Rosetta "As a touristic destination" by Ahmed Elsharkawy

ROSETTA October University for Modern Sciences and Arts Faculty of Engineering Architecture Department Graduation Project I FALL 2017 Group 7 Supervised by : Prof. Omar Fawzy Prof. Sameh El-Feki Prof. Tarek Abdelsalam Arch. Mohamed Anees Done by : Ahmed Mohamed Tarek Elsharkawy

140885

Heba Ali Rashwan Mahfouz

143797

Injy Tamer Fouad Taha

143617

Khalid Sayed Abdullah Hassan

140989

Mostafa Ali Morsi Mahmoud

141299

Mo’men Saad Abdelsattar Mohamed

122907

© 2018 Rosetta. All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereofmay not be reproduced or used in any manner whats ever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review.

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

â&#x20AC;˘ CONTENTS i. Chapter I: Theories & Strategies

1. Introduction 2. Vision and context 3. Potentials & Methodology 4. Data collection 6. Demographics 7. Data analysis 8. Core problem identification 9. Objective 10. Plans of the government 11. Theories concerning tourism development 11.1- The experience of Santos, Brazil 11.2- Alicante's harbor, Spain 11.3- Dundee waterfront, River Tay 11.4- Glasgow, River Clyde 11.5- Port city of Acre is making a comeback 12. Proposed project

ii. Chapter II: Site Analysis 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Urban analysis Rosetta analysis Site selection Site selection criteria Chosen site

iii. Chapter III: Design Issues

a. Design issues considered 1. Image 2. Circulation 3. Interactions 4. Flexibility 5. Safety 6. Environmental impact 7. Comfort 8. Mood 9. Legitibilty 10. Territory

iv. Chapter IV: Sustainability

1. Environmental sustainability 2. Social sustainability 3. Economic sustainability

v. Chapter V: Case Studies a. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Case studies Wadi el Gemal visitorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; center Ramses Wissa Wassef Art Centre Tunis village in Fayoum, Egypt. Cultural Centre in Sinthian, Senegal Ras el-Ard sea club , Ras el-Selmiya - Kuwait

005 006 007 008 009 017 018 019 019 020 022 022 024 025 026 027 029 030 031 033 038 039 041 047 048 049 050 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 063 063 065 066 067 070 072 074 076 3

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

6. Stavros Niarchos Foundation Center, Athens 7. The Technological Park, Portugal

vi. Chapter VI: Design Requirments 1. Rosetta’s Village 2. Program 3. Design requirements

vii. Chapter VII: Individual Task 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Ahmed Mohamed Tarek Heba Aly Rashwan Mahfuz Injy Tamer Taha Khaled Sayed Abdullah Mostafa Ali Morsi Mo’men Saad Abdelsattar

viii. References ix. List of Figures x. Appendix

078 080 082 083 084 085 093 094 103 109 121 128 135 144 148 157

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Rosetta as a tourism destination

A location would grab Mediterranean tourists by simply crossing the sea as easy as hopping on a ferry.

1. INTRODUCTION Egypt is an ancient country that has passed through many historical eras, which makes it a unique and diverse destination. Rashid, known as "Rosetta", has always been an important port city for Egypt for its location where the river Nile drains into the Mediterranean. Also the unique identity of the place and its historical importance made the city a perfect destination with much potential. "Rosetta seems to fulfill all the conditions for becoming a rich and prosperous city and playing a leading role in Egypt and in the Mediterranean." (Ministry of Culture - Supreme Council of Antiquities, 2003). Moreover, it's one of the regions selected by the government in the national policy for new urban development.

2. Opportunities • Location Rosetta has a very strategic location, where it’s the link between the river Nile in Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea (fig1.1). This location attracts overseas tourists (Sea travellers) through the sea and the nile. Also, enhances water taxi activities that creats recrealtional facilities.

• Historical value

Fig.1.1 (Rosetta’s relation with Mediterranean cities well as it is location in Egypt, Photo done by; author)

Rosetta is ranked the second city after Cairo for having Islamic monuments in Egypt. As well as it had an important role in every historical era, this showed its true value and significance as a pivoting, important city.

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

â&#x20AC;˘ What Rosetta has to offer?

Fig.1.2 : The existing activities and opportunities in Rosetta (Photo done by; author)

3. VISION "Enhance the social society of Rosetta, establishing it as an Egyptian leading touristic hub." From all these opportunities mentioned before, It has been found that Rosetta is a hidden fortune that should be given more attention. This city, if developed would be a perfect international and domestic tourists' destination. Since Egypt is looking forward to raising the tourism rate, Rosetta must be on the list. However, this tourism approach will not only raise the economy but would also enhance the social living standards of the region. Fig.1.3:an illustration for the existing riverfront activity and how it has influenced the central area. (Photo done by; author)

"This vision led to undergo further information to carry out the most suitable strategy for transforming the city into a tourists' destination without losing its identity".

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

4. POTENTIALS

Fig.1.4 : Potentials to reclaim the river (Photo done by; author)

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The first approach was to untangle the story of Rosetta, and to analyze the opportunities as well as the location which give Rosetta its unique identity. Secondly, a vision was seen of transforming Rosetta into a tourism destination, because of the potentials found. Then, the aim was to understand the demographics made by the government as well as the urban development expansion. However, this took us to go for a field visit where we carried out several in-depth interviews that were analyzed in order to conclude a list of problems. Finally, a comparison between field analysis and the ones made by the government, resulted in identifying a solution for the core problem. (Table 1.1)

Table.1.1 (Methodology flowchart)

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

DATA COLLECTION A Primary research was carried out from sources like; articles, reports, and published materials to clarify the historical value of Rosetta and how the development in the city has happened. In addition, a secondary research was done using online surveys, field visits and in-depth interviews with several locals. Data were collected by carrying out interviews, photographing and observing the place. The aim was to analyze the social world, and to focus on refuting or supporting the vision of transforming Rosetta into a touristic destination. 6.1.

Primary research

Historical background:

Rosetta dates back to the Zero Dynasty era, King Narmer uniting the country; also they used to construct the wheels used in war in this city at that time. The town's name changed several times. Firstly, the town named Khito, after that the town's name changed to Poulbotine in the Ptolemaic era, which was later converted to Rashid. During history, Rosetta was characterized by its famous salted fish and snails. Rosetta paid the mamlukis attention to its own importance as an advantageous town when King Louis IX invaded it in order of his Crusade invasions versus the orient. Under The Ottoman caliphate, Rosetta became a prosperous trading harbor. It drew Britain and France’s eyes due to its domination in trading between Europe and the Orient. In 19th century, Rosetta's river silted up and its prosperity has ended as a sea port. In 1799, a stone has ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs key was found near Rosetta, and it is known as Rosetta stone. In 1807, Rosetta's citizens were defending their town from the British forces and their leader Fraser, and unexpectedly Rosetta defeated the British forces which made the British troops leave the town. (Supreme Counci of Antiques, 2003)

Fig.1.5 (The Qaitbay citadel in the past, taken from Rosetta’s museum)

Fig.1.6 ( photo taken from Rosetta’s museum showing a pictures of old Rosetta)

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Historical timeline:

Table 1.2 : Timeline showing the main events that occured in Rosetta. (Supreme council of antiques,2003)

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Rosetta is occupied by several historic and Islamic building that dates back to the Ottoman era. There are 14 mosques and 22 traditional houses as well as an old historical bath the Qaitbay citadel and the monumental garden.

Fig.1.7 ( Abu al-Rish gate)

Fig.1.8 ( Rashi Museum)

Fig.1.10 ( Qaitbay citadel)

Fig.1.9 ( House of Qanadily)

Fig.1.11 (Hangeg mosque)

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies -

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Urban analysis The land use map highlights the lack of open spaces as well as the conjunction of all public services in the central area where the marina is. In addition, it shows that the cemeteries lie on a main route in between the residential area.

Fig .1.12 (Land use map )

Urban development

The importance of Rosetta increased since the sixth century AH / II, when Sultan Qaitbay in 877 AH / 1472 AD, established a large castle known after his name as the Sultan Ghuri, after that in 922 AH / 1516 a defensive wall was built as well as several towers to protect the city. He founded several towers to protect the city and the canal. Then the city gained fame due to the French impact after finding the Rosetta stone. However, the commercial and urban areas started to deteriorate. According to Dar al-Afaq al Arabiya (1999), Rosetta was involved in the developed urban race during its golden age and , and it was accompanied by intense architectural activity. Unfortunately, the evolution rate of the town started clearly decreasing in the past 150 years followed by more slums, trade and diversification of goods. The urbanism development took over agricultural lands to accommodate the increase in population (fig.1.13). In addition, the departures of the French expedition lead to the departure of the townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s influence, prestige and dynamism. (Ministry of Culture - Supreme Council of Antiquities, 2003). 12

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Population of Rosetta in 2006 was about 69,827 people representing about 7.7% of the total urban population of El-Bahira, the population annual growth rate was 2.6% during the 1976/1986, and has dropped to 1.1% during 1986/1996, and to 1.8% during 1996/2006 (Zubir& Brebbia,2013,p. 215).

Urban mass 2007 A.D. Urban mass 1985 A.D. Urban mass 1953 A.D.

The urban problems of Rosetta

Unplanned and undirected expansion of the new urban cluster of Rosetta was a major problem. According to EL-RAEY, FOUDA and GAL (n,d), it can be seen from the city plan that Rosetta consists of five informal areas (Ezbet Hassan Ali - Abou El Reish - Qatqat - Alkasra – khalf Al Mhwlat) (Fig.1.14). The area of Khalaf Al Mhwlat which lies within the city, has the largest proportion of the total informal areas; it has 35% of the total area. Followed by the Second one (Qatqat) area, which has 20% of the total area, and is equal to the area of (Abu Rish) 20% and then the area of (Alkasra) is 17.5% And finally (Ezbet Hassan) is 7.5% that lies outside the city (Project Preparing the general strategic plan.., n.d.). The research adopted visiting three main historical sites, to recognize the performance of employees working there, as well as people’s attitude towards those sites.

Fig.1.13 (Urban expansion - Photo done by; author)

Ezzbt Hassan Ali Abu Al-Rish

Qatqat

El-Kasarah

Khalf Al-mhwlat

Fig.1.14 (Rosetta’s settlement Photo done by; author, Source: general organization and physical planning)

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

6.2.

Secondary research

In-depth interviews:

The research carried out ten indepth interviews with different region inhabitants to analyze their accommodation place (Fig.1.15) and educational level. The interview pointed out that the people are aware of the value of their city.

Fig.1.16 (whether the locals have join school or not)

Fig.1.15 (Accommodation place of people working in the city )

Fig.1.17 (Locals awareness of Rosetta’s historical value)

Conclusion

The majority of the people go to the central area to seek work. This claims that if there are alternative job opportunities, the urban spread will be among the whole area. In addition, the high rate of uneducated locals can be motivated to work in productive crafts’ industry. While their high knowledge of Rosetta’s value adds an amenity helping the economy. -

Observing and photographing the place.

The observation focused on social configurations rather than cultural configurations to minimize the errors.

Fig.1.18 (Field visit photographs)

“The very first approach with the locals, they gave a very welcoming and generous impression. Hence, the lady did not mind talking about the problems she is facing as well as giving the team a breif guidance to the important monuments.”

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

â&#x20AC;˘

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Local crafts: Villagers take advantage of local crafting to create a source of daily income. Local men harvest palm tree trunks to produce a variety of products such as; furniture (Fig.1.19), building elements and wooden crates (Fig.1.20). In addition, women make traditional costumes, consisting of patterns and accessories that reflect the identity of the place(Fig.1.21). Also, because of the city's location, people of Rosetta are familiar with ship manufacturing (Fig.1.22) and repairs, where they've got several workshops by the riverside.

Fig.1.19 (Furniture)

Fig.1.21 (Costume & Jewelry making )

â&#x20AC;˘

Fig.1.20 (Wooden crates)

Fig.1.22 (Ship manufacturing)

Youth lifestyle: Youth suffer lack of motivation that takes all their dreams into the thought of immigrating through an informal way. The destroyed or non functioning fishing boats however take the desperate youth from Ras hid to either Turkey or Greece through the Mediterranean. Unfortunately, people of Rosetta do not see the fortune of having "the city of the million palm trees". Also, having no university/institute in town and the fact that the nearest one is over 70 km away, most of them flee.

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Short Distance to major touristic destinations from city center Destination

Distance

Kafr el sheikh Museum Citadel of Qaitbay

10 minuets by ferry boat In the center of downtown 6.8 Km, 14 minuets by Car

Abu Mandur mosque

2.5 Km, 7 minuets by Car

Zaglol Mosque

800 m 4 minuets by Car

Table.1.3 (Distance From City Center)

Survey analysis:

A survey was made to analyze the wether people knew about Rosetta or not of both Egyptians and Foreigners(Fig.1.23), as they're the research's target tourists' group. Around 400 questionnaires were collected, that tested the hypothesis suggested, to transform Rosetta into a touristic destination (Fig.1.24). A short brief with some pictures of Rosetta were mentioned before testing their willingness to visit the city (Fig.1.25). In addition, a checklist was made based on our vision to conclude the preferable activities that would grab visitors other than sightseeing (Fig.1.26).

Fig.1.23 (Rashidâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Awareness among people)

Fig.1.24 (Nationality of people interviewed )

No. of people

Chapter I

Fig.1.25 (Willingness to visit Rosetta

Fig.1.26 (Interviewersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; preference to activities suggested in the questionnaires)

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

6.3. Demographics (CAPMAS, 2006)

Fig.1.27 (Industrial establishments in Rosetta 2006)

According to CAPMAS 2010: • Economic activities: Tourism Fishing Palm production • 220000 of population are employed. • 10% of population are unemployed. • 14% of employed population are females. Current asset map: • Railway station • River connection • Riverfront could be used for tourism • Cliffs could be used for entertaiment • Possibility of linking city with cliffs • Urban development opportunity • Heritage restoration possibility • High residential occupancy • Changing the cemetries into facilities if found an alternative • Possibility of preserving the million palms. Fig.1.28 (Current asset map of Rosetta, Source: General organization and physical planning)

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

DATA ANALYSIS List of problems

Social Unemployment is the main reason people pursue a life without education Educated youth aim for immigration, whether it was legal or not There are no leisure facilities for people except for the marina

Economic

Educational

Misuse of the riverside land

People lack awareness regarding the education of their children as some parents may deprive their son of going to school believing it is nonprofitable, while learning a craft would be more useful

People do not benefit as they are supposed to from the handmade crafts they do because there is no market for them Rosetta has lost the number of tourists who used to visit the city after the revolution. The urban expansion is towards the agricultural lands

If a student want to joing a university; they’ll would have to leave either to Alexandria or Damanhur as these are the closest areas that have universities.

Table 1.4 (List of problems in Rosetta)

Significant Assets

Social People are very welcoming Regional inhabitants are aware of Rosetta’s historical value People are seeking new interventions

Economic

Educational

The location of the city, being at the country’s edge

The know-how of local crafts is there

Has a one of a kind location, where the river drains in the sea

The knowledge of know how is transfered to the younger generations

The heritge and historical monuments existing Table 1.5 (Significant assets in Rosetta)

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies 8.

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

CORE PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION "Despite Rosetta's historical and geographical value, tourism does not count as a main factor contributing its economy".

SCOPE OF CORE PROBLEM Villagers claim that before the 2011 revolution, many tourists used to visit Rosetta, especially the French people. Although, the facilities did not meet a tourist's satisfaction they still visited the city. Meanwhile there are many assets that are not well allocated to meet certain touristic standards despite the potential the city has. In addition, 80% of interviewed region inhabitants believed that their beloved city is being neglected and its value has dropped after the drop that has happened in the overall tourism rate in Egypt.

10. OBJECTIVE As explained before, this research seeks an understanding of the local needs, and historical background of Rosetta, therefore suggests the best research-based tourism project, that fits the selected target groups. However, the study does not aim to tackle all analyzed problems, but uses tourism as a catalyst promoting the enhancement of the economic and urban development of Rosetta. Tourism has the ability to shift developments away from the densely populated areas. The popularity of river taxis are booming lately. Not only as it provides a method to explore the sites close to the riverside, but it also adds an activity to the visitor by admring the beautiful scenery. However, people who prefer dry land, would still visit the historical monuments by foot, bike or even enjoying a carriage.

"A project that uses tourism as a catalyst, that enhances the social, economic and environmental standards of the city.” A mixed-use tourism project located by the river Nile

Project’s Impact on the Community

Preserve the Identity

Reclaim the riverfront activities

Generate a Add value market for to the city Reassures the local crafts by uniting its local strength assets and spread it internationally

Table 1.6 (Project’s Impact on the Community)

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

11. PLAN DONE BY THE GOVERMENT Moreover, it's one of the regions selected by the government in the national policy for new urban development. (The building authority in 2006) - For the services: 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6-

Build schools for various educational phases. Build a specialized hospital. Build a social sportive club. Development of the corniche of Rashid. Build ring road in the north west of the city. Build a transportation hub.

- For slums: 1- 2- 3- 4- 5-

Development of 5 slums.(Table.1.3) Limitation of 5 slums by renovation of 365 residential units. Build 2294 residential units in the available areas. Build 100 residential unit in the Iskan Mubarak project. Build a public park.

- For the local economy: 1- 2-

Touristic and environmental development in the historic regions. Build 10 boats for touristic trips in the Nile.

