APA Formatting & Style Samples & Instructions
Running head: ELCO HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY SAMPLE TITLE PAGE
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Formatting and Style for Academic Research Papers Formatting Proper formatting of your paper is important. Paying attention to formatting details shows care and respect for the assignment. A paper that is not properly formatted shows carelessness and indifference to the assignment. When your teacher indicates to do so, use APA formatting as outlined in:
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APA Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition FONT • • •
Size 12 Times New Roman Double Space
MARGINS • •
1 inch margins ½ inch margin for page number and running head
RUNNING HEAD AND PAGE NUMBERS • • •
Include a page header, called the “running head” at the top of every page. Running head: TITLE OF PAPER (not to exceed 50 characters) in header – flush left, all capital letters. Page number in header flush right
PAPER SECTIONS • • • •
Title Page Abstract Main Body References
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Use formal academic language No 1st or 2nd person pronouns No contractions, abbreviations, slang
Running head: ELCO HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY SAMPLE TITLE PAGE
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Page number – right justification – start with page 1 on title page
Running head – left justification, abbreviated title * Only include the words “Running head” on the title page.
12 returns from start of header
ELCO High School Library Sample Title Page: Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines Sidni G. Templeton ELCO High School Author’s full name (first name, middle initial, last name) Do not include titles or degrees •
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Titles should be typed in upper and lower case letters centered in the upper half of the page. Titles should be no more than 12 words in length and should not contain abbreviations.
Institutional affiliation
Running head:SCHOOL ELCO HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY SAMPLE ELCO HIGH LIBRARY SAMPLE TITLE PAGE TITLE PAGE
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Abstract The abstract is a brief summary of the paper. Do not indent the first line. Any abbreviations and acronyms used in the paper should be defined in the abstract.
Begin a new page. Your abstract page should already include the running head On the first line of the abstract page, center the word “Abstract� (no bold, formatting, italics, underlining, or quotation marks). Beginning with the next line, write a concise summary of the key points of your research. (Do not indent.) Your abstract should contain at least your research topic, research questions, participants, methods, results, data analysis, and conclusions. You may also include possible implications of your research and future work you see connected with your findings. Your abstract should be a single paragraph double-spaced. Your abstract should be between 150 and 250 words. You may also want to list keywords from your paper in your abstract. To do this, indent as you would if you were starting a new paragraph, type Keywords: (italicized), and then list your keywords. Listing your keywords will help researchers find your work in databases. Keywords: abstract, method, data analysis
ELCO HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY SAMPLE TITLESAMPLE PAGE TITLE PAGE Running head: ELCO HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY
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ELCO High School Library Sample Title Page: Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines Start introduction of paper here. The introduction presents the problem / research question that the paper addresses. The paper should be written in formal language, using size 12, Times New Roman font. Line spacing is double. In-text citations that are direct quotes should include the author(s) name(s), the publication year, and the page number(s). Sample in-text citation for a single author (Smith, 2016, p. 24). In-text Citations APA style requires authors to use the past tense or present perfect tense when using signal phrases to describe earlier research, for example, Jones (1998) found or Jones (1998) has found... • •
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Use signal phrases, when possible, to alert the reader to referenced work. Include the author’s last name in the signal phrase immediately followed by the publication year. o EXAMPLE: According to his previous study, Smith (2016) states that… Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones. If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change. Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs: Writing New Media, There Is Nothing Left to Lose.
(Note: in your References list, only the first word of a title will be capitalized: Writing new media.)
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When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word: Natural-Born Cyborgs. Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: "Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock's Vertigo." Italicize or underline the titles of longer works such as books, edited collections, movies, television series, documentaries, or albums: The Closing of the American Mind; The Wizard of Oz; Survivor. Put quotation marks around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles, television series episodes, and song titles.
Running head:SCHOOL ELCO HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY SAMPLE ELCO HIGH LIBRARY SAMPLE TITLE PAGE TITLE PAGE
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References Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
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All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation. Authors' names are inverted (last name first); give the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work for up to and including seven authors. If the work has more than seven authors, list the first six authors and then use ellipses after the sixth author's name. After the ellipses, list the last author's name of the work. Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work. For multiple articles by the same author, or authors listed in the same order, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent. Present the journal title in full. Maintain the punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title. o For example: ReCALL not RECALL or Knowledge Management Research & Practice not Knowledge Management Research and Practice. Capitalize all major words in journal titles. When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word. Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals. Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections.