Office Design by Ashutosh Jindal

OFFICE DESIGN

INTRODUCTION ●

The Indian workspace is undergoing dramatic changes with Indian millennials spending the most amount of time in their offices compared to their global peers, working an average of 52 hours per week.

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Flexibility, need-based and dynamic spaces that are inspiring both during the day and night, spaces that allow for collaboration – these are some of the ingredients that would make for an apt office space today.

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The revolution that started changing the workplace layout in the early 1990s has spread now to buildings and campuses. Instead of businesses owning or occupying large office buildings, more companies are shifting towards shared work centres and self-sustaining vertical work towns.

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This has led to a lot of changes in office culture and working experience.

HOW THE WORKPLACE EVOLVED 2000-Today

1940s-1970s ● ● ●

The 1950s saw the rise of hierarchical office design. Individual offices remained popular until the 1970s, when the concept of hot desking was born, along with cubicle space. In 1940s, 50s or 60s office had rows of typists with introduction of computers in 1960s.

1940s

There is more focus on feeling comfortable in the workplace, with things such as standing desks, comfy seating.

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The modern workplace is all about social collaboration and rising tech trends.The internet, smart phones, online file sharing, etc. has all made it possible for us to work anywhere and everywhere.

1970s

1970s-1990s ● ● ●

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Offices comprised of cubicles and c-suites Workplaces work much less tech oriented Email, Word processor and the first personal computers were all invented in the 1970s, however mobiles were not around until 1988 and the internet was not created until 1990.

2000s

2020- future

2020- future ● ● ●

There is a rise in remote working and collaborate with people on the other side of the world with ease. Introduction of AI (Artificial Intelligence ) technique which lead to decrease in the workload of people working. Also introduction of virtual reality and light peak technology has led to fast access to data.

Technology has changed the overall look of the office, with changes in working culture to to changes in environment, from desk job to working on phone, from different cabin to open plan, and from male dominated to equal representation.

TRANSFORMATION….

INTERPRETATION ●

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Instead of businesses owning or occupying large office buildings, more companies are shifting towards shared work centres so, “The millennials in their technology-dependent lifestyles are looking for different experiences at a particular spaces” So we have the freedom to choose to combine any two or three of the typologies (Mixed-Use) which have interdependencies and integrate into one complex project. Mixed-use built environments in cities promote sustainable utilization of resources and land areas while providing urban dwellers with a neighbourhood that integrates work, home, shopping, transportation, and even recreational spaces. The mixed-use approach also allows city administrations the flexibly to adapt the building uses as times change. Our designs are expected to include innovations and strategies that promote well-being. The designs should address possible concerns such as the current pandemic, stress, anxiety, physical health and should induce better civic and social behaviour. The challenge is to program and reinvent our offices into a modern workspace that are inclusive and take into account the various parameters which makes up the human construct.

ISSUES OF WORKPLACE & WORKPLACE DESIGN

Monotonous machine centric working space not only decreases productivity but also hampers the quality of work.

If the office space is open then it distracts the people working hence, again disturbing the working culture.

Common areas at isolated place may lead to harassment issues affecting mental health of the employees.

ISSUES OF WORKPLACE & WORKPLACE DESIGN

Open planned offices is often bad at noise control that again disturbs the concentration of employees.

It’s stressful enough in a world where mobile devices and social media make it impossible to switch off from work but we all need some downtime. Hence, it become crucial to maintain balance between work & life.

Open space also lacks personal space which lead to decrease in confidence of some employees.

LOCATIONS OF SELECTED WORKS - CASE STUDY

1 Bloomberg, London, UK 2 Akshaya 27, Chennai, India

1 3

3 Hearst Tower, NYC

TIMELINE 2006 Hearst Tower 597 feet (182 m) tall with 80,000 sqm. (860,000 sq ft) of office space.

2017 Bloomberg 102,190m² of office space with great sustainable rating

2020 Akshaya 27 A total area of 8,000 sqm was to be built with a height restriction of 27M.

HEARST TOWER, NYC Hearst commissioned a six-storey Art Deco block on Eighth Avenue, Eventually it formed the base for a tower. Echoing an approach developed in the Reichstag and the Great Court at the British Museum, the challenge in designing such a tower at seventy years was to establish a creative dialogue between old and new.

PROJECT DETAILS

Project location

: New York City, USA

Project completed

: 2006

Area of the project

: 80000 sqm.

Capacity

: 2200

Quantity Surveyor

: Turner construction

Principal architect

: Norman Foster

Collaborating architect Sustainable rating

: Adamson associates : LEED - Platinum

PLANNING

Oﬃce

Atrium

Cafeteria

Section

1. The tower has two distinct zones : a. The zone below 10th floor contains entrance at street level and lobby, cafeteria b. And the zone above 10th floor contains offices. 2. The west side is against another building; so the core was shifted toward the western edge and the atrium shaft is placed at eastern side, to bring sufficient daylight. 3. Columns are placed till 10th floor after which the diagrid transfer the load to the columns, which results in a Column Free Space for the office plans.

Column Free Space A system of 40-ton beams at the tenth floor, integrated with skylights, forms a diaphragm that braces the structure laterally and ties the old building to the new. And the load above 10th floor is transferred by Diagrid Ice Fall A water feature helps enhance the microclimate by thermally tempering the space, providing acoustic dampening and humidity control.

Rain Water Collector

SkyLight & Clerestory Few internal walls and low workstation partitions along with skylight & clerestory to maximise natural light. Rain Water Harvesting A roof that collects rainwater in a 14,000G basement reclamation tank, which then replaces water lost to evaporation in the office air -conditioning system and feeds into a pumping system to irrigate plants and trees outside of the building

Water used by Icefall

Storage Tank

CRITICAL FEATURES Site & Climate : The building envelope was designed to limit glare from low angle sun during the early morning and evenings. Form & Massing : The massing was predetermined by the footprint of the existing Hearst building. The design of the tower, sought to protect the existing podium, whilst extending the building with a distinctive new tower. Passive Design : To minimise solar gain, the building envelope contains high performance low emission glass, with integral roller blinds which can be used to reduce glare. The building is naturally overshadowed by the surrounding buildings so large skylights were used at the podium level to bring daylight into the atrium space. Environmental Systems: The atrium contains a radiant floor, a tempered water wall and temperature controlled walls. In the office spaces, an economiser cycle on the AHUs provide fresh air ventilation for 75% of year. Mobility & Connectivity : The design included an upgrade to the local subway station, and reinstated an entrance within the building, giving employees direct access to public transport. Materials & Waste : The diagrid structure uses 20 per cent less steel than a conventionally framed structure, and it was built using 85 per cent recycled steel. Locally sourced materials are used throughout. Prosperity: Local construction firms were chosen where possible, to enhance the local economy. In operation, the building has helped to regenerate the surrounding area.

CRITICAL FEATURES Water : Harvested rainwater from the roof is fed into a central tank and used for irrigation and to feed the water feature. This, alongside water efficient fixtures and fittings, has led to a 30% reduction in water usage compared to a typical building. Land & Ecology : The design ensured that all existing trees on site were protected, and to ensure their long term vitality, they are now irrigated through the rainwater harvesting system. Culture & Heritage : The design preserved the façade of the existing structure and establishes a creative dialogue between the old and new. The forty-two-storey tower rises above the old building and has resulted in an award winning addition to the New York Skyline. WellBeing : At the base of the tower, there is a large atrium space for the building users. A water feature helps enhance the microclimate by thermally tempering the space, providing acoustic dampening and humidity control. Daylight floods the space through high level skylights, helping to create a healthy, vibrant space. Performance in Use : First LEED Gold commercial office building in New York. Since completion it has gone on to achieve LEED Platinum for its operation and maintenance.

UNIQUE FEATURE Diagrid Framed Structure The "diagrid" frame of the Tower contain roughly 20% less steel than would a conventional perimeter frame — saving approximately 2,000 tons of steel.

Glass Coating Glass coating to reduce solar radiation and therefore cooling load – the glass has a special ‘low-E’ coating that allows for internal spaces to be flooded with natural light while keeping out the invisible solar radiation that causes heat.

AKSHAYA 27, CHENNAI, INDIA Cantilevered cuboid volumes create a sculptural office building in Chennai, India. Located in the old business district of Chennai in South India With very narrow access from an arterial city road and no road frontage, this plot of 4,098 sqm is sandwiched between existing buildings on all sides.

PROJECT DETAILS

Project location

: Chennai, India

Project completed

: June 2020

Area of the project

: 8000 sqm.

Principal architect

: Sanjay Puri

Project architect Sustainable rating

: Kapil merchant, Pooja : Griha rated building

PLANNING The ground floor is deliberately kept small to allow easy vehicular circulation within the site and houses community spaces including a cafeteria, gymnasium and an entrance lobby. The offices divisible into 4 at a level with varying sizes from 165 to 270 sq metres cantilever out at the first floor and step back and forth creating linear north facing terraces at every floor. The service cores form the southern side of the building becoming a buffer to reduce heat gain in response to the hot climate prevalent in Chennai. Temperatures are in excess of 35° C for most of the year with the sun always in the southern hemisphere.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Terrace Rooftop landscaped garden provide office space for occupants & Solar panels at the rooftop harness the ample solar energy available in this location. Service core The service cores form the southern side of the building becoming a buffer to reduce heat gain in response to the hot climate prevalent in Chennai Offices Cafe, Gym & entrance lobby The ground floor is deliberately left small to allow easy vehicular circulation within the site and houses community spaces including gym, cafe and entrance lobby

Solar panelling Staggered terracing

CRITICAL ATTRIBUTES Climate: Chennai features a tropical wet and dry climate. It lies on the thermal equator and is also coastal, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature. Building block: The offices divisible into 4 at a level with varying sizes from 165 to 270 sq metres cantilever out at the first floor and step back and forth creating linear north facing terraces at every floor. Passive strategies: ● Alternating back on forth on each office floor to create open roof on each floor ● Solar panels on roof and landscaping on roof ● Building orientation to accommodate for sunlight in appropriate areas ● To deal with the sun on the southern side, service cores provide enough buffer so it doesn’t impact the building as much Ground floor: The ground floor is deliberately kept small to allow easy vehicular circulation within the site and houses community spaces including a cafeteria, gymnasium and an entrance lobby. Service core orientation: Orienting all the office spaces towards the north with the service cores on the south thus mitigates heat gain completely rendering the building very energy efficient.

UNIQUE FEATURES Energy Efficiency Orienting all the office spaces towards the north with the service cores on the south thus mitigates heat gain completely rendering the building very energy efficient.

Cantilever Structure Cantilevered cuboid volumes create a sculptural office building. A very narrow access from an arterial city road and no road frontage this plot of 4098 sqm is sandwiched between existing buildings on all sides.

BLOOMBERG, LONDON, UK Bloomberg’s European headquarters is respectful of its location in the heart of the City of London, close to the Bank of England, St. Paul’s Cathedral and the church of St. Stephen’s Walbrook. In its form, massing and materials, the new building is uniquely of their place and time

PROJECT DETAILS

Project location

: London, UK

Project completed

: 2017

Area of the project

: 102190 sqm.

Capacity

: 6700

Quantity Surveyor

: AECOM

Principal architect

: Norman Foster

Landscape architect

: Charles Funke

Sustainable rating

: BREEAM - Outstanding

PLANNING The Bloomberg building sets an example in the workplace design sector as it is the highest rated sustainable office building. - The free flowing shape of the building which is divided into two towers creates an arcade in between the building that enables a good ventilation. - There is extensive large open space provided for circulation. - The ramp present at the center acts as a vent through the roof, hence providing a great airflow. - The absence of green space hasn’t let the building change into less sustainable one.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Hypotrochoid stairwell This grand hypotrochoid staircase not only facilitate human circulation but also provides access for air circulation . Facade treatment The custom bronze blades shades the building’s interiors and cool the building with naturally flowing air. This significantly reduces energy consumption. Green wall This overlooks St. Paul’s Cathedral and is flooded with natural light from the atrium above making it a perfect space for the living wall. Multi-heighted lobby The curved timber of the Vortex makes for an impressive lobby area with different heighted level giving it a grand view.

CRITICAL ATTRIBUTES Facilities: Bloomberg Arcade is now a key route for people moving around the City, with restaurants and cafes present at the entrance of the built structure. Façade: Its striking façade is defined by a structural sandstone frame, with a series of large-scale bronze fins that shade the floor-to-ceiling glazing. The fins give the building a visual hierarchy and rhythm as they vary in scale, pitch and density across each façade according to orientation and solar exposure, while being an integral part of the building’s natural ventilation system. Historical interference: Art plays a central role in the project, with major site-specific commissions in and around the building. Cristina Iglesias’ water sculpture in three parts, ‘Forgotten Streams’ – a homage to the ancient Walbrook River that once flowed through the site – defines the public spaces at each end of Bloomberg Arcade. The new Bloomberg building also returns the archaeological remains of the Roman Temple of Mithras to the site of their original discovery. Entrance: The main entrance to Bloomberg is defined by a substantial porte-cochère, where the building forms two sides of a new formal city square. Arriving at the main entrance, everyone passes through the reception lobby before being drawn into the Vortex – a dramatic double-height space created by three inclined, curving timber shells. Performance: True exemplar of sustainable development, with a BREEAM Outstanding rating, and the highest design-stage score ever achieved by any major office development.

UNIQUE TO BLOOMBERG, LONDON Integrated Petal-design Ceiling The innovative ceiling panels feature 2.5 million polished aluminum “petals” that save energy by improving the efficiency of heating, cooling and lighting functions.

Water Conservation The building is 70% more water-efficient than a typical office building. An on-site water treatment plant allows us to collect and reuse rainwater from the roof.

CASE STUDY TAKEAWAYS

1. Diagrid System 2. Water Conservation 3. Thermal Comfort Techniques 4. Indoor Air Quality

HEARST TOWER, NYC

1. Alternating cantilevered floors 2.Roof landscaping 3.Harness solar energy 4.Service core create buffer 5.Considerate building orientation

AKSHAYA 27, CHENNAI

1. Integrated Ceiling Panels 2.Water Conservation 3.Breathing Building 4.Smart Airflow 5.Combined Heat & Power

BLOOMBERG, LONDON, UK

SITE SELECTION & ANALYSIS Why BENGALURU ? Favorable climatic condition and proximity to all the important facilities. Potential of a transit oriented project with programs dedicated towards engaging the public from all over the city through the Metro and Railway Station. With the introduction of information technology, the city has taken international character. This has increased the young population in the city, hence increasing the demand for jobs and offices. Transformation of the city into an IT hub has also led to commencement of many new multinationals being set up making it a perfect place for office. Finally, the buildings present in Bengaluru are mostly have glass facade, hence doesn’t disturb the skyline pattern.

Site location

Site location: Tumkur main road, Yeshwanthpur, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560022 Site entry & exit Site Boundary -

Neighbouring building typology

Uber Office

National Public School

Vaishnavi Sapphire centre

Golden Grand Apartment

ICICI Bank

Cwc RV Warehouse

Fern Residency

Kemwell Private ltd.

Access & Circulation

Transport junctions & Noise factor

Metro StationGoraguntepalya

Railway noise

Highway noise

AH47

Bus Stop

Railway StationYeshwanthpur Metro StationYeshwanthpur

AH47 Highway Metro line (station in proximity) Railway track (station in proximity)

Bus stop - 50m Metro Station - 700m Railway Station - 1000m Airport - 32000m

Vegetation & Ecology

Climate analysis

Jayaprakash Narayan park

Predominant wind direction - South-west

Muneshwara Nagar

Barren Land

Sunpath

Vegetation present

Jackfruit Neem Red silk cotton Alada mara

Ashwatha Sausage tree Mango Mehwa or Ippe

The climate of Bangalore is classified as tropically wet & seasonally dry. Mean Max Temperature : 33.4ºC l Mean Min Temperature : 15ºC Annual Rainfall : 889 mm

P S Y C H R O M E T R I C

A N A L Y S I S ● ● ●

Throughout the year, dehumidification plays a vital role in reaching the comfort zone followed by cooling and internal heat gain. The dehumidification process alone contributes about 50% of the comfort zone. The summer months can be coped up by just using the sun shade at proper direction

Takeaways from the climate analysis Most of the glass area should be in south to maximise winter sun exposure, and also an operable overhang should be design for shade in summers.

