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The amount consists of Official Development Assistance (ODA) + Private Flows at Market Terms + Net Private Grants; https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx# (Development > Flows by provider > Total flows by donor [DAC1]). OECD, p. 4. See Bradach and Grindle (2017). The bibliography contains the sources that informed our thinking in this report but does not constitute an exhaustive review of all systems change literature. See, e.g., Sachs et al. (2019). OECD (2019); see also Social Progress Imperative (https://www.socialprogress.org/) United Nations (2019). UN SDG Report, p. 4. Shepard (2019). McKinsey & Company (2018). World Economic Forum (2016). UN, The Sustainable Development Goals Report – 2019, p. 8. UN Women, Gender Equality as an Accelerator for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, p. 8. See, e.g., Ahmad (2019). For a good visualization of these interdependencies, see the International Science Council (2017). Some might perceive the SDGs’ emphasis on specific outcome indicators as conflicting with a systems perspective. As a set of goals for a more sustainable, peaceful, and prosperous future, they generally capture the many pressing challenges being targeted by systems change leaders at local to global levels. This is one definition of systems change that we have aligned on for this report. There are several others – our bibliography provides a good starting point for more detailed understanding of them. Interview partner 46. Interview partner 17. Interview partner 45. These are sometimes referred to as endgames; see Gugelev, A. and Stern, A. (2015) for a perspective on endgames for individual organizations leading systems change, and Mühlenbein (2019) for endgames on a systems level. Gugelev, A., Stern, A. (2015), p. 45; interview partner 47. Kania, Kramer, Senge (2018); see also Meadows (1999). Gugelev, A., Stern, A. (2015), p. 44; particularly deep forms of systems changes that relate to changing mindsets or mental models are also referred to a framework changes (see Wells, 2018). See Wells (2018) for more details on the difference between (scaled) direct servic and systems change. Gugelev, A., Stern, A. (2015), p. 41. Walker, J. C. (2017); interview partner 47. Gugelev, A., Stern, A. (2015), p. 45. Walker, J. C. (2017). Leland, O. (2017). Ashoka, McKinsey & Company (2019).
Embracing complexity
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