ]m¿Øew X∂n¬ Ign-bp-hm≥ høn-\n'' F∂ alm-Ihn Nß-ºp-g-bpsS Bfls\m-ºcw h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn¬ {]k-‡amWv. {]£p-œ-amb Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ h¿≤n-®p-hc - p∂ ka-ky- I - ƒ°p \Sp-hn¬ kXyta-Xv? anY-y-tb-Xv? F∂p a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-bmØ Hc-h-ÿ-bn-te°v \ΩpsS Nn¥ma-fi-e-ßƒ ]cn-W-an-®n-cn-°p-∂p. 84˛mw k¶o¿Ø\w 5˛mw hmIyw C{]Imcw ]d-bp∂p: ""_ew \n∂n- e p≈ a\pjy≥ `mK- y hm≥ Cß-s\-bp-≈h - c - psS a\- n¬ kotbm\n-te-°p≈ s]cp-h-gn-Iƒ D≠v''. Cu _ew kr„ns®Sp-°p-hm\pw Ahs\ \nXy-Po-h-\n-

148

amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS \nb-{¥-WØn¬ Bbn-cn-°p∂ Ime-L-´Øn-\p-≈n¬ Ip™p-ßƒ Bﬂo-b-Im-c-y-ß-fn¬ Adn-hp-≈h-cmbn ssZh-h-N-\-Øn¬ {Kml-y-ap-≈-h-cm-Ip-hm≥ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ {i≤n-°-Ww. te°pw \bn-°p-hm≥ k¨tU-kvIq-fn\p Ign-bp-∂p. ⁄m\-ap≈ aI≥ A∏s\ kt¥mjn- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ p (kZr. 10:1). `h- \ - Ø nepw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°pw kt¥mj-ap-≠m-IW - sa- ¶ n¬ ⁄m\w thWw. cho- { μ- \ mY SmtKm-dns‚ KoXm-RvP-en-bn¬ C{]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p. ""-F-hnsS a\kv \n¿`-b-ambpw inckv D∂- X - a mbpw ⁄m\w kz- X - { ¥- a mbpw \n¬°p-∂p-thm'' AtX, B kz-X-{¥-amb ⁄m\w k¨tU-kvIqƒ A`-y-k\w aptJ\ e`n-°p∂-XmWv. ChnsS \n∂pw DØ-a-in-£Ww e`n®v hf- c p∂ Ip´n Hcn- ° epw \in- ° bn√. Ah≥ aqe-y-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-\mIpw F∂Xv ]c-a-amb bmYm¿∞-y-am-Wv. PohnX-Øns‚ thZ-\n-°p∂ Ime-L-´-Ønepw PohnX kmbm-”Ø - nepw Ahs\ Xtem-Snsb-Øp-∂Xv Xncp-h-N-\-Øns‚ Ipfn¿Ω Bbn- c n- ° pw. B kX- y - ß - f psS hnØv Ahs‚ a\- n¬ hn-X-°p-∂Xv k¨tUkvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv. Ime- Ø ns‚ bh- \ n- I - ° p- ≈ n¬ Hmtcm h¿jhpw ]n∂n-Sp-tºmgpw am‰-Øns‚ N{Iw Id-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ hnkvt^m-S-I-c-amb Hcp temI-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv \mw IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂-Xv. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn¬ shdpw CØnƒI-Æn-Iƒ BIp-hm-\√ adn®v ssZh-Ir-]b - n¬ aqe-yt- _m-[a - p≈ Hcp Xe-ap-dsb hm¿sØ-Sp-°pI F∂-XmWv amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw A≤-ym-]I - cpw sNtø-≠Xv. AXm-bn-cn-°s´ \ΩpsS e£yw. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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Ab-bv°tW a°tf.... -a-S°n Abbv°mw ssZh-a-°-fmbn Hcn-°¬ aZ¿sXtck hgn-h-°n¬ hrW-_m-[n-X-\mb Hcp a\p-jys\ F- S pØv Xs‚ ip{iqjmÿeØv sIm-≠p-sN-∂m-°n. Ah\v Bh-iy-amb F√m ]cn-N-c-Whpw \¬In. Nne Znh-k-ßƒ ]n∂n-´-t∏mƒ Ah≥ ackmdmΩ h¿§o-kv W-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ acn-°p-∂X - n\v sXm]´-ap-°n¬ ´p ap≥]v Ahs‚ apJØv Hcp {]Im-i(A≤-ym-]nI, sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ) {]`mhw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ac-W-tØmSSpØ ka-bØv Ah≥ aZ-dns‚ IcF¥n-\mWv k¨tUkvIq-fn¬ ß-ƒ ]nSn-®n´v Cßs\ ]d™p "I Ipń-Isf Ab-bv°p-∂Xv? F¥mWv A- came here as a begger, But I am going as Xns‚ KpWw... \mw \nc-¥-c-ambn tIƒ- an Angel” Rm≥ Chn- t S°v h∂Xv °p-∂ As√-¶n¬ tNmZn-°p∂ Hcp tNm- H∂pan√mØ Hcp Zcn-{Z-\m-bn-´m-Wv, Zy-am-Wn-Xv. Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fn¬ ]T-\m-\p- F∂m¬ Rm≥ Cu temIwhnSp-∂Xv _‘ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Dt]-£n®v k¨- Hcp amem- J - s b- t ∏msebmWv. tU--kvIq-fn¬ hcp-∂Xv A{Xbv°pw Im- k¨tU-kvIqƒA`y-k-\hpw Ipń-Icy-ap≈ Imcy-amtWm? C∂sØ Ime- fn¬ Df-hm-°p-∂Xv kam-\-amb Hcp Øv Adnhv t\Sn, tPmen kºm-Zn-®p, i- ]cn-h¿-Ø\ -- -am-Wv. º-fw hmßn kpc-£n-X-amb `mhn cq]{Ko°v XXz- N n- ¥ - I - \ mb Acns∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xt√ _p≤n... Cu tNmZy- tÃm--ń¬ a\pjy a\- p-I-sf-°p-dn®v ßƒ°p≈ DØ-c-amWv Cu teJ\w. ]d- ™ Xv C{]- I m- c - a m- W v , “It is an sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

unscribed tablet”. B[p-\nI ImeØn¬ cq]-s∏´ “Tabula rasa” F∂ Nn¥bpw Cu [mc-W-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv. H-cphy‡n P\n-°p-tºmƒ Abm-fpsS B-f-Xzhpw a\- p-sa√mw iq\y-am-Wv. I≠p-ap-´-ep-Ifpw tIƒhnbpw A\p-`-hß-fp-amWv Hcm-fpsS hy‡n-XzsØ cq]oI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H∂p-an-√msX iq\y-ambn Cu `qan-bn¬ ]nd-∂p-ho-gp∂ Ip™pßƒ°v ssZhoIi_vZw temI-tØmSv ]d- b p∂ amem- J - a m¿ Bbn- Ø o- c p- h m\p≈ aqey-t_m-[-ßƒ krjvSn-°p∂ CS- a mWv k¨tU- k v I qƒ. k¨- t UkvIqƒ A`y-k-\-Øn-eqsS ssZh-cmPyaqey-ßƒ Ipń-I-fn¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n-°phm≥ km[n-°p∂p F∂Xv {it≤-b-amWv. AXp-sIm≠v k¨tU-kvIqƒ Hcp ]mT- i me A√, AXv Hcp {Inbm- fl I CSamWv (Creative Space) 1. ⁄m\w t\Sp∂ CSamWv 12˛mw hb- n¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmsSm∏w sbcp-itew tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ s]klm s]cp-∂m-fn-\mbn t]mb tbip-hns\-°p-dn®v hn. eqt°mkv kphn-ti-j-I≥ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v (hn. eqt°m. 2:41˛52). ssZhm- e - b - Ø n¬ t]mbnaS- ß ptºm-gmWv amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp∂Xv _me≥ Xß-tfmSv IqsS C√ F∂v. Iq´-Øn¬ ImWpw F∂v IcpXn Ah¿ IptdZqcw bm{X-sN-bvXn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ah≥ Ah-tcm-Sp-IqsS C√m-bn-cp∂p. C∂ns‚ PohnX A\p-`-h-ßfpw hyX-ykvX-a-√. Ipń-Iƒ Xß-fpsS IqsSbp≠v F∂ hnNm-c-Øn¬ \mw aptºm´v t]mIp-I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ \Ωƒt]mepw Adn-bm-sX-bmWv \ΩpsS hnc-ep-Iƒ°nS-bn-eqsS Ah¿ \jvS-am-Ip-∂-Xv. ]{X-am[y-a-ß-fn-eqsS \mw hmbn-°p∂ kw`-hßƒ F{Xtbm `bm-\-I-am-Wv. Kuc-h-amb Nne- \n- c o- £ - W - ß ƒ Ipń- I - f psS hf¿®-bn¬ D≠m-I-Ww (Screening). Hfn™p-t\m-´-a-√, adn®v Ah¿ ⁄m\-Ønepw Ir]-bnepw apXn¿∂p- h-cpt∂m Fs∂mcp \nco-£-Ww. AXn\v Nne aS-°bm-{X-Iƒ Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°mw, Nne At\z- j - W - ß ƒ Bh- i y- a m- b n- c n- ° mw.

