AUDINGAS SUMSKAS LiAi
MASTER THESIS
Master Thesis
June 5TH 2013
Master of Arts in Architecture M.Arch Laboratory of Immediate Architectural Intervention Ume책 School of Architecture UMA Sweden
UMA School of Architecture, SE
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
Prof. Roemer Van Toorn
Prof. Oren Lieberman UMA Guest Teacher, SE Dean, University of Bournemouth, UK
PhD C.Alberto Altes Arlandis UMA Lecturer, SE
LiAi
UCL Bartlett, UK Westminster University UK
UMA
dr. Jon Goodbun
2013
Prof. Oren Lieberman UMA Guest Teacher, SE Dean, University of Bournemouth, UK
PhD C.Alberto Altes Arlandis UMA Lecturer, SE
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2013 UMA LiAi AUDINGAS SUMSKAS MASTER THESIS
Master Thesis N
June 5TH 2013 LiAi 10 // Master of Arts in Architecture M.Arch Laboratory of Immediate Architectural Intervention Ume책 School of Architecture UMA Sweden
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This booklet is organized in a way, which follows the narrative. Each part of the booklet is follow-up of the previous chapter and the information was produced while entangled with the things / processes / people / relations / mesh patterns / knots, which I was exploring during semesters 8,9,10.
For publish / copy / third parties: please contact a@milimili.lt
Thank You
M MASTER THESIS
Quote by Bruno Latour Abstract Geographical Location
5 7 8
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Labour Occupations in Relation with Finance System Injecting and Depopulating Lithuania Dependence on the Swedish Banks Producers and Consumers of the Energy Land of Potential. The Section Sections Re-drawing Hinterland. Land of Potential
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5. Absorbing / Listening 6. Working in the Factory 7.Following / Traces 8.Shooting the Movie 9.Speculating. Insect 10.Inserting. Rethinking On the General Level.. Bibliography
55 59 61 63 64 66 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 78
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Index of Interventions 1.Interviewing factory owner Björn Isacsson 2.Meeting the Activists In Hällnäs. Lucas & Lars 3. Building the Greenhouse
39 40 42 44 46 47 48 49 50 53
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The Region Meanwhile in the corridors of Municipality.. Loan Policies. Peripheric Village Case CCTVing the Village Historical Overview of Tensions in Hällnäs Village Inside the Greenhouse Factory Houses of the Greenhouse Factory Ready to be “Eaten” Flows of Money, Labor Force, Production, Tax & Salaries What if..? New Greenhouse Every 3 Months
16 17 18 20 21 23 24 26 28 30 32 34 35 36
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Quote by Reiner De Graaf Political Debates in