Windows overhead or sunshades can reduce or eliminate air conditioning to some extent.

Heat gain from lights, and equipments greatly reduces heating needs. So place should be well insulated for lower balance point temperature.

Glass with Low E should be placed in North, West & East direction whereas in south side, clear glass should be placed for maximum passive solar gain.

Light coloured material and cool roofs can be used to minimize conducted heat gain.

S SWOT Analysis

W O T

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Contour free site, construction becomes easy.

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Within 1km there are Metro Station, Railway Station, BMTC bus stops. This 3 transport hubs make the site easily accessible.

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Moderate climate throughout the year makes the climate well.

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As the site is near to the road so, there are loud awful sounds, disturbing the environment.

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As Bangalore is emerging in IT sector, so there is a need of Workplace for various startups and companies who want to invest. As site is located in an Industrial Area, so there is better availability of material for construction.

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The area is mainly industrial area, so maximum times there are empty street, due to which there may be a high chance of crime at night.

USER ANALYSIS Who are the users ? (User personas)

Persona 1

Persona 2

Persona 3

Fresh recruit

Manager

Top executive

Loves new technology

Modern but needs her space

Needs his own space

Loves to spend time with people his

Loves collaborating with people and

Welcomes new idea for progress,

own age and discuss ideas

hearing their ideas

not a fan of new technology

Excited and energetic

Wise and excited

Calm and wisdomous

USER ANALYSIS Interview (User research) Questionnaire

Interviewee

Name and Age

Pradyumna (24)

Paridhi (27)

Rajesh

Profession and experience

Android Developer (2 yrs)

Marketing Manager (5 yrs)

CEO (12 years)

What kind of ofﬁce space do you work in?

Traditional ofﬁce space

Initial stage startup (Open space ofﬁce)

Traditional ofﬁce space (Personal ofﬁce)

Majority time spent (Self-work or collaborative)

About 70% time self-work

About 50% time collaborative or meetings

Most time spent in meetings

Does your ofﬁce space provide enough privacy

Yes (But not needed)

Fine both ways (private or common space)

Need my personal space

Do you have/need recreational space

No, but a common eating space

Yes.

USER ANALYSIS Interview (User research) Questionnaire

Interviewee

Name and Age

Pradyumna (24)

Paridhi (27)

Rakesh

Degree to which space is ﬁtted with high-tech tools (1-5)? And how do you feel about it?

3 ( “I would love more tech in the ofﬁce” )

4 ( “Place is very efﬁcient with this” )

3 ( “I am ﬁne with how the ofﬁce is, makes people responsible for their own work” )

What is the most satisfying attribute of your workplace

Having my personal space

Has a good recreational and collaborative space

Hierarchy is well maintained in a typical ofﬁce space

What current workplace behaviour would you change

Would feel less restricted and comfortable in a open ofﬁce environment

Can improve upon privacy, have separate space

People would be more comfortable if they had more private space

USER ANALYSIS Learnings

People want a recreational space in their office.

Using new technology in buildings is welcomed.

Mix use and recreational spaces are desirable keeping in mind the hierarchy of the office remains intact.

Should keep people’s privacy in mind.

We should design a space keeping in mind

CONCEPT In these uncertain times, mental well-being becomes a major issue among office workers. The workplace is where people spend about 52 hours a week, it’s environment reflects on a person’s behaviour. Understanding the building context with the surrounding and the users is key. Catering to the needs of a variety of people becomes essential. We need to give the new generation a more open-plan environment while maintaining privacy for the older employees. The malleability of design becomes essential.

Private Cabin for seniors

Open plan for millenials and juniors

Sustainability aspect Sustainability is no longer the cherry on top of the actual building, it is a necessity and the design caters to the sustainability aspect.

Dilemma of generations People of different age groups work in an office environment. The design must cater to the needs of each individual.

Concept sphere

Experience The user experience should be focussed and calming. The workplace environment should help people concentrate on work, not restrict them.

Scale / Modularity / Malleable Different companies with different needs occupy office space, the concept has to be malleable enough to cater to everyone’s needs.

A dialogue b/w building and users The built environment should help the user perform his everyday tasks without bestowing to his hectic day of work.

FORM EVOLUTION

1. Building block with required volume considering all the setbacks.

4. The topmost part of the towers tapered to reduce wind loads and improve aesthetics

2. Building block recessed from the top, to facilitate ventilation.

5. Recession in the middle of towers

for better facade treatment and green open space

3. Recessed portion on the top is further

divided into 2 towers to improve privacy

6. Skywalk introduced, connecting the tower and providing the users with magnificent views

SOLAR ANALYSIS ●

The form of the building changed from a big uninterrupted block to a dual tower building.

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This form not only provides an aesthetic look but also mutual shading helps in reducing the overall temperature gain.

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The recession provided in the form gives a shaded cool environment.

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Lastly, the top level is helpful for solar power generation also.

FINAL FORM After encountering all the interventions in the model, final form taken into account. ●

Solar analysis: From single big

uninterrupted form to a dual tower recessed form. ●

Wind analysis: From having same

shape from top to bottom to being tapered from top as well as making the corners soft for reducing the wind load. ●

Earthquake analysis: As Bengaluru is in seismic zone 3, so earthquake load has to be taken into account. Regular shapes with firm base is preferred in this case.