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tbip-hns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Ah¿ h∂ hgntb XncnsI \S-∂p. k¨tU-kvIq-fn-eqsS Cu hn[ap≈ At\-z-j-W-ßfpw \nco-£-W-ßfpw XncpØ-ep-Ifpw \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂p. sNdp∏w apXte ssZhoI ⁄m\-Øn¬ hf¿∂p-h∂ tbip Kpcp-°-∑m-cpsS at≤y-bn-cp∂v ]T-\Ø - n-em-bn-cp-∂p. \jvSs - ∏-Sm-\p≈ km[yX-Iƒ [mcfw D≈ Cu temI-Øn¬ ssZhoI in£-W-Øn¬ hf¿Ø-s∏-Sp∂ Ip™p-ßƒ ssZhoI ⁄m\-Ønepw Ir]-bnepw apXn¿∂p-hcpw. Ahsc Iq´-Øn¬ I≠n-s√-¶nepw...-\-jvS-ambn-t∏mIn√. Cu hn[- a p≈ ⁄m\kt¶- X - a mWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ. \mw Pohn-°p∂ temIw Xa- ns\ Bt«-jn-°p∂ temI-amWv. AXns‚ \Sphn¬ ⁄m\-Øns‚ shfn®w Ip™p-ß-fn¬ ]I-cp∂ CS-ß-fmWv k¨-tU-kvIqƒ. 2. km[-y-X-Isf Is≠-Øp∂ CSw tbip I¿Øm-hns‚ ]ckyip{iq-j-bnse G-‰hpw {it≤-b-amb Hcp AS-bm-f-am-bn-cp∂p A©∏w sIm≠v Aøm-bncw t]tc t]mjn-∏n® kw`hw. AhnsS \n¿Æm-b-I-ambn \mw ImWp∂ Hcp _me-\p-≠v. AXp-t]mseXs∂ {it≤-bamb Hcp km∂n-[y-amWv A{¥-tbm-kn-t‚-Xv. P\ßƒ°v `£n-∏m-\p≈ km[y-XI - sf At\z-jn® kml-N-cy-Øn¬ A{¥-tbm-kmWv B _mes\ tbip-hns‚ Acn-In-te°v B\-bn-°p-∂-Xv. Ahs‚ ]°- e p≈ km[y- X - I sf A{¥- t bmkv tbip-hns‚ ap∂n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. A©∏hpw c≠p-ao\pw Ahs‚ ssIøn¬ D≠m-bncp∂ km[y-Xsb s]mXp-\-∑-bv°mbv ssZh-I-cß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-hm≥ A{¥-tbmkv Imc-Wa - mIp-∂p. \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn k¨tU-kvIq-fn-s‚bpw ip{iqj CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Ip™p-ß-fnse km[y-X-I-sf Is≠Øn AXv s]mXp\∑-bv°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ X°-hÆw Ahsc ssZh-hpambn _‘n-∏n-°p-I. AXn-eqsS Hcp ]t£ Hcp h-enb P\-X-bmIpw A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-Sp-I. kaql-Øns‚ hf¿®bv°pw KpW-]-c-amb hnI-k-\Øn\pw DX-Ip∂ Xc-Øn¬ Ip™p-ß-fpsS aqey-t_m-[-ßfpw k¿K-ti-jnbpw km[yX-Ifpw Is≠Øn AXv hnI-kn-∏n-°p-hm≥ t{]m’m-ln∏n-°p∂ CS-amWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ. ChnsS B _me-I-\n¬ ]¶n-S-ens‚ Hcp aqey-t_m[w IqSn h∂p-tN-cp-I-bm-Wv. Cu kw`-h-Øn-eqsS Crisis sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

150

1870 - 2020

management am{X-a√ Ah≥ ]Tn-®n-´p-≠m-Ip-I,

Ahs‚ ssZhm-{i-b- t_m-[hpw ssZh-t_m-[hpw ]¶p- h - b v ° - e ns‚ [\y- X bpw Aßs\ F{X F{X A\p-`h-ßƒ. k¨tU-kvIqƒ Hcp Bridge Builder BWv. AXn-eqsS Ipń-I-fpsS ‘Resources’ s]mXp-\-∑-bv°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ X°-hn[w ssZh-k∂ - n-[n-bn¬ A¿∏n-°p-∂p. 3. Xncn-®-dn-hns‚ CS-amWv ]g-b-\n-ba ]pkvX-I-Ønse G‰hpw {it≤-b-\mb hy‡n-bmWv Zmho-Zv. Bń-S-b-\mb _me-I≥ Hcp cmPy-Øns‚ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn amdn-bXv \ap°v ]cn-Nn-X-am-Wv. tKmeymØv F∂ sênkvXya√s\ Iogvs∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Xøm-dm-Ip∂ Zmho-Zns\ \mw ImWp-∂p. X±-h-k-c-Øn¬ t]mcm-´-Øn\v Bh-iyamb ]S-®´ Zmho-Zns\ iu¬cmPmhv AWn-bn°p-∂p. At∏mƒ ZmhoZv ]d-bp∂ hmNIw {it≤-b-am-Wv. “Rm≥ CXv ioen-®n-ń√”. ioe-an√m-Ø, ioen-®n-ń-√mØ Pohn-XØ - n\v CW-ßmØ kz`m-h-ß-tfmSv Nne {]Xn-tcm[w G¿s∏-SpØp-hm-\p≈ Xncn-®-dnhv e`n-°p∂ CS-amWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ. Nne-sXms° th≠ F∂pw Nne-Xn-t\mSv hnShv ]pe¿Øp-hm\pw Ipń-If - n¬ aqey- t _m[w \¬Ip- h m≥ k¨tU- k v I qƒ klm-b-I-c-am-Ip-∂p. sNdnbsNdnb sX‰p-Iƒ henb Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ°v Imc-Wa - m-Ip∂p F∂Xp-t]mseXs∂ sNdnbsNdnb \∑-Iƒ henb \∑-Iƒ \¬Ip-hm-\p≈ t{]cW \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. AXp- s Im≠v Pohn- X - Ø ns‚ k©m- c - Ø n\v hne°w krjvSn-°p∂ ka-ky-It- fmSv Kuc-hI - c-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \S-Øp-hm≥ Ipń-Iƒ A`y-kn-°-Ww. AXn\v {]tNm-Z-\-am-Ip∂ CSamWv k¨tU-kvIqƒ. ssZh-h-N-\m-Sn-ÿm-\Øn¬ ]c-kv]cw kvt\ln-°p-hm\pw Icp-Xphm\pw _lp-am-\n-°p-hm\pw Ipń-Iƒ A`y-kn°p-∂p. sX‰vF¥v, icnF¥v F∂p≈ Xncn-®d - nhp-Iƒ Ah¿°v e`n-°p-∂p. AXv kvIqfnepw e`n- ° nt√ F∂v tNmZn- ° p- ∂ - h - c p- ≠ v . Hcp ]cn[nhsc AXv icn-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Hu]-Nmcn-I-amb hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-eqsS _u≤o-I-amb hnI-k-\-amWv IqSp-X¬ tI{μo-Ir-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Ip™p-ß-fpsS Bflo-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb hnIm-k-Øn\v GsdKpW-]-c-amWv {InkvXob hnZym-`ymkime-Iƒ. anem≥ Iptμc Fgp-Xnb Hcp t\mh-ens‚ Xe-s°´v "The Festival of insignificance” F∂msbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

Wv. C∂v {][m-\-am-bXv ]eXpw A{]-k‡hpw A{X Kuc- h - a - √ m- Ø Xv Hcp- ] mSv AtLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ime-amWv . AXp- s Im≠v X s∂ Cu Ime- L ´w AXohkqjv a - X - t bmsS Pohn- ° p- h m≥ \tΩmSv Blzm\w sNøp-∂p. ]oV-\ß - fpw sIme-]m-XI - ß - fpw A{I-aß - fpw Bk-‡nIfpw _‘-ß-fpsS inYn-eo-I-c-W-Øn\pw \n¿hn-Im-c-Xbpw ...-A-ßs\ ....-F-s¥-√m-amWv Cu ImesØ `oI-ca - m-°p-∂Xv. CXns‚ \Sp-hn¬ ""kz¿t§-knw-lm-k\w Np‰p∂'' _me- I - t cmsSmØv ssZhsØ kv X pXn°p∂ Xe-ap-dsb hm¿sØ-Sp-°p∂ kpIrX-am-Wv k¨tU-kvIqƒ. \ap°v \¬Ip-hm≥ hmfp-I-fn-√, Bbp-[-ßƒ C√.... hN-\-{]-Im-ihpw ssZhm{i-b -t_m-[yhpw AXn-eqsS ssZh-Ir-]-bp≈ Xe- a p- d sb \ap°v hm¿sØ- S p- ° mw. ssZh- Ø ns‚ kz]v \ - Ø n¬ ]¶p- t N- c mw. kI- e - k r- j v S n- b p- t Sbpw hos≠- S p∏pw \∑bpw c£-bp-a√msX F¥m-Ip∂p ssZhØns‚ Bi. ssZh- Ø ns‚ Bibv ° pw {]Xym-ibv°pw HØv Db-cp-hm≥ \ΩpsS Ipcp-∂p-Isf k÷-cm-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AXn\m¬ Dt]£ hnNm-cn-°-cp-tX.... Abbv-°Ww a°tf....-a-S°n Abbv°mw ssZh-a-°-fmbn.

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

bphm-°sf \mw icn-bmb ]mX-bn-tem? tkmjy¬ aoUn-bbv°pw bqSyq-_n\pw ASn-a-s∏´p ssZh-

t_m¨kn kmdm _m_p, ASn-hm-°¬ (A≤-ym-]n-I, N°m-´p-t»cn sk‚v t]mƒkv k¨tU-kvIqƒ)

152

Øn¬ \n∂pw {InkvXob hni-zm-k-Øn¬ \n∂pw AI-∂p-t]mIp∂ Rm≥ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ Xe-ap-dbv°v ssZh-Øn-¶t- e°v ASp°p-hm\pw Xncn™p Nn¥n-°p-hm\pw th≠n bph-X-e-ap-d-tbmSv thZ-]p-kvXIw Bl-zm\w sNbvX Ffnb Nne Nn¥-I-fn-te°v Xncn-™p-t\m-°p-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. Xnc-°p-\n-d™ Pohn-X-Øn¬ \mw kz-¥w amXm-]n-Xm-°tfbpw Ah-tcm-Sp≈ DØ-ch - m-Zn-Xz- t- Øbpw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p-thm? thZ-]p-kvXIw \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ""-\n-\°p \∑ D≠m-°phm\pw \o `qan-bn¬ Zo¿Lm-bp-t m-Sn-cn-∏m\pw \ns‚ A∏-s\bpw AΩ-sbbpw _lp-am-\n° F∂Xv hmKvZØ - t- Øm-Sp-Iq-Snb BZyI-ev]\ BIp-∂p'' (F-s^. 6:1-˛3). \ΩpsS `mc-Xob kwkvImchpw \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv as‰m-∂-√. ""-am-Xm-]nXm Kpcp ssZhw'' F∂m-Wv. amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSpw Kpcp-°-∑m-tcmSpw D≈ DØ-c-hmZn-Xzw Ign-™m¬ \Ωƒ°v kaq-lØ - n¬ IS-∏mSv D≈Xv \ΩpsS kplr-Øp-°-tfm-Sm-Wv. ""-B-Nm-c-yØv ]mZ-am-ZsØ, ]mZw kZv{_-“-Nm-cn-t`-ym, ]mZw injy kz-ta-Z-bm, ]mZw Ime{I-ta-W-Xp''. \mw Cu temIØv t\Snb Adn-hn¬ \men¬ H∂n\p \ΩpsS kplr-Øp-°-tfmSv IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. thZ-]p-kvXI ASn-ÿm-\Øn¬ \ym-b-{]-amWw apgp-h≥ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ c≠p Iev]-\I-fn¬ H∂p ""-Iq-´p-Im-cs\ \ns∂-t∏m-se-Xs∂ kvt\ln-°-Ww'' (a- Ø m. 22:39) F∂- X m- W v . bph- X - e - a p- d - b psS {]Xo- I - a mb XnsamsYsbm-kn\v As∏m-kvXe - \ - mb hnip≤ s]usemkv FgpXnb teJ-\-Øn¬ ka-Im-eoI {]k-‡n-bp≈ D]-tZ-i-ß-fmWv \¬Ip-∂-Xv. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

""-B-I-bm¬ ]pcp-j-∑m¿ F√m-SØpw tIm]hpw hmK-zm-Zhpw hn´-I∂p hnip≤ ssI-Isf Db¿Øn {]m¿∞n-°Ww F∂p Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. AhÆw kv{Xo-Ifpw tbmK-y-amb hkv{Xw [cn®p e÷m-ioe- t ØmSpw kpt_m- [ - t ØmSpw IqsS Xßsf Ae-¶-cn-t°-Ww. ]n∂n-b Xe-ap-Sn, s]m-∂v, apØv hne-tb-dnb hkv{Xw F∂n-hsIm-≠-√, ssZh-`-‡n-sb kzo-I-cn-°p∂ kv{XoIƒ°v DNn-X-am-Ipw-hÆw k¬{]-hrØn-Isfs°m≠s{X Ae-¶c - n-t°-≠X - v'' (1 Xnsam. 2:8-˛10) ""-Bc - pw \ns‚ buh\w Xp—o-Ic - n-°c - pXv; hm°nepw \S-∏nepw kvt\l-Ønepw hni-zm-kØ - nepw \n¿ΩeX-bnepw hni-zm-knIƒ°p amXr-I-bm-bn-cn-°'' (1 Xnsam. 4:12). ""- a q- Ø - h s\ `¿’n- ° msX A∏- s \t∏m-sebpw Cf-bh - sc ktlm-Zc - ∑ - m-sc-t∏msebpw aqØ kv{XoIsf AΩ-am-sc-t∏msebpw Cfb kv{XoIsf ]q¿Æ-\n¿Ω-eX - tbmsS ktlm-Zc - n-Is - f-t∏m-sebpw {]t_m[n-∏n-°. km£m¬ hn[-h-am-cm-bn-cn-°p∂ hn[-h-amsc am\n-°'' (1 Xnsam. 5:1-˛3). Ctøm_v Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse \·- c mbn \mw AΩ- b psS K¿`- Ø n¬ \n∂pw ]n-d∂p F∂pw \·-cmbn Xs∂ aSßn-t∏mIpw F∂pw kZm Hm¿Øn-cn-t°-≠Xm-Wv. `K-hX - vKo-Xb - n¬ ]d-bp-∂Xpw as‰m∂p-a-√. ""-\n-ß-ƒ t\Sn-b-sX√mw \nßƒ°v ChnsS \n∂v e`n-®-Xm-Wv. \nßƒ°p-≈sX√mw Chn-sS-\n∂v t\Sn-b-Xm-Wv. C∂v \nßƒ°p- ≈ - s X√mw C∂se a‰m- c psStbm Bbn-cp-∂p. \msf AXv a‰m-cp-tStbm BIpw''. temIhpw AXns‚ tam-lß - fpw Hgn-™p-t]m-Ipw. ssZh-C„w sNøp-∂hscm \ne-\n-ev°pw. F¥mWv ssZh C„w? Cu temI-Øn\v A\p-cq-]-cm-ImsX I¿-Øm-hns‚ lnXw Pohn-X-Øn¬ \nh¿Øn-°p-I. bphm-°f - mb \mw \ΩpsS Adn-hntem kº-Øntem Btcm-K-y-Øntem A[n-Im-cØntem Al-¶c - n-°msX \mw sNøp∂ Hmtcm {]hr-Øn-bnepw Zmho-Zns‚ k¥-Xn-bmbn acn--®n´v Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰n-cn°p∂ tbip{I-n-kvXp-hns\ Hm¿Øp-sIm-t≈-≠-Xm-Ip∂p. AXn-\mbn ssZhw \sΩ Hmtcm-cp-Øscbpw i‡o-I-cn-°s´. sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