12. IMPACT OF TOURISM 12.1. Rosetta as touristic destination According to sustainable cities (2006), tourism action in Rosetta reached 3.8% of the total economic activities as measured by the specialist in the area. 12.2. People visit Egypt for its distinguished characteristics such as: • Egypt has a unique cuisine. • Hospitality of Egyptians. • The climate of Egypt is wonderful regardless of the time of the year. • Almost all of the cities in Egypt have experienced multi-cultural events in different eras.

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

12.3. According to President Sadat (1974), the only way to accommodate the existing population as well as the future expansion is to promote alternative economic activities to agricultural outside the Nile valley. Because tourism has the ability to shift development away from the densely populated areas, it could be a perfect planned economic development in Rosetta. 12.4. Historical capacity of the city as condition of tourism development.

Ismagilova, Safiullin and Gafurov (2015) stated that, both cultural and historical potential of a city has an upper hand contributing it is tourism. This means that: • Monuments of this potential could set a base to modern cities which creates income and influences the economic development (Ismagilova, Safiullin and Gafurov,2015). • As a marketing tool, monuments are used to set branding image for the region they exist (Ismagilova, Safiullin and Gafurov,2015). The Reason behind it being unsuccessful can be defined. According to Ismagilova, Safiullin and Gafurov (2015), poor advertising,lack of presentations and souvenirs results in a negative impact for the destination.

12.5. Touristic approach (cultural tourism) Chosen types of cultural tourism Tourism product, activities - Religious tourism, pilgrimage routes • Visiting religious sites and locations with religious motivation • Visiting religious sites and locations without religious motivation (desired by the architectural and cultural importance of the sight) - Creative culture tourism • Craft • Design and cultural tourism - Event and festival tourism

• Cultural festivals and events • Music festivals and events (classic and light or pop music) • Fine arts festivals and events

Table.1.7 (Ed. Csapó. J. 2011)

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

13. THEORIES CONCERNING TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN OTHER CITIES 13.1. The experience of Santos (Brazil) Background: The city of Santos is one of the oldest cities in Brazil, founded in 1546, and already had its port activities, (Fig.1.29). Exportation of coffee, in the 19th Century, and the industrialization of the State of São Paulo, in the 20th Century, led the port to become the largest in Latin America, with movement of cargo exceeding 100 million tons/ year. (L. Nunes, A. Gonçalves &M. Henriques, n.d.)

Fig.1.29 (Santos and its port, in the 1880´s and today)

Vision: "To improve the tourism and recover the identity of the city’s port.” Government's approach before crisis:

Table.1.8 (Timeline of Santos government’s approach before crisis)

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

The Project Porto Valongo Santos: - Strategy: the local residents no longer identified their port. In addition, the port caused a problem of traffic that affected urban roads; and a source of atmospheric pollution. The relationship between the city and the port affected their citizens’ confidence negatively. This problem was resolved by creating the town hall of Santos in 2005, as the General office of Port and Marine Affairs, the first in the country, which provided them with technical and political approach, improving the relationship city-port. (L. Nunes, A. Gonçalves &M. Henriques, n.d.). The activities under responsibility of the public power would be: - Spaces for production, cultural and artistic exhibitions, with painters, sculptors and other artists and artisans producing and exhibiting locally; - Port and marine museum, involving port work, connection port / city, marine sceneries, immigration, etc. - Tourist Information Center. - Walk Decks. - Passengers' stations for local and regional nautical transports, including connections Santos / Guarujá, Santos / Mainland ( Diana island and others). - Bases for local and regional tourist vessels, including vessel-taxis; - Bases for operations of vessels of Ecological Tourism, including special vessels for shows, flotation restaurants, etc. - Institute of Sciences of the Sea, as set by UNIFESP - Federal University of the State of São Paulo. - Area for Air base of Santos. - Fire Brigade Waterways Unit. - Free areas in every area to be revitalized, including areas of circulation and observation; for small fairs and commercial kiosks, and creation of architectural landmarks, outdoors sculptures and other similar attractions. - Forested squares and Green areas; and Leisure areas. Conclusion: The city has collected its instinct features and tried to market it to the world. Also, the town hall improved the citizens’ confidence positivity. Common with Rosetta: • The port no longer identified the city. • The confidence of the residence was affected negatively by the loss of their identify.

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

13.2. Alicante's harbor, Spain Background: “During the 80’s, it lost the majority of its commercial movement to Valencia's harbor and endured modern decrease. The Special Plan for the Port (PEP) in 1992 permitted development and made arrangement for specific zones of eateries and a broad promenade of bars and clubs.” (City of Edinburgh Council, 2014). (Fig. 1.30, 1.31). Vision:

Fig.1.30 (Alicante)

“To enhance the region for inhabitants, advance lodging and social exercises, support monetary action, recover the port and increment tourism. The Alicante Regeneration Plan Objectives are part into 3 classes: Social, Urban Planning, and Architectural Objectives." (City of Edinburgh Council, 2014). Potentials:

Fig.1.31 (Alicante)

- It is one of the traditional coastal destinations of the Mediterranean in Spain. - An exampular study of the tourism phenomenon. - A town where the visitor and overnight stays exceed the numbr of inhabitants (data from 2012). - It has the hotel in Europe which is Bali hotel. Why did Alicante become a tourist destination?! - There’s a local entrepreneurial basis. - It is well designed by expertise organization that complements. - Alicante has a very mild weather. Some of the Government's development plan: - Introducing new admin services. - Improve the coordination between sectors. - Citizens participation in governance by stimulating the e-democracy. - Establishing a transparency level for the adminstration.

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

13.3. Dundee waterfront, River Tay Background: “In 1998 the Dundee Partnership took a gander at alternatives for re-coordinating the waterfront of the city. Different choices were viewed as, running from humble to more radical recommendations, previously settling on the present 30 year master plan (2001-2031). This includes 240 hectares of land and extends more than 8km along the River Tay. It is the third biggest recovery venture in the UK. It is required to end up noticeably Scotland's first feasible group (BREEAM). Making of more than 7,000 new employments inside the 5 zones alone.” (City of Edinburgh Council, 2014). (Fig. 1.32, 1.33).

Fig.1.32 (Dundee)

Vision: “The building is a previous jute mill which has been changed over into a high particular office space is situated in the focal zone of Seabraes. As of now possessed by various organizations including the head office of sanctioned bookkeepers Henderson Loggie and a few organizations related with the inventive and recreations businesses.” (City of Edinburgh Council, 2014.

Fig.1.33 (Dundee)

Some of the Government's development plan: - The extension of the city centre down to the waterfront. - Improved provision for walking, cycling and buses. - The reduction of the effect of cars and parking. - The creation of a pair of east/west tree lined boulevards. - The provision of a new rail station and arrival square.

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

13.4. Glasgow, River Clyde Background: “The waterfront recovery along the Clyde is tremendous, including an extend of more than 20km; it is on a substantially bigger scale than the recommendation for Leith's redevelopment. In any case, there are correlations with be drawn from Fig.1.34 (Glasgow) the Clyde illustration. With more than 200 tasks. Running from Dumbarton to the core of Glasgow, this venture has been concurred National Priority Status. Redevelopment and recovery has been a point in this locale for a long time, with the decrease of industry, for example, shipbuilding, high joblessness and other related issues. In mid 2000s, the Clyde Waterfront Recovery Initiative was built up to change the riverfront zones.” (City of Edinburgh Council, 2014). (Fig. 1.34, 1.35).

Vision: “Clyde Waterfront was a vital association including the Scottish Government, Scottish Enterprise, Glasgow City, Renfrewshire and West Dunbartonshire Councils. Its motivation from 2003 to 2014 was to advance the monetary, social and natural recovery of 13 miles of the River Clyde from Glasgow downtown area to Dumbarton.” (City of Edinburgh Council, 2014).

Fig.1.35 (Glasgow)

Investment: Initial strategy was to use majority of public funding, plus additional partner funding, to substantially improve infrastructure. This was in a bid to secure greater private sector investment whilst improving connectivity & manageability. Conclusion: Shares same issues of joblessness, decrease of industry and ship building.

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

13.5. Port city of Acre is making a comeback Vision: "Revitalize the harbor area; one of the world's oldest settlements is undergoing a modern-day renaissance to the benefit of Arabs and Jews". (Steinberg, 2016). Background: Acre is located on the coast of the Mediterranean with a unique harbor that made its importance. As a historic city, it has earned bragging rights, and in 2001 the UN’s cultural agency, UNESCO, recognized it as a World Heritage Site for its collection of Ottoman architecture and Crusader ruins. Despite its not the largest city, it's becoming an example for a mixed city in Israel. Some of the Government's development plans (Hariri, n.d): - Expanding the current marina to dock at least 300 ships: this intends to pay maximum attention the old city's monuments. - Utilizing the potentials in their religious sites. - Change the southern region from industry to recreational and tourism. - The Na'aman River should be transformed into a daily recreation and activity center both for the region's inhabitants and for the tourists. Government's approach to draw visitors for longer stays in town: - The famed seafood restaurant situated in the port: This has become one of the most popular restaurants which also encouraged other businesses to start. - According to Steinberg (2016), new hotels and international festivals brine more visitors the city: “We do it all in order to brand the city,” Lankri says. “To show that Acre is a place of attractions and history — we’re creating possibilities.” - Opening two tourist's attractions in the most important sites; an interactive museum to be displaying acre's past as well as A show featuring unique Crusader hospitality including knight battles and a Crusader meal in the evenings. Comparison with Rosetta: "Acre is replete with impressive historical, archaeological and architectural remains reflecting its rich past.” (Harari, n.d).

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

14. Summary of literature 1.Reclaim the river front and ferry culture. • Because of the significance of Rosetta being the symbol of exchange between two culture and provinces, it is necessary to bring the people to the site of the thesis design with river taxi as their departure point. The fully exposure to the long scroll of scenic landscape of river Nile is the first step of the experience. 2.Embrace the local crafts’ activities. • The local crafts along the river will not only provide abundant means of income and economic resources, but also have a significant educational impact for the visitors. 3.Utilize the regional features of landscape, resources and other tourism destination for potential visitors. • Since most of the scenic attractions, historical and natural features won’t assure tourist’s ambitious to visit on their own, it was found to promote tourism through a long process of activity and village experience which helps enrich the seasonal tourism of the region. - Conclusion of literature review: • Marketing is a powerful tool promoting tourism. • the success of an architectural intervention is based on identifying the existing assets and market them to the world. • No architectural project can fulfill a strategy without some urban interventions to complement it. • Activating the river front is crucial to promote tourism and raise the economy in Rosetta. • Projects should be functionally inspired from the local surroundings while the marketing startegy could be an international inspiration. 28

Chapter I

|Theories & Strategies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

15. PROPOSED PROJECT Rosetta’s Village: This project aims to encourage domestic and international tourists, to explore the city's culture and history through the interaction with the locals and sightseeing tours. Apart from the touristic seasons, the project can provide facilities to be used by the locals to improve their lives.

The main components: • A marina to serve yachts coming from Mediterranean countries. • Cabanas for one day use, to encourage day travelers from other neighboring areas to visit. •

Main halls for local and international events.

• Tourists' information center, to provide knowledge about Rosetta's historical and heroic events. •

Bazaars, to exhibit local crafts.

• Food market and restaurants, to serve Egyptian cuisine as well as international cuisines. • Bus stop drop off to pick tourists to touristic sites.

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

URBAN ANALYSIS - In-between spaces: Since the city has a great Islamic impact and has witnessed several cultural changes, the buildings and the streets were influenced. However, as the urban development took place, the central area started to accommodate many social interventions and also architectural. Interventions such as changing the ground floor level of residential building to meet the mixed use tradition; mainly into coffee shops, also food vendors took place at street intersections. The architectural intervention was vertically extending the old building with modern facades, also introducing several styles into the district that made it use is original identity.

social intervention (coffee shops)

old building islamic facade

Fig.2.1(social intervention in between residential spaces)

same building Type food vendors

extruded terraces

Fig.2.1 (social intervention in between residential spaces)

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Illegal coffee shops in streets

carpenter workshops in street wooden crates traders

Street display of chairs for occasions

Plumbing tools display

Fig.2.2 (Analysis of alley intervension)

- Central area: NO HEIGHT REGULATIONS PALM TREES

HIGH VOLTAGE LINE ROSETTA MUSEUM

SCHOOL

ROOFS USED AS GOVERNMENT STORAGE INSTITUTION

MARINA POLICE STATION

ONLY PROPER HOTEL

Fig.2.3 (Central Area of Rosetta)

The central area has all the services that the city offers in one spot. There are no other activities anywhere. It has the schools, the governmental institutes and the major historical sites.

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Landmarks:

Fig.2.4 (A top view from the roof of a hotel)

Fig.2.5 (monumental castle)

Nodes

Landmark Fig.2.6 (Masjed Abu Mandor)

Fig.2.7 (Rosetta map)

- Solid and Void:

- Buildings condition:

Well constructed

Solid Void

Fig.2.8 (Solid and void map)

Red bricks/ slums

Fig.2.9 (Buildings condition map)

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Road hierarchy: Sub-Road 16m Inner Main Road 12m Inner Sub-Road 10m Service Road 8m

Fig.2.10 (Road hierarchy map)

- Sanitation:

Main Sub Connection

Fig.2.11 (Sanitation map)

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Vegetation: - The name “city of a million palm” as Rosetta is called was proven by the vegetation. Palm trees agriculture is on of Rosetta’s unique features, where many local crafts such as furniture and ship making, as well as the trade of date makes a living for many inhabitants - It was also observed that Rosetta harvests vast fruit types, this contradicts the fact that Egypt imports fruits overseas. This could highlight a potential for inhabitants to work on and develop promoting the country’s economy.

Fig.2.12 (Vegetation distribution among Rosetta)

- Soil analysis: 7 meters of silt and clay which makes it hard to construct using traditional ways. In this case, its suggested to use deep piles to reach the layer under it as its safer and longer lasting as piles resists the changing in soil levels. The layer of alkaline soil is very dangerous for the piles and steel constructions which are the foundation, as it encourages rusting. Therefore, the foundation should be well insulated.

Fig.2.13 (Clay/Silt intensity among the river bank)

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- The riverside usage: The criteria of the site selection were including a location by the riverside, so an observatory analysis for the riverside land-use was made. It was shown that there are 20 brick factories located along the riverside, dating back to the traditional brick making techniques of using silt and clay. However, the employees claimed that the location is no longer necessary for the factories as their raw material is gotten from cliffs and mountain a few kilometers far from the area. Not only had this, but also on both river bays, accommodated ship making workshops which is a traditional local craft for most villagers. It is also crucial to mention that the river provides the only leisure activity for the locals aside from the coffee shops, there're no parks or any other outdoor space for people to have a good time together. kafr el sheikh

fish farms

ships industry

Fig.2.14 (Rosetta riverside )

nile view

(Rosetta riverside )

blocks material brought from stones far away

Fig.2.15 (Blocks industry )

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Skyline :

Fig.2.16 (Skyline of Rosetta)

The skyline shows that whenever a landmark exists, it triggers the urban development around it. So, this explains that if a strong project or landmark is created toward the empty land would attract the crowd away from the city center. Fig.2.17 â&#x20AC;&#x153;the city of a million palm tree, invaded by slums surrounding the religious building â&#x20AC;?.

Fig.2.18 (Where a landmark exists, the urban development takes place around. )

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

2. SITE SELECTION - a. Site criteria: From the previous analysis, it was found that there is a strong relation between, the riverside and the locals as well as their tending together around the services in the area. This was clearly shown in the land use map, that all public services are close to the riverside, and the residential area are expanding in projection from the central area towards the agriculture land. Also, it is ironic that this resulted in neglect-ion of a really important historical citadel just because it is away from the central area. However, this was reflected in the criteria of the site selection process. The criteria included: • • • •

Location: by the river /sea. Location that is not in the central area. Has the opportunity to accessible by cars and buses . On a main road.

- b. Site selection proposals:

Fig.2.19 (The three sites proposed sites)

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- c. Site selection criteria:

- Site 1: - Advantages - Near the city of Rashid. - The other commercial growth of the area can enhance the popularity of the site. - Disadvantages -Site has silt and clay, that makes it more hard for construction. - Fish farms create a bad view. Fig.2.20 (Site 1 )

- Site 2:

- Advantages - Faces the Nile River and the sea. - Easily accessible by roads. - Tourism approach from the Mediterranean. - Disadvantages - Tides reach up to 74cm above the sea level while the least is 40cm below the sea level. Fig.2.21 (Site 2 )

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Site 3: - Advantages -Close to the most visited mosque. - The closest to the city center. - Disadvantages -Fish farms create a bad view. -Cemeteries. - It might trigger the urban expansion towards agricultural land. Fig.2.22 (Site 3 )

- Criteria fulfilingess:

Strong

- Conclusion:

Weak

Table.2.1 (Site selection criteria)

Site 2 Has fulfilled the criteria of being by the river, and accessed by

cars, and ferries, yet it is not close to any historical sites but the citadel. However, distinct location of the river/sea intersection adds value to the land creating an extra amenity. The part of the land used by boarder guards is overcome by shifting the site borders down side. 40

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- e. Chosen site: - Site 2:

Fig.2.23 (Site 2 on map)

Fig.2.24 (Site 2 Panorama)

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- 1. Surrounding:

Fig.2.25 (Choosen site 2, source: Google earth )

- 2. Climate: According to Climate-org, Rosetta is classified as a hot dry climatic region that witnesses almost no rainfall throughout the year.