BUILDING BYE LAWS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Permissible FAR - 3.57 Max Permissible Ground Coverage - 45% Max Permissible Height - No height Restriction SetBacks - According to the height. If Height > 45m then 18m Setback from all sides. Parking Requirement :50sqm. = 1 ECS

Building bye laws reference:

http://bbmp.gov.in/documents/10180/504904/Zoning_Regulations_RMP2015f.pdf/0a916060-b198-4903-b7cd-d18db7096ebd

ZONING Site Boundary setback Conference space

Corporate HQ Open Restaurant (meetings) Double height Cafeteria & restaurant (for events) Office (collaborative space)

Vertical Circulation

Offices (startup) Office space (Large traditional) Double Height entrance lobby

Fire Escape

Skywalk

Proposed Area SR.No

Description

Area(m2)

Large Office

6840

Startup Office

5600

Collaborative office

4200

Conference Spaces

672

Corporate HQ

640

Cafeteria & Restaurants

2072

Recreational Zone

2000

Parking

7000

Total Built Up Area

28984

Ground Coverage = 33.87% Plot Area = 2.55 Acre = 10332.5 m2 FAR = Built up area / Plot Area = 28984/ 10332.5 = 2.80 Permissible FAR = 3.57 Basement Parking Basement area = 3500m2 / Basement Total No. of Basement = 2 Approx Number of Parking = 420

Structural intervention Diagrid Frame structure

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Diagrid frame structure uses 20% less steel for construction. It also provides a column free space which rather makes the cutting out of space very easy.

Infilled frame structure makes it possible to provide a varied type of designer facade with recession. Green wall and open space for interaction can be provided in case infilled frame structure.

Column Beam structure

Structural intervention - Diagrid Frame THE POSSIBILITIES OF DIAGRID SYSTEMS -abstract (https://www.tboake.com/bio/diagrids-paper-revised.pdf) The term “mesh” makes direct reference to the mapping techniques of 3D modeling software and the means to make fairly direct translations from design investigations and through BIM to fabrication detailing software. The more striking examples also tend to strive for effective daylighting and use a small floor plate. This works well with the diagrid typology as the intention of the system is to eliminate interior columns between the exterior wall and the core. Diagrid based buildings began to appear in contemporary steel design around the year 2003. All three of the initial examples – London GLA, Swiss Re and the Hearst Tower. Interestingly, all three make use of unique variations of the system by virtue of their three dimensional geometry. The Hearst Tower is perhaps the most normalized given the rectangular shape of the tower – modified slightly as the corners are indented in places. The Swiss Re tower alters the design by creating a building that is not a cylinder but whose shape bulges at mid-height and tapers to a virtual point at the top (hence its nickname, Gherkin). Fig.1 Hearst tower, New York Fig.2 Swiss Re, London Fig.3 Capital Gate, Abu Dhabi Fig.4 Cocoon tower, Tokyo

CONCEALED OR ARCHITECTURALLY EXPRESSED STEEL - abstract (https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/144147702.pdf) Where the majority of skyscrapers that use more functionally driven orthogonal methods for construction will tend to conceal the structural steel behind fire protective coverings or concrete, diagrid buildings will often choose to express the steel – resulting in a higher level of aesthetic expectations on the appearance of the steel. This can translate into member choices as well as node design. The nodes in particular may become a feature of the aesthetic expression in the project. The application of tubular material in the Poly Plaza International Tower versus Capital Gate highlights the contrast between steel that will be concealed versus architecturally exposed. In the Poly Tower there is no requirement for weld remediation, greatly simplifying erection. In Capital Gate all welds needed to be remediated (ground) prior to the application of coating systems. These welded site connections between the node and members will necessitate the construction of platforms at each connection to provide a safe space for the ironworkers. Welds also require heat pre-treatment.

Capital Hall, london

Poly Plaza International, China

STRUCTURE PROFILE - abstract (https://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/3080-the-emergence-of-the-diagrid-its-all-about-the-node.pdf) A structural development can be seen as significant if it transforms design thinking. This can certainly be said of the node system of connection that is central to the concept of the diagrid system. Although not all diagrid structures are conceived of using the node and connecting member system (some structures will fabricate the node an integral part of the long diagonal members to reduce site welded connections), it does represent a significant proportion of diagrid structures. The large structural nodes that were first developed for diagrid structures have begun to create a general transformation of structural design for a wider range of “non- diagrid” buildings.

The structure is concealed inside the facade hence provide a variety of options for facade treatment

INFERENCES 1.

Building facade can be differentiated with the structural system hence there is no interaction between them. Therefore elements like balcony or cut outs can be created. [1]

It is possible either to hide the structural system so as to get a better view of the facade and express wherever it enhances the beauty of the building. This will allow us provide a column free space without compromising with the beautiful facade. [2]

With the ever changing technology the design of structure is changing and allows for working out with great form and hence defying the laws. It can be inferred through this, that curves in the building can easily be constructed nowadays. [3]

Fig.1 walkway outside the structure.[1] Fig.2 Openings with greenery.[2] Fig.3 Curvilinear structure.[3]

SITE PLANNING

Neem tree Ashoka tree Mango tree

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Plantation of trees at the boundary of the site not only controls the micro-climate but also behaves as a absorption pad for the outside noise.

9m wide two way lane

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Presence of greenery around increases the concentration level of the employer as well as improves health.