150

1870 - 2020

{InÃn amXyp _nt\mbv, aW-∏-d-ºn¬ (k¨tUkvIqƒ hnZym¿∞n)

Fs‚ AΩ Hcp Xp≈n IÆo-cn¬ Hcm-bncw kvt\l-Øn≥ Icp-W-Iƒ XqIp-sa‚Ω Hscm‰ t\m´-Øn-se≥ lrZ-b-Øn≥ s\mºcw Adn-bp-s∂m-cmƒ Fs‚ AΩ I√p-t]m¬ ITn-\amw lrZ-bsØ sagp-Ip-t]m¬ Dcp-°oSpw Fs‚ AΩ F{Xtbm ZpxJ-ßƒ a\- n¬ HXp°pw im¥-k-z-cq-]nWn F≥ AΩ Is√m∂p X´n-bm¬ hoWp-I-c-™m¬ HmSn-h-cp-sas‚ AΩ sX‰n-te°v Nmbp-tºmƒ t\cns‚ ]mX-bn¬ hgn-sbm∂p Im´p-sa≥ AΩ AΩ-bpsS kvt\lw Adn-bmØ Hcp-h≥ Cu temI-Øn-te-‰hpw aqV≥

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

E ducation plays a vital role in developing the character of an individual in his / her professional & personal life. It is also liberation of self from evil clutches of community and society in general. Due to the rapid industrialization, urbanization and changes in the human understanding, society needs to change in order to manage with the continuing changes. Education can initiate social change by bringing about changes in the outlook and attitude of people. Education will help to find out the causes of social and cultural changes that takes place within the society. Education has been and is being played as a catalyst and an agent of socialization to reach the opportunities of the society to the people. Social change means change in social structure: the nature, the social institutions, the social behaviour or the social relations of a society and community of people. Education and social change are interconnected. Both are significant for the growth and development of a society. Education and social change is a collaborative

process. While education is responsible for the transmission and dissemination of the whole culture, social change is the instrument and requirement of educational thought. Education support the social change and gives them direction and purpose through knowledge and skills thus prepares the individual for social changes. Education is the most powerful instrument to bring about social revolution and to obstruct the social evils of the society. The relationship between education and social change takes a dual form-education as an instrument and social changes a product. Education as an instrument is used as a means for bringing about desired changes in the society and in the latter case changes in the educational structure follows as a consequence of changes which have already taken place in the society. Education acts as integrative force in society by communicating value that unite different sections of society. The family may fail to provide the child the essential knowledge of the social skills and values of the wider society. Education helps the child to develop the inborn potentialities of child providing scope to develop. Education helps to modify the past behavior

EDUCATION & SOCIAL CHANGE

Tony Thomas Mathew (Alumni) (Co-ordinator Faculty Affairs, University of the People, US University)

154

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

through learning and through different agencies of education. There are three types of relationship between education and social change which are as follows: 1. Education as a Necessary Condition of Social Change Historical experience of advanced countries has shown that for any social revolution education is the pre-condition. Illiterates remain satisfied with their existing conditions and feel that they are destined to be what they are. They never bother to exert to bring change in their present social and economic conditions. They are guided by orthodoxy, traditions and fate rather than by rationality in their actions. Education helps people to make them rational in their thinking and approach. 2. Education as an Outcome of Social Change There is inter-dependent relationship between education and social change. On the one hand it brings change in social conditions. On the other hand, it is influenced by social change, which means social change helps spreading education. Education follows social change. It has its place before and after social change. First come social changes and then teaching process is changed according to those social changes. Education system changes according to the needs of society. 3. Education as an Instrument of Social Change Education changes the outlook and the traditional approach towards social and economic problems. It sharpens the skills and knowledge of the children. Technical education helps in the process of industrialization which results in vast changes in society. Education not only preserves the cultural traditions i.e., customs, traditions and values etc. of the society but also transmits them to the next generation. Education fulfils the needs of the society and propagates such ideas which promote social changes in all fields of life. Society has undergone vast transformation through several ages. New ideas have emerged and social changes have been brought about by both sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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individual and collective actions. Changes in a society are inevitable due to the existence and amalgamation of different cultures, languages and religions in a society. 4. Some Examples or Social Changes in Society Education is necessary condition, outcome and instrument of social change. For any social change to occur in a society or community education is the precondition. Let us see few models of social change through education. Many superstitions prevailing in our land like sati, child marriage human sacrifice et.al were stopped by legislations and modern English Educational endeavours. Especially spearheaded by the missionaries who came here in 18th and 19th century. It was them who accelarted social change first in India. Education force reconstruction of tradition, old customs and values. Education has also brought individual and collective social actions. The wisdom assimilated through English education, resultant enlightment and Bible translation to Malayalam enthused Abraham Malpan to lead reformation movement in the Malankara Church. Equality of all men and women was an important value in modern education. Woman education was popularized in many parts of Kerala by the missionaries. Women who got aware of their rights revolt against injustices prevailing in the society. The channar revolt by the nadar women in South Travandore from 1813 to 1859 is an example of social change through education. In short the ultimate aim of Education is liberation of self both mentally and morally leading ultimately to social change. Education is the only tool enabling individual to be creative and competent in making use his/her own natural resources for development of self and society in general. Jersusalem Sunday School through its mission in the past years have shaped many peoples' lives as catalyst of social change. Let us thank God for their social commitment and vision.

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Shalom Deena Biju, Mathenparambil (Sunday School Student)

Linju Binoy Manapparambil (Teacher, Jerusalem Sunday School)

GOOD MANNERS Good Manners are about considering the feeling of other people and being a kind person that someone would like and respect. In the old days children were taught good lessons and how to behave in public. Every good parent loves and wants the best of their children. The good manners make the good man. They are very essential for human civilization. Without good manners man is purpose without money. Here are 10 good manners children need to know 1. Put others first 2. Be polite in your conversations 3. Say a thank you and write a thank you note to those who help you 4. Say please and May I 5. Respect others opinion 6. Knock the door 7. Be nice and courteous to others 8. Stand up when an elder enters the room 9. Smile and have a good attitude 10. Make small talk

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IF YOU WANT TO If you want to learn Learn manners If you want to see See yourself If you want to keep Keep silence If you want to eat Eat anger If you want to build Build your character If you want to increase Increase your knowledge This is how you will be able to make yourself a better king

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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Ip™p-ß-fpsS kvt\ln-X-\mb Ipt™m-Ωn-®m-b≥ (sI.-kn.-tXm-akv km¿ 1883-˛1971)

tUm. amXyp tXma-kv InW-‰p-Ic (Unkv{SnŒv Hm¿K-ss\-k¿, k¨tU-kvIqƒ kam-Pw)