Avg. (°C) Min. (°C) Max. (°C) Avg. (°F) Min. °F) Max. (°F) Prec/ Rain(mm)

Jan- Feb

Mar Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

Oct Nov Dec

14.5 10.2 18.8 58.1 50.4 65.8 50

16 11.2 20.9 60.8 52.2 69.6 13

21.8 16.4 27.2 71.2 61.5 81.0 3

26.2 21.7 30.7 79.2 71.1 87.3 0

26.9 22.4 31.5 80.4 72.3 88.7 0

23.9 19 28.8 75.0 66.2 83.8 9

14.4 10 18.9 57.9 50.0 66.0 26

18.6 13.2 24 65.5 55.8 75.2 4

24.4 19.5 29.3 75.9 67.1 84.7 0

25.9 21.3 30.5 78.6 70.3 86.9 0

20.3 15.7 25 68.5 60.3 77.0 25

16.4 12 20.8 61.5 53.6 69.4 51

Table.2.2 (Climate chart of Rosetta, Source: climate-data.org)

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Comfort level:

Table.2.3 (Climate chart of Rosetta, Source: climate-data.org)

Fig.2.26(Wind Rose )

Fig.2.27 (weather analysis)

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

- 3.

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Site inventory:

Fig.2.28 (The Road leading to site 2)

Fig.2.29 (site 2 gateway)

Fig.2.30 (site 2 analysis)

Fig.2.31 (site 2 analysis)

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- 3. Site Considerations: - Area: 18,600 m2 . - A street splitting the site . - Military area at the end of Concrete stones by the shore to limit tide effect.

Site considerations • Achieve view by height hierarchy • introducing a new service road to the project to have two entrances • Raise the land or the buildings close to the shore to reduce tide effect

Fig.2.32 (site 2 considerations)

-Achieve view by height hierarchy. -introducing a new service road to the project to have two entrances. -Raise the land or the buildings close to the shore to reduce tide effect. -Reclaim the ferry culture. -Embrace the agriculture activities. -Utilize the regional features of landscape, resources and other cultural sites for potential visitors.

Fig.2.33 (site 2 considerations)

Chapter II

|Site Analysis

- 4.

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Topography:

Fig.2.32 (site 2 3D topography)

The site is split into two by a main road where the majority of the land lied behind the road. However, the riverside land has stone by the shore that could be left as they creating meditation spaces for visitors. However, the other side has natural vegetation that could be removed as they do not have any Fig.2.34 (site 2 topography)

Chapter III

|Design Issues

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Design issues considered

Image

Interaction Circulation

Flexibility

Safety

Comfort

Environmental impact

Legitability Mood

Territory

Sustainability

Chapter III

|Design Issues

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

1. Image: - General definition: A representation for the external form of a person or thing in art. - Architectural definition: It is the main vision of any project at the early stages of its development providing an early message describing its identity and approach.

Fig.3.1 (Creating a landmark at the city portal, that will integrate between the city center and the harbor, transforming Rosetta into a public plaza.)

- Identity: • •

A comeback for the city. Revitalizing the relationship between the port and the city.

- Order/Hierarchy: • • •

Motivating youth. Promoting local crafts. Seeding the city’s economy.

Chapter III

|Design Issues

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

2. CIRCULATION: - General definition: Movement to and from or around something, especially that of fluid in a closed system. - Architectural definition: It refers to the way people move through and interact with a building.

Fig.3.2 (Through a building)

USE

Fig.3.3 ( Interact with a building)

DIRECTION

Public circulation: The areas of the building which are most widely and easily accessible. Issues of visibility, how crowds move, and clear escape paths are key.

Horizotal circulation: Includes hallways, paths, entries and exits. It is also affected by the furniture layout, or other objects such as columns, trees, or topographic changes.

Private circulation: the more intimate movements within the building, or the more ugly ones which require a degree of privacy.

Vertical circulation: how people move up and down within the building, so includes things like stairs, lifts, ramps, ladders and escalators which allow us to move from one level to another.

Chapter III

|Design Issues

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- The Ubunto center, Port Elizabeth, South Africa To make the center approachable for residents, the architects used a locally familiar materials palette of concrete, glass, and gum poles. (Fig. 3.4). Fig.3.4 ( The Ubunto center)

- Löyly,Helsinki, Finland The stepped cloak forms stairs to climb on to the roof and look out terraces on top of the building. The construction forms a big outdoor auditorium for the future marine sports center’s activities on the sea. (Fig. 3.5).

Fig.3.5 ( Löyly,Helsinki, Finland)

- The Palestinian Museum The cascade of terraces tells a diversity of stories; citrus brought in through trade routes, native aromatic herbs, a rich and varied landscape with connections east and west. (Fig.3.6). Pedestrians Vehicles Parking

Fig.3.6 ( The Palestinian M useum circulation)

- Waterfront of the City of Pargas, Finland. Connecting the street and public spaces to those of the harbor front itself. Pedestrians are invited to explore the variety new recreational spaces in what the firm has coined as “a string of pearls”, thus functioning as a natural extension of the city. (Fig. 3.7)

Fig.3.7 ( Pedestrians are invited to explore the harbor)

Chapter III

|Design Issues

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

3. INTERACTION: - General definition: A Reciprocal action or influence. - Architectural definition: Experience Design is the process of creating these spaces. And this is an unwarranted request for architects and designers to embrace and engage in the design of such spaces that integrate the electronic into the fabric of their architecture. - Core benefit: Cultural and social exchange between tourists and the region inhabitants. Group Participation: The act of sharing in the activities of a group.

Fig.3.8 ( making use of context, empowering social activities.)

Exhibition Boats

Museum

Bazaars

Fig.3.9 (Cultural exchange through design process.)

Fig.3.10 (Social interaction)

Chapter III

|Design Issues

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

4. FLEXIBILITY: - General definition: The quality of bending easily without breaking. - Architectural definition: It is the capabilities of being bent, pliancy. The acceptance of modification or alteration for capacity adaptation of various purposes or conditions. Also, freedom from stiffness or rigidity.

- Construction technique flexibility: The space design could be altered according to function, privacy or atmosphere of the place.

- Services distribution flexibility: The exact space could have more than one function according to the time, event or the users.

Fig.3.11 (The cascade floor is a local crafts market, while turns into an amphitheater during events)

Local Markets

Theater

Fig.3.12 (the wall changes, changing the function of the room)

Chapter III

|Design Issues

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

5. SAFETY: - General definition: The condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury. - Architectural definition: Factors that will help increasing the safety of the building.

â&#x20AC;˘

Principles of all-hazard building design:

Plan for Fire Protection

Protect Occupant Safety and Health

planning fire security for a building includes a system approach that empowers the architect to break down the majority of the building's segments as an aggregate building fire well system bundle.

A few wounds and ailments are identified with risky or undesirable building plan and operation. These can as a rule be avoided by measures that consider issues, for example, indoor air quality, electrical security, fall insurance, ergonomics, and mishap counteractive action.

Provide Security for Building Occupants and Assets

Natural Hazards Mitigation

Compelling secure building configuration includes executing countermeasures to stop, recognize,postponement, and react to assaults from human aggressors. It likewise accommodates alleviating measures to constrain dangers to counteract disastrous harm and give strength should an assault happen.

Plan experts concur that the best approach to moderate misfortunes of life, property, and capacity is to outline structures that are calamity safe. This approach ought to be consolidated into the undertaking arranging, plan, and improvement at the most punctual conceivable stage with the goal that outline and material choices can be founded on an incorporated. 54

Chapter III

|Design Issues

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: - General definition: The effect of a change in the physical environment on an organism.

- Architectural definition: The buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s impact on the environment.

Green design isn't only the utilization of vitality effective materials. It additionally includes the formation of items and system with a light impression on the earth over the full life-cycle. Life cycle ranges from creation to transportation, establishment, utilize and recharging. All things considered, feasible green plan ought to be thought of as a procedure, not only an objectiveâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;taking into account a more extensive assessment of the natural issues, efficient and societal effects of an item. We take a gander at items as single units and as a major aspect of a systems in their condition.

- While the meaning of sustainable building design advances after some time, six essential standards hold on:

Optimize Site Potential

Optimize Energy Use

Optimize Building Space and

Protect and Conserve

Material Use

Water

Enhance Indoor Environmen-

Optimize Operational and

tal Quality (IEQ)

Maintenance Practices 55

Chapter III

|Design Issues

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

7. COMFORT: - General definition: A state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint. - Architectural definition: The condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the space and environment. Buildings are designed for people, and those individuals are attempting to finish task â&#x20AC;&#x201C; The building needs to keep Occupant agreeable, effective, healthy, and sheltered as they set about their task.

Fig.3.13

Fig.3.14

Thermal Comfort

Acoustic Comfort

Keeping up a person's thermal comfort implies guaranteeing that they don't feel excessively hot or excessively cold. This implies keeping the temperature, stickiness, wind stream and brilliant sources inside worthy range.

having the correct level and nature of commotion to utilize the space as expected.

Fig.3.15

Fig.3.16

Visual Comfort

Air quality

Keeping up visual comfort implies guaranteeing that individuals have enough light for their exercises, the light has the correct quality and adjust, and individuals have great perspectives.

in addition to air that is the correct temperature and dampness for warm comfort, it's essential that air is perfect, fresh, and circled effectively in the space.

Chapter III

|Design Issues

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

MOOD : - General definition: A temporary state of mind or feeling. - Architectural definition: Look and feel of a place (mall, restaurant, tourist destination, etc.) that evokes a unique atmosphere and makes it sticky. "Structures and urban spaces ought to be outlined as a matter of first importance around their tenants," says (Dr Sergio alcontent, designer and partner teacher in the division of engineering and constructed condition at the Nottingham college.) "The significance of engineering as a trigger to physical, physiological and mental prosperity is these days turning into a point of critical pertinence."

Fig.3.17 (The effect on the person’s mood)

" Surely natural light physiologically affects individuals" (Dr Alan Lewis). "Research has demonstrated that noticeable light encourages the human’s body to control the generation of the hormone melanin, which directs our body clock, influencing comfort examples and assimilation.

Color and material are powerful tools. With regards to visual correspondence, few highlights are more compelling at pulling in consideration and affecting our emotions and discernment. Which is the thing that makes shading such an imperative piece of setting up a state of mind in your outline. Shading even crawls its way into dialect… for what reason do we say individuals are "seeing red" when they're furious or "feeling blue" when they're tragic? Since shading has an exceptional association with our states of mind and feelings. Spaces which are outlandish, and subjective, exercise the eye in careful control among shape and capacity. 57

Chapter III

|Design Issues

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

9. LEGITIBILTY: - General definition: The quality of being clear enough to read. - Architectural definition: It means the possibility of organizing an environment within an imageable and coherent pattern.

Fig.3.18 (Plan and section)

The organization of the buildings and their link is misleading to the user.

Fig.3.19 (Plan and section)

The pattern of the land-use, helps the user defining their route to their destination.

Chapter III

|Design Issues

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

10. TERRITORY: - General definition: An area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state. - Architectural definition: A geographic area belonging to or under the jurisdiction of a governmental authority.

The location of the project will act as an eye on the borders that will control the illegal immigration. (Fig. 3.20). Fig.3.20

Inside the land, the circulation of the users is controlled by fences using each facility. Some facilities do not need entrance control like the marina, while for the theatre for example, a criterion of users is selected. (Fig. 3.21) Fig.3.21

The only edge of facing the city trolled to ensure lection of users mand. (Fig. 3.22).

the site is conthe seon de-

Fig.3.22

Chapter IV

|Sustainability

ROSETTA| as a tourism destination

- SUSTAINABILITY: It is the ability of a system or a process to keep functioning and productive. “Sustainability is to create and maintain conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations.” (The National Environmental Policy Act, 1969). Social, Economic and Environmental sustainability are the three main components of sustainability. Each one has its own identity and aspects that should be dealt with separately, they somehow overlap forming connections to a certain extent. Fig.4.1(Sustainability)

- Environmental Sustainability: It is a state in which the demands set on nature can be met without lowering its ability to allow all individuals to live well, now and later on. It is defined as capable collaboration with nature to avoid regression or depletion of the natural resources and consider long lasting quality of the environment. Environmental sustainable building designs evolve principles persistence:

Fig.4.2 (Environmental sustainability)

- Indoor environment quality: A healthy indoor environment quality for the wellbeing of building occupants includes: • Daylight • Thermal comfort • Natural ventilation - Energy efficiency: The efficient use of energy,to reduce total operating green house emissions and to reduce energy peak demand. • Efficient shading • Efficient heating and cooling services • Onsite generation of energy - Water efficiency: The efficient use of water, to reduce total operating fresh water use and to encourage the appropriate use of alternative water sources. • Use efficient fixtures and fittings • Avoid the use of fresh water in landscape irrigation • Re–use water (e.g. greywater)

Chapter IV

|Sustainability

ROSETTA| as a tourism destination

- Building materials: To lower the environmental impacts of materials used by encouraging the use of materials that withstands the test of time. • Embodied energy of materials • Use of materials with recycled content • Future recyclability of materials - Waste management: To ensure waste avoidance, and reuse and recycling during the construction and operation stages of development. • Preparation of a construction Waste Management Plan, where the construction waste is the most difficult type to deal with • Adoption of a demolition and construction material recycling target • Preparation of an operation Wast Management Plan. - Innovation To encourage innovative technology, design and processes in all development, so as to positively influence the sustainability of buildings. • Significant enhancements of best practice sustainable design standards • introduction of new technology • Good passive design approach - Case studies of Environmental Sustainability:

Fig.4.3 (DPR Construction Phoenix Regional Office, Source: Whole Building design guide)

According to (WBDG,2012), DPR Construction’s Phoenix Regional Office is a prime example of urban revitalization and integrated sustainability, and speaks volumes to the success that can be achieved when the entire team is integrated around owner driven goals. Acting as owner and contractor, DPR hand-selected the project team based on their sustainability expertise and track-record of collaboration; this included the architect, energy consultant, and numerous specialty subcontractors.The project demonstrates the value of deep energy retrofits and the positive benefits on urban revitalization. The project has successfully achieved LEED Platinum certification and Net-Zero Energy Building Certification.

Chapter IV

|Sustainability

ROSETTA| as a tourism destination

- Social Sustainability: According to UN Global Compact, the social sustainability is to identify and manage both the positive and negative impacts on humans. It is the process to create successful and extendable spaces that encourage wellbeing. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Social sustainability occurs when the formal and informal processes, systems, structures, and relationships actively support the capacity of current and future generations to create healthy and liveable communities.â&#x20AC;? (Western Australia Council of Social Services, 2006). Social sustainability evolves principles persistence:

Fig.4.4 (Social sustainability)

- Interactive activites - Events - Cultural influences

- Economic Sustainability: It is the capacity of an economy to help a characterized level of economic production infinitely. Economic sustainability happens when the population percentage of a certain country or a nation comes beneath the minimum standard level of living. As the countries that does not apply the economic sustainability have many people suffering from either physical or psychological problems. Economic sustainability evolves principles persistence:

Fig.4.5 (Economic sustainability)

- Craft making - Selling products - Stimulating the economic cycle

Chapter IV

|Sustainability

ROSETTA| as a tourism destination

Rating systems : -LEED: Stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. It is an American rating system for green buildings that is used worldwide. LEED assesses the building according to seven main categories, which are; site, water efficiency, energy & atmosphere, materials & resources, indoor environmental quality, innovation, and regional priority credits. The LEED certified buildings are divided into four categories; certified, silver, gold, and platinum, depending on how many credits achieved by each building.

Fig.4.6 (LEED)

-GPRS: It is an Egyptian rating system for green buildings that was published by Egypt Green Building Council. The GPRS stands for Green Pyramid Rating System, it measures the performance of a building through seven different main categories which are; site, water saving, energy efficiency & environment, materialsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; selection & construction system, indoor environmental quality, innovation & design process, and recycling of solid waste. The GPRS certified buildings are divided into three categories depending on the credits they have achieved, silver pyramid, gold pyramid, and green pyramid.

Fig.4.7 (GPRS)

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Case studies analysed

Local level: 1- Wadi el Gemal visitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s center, Marsa Alam, Egypt 2- Ramses Wissa Wassef Art Centre, Giza, Egypt 3- Tunis village, Fayoum, Egypt

Regional level: 1- Thread: Arttist Residency and cultural center, Sinthian, Senegal. 2- Ras el-Ard sea club , Ras el-Selmiya, Kuwait

International level: 1- Stavros Niarchos Fundation cultural center, Athens, Greece. 2- The Technological park,Obidos, Portugal

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Case studies | Egypt - Wadi el Gemal visitors’ center Architects: Egyptian Earth Construction Association. Location: Marsa Alam, Qesm Marsa Alam, Red Sea Governate, Egypt. Area: 250 m2. 2

Fig.5.1 (The site was officially declared in 2003 as the 24th protectorate in Egypt primarily due to its unique landscape and crucial cultural resources.) (Archdaily, 2011)

The extension from the Red Sea coast to about 50 km inland, this national park includes roughly 4,000 sq. km. of terrestrial habitat, and approximately 1,400 sq. km. of marine life, Roman remains, significant religious sites, quarries, and native communities. This combination of marine and natural habitats resembles an strong integrated ecosystem, including coral reefs, mangroves, desert valleys (Wadies) and their associated vegetation and periodic floods. The Visitors’ Center’s venue is at the national park’s northern entrance, established as a focal point, on the top of a hill, along the western side of the Suez/Bir Shalatein seashore highway.(Archdaily, 2011). - Function that is related to the proposed project: 1) Guiding the visitors through tours, brochures, maps and audio/visual presentations of the magnificent surrounding environment, in order to increase the visitors’ awareness of the nature of this place.

2) Become a landmark for visitors and travelers alike through pit shops and a welcoming reception which are always open providing refreshments and local crafts.

This is the same aim that was hypothysed that the Rosetta’s village was to deliver. Therefore, audio/ visual presentations spaces will be added to the program to ensure user’s interaction.

