Adaptive Reuse | Industrial Heritage in Dubai by Asiya Siddiqi

G u a r d ia n s of the pas t, i ndus tri a n d ex p loits of those who wor ke a re im p or t ant mi l es t ones i n the h u ma n ity’s dual power of des tr en gen d er s both nui sanc es and of a b etter l i f e, and the ev er-gr Fa ls e r, M . UNE S CO

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a l s i t es t e s t if y t o th e or d ea ls e d i n t he m. Ind u s tria l sites e h i s t or y o f hum a n ity, ma r kin g u c t i on a nd cr e a tion th a t p r o g r e s s . T hey emb od y th e h ope r e a t er p o we r over ma tter.

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WHAT WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL IS INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE? HERITAGE? Industrial Industrial heritage heritage is a part is a of part ourofcultural our cultural heritage. heritage. ApartApart from from industrial industrial buildings buildings and machinery, and machinery, it alsoit includes also includes the story the story of theofcountry the country and itsandrole itsitrole it playedplayed in theinpast, the past, its values its values for today for today and tomorrow, and tomorrow, illustrating illustrating to thetovisitors the visitors Industriana Industriana EU, (n.d.)EU, (n.d.) from from what what is remaining is remaining behind. behind. It is part It is of part theoflanguage the language of a country of a country whichwhich tells stories tells stories of its ofpast its and pastitsand its advancements advancements to thetofuture. the future.

PROJECT PROJECT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT With Dubai’s fast-paced development transforming the the city,unfortunate the unfortunate aftermath With Dubai’s fast-paced development transforming the city, aftermath the demolition of potential industrial heritage structures. has witnessed is theisdemolition of potential industrial heritage structures. DubaiDubai has witnessed a rapid change a desert a fishing to a commercially a rapid change from from a desert and aand fishing villagevillage to a commercially drivendriven city. city. Industrial production structures witnessed this historic development the Emirate. Industrial production structures witnessed this historic development of theofEmirate. the medium very medium through was toable to develop at such They They were were the very through whichwhich DubaiDubai was able develop at such a rate.a rate. With some of these structures demolition it is to vital to identify With some of these structures underunder demolition threat,threat, it is vital identify them them and propose a solution to preserve historic structures. Simultaneously and propose a solution to preserve thesethese historic structures. Simultaneously thesethese historic structures be integrated into Dubai’s development. the UAE historic structures must must be integrated into Dubai’s futurefuture development. As theAsUAE the preservation of heritage structures in Dubai, it is important highlyhighly valuesvalues the preservation of heritage structures in Dubai, it is important that that Industrial heritage not overlooked. buildings arefabric the fabric that gave Industrial heritage is notisoverlooked. TheseThese buildings are the that gave life tolife to the city’s skyscrapers as their complex infrastructures provided the population the city’s skyscrapers as their complex infrastructures provided the population with with the required products to meet the required products to meet their their needsneeds In alike cityDubai like Dubai and even theregion Gulf region onlyindustrial one industrial site has In a city and even in theinGulf wherewhere only one site has registered UNESCO’s Industrial Heritage, it is important to identify, been been registered underunder UNESCO’s Industrial Heritage, it is important to identify, preserve, and apply adaptive the remaining first-of-its-kind industrial preserve, and apply adaptive reusereuse to thetoremaining first-of-its-kind industrial sites/buildings contributed to telling a story the city’s achievements, sites/buildings whichwhich contributed to telling a story of theofcity’s achievements, as a symbol a trophy its advancements overpast the 50 pastyears. 50 years. actingacting as a symbol and aand trophy to itstoadvancements over the

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INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | IN DUBAI INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | | PASTINDUSTRIALIZATION HISTORY PAST HISTORY IN DUBAI | INDUSTRIALIZATION PAST HISTORY PAST HISTORY 1960S - 2020 - 2020 1960S1960S - OF 2020 IMPACT INDUSTRIALIZATION 1960SIMPACT - OF2020 OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IMPACT INDUSTRIALIZATION INTERVIEWS (DUBAI MUNICIPALITY) IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION INTERVIEWS (DUBAI(DUBAI MUNICIPALITY) INTERVIEWS MUNICIPALITY) INTERVIEWS (DUBAI MUNICIPALITY)

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table of contents table table of contents of contents table of contents table of contents

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INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | || INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | FUTURE PRESENT FUTURE PRESENT INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | PAST HISTORY FUTURE PRESENT FUTURE DOCUMENTATION PRESENT DOCUMENTATION BUILDING BUILDING BUILDING DOCUMENTATION BUILDING DOCUMENTATION BUILDING DOCUMENTATION BUILDING DOCUMENTATION (IMPLEMENTED DESIGN STRATEGIES) (CURRENT STANDING FACTORIES) 1960S - 2020 BUILDING DOCUMENTATION BUILDING DOCUMENTATION (IMPLEMENTED DESIGN STRATEGIES) (IMPLEMENTED DESIGN STRATEGIES) (CURRENT STANDING FACTORIES)IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION (CURRENT STANDING FACTORIES) INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE CRITERIA (IMPLEMENTED DESIGN STRATEGIES) (CURRENT STANDING FACTORIES) INDUSTRIAL CRITERIA INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE CRITERIAINTERVIEWS (DUBAI MUNICIPALITY CASE STUDIESHERITAGE - ADAPTIVE REUSE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE CRITERIA CASE STUDIES ADAPTIVE REUSE GATHERED DESIGN STRATEGIES CASE STUDIES - ADAPTIVE REUSE CASEGATHERED STUDIES -DESIGN ADAPTIVE REUSE GATHERED DESIGN STRATEGIES STRATEGIES GATHERED DESIGN STRATEGIES

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | PAST HISTORY 1960s - 2012

At t h e t i m e o f inc r eas ing globalis at i o n , th e p r o t e c t i o n , c ons er vat ion, int er pr et a ti o n a n d p r e se n t a t i o n of t he her it age and c ul tu r a l d i v e r si t y o f any par t ic ular plac e or r e g i o n i s a n i m p o r t a n t c h allenge f or people ev er y w h e re .

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International Cultur al To u r i s m C h a r t e r, I C O MO S , 19 9 9

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Dub a i In d u s t r i a l A r e a s A n a l y z e d

signif icant gr owth/reduction

1960s - 1980

1983 - 1993

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je b e l a li al quoz u m r a mo o l a l q u sa is a l k h a b a isi p o r t sa e e d ras al khor

• • • • • • •

je b e l a li al quoz u m r a mo o l a l q u sa is a l k h a b a isi p o r t sa e e d ras al khor

• • • • • • •

je b e l a li al quoz u m r a mo o l a l q u sa is a l k h a b a isi p o r t sa e e d ras al khor

1993 - 201 2

1960s - 1980

• jebel ali • al quoz • um ramool

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | PAST HISTORY IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