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

\ncWw sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤ym- ] - I \pw am¿tØmΩm k¨tUkvIqƒ kamPw anj-\d - n-bp-ambn {]h¿Øn®v At\-Isc {InkvXp-hn-¶-te°v B\-bn® InW- ‰ p- I c sI.- k n. tXmakv kmdns‚ BﬂoI ip{iq-j-Isf hcpw-X-e-ap-dbv°v ]cn-Nb - s - ∏-Sp-Øp-Ib - mWv Cu teJ-\Ø - ns‚ Dt±-iyw. k¨tU-kvIqƒ kam-P-Øns‚ Bcw-`-Imew apX¬°v Xs∂ AXns‚ Hcp kPoh {]h¿Ø- I - \ m- b n- c p∂p sI.- k n. tXmakv km¿. sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤-ym-]I - \ - m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ kamPw t\Xm°- t fm- s Sm∏w a≤- y - X n- c p- h n- X mw- I q- d nse hnhn[ ÿe- ß ƒ kμ¿in®v k¨tUkvIqƒ Bcw-`n-°p-hm≥ At±lw t\Xr-Xzw \evIn. Ip™p-ß-tfmSv kphn-tijw ]dbpI sI.-kn. tXmakv kmdns‚ AXn-bmb Xmev]-c-y-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssk°nƒ D]-tbm-Kn157

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

®pw Im¬\-S-bm-bp≈ k©mcw hgnbpw At±lw hnhn[ ÿe- ß ƒ kμ¿in®v Ahn-sS-sb√mw kphn-tij {]h¿Ø\w \SØn. bph-P-\-ßsf I≠v thZm-≤y-b-\Øn\pw {]m¿∞-\bv°pw hnip≤ Pohn-XØn\pw Bl-zm\w sNbvXp. amX-yqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tk-ymkv F∏n-kvt°m∏m, {IntkmÃw am¿tØmΩm henb sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm, kJ-dn-bmkv am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv k{^K≥ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm F∂o A`n-hμ - y Xncpta-\n-am¿ sI.-kn. tXmakv kmdns‚ khnti-j-amb {]h¿Ø\ ssiensb Ipdn®pw kphn-tij Xo£vW-X-sbbpw Ipdn®pw km£n-®n-´p-≠v. IqSmsX \nc-WØpw Np‰p]m-Sp-ap≈ H´-\-h[n sshZo-Isc sshZnI ip{iq-j-bn-te°v \bn-°p-hm\pw Bflob t\Xm-°sf hm¿sØ-Sp-°p-hm\pw ssZhw sI.-kn. tXmakv kmdn¬ IqSn {]h¿Øn®p. {Inkv X p- h n- t \m- S p≈ `‡n, thZ- ] pkvXI Xmev]-c-yw, k`m kvt\lw F∂nXymZn KpW-K-W-ßƒ Xs‚ ]nXm-hmb InW-‰p-Ic sXmΩn Nm≠-]n-≈-bn¬ \n∂v At±-lØ - n\v ss]Xr-Ia - mbn e`n-®p. sXmΩnNm-≠-]n≈ \nc-WsØ \ho-I-cW t\Xm°- f n¬ {]ap- J - \ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. sNdp∏w apX¬s° Bflob Imc-y-ß-fn¬ Xev]-c\m-bn-cp-∂p sI.kn. tXma-kv. hnZ-ym-`-ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb tijw k¿°m¿ tkh-\Øn¬ {]th-in-®p. tPmen-bp-am-bp≈ _‘Øn¬ hnhn[ ÿe-ß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-°phm≥ At±-l-Øn\v km[n-®p. t]mIp-∂n-SsØ√mw Ahn-sS-bp≈ {InkvXob `h-\ßƒ kμ¿in®v Iq´m-bva-Iƒ \S-Øp-hm≥ At±lw D’mlw ImWn-®n-cp-∂p. Ip™pß- f psS Bflob ]cn- t ]m- j - W - Ø n¬ At±lw {i≤m- e p- h m- b n- c p- ∂ p. hfsc BI¿j-Wo-b-amb coXn-bn¬ Ah-tcmSv thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønse IY-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n°p-∂-Xn\v hnti-j-am-sbmcp Ignhv At±-lØn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {InkvXp-hn\v th≠n ""]n-t≈sc ]nSn°p∂'' tPmen ssZhw Xs∂ `c-ta-ev]n-®-Xm-sW∂v At±lw Dd®p hniz-kn-®p. ]usemkv As∏m-kvX-e≥ ]d-™Xp-t]mse At±lw At\-Isc kphn-ti-jØn-\mbn P\n-∏n-®p. sI.-kn. tXmakv kmdns‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ

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Hmtcm k`mw-Khpw Pohn°p-Ibpw {]h¿Øn-°pIbpw sNøp∂ CS-ßsf kphn-ti-j- th-eÿeambn am‰-Ww. At∏mƒ CXc aXÿ¿ \sΩ {i≤n-°p-Ibpw tIƒ°p-Ibpw \Ωn¬ IqSn Pohn-°p∂ {InkvXp-hns\ Ah¿ Xncn-®-dn-bpIbpw sNøpw. CXp-am-{X-amWv C∂sØ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ A\p-I-c-Wo-b-amb amXrI. Xncn- ® - d n™v k¨tU- k v I qƒ kamPw At±-lsØ k¨tU-kvIqƒ anj-\-dnbmbn \nb-an-®p. Xs‚ ]q¿Æ-k-a-bhpw kphn-ti-j-th-e-bv°pw k¨tU-kvIqƒ {]ÿm-\Ø - n\pw sImSp-°p-hm≥ Ime-ambn F∂v Xncn-®-dn™ sI.-kn. tXmakv km¿ kss[-cyw Xs‚ k¿°m¿ tPmen cmPnsh®v k¨tU-kvIqƒ kamPw anj-\-dnbmbn Npa-X-e-tb-‰p. kamPw At±-lsØ A≤- y m- ] I ]cn- i o- e \ ]cn- ] m- S n- I - f n¬ kw_-‘n-°p-hm≥ \ntbm-Kn®p. kz-Xk - n-≤amb Ignhpw hnZKv≤ ]cn-io-e\ - hpw e`n®p Ign- ™ - t ∏mƒ sI.- k n. tXmakv km¿ k¨tU-kvIqƒ Ip™p-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬ Hcp anI® {]h¿Ø-I\ - mbn Xo¿∂p. Rmbdm- g v N Iƒ tXmdpw hnhn[ k¨tUkvIqfpIƒ kμ¿in®v ZqXp-Iƒ \evIpIbpw Ip™p-ßsf tbip-{In-kvXp-hp-am-bn´p≈ Bg-amb _‘-Øn-te°v \bn-°pIbpw sNbvXp. Ip´n-Isf hy-‡n-]-c-ambn I≠p ""Ipt™ \ns‚ lrZbw tbip-hn\p sImSp-Øn-´p-t≠m'' F∂p tNmZn®v {InkvXphn-ep≈ c£-bpsS kt¥mjw hni-Zo-Isbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