Rosetta’s villagr aims to be an icon as well as leaving foot prints among the city to pave its path. The importance of the plaza/ cafe for social activities and also the use of the local crafts ensures th image and identity of the place.

- Concept: Inspired by the acacia tree, the only tree type abundant in this hot arid desert climate. For the Ababda tribes, the acacia is considered the reference point in the open wide desert; offering the much needed landmark, shade for gathering, and a source of nutritious pods, branches for construction and firewood. Similarly, the Visitors’ Center was designed to offer the shade and shelter and a veue where multiFig.5.2 Reception and welcoming pit-stop, that is ple activities can take place. predominantly open. (Archdaily, 2011)

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Architectural analysis:

Fig.5.3 (plan of the visitors centre.) (Archdaily, 2011)

• There is a uniform structural grid. • Galleries overview the shaded plaza. • workshops lie apart from the public space.

Fig.5.4 (wall sections of the visitors centre.) (Archdaily, 2011)

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Sustainability analysis: The site is extremely remote. Although, its location offers it a unique character, it deprives the site from any construction material including fresh water which had to be imported to the site. The remoteness of the site from any utilities highlighted the necessity of designing the building to be sustainaable, but also was a major hardship during it construction with no access to electricity or running water. Local building materials and local labor (fig.6) to build it utilizing low technology building methods. (Archdaily,2011).

Fig.5.5 (aiding the Egyptian Environďż˝mental Affairs Agency in securing the sustainable use of the significant assets of the region.) (Archdaily, 2011)

Fig.5.6 (The use of local materials and local labor to build the project.) (Archdaily, 2011)

Fig.5.7 (Section showing the roofing of the project and how sustainability was achieved by ensuring good ventilation and orientation.) (Archdaily, 2011)

Making reference to the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;bershâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, an indigenous structure made from any available materials, the centre is constructed from local basalt stone with a double roof of sheet-metal above wooden slats to encourage air circulation. ( Aga Khan Trust for Culture).

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Ramses Wissa Wassef Art Centre Location: Harrania Village on the Mariotia Road, Giza , Egypt Architects: Ramses Wissa Wassef, Badie Habib Gorgy and Ikram Nosshi.

Fig.5.9 (Ramses Wissa Wassef picturesque) (Abdel Tawab, 2013)

Fig.5.8 (The location and its surrounding environment. 1. el-Ahram Street, 2. Mariotia Road, 3. Ring Road, 4. el-Mansoria Road, 5. Shabramant, 6. Zaghlul, 7. Abu an Numrus, 8. the Pyramids Plateau, 9. the Nile.) (Abdeltawab, 2013).

Significance of the building: The property accomodates several elements, that include a central family residence building, in front of this building, there are the workshops, some of which have been built at the beginning, while others were interventions according to the needs of the users. The site encloses a taperstry exhibition beside the workshop. Also, a museum was later built behind the residence building. the unique piece in the site is a sculpture museum designed by Ramses Wissa Wassef himself. The property also embraces a group of farm structures and a group of seven weavers’ houses. (Abdel Tawab, 2013).

This project could benefit the project in Rosetta as it has collected the local strength to enhance the social standards of the locals. However, the area is also rich in pharonic monuments that add value to the land. Meanwhile the analysis of this case study would empower the style, and uses of the building to be reflected in Rosetta.

Fig.5.10 “(The key elements in Ramses Wissa Wassef Art Centre. 1. entrance, 2. the central family residence, 3. the workshops, 4. the tapestry exhibition hall, 5. Ramses Wissa Wassef museum, 6. a group of farm structures, 7. Habib Gorgy sculpture museum, 8. the modern extension to the sculpture museum, 9. a group of family residences, 10. the weavers’ houses.)” (Abdeltawab,2013)

Fig.5.11 “(The plans of Habib Gorgy sculpture museum 1. entrance to guard’s dwelling, 2. entrance courtyard, 3. guard’s room, 4. W.C., 5. guard’s room, 6. entrance to the museum, 7. entrance courtyard, 8. entrance, 9. stairs, 10. office, 11. exhibition area, 12. open passageway, 13. courtyard, 14. the domed exhibition area, 15. the vaulted exhibition gallery.)”

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Design issues analysis

The analysis indicated that the property satisfied 11 values, which are as follows (Abdeltawab, 2013): - The identity value: The style of the building, as well as the traditional building techniques and chosen materials, contribute in the stimulation of the localâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s emotions towards their significant identity. - The historic value: The project establishes knowledge about the past; in relation to the evolution of the early generation of the Egyptian architects, and the historic architectural styles and building technology in Egypt

Fig.5.12 (The visually introduced urban develďż˝ opment through the existing surroundings of the art centre)

- The esthetic value: It was emphasised on visual qualities that are extracted from the harmony between architectural features, and landscape. - The artistic value: The property displays a variety of artwork that enjoy artistic qualities related only to this site.

Fig.5.13 (The sculpture works that reflect the heritage of the Egyptian identity)

- The architectural value: The property has an efficient function and it fits the surrounding climatic conditions. The property enjoys unique architectural qualities that is reflected in its design. Also, sustainability qualities that ensures efficient use of energy - The townscape and urban values: The style of the buldings is visually inspired from other surrounding buildings in the Village, the houses designed by Hassan Fathy. The setting of the project enjoys inward views and landmark qualities - The landscape and ecological values: The use of the various floral elements, palm trees and sculpture works. - The economic value: The property contributes in the economic development of the village by encouraging tourism. The tourism potentials being close to the Pyramids venue. - The educational value: The property provides sufficient educational opportunities for the youth working in the workshops. The property can provide a means for new generations to understand their culture through the architectural style of the project.

Fig.3.14 (The unsuccessful preservation works undertaken to the buildings in the art centre)

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Tunis village in Fayoum, Egypt. This case study was chosen because el Fayoum is has a common feature with Rosetta which is the local crafts and this projects shows how this feature was promoted. The village did not only encourage the local inhabitants but was targeting also people not living in the area of no certain age. Site: Located southwest of Qarun lake which is -17m below sea level. It is built on high sand ground, overlooking the lower farmland (-35 meter sealevel). Fig.5.15 (Tunis village, source: Design With Nature 2015)

Goals and Activities: - Reduce the number of immigrants to the city. - Train the farmers and make them aware of organic agriculture. - Startup an art community. - Visitors activities and accommodation like : An art centre and museum as well as an Eco lodge for staying. Use of local material: Limestone rocks, desert clay, sand, straw and starch of dade trees. All are found on site within a circle of 4 km around the village. (Fig.4.6). Fig.5.16 (Material used, source: Design With Nature 2015)

Style: Investigating the local needs and considering the local materials, vernacular Nubian earth architectural style was chosen with bearing walls roofed by domes and vaults to fit the context in Fayoum also introducing passive cooling techniques. Fig.5.17(Style of Tunis village)

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Green building approaches: 1-

Energy efficiency and Generation components. Use of renewable energy: (use of sunlight & wind energy) -Small PV system. -Solar water heater on the roofs. -Underfloor heating. -Biomass. -Windmills. Fig.5.18 (Solar panel)

Energy efficiency:

-Improve roof insulation to reduce the heat gain of the building. -Choose light colors of the external building surface. (Albedo effect). -Use of shading devices as aesthetic and functional elements. -Double walls and double glazed windows. 2-

Passive heating / cooling & Ventilation. -Domes. -Courtyard configuration. -Solar cooking.

Fig.5.19 (Ventilation opening)

Conclusion: The green building approaches and the primitiveness of the project both contributed in the success of this project. People come to Egypt seeking something they do not have, and there's nothing more attracting than revealing the true identity of a city and involving the users in the activity. Fortunately, Rosetta and elFayoum are so alike in the context, not only this but the two projects of the tunis village as well as the harbor plaza has the same activities of lodging tourists and also accommodating a local craft.

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

â&#x20AC;˘ Case studies | Regional - Thread: Artist Residency and Cultural Centre in Sinthian, Senegal. Location : Senegal. Area : Built Area:1048 m2 , Site area: 6232 m2 Year : 2013. Architect : Toshiko Mori. The Reason for choosing this case that the location of this site is similar to the location of Rosetta,as well as it has a significant local impact. It could be used as a study as Rosetta has a similar cultural and climatic identity.

Fig.5.20 (Aga Khan Foundation, 2016)

The communal space highlights the importaance of meeting and local performances in the village. However, the importance of the space was designed to withstand harsh weather conditions by covering.(archdaily, 2015). Fig.5.21 (Aga Khan Foundation, 2016)

Open Space between studios

Fig.5.22 (Plan of Aga Khan Foundation, 2016)

- Project Goals As a socio-cultural center that is most pronounced in its function as an agricultural hub for Sinthian and the surrounding villages. We provide training, fertile land, and a meeting place for the local and regional community to increase their economic stability.

The sloped roof designed to allow water to run off the buildings

Fig.5.23 (Elevation Artist Residency center, source: thread-senegal.org)

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

The roof and basin system is capable of providing for a wealth of new agricultural opportunities in the immediate environs. In addition to the obvious benefits of increased accessibility to water, the system reduces risks of contamination compared to current customs of rain collection and wells.

Fig.5.24 (Section Artist Residency center, source: thread-senegal. org)

Fig.5.25 (Section Artist Residency center, source: thread-senegal.org)

Conclusion : This project has targeted sustainability at a social and environmental level. This approach has and will simplify efforts to maintain the compound. As It also provides the community with a further sense of ownership, as opposed to Thread being viewed as a foreign construction. It is Inspired by Senegalese building typologies and in an effort to save resources, local materials and the skills of local laborers were utilized during the construction of Thread. Relying exclusively on local materials and construction techniques, the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s traditional structure is formed mainly of large bamboo members found locally and compressed earth blocks made on site. In the design, a parametric transformation of the traditional pitched roof is achieved through a process of inversion, inscribing a series of shaded courtyards. (source: The plan).

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Ras el-Ard sea club , Ras el-Selmiya - Kuwait

Location : Ras el selmiya, Kuwait Area : Site area: 19,025 m2 Year : 1976 Architect : Arthur Erickson Fig.5.26 (The marina axonometry)

The project was chosen to analyse how an architectural project took in to consideration the natural flushing of the harbour entrance. Also, the construction materials used to resist fllood and wind damage. However, this project had many sustainable approaches. Architectural analysis The design solutions covered the balance between design and functionality, and created spatial awareness and aesthectic aspects. The visual preception of the visitors through the creation of the main spine in the project and the creation of different nodes, have promoted both, theory of continuity and integration. This has achieved a philosophical thoughts and fine balance between values sensory, aesthetic & symbolism (Hamed,2016)

Fig.5.27 (Plan analysis, showing the Marina and the visitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s circulation route)

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Master Plan:

Fig.5.28 (Spatial zoning for the site plan (Hamed,2016).)

Sustainability aspects:

Projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s image:

Fig.5.29 (Sustainability and smart features applied to the project (Hamed,2016).)

Fig.4.30 (building elevation analysis (Hamed,2016).)

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Case studies | International -

Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens Since Athens lies on the Mediterranean like Rosetta as well s the project aims to connect the sea, and the city. However, the component might not to be the same, but the approach is inspirational. Architect: Renzo Piano. Location: Athens, Greece. Area:

170,000 sq.m.

This project is located in a neighborhood called Kallithea in Athens. The site of this project was used as a parking for the Olympics games in 2004, and then got abandoned, until this foundation decided to make use of the land, in order to satisfy the needs of the people, and re-in force the connection of the region with the sea.

Fig.5.31 (Starvos Niarchos Center)

The concept of this design: is based on the connection between the city and the sea, by creating an artificial hill, in order to enhance this relativity in order to provide a view to the sea from the site.

Fig.5.32 (Concept of Starvos Niarchos Center)

The project consists of a Library, an Opera house, and a huge landscape park. Components:

Plan:

• Library • Opera house • Park

Fig.5.33 (Starvos Niarchos Center plan)

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Section:

Fig.5.34 (Starvos Niarchos Center section A-A)

Environmental aspects: -The canopy - photo-voltaic array

Fig.5.35 (Starvos Niarchos Center section B-B)

Conclusion: There are two aspects beneficial in this project, the angora and the environmental aspects. First, the angora is taken from the old Greek temples which separate two important functional spaces, it also creates an outdoor public spaces. Moreover, the building respects the environment with it is climate. The canopy provides shade and reduces the light radiation. The use of photo-voltaic array generates electricity for the building using solar energy. This building ensures the heritage transfer to the future.

Fig.5.36 (Cultural influence, Greek Agora)

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- The Technological Park, Portugal “A main piazza for a technological park in the central area of the country�� side. This program venue was the reason to arise some design restrains. The challenge was to establish a piazza in the middle of this particular and still beautiful countryside?“(Archdaily,2015) . This particuar challenge is the same case in the Rosetta’s village. How the architect overcame this issue is the reason behind choosing this case study. Location: Óbidos Municipality, Portugal Project: Year 2014 Architect: Jorge Mealha Background: Lisbon-based Jorge Mealha Arquitecto won the city-sponsored international competition to design the project in 2010. Completed in July 2014, the 44,089-square-foot complex comprises three structures: two single-story buildings topped with a square centerpiece, which principal Jorge Mealha describes as “a thin building levitating over the ground.” (AIA, 2016).

“A piazza normally results as a point of balance between the forces within the city.” Absent those forces, Mealha used differing forms to create that citylike intersection of mixed uses and building types. And as both an active space and a landmark, the building is a new center for the region. (The journal of the American insititute of architects, 2016).

Design Strategy: “The design strategy disguises the ground floor so you don’t see it as a building” Mealha says. “So you don’t have the difficulty of reading two buildings with two different principles working together.” (The journal of the American insititute of architects, 2016). The solution was alternating the ongoing pavement process in this territory, trough a solution that tries to reverse this logic, increasing as much as possible of the green surface. Apart from designing the building, the adopted strategy tries to rennovate a place where landscape is dominant.(Archdaily,2015). How to design a piazza without an urban fabric? The design team analysed the types of public spaces often found in small portuguese villages. ‘terreiros’, as they are known, are large flexible expanses that often occur despite no formal delineation. Large free spaces- Formless borders.

Fig.5.37 (A four-sided frame is elevated above the Portuguese landscape, photo by: joão morgado)

Fig.5.38(In order to support the building’s weight, a set of huge metal trusses create four interconnected volumes, photo by joão morgado)

Chapter V

|Case Studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Since the inspiration is not from an urban fabricas it’s not there, the spaces are very flexible and quite strong in providing opportunities to encounter and promote activities. The project aims to develop a large public space with similar characteristics as a piazza, but much more flexible towards the relationship with the landscape or the geometry.(Archdaily2015).

Fig.5.40 (clearly defined circulation routes traverse the plan, photo by joão morgado.)

Fig.5.39 (flexible spaces that throughout the year small communities in the region organise traditional corteges, informal open air markets, religious processions, music concerts and traditional activities or games.)

Fig.5.41 (The square volume includes above 60 offices, averaging 215 square feet, which are accessed through a glass-lined hallway along the building’s inside perimeter. )(The journal of the American insititute of architects,2016).

Fig.5.42 (The first-floor includes a house shops, a restau�rant, a multipurpose room, and a fabrication lab for the tech companies incubating in the above floor.) (The journal of the American insititute of architects, 2016).

Mealha used two differing forms to create that citylike intersection of different uses and types. However, the form succeeds in creating an active space and a landmark, where the building becomes a new center for the region. 81

Chapter VI

|Design Requirments

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Rosetta’s Village: This project aims to encourage domestic and international tourists, to explore the city's culture and history through the interaction with the locals and sightseeing tours. Apart from the touristic seasons, the project can provide facilities to be used by the locals to improve their lives. • Aim: The plaza will attempt to integrate the socio-cultural aspects of Rosetta's society with special demand of the project harmonizing both with the site and context. • Output: - Positive impact on tourism Entrepreneurs - Employment generation for local people - Positive increment in the local and national economy - Exposure of the site to the national level

CITY

CULTURAL VILLAGE

CULTURE

RIVERFRONT

-EXPANSION -IDENTITY

-MISSING LINKS -REVIVAL OF HERITAGE

-SENSITIVE ARCHITECTURE -RECLAIMATION

Fig.6.1 (Classification of program)

The challenge is to create an interactive architectural icon that responds to a unique site and urban context harmonising Rosetta with the modern demand of villagers 83

Chapter VI

|Design Requirments

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

DISTRIBUTION OF USES PROPERTY USES

AREA (sq. m)

Mixed-use Areas

3,720

Tertiary Cultural River Side Activities

1,860 5,580 4,464

10 30 40

Total Built-up Area

7,440

Total Outdoor Area

11,160

Total Land Area

18,600

100

Tabel.6.1 ( Distribution of uses)

- Program COMPATIBLE AND EXCLUSIVE USES

• • • • • • •

• • • •

MIXED-USE

TERTIARY

CULTURAL

ACTIVITIES

COMPATIBLE USES

Administration Chair Person’s Room General Manager Deputy Manager HR Administrative Staff Toilets Storage

• • • • • • • • •

Accommodation User Units Laundry Staff Kitchen Staff Dining Nurse Room Prayer Room Ablution Space Luggage Room Security Room

• • • • •

Touristic Centre Lobby Exhibition Control Office Toilets Souvenir’s Shop

Multifunctional Hall Reception Café & Lounge M.P.U Toilets

Recreational Marina • Amphitheatre • Decking • Exercise Facilities • Walkways • Space of Vendors • Vehicular • Dock Master Office • Water Taxi • Boat Slips • • • • •

Landscape Seating Areas Walkways and paths Lawn Groundcovers Plants Parking

Tabel.6.2 ( Uses)

Chapter VI

|Design Requirments

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Accommodation Based on our survey for visitors, the majority preferred primitive accommodation. Since our target is occupying 15 units, that will accommodate 20-30 overnight staying users at a time, two of the units should be accessible as shown on the ODAAG table list. Different type of accommodation offer varying standards of quality and facilities:

Hotels

Hostels

Fig.6.2 (Survey of preferable accommodation)

Motels

Camping

â&#x20AC;˘ Hotels The Hotel, some time ago a business offering accommodation and catering, frequently with exclusive flair. There are hotels in different costs and different classes, which are arranged by classifications. A scheme of basic rooms and route connections inside the hotel. The essential areas are: Hotel lobby and reception as central, Catering area, staff area, guest room area, services area.