Jeb el Al i

1983 - 19 9 3

1993 - 2 01 2

201 2 - 2 0 2 0

Mos t i ndus tri al a r e a s w h i c h w e re p rev i o usly e s t a b lish e d d id n o t ch ange as m uc h a s Je b e l Al i , Al Q u o z , Al Q u sa is, a n d R a s A l K h o r did. One of the mo s t s i g n i fa c t r e a s o n wa s b e ca u se th e se a re a s w e re co ns ider ed m or e e f f e c ti ve l y p l a c e d - a way fr o m th e city lif e a n d res ident i al s pa c e s . Du bai ’ s i ndus tri a l a re a s w e re n ev e r r e a l ly in th e lime -lig h t bec aus e they a re o n l y th o u g h t o f a s s e r v ice a re a s - p r ovid in g a ser vic e t o the c i ty t o d eve l o p i t s c o mme r cia l, re sid e n tia l, a n d gr and i nfr as t ru c tu r e . T h i s i s a l s o o n e o f th e re a so n s w h y th e se in dus t ri al area s w e re ke p t a way fr o m th e d eve lo p in g re sid e n tia l and c om m er c ia l a re a s . H o w ev e r, a s t h e c ity g re w sin ce th e 19 6 0 s, thes e i ndus tri a l a r e a s b e c a me mo r e a n d mo re e mb e d d e d w ith in th e dev el opi ng area s . As an ex am ple, Al Q u o z I n d u s t r i a l a r e a w hich is in th e ce n te r o f Du bai es s enti a l l y w i t h e a s e o f t r a n s p o r t a n d su rr o u n d e d by vie w s of Bur j K halifa a n d a l o n g t h e Sh e i k h Z ayed Ro a d , th is h a s q u ick ly bec om e of c onc e rn d u e t o t h e fa c t i t l a c k s visu a l co n n e ctio n t o th e dev el opi ng c i ty. Ma n y o f t h e h i s t o r i c a l fact o rie s s t a n d in g in A l Q u o z sinc e 19 6 0 s no w fa c e a th r e a t o f r e l o c a t i o n & d e mo litio n , a s d id thos e i n Um m Ra mo o l , Ra s Al Kh o r, a n d J e b e l A li. As of t oday, Du b a i Mu n i c i p a l i t y h a s a p p r ove d p la n s t o tr a n sf o rm A l Qu oz Indus tri al Are a i n t o a n a r t d i s t r i c t ( Cottingham, P. (2020) ). In 2 01 2 they lo o ke d a t o n e o f t h e f i r s t c eme n t fa ct o rie s in D u b a i loc ated i n A l Q u o z t o b e r e l o c a t e d t o a s u it a b le p la ce t o su it th e fu t ure of the are a a s a n a r t d i s t r i c t. T h i s p o se s a ve r y a la rmin g th r eat t o s om e o f th e s e h i s t o ri c a l l y s i g n if ica n t a n d va lu a b le s truc tures which h av e w i t n e s s e d t h e e n t i re d eve lo p me n t o f th e city fr om i ts hum ble b e g i n n i n g s a s a d e s e r t.

Ind u s tria l X Co mmu n iti es

• i n d u s t r i a l a r ea s • r esi d en t i a l a r ea s

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | PRESENT INTERVIEWS (DUBAI MUNICIPALITY)

Pe ter Cottingham - Senior Specialis t U rban Pla n n er D ubai Municipality (N ovem ber 2020) Q1) W h a t we r e t h e f ir s t i nd ust r i al ar eas i n Dub ai ? Ar e t her e a ny m a p s w i t h zo n i ng a l l o c a t e d t o i nd us t ria l zo n es ( in clu di ng l oc a t i on and year t hey wer e b ui l t ? ) Answe r) T h e r e a r e pr ev i ous map s of Dub ai Muni c i p al i t y ’s p l ans t h a t h ig h l ig h t i n d u s t r i a l a r eas i n Duba i a lo ng w it h t h e r esi d ent i al and c ommer c i al ar eas sur r oun d i ng t h e m . T h e i n d u s t r i a l a r eas w e r e m ost l y k e pt a way fr o m t he p ub l i c v i ew and r esi d ent i al ar eas be c a u s e t h ey d o l a ck v i s u a l c o n n e c t i o n t o t he r es t o f D u ba i. Q2) Do es D u ba i Mu n ic ip al i t y have cur r ent or f ut ur e p l ans t o dea l w i t h i n d u s t r i a l a r eas s u ch as A l Q uoz? Answe r) I t is c o n f ide n t ial b ut wha t i s ap p r o ved i s t ha t t he p l a n s t o c o n ve r t A l Q u o z i n t o a n a r t a n d cul t u r a l dis t ric t h as a lr ead y b een ap p r o ved and i s no w i n t he h a n d s o f H i s H ig h n ess. T h e r e w i l l al so be m et r o lin es r u n ni ng t hr oug h t he c ent er of Al Q uoz which a l l o w s f o r i t t o b e c o m e c e n t e r o f t r anspo r t a tio n as well. T ha t i s one of t he r easons why Al Q uo z i s a n i mp o r t a n t l o c a t i o n t o c o n s i d e r w hen t h in k ing o f a da pti ve r euse of Ind ust r i al ar eas. Q3) Do es D u ba i Mu n ic ip al i t y have cur r ent or f ut ur e st r a t eg i es t o d ea l w i t h sp e c i f i c a l l y s o m e o f t hese impo r t a n t in du s t ri al p r od uc t i on st r uc t ur es and sp ac es? Answe r) We do n o t h a ve r esear ch on t he i mp or t anc e of any of t h e i n d u s t r i a l s i t es o r s t r u c t u r es specif ic a ll y s o if yo u h a ve r esear ch on t ha t, d o shar e t ha t w i t h D u b a i M u n i c i p a l i t y. O t h e r t h a n t h a t I w ou ld if yo u h a ve ide n t i f i ed i nd ust r i al her i t ag e i n Dub ai , t hen w ays t o u s e a da p t i ve r e u s e w o u l d b e l ook i ng a t exa mples s u ch as Emscher P ar k i n G er many. It was a n i n d u s t r i a l a r ea a n d t h e s t r u c t u r es sti l l s t a n d t h e r e w it h t h e ent i r e l and t ur ned i nt o a g r een sp ac e w i t h p l ay f u l a r eas t h a t a l l o w s f o r c om m u n it y t o pa r t ic ipa t e i n t ha t ar ea v i sual l y and p hysi c al l y. We w a n t p e o p l e t o b e a b l e t o w a l k t hr ough t h es e pr ev io u s l y i nd ust r i al ar eas no w i n Dub ai and may b e w a l k t h r o ug h t h e g r e e n e r y a n d have a cu p o f t ea o r c o f f ee ami d st t hese ar eas. T he st r a t eg y f r o m E m s ch e r P a r k c as e s t u d y c o u l d be ap plie d t o A l Q u o z mayb e. Or mayb e you c oul d have af f or da b l e h o u s i ng f o r yo u ng a r t i s t s t h a t w i l l be r es iding in A l Q u oz si nc e af f or dab l e housi ng i n g ener al f o r l a b o r s o r l o w - i n c o m e w o r k e r s h as al r ea d y be e n well pla n n ed by t he Muni c i p al i t y. Si nc e t he ar ea w i l l b e h o s t i ng a r t i s t s, i t w o u l d b e usef ul t o h a ve a n a f f o r dab l e housi ng f or young ar t i st s. Q4) S o D u ba i Mu n ic ipa lit y has no t i nvest iga t ed t he p o t ent i al of i n d u s t r i a l h e r i t ag e ex i s t i ng i n D u b a i t hen? Answe r) No, we h a ve n o t l ooked a t i nd ust r i al ar eas as her i t age b u t i t i s c e r t a i n l y a n i n t e r es t i ng t opi c t o lo o k a t be c a u s e we ar e d evel op i ng so f ast and t he c i t y h as m a d e u s e o f t h es e s t r u c t u r es f o r year s s o it m a k es s e n s e t o l ook a t t hem as her i t ag e. Do shar e yo u r r es ea r ch f i n d i ngs a n d s t r a t eg i es w i t h u s it w o u ld be h elpf ul t o k no w.

Mar am Yaqoob Moham med - U rban Planner D u bai Municipality (N ovember 2020) Q 1 ) W h a t w e r e t h e f i r s t i n d u s t r i a l a r eas i n D u b a i ? A r e t h e r e a ny m a p s w i t h zo n i ng a l l o c a t e d t o i n d u s t r i a l zo n es ( i n cl u d i ng l o c a t i o n a n d yea r t h ey w e r e b u i l t ? ) Answer) I will share the maps with you that show these zonings from 1970s till 2020. We cannot share the new Master Plan. Q 2 ) Do es D u b a i M u n i c i p a l i t y h a ve cu r r e n t o r f u t u r e d evel o p m e n t p l a n s t o d ea l w i t h i n d u s t r i a l a r eas s u ch as A l Q u o z ? A n s w e r ) I n d u s t r i a l a r eas a r e n o t p a r t i cu l a r l y s o m et h i ng w e f o cu s o n i n t e r m s o f d evel o p i ng u r b a n p l a n s as m o s t o f t h e p l a n s a r e b as e d a r o u n d r es i d e n t i a l o r c o m m e r c i a l u s es o r t r a n sp o r t sys t e m s. B u t i f w e a r e t a l k i ng a b o u t A l Q u o z t h e n i t i s o n e o f t h e a r eas t h a t i s g o i ng t o b e t r a n sf o r m e d i n t o a n a r t d i s t r i c t. We a r e a l s o p l a n n i ng t o h a ve D u b a i t u r n i n t o a 1 5 - m i n u t e c i t y i n t e r m s o f i t b e c o m i ng a c e n t e r o f t r a n sp o r t a t i o n . M ay b e t h i s i s h el p f u l w h e n i t c o m es t o p l a n n i ng yo u r r es ea r ch . Q 3 ) Do es D u b a i M u n i c i p a l i t y h a ve cu r r e n t o r f u t u r e s t r a t eg i es t o d ea l w i t h sp e c i f i c a l l y s o m e o f t h es e i mp o r t a n t i n d u s t r i a l p r o d u c t i o n s t r u c t u r es a n d sp a c es? A n s w e r ) No t r ea l l y b u t i f yo u l o o k a t A l Q u o z f o r exa mp l e, i t i s a n i mp o r t a n t c e n t r a l l o c a t i o n w h i ch i s s o m et h i ng t o b e c o n s i d e r e d w h e n p l a n n i ng f o r a n a r ea l i k e t h a t. H o w ever, i f yo u l o o k a t s o m e o f t h es e f a c t o r i es i n A l Q u o z, t h ey h a ve c o n t r i b u t e d t o r e n a m i ng t h e a r ea as A l Q u o z I n d u s t r i a l a r ea s o t h e r e m ig h t b e s o m e va l u e i n t h a t. Q 4 ) S o D u b a i M u n i c i p a l i t y h as n o t l o o k e d i n t o t h e p o t e n t i a l o f i n d u s t r i a l h e r i t ag e ex i s t i ng i n D u b a i t h e n ? A n s w e r ) No, as I m e n t i o n e d w e h a ve n o t l o o k e d a t t h i s sp e c i f i c a l l y. I n t h e p l a n s s h a r e d by D u b a i M u n i c i p a l i t y i n 2 0 1 2 , t h ey d i d l o o k a t r el o c a t i o n o f t h e Na t i o n a l C e m e n t Fa c t o r y. T h a t m ay s t i l l b e t h e p l a n t i l l t o day. S o i f t h i s i s a n i mp o r t a n t i n d u s t r i a l s t r u c t u r e w h i ch m ay b e p a r t o f D u b a i’s h e r i t ag e t h e n p e r h a p s yo u c a n i d e n t i f y w hy t h i s i s t h e c as e.

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | PRESENT BUILDING DOCUMENTATION (INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE)

EMIRATES MACARONI FACTORY

NATIONAL CEMENT FACTORY

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATIONS

“ Isn’t not paying attention t o all aspects of our her

is. As locals, we say we have a lot of culture but w his t oric buildings because they do not integr ate or then we regret losing that par t of herit age. So, w tr ying t o replicate these buildings which is not the that there is value in our buildings besides the mo demolishing and s t ar t adaptive reuse t o preser ve th the remind the city of Dubai, do not f or get indus tr y Asma Bukhammas, Local Ar chitect

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rit age a loss on our end? I think it cer t ainly here is it? We keep t aking down cultur al and r f it int o the development plans of Dubai and we tr y t o rebuild the herit age and culture by same anymore. The bigger discussion here is onet ar y value. Theref ore, should we not s t op he herit age behind these s tructures? This will was par t of and was behind its development.

Emir a te s Ma c ar o n i Fa c t o r y Al Q uo z I nd us tr i a l A r e a 197 9 p ot en t ia l in d u s t r ia l he rit ag e

His t oric Back g r ou n d | Th e E m i r a te s Ma c a r o n i Fa c t o r y f ounded by the father of Ahm ed B el youha i n 1976 - 197 9 , where th e in s p i r a t i on b e h in d t h e fa ct or y was the local f ood of “Balaleet”. Thi s was the f i r s t ever m aca r o n i fa c t o r y wit h a s t r o n g cultur al back gr ound and value that pr oduced macar oni t o the p o p u l a t i on o f t h e UAE ( Ah me d Belyouha, 2020).

197 9

1999

2 019

2020

es t ablished p r oduction beg an

school t our s attem pt t o integr ate & educate local communities

s till exis ting functioning s tructure cultur al social signif icance

lacks visual connection + social integr ation - Al Quoz tr ansf ormation threat of relocation

k ei

d ye

Def ined by U NE SC O’ s I n d u s tri a l H e ri t a g e Cri te ri a In du s t r i a l i z a t i on Va l u e – E m er g e d during 1976 - 197 9 , whe re f o o d p r o d u ct i o n wa s i n d e m a n d a n d w i t n e s s e d t he b o om of f ood m a n u fa c t u r i ng while c o ntributing alo ng s ide . Was a l s o t h e f i r s t ev e r m a ca r o n i fa ct o r y i n UA E . I t wa s a l so t h e on l y fa c t or y s t anding in A l Q uo z whe re as eve r y t h i n g s u r r o u n d i n g i t wa s a d e s e r t . It i s s t i l l s t a n di n g a n d fu n c t i on i n g as o f 2 0 2 0 and due t o its prime loca t i o n a l o n g t h e S h e i k h Z aye d Ro a d , i t h o l d s h i gh l a n d va l u e a n d c ou l d be unde r po te ntial thre at o f re lo c a t i o n a cco r d i n g t o t h e n e w A l Q u o z r e d ev e l op m en t/ t r a n sf or m a t i on p lans f r o m an indus trial are a t o an ar t a n d cu l t u r a l d i s t r i ct . Ar c h i t e c t u r a l Va l u e – N / A So ci a l Va l u e – St r on g soc i a l c o nne c tio ns t o the c ulture and c o mmu n i t y. Th e o r i g i n s o f t h e f a ct o r y w e r e b as ed on t h e c u l t u r a l f ood of t he UA E whe re it als o pr ovide s the f o o d t o t h e co u n t r y t o ex p e r i e n ce t h e f in e s t q u a l i ty of m a c a r on i a n d c ultur al f o o d amids t a de s e r t. T he f a ct o r y a l s o p r ov i d e s f o o d t o t h o s e i n n e e d es p e c i a l l y d u r i n g t i m es of e c o no mic c ris is o r the pande mic . E c o n o m i c a l Va l u e – T h e fa c t or y ex po r ts t o ove r 2 0 c o untrie s wo rldw i d e – w h e r e t h e l o ca l b r a n d h a s b o u g h t i n in c om e t o t h e c i t y a s a r esu l t. Te c h n o l ogi c a l Va l u e - T h e fa c t o r y us e s advanc e d te c hno lo g y t o pr o d u ce m a ca r o n i i n t h e d e s e r t , w h i l e a l s o m aki n g u s e o f I n d u s t r y 4.0 t o dig itize and manag e dat a t o run the f a ct o r y e f f i ci e n t l y.

1976

197 9

t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e E m i r a t e s Ma c a r o n i Fact or y i n 1976 ami ds t a des er t t el l s a s t or y of t he t r a d e r o u t e s i n t h e UA E wh i c h i m p a c t e d t h e demand of t he f ood i ndus t r y way bef or e t he 1970s . T h e E m i r a t e s Ma c a r o n i Fa c t o r y e m e r g e d i n par t er s hi p wi t h t he Emi r at i cui s i ne due t o t he l ove o f “ b a l a l e e t ” . It n o w p r o d u c e s d i f f e r e n t t ypes of pas t as whi ch ar e al s o ex por t ed t o 40 di f f er ent c o u n t r i e s i n A s i a , N o r t h A m e r i c a , A fr i c a , a nd Eur ope.

S o m e o f th e o l d p h o t o s g i ve a g l i m ps e of t he int er ior of t he fact or y w hich h i g h l i g h ts tr a d i ti o n a l e l e m e n ts su c h as t he ar pet t ing, decor at ion, and t he tr a d i ti o n a l way o f co n s tru cti o n by us ing s t eel r oof ing.