Transformer

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Provision of terrace garden also rejuvenates the mind and body.

Recreational space

Towards basement parking

Grand Gold Apartment road Grey water treatment plant Main entry Pedestrian walkway Service entry Office bus parking Graphical scale

AH-47

8000

6000

8000

BASEMENT PLANNING

10000

Basement floor to floor lvl. = 2400mm Total basement parking lvl. = 3 levels Total parking per lvl. = 108 + 2 (disabled parking) Total available parking = 324 + 6

10000

Ramp width = 4500mm x 2

10000

= 9000mm Ramp slope provided = 1:10

8000

6000

8000

10000

Disabled parking (6 nos.) 4000mm x 5000mm

10000

Car parking (324 nos.) 2000mm x 5000mm

10000

N Basement plan level 2 & 3

Basement plan level 1

AREA STATEMENT Space

Occupancy/unit

Number of units

Total Area

Basement Basement 1

3375

Basement 2

3443

8000

6000

FLOOR PLANNING

8000

Office 1 Leisure Activities

10000

Cafe for Public 10000

10000

8000

Washroom

Plaza for a better air circulation

8000

6000

8000

10000

Horizontal circulation

10000

Office 2 10000

Vertical Circulation

10000

Vertical Circulation 10000

10000 10000

Administration 10000

10000

Office 3

Meeting Space

10000

N Ground floor level

Graphical scale

Large offices (1st & 2nd floor)

LARGE OFFICE PLANNING ●

Monotonous machine line arrangement avoided. Cubicles places after one another is not an efficient arrangement and workers lose their sense of identity.

●

Compelling blend of various spaces in the work station (cubicles, conference spaces, lounge areas) to improve the overall user experience

●

Hierarchy among the workforce conserved with a combination of open, sem-open and close workspaces.

●

Common areas are not made very isolated or enclosed in order to avoid harassment in the workplace.

●

More than 50% of outer walls of the office have a view or fenestrations for direct sunlight, to ensure better mental health of the workers.

●

Adequate buffer space in the planning so there is no clutter, better experience for workers.

Meeting hall Open plan

Entry

Cabin

Circulation

Large offices (1st & 2nd floor)

AREA STATEMENT Space

Occupancy/unit

Number of units

Total Area

Ground Floor Administration

353

Leisure Activities

390

Cafe for public

272

Toilet (M+F)

124

Meeting Space

208

Core (stair+lift)

Circulation

1868

AREA STATEMENT Space

Occupancy/unit

Number of units

Total Area

First Floor Large Office Office 1

1037

Office 2

709

Office 3

1050

Toilet (M+F)

124

Core

Circulation

572

AREA STATEMENT Space

Occupancy/unit

Number of units

Total Area

Second Floor Large Office Office 1

1090

Office 2

740

Office 3

1103

Toilet (M+F)

124

Core

Circulation

579

8000

6000

FLOOR PLANNING

8000

6000

8000

Terrace garden (4th floor only)

10000

Office 1

10000

Office 2

10000

Office 3 Vertical Circulation

10000

Horizontal circulation Vertical Circulation

10000

Office 2

10000

Office 1

10000

Office 3

10000

N Startup office (3rd & 6th floor)

Co-work office (7th-9th floor) Graphical scale

OFFICE PLANNING ●

●

Cabin

More space has been allocated to common and leisure spaces, since founders spend more than 8 hours in startups. Also, these spaces encourage discussion and collaborative work.

Leisure area

Compelling blend of various spaces in the work station (work desks, conference space, lounge area) to improve the overall user experience. More interactive spaces- library common seating, personal reading spaces and playing area provided to ensure productive day of work

Malleable planning, both of these have similar planning and hence can be transformed into one another. So, there's no compulsion that a particular type of company has to occupy a space.

Startup office

Entry

Circulation

Most of the outer walls exposed to views and daylight, leading to better mental health

Cowork office

Various spaces combined (like work desks, lounge-pantry, private offices) to improve the overall user experience. Hierarchy among the workforce conserved with a combination of open, sem-open and close workspaces.

Meeting room

Leisure area Co-work

Cabin

Meeting room

AREA STATEMENT Space

Occupancy/unit

Number of units

Total Area

3rd-6th Floor Startup Office Office 1

230

2*4

1840

Office 2

230

2*4

1840

Office 3

122

2*4

976

Toilet (M+F)

2*4

400

Core

2*4

272

Circulation

111

2*4

888

AREA STATEMENT Space

Occupancy/unit

Number of units

Total Area

7th-9th Floor Collaborative Office Office 1

111

2*3

666

Office 2

140

2*3

840

Office 3

2*3

432

Toilet (M+F)

2*3

300

Core

2*3

204

Circulation

104

2*3

624

8000

6000

FLOOR PLANNING

8000

6000

8000

Couple dining 10000

10000

Kitchen

10000

Horizontal circulation

10000

Office 3

10000

Horizontal circulation Vertical Circulation

10000

Vertical Circulation

10000

Group dining 10000

10000

Stairs

10000

N Restaurant (10th floor)

Graphical scale

Restaurant & dining (10th mezzanine floor)

AREA STATEMENT Space

Occupancy/unit

Number of units

Total Area

Tenth Floor 2x Heighted Restaurant Kitchen

200

400

Toilet (M+F)