Fig.6.3 (Basic forms of hotels)

Chapter VI

|Design Requirments

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

The quality of the hotel rooms basic measure for the assessment of the hotel by the visitor. Generally, the pattern has been to institutionalize and schematic floor designs and plans.(Fig. 5.4).

Fig.6.4 (Hotel rooms showing features and main dimension)

â&#x20AC;˘ Youth hostel It have to offer reasonably priced accommodation for young people and, youth group. - Bedrooms. In hostels concests of 4-6 rooms - Bed spaces 3.1 m2 dormitory floor area per person. 1 WC per 10 bed spaces. 1 hand basin per 6 bed spaces. 1 bath/shower per 20 bed spaces. Fig.6.5 (Bedding in youth hostels) - Dormitories. Hostels must have separate dormitories for both gender men and women.

â&#x20AC;˘ Motels It offer reasonably priced accommodations for traveler, most of the guests stay only one night. - Rooms sizes 4 x 4 m - 5 x 5 m, with bathroom sometimes kitchenette. - Community rooms for guests, with desks and reading tables, but should be away from the guests rooms so as not to disturb sleepers.

Fig.6.6 (Room units)

Fig.6.7 (Room unites with cover parking space)

Chapter VI

|Design Requirments

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Camping It offers the cheapest legal accommodation in tents, caravans or motor-homes. The area provided for each caravans or motorhome shouldn’t be less than 75 m2 . - Facilities: Sanitary facilities: - Toilet blocks. • 1 block per 100 units : 6 WC/1 basin (Women), 4 WC/1 basin/2 urinals (men). - Washing facilities. • 100 units : 3 shower/5 basin(men and women).

Fig.6.8 (Tint)

Fig.6.9 (Large house tint)

Fig.6.10 (Caravan)

Fig.6.11 (Motorhome)

- Marina The significant location of the site creates a significant marina amenity. It is a port for international visitors coming from the Mediterranean and transit for the river tours. The ferry tours are already one of the unique activities in town. However, if it is promoted as a touristic activity, it will increase the revenue for the project and later for the government. Eventually, the exposure of the marina will be one of Rosetta’s landmarks.

Chapter VI

|Design Requirments

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Marina Components 1. Main Entrance 2. Walkway 3. Fingers 4. Mooring points 5. Storages 6. Restrooms 7. Waiting areas 8. Boat dry storages

9. Commercial offices 10. Marina administration offices 11. Navigation 12. Oil spill space 13. Security office 14. Life buoys

- Standards

Sail boat

Power boat

House boat

Fig.6.12 (Boats standards)

Fig.6.13 (Quays)

Fig.6.15 (jetty)

Fig.6.14 (Quays and jetty)

Fig.6.16 (Y-shape jetty)

- Size of berths It depends on the boatsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; sizes. Different berths should be sorted according to size.

Fig.6.17 (Mediterranean type)

Fig.6 .18 (Finger piers type)

Chapter VI

|Design Requirments

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Recreational spaces The plaza is a flexible open space that accommodates to the occasional needs of the users. Because of the variety of the events that are going to be held, the amphitheater would hold a concert, carnival or even a food market, in addition, the spaces would be partially public & semi-public with usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; preferences according to the event.

â&#x20AC;˘ Theater A building or outdoor space where performances are held. - Function: The theater has almost infinite number of functions. One of the commonest functions, are musical plays. - Components: 1. Orchestra Pit 2. Auditorium 3. Vomitorium 4. Control booth 5. Lobby 6. Box office 7. Marquee - Row to row spacing: 1. Maximum number of seats in a row are 22 if there are gangways in both ends of the row, and 11 if there is only one gangway at one end. 2. The minimum clearway for people to pass along the row is 300mm and the maximum is 500mm 3. The minimum row to row dimension is 850mm.

Fig.6.19 (Spacing between chairs)

Chapter VI

|Design Requirments

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

-Seating Geometry and audience sight lines:

Straight and angled rows on flat or sloping flat

Straight and angled rows on flat or sloping flat with curves at change of angle

Separated stepped block focused on stage

Straight stepped rows and separated angled side blocks

Curved rows on flat or sloped floor

Straight rows on flat or sloping roof

-Visual Limitation:

Fig.6.20 (seating geometry)

1. For drama performances, the maximum distance should be 20m measured from the setting line in the center of an open stage. 2. For opera and musicals, the distance can be 30 m. 3. For dancing performances, it is preferable that the audience tay 20m away from stage. 4. During conferences, the facial expressions of speakers and lecturers are not regarded essentially, therefore; large spaces where a minimum dimension of 20m is crucial.

Fig.5.21 (Open stage layout)

5. For media displayed on a projector, technology is determined accordingly.

Fig.6.22 (Horizontal vision)

Chapter VI

|Design Requirments

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Wheelchair Location. - It required a minimum of six places for wheelchair users, a 1/100 of audience capacity, whichever is the greater. -Their location as discrete areas can be at the rear, front, side or within the seating. -Wheelchairs can be centrally positioned by forming a bay off a cross-gangway.

- Tourist’s information center • Local craft exhibition As mentioned before that the local inhabitant lack spaces to exhibit and market their products, the project aims to promote these local crafts. Souvenirs like jewelry and the traditional costumes attract many shoppers.

• Gallery A room or building for the display or sale of works of art. - Function: The main function of art galleries is to promote fine arts. Various arts are considered as drawings, photos, figurines, hands loom or installation art. - Components: 1. Exhibit area 2. Lobby 3. Information sales 4. Workrooms 5. Store - Gallery type:

Fig.6.23 (Spaces of display cabinet)

1- Art Galleries: Collection of works of fine arts. 2- Cultural History museum: collection of devices, weapons, clothing and written documents. 3- Ethnology museum: works for the cultural heritage of traditional people and lost cultures. 4- science museum: Collection of educational and display material connected with scientific and technical themes. 91

Chapter VI

|Design Requirments

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

- Lighting studies: There should not be direct sun light, therefore display rooms should be provided by flexible lighting system.

Fig.6.24 (Different daylight source)

- Display room: The layout of display rooms is the relationship between the collection and the way of displayed.

Fig.6.25 (Display rooms)

Chapter VII

|Individual Task

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

â&#x20AC;˘ Mission To provide the tourism sector in Rosetta as a key engine of growth and the enhancement of the visibility of the city as a top class touristic destination. Thus, increasing the income, and create job opportunities of citizens, and residents in the region. By providing a suitable place for tourists provide an experience, by creation of feeling among the user in relation with the surrounding environment indoor the buildings, and outdoor.

â&#x20AC;˘ Objective

Main goal: To achieve the idea of experience and create the appropriate spaces for both the visitor and the work and the resident. Form and image goal: Create a mass feel comfortable and always remember the user and be a landmark of his city Rosetta.

Function goal: To lead the mass to achieve its objectives through the correct guidance of the cluster and the appropriate solutions for tourists and workers

Economical goal: Increase the income of the citizen by creating places to display their products to tourists and that there is a return on them and also to have a sustainabilty building to reduce consumption

Chapter VII

|Individual Task

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Zoning The concept of zoning is based of project to creat a central plaza forming a main axis Project components will seround this plaza and outdoor areas as substractions inbetween. Relationship between zones and outdoor spaces will be done with respect to the orientation, site contains and functional requirment. • Accomodation

• Touristic info.

Fig.7.1.1 (Zoning concept)

• Multi Hall • Parking

• Shops & Resturant

• Marina

• Marina & Corniche • Plaza

Fig.7.1.2 (3d zoning concept)

Zoning may not using in all the Proposed concept but it refer to be as a guidline.

Fig.7.1.3 (Zoning in plan)

Chapter VII

|Concept I

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Concept I • Experience Experience is one of the important thing for the tourist and the occupant who using the building. Experience based on space creation and Movement the design to keep the movement, discovery, and the senses of human. The entire architecture is consequentPhysical ly experimental while moving through the space that is organized senses. Spaces end up noticeably alive and the individual has the "feeling of their presence". The aim of the concept also based in the main on the phenomenology of the architecture building that lead to having experience (positive or negative), and how it affect on the human and his perception about the whole environment around him. Which the relation and interaction between the user of the building and the objective that creating the quality of space. - Space creation

Fig.7.1.6 (Space design for creating experience)

By analyze the the historical building in Rosetta that creat the historical experince throw many eras, the buildings have different architecture that reflect on the concept by making the space creation.

Scale, Light, Shadow

Experience

Senses

Discovery Emotional

Engaging

Mentation Fig.7.1.4 (Experience diagram)

Enclosed Harmony

Temperature

Dark Entrance

Curiosity

Open

Sound Light

Scale

Fig.7.1.5 (Space creation diagram)

The experience of visitor inside the building can understood the movement of the building is full of surprises in the space will be design to create a curiosity in visitor to explore further. according to Pandya (2005), “The visual perception at the human eye-level while moving through the space provides the only accurate reality of spatial experience.”

Fig.7.1.10 (Moving through different spaces, Qaytbay Citadel)

Fig.7.1.7 (Using the Mashrabya as source of light and ventilation, Rosetta museum)

Fig.7.1.8 (Use of openings, Qaitbay citadel)

Fig.7.1.9 (Moving through spaces)

Fig.7.1.11 (Relationship between spaces)

Technological studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Technological Interaction The interaction of the human senses with the surrounding environment needs some elements, and technology is one of this elements. User interaction with the technology in the building is one of the most important causes of experience inside and outside the building. - Floor LED interaction. - Facade/wall LED interaction

Fig.7.1.13 (Wall Led facade)

Fig.7.1.15 (Art lens, source: clevelandart museum)

Fig.7.1.12 (Floor Led, The Art of Scent, Museum of Art and Design, New York City)

Fig.7.1.14 (Interactive floor)

“The Art Lens Wall facilitates discovery and dialogue with other visitors and can serve as an orientation experience, allowing visitors to have an online overview existing tours or create their own tours to take out into the galleries on their iOS or Android device. The ArtLens Wall enables visitors to connect with objects through a collection of playful and original themes, making their visit a more powerful personal experience. Its updated every 40 seconds to ensure interesting—grouping artworks by theme and type, such as time period or materials and techniques, as well as by 32 curated views of the collection.”

Chapter VII

|Concept II

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Concept II • Extinding axis from the central Central area in Rosetta has known by the name of El-horaya square, and the main area in Rosetta too. Most of the historical monements, government services and schools exist around the square. The concept has inspired from axises of central area of Rosetta, the circle shaped plaza acts as the centre of the whole project, lines are dragged from the spaces of the project. This does not mean the buildings should be radial.

Horya Square

Fig.7.1.16 (Rosetta’s city center map)

Urabn Pattern

Plaza

Axis

Roads & intersections

Historical building

Fig.7.1.18 (Concept) Buildings & plaza serounding

After study the urban analysis that sow the urban pattern of rashid and the intersection of the road that when this elements get together creat the value of rashid by having a marina (city center) the origin of all modern and historical buildings around which can be relected into the project the center and the road as paths lead to the project components.

School City center Rashid Museum Rashid hotel Fig.7.1.17 (Rosetta Urban pattern analysis)

Fig.7.1.19 (Concept)

Technological studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

While analyze the urban pattern, conclude that buildings extinding towords the agricultural lands that destroy the green areas and disturbance of the ecosystem, sustainabilty in Rosetta. - Irrigation system technology

Fig.7.1.20 (Urban extension is towards the agriculture land)

To encourage the importance of green areas there must be awareness and building based on the provision of green areas and in a way that helps to reduce water, which achieve the full sustainability of plants, landscape and the project. Fig.7.1.21 (Irrigation system, source : greenscapeirrigation)

- Irrigation controller in order to save water that need to use technology in irrigation by organizingthe irrigation timing water that plant need.

Fig.7.1.22 (Irrigation system controller, source :Hunter inc.)

- Iriigation solar sync the solar weather sensor that calculates evapotranspiration (ET) and adjusts controllers daily based on local weather conditions. also there are sensors that calculate the wind and direction. so it can manage the time of irrigation and amount of water. Fig.7.1.23 (Irrigation system solar sync, source :Hunter inc.)

100

Chapter VII

|Concept III

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

â&#x20AC;˘ Concept III â&#x20AC;˘ Visualization Different configurations of the forms of display architecture to design five different motion and viewing angle, depend on giving a different perspective and exploring new conditions for our perceptions toward landscape, water and architecture perception.

Fig.7.1.24 (Forms)

- Movements The structure is consistent of types of different movement it is on various places that offer many visual perspective for the occupant indoor and outdoor the building which make the experience that expected from the visitor. The movement of the occupant a long the building changing the frame (point) of view and also makes eye perception more clear. I

III

Fig.7.1.25 (Different types of movement)

- Walkway as the marinas' walkway is part of the project and the space program the structure of different movement can be also applied, the types of movement which (I , II , III ). ( I ) is the structure on side of the sea and Nile, ( II ) the structure is always horizontal for walkway, ( III ) the structure in the side of street and buildings, it specified for stairs or can have a movement to be a seat.

Fig.7.1.26 (Different type of movement)

Fig.7.1.27 (different perspective)

101

Technological studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Louvers sun tracking Solar shading louver systems enable buildings to react towards any alterations in the weather and sun's position, optimizing the flow of thermal and light energy through the envcelope. This will help to reduce the heat load and will enhance the use of natural daylight, helping to reduce the operating costs of the building. Fig.7.1.28 (Louver sun tracking)

Fig.7.1.29 (Louver sun tracking)

Louvers can be applied horizontal or vertical according to the design. Sun tracking, working by different system: 1- sensors or soltronic sun tracking system automatic move perpendicular to projected sun’s rays. This used when sunlight needs to be prevented from entering the space. 2- Daylight optimization, where a balance is struck between reducing heat energy and enhancing light energy.

Fig.7.1.30 (Louvers tracking the sun’s movement)

102

Chapter VII

|Individual Task

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Project statement Roseta is full of historical monuments, yet people outside Roseta are not quiet aware of it. The aim of this project is attempting to combat the decrease in the amount of tourists visiting Rosetta, whether they were international tourists, or domestic tourists. The project intends to become a modern landmark, using the strategic location of Rosetta, in order to restore Rosettaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lost place in the intenational toursitic plan.

Mission Create an exampulary project that works as a landmark attracting international and domestic tourists, as well as promoting the local crafts, whether by using them in construction or in the shops and workshops. The project will provide a lot of job oppurtunities for the locals in Rosetta, which will help enhance their social status. Objective - Restore Rosettaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s identity and place in the touristic plan - Promote tourism to Rosetta - Promote traditional crafts - Enhance the social status of the locals

104

Chapter VII

|Concept I

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Concept 1 Roots of palm tree

Fig.7.2.1 represents inspiration

The concept is ispired from the roots of the palm tree as it is the heart of the palm tree that is able to fix it in place, as well as provide it food and water through the soil. The reason behind choosing the palm tree as an inspiration is that Rosetta is famous for having over million palm trees. The roots resemble the main axis in the project, going on levels from higher to lower, to resemble the downward motion of the root to get the water.

Fig.7.2.3 represents set of roots seperated from each other Fig.7.2.2 represents the roots of the palm tree as they spread through the soil

Administration Accomodation

Multi-Function Hall

Touristic center

Fig.7.2.4 represents an attempt to create a route on different levels

Marina

Fig.7.2.5 represents a route tha divides the land on different levels, creating a void suitable for different functions in the project, making the circulation the main attraction that connects the whole project together, in order to provide a unique journey

the figurative sketches represent the development of the concept (developed by author)

105

Chapter VII

|Concept II

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Concept 2 The Quartz

Fig.7.2.6 represents inspiration

Quartz is one of the precios stones that is popular in Egypt, and was used in jewelry manufacturing in various eras in the past. It is a light and bright stone, with many chambers, windows, and air pockets. These help make the stone shine when exposed to light due to the immense reflection of light.

The quartz was once very popular in Egypt, especially through the pharaonic and the ptolemeic era, as jewelry worn by the royalties, or gifts to the very special citizens and guests. It remains till today of Historical Background existence in Egypt, and used in tradings and decorations, as well as some jewelry, yet it still has not restored its original status as an importnat dominant precious stone, just like Rosetta, the precious city that has lost its place.

Fig.7.2.7 represents the outer shell inspired from the quartz

Fig.7.2.8 shows how some areas may not be facing the light

Fig.7.2.9 shows the splitting of the building to create a courtyard to allow maximum ventillation and illumination to the building, also the inspired outer surface of quartz is used only in the courtyard to give maximum lighting as well as the sense of the emerged from the ground

the figurative sketches represent the development of the concept (developed by author)

106

Chapter VII

|Concept III

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Concept 3 The eye of Horus (The all seeing eye)

Fig.7.2.10 represents inspiration

The concept of this project is inspired from the eye of Horus. It resembles protection and restoration of good health which is similar to what Rosetta resemebled throughout history.