I nt er v ie w (su m m ar iz e d) | Ahme d Sae e d B e l yo u h a ( C h a i r m a n ) T h e Em ir a t es Ma c a r o n i Fa c t o r y b ega n in 1 9 7 6 a n d it was ini t i a t ed by my f a t her and opened u n d e r She ik h Ras h id Bin S a e e d. T h e f a c t o r y it s elf es t a b lis hed i t s f i r st pr oduc t i on spac e i n 1979 a t Al Q u o z a lo ng t he Sh e ik h Z aye d Ro a d. T h e E m ir a t es M ac ar oni Fac t or y w as t he f i r st b u i l d i ng c o n s t r u c t e d a t t ha t lo c a t io n wh e r e eve r y t h ing s u r r oundi ng i t w as a deser t ( r ef er t o i m ag e o n t h e t o p rig h t s id e ) . T h e id ea b eh in d t h is f a c t o r y c ame fr om my f a t her ’s l o ve f o r “B a l a le et ”, a t r a d itio n a l E m ir a t i d is h wh ich o f t e n s is o u r f avor i t e w hen gr o w i ng up and r e m i n d s u s o f n o s t a lg ic m e m o r ies fr o m o u r ch ild h o o d. T h e f a c t o r y f ir s t c o lla b o r a t e d w it h a n It a lia n sp e cia lis t wh o no w o w ns hi s o w n mac ar oni f a c t o r y a b r o a d as well. O r ig in a ll y, t h e id ea o r in sp ir a t io n b ehi nd t he f ac t or y w as Emi r a t i cu i s i n e a n d t h e n it b r a n ch e d o u t t o p r o v id ing d if f e r e n t t y p es of mac ar oni t o t he peopl e of Du b a i a nd t h e UAE. T h e r e a r e m a ny cu lt u r es in D u b a i a n d w e pr oduc e var i a t i ons of mac ar oni t o s u i t t h e t as t e o f a ll d if f e r e n t cu lt u r es a n d p e o p le. T h e E mi r a t es M ac ar oni Fac t or y f i r st i mp o r t e d r a w ma t e ria ls w h ich o r ig in a t e d fr o m C a n a da a n d no w w e pr oduc e i t l oc al l y. We a r e t h e f ir s t ma c a r o ni f a c t o r y in t h e UA E a n d p r o d u cing high qual i t y pr oduc t i n t he mi ddl e o f a d es e r t is ve r y imp o r t a n t t o t h e b r a n d. We u s e in t e r n a ti onal st andar d pr oduc t i on pr oc ess w h e r e qu a lit y is va lu e d o ve r qu a n t it y. We a ls o m a ke u s e o f Indust r y 4.0 t o st ay on t op of our p r o d u c t io n p r o c ess a n d ma n ag ing t h e d ig it ze d da t a v ia a p r ogr am c al l ed “ G l obal Read” . T hi s e n h a n c es o u r e c o n o mic in c o m e wh ile ke e p ing t h e p r o d u c t io n goi ng t o meet t he needs of t he population. T h e EM F h as ve r y s t r o ng s o cia l a n d c o m m u n a l va lu e b e c a u se w e w ant ed t o pr oduc e f ood t o f e e d o u r p e o p le a n d c o mm u n it ies, esp e cia ll y t h o s e wh o c o u l d no t af f or d meal s. We f eed t he l o w -i n c ome w o r k e r s a n d p r o v id e m ea ls fr o m wh a t we p r o d u c e her e a t t he f ac t or y. T hi s may say s o met h ing symb o lic ab o u t t h e E m ir a t es M a c a r o n i Fa c t or y w her e i t i s much mor e t han j ust a p r o d u c tio n sp a c e. We c a r e f o r o u r p e o p le a n d c o m m u n it ies and so w e al so w ant ed t o i nst i l l t h i s f o r t h e n ew g e n e r a ti o n s o we h o s t s ch o o l t o u r s f o r t h is pur pose and t hey al w ays go back h o m e w it h ma c a r o n i fr o m u s as a sy m b o l o f D u b a i’s h o sp it al i t y as w el l as t he val ue w e hol d f o r o u r p e o p le. We d o n o t h a ve p la n s t o s t o p p r o d u c t io n a lt hough w e di d t hi nk of r el oc a t i ng t o a n o t he r lo c a tio n b e c a us e o f t h e p la n s o f A l Q u o z t o t r a n sf or m, but w e ar e unc er t ai n. T her e a r e m a ny e mo tio n a l s t o ries c o n n e c t e d t o o u r f a c t o r y wh e r e w e val ue peopl e and may be t hi s i s p a r t o f t h e s o c ia l h e rit ag e we e m b o d y w it h in o u r f a c t o r y.

Nati onal C emen t Fa c t o r y Al Quo z I ndus t r ia l A re a 1976 pot en tia l in d u s t ria l herit age

H is t oric B a ck g r ou n d | T h e Na ti o n a l Ce me n t Fa c t o r y in Al Quoz Indus trial Area is located i n the center of A l Quoz where it wa s t h e f ir s t eve r s t r u c t u re in Al Quoz let alone the f ir s t ever cement fact or y wi th zer o- was te i n D ub a i . Th e f a c t o r y exp a n d s 4 km appr ox im ately with m os t of i ts s tructures s ti l l s t andi ng were bui l t in 19 6 8 t h r o u g h t h e s t e e l c ons truction, a m ethod of cons tructi on whi ch i s no l onger used i n UA E.

197 5

1976

2004

2008

2020

e s t a b l i sh e d t h e fact or y i n t h e ce n t r a l par t o f A l Qu oz - ma de u p t h e fa b r i c o f Al Qu o z I n d u s t r i a l area. c o n s t r u ct i on o f the fact o r y u se d s t eel f or its r o b u s t s t r u ct u r es

pr oduct i o n be g an f ir s t ev e r c e m e nt fac t o r y with z e r o -was t e po l i c y. pr oduce d c e m e nt w hi c h c ons tr uc t e d A l Quo z neighb o r ho o d ho use s, labor ac c o m o dat i o ns, s ubs t a t i o ns

pr o duc e d pr o duc t t o c o ns t r uc t Bur j K hal i fa. c o nt r i but i ng t o bui l di ng t he ex pandi ng i nf r as t r uc t ur e o f Dubai . P r o duc t i o n ar e a r e duc e d by Dubai Muni c i pal i t y.

wa s n ot in f lu en ced by th e f in a n cia l cr a sh - overlooked a n d su p p or ted Du b a i’s d evelop men t

la cks visu a l con n ection + socia l in tegr a tion - Al Qu oz tr a n sf orma tion . Du b a i Mu n icip a lity p la n s t o reloca te th e b u ild in g

Def in e d by U NE SC O’ s In d u s tri a l H e ri t a g e C ri te ri a In d u s t r i aliz at io n Value – Na t i o n a l Ce m e n t Fa c t o r y o r NCF, wa s t he f i r s t o f i ts k i n d c e m e n t fa c t o r y i n D u b a i , lo c at e d in o ne o f t h e f i r s t i n d u s t r i a l s i t e o f A l Q u o z . I t was c o n s tru c te d i n 19 6 8 a n d b e g a n p r o d u ct io n in 1976 , s upply i n g c e m e n t t o c o n s t r u c t t h e s u r r o u n d i n g c o mm u n i ty h o u se s, su b s t a ti o n s, a n d ev e n t ually pr o duc e d c e m e n t t o c o n s t r u c t t h e m a j e s t i c t o w e r o f B u rj K h a l i fa . - Ar ch i t e c t ur al Value - Mo s t o f i t s s t r u c t u r e s s t i l l s t a n d i n g w e r e b u i l t i n 19 6 8 th r o u g h th e s te e l co n s t r u c t io n, a m e t ho d o f c o n s t r u c t i o n w h i c h i s n o l o n g e r u s e d in UA E (re f e r t o I m a g e 1 . 8 ). - So ci a l Value – Mo s t o f t he e m p l oye e s w o r k i n g i n t h e Na t i o n a l C e me n t Fa c t o r y a re n o w 5 0 ye a r s o f a g e a n d abov e , w he r e t hey h av e b e e n w o r k i n g a t t h e f a c t o r y s i n c e i t b e g a n p r o d u c ti o n i n 1976 . I t wa s t h e i r f ir s t m ain s o ur c e o f i n c o m e t o s u p p o r t t h e m s e l v e s a n d th e i r fa m i l i e s a s a l mo s t a l l o f th e m a r e exp a t s . - E co n o m ic al Value – T he f a c t o r y c o n t r i b u t e d t o d ev e l o p m e n t a n d g r o w th o f D u b a i w h e re i t ma d e u p 90% o f it s infr as t r uc t ur e . ( E n g . S h a m i , Na t i o n a l Ce m e n t Fa c t o r y ). - Te ch n o lo g ic al Value - T he f a c t o r y u s e s a d va n c e d t e c h n o l o g y t o p r o d u c e c e me n t i n a way w h e re i t f o l l o w s t he z e r o - was t e p o l i c y. T h i s i s v i t a l b e c a u s e o f t h e c e n tr a l l o c a ti o n o f th e fa c t o r y a m i d s t t h e b u s t ling c it y o f D ubai, t h e r e i s n o s m o ke o r wa s t e t o b e s e e n fr o m th e fa c t o r y. Th e fa c t o r y a l so m a ke s us e o f a r e c yc ling p l a n w h e r e i t r e c yc l e s wa s t e f r o m ev e r y - d ay l i f e su c h a s p l a s ti c w h i c h i s t h e n u s e d t o pr o duc e c e m e n t