100

Core

Circulation+eating space

494

988

500

1000

Mezzanine Lvl Circulation+eating space

8000

6000

FLOOR PLANNING Cafe

8000

10000

8000

Conference hall

10000

Waiting area

10000

Horizontal circulation

10000

Vertical Circulation

10000

Vertical Circulation

10000

Corporate headquarters HR office

10000

Waiting area

10000

8000

6000

10000

Open dining for HQ & meeting employees

8000

Kitchen

10000

8000

10000

N Open Dining & cafetaria (11th floor)

Graphical scale

Corporate HQ & Conference hall (12th & 13th floor)

AREA STATEMENT Space

Occupancy/unit

Number of units

Total Area

Eleventh Floor Open Cafe Kitchen

160

Toilet (M+F)

Core

Circulation+eating space

670

1340

AREA STATEMENT Space

Occupancy/unit

Number of units

Total Area

Twelfth Floor HR Rooms

160

Toilet (M+F)

Core

Circulation

200

400

AREA STATEMENT Space

Occupancy/unit

Number of units

Total Area

Thirteenth Floor HR Room

Conference

Toilet (M+F)

Core

Circulation

200

400

MATERIAL PALETTE Saint Gobain Glass (COOL-LITE® XTREME) It is the range of triple silver solar control glass reaching outstanding selectivity superior to 2. This solution protects interior spaces from heating up while maximizing daylight. Thereby sustainably reducing the cooling, heating and lighting effort required ; the result is a bright atmosphere and comfortable room temperature – in any season. ENERGY SAVING

WINTER COMFORT

DAYLIGHT COMFORT

SUMMER COMFORT

Light Transmit -tance LT (%)

Solar Factor g -value

Solar heat gain Coefficient SHGC

External Light Reflectance LRe (%)

Internal Light Reflectance LRi (%)

U-Value W/(m².K)

XTREME 70/33 II

0.31

0.36*0.87 = 0.31

1.5 (12mm air) 1.0 (16mm argon)

Typical single glazed glass

0.81

Typical double glazed glass

0.48

MATERIAL PALETTE Composite steel-concrete structure

Structural members that are made up of two or more different materials are known as composite elements. Steel-concrete composite elements use concrete's compressive strength alongside steel's resistance to tension, and when tied together this results in a highly efficient and lightweight unit that is commonly used for structures such as multi-storey buildings and bridges. COMPOSITE SLABS Composite slabs are typically constructed from reinforced concrete cast on top of profiled steel decking, (re-entrant or trapezoidal). COMPOSITE BEAMS Downstand beam A downstand beam is connected to a composite slab by the use of through-deck welded shear studs. Shallow floors Shallow floors are where the main part of the steel section is within the concrete slab depth, and can be used for a span range of around 4-9 m.

MATERIAL PALETTE Roof Garden

Though the benefits of having live plants in the workplace are proven, many businesses simply don’t have the room for a breakout area that’s also outdoors. A rooftop garden is the best option for an outdoor green space in such buildings. ● It converts CO2 emissions ● It reduces the heat of buildings and energy costs ● It reduces ambient temperature ● It captures and harvests rainwater ● It reduces storm water runoff and discharge

Green walls

The “green wall” or “vegetated façade” is defined as a system in which plants grow on a vertical surface such as a building façade in a controlled fashion and with regularly maintenance. ● Purify the air ● Reduce the ambient temperature ● Control the ambient noise ● Boost productivity with interactive facades ● Bring about meaningful social interactions

ELEVATION - Front side 68.00 64.00 60.00 56.00 52.00

44.00 40.00 36.00 32.00 28.00 24.00 20.00 16.00 12.00 8.00

0.00

Graphical scale

Back Side

ELEVATION

Highway Side

68.00 64.00 60.00 56.00 52.00

44.00 40.00 36.00 32.00 28.00 24.00 20.00 16.00 12.00 8.00

0.00

Graphical scale

PERSPECTIVE SECTION AA’

Graphical scale

PERSPECTIVE SECTION BB’

Graphical scale

DESIGN INSIGHTS ●

As the structure of the tower is wholly diagrid, it allows column free space for easy division of spaces.

●

Provision of uninterrupted vertical circulation helps in providing easy access as well as clear demarcation building services.

●

Terrace garden garden is also maintained at the fourth level, again this act as a barrier to the noise of the services in proximity.

SECTION CC’ Vertical circulation

Graphical scale

AXONOMETRIC VIEW

1. Use of diagrid frame in structure

D E S I G N Entry/exit

Graphical scale

M V Ps

2. Terrace garden

3. Vertical Garden

3. Plantation for noise reduction

3. Use of Saint Gobain Glass for exterior & photovoltaic panels

WHY SUSTAINABILITY Sustainable architecture is the architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space and the ecosystem at large. It uses a conscious approach to energy and ecological conservation in the design of the built environment. In the present day context, it is necessary that the building is affordable, accessible and environmentally less damaging.

PHYTOREMEDIATION Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and/or destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater. There are several different types of phytoremediation mechanisms. Plants in use:

1.Canna indica

2. Helianthus (sunflower)

3. Indian Mustard

SOLAR PANEL Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity. A photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged, connected assembly of photovoltaic solar cells available in different voltages and wattages. Photovoltaic modules constitute the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system that generates and supplies solar electricity in buildings. Area of the roof available = 2000 sqm Area using = 2000 + 400 Total area used = 2400 sqm. Total unit requirement 150x120 =18000 units + 35% (18000) for circulation & facilities = 18000+6300 24300 units/month

Irradiance capacity of sunlight per month for Bangalore Solar energy conversion rate 0.25

=5.81 x 2400 =13944 units =13944 x0.25 = 3486 units

Approximately, 15% of the overall electricity consumption is incurred by solar energy.