Each part of the Eye represents the six senses, which can be implemented in the project, by converting it to form a building or set of buildings with a central plaza, where each of the senses can be applied using different materials, in order to provide texture and aroma, from the sea, Nile, food and crafts. The aim is to be able to give the user a unique experience that allows him to see the whole view of Rosetta, the Nile and the sea, from anywhere in the project. Fig.7.2.11 Conceptual illustration of the 6 senses (developed by author)

Fig.7.2.13 shows how the user should be able to see everything in his surrounding from every level in the project

Fig.7.2.14 shows an attempt of a circular building that goes on different levels, allowing the user to see the inside and the outside

Fig.7.2.12 shows a sketch of building on slope

Fig.7.2.15 represents the circular building yet broken into set of buildings, with a central plaza for various activities, to be able to provide set of main axis routes, going on different levels, allowing the user to see everything surrounding him, whether from the buildings or simply walking in the project

the figurative sketches represent the development of the concept (developed by author)

107

Technological studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Technological Studies Textured wooden facade Inspired from the extension that has been added to Serlachius Museum GĂśsta, vertical textured wooden facade gives the sense of longitivity as it resembles the surrounding trees, this can easily be applied in Rosetta, the city of million palms. Textured wooden facade would emphasie the thing Rosetta is most famous for, as well as giving a natural way of using and resembling the palm trees in the project. It can be adjusted to provide suitable shading.

Fig.7.2.16

represent inspiration

Solar controled film windows The solar heat controled window film help eliminate the amount of solar heat penetration, and reducing the amount of ultra violet (UV) rays entering the building as well as reducing the glare, which leads to a reduction in the heat gain, leading to reduction in the amount of energy used on air conditions as well as heaters. This solar controled film is adjustable to weather, as it prevents all harmful rays and heat during the summer, while allows the penetration of heat during winter, also improving glass insulation, leading to a noticable reduction in room tempretare making it cost efficient and improving the comfort level of the user.

Fig.7.2.18 represents actual image of solar controled film window

Fig.7.2.19 conceptual representation how solar controlled film works

Solar powered street lamps Solar powered street lamps are a way of reducing electric energy consumption while providing an adequate amount of light during the night. They are cost efficient as the lamps used in it are LED lamps, which are known for being environmentally friendly in matters of saving energy, as well as providing quality lighting. The solar powered street lamp consists of 3 components: 1) LED lamp 2) PV module (solar panel) 3) Battery Implementing these street lamps in the project would give the users in general, and the people in Rosetta in specific, an example of environmentaly and cost friendly installment.

STARPATH

Fig.7.2.17 (represents solar powered lamps)

The STARPATH is a pavement material that absorbs light during the day, then lights up during the night, giving a spectactular dazzling view to the ground. It is developed by a company called ProTeq, which is UK based, in order to provide illumination during the night using the least amount of energy required. The STARPATH is also a non-slip and water resistant substance, which makes it suitable for coastal areas.

Fig.7.2.20 represents the STARPATH in Christâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pieces Park in Cambridge Touted.

108

Chapter VII

|Individual Task

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

â&#x20AC;&#x153;People + Collaboration + Innovation = Extraordinary environments.â&#x20AC;? MHTN architects

Mission

To create an architectural icon along the River Nile,that will become a popular destination for the local and everyone who visits the city. Since heritage integrates between the past and the present, architecture therefore ensures its continuity into the future. Rosettaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s significance was clearly highlighted among the history of egypt, and fortunately, the local inhabitant still have an embeded revival potential within them, that is shown in the way they speak about the city. Seeking to help the Egyptian global integrity, this project will resemble a tourism approach that will contribute in healing and reshaping the city as a sustainable established hub. This process will identify the trends in the city and elaborate profitability. The main aim is to set an orientation guide for tourism projects development as the success of a tourism projects will enhace more innovation and design.

Rosetta Riverfront activation

Enhance the port-city bond Heritage awareness Objectives

Promote local crafts River recreational experience

A corporate identity - Sensual perception - Impressive/ easily remembered design - Motivation for regional cultural performances - Sustainable Architecture shapes the city & the city shapes the architecture.. Raise generation with willingness to invest their ideas, approach them with openness and strive for conflict resolution.

110

Chapter VII

|Individual Task

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

INSPIRATIONS

Fig.7.3.1: lodging inspiration “A poetic shelter, a “folie”, that merges low-tech and hi-tech. “ The ﬂake house (OLGGA Architects)

The function of the lodge which is all focused a certain view. Here inlow-tech Rosetta, “A poeticon shelter, a “folie”, that merges andfocus hi-tech. “ The ﬂake house Architects) the would be on the(OLGGA Nile which adds value to the room.

Fig.7.3.2: Project’s mood inspiration A frame is a great screen reﬂecting the faces of people entering the site with hologram live projectors, as Andy Warhol mentioned: “In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes.”

People in Rosetta need to regain their confidence A frame is a great screen reﬂecting the faces of people entering and identity. Not only the factasthat holograms are the site with hologram live projectors, Andy Warhol mentioned: “In the future,but everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes.” attractive also having the visitors› faces at the entrance would boost their self-esteem

Hand made wooden crates made from the palm trunks by the inhabitants of Rosetta. (photo :author) Fig.7.3.4: craft to envelope inspiration Hand made wooden crates made from the palm trunks by the inhabitants of Rosetta. (photo :author) National Museum of African American History and Culture. Washington, DC Fig.7.3.3: Envelope inspiration National Museum of African American History and Culture. Washington, DC

Fig.7.3.5: A two-level, continuous promenade built just above the water level to serve only pedestrians and cyclists and to provide access to the water. The Sabarmati Riverfront, Ahmedabad.

The building envelope used in Fig.3 has an envromental role in lighting the place. The same purpose is to be merged with Fig.4 as a suitable material to fit the context of Rosetta

Fig.7.3.6: Figure 6: The movement of the waves pushes air through the pipes, and makes them whistle. Sea Organs, Zadar / Croatia.

111

Chapter VII

|Individual Task

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH Sustainable tourism definition: According to Aref, Hussien and Awees, 2015,” It is the convergence between the visitors› needs and the host region, which leads to protect and support the future development opportunities, so that all sources managed in a manner provide economic, social and spiritual needs, but at the same time it maintains the culture, the necessary environmental pattern, the biodiversity and all life necessities.” Community participation: People find their problems, have authority and be the solution. The benefited society with the sustainable approaches will encourage the empowerment of the community people. Local Crafts promoted + income =better livings standards

Creating an exemplar of rural building: When people acknowledge that the wooden trunks of palm trees could be use in creating sophisticated architectural shelters that would replace the convenient building method that results in pollution.

Community participation + Exempular Architectue + Green Building approach

Green building Approaches - Considering orientation - Maxisimising natural lighting and ventilation - Appropriate building techniques - Energy Efficiency - Domestic food production

Fig.7.3.7: This provides a visual link with the scen�ery while it has a territory function of separating areas. Also re-uses grey water, and reassures islamic features.

Fig.7.3.8: TScreens to control the amount of light as well as building the envelope integrity using the Islamic screen patterns.

112

Chapter VII

|Individual Task

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

ZONING

Fig.7.3.9: Functional relationships diagram

Marina

Tourist info. centre Marina services

Plaza

Open theatre

Community services and gallery

Fig.7.3.10: Functional zoning diagram

113

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Concept I

One intervention can be the catalyst that triggers more development. The seed is the very first input in a desert land that will use the existing context to grow and eventually blossom into a flower. This is referred to the Riverfront that would boost the success of any project in the area. Rosetta’s village resembles the roots of the cultural revival that will grow, generate and achieve wholeness.

Seeding the city Philosophy

Design strategy

Technological issues

Philosophy: Aspring to bring new vibes to the north of Rosetta, the village add a new member to the series of local landmarks (fig.8). It is not only going to serve the community as an icon, but as a symbol for environmental and heritage awareness. “The seed” will travel along the river Nile offering a wide spread of technology and awareness.

Fig.7.3.11: a strive to add a new landmark to a unique location that will serve the community

Design strategy:

SEED = Socal - Economic - Environmental - Design

114

Chapter VII

|Concept I

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Expected project location

Existing Marina Fig.7.3.12 : The city of Rosetta. (source: Google Maps)

Inspiration: The positive impact of the existing marina creating an addition in its environmental and heritage awareness program.

The seed is the marina, the focal point where people meet visually or physically.

Fig.7.3.13 : The density of people. The existing Marina explains that it acts as a focal point, where all the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s services surround. (source: Google Maps)

Projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s base

Effect of social interventions

Form Generation

115

Technological studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Technological issues: The aim is to design a GPRS certified building that activtes a rating systems that’s not in use despite its significance at an important entrance to the country (Egypt). Promoting the village as a responsible, environmentally friendly entity, setting it as an exampular icon for sustainability. Operable louvers Louvers that have the ability to change among the day hours due to the amount of sunlight needed. The assures an ever-changing-facade also, it creates a clear view for the community.

The use of photovoltaics integrating photovoltaics with the use of recylcled water material guarantees the bond between architecture and nature.

Shadovoltaic are either fixed or moveable external solar shading systems that combine glass louvers with photovoltaic cells. They are integrated into the glass to generate electricity at the same time as provide shading. The louvers can be installed horizontally or vertically on the building’s façade

Fig.7.3.14 :

Solar Shading Louver Systems; shadovoltaic. (Colt products, intellegent envelopes)

Fig.7.3.15 :

Fig.7.3.16 :

Assemly of the operzable facade (Colt products, intellegent envelopes)

ONE RIVER TERRACE Battery Park, NY Polshek Partnership and Ismael Leyva Architects Operable Shadovoltaics and Shadowmetal

116

Chapter VII

|Concept II

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

CONCEPT II A city on a bridge The strategic location of the site offers it signifiance which is the ability to see the point where the river nile drains in the mediterranean. However, the project will use the visitors tendency to see the view by taking them through a story that will add value to the visit.

Fig.7.3.17 : Physical model from the street view

Fig.7.3.18: Physical model aerial shot from the riverside

Marina

Lodges

Road

Gallery Ramp

Theatre

A transverse section through the piece of land perpendicular to the river. This shows how the main spine connects the river with the theare passing underneath the bridge which is the landmark of the project. 117

Technological studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Technological study II Architectural installations among the bridge Architecture is pictured as fixed and stable, on the other hand, water is seen as organic and dynamic. The tension between architecture and water can provide the constraints and limitations where imaginative architecture occurs (Lewis, 62). An 18’ wall wedged out for rear video projection (Lewis, 62). A continuous 1/2” hollow acrylic tube filled half way with water, formed a literal line around the gallery. (Fig.15). This could allow the visitor to get to know the history of Rosetta among their visit in an interactive manner.

Fig.7.3.19 : Exhibit at Van Alen Institute(2001). (Lewis, Paul, Marc Tsurumaki, and David L. Lewis. Lewis.Tsurumaki.Lewis: Opportunistic Architecture. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2008.)

The rear video projections

These tabs will be used to entertain the users giving them information of the historical background of Rosetta. + A survey could be made to analyse the user’s preference.

Fig.7.3.20 : illustration for the gallery experience and how technology is used to add a spacial experience

118

Chapter VII

|Concept III

CONCEPT III

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

The link

The piece of land reflects the nature of Rosetta’s society. The street that passes through the site splitting it in to two with the smallest area is the one by the riverside is actually what is happening. The projects aims to connect the sea and the city creating “A link” despite there’s is an uneplained obstacle.

The same concept will be reflected in the building. The components of the project are already existing in the city as separate activities. The marina, local craft industry, and jewelery making, each is unrecognised on their own; therefore, the projects will unite them adding other contributing activities to achieve wholeness. Story telling with material: Natural stones by the shore

Locals Shelter & perminance Monumental Old/New constrast

Bricks

Human hands

Wood/Palm trunks

Renewable Timeless Warm Fast growing

Steel

Strength Bending

119

Technological studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

TECHNOLOGICAL STUDY II Aquaponics: The Process of combining plants growth and fish in the same cycle.(Fig.13) Plants are aligned above each other in vertical systems such as the AquaVertica where the water flows in up through a wicking material where the roots absorb water and nutrients from. Then water falls into the fish tank. This form of agriculture effieciently uses each square foot of space. This works well with leafy greens, as well as other crops that do not require support to grow. (Fig.14)

Fig.7.3.21: (source: The Aquaponic Source 2017)

Fig.7.3.23: The fish room (source: Aquaponics USA)

Fig.7.3.22: The Aqua vertica. (source: The Aquaponic Source 2017)

120

Chapter VII

|Individual Task

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Mission To make Rosetta the most desirable tourism destination on earth, which will increase the jobs for citizens and near by people in the same area of Rashid. The Project will work as an international destination, which will help in increasing the income. The main aim of this project is to make a point which attracts tourists all over the world to Rosetta, looking for old islamic architecture buildings, nile and sea intersection, local crafts, and perfect healthy life in agricultural coastal enviroment.

• Objective - Main Goals : Creating an attractive place for tourists all over the world - Economical goals : Job opportunities for young people, and increase the income to the city - Form and image goals : creating a suitable image for visitors to make them comfortable.

• Zoning It is based in a central plaza in the middle of the project to serve the other spaces according to thier functions.

Fig.7.4.1: Zoning

122

Chapter VII

|Concept I

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Concept I The Palm Tree concept is based on a central plaza in the middle of the project to serve the other spaces according to thier functions, as its dicrectly connected to elements and indirectly connected to another elements according thier functions and how do they effect the project. as the palm tree Fronds are all connected to one point, and every frond of these fronds may also have other fronds “ Leaves of the palm tree ”

Fig.7.4.2

Fig.7.4.3 : concept

123

Chapter VII

|Concept I

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

These are the steps of generating the concept to to reach the final concept form in the site.

Fig.7.4.4 : concept

124

Chapter VII

|Concept II

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

â&#x20AC;˘ Concept II The two waves concept is based on the wave of the river and the wave of the sea, where they intersect at a point in Rosetta, this point form a wavy line which used to form a shell covering the whole project, as we didnt use the shape of the wave to form the shell but weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve used the wavy line between the two waves of the sea and the river.

Fig.7.4.5

Shot of the sea water and the nile river water when they intersect in one point and they never merge together as they form a line wich seperate them from each other.

Fig.7.4.6 Elevation, of the Shell which inspired from intersection of the two waves.

Fig.7.4.7 Top view of the shell.

125

Chapter VII

|Concept III

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

â&#x20AC;˘ Concept III The concept is about using as islamic architecture design pattern in a modern way as the idea is about solid and void using attraction point in the outer shell, as in top view the attractive points in the site will appear clearly in the outer shell.

Fig.6.4.8 This will be applied on the project according to the location of each attractive elements.

Fig.7.4.9 Applying this on an islamic pattern.

Fig.7.4.10 As in this scyscraper centre they used

some attractive points in different floor level to show them through the outer pattern. 126

Technological studies

Revolving doors which generate electricity for the place, as a Cafe in Netherland. Fig.7.4.11:

Fig.7.4.13 :Dynamic

shutter used to control the amount of light in the building.

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Fig.7.4.12 :Pure

Usage of natural light, to save power and light a huge area.

Fig.7.4.14 :Dynamic

inclined roof changes according to winter and summer time to avoid water rain and control the sun light in the building.

Fig.7.4.15 :Sustainable

elements that can be used in the project to decrease the usage of power and electricity in the building. 127

Chapter VII

|Individual Task

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Mission From the standpoint that Rosetta has a lot of unacknowledged historical and Islamic heritage sites, most of the local inhabitants are not educated, there is a high rate of unemployment, these are all strong assets for the Harbor Plaza to take Rosetta to a whole new level and achieve our touristic approach. This project is aiming to increase awareness of historical sites in the area and lower the rate of unemployment.

• Objectives - The Harbor Plaza will increase Rosetta’s public awareness among touristic destinations by holding cultural events, conferences, theatre shows, and galleries. - Carrying out exhibitions and galleries for traditional handmade souvenirs. - Planning a unique identity that revives the luxury of Rosetta once more.

129

Chapter VII

|Concept I

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Concept I • Immortal Philosophy Taking into consideration that Rosetta is the second Egyptian city after Cairo for having Islamic monuments, the Islamic star is one of the patterns that is used a lot in the Islamic architecture, as well as it is used as an Islamic symbol in different cases, as for example Rub’ Hizb in Quran. It consists of two overlapping squares that combine to achieve a certain bond. As the ancients believed, the square symbolizes the four main elements that composed the world, which are Fire, Water, Air and Earth. These are the energy forces that make life sustainable. These four essential elements that all come from nature do exist in all of us forming our different personalities, and getting to know their existence in us, we can understand our relationship with nature and God (plato.stanford.edu). Applying this philosophy to our project, the first square symbolizes the context and the second one symbolizes our project “Harbor Plaza”, and combining the two squares will result in a successful tourism project that will grab tourists to discover this city with its long history, and interesting touristic and historical sites. The square symbolizes the four main components of the project, which are Theatre, Marina, Information Center, and Accommodation.

Fig.7.5.4 (Conceptual sketch)

Fig.7.5.1 (Islamic star pattern)

Fig.7.5.2 (Square philosophy)

Fig.7.5.3 (Bonding)

Fig.7.5.5 (Main elements of life)

130

Technological studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Technological study I: Light responsive façade Being inspired from the Islamic traditional shading device El-Mashrabyia, this modern parametric shading device is responsive to the sunlight in which it is being folded and unfolded automatically according to the amount of direct light the building is exposed to. These panels act as a sun screen that deflects some of the glare without permanently blocking the views.