1976 1976

the i naugr ati onation of the onal CemCement ent Fact ple the inaugr of Nati the National Faocrt yo rupo y u pno ncocm om p letio t ion.n .Fact Fa c toorie r iess pr p r oodducing u c in g c ons truc on m ateri al s w erewere oneone of the earlie s t sbuilt constitruction materials of the e a r lie t b u iltfact fa cot rie o r ies sdue d u e ttoo the t h e de d e mand ma n d ffoorr c ons truc on m ateri al s . The The c ons tructructio ti on indus mand constitruction materials. cons n in d utrsyt rtyotps o p sthe t h elis list toof fmo mosstt -inin -de d e ma nd i ndusindus tri es tries i n the es pec i al l y i n the cityc itoyf oDubai. in UA theE,UAE, especially in the f Du b a i.

a se co n d clin ke r d o me u n d e r co n s t r u ct i o n w h e re d e ma n d f o r c o n s tru c ti o n ma te ri a l g r e w t o me e t t h e n e e d f o r a fa s t - p a ce d d eve l o p i n g c i ty o f o f D u b a i . T h e Na ti o n a l Ce meclinker n t Fa ct odome r y n o wunder exp a ncons d s ove r a n a rewhere a o f 4 kdemand i l o me te rfsor cons truction material a second truction

grew t o meet the need f or a fas t-paced developing city of of Dubai. The National Cement Fact or y now expands ov er an area of 4 kilometer s

Inter view | R adwan M o u a k a t ( P r o je ct Ma n a g e r, Me c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r ) Inte r view d wa Pr o j eacntd Ma Engbeen ineher e r)e I have been | w orRk a i ng her n e siMou nc e tak he a latt e(1980s s o mn e ao fgteh r, e eMechanical mp l oyees her e have

sinc e t he 1970s as well. Most of t hese ar e n o w in t h e ir 60s t o day a n d r etiring but t hey have w it nessed t he ent ir e

I ha ve beor e nma w tion o r k i ngof hDubai e r e s i nwhich c e t h e hl aa pt ep e1980s l oye e havebybeen sinc e Ctement he t r ansf n e d t haanndk ss otmo et ho ef tphreo edmp u c tio n es o f her c ement t he her Naet ional Fac t or y. 19 7 0 s as well. M o s t o f t h es e a r e n o w i n t h e i r 60s t o day a n d r et i r i ng b u t t hey have w it nessed t he ent ir e I have also seen t he gr o w t h of t h e f a c t o r y a n d t h e d evelo p m e n t s s u r r ounding us in Al Q uoz along w it h t he t r an sf or ma tio n o f D u ba i w h i ch h a ppe n e d t h a n k s t o t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f c e m e n t by t he Na t ional C em ent Fac t or y. c onst r uc tion of Burj K halif a whi ch w as b u ilt u s ing t h e c e m e n t p r o d u c ed by t his ver y f ac t or y. I ha ve a ls o s e e n t h e gr o w t h o f t h e f ac t o r y a n d t h e d evel o p m e n t s s u r r o u n d i ng us in Al Q uoz along w it h t he c on s t r uc tio n o f B u r j K h a l i f a w h i ch w as b u i l t u s i ng t h e c e m e n t p r o d u c e d by t his ver y f ac t or y.

T he Na tional C ement Fac t or y was t h e f ir s t r ea d ym ix c o n c r et e p r o d u cing f ac t or y in D ubai and t he need f or

ement t ore ny t cFa ame T hi xisc oisn cwr et h een pin ria liza ion emer ging T hae cNa tionalf ac C em c t o rabout y w as ar t hoeufni rds t1 965. r ea d ym r odduuscti ng f a c ttor y inwas D ubai and t heand needD ubai f or was t r e a nTdh ibsuiild ings. n at ilo C t or yand or Dt he a st c ear m eting n t f atcot odevel r y c aop me itasboi unfr t aast r o urnucu d 1965. s wh e n i nT dhues tNa r i atio l iza n ewment as emFac er ging ubaiNCF, w as c ont ribut ed o verlooked ion 2 , 3,T haenNa d 4. e -ebmueilt he told Q uoz whose r oof s stand ar t i ng t o d evel o pt he i t s cionst n f r asrtuc r utcu t r eo fa nAl d bQuui lodzi ngs. t i o nIta lr C n t tFac or y houses or t he Nin CF,Alc ont ribut ed e made oft htein/st t eudo zt h2,e m3, ina tnod d4.evelo t ions. TinheAl cQement fr omr oof NCFs also built anwer d o verlooked c o neel s t r uand c ti o nc onve o f A lr Q I t r ep-ebdu i latctchoemool ddahouses uoz w hose wet he r e mad e o foftin / s t e el, it a nsd mal c o nls, ve r la t ebd otrh eam t oo da d evel d aAl c c oQmuooda i o nWA s. T he c emaent f r omEtNisala CF also built r oads Dubai c c ionm tio onpse in z, tDE subst t ions, t buildings, and t he r o adno s toabl f Du i , i t sK ma l l s, a c ctio o mn oada A l cQtuoorz, DE lo WA t a ttions, Et isala t buildings, and t he sk y line most y,baBurj halif a. l aTbo her Na l Ct ieomn se ni nt Fa y is c a st eu dbsin he c ent er so we w it nessed mo no t a bldevelop y, Bu r j Kar h aound l i f a. Tthhe e Na r yysi sc rl oacpaetresd ti no tthhee crent er soial w ear w eas it nessed t he tsk ofs tDubai sittie,o n farl oCme mr oe an td sFatcot osk esident ar ound hey line loc a t ion. I n of2008 D u b ai when develot ph ea rboom o u n d thappened, h e s i t e, f r osmo rwo ea dex s tpoa nskd ys r est iod esnt ar eas ar oundf or t hec ement loc a t ion. I n t ion, e dc rt ahpee sr st rtuoc tt uh er es uitialt he demand pr oduc 20and 0 8 when h a ppewe n e d,have s o we h ee ns tt r tuhcat ut rceso ntsot rsuuci tt et dh enearl dem and f or of c eminfr entast pr roduc t ion, in f acttheasb oofo m2020, p r oexdpuacnedde dc et m y 90% uc t ur e and anbuildings d i n f ac t as 2 0 2 0 , w e h a ve pr o d u c e d c e m e n t t h a t c o n s t r u c t e d n ea r l y 90 % of inf r ast r uc t ur e and of of Dubai. bu i l di ngs of Dub a i . S ome of t he st r uc t ur es still st and till t o day f r o m t h e 1 970s till n o w and some wer e built af t er t he 1970s