GREY WATER TREATMENT PLANT Grey water is water that has been used for washing dishes, laundering clothes, or bathing. Essentially, any water, other than toilet wastes, draining from a household is Grey water. Although this used water may contain grease, food particles, hair, and any number of other impurities, it may still be suitable for reuse. The reuse of Grey water serves two purposes: ➔ It reduces the amount of freshwater needed to supply a for offices. ➔ It reduces the amount of wastewater entering sewer or septic systems. The easiest way to use greywater is by treating it with ozonation and filtration system: ➔ Pressure sand Filter removes suspended solids. ➔ Activated Carbon Filter removes color, odor & other inorganic impurities. ➔ Coarse mesh filter bag removes large particles such as lint and hair. Water storage tank

Treatment plant

This water can be used in gardening, mopping, laundry & water closet usage. Sewer line

PLASTIC ROADS Some of the most common plastics used in packagings such as polyethylene terephthalate (PETE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Polypropylene (PP), and high and low-density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE) can be reused in making plastic roads which can withstand monsoon damage. Process: ➔ Sorting of Plastic Waste ➔ Cleaning, Drying, Shredding of waste ➔ Shredded Plastic is mixed and melted at around 170˚ C ➔ Hot Bitumen is mixed ➔ The mix is poured over stones

GRASSCRETE: Sustainable paving systems Instead of using concrete as paving material, grasscrete would be used, which has a definite pattern of voids replacing concrete with grassed soil or stone to allow water to pass through them and increase the water table. The pavers help avoid carbon dioxide buildup and reduce the urban heat island effect. The pavers can also be recycled for future grasscrete applications.

COVID-19 CONTEXT Let’s take a step onto the obvious, we cannot talk about futuristic and modern design and ignore COVD-19 related impacted. For everyone, the rapid spread of COVID-19 has caused them to re-evaluate their life’s work, and what it might mean to design for a world that will never be quite the same, especially when it comes to how we gather in and use large public spaces, like airports, hotels, hospitals, gyms, and offices Buildings and space need to be re-imagined with the increasing understanding of the pandemic.

TECHNOLOGYAlmost everyone predicts that public spaces will move toward more automation to mitigate contagion, with COVID-19 speeding up development of all types of touchless technology— ● Automatic doors, ● Voice-activated elevators, ● Cellphone-controlled hotel room entry, ● Hands-free light switches and temperature controls, ● Automated luggage bag tags, and ● Advanced airport check-in and security.

1.Glass covered desks- prevent transmission but not visual connectivity

COVID CENTRED DESIGN

4..Proper distancing between seating is ensured for social distancing norms

Techniques incorporated

2.Proper social distancing and sanitation norms are implemented

3.Social interaction of workers has been limited. (outside the office)

5.Modern touchless technologies are favored while designing.

COVID CENTRED DESIGN- Layout There are basically two different layout we created keeping in mind the current COVID-19 scenario.

IN AND OUT LAYOUThas more desks and cubicles but still relies on people working remotely In and Out relies on rotating teams and imagines just a percentage of the company in the office. Desks and private tables with barriers fill the space.

THE COLLECTIVE LAYOUTmost closely resembles a typical open-plan office Collectives, features an open-plan office with clusters of places to work and take breaks. It most closely resembles offices and co-working spaces pre-coronavirus.

Easy and breezy is beautiful Public health officials agree that one of the simplest ways to prevent the indoor spread of any contagious respiratory virus is to increase the volume of outside air that comes into our buildings. The simple act of cracking a window can meaningfully dilute the concentration of infectious particles in the air.

Open plan is here to stay Rather than seal employees into individual hard-walled rooms, office designed can preserve the benefits of open-plan offices by installing airflow systems that filter and reduce the amount of exhaled air from other people that employees inhale. Displacement ventilation can be a better solution than traditional ventilation systems.

Design for flexibility While some employers are eager to get employees back to an on-site, 9-to-6 workday, others are imagining a future where employees go into the office only as needed. Shifting to a hybrid model of in-person and at-home work for each employee could push companies to dedicate more square footage to collaborative spaces and less to individual workstations. "Let's let offices become team spaces," she says. "Take those rows and rows of desks and turn them into carefully controlled spaces that people feel comfortable being in."

Let the outside in "Biophilic design" can boost productivity and physical health. Our panel cited strategies such as installing "living walls" instead of bland partitions and incorporating circadian-friendly lighting that brightens and dims across the workday. More thoughtfully carving up a building's footprint can, quite literally, brighten up the workday. People who sit toward the center of large buildings can feel like they work inside a cave.

OPEN CAFE VIEW

TOWER VIEW

FINAL 3D VISUALISATION

EXTERIOR VIEW

SKYWALK VIEW

NIGHT VIEW

ENTRANCE SIDE

FINAL 3D VISUALISATION

HIGHWAY SIDE

MORNING VIEW

OPEN CAFE VIEW

CONFERENCE ROOM

FINAL 3D VISUALISATION - INTERIOR

CO-WORK SPACE

STARTUP MEETING SPACE

WAITING LOBBY FOR CONFERENCE

STARTUP OFFICE VIEW

FINAL 3D VISUALISATION - INTERIOR

HEAD’S OFFICE VIEW

RECEPTION SPACE

FINAL 3D VISUALIZATION - DAY VIEW