cn®v Ahsc Hcp Xocp-am-\-Øn-se-Øn-°phm≥ At±lw {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. 1910 emWv k` Imb¬-˛-I-S¬Øoc {]tZ- i - ß - f n¬ anj≥ {]h¿Ø\w Bcw`n°p-∂-Xv. Xr°p-∂-∏pg tI{μo-I-cn®m-bn-cp∂p {]h¿Ø-\w. XpS¿∂v Fcn-°mhv, Icp-hm‰ sNdn-b-go-°¬, ]∑\ F∂o ÿe-ß-fn¬ IqSn anj≥ {]h¿Ø\w hym-]n-®p. G{_lmw am¿tØmΩm Xncpta-\n-bpsS henb Xmev]-c-y-am-bn-cp∂p {InkvtX-X-c-cpsS CS-bn-ep≈ kphn-tij {]h¿Ø- \ w. k`- b psS kphn- t ij {]h¿Ø-\-Øm¬ Cu {]tZ-iØv \n∂v At\-I¿ hni-zm-kn-I-fm-bn. Im¿Øn-I-∏≈n, lcn-∏mSv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw A≤-ym-]-Icpw Bflob {]h¿Ø-Icpw Chn-sS-sbØn Ipń-Iƒ°v {]Xn-êw hmßmsX kvIqƒ ]mT-`m-Kß - ƒ ]d-™psIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fn¬ ssZhh-N\w ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. [mcmfw sslμh Ipń-Iƒ CXn¬ ]s¶Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. k¨tU-kvIqƒ kamPw Ahn-sS-bp≈ A≤-ym-]-I¿°pw Ip™pßƒ°pw th≠n {]tXyI tbmK-ßfpw ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw \S-Øp-Ib - p-≠mbn. k¨tU-kvIqƒ anj-\dn F∂ \nebn¬ sI.- k n. tXmakv km¿ CXn\v t\XrXzw \evIp-Ibpw {InkvtX-Xcsc Dƒs∏sS At\-Isc kphn-ti-j-th-ebv ° mbn t{]cn- ∏ n- ° p- I bpw sNbv X p. At±lw F√m-h¿°pw th≠n F√mw Bbn. F¥m- b n- c p∂p sI.kn. tXmakv kmdns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ssi-en-bpsS {]tXyI-X? F¥mWv At±lw \ap°v ImWn®p-X∂ amXr-I? CXpw-IqSn hni-I-e\w sNbv X v Cu Ipdn- ∏ p- I ƒ Ah- k m- \ n∏n°mw. 1. Hcp hy- ‡ n- b psS Pohn- X - Ø nse G‰hpw \n¿Æm-b-I-amb Ime-L-´-amWv _me-y-˛-Iu-amc Imew. F√m BfloI ]mT-ßfpw kz-`m-h-cq-]o-I-c-Whpw Ahcn¬ thcp-d-bv°p-∂Xv Cu ka-b-ØmWv. Cu {]mb- Ø n- e p≈ Ip™p- ß - f psS Bflob hf¿®-bn-emWv sI.-kn. tXmakv km¿ {i≤ ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xv. Cu {]mbsbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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Øn¬ {InkvXp hni-zm-khpw thZ-]-cn-⁄m\hpw Ah-cn¬ Dd-®m¬ AXv Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcn-°-epw am™p-t]m-Ip-I-bn√. Ip´n-I-tfmSv kzo-I-cn-t°≠ a\:-imkv{X kao-]\w hfsc Ime-ßƒ°v ap≥t] At±lw Xncn-®-dn™p {]h¿Øn-®p. CXv k¨tU-kvIqƒ {]h¿ØI¿s°√mw A\p-Ic - W - o-ba - mb amXr-Ib - m-Wv. 2. Bfmw-{]Xn kphn-ti-j-th-e-bpsS DØa amXr-I-bmWv sI.-kn. tXmakv km¿ ImWn®p-X-∂-Xv. _men-I-˛-_m-e-∑m-cpsS, buΔ-\°m- c psS Pohn- X - Ø n¬ {Inkv X p- h n- \ p≈ ÿm\w F¥m-sW∂v tNmZn®v a\- n-em-°phm≥ At±lw AXoh Xev]-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. AXv At\-I¿ km£n-®n-´p-≠v. AXp-t]mse k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤-ym-]-I¿ Ip™p-ßsf {InkvXp-hpam-bp≈ kPoh _‘-Øn¬ \ne\n¿Ø-Ww. A≤-ym-]-I¿ ss{IkvXh PohnX-Øns‚ DZm-Ø-amb amXr-I-I-fm-h-Ww. CsX√mw Ip™p- ß sf temI- Ø ns‚ sX‰mb hgn- I - f n¬ t]mIm- X n- c n- ° p- h m≥ Ahsc klm-bn-°pw. 3. kphn- t i- j - t Lm- j WsØ Ipdn- ® p≈ \n¿_‘w Fs‚ ta¬ InS-°p∂p F∂ t_m≤y-Øn¬ Pohn® hy-‡n-bmWv sI.-kn. tXmakv km¿. PmXn-a-X-t`Zw C√msX F√mhcpw {InkvXp-hns\ Adn-bW - s - a∂v At±lw B{K-ln-®p. {InkvtX-X-c-cpsS CS-bn-ep≈ k`-bpsS anj≥ {]h¿Ø-\-amb IS¬Øoc anj-\n¬ At±lw kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-Øp. Hm¿°pI, Hmtcm k`mw-Khpw Hmtcm anj-\dn-bm-Wv. `mc-X-Ønse aX_lp-e-X-bpsS ]›m- Ø - e - Ø n¬ anj\dn- t he \ap- s °ßs\ \n¿Δ-ln-°mw? Hmtcm k`mw-Khpw Pohn-°p-Ibpw {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ CS-ßsf kphn-ti-j- th-eÿeambn am‰Ww. At∏mƒ CXc aX-ÿ¿ \sΩ {i≤n°p-Ibpw tIƒ°p-Ibpw \Ωn¬ IqSn Pohn°p∂ {InkvXp-hns\ Ah¿ Xncn-®d - n-bpIbpw sNøpw. CXp-am-{X-amWv C∂sØ Ime-L-´Øn¬ A\p-I-c-Wo-b-amb amXrI. sI.- k n. tXmakv kmdn¬ hnf- ß nb kphn-ti-j-Z¿i\hpw Ip™p-ß-tfm-Sp≈ thZm-≤-ym-]\ amXr-I-Ifpw \ap-s°∂pw {]tNm-Z-\-am-Is´ F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. Cu hnNm-c-ßƒ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ßsf DW¿Øp∂-Xn-\mbn ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

Jilna

Jisna Joji

Renjan Chacko Philip

Shalom Deena Biju

160

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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Jisna Joji

Christy Mathew Binoy

Jilna sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]q¿Δ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ ]´Xz ip{iq-j-bn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-am¿ 1. 2.

tUm. kJ-dn-bmkv am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv k{^-K≥ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ tUm. {KntKm-dn-tbmkv am¿ kvtX^m-t\mkv F∏n-kvtIm∏

]´-°m¿ 3. dh. sI. sP. ^nen∏v Nme-°m-´n¬ 4. dh. sI. Fw. tPm¿Pv, InW-‰p-Ic 5. dh. tPm¿Pv Ae-Ivkm≠¿, aW-te¬ πm∏p-tgØv 6. dh. tUm. kÆn tPm¿÷v, ]mdm-Øp-ti-cn¬ 7. dh. tPm¿Pv tXma-kv, Nme-°m-´n¬ 8. dh. G{_lmw ]n. h¿°n, ]mc-bn¬ 9. dh. sdPn sFk-Iv, tNcn-°¬ 10. dh. kn_p ]≈n-®nd (N°m´pt»cn k¨tUkvIqƒ ]q¿Δ hnZym¿∞n) hnIm-cn-am-cp-sS a°ƒ 11. dh. tUm. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ G{_lmw (S/o Rev. C.M. Abraham) 12. dh. tUm. Ae-Ivkm≠¿ Fw. sFkIv (S/o Rev. M.I. Alexander) 13. dh. h¿Kokv sNdn-bm≥ (S/o Rev. S.V. Cherian) 14. dh. tPmPn DΩ≥ ^nen∏v (S/o Very. Rev. K.O. Philipose) 15. dh. tUm. s^t\m Fw. tXmakv (S/o Rev. M.T. Thomas) 16. dh. jntPmbv G{_lmw kJ-dn-b (S/o Very. Rev. Skariah Abraham)

sshZoI hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ 1. 2.