S om e of t h e s t r uc t u r es s ti l l s t a n d til l t o day f r o m t h e 1970s t i l l n o w a n d s om e w er e built af t er t he 1 9 7 0 s expandi u coer emcoermee nc te m y of FDor ubai. F or example, t he clinker bebec c auause se of of t h et he expa n di ng nng e e dneed t o prt oo dpurcoedm t oe nb tu i tl to tbh ue ilt c i ttyh oef cit D ubai. example, t he clink er e labl t h ee i kSh h dZ aye of it ssize huge dodome me yo you u a r earab e t eo st oe esee eve neven f r o mfrtohm e Sh h Ze ik aye Ro add Ro b e caadu sbee coaf ui tsse huge ( it size is 1 2(5it mis in125 diammetin er diamet er met s high), e di nbneg in 1976 omw hich st eelis which isr uc a tcion onst r uc t ion anand d 4 242met e r serhigh ) , i t witaswas c o n scton r usc tt re ud cbt eg i ngininning 1976 a n d i t ai sn dmit a d is e f made r om stfr eel a c onst echnique beiung d aonym S no aeve y it eisimpor quit et ant impor and unique. t etchn i que youyou w il w l nillo tno f i nt df ind be i ng s edu sa enym r e. So ro e.eve r chni t ae rc ch t u ritael lcy t iut r iall s quit andt ant unique. do me t s aass tao rst or ag r es ito ulet s out hea t pr int ed t he hea t ed T hTehecl iclinker nker d o me a c tac s as age h ase ah as ve nat ve a t ntth ea tt otph ewht oe pr e wi th el et t any heaany t pr esent in esent t he hea ma T her w hpich p r oes c ess onnec ed pr t oe -thea he tpr ma t etrerial. i al. T her e i se aisk ial nk iln as was el lwel w hli ch r o c ess t h es e mtahtee rm i aal taenria d ils acnodn nis e c ct ed t o tthe erew-hea her et er t hewher e t he hea t exch a nge o c cu s. Ts.h eTkhe i l n khi as s o abls e eon bteheenr et hs ei nrcee stin h ec e1970s a n d i s and 9 0 miset 90 er s met high.erTsher e w as a e was a hea t exchange ocrcur ln halas t h e 1970s high. T her sesec c onondor d o r y sm a lle r s t ost r age do me c o nsctor un cstterdu catl eo dngs i d ngs e t hid e eo rtigh ien aolrig cl iin n kael r clinker dom e and t hisand is t the n sho wn y smaller or age dome a lo dome hisone is sho t hewone inint hteheimag e ( b o(tbo t otmt om l ef t)l ef . Yo get get a gl i ampglimp s e o fsteh eo fa rt ea r o usnudri rng her e ew tas t he but t he image t ).u You h e saurrea o uint dwher ing ite twher hernoet hing was but no t hing dese r t at r ar o u ound n d u s,us, n o no sk y sk l i n ye,line, n o Bu K hrja l iKf a, a na, d naon hdo nu so es r o a od rs. rOo fa dc s. ourOsef ct our he signif ic anc e ofictanc he e of t he deser norj Bu h a lif h oours es se t he signif f afcac t otror y and it sitimme n s e c o n tcront i buri ti obu nstiot on st hteo cti ht ye ocfitDu a nbdaiit sa nddevel it is a hist indust rialindust rial y and s immense y bo af i Du it so pdment, evelopment, it isoric a al hist oric al st r u c t ur e and ve r y va l u a bl e t o D u ba i’s s t o r y.

st r uc t ur e and ver y val uable t o Du b a i’s s t o r y.

Inte SaSa ifulla ( De(Deputy p u ty S a l eSal s Ma ager) Inter vriew vi ew| |Syed Syed ifulhl ah esnManager )

T h e Na tional C em e n t Fa c t o r y w as i na ug r a t e d by t h e l a t e Sh e i k h Ras h i d B i n S aeed in t he la t e 1 9 6 0 s w her e C ement y was h ei s tlaitne Du Shbeaik h Ras BinedS aeed in ttohec onst la t er uc 1960s wher e prTohe d ucNa tiotional n began i n 1 9 7 6Fac . Itt or w as t h e fin i rasug t f raac tt eo rdy by t o tex i wh i ch hid pr oduc c em ent t pr oduc began s te nf at csthoarrye tas o ex in Du a i which c ement t o cand onst r uc t t he ci t y otion f Du ba i . T h ei nf a1976. c t o r y hItaswas 5 % tghoevefrirn m o f ist ot day as bwel l due t opritoduc s pr ed oduc t ion value t he y of T he ofpme ac t or c on t r i cit butio n tDubai. o t h e devel n t yo fhas D u b5% a i asg oavec ri tny.m e n t s h a r e as o f t o day as well due t o it s pr oduc t ion value and

c ont ribution t o t he devel opment o f Du b a i as a c it y.

T h e Na tional C em e n t Fa c t o r y ma k es u s e o f n o - was t e p o l i c y wh e r e t h e r e i s no w ast e pr oduc ed and it in f aTche t r ecycles ti o n a l wFac as tteorf oy rmakes e nv i r o nums e not af l nboe-nwefasi t.t eT hp eo lic NCyF wahl seor eb itrht er hede tishenoUnion f aced t orand y it in Na tionala ddi C ement wastCeemprent oduc adf di a ll y, and addi i t a ltional s o i n i tiwast a t e d et hf eo rf i er sntv ir eve m e natlso as bir w ell. actti ornecycles o nrmperno tdaulc tbi eo n efo fit.g rTe he ne cNeCF t hed t he Union C ement f ac t or y

additionall y, a nd i t also i ni tia t ed t h e f ir s t eve r p r o d u c tio n o f g r e e n c ement as well.

We get our initia l ma t e r i a l s f o r pr o d u c t i o n f r o m Ha t t a wh e r e we o b t a i n a special r a w m a t erial w hich is lim es tget one our and initial it a l l o wma s ftoeri r hal igh e n t. a cht itnae rwyhaetr et hw e eNao tbitonal ent Fac has incr eased We s fqu ora lpi tryo cdeum c tio n fTrhoemmHa ain aC em special r at or w yma t erial which is o ver t h e tim e bu t t h e s ize h as de c r eas e d exc e p t f o r a f ew n ew s t r u c t u r es such as t he k iln. Eit her w ay, t he limest one and it allo w s f or high qu a lit y c e m e n t. T h e m a ch in e r y a t t h e Na t ional C ement Fac t or y has incr eased Na t i on al C em e n t Fa c t o r y n o w expa n d s o ve r a n a r ea o f 4 k m . T h e NC F o wn e d a lo t m or e land bef or e but o ver t he time but t he size has de c r eas e d exc e p t f o r a f ew n ew s t r u c t ur es such as t he k iln. Eit her way, t he o ver t h e yea r s, D u ba i M u n i c i pa l i t y ha d t o t a k e i t f r o m u s a n d d evel o p n e ig hbor hoods bec ause of t he gr o w ing ve r a n a r ea o f 4 k m . T h e N CF o wned a lo t mor e land bef or e but poNa putional l a tio n aCrement ound t hFac e Alt or Q uy ono z Inwduexstprai na ld sa r oea.

o ver t he year s, Dubai Muni ci pal it y h a d t o t a ke it f r o m u s a n d d evelo p neighbor hoods bec ause of t he gr o w ing

ound a r tea. T hpopula e NCF tion incluar des i n dutshe t r i aAll sQt ruoz u c t uInd r esu ssturia ch l as h e k i l n , c e m e n t m i l l, 2 m i x ing silos, under gr ound c onveyor c em e n t m ill, clin k e r do mes exi s t i n 2 s i l o s wh i ch s t o r e c e m e n t u p t o 6 m o n t hs. T he m ain silo w hich w as T he t h ea nkdiln c er m mixing under gr ound c onveyor c on s t rNCF uc t e dincludes in 1 9 6 8 /i 1ndust 9 7 0 ri i salmastder uc o ft us rt res u c tsuurch a l sas t e el i s, ve y en on t i cma bill, le 2 f r om af ar silos, as w ell. c ement mill, cl inker domes exi st in 2 s ilo s w h ich s t o r e c e m e n t u p t o 6 mont hs. T he main silo which was c onst r uc t ed in 1968/1970 i s mad e o f s t r u c t u r a l s t e el a n d is ve r y n o t ic able fr om af ar as well.

E l e ct r ic al S u b s t a t i on s | Ty p e 1 Re side nt ial a r ea s Si nc e 19 5 9 po t e nt ial indus t r ial he r it ag e

19 5 9

2020

e l e c t ric al s u bs t ations are e s t a blis he d in th e UAE due t o t h e c o un t r y a dva ncing t owar ds dev e l o p me nt & an on-coming g r o win g p o pu l a t ion

subs t ations emebedded with in the Emir ates of the UAE lig h t u p the neighbor hoods, allo win g f o r connectivity t o the wor ld . T h e s tructures span fr om 75 s q m t o 9 sq m and more.