Fig.7.5.6

Fig.7.5.9 (Function at night)

Fig.7.5.7

Fig.7.5.10 (Function in the afternoon)

- Advantages •More than 50% reduction in gain of solar heat and solar sunlight. •Reduction in the need of the building for energy (as the energy used in air conditioning) •Use of more naturally tinted glass •Less need of artificial light Fig.7.5.12 (Light responsive facade, UAE)

Fig.7.5.8

Fig.7.5.11 (Function in the morning)

131

Chapter VII

|Concept II

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

â&#x20AC;˘ Concept II â&#x20AC;˘ Connecting Nations This project is aiming to grab tourists that are inhabitants of our Mediterranean African, European, and Asian neighbors from Syria and Lebanon in the east all the way to Spain in the west, as well as domestic tourists coming from different Egyptian cities to discover the beauty of Rosetta. This will result in successful cultural exchange. From the standpoint of that music and theatre are international languages connecting people from all over the globe, the theatre in our Harbor Plaza will be the dominant structure that will act as the main axis of the project with all the other components surrounding it.

Fig.7.5.13 (Conceptual sketch)

Fig.7.5.15 (Dominant structure)

Fig.7.5.14 (Conceptual sketch)

Fig.7.5.16 (Vatican city, Italy)

Fig.7.5.18 (Conceptual sketch)

Fig.7.5.17 (Conceptual sketch)

132

Technological studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

â&#x20AC;˘ Technological Study II: Soundproofing Soundproofing is any methods for minimizing the pressure of sound regarding a sound source and pickup. There are a few essential ways to deal with decreasing sound: expanding the separation between the source and the collector, utilizing clamour hindrances to reflect or ingest the vitality of the sound waves, utilizing damping structures. Two soundproofing issues may occur and should be considered when outlining acoustic treatments, to enhance the sound inside a room, and decrease sound leakage to/from neighbouring rooms or outside noise. Acoustic calming and commotion control can be utilized to constrain undesirable reverberation. Soundproofing can smother undesirable circuitous sound waves, for example, reflections such as echoes and resonances that is a reason of reverberation. Soundproofing can decrease the transmission of undesirable direct stable waves from the source to an automatic audience using separation and interceding objects in the path of sound.

Fig.7.5.19 (Ceiling soundproofing) Fig.7.5.20 (Wall soundproofing)

Fig.7.5.21 (Wall soundproofing details)

133

Chapter VII

|Concept III

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Concept III • Breaking the Routine The Harbor Plaza is introducing new activities to Rosetta that will change the routine, life, and culture of its local inhabitants. When we take a glimpse on the urban fabric of Rosetta we can easily recognize that there is no obvious urban pattern, it is just a group of dense and random slums forming the shape of half a leaf. Breaking the routine of the locals will give Rosetta the opportunity to go further towards a more touristic city and achieving our touristic approach. Applying this philosophy to our project. The perpendicular grid will represent the locals’ routine that will be broken by the axe coming from the north west (the direction of the prevailing wind) forming a whole new grid for the project.

Fig.7.5.22 (Rosetta’s urban fabric) Fig.7.5.23 (Introducing new urban grid)

Fig.7.5.25 (Conceptual sketch) Fig.7.5.24 (Conceptual sketch)

134

Chapter VII

|Individual Task

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• Mission Seeking to help the city by making it come back to its old condition as a flourishing touristic approach of the country. Its issue that most of Egyptian cities face today that its neglected from the government and society which leads to the tourism deterioration. The ideal way to achieve this is through offering the tourists and society a harbor plaza on a dominant location which serves the tourists to enjoy visiting Rosetta and know more about its heritage, in other way it serves the society to feel that their city is not neglected anymore, and there is a resuscitation of the city’s ecological impacts.

• Objectives Solving the problem of the city’s neglection by creating a solid methodology throughout this issue. The proper solution that we want the society feel curious about their city over again, reduce the citizen poverty, foreigners and society interaction to show the Egyptian generosity, not only with the neglection but also focusing on the touristic part because it’s a necessary one considering the harbor process.

• Conclusion I want to create a place that makes the tourism recovers in Egypt, letting this beautiful city to be active again, diminishing the illegal immigration issue by providing job opportunities for adults in that place, and making the tourists feel like they are home.

136

Chapter VII

|Individual Task

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

• SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH The approach is to achieve a sustainable life to the community indirectly, by harassing on the social, economical, and environmental needs. It can be achieved by utilizing the local materials in architecture with a green building approach.

- Creating a sustainable building is by being aware of: • • • •

Ventilation and natural lighting Usage of appropriate techniques Building orientation Materials recycling

• Zoning

Fig.7.6.1 (Zoning)

137

Chapter VII

|Concept I

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

THE TIPPING POINT • Concept I the concept is influenced from the book ‘’ the tipping point`` written by Malcolm Gladwell and published in 2000, which talks about the critical point or the boiling point in an evolving situation that leads to a huge development, how the ideas spread like virus do and how little thing can make a big difference throughout the people and community, so I wanted to link this philosophy to the impact that going to reflect on the city.

Fig.7.6.2 (How the idea spreads)

I want to apply this theory because the site location is a main tipping point in Egypt and it was during several eras so my project can make a real big difference. Relating the theory to the project is by designing a building with edgy distorted surfaces because the change has to be edgy. Fig.7.6.3 (Site Location)

• Form Generation Spreading Units

Unit Distortion

Fig.7.6.4 (Units transformation)

Building Form

138

Technological studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

THE FLARE SYSTEM Its a modular system to make a dynamic responding faĂ§ade, it authorizes the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s interaction with the environmental circumstances, it acts like a living skin. Each stainless steel flake mirrors the bright sky or sunlight when in vertical standby position. When the flake is inclined downwards by a computer controlled pneumatic piston, its face is covered from the sky light, and this way appears as a dark pixel. By reflecting ambient or direct sunlight, the individual flakes of the FLARE system act like pixels formed by natural light.

Fig.7.6.6 (inspirational photo)

Fig.7.6.5 (installation method)

139

Chapter VII

|Concept II

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

LIFE VEINS • Concept II The river Nile during eras is like Egypt’s vein, it is like the main source of our lives in agriculture, drinking, transportation and everything like the ancient Egyptians were depending on it. It extends from upper Egypt and divaricates in the delta like hand veins. and it spreads in the country.

The concept aims to make the society take it subconsciously that this project can be their vein of economy and tourism, and it can spread the benefits not just to Rosetta only but to Egypt.

Fig.7.6.7 (River Nile in the Delta)

• Form Generation

Fig.7.6.9 (Hand Veins) Fig.7.6.8 (Site Location)

MARINA

TOURISTIC CENTER

MULTIPURPOSE AREA

ACCOMODATION Fig.7.6.10 (Vein Distribution)

Fig.7.6.11 (Components Distribution)

THEATRE

140

Technological studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

SOLATUBES

Solatube Daylighting Systems use a proprietary capture-transfer-delivery system to grant natural light to places that were once thought impossible. Solatube products merge patented technologies with progressive engineering for daylighting, delivering a superior blend of illumination intensity, thermal performance and light consistency. Our systems are easy to install, donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t often require structural changes, and are virtually maintenance-free. The fact that they are also energy-efficient, eco-friendly and inexpensive makes them the perfect choice for any commercial application.

Fig.7.6.12 (usage method)

Fig.7.6.14 (section)

Fig.7.6.13 (Roof solar-tubes)

Fig.7.6.15 (Tube)

141

Chapter VII

|Concept III

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

LIFE VEINS • Concept III A huge amount of Rosetta people take an advantage of local crafts to improve their income. Local men harvest palm tree trunks to manufacture products like furniture, building elements, and crates as explained in our research.

The concept target is to design a wooden modern building inspired from the manufactured crates with appropriate technology that helps the environment and people health, from another perspective, I decided to choose a local material they use in their daily life and a craft that they are good at like wooden cages to give them feeling that they are familiar to the project.

Fig.7.6.16 (Photos of local crafts taken from the city)

Fig.7.6.17(Wooden Crates)

• Grid System

Fig.7.6.18(Modular Grid)

• Overlappin Due to Rosetta’s changing conditions in economy and future deterioration, my concept created by overlapping of cubic volumes in informal method but in monolithic style to give sense of organized chaos to form a building suitable for a society.

Fig.7.6.19 (The building overlapping)

142

Technological studies

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

SOLATUBESWPC SOLAR SHADING The louvers swing around its axis by electric drive, its protects the spaces from the direct sun exposure, it moves according to the sunlight direction to reduce the direct light. it can be painted by silicate paint for a unique long life. it obtained from natural recycled plant materials, joined with thermoplastic polymer (PVC) in a homogeneous extruded compound, without the use of harmful volatile substances.

Fig.7.6.20 (installation)

Fig.7.6.22(Louvers)

Fig.7.6.21 (inspirational photo)

Fig.7.6.23(Section)

143

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

â&#x20AC;˘ REFERENCES: A.Isozaki, (2013).Qatar National Convention Centre. Retrieved from: http:// www.archdaily.com/425521/qatar-national-convention-centre-arata-isozaki/ ArtLens Wall.(n.d). Retrieved from http://www.clevelandart.org/artlens-gallery/artlens-wall Automatic sun tracking solar shading louvre systems available from Colt Tollfab|Architecture And Design.(2010). Retrieved from http://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/suppliers/colt-international-pty-limited/automatic-sun-tracking-solar-shading-louvre-system Ahmad hamed ,RAS ALARD SEA CLUB, Archinect.(n.d). Retrieved fro https:// archinect.com/AhmadHamed/project/ras-alard-sea-club An Office Building Occupants Guide to Indoor Air Quality.(n.d). Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/office-building-occupants-guide-indoor-air-quality Building authority, (2006), The strategic plans of the Egyptian cities. strategic plan - city of Rasheed. City of Edinburgh, (2014). Case studies, waterfront regeneration. Report as part of Leith economic framework. Retrieved from: https://consultationhub. edinburgh.gov.uk/cd/leith-economic-framework/supporting_documents/ Case%20Studies%20Waterfront%20Regeneration.pdf D. Hariri,(n.d). Acre Tourism Development Strategy.retrieved from: http:// www.akko.org.il/en/Acre-Tourism-Development-Strategy DPR Construction Phoenix Regional Office|WBDG Whole Building Design Guide.(2017). Retrieved from https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/ case-studies/dpr-construction-phoenix-regional-office Design for Mood: Twenty Activity-Based Opportunities to Design for Mood Regulation.(2015). Retrieved from http://www.ijdesign.org/ojs/index.php/ IJDesign/article/view/2167/691 De Chiara, Joseph, and Michael J. Crosbie.(2001). Time-saver standards for building types. Egyptian Earth Construction Association, (2011). Wadi El Gemal Visitors Center. Retrieved from: www.archdaily.com Ernst Neufert, Peter Neufert, Bousmaha Baiche,& Nicholas Walliman(2011). Architectsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; data.

145

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Edaw, (2000). The City Development Department Dundee City Council. The case study of waterfront. Retrieved from: https://www.dundeewaterfront. com/about/masterplan G. Ismagilova, L. Safiullin & I. Gafurov, (2015). Using historical heritage as a factor in tourism development. Social and Behavioral Sciences 188 ( 2015 ) 157 – 162. Russia. Hunter Irrigation Sprinkler Systems.(n.d). Retrieved from https://www.hunterindustries.com/en-metric H.Aref, W.Hussien and L.Awees, (2015). SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN EGYPT: PEROPOSED SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATED DESIGN MATRIX STUDY. European Centre for Research Training and Development. UK. International Journal of Development and Economic Sustainability. Vol.3, No.4, pp.13-28 Kashmira Gander,Terrible architecture is making you depressed,The Independent.(2016). Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/ life-style/design/how-architecture-uses-space-light-and-material-to-affect-your-mood-american-institute-architects-a6985986.html Jyoti Ahlawat .(2015). Architectural Phenomenology exploring the experiential potentiality of architecture. J.Csapro, (2012). The Role and Importance of Cultural Tourism in Modern Tourism Industry, Strategies for Tourism Industry - Micro and Macro Perspectives, Dr. Murat Kasimoglu (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0566-4, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/strategies-for-tourism-industry-micro-and-macroperspectives/the-role-and-importance-of-cultural-tourism-inmodern-tourism-industry J. Espinosa,”et al”, 2008. E-Government Implementation in Spain: the Case of the City of Benidorm. Communications of the IBIMA, Vol. 5 J.Steingber, (2016). Port city of Acre is making a comeback, one acre at a time. Times of israel K.Gander, (2016). An architectural award for libraries led Kashmira Gander to ponder the relationship between space and mood. Independent. Liddell, Ian and McCormick, Fergus,(2012).Special steel structures in Steel Designers’ Manual: The Steel Construction Institute, Seventh Edition (eds B. Davison and G. W. Owens), Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK M. EL-RAEY1∗, Y. FOUDA2 and P. GAL2, (n.d). GIS for environmental assessment of the impacts of urban encroachment on Rosetta region, EGYPT . 10.1023_2FA-1006195006898.pdf

146

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Ministry of Culture - Supreme Council of Antiquities.(2003). Retrieved from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1831/ New Artist Residency In Senegal.(2015). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/608096/new-artist-residency-in-senegal-toshiko-mori Project preparing the general strategic plan and the detailed plan Of the city of Rashid Lake Governorate, (2007.)retrieved from; http://gopp.gov.eg/ wp-content/uploads/2014/09 Pamela Buxton.(2015). Metric handbook planning and design data fifth edition. Sustainable|WBDG Whole Building Design Guide.(2017). Retrieved from https://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable The WBDG Sustainable Committee, (2017). Design objectives/ sustainable S.S. Zubir, C.A. Brebbia, (2013).The Sustainable City VIII (2 Volume Set): Urban Regeneration and Sustainability,. Toshiko Mori designs pro-bono a new artists’ residency in Senegal.(2015). Retrieved from https://archinect.com/news/article/118430634/toshiko-mori-designs-pro-bono-a-new-artists-residency-in-senegal The Architecture of Perception: 5 Spaces Designed to Stimulate Your Senses - Architizer Journal.(n.d.). Retrieved from https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/collections/the-architecture-of-perception/ Thread Artist Residency & Cultural Centre.(2017). Retrieved from http:// www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/thread-artist-residency-cultural-centre_o Touristic Enterprises Company |Kuwait Towers.(n.d). Retrieved from http:// www.kuwaittourism.com/RasAlArdSeaClub.html Wilhelm, Bernard C., “Urban fabric as a catalyst for architectural awareness: Center for architectural research” (2008). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. retrieved from: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/564 Wayfinding and Playfinding|SEGD.(2015). Retrieved from https://segd.org/ blog/wayfinding-and-playfinding Xixi Wetland Art Village / Wang Weijen Architecture.(2013). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/334677/xixi-wetland-art-village-wang-weijen-architecture

147

• List of Figures:

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Chapter 1 Fig.1.1 (Rosetta’s relation with Mediterranean cities well as it is location in Egypt, Photo done by; author) .. 6 Fig.1.2 (The existing activities and opportunities in Rosetta, Photo done by; author) .. 7 Fig.1.3 (An illustration for the existing riverfront activity and how it has influenced the central area, Photo done by; author) .. 7 Fig.1.4 (Potentials to reclaim the river, Photo done by; author) .. 8 Fig.1.5 (The Qaitbay citadel in the past, taken from Rosetta’s museum) .. 9 Fig.1.6 (Photo taken from Rosetta’s museum showing a picturesque of old Rosetta) .. 9 Fig.1.7 (Abu al-Rish gate ( .. 11 Fig.1.8 (Rashi Museum).. 11 Fig.1.9 (House of Qanadily(.. 11 Fig.1.10 ( Qaitbay citadel(. 11 Fig.1.11 (Hangeg mosque(.. 11 Fig .1.12 (Land use map ( .. 12 Fig.1.13 (Urban expansion - Photo done by; author) .. 13 Fig.1.14 (Rosetta’s settlement Photo done by; author, Source: general organization and physical planning) .. 13 Fig.1.15 (Accommodation place of people working in the city) .. 14 Fig.1.16 (whether the locals have joint school or not) .. 14 Fig.1.17 (Locals awareness of Rosetta’s historical value) .. 14 Fig.1.18 (Field visit photographs) .. 14 Fig.1.19 (Furniture) ..15 Fig.1.20 (Wooden crates) .. 15 Fig.1.21 (Costume & Jewelry making ).. 15 Fig.1.22 (Ship manufacturing) .. 15 Fig.1.23 (Rashid’s Awareness among people) .. 16 Fig.1.24 (Nationality of people interviewed) .. 16 Fig.1.25 (Willingness to visit Rosetta) .. 16 Fig.1.26 (Interviewers’ preference to activities suggested in the questionnaires) .. 16 Fig.1.27 (Industrial establishments in Rosetta 2006) .. 17 Fig.1.28 (Current asset map of Rosetta, Source: General organization and physical planning) .. 17 Fig.1.29 (Santos and its port, in the 1880´s and today) .. 22 Fig.1.30 (Alicante) ..24 Fig.1.31 (Alicante) .. 24 Fig.1.32 (Dundee) .. 25 Fig.1.33 (Dundee) .. 25 Fig.1.34 (Glasgow) .. 26 Fig.1.35 (Glasgow) .. 26