162

Binjv sNdn-bm≥ h¿Ko-kv, ]´-ap-°n¬ (B.D. ]T\w ]q¿Øo-I-cn®p) {InÃn Fw. Ipcy≥, amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ (B.D. 4˛mw h¿jw)

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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\ncWw sbcp-itew k¨tU-kvIq-fn¬ tkh\w A\p-jvTn®n´p≈ A≤ym-]-I-cpsS t]cp-hn-hcw (e-`y-am-bn-S-tØmfw hnh-c-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xv) t]cv

ho´p-t]cv

t]cv

ho´p-t]cv

eqt°mkv Bim≥ tImc-km¿ \Ym-\n-tb¬ C{km-tb¬ hn.- sF. amXyp hn. sF. tPm¿Pv hn. sI. DΩ≥ sagvkn DΩ≥ DΩ≥ tPm¨k¨ kqkΩ amXyp adn-bmΩ tPm¿÷v tPm¿÷v h¿Kokv Pnj tacn h¿Kokv sNdn-bm-®≥ (hm-≤ym¿) Nmt°m-®≥ ]n. sP. tPm¨ ]n. sP. Pbn-°_v ]n. sP. tXmakv ]n. sP. Pbn-°_v kmdmΩ h¿Kokv sImt®m-bn-°p™v sI. kn. tXmakv sI. sI. tImin sI. ‰n. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ sI. ‰n. amXyp sI. ‰n. tImin sI. Fw. Pbn-°_v tacn Pbn-°_v tacn amXyp sI. Fw. Ipcp-hnf sI. Fw. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ _m_p amXyp sI. sI. tXmakv tP°_v amXyp tamfn Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ tUm. amXyp tXmakv kqk≥ tP°_v Zm\n-tb¬km¿

sh¨]-d-ºn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ sh¨]-d-ºn¬ ]´-ap-°n¬ ]Sn-™m-sd-°c ]´-ap-°n¬ ]Sn-™m-sd-°c ]´-ap-°n¬ X´m-t\Øv ]´-ap-°n¬ X´m-t\Øv ]´-ap-°n¬ ]´-ap-°n¬ ]´-ap-°n¬ InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic InW-‰p-Ic \m\m{X

F≥. Un. iap-th¬ F≥. Un. tXmakv F≥. Un. \Ym-\n-tb¬ F≥. H. hdp-Kokv F≥. Pn. DΩ≥ F≥. Pn. tPm¿Pv F≥. Pn. tacn-°p´n F≥. sI. aØmbn F≥. sI. iap-th¬ F≥. Fkv. iap-th¬ Gen-bmΩ Um\n-tb¬ kzm\n Um\n-tb¬ kn\n G{_lmw Um\nb A∂ G{_lmw Fw. ]n. tPm¿Pv Fw. sF. tPm¿Pv Fw. Pn. CSn-°pf Fw. Pn. ^nen∏v tPm¿÷v Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ B≥kn ]n. tXmakv sI. sP. ^nen∏v sI. sP. tXmakv A∂Ω ^nen∏v Fw. hn. Cu∏≥ Fw. tXmakv Ipcy≥ kmdmΩ Ipcy≥ adn-bmΩ Cu∏≥ A®mΩ Cu∏≥ Fw. Cu. Ipcy≥ Fw. sF. amXyp Fw. Cu. F{_lmw kqk≥ F{_lmw ]oen-t∏mkv sI. kn. tPm¿Pv sI. hn. sNdn-bm≥ sI. hn. adn-b-°p´n im¥Ω amXyp h’Ω Ipcy≥

\m\m{X \m\m{X \m\m{X \m\m{X Ifo-bv°¬ \m\m{X Ifo-bv°¬ \m\m{X Ifo-bv°¬ \m\m{X Ifo-bv°¬ \m\m{X Ifo-bv°¬ \m\m{X ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ \m\m{X ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ \m\m{X ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ \m\m{X ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ \m\m{X ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ \m\m{X ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ aW-te¬ aW-te¬ aW-te¬ aW-te¬ aW-te¬ aW-te¬ Nme°mń¬ Nme°mń¬ Nme°mń¬ amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ amWn-∏-d-ºn¬ sIm®p-ho-ń¬ ]mgq¿ IqØ-∏-≈n¬ IqØ-∏-≈n¬ IqØ-∏-≈n¬ IqØ-∏-≈n¬

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

t]cv kmen Ipcy≥ sI. kn. tImcpXv sI. Pn. A{_lmw hn. sF. DΩ≥ adn-bmΩ Ip™p-Ω≥ eoemΩ tP°_v hn. Fw. tXmakv kn. sI. Ipcp-hnf kn. sI. tXmakv kmdmΩ Ipcp-hnf Fw. sI. h¿-Kokv sI. sI. Nm≠n Fw. sI. adn-bmΩ Fw. kn. A∂Ω adn-bmΩ AeIvkv ]n. kn. h¿-Kokv Koh¿Kokv sF∏v sI. Pn. amXyp sI. Fw. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ im¥Ω amXyp t{Kkn Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ _n\p adnbw tPmkv amXyqkv h¿Kokv kn. Pn. adn-bmΩ tPm¿÷p-Ip´n iap-th¬ sN√Ω iap-th¬ tPmWn-°p´n iap-th¬ Gen-bmΩ tPm¿÷v t]mfn Ae-Ivkm≠¿ ‰n. kn. Gen-bmΩ kn. ]n. tXmakv hn. Fw. CSn-°pf X¶Ω CSn-°pf an\n tPmk^v kmen Ipcp-hnf Fw. hn. sNdn-bm≥ hn. G{_lmw tImin Ipcp-hnf Gen-bmΩ CSn°pf ]n. Fkv. adn-bmΩ kmen ]n. tPm¿÷v Ftÿ¿ sNdn-bm≥

164

ho´p-t]cv IqØ-∏-≈n¬ tIm´-∏p-dØv tIm´-∏p-dØv hmWn-b-∏p-c-bv°¬ hmWn-b-∏p-c-bv°¬ hmWn-b-∏p-c-bv°¬ i‡n-aw-Kew Nnd-bv°¬ ]d-ºn¬ Nnd-bv°¬ ]d-ºn¬ Nnd-bv°¬ ]d-ºn¬ aW-en¬ aW-en¬ aW-en¬ aW-en¬ aW-en¬ ]m≠-º-S-hn¬ ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ ]≈n-®nd Ipt∂¬ ]≈n-®nd Ipt∂¬ ]≈n-®nd Ipt∂¬ ]≈n-®nd Ipt∂¬ ]≈n-®nd Ipt∂¬ ]≈n-®nd Ipt∂¬ ]≈n-®nd Ipt∂¬ a´-bv°¬ a´-bv°¬ a´-bv°¬ a´-bv°¬ a´-bv°¬ a´-bv°¬ \m\m{X tXm∏n¬ N°m-´p-ti-cn¬ hmWn-b-∏p-c-bv°¬ s]cp-an-‰Øv hmWn-b-∏p-c-bv°¬ s]cp-an-‰Øv hmWn-b-∏p-c-bv°¬ s]cp-an-‰Øv hmg-∏-≈n¬ am¥-d-bn¬ CS-\n-eØv am¥-d-bn¬ CS-\n-eØv Ipº-fØv Ipº-fØv ]mdm-Øp-ti-cn¬ ]mdm-Øp-ti-cn¬ apf-aq-´n¬

t]cv adn-bmΩ sNdn-bm≥ kn. ]n. sNdn-bm≥ tPm¿Pv Pbn-°_v ]n. hn. Gen-bmΩ tPm¨ ]n. h¿°n sI. hn. tXmakv hn. F. hdp-Kokv Ipcy≥ hdp-Kokv an\n tXmakv h¿°n h¿Kokv enkn tXmakv adn-bmΩ h¿°n en n sF∏v kPo\ tam≥kn kÆn tPm¿÷v DΩ≥ F{_lmw tkm^n tP°_v en©p _nt\mbv Aizn\n skbvd tPm¿Pv

ho´p-t]cv apf-aq-´n¬ tNcn-bv°¬ amfn-tb-°¬ ]mc-bn¬ ]mc-bn¬ hk-¥-hn-emkw hng-en¬ amØ≥]-d-ºn¬ amØ≥]-d-ºn¬ Iß-tgØv Iß-tgØv Iß-tgØv hng-en¬ Ing-t°-Iq‰v hng-en¬ Ing-t°-Iq‰v Abn-cp-°p-gn-bn¬ ]pØ≥]-d-ºn¬ ]d-b≥]-d-ºn¬ IqS-`m-KØv aW-∏-d-ºn¬ Im´p-\n-eØv