H i s t o ri c Bac k gr ound | Ele ct r i c al s u b s t a tio n s w e re e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e UA E d u e t o t h e c o untr y advancing t owar ds development & an on- c om in g g r ow in g p o p u l a t i o n i n 19 5 0 s . S u b s t a t i o n s a r e e mbedded within the Emir ates of the UAE light up t he n eig h b o r h ood s, a l l o w i n g f o r c o n n e c t i v i t y t o t h e w o r l d. The s tructures span fr om 75 sq m t o 9 s q m a n d m o re . H ow ever, m ov i n g t o wa r d s a d i g i t a l a g e o f p r o duction, huge pr oduction s tructures are no l o ng e r a n e e d . Th is leav e s s ev e r a l o f s u c h s t r u c t u r e s u n d er the future threat of demolition when many ar e t h e ver y fa b ric of in d u s t r i a l h e r i t a g e , a m o n u m e n t h i g hlighting the emer gence of gr owth and conne ct i on fr om th e UA E t o t h e r e s t o f t h e w o r l d .

E l e ct r i cal S u b s t a t io n s | Ty p e 2 C om m er ci al a r e a s Si nce 19 5 9 potential indus trial herit age

1960s subs t at i ons l oc at ed i n some of t he ol des t ar eas of Dubai ’ s nei ghbor hoods suc h as Dei r a c an be pr eser ved or hi ghl i ght ed as i ndus t r i al her i t age

“ Fr om

my point of view as an ar chitect who has al say adaptive reuse of indus trial pr oduction spac subs t ations. They are these huge s tructures which because they will be conver ted int o digit al elect of the community and have ser ved an im por t ant more of a communal and social value which is im p choosing indus trial buildings as herit age and ap Omid Rouhani, Local Ar chitect

“

lso gr own up in Dubai in Deir a, I would es could also be applied t o electrical h will eventually be an em pty shell soon trical subs t ations. Since they are par t communal function, I think they have por t ant t o t ake int o consider ation when plying adaptive reuse s tr ategies there.

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | PRESENT • UNESCO INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE CRITERIA

St r a t e g i c location

Histrocial resource

Economical va l u e

Cultural va l u e

Social Va l u e

Architectural va l u e

Industrial va l u e

Te c h n o l o g i c a l va l u e National Cement Fact or y Emir ates Macar oni Fact or y

Dubai Refreshments Pepsi

Ajmal Fact or y Subs t ation

UNESCO Indus trial Herit age Criteria | Present

Potential

N ot Present

UNESCO | Indus trial H er i t a ge Cr i t er i a Technological value Indus trial value Ar chitectur al value His t orical value Social value Economical value Str ategic location

Al Quoz Indus trial Are a | Pot ential Indus t r ial Her i t a ge Si t es Dubai Refreshments Pepsi Emir ates Macar oni Fact or y National Cement Fact or y Ajmal Per fumes Fact or y

D ubai | Other ar eas Pot ential Indus t r ial Her i t a ge Si t es Electrical Subs t ations - 1960s

Dubai Refreshments Pep si - 197 9

Em ir ates Macar oni Fact o r y - 197 9

S H EIK H ZAYED ROAD

National C eme n t Fa ct o r y - 1976

A j ma l P er fu mes Fa ct o r y - 19 6 0 s

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | PRESENT • CASE STUDIES (ADAPTIVE REUSE OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE/STRUCTURES)

LA FABRIC A - 1973

RUHR MUSE UM - 1989

MEAMA COFFEE PRODUCTION PLANT - 2019

ROSINDALE SUBS TATION - 1911

“A br i dge bet w e e n F o r d i s m & i n c o m i n g p o s t - m a t e r i a l s o c i e t y ”

C a se St u d y | La Fa b r i c a C a t a l a n , S pain 197 3 adaptive reu s e Theme | Surrealism, A b s tr a cti on , B r u t a l i s m

19 2 0

197 3

2020

s t a r t e d p r o d u ct ion d u r in g F or d i sm - w it n es s e d in d u s t r ia liz a ti on . a r ea co n cen t r a t e d w it h la b or a cco m o d a t ion s & in d u s t r i a l sp a c es

ri c a r d o b of i l l d i sc overed si te t o be a b a n d on ed - re-p u r p osed i t & p r e s e r v e d a s a p r od u c t of p os t-ma teri a l so c i e t y. c on ver ted i t i n t o p er son a l resi d e nt i al , c ommer c i a l & w or k .

s t i l l s t andi ng hi nt i ng r e bi r t h, c o nt r adi c t i ng o r i g i nal func t i o n, wi l d ur bani s m , and g o t hi c s pi r i t ual i t y al i g ni ng wi t h c ul t ur al s e ns i t i v i t y. hi g hl i g ht s pe r i phe r al de s i g n

Aim | To u ri s m & Per s onal Us e • P res er ve th e f ir s t ce me nt fact o r y fr o m co l l aps i ng and de mo l i ti o n by i d en ti f yi n g a n d pre se r ving as I ndus trial he rit a g e • P res er ves 8 0% o f mate riality alo ng with its s tructure • F l oorin g require d tr ansf o rmatio n t o tr ansf o rm the s pace i nt o a habi t abl e r e s i d en ti a l a n d wo r k ing space • Pays om a ge t o its be g inning s • Tel l s a p er s onal s t o r y o f the ar chite ct thr o ug h s urre al i s m - cre ati ng a fair yt a l e s u rrea lis t ho use in co ntr as t t o the b rut al i s t nature o f the bui l di ng

1 Hi ghl i ghts materi al i ty/s tructures prese r v e d ami ds t adapti ve reuse

S TUDIOS/W ORKSHOPS

RESIDENCE

THE HOUSE

4 MA IN HALLWAY

C a s e St u d y | R u h r Mu s eum R u h r D i s t r i ct , Ger m any in dus tri al heri t age 19 89 UNESCO adaptive reuse Th eme | Contem por ar y Museum

1 839

1989

2020

co a l wa s h i n g p l a n t s t a r t e d p r o d u c t i o n - w i tn e s s e d in d u s t ri a l i z a ti o n . m a i n s o u r c e o f in co m e f o r t h e R u h r d i s t ri c t

c l o s e d d o w n - l a c ke d v i s u a l c onnec ti on l o s s o f e c o n o m i c i n c o m e . r epur posed c o m p l e t e d i n 2 010 f o r v i s i t or s. ac ted a s n e w s o u r c e o f i n c o m e f o r the area. b e s i d e s a m u s e u m i t s a l s o an i ns ti tuti on

s ti l l s t andi ng wi th f our l ev el s, preser v i ng 8 0 % of ori gi nal m ac hi ner y, tex tures, and hi s t or y. al l ow s f or v i si t or ex peri enc e + c reates v i sual c onnec ti on t o the area

Aim | Educat ion & Tou ris m • • • • • •

C o a l Wa s h i n g P l a n t i n t o a Mu l t i - p u r p o s e m u seu m sp a ce. C o n ce n t r a t e d i n d u s t r i a l a r e a wa s a s o u r c e of econ omi c i n come f or th e a rea W i t n e s s e d ov e r a 10 0 ye a r s o f i n d u s t r i a l i z a ti on L o s t u s e i n m ov e d t o wa r d s a n e c o n o m i c d e p l eti on Re p u r p o s e d as a mu s e u m o f f e r i n g e d u c a t i o n a l a n d econ omi c va l u e Re s p e ct s i t s h i s t o r y a n d p r e s e r v e s 8 0 % o f m a ch i n er y a l on g w i th ma teri a l s

Hi g h l i g h t s m ate riality/s truc tur e s p r e s e r v e d a mi d s t a d aptive re us e

VIS IT OR CENTER & R E S TAU RANT E DU C AT ION AL EXHIBIT

H IS T OR Y E XHIBITION

MA IN E X IBITION

Cas e St udy | Me ama Cof f ee Pr oduction Tbilis i, Geor gia du s tria l pl ant 2 019 inx com m un i ty i ntegr ati on T h em e | b rut alism , experi enti al ec onomoy, tr ans parent pr odu c t i o n

2 019

2020

f ir s t ever Geor gian cof f ee pr oduct e s t ablished - combines pr oduction plant with visit or experience.

s till in pr oduction wh ile integr ating community within the space. cultur al + communal s pace