149

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Chapter 2 Fig.2.1 (social interventions in between residential spaces .. 31 Fig.2.2 (Analysis of alley interventions) .. 32 Fig.2.3 (Central Area of Rosetta ) .. 32 Fig.2.4 (A top view from the roof of a hotel).. 33 Fig.2.5 (monumental castle) .. 33 Fig.2.6 (Masjed Abu Mandor) .. 33 Fig.2.7 (Rosetta map) .. 33 Fig.2.8 (Solid and void map) .. 33 Fig.2.9 (Buildings condition map) .. 33 Fig.2.10 (Road hierarchy map) .. 34 Fig.2.11 (Sanitation map) .. 34 Fig.2.12 (Vegetation distribution among Rosetta) .. 35 Fig.2.13 (Clay/Silt intensity among the river bank) .. 35 Fig.2.14 (Rosetta riverside ( .. 36 Fig.2.15 (Blocks industry (.. 36 Fig.2.16 (Skyline of Rosetta( .. 37 Fig.2.17 (“the city of a million palm tree, invaded by slums surrounding the religious building”).. 37 Fig.2.18 (Where a landmark exists, the urban development takes place around) .. 37 Fig.2.19 (The three site proposed sites) .. 38 Fig.2.20 (Site 1 ( .. 39 Fig.2.21 (Site 2 ( .. 39 Fig.2.22 (Site 3 ( .. 40 Fig.2.23 (Site 2 on map( .. 41 Fig.2.24 (Site 2 Panorama( .. 41 Fig.2.25 (Chosen site 2, source: Google earth (.. 42 Fig.2.26 (Wind Rose) .. 43 Fig.2.27 (weather analysis) .. 43 Fig.2.28 (The Road leading to site 2) .. 44 Fig.2.29 (site 2 gateway) .. 44 Fig.2.30 (site 2 analysis) .. 44 Fig.2.31 (site 2 analysis) .. 44 Fig.2.32 (site 2 considerations) .. 45 Fig.2.33 (site 2 considerations) .. 45 Fig.2.34 (site 2 3D topography) .. 46 Fig.2.35 (site 2 topography) .. 46 Chapter 3 Fig.3.1 (Creating a landmark at the city portal, that will integrate between the city center and the harbor, transforming Rosetta into a public plaza) .. 49 Fig.3.2 (Through a building) .. 50 Fig.3.3 (Interact with a building) .. 50 Fig.3.4 (The Ubunto center) .. 51 Fig.3.5 (Löyly,Helsinki, Finland) .. 51

150

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Fig.3.6 (The Palestinian Museum circulation) .. 51 Fig.3.7 (Pedestrians are invited to explore the harbor) .. 51 Fig.3.8 (Making use of context, empowering social activities) .. 52 Fig.3.9 (Cultural exchange through design process) .. 52 Fig.3.10 (Social interaction) .. 52 Fig.3.11 (The cascade floor is a local crafts market, while turns into an amphitheatre during events) .. 53 Fig.3.12 (The wall changes, changing the function of the room) .. 53 Fig.3.13 (Thermal comfort) .. 56 Fig.3.14 (Acoustic comfort) .. 56 Fig.3.15 (Visual comfort) .. 56 Fig.3.16 (Air quality) .. 56 Fig.3.17 (The effect on the humanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mood) .. 57 Fig.3.18 (Plan and section) .. 58 Fig.3.19 (Plan and section) .. 58 Fig.3.20 (Site territory) .. 59 Fig.3.21 (Site territory) .. 59 Fig.3.22 (Site territory) .. 59 Chapter 4 Fig.4.1 (Sustainability) .. 61 Fig.4.2 (Environmental sustainability) .. 61 Fig.4.3 (DPR Construction Phoenix Regional Office, Source: Whole Building design guide) .. 62 Fig.4.4 (Social sustainability) .. 63 Fig.4.5 (Economic sustainability) .. 63 Fig.4.6 (LEED) .. 64 Fig.4.7 (GPRS) .. 64 Chapter 5 Fig.5.1 (The site was officially declared in 2003 as the 24th protectorate in Egypt primarily due to its unique landscape and crucial cultural resources) .. 67 Fig.5.2 (Reception and welcoming pit-stop, that is predominantly open) .. 67 Fig.5.3 (Plan of the visitors centre) .. 68 Fig.5.4 (Wall sections of the visitors centre) .. 68 Fig.5.5 (Aiding the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency in securing the sustainable use of the significant assets of the region) .. 69 Fig.5.6 (The use of local materials and local labor to build the project) .. 69 Fig.5.7 (Section showing the roofing of the project and how sustainability was achieved by ensuring good ventilation and orientation) .. 69 Fig.5.8 (The location and its surrounding environment) .. 70 Fig.5.9 (Ramses Wissa Wassef picturesque) .. 70 Fig.5.10 (The key elements in Ramses Wissa Wassef Art Centre) .. 70 Fig.5.11 (The plans of Habib Gorgy sculpture museum) .. 70

151

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Fig.5.12 (The visually introduced urban development through the existing surroundings of the art centre) .. 71 Fig.5.13 (The sculpture works that reflect the heritage of the Egyptian identity) .. 71 Fig.5.14 (The unsuccessful preservation works undertaken to the buildings in the art centre) .. 71 Fig.5.15 (Tunis village, source: Design with Nature 2015) .. 72 Fig.5.16 (Material used, source: Design with Nature 2015) .. 72 Fig.5.17 (Style of Tunis village) .. 72 Fig.5.18 (Solar panel) .. 73 Fig.5.19 (Ventilation opening) .. 73 Fig.5.20 (Aga Khan Foundation, 2016) .. 74 Fig.5.21 (Aga Khan Foundation, 2016) .. 74 Fig.5.22 (Plan of Aga Khan Foundation, 2016) .. 74 Fig.5.23 (Elevation Artist Residency center, source: thread-senegal.org) .. 74 Fig.5.24 (Section Artist Residency center, source: thread-senegal.org).. 75 Fig.5.25 (Section Artist Residency center, source: thread-senegal.org).. 75 Fig.5.26 (The marina axonometry) .. 76 Fig.5.27 (Plan analysis, showing the Marina and the visitor’s circulation route) .. 76 Fig.5.28 (Spatial zoning for the site plan (Hamed,2016) .. 77 Fig.5.29 (Sustainability and smart features applied to the project (Hamed,2016).. 77 Fig.5.30 (building elevation analysis (Hamed,2016) .. 77 Fig.5.31 (Starvos Niarchos Center) .. 78 Fig.5.32 (Concept of Starvos Niarchos Center) .. 78 Fig.5.33 (Starvos Niarchos Center plan) .. 78 Fig.5.34 (Starvos Niarchos Center section A-A) .. 79 Fig.5.35 (Starvos Niarchos Center section B-B) .. 79 Fig.5.36 (Cultural influence, Greek Agora) .. 79 Fig.5.37 (A four-sided frame is elevated above the Portuguese landscape, photo by: joão morgado) .. 80 Fig.5.38 (In order to support the building’s weight, a set of huge metal trusses create four interconnected volumes, photo by joão morgado) .. 80 Fig.5.39 (Flexible spaces that throughout the year small communities in the region organise traditional corteges, informal open-air markets, religious processions, music concerts and traditional activities or games) .. 81 Fig.5.40 (Clearly defined circulation routes traverse the plan, photo by joão morgado.) .. 81 Fig.5.41 (The square volume includes above 60 offices, averaging 215 square feet, which are accessed through a glass-lined hallway along the building’s inside perimeter) .. 81 Fig.5.42 (The first-floor includes a house shops, a restaurant, a multipurpose room, and a fabrication lab for the tech companies incubating in the above floor) .. 81

152

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Chapter 6 Fig.6.1 (Classification of program) .. 83 Fig.6.2 (Survey of preferable accommodation) .. 85 Fig.6.3 (Basic forms of hotels) .. 85 Fig.6.4 (Hotel rooms showing features and main dimension) .. 86 Fig.6.5 (Bedding in youth hostels) .. 86 Fig.6.6 (Room units) .. 86 Fig.6.7 (Room unites with cover parking space) .. 86 Fig.6.8 (Tint) .. 87 Fig.6.9 (Large house tint) .. 87 Fig.6.10 (Caravan) .. 87 Fig.6.11 (Motorhome) .. 87 Fig.6.12 (Boats standards) .. 88 Fig.6.13 (Quays) .. 88 Fig.6.14 (Quays and jetty) .. 88 Fig.6.15 (Jetty) .. 88 Fig.6.16 (Y-shape jetty) .. 88 Fig.6.17 (Mediterranean type) .. 88 Fig.6.18 (Finger piers type) .. 88 Fig.6.19 (Spacing between chairs) .. 89 Fig.6.20 (Seating geometry) .. 90 Fig.6.21 (Open stage layout) .. 90 Fig.6.22 (Horizontal vision) .. 90 Fig.6.23 (Spaces of display cabinet) .. 91 Fig.6.24 (Different daylight source) .. 92 Fig.6.25 (Display rooms) .. 92 Chapter 7 Fig.7.1.1 (Zoning concept) .. 96 Fig.7.1.2 (3d zoning concept) .. 96 Fig.7.1.3 (Zoning in plan) .. 96 Fig.7.1.4 (Experience diagram) .. 97 Fig.7.1.5 (Space creation diagram) .. 97 Fig.7.1.6 (Space design for creating experience) .. 97 Fig.7.1.7 (Using the Mashrabya as source of light and opening, Rosetta museum) .. 97 Fig.7.1.8 (Using of opening, Qaitbay citadel) .. 97 Fig.7.1.9 (Moving through spaces) .. 97 Fig.7.1.10 (Moving through differ, Qaytbay Citadel) .. 97 Fig.7.1.11 (Relation between spaces) .. 97 Fig.7.1.12 (Floor Led, The Art of Scent, Museum of Art and Design, New York City) .. 98 Fig.7.1.13 (Wall Led facade) .. 98

153

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Fig.7.1.14 (Interactive floor) .. 98 Fig.7.1.15 (Art lens, source: clevelandart museum) .. 98 Fig.7.1.16 (Rosetta map city center) .. 99 Fig.7.1.17 (Rosetta Urban pattern analysis) .. 99 Fig.7.1.18 (Concept) .. 99 Fig.7.1.19 (Concept) .. 99 Fig.7.1.20 (Extending the urban towards the agriculture) .. 100 Fig.7.1.21 (Irrigation system, source: greenscapeirrigation) .. 100 Fig.7.1.22 (Irrigation system controller, source: Hunter inc.) .. 100 Fig.7.1.23 (Irrigation system solar sync, source: Hunter inc.) .. 100 Fig.7.1.24 (Forms) .. 101 Fig.7.1.25 (Different types of movement) .. 101 Fig.7.1.26 (Different type of movement) .. 101 Fig.7.1.27 (Different perspective) .. 101 Fig.7.1.28 (Louver sun tracking) .. 102 Fig.7.1.29 (Louver sun tracking) .. 102 Fig.7.1.30 (Louver sun tracking movement) .. 102 Fig.7.2.1 (Represents inspiration) .. 105 Fig.7.2.2 (Represents the roots of the palm tree as they spread through the soil) .. 105 Fig.7.2.3 (represents set of roots separated from each other) .. 105 Fig.7.2.4 (represents an attempt to create a route on different levels) .. 105 Fig.7.2.5 (represents a route that divides the land) .. 105 Fig.7.2.6 (represents inspiration) .. 106 Fig.7.2.7 (represents the outer shell inspired from the quartz) .. 106 Fig.7.2.8 (shows how some areas may not be facing the light) .. 106 Fig.7.2.9 (shows the splitting of the building) .. 106 Fig.7.2.10 (represents inspiration) .. 107 Fig.7.2.11 (Conceptual illustration) .. 107 Fig.7.2.12 (shows a sketch of building on slope) .. 107 Fig.7.2.13 (shows how the user should be able Fig.7.2.12 shows a sketch of building on slope to see everything) .. 107 Fig.7.2.14 (shows an attempt of a circular building) .. 107 Fig.7.2.15 (represents the circular building) .. 107 Fig.7.2.16 (represent inspiration) .. 108 Fig.7.2.17 (represents solar powered lamps) .. 108 Fig.7.2.18 (represents actual image of solar controlled film window) .. 108 Fig.7.2.19 (conceptual representation how solar controlled film works) .. 108 Fig.7.2.20 (represents the STARPATH in Christâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pieces Park in Cambridge Touted) .. 108 Fig.7.3.1 (lodging inspiration) .. 111 Fig.7.3.2 (Projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mood inspiration) .. 111 Fig.7.3.3 (Envelope inspiration) .. 111 Fig.7.3.4 (craft to envelope inspiration) .. 111 Fig.7.3.5 (Figure 5) .. 111 Fig.7.3.6 (Figure 6) .. 111 Fig.7.3.7 (Conceptual sketch) .. 112

154

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Fig.7.3.8 (Conceptual sketch) .. 112 Fig.7.3.9 (Functional relationships diagram) .. 113 Fig.7.3.10 (Functional zoning diagram) .. 113 Fig.7.3.11 (a strive to add a new landmark to a unique location that will serve the community) .. 114 Fig.7.3.12 (The city of Rosetta) .. 115 Fig.7.3.13 (The density of people) .. 115 Fig.7.3.14 (Solar Shading Louver Systems) .. 116 Fig.7.3.15 (ONE RIVER TERRACE) .. 116 Fig.7.3.16 (Assembly of the operable façade) .. 116 Fig.7.3.17 (Physical model from the street view) .. 117 Fig.7.3.18 (Physical model aerial shot from the riverside) .. 117 Fig.7.3.19 (Exhibit at Van Alen Institute) .. 118 Fig.7.3.20 (illustration for the gallery experience and how technology is used to add a spatial experience) .. 118 Fig.7.3.21 (source: The Aquaponic Source 2017) .. 120 Fig.7.3.22 (The Aqua vertica, source: The Aquaponic Source 2017) .. 120 Fig.7.3.23 (The fish room, source: Aquaponics USA) .. 120 Fig.7.4.1 (Zoning) .. 122 Fig.7.4.2 (Rosetta’s palms) .. 123 Fig.7.4.3 (Concept) .. 123 Fig.7.4.4 (Concept) .. 124 Fig.7.4.5 (Rosetta’s map) .. 125 Fig.7.4.6 (Elevation of the shell) .. 125 Fig.7.4.7 (Top view of the shell) .. 125 Fig.7.4.8 (Concept) .. 126 Fig.7.4.9 (Concept) .. 126 Fig.7.4.10 (Pattern) .. 126 Fig.7.4.11 (Revolving doors) .. 127 Fig.7.4.12 (Natural light) .. 127 Fig.7.4.13 (Dynamic shutter) .. 127 Fig.7.4.14 (Dynamic inclined roof) .. 127 Fig.7.4.15 (Sustainable elements) .. 127 Fig.7.5.1 (Islamic star pattern) .. 130 Fig.7.5.2 (Square philosophy) .. 130 Fig.7.5.3 (Bonding) .. 130 Fig.7.5.4 (Conceptual sketches) .. 130 Fig.7.5.5 (Main elements of life) .. 130 Fig.7.5.6 (Top view) .. 130 Fig.7.5.7 (Front isometric view) .. 130 Fig.7.5.8 (Back isometric view) .. 131 Fig.7.5.9 (Function at night) .. 131 Fig.7.5.10 (Function in the afternoon) .. 131 Fig.7.5.11 (Function in the morning) .. 131 Fig.7.5.12 (Light responsive façade, UAE) .. 131 Fig.7.5.13 (Conceptual sketch) .. 132 Fig.7.5.14 (Conceptual sketch) .. 132 Fig.7.5.15 (Vatican City, Italy) .. 132 Fig.7.5.16 (Dominant structure) .. 132 155

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

Fig.7.5.17 (Conceptual sketch) .. 132 Fig.7.5.18 (Conceptual sketch) .. 132 Fig.7.5.19 (Ceiling soundproofing) .. 133 Fig.7.5.20 (Wall soundproofing) .. 133 Fig.7.5.21 (Wall soundproofing details) .. 133 Fig.7.5.22 (Rosettaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban fabric) .. 134 Fig.7.5.23 (Introducing new urban grid) .. 134 Fig.7.5.24 (Conceptual sketch) .. 134 Fig.7.5.25 (Conceptual sketch) .. 134 Fig.7.6.1 (Zoning) .. 137 Fig.7.6.2 (How the idea spreads) .. 138 Fig.7.6.3 (Site Location) .. 138 Fig.7.6.4 (Units transformation) .. 138 Fig.7.6.5 (Installation method) .. 139 Fig.7.6.6 (Inspirational photo) .. 139 Fig.7.6.7 (River Nile in the Delta) .. 140 Fig.7.6.8 (Site Location) .. 140 Fig.7.6.9 (Hand Veins) .. 140 Fig.7.6.10 (Vein Distribution) .. 140 Fig.7.6.11 (Components Distribution) .. 140 Fig.7.6.12 (Usage method) .. 141 Fig.7.6.13 (Roof solar-tubes) .. 141 Fig.7.6.14 (Section) .. 141 Fig.7.6.15 (Tube) .. 141 Fig.7.6.16 (Photos of local crafts taken from the city) .. 142 Fig.7.6.17 (Wooden Crates) .. 142 Fig.7.6.18 (Modular Grid) .. 142 Fig.7.6.19 (The building overlapping) .. 142 Fig.7.6.20 (Installation) .. 143 Fig.7.6.21 (Inspirational photo) .. 143 Fig.7.6.22 (Louvers) .. 143 Fig.7.6.23 (Section) .. 143

156

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

158

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

159

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

160

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

161

ROSETTA| as a touristic destination

162

ROSETTA

ÂŠ

October University for Modern Sciences and Arts Faculty of Engineering Architecture Department Graduation Project I FALL 2017

ÂŠ 2018 Rosetta. All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereofmay not be reproduced or used in any manner whats ever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review.