A≤ym-]-I-cmbn tkh\w sNbvX sIm®-Ω-am¿ Mrs. Ip™Ω G{_lmw w/o dh. kn.-Fw. G{_lmw Mrs. im¥Ω Ae-Ivkm-≠¿

w/o dh. Fw. sF. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ Mrs. timimΩ tXmakv

w/o dh. ]n. C. tXmakv Mrs. kqkΩ sNdn-bm≥

w/o dh. Fkv. hn. sNdn-bm≥ Mrs. tacn-°p´n kv°-dnb

w/o shcn. dh. kv°dnb G{_lmw 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Ct∏m-gsØ A≤ym-]-I¿ tPm¿÷v h¿Kokv, sh¨]-d-ºn¬ (slUvam-Ã¿) tPm¨ ]n. h¿°n, ]mc-bn¬ (sk-{I-´-dn) kmdmΩ h¿Kokv, ]´-ap-°n¬ ({S-j-d¿) _n\p adnbw tPmkv, ]≈n-®n-d-Ip-t∂¬ kmen Ipcy≥, IqØ-∏-≈n¬ kn\n G{_-lmw, \m\m{X ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ eoemΩ tP°-_v, hmWn-b-]p-c-bv°¬ enRvPp _nt\m-bv, aW-∏-d-ºn¬ tkm^n tP°-_v, ]d-b≥]-d-ºn¬ IqS-`m-KØv B≥kn ]n. tXma-kv, aW-te¬ kPo\m tam≥kn, hng-en¬ Ing-t°-Iq‰v Aizn\n skbvd tPm¿÷v, Im´p-\n-eØv

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

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I¿-Øm-hn¬ {]n-b-tc, c-£-I-\m-b {In-kv-Xp-hn-te-°v Ip-™p-ß-sf B-I¿-jn-°pI F-∂ a-l-Øm-b e-£y-hp-ambn I-gn-™ 150 kwh-’-c-am-bn \n-c-Ww sbcpi-tew k¨-tUkv-Iq-fn-\v {]-h¿-Øn-°m≥ km[y-am-°n-b ssZ-hIr-]-bv-°m-bn B-Zy-am-bn kv-tXm-{Xw sN-øp-∂p. 1970¬ i-Xm-–n sIm-≠m-SpI-bpw k¨-tUkv-Iq-fn-s‚ \q-dp-h¿-j-sØ N-cn-{Xw Dƒ-s°m-≈n-®p-sIm-≠v H-cp kv-a-c-Wn-I {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ A-∂-sØ \-Ωp-sS ]n-Xm-°-∑m¿-°v km-[n-®p F-∂p-≈-Xv \-ap-°v A-`nam-\n-°m-hp-∂ Im-cy-am-Wv. C-t∏mƒ \-Ωp-sS k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ i-tXm-Ø-ckph¿Æ-Pq-_nen \n-d-hn¬ h-∂p \n¬-°p-I-bm-W-t√m. Cu A-h-k-cw DNn-X-am-bn B-tLm-jn-°p-hm≥ \mw CS-h-I-bm-bn Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-I-bpw A-Xn-s‚ Xp-S-°-am-bn \-Ωp-sS k¨-tUkv-Iq-fn-s‚ ]q¿-ΔhnZym¿-Yn-I-fp-sS-bpw A-[ym-]-I-cp-sS-bpw H-cp kw-K-aw hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn \-S-Øp-hm≥ h-en-b-h-\mb ssZ-hw \-ap-°v A-h-k-c-sam-cp-°n. Cu kw-K-a-Øn¬ 70 h-b- v Xn-I-™ ]q¿-Δ A-≤ym-]I¿-°v s]m-∂m-S A-Wn-bn-®v B-Z-cn-°p-I-bpw, 25 h¿-j-Øn¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ tk-h-\-a-\p-jvTn-® A≤ym-]-I-sc {]-tXy-Iw B-Z-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. i-tXm-Ø-c B-tLm-j-Øn-\v `m-K-am-bn \-Ωp-sS k¨-tUkv-Iq-fn-s‚bpw C-S-h-I-bp-sS-bpw tZ-i-Øn-s‚-bpw N-cn-{Xw Dƒ-s°m-≈n-®p-sIm-≠v H-cp kp-h-\o¿ {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Xo-cp-am\n-®p. F-∂m¬ covid-19 F-∂ a-lm-am-cn Im-c-Ww \-ap-°v X-°-k-a-b-Øv kp-h-\o¿ {]-kn≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ km-[n-®n-√. \-Ωp-sS cm-Pyw A-Xn-s‚ Xo-jv-W-am-b A-\p-`-h-Øn-eq-sS I-S-∂p t]m-hp-I-bm-W-t√m. \-Ωp-sS k-tlm-Z-c-ß-fn¬ ]-e-cpw C-Xp-aq-ew tem-I-Øn¬ \n-∂v am-‰-s∏Sp-I-bpw C-t∏m-gpw \mw A-Xn-s‚ Xn-‡-^-e-ßƒ A-\p-`-hn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. C-Xn-s‚ a≤yØn-epw ssZ-hw \-sΩ C-{X-tØm-fw \-S-Øn ]-cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xv Hm¿-Øv ssZ-h-Øn-\v kvtXm{Xw sN-ømw. F-∂m¬ Cu {]-iv-\-ß-fp-sS a-[y-Ønepw \-ap-°v kp-h-\o¿ {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Im-cp-Wy-hm-\m-b ssZ-hw A-h-k-c-sam-cp-°n. C-Xn-\m-bn A-£o-Ww {]-h¿-Øn-® k¨-tUkvIqƒ sl-Uv-am-Ã¿ {io. tPm¿-÷v h¿-Ko-kv, No^v F-Un-‰¿ tUm. am-Xyp tXm-a-kv, sk-{I-´-dn {io. tPm¨ ]n. h¿-°n, a-‰v I-Ωn-‰n Aw-Kß - ƒ, k¨-tU-kvI - qƒ A-[ym-]I - ¿, k¨-tUkvIqƒ Ip-´n-Iƒ F-∂n-h-tcm-Sp-≈ I-S-∏m-Spw kv-t\-l-hpw A-dn-bn-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p. ktμ-i-ßƒ \¬In Cu DZy-asØ A\p-{K-ln® am¿-tØm-Ωm sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø, a-‰v Xn-cp-ta-\n-am¿, hn-Im-cnb®≥, teJ-\-ßƒ X∂v klm-bn® ap≥ hn-Im-cn-am¿, C-S-h-I ]-´-°m¿, k¨-tUkv-Iqƒ ]q¿-ΔhnZym¿-∞n-Iƒ, k¨-tUkv-Iqƒ Ip-´n-Iƒ F-∂n-h-tcm-Sp-≈ \-μn-bpw I-S-∏m-Spw A-dn-bn-®p-sIm≈p-∂p. k¿-tΔm-]-cn Cu kp-h-\o¿ {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm\m-bn km-º-Øn-I-am-bpw ]-c-ky-ßƒ X-∂pw k-lm-bn-® \-Ωp-sS C-S-h-Imw-K-ß-tfm-Spw a-‰v F-√m-h-tcm-Sp-ap-≈ lr-Z-bw-K-am-b \-μnbpw kv-t\-l-hpw C-hn-sS {]-Im-in-∏n-®p sIm-≈p-∂p. \-ap-°v ap≥-]v I-S-∂p-t]m-b ]q¿-Δ]n-Xm-°ƒ \-ap-°v \¬-In-b \-√ am-Xr-I-sb \-μntbm-sS kv-a-cn-®p-sIm-≠v \-Ωp-sS ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d-bn-se Ip-™p-ßƒ-°v \m-apw am-Xr-I-bm-bn Po-hn-°p-hm≥ ssZ-hw \-sΩ k-lm-bn-°-s´ F-∂v {]m¿-∞n-°p∂p. kvac-WnI {]kn-≤o-I-cW-Øn¬ hym]-cn® ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn¬ ssZh-tØmSv \μn-b¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v D]-kw-l-cn-°p-∂p. _n-\p a-dn-bw tPm-kv, ]≈n-®n-d- Ip-t∂¬ I¨ho-\¿ sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

i-tXm-Ø-c kp-h¿-Æ Pq-_n-en kv-a-cWnI

sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw

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sbcp-itew am¿-tØm-Ωm k¨-tU-kv-Iqƒ, \ncWw