Aim | First-of-a-kind production ser vice • Prime loc ation alongs ide the highway • Enhanc es the br anding of the pr oduct by en c om p assi n g a pr od uc t i on fac t or y w i th in a multi-pur pos e building • C re ates a playful brut alis t s pace f or em ployees a nd vi si t or s of a l l ages • Allow s f or c of f ee exhibit alongs ide tr ans pa r ent p r oduc t i on of t he p r od uc t • C of f ee pr oduction plant is encom pas s ed in gl a ss whi c h gi ves a ful l vi ew of the pr o duc tio n pr oces s and creates trus t between t h e b r a nd and c on su mer • The pr oduc tion plant t akes up 30 % of the t h e sp ac e t h anks t o a mor e c om pre ssed, digit al age of pr oduction. This all ow s f or enhanc ed vi si t or ex p erie nc e and a multi- pur pos e fact or y

G R E E N ROOF

MAI N O U T ER S TRU C T U R E + C E I L I NG

PRODU C T I ON PL ANT

H I GH WAY

Case Study | Rosindale S ubs t ation B os t on, Massachusetts 1911 a d a p t iv e r e u s e Th e m e | N e o C l a s s ic a l

1911 elec t r ic al subs t at io n b e g a n t h e gr ow t h of t he ar ea o f Ro s i n d a l e , pr ov iding elec t r ic t y t o t h e a r e a . T h e r esident ial ar ea wa s d ev e l o p e d a f t e r t he c r eat ion of t he s u b s t a t i o n

1971 Mu n i c i p a l i t y ’ s p l a n o f r e l o ca t i o n left the space out of huge where the e n o r mo u s s t r u ct u r e wa s l e f t e m p t y. I t wa s r e p u r p o s e d a s a l o ca l e a t e r y, a l l o w i n g i t t o s e r v e a co m m u n a l p u r p o s e

A i m | C o m m u n a l P u r p o s e & L o c a l To u ri s m • Pays o m age t o t he or iginal funct ion by p re s e r v i n g th e fa c a d e o f the building along wit h it s int er ior ma te ri a l i ty a n d c o n s tru c ti o n m e tho ds . • Take s advant age of t he locat ion amid s t a h i s t o ri c a l ne ig hbo r ho od t o br ing t he communit y t og e th e r a n d c o n n e c t thr o ug h lo cal f ood.

H ighlights Hig hlightsmateri materiality/ ality/ s tsrtuctures ructurespreser preser ved vedamids amids tt adapti adapti vevereuse reuse

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | PRESENT • DESIGN STRATEGIES (DERIVED FROM CASE STUDIES)

Re s id en t ia l s p a ces

C o mmu n a l s p a ce

Ga ller y Sp a ce

Mu s eu ms

Ma t er ia l La b s

Pr o d u ct ion Pla n t Nat i o nal Ce m e nt Fac t o r y E mir at es Ma car oni Fact or y

D ubai Re f r eshments Pepsi

Ajmal Fac t or y Subs t ation

D e si gn Str at e g i e s | Es s e ( d e r i ved f r om case s t udie s) a d a p t ive r euse

Es s ential

ential , Desi r a bl e, Opt i o nal

De s i r a b l e

O p tional

E co n omic D ive r s if ica t ion

Ma t er ia l Pr e s er va t ion

I n t er ior I n t e r ven t ion

Ar ch it ect u r a l I n t e r en t ion

C o m p let e Re - p u r p os in g

Pr e s er va t ion

V is it or E x p e r ien ce

C u lt u r a l s p a ce

Full Repur pose

Nat io nal C e m e nt Fac t o r y Cultural S p a ce

tr aditional c ontem por ar y theatre/ c inem a open f or all

Visis t or Experience

e n j oy o r i g i n a l arch. style + new purpose

Communal space

Contemporar y digit al cir cus + indoor outdoor space

Galler y space /Museum spac e

ex h i b i t m a c h i n e r y, imp. technoligical e l e me n t s

D e s i g n St r a t e g i e s | adaptive reuse

Par tial Repur p ose

Em i r ates Ma car oni Fa ct o r y eater y - local + international food tourism, playful space for school visits

fu nc tioni n g fa ct o r y + f ood t our i s m + cu ltur al pl ayfu l spac e f or a l l a g e s

Full Re pur po se

Substation -urban space -outdoor wedding -outdoor cultural celebration space

t r a di t i onal s e atin g , nos t al gi c e le m e nts c h i l d hood r ev iv e d f o o d t our i s m

- pl ac e t o c e l e br at e Ei d & o t he r c ul t ur al ev e nt s s uc h as Hag g e l Lay l a.

exhibit machiner y, imp. technoligical elements, transparent production

exhibit original material + some technological elements

| Pot en t ia l S p a c e s

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN DUBAI | FUTURE BUILDING DOCUMENTATION (IMPLEMENTED DESIGN STRATEGIES)

Repurpose FullFull Repurpose | | design stategies design stategies • VERY LOCATION • VERY HIGHHIGH LOCATION VALUEVALUE • EXISTING REDEVELOPMENT • EXISTING REDEVELOPMENT PLANPLAN • MILD FUNCTIONAL TODAY • MILD FUNCTIONAL VALUEVALUE TODAY • PRESERVATION INSTEAD OF RELOCATION • PRESERVATION INSTEAD OF RELOCATION • FUNCTION NO LONGER REQUIRED • FUNCTION NO LONGER REQUIRED

HIGHWAY HIGHWAY

COMMERCIAL AREAS COMMERCIAL AREAS

ED R OA Z AY IKH SHE

SHE

IKH

Z AY

ED R OAD

LABOR ACCOMODATION LABOR ACCOMODATIONS

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL FACTORIES FACTORIES

Conceptual floor

Conceptual sectional perspective

WHY WHYIS ISINDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIALHERITAGE HERITAGEPRESERVATION PRESERVATIONIMPORTANT? IMPORTANT? OurOur heritage heritage provides provides clues clues to our to our pastpast andand howhow our our society society has has evolved. evolved. It helps It helps us examine us examine our our history history andand traditions traditions andand enables enables us develop us develop an awareness an awareness about about ourselves. ourselves. It helps It helps us us understand understand andand explain explain whywhy we are we are the the wayway we are. we are. Heritage Heritage is a iskeystone a keystone of our of our culture culture thatthat playsplays an important an important rolerole in our in our politics, politics, society, society, business business andand world world view.view. It informs, It informs, influences influences andand inspires inspires public public debate debate andand policy policy bothboth Heritage Heritage Council, Council, (n.d.) (n.d.) directly directly andand indirectly. indirectly.

TYPE 1

TYPE 2

PARTIAL REPURPOSE | design stategies • HIGH LOCATION VALUE - PRESSURE OF RELOCATION/REDESIGN • STRONG HISTORICAL SOCIAL CULTURAL VALUE • OPPORTUNITY FOR VISITOR ENGAGEMENT • OPPORTUNITY NEED FOR DESIGN INTERVENTION

HIGHWAY

COMMERCIAL AREAS

SHE

IKH

Z AY

ED R OA

LABOR ACCOMODATIONS

INDUSTRIAL FACTORIES

emirates macaroni factory POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS • HANDS-ON VISITOR EXPERIENCE (EATERY) • TESTING AREA • DIGITAL HISTORICAL EXHIBIT • PLAY AREA FOR YOUNGER VISITORS

CONCEPTUAL FLOOR PLAN

ajmal perfumes factory POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS • EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE THROUGH SENSORY EXHIBITS • CUSTOMIZED SCENT PRODUCTION VISITORS LAB

SPECIAL THANKS THANKSTO TO||

KS TO |

Professor Professor Adina Adina Hempel Hempel Professor Professor Asma Asma Bukhammas Bukhammas Sundos AlSheebani AlSheebani

na Hempel ma Bukhammas ebani

Ahmed Ahmed Belyouha Belyouha - Chairman of Emirates Macaroni Factory Hussain Shatha AlAlMoosawi Mulla - Director of Visual Arts & Design (Ministry of Culture & Youth) Shatha Al Mulla Hussain AlMoosawi - (Typologist documenting UAE’s Architectural Heritage)

ha sawi a

Urban Planning Dept. - Dubai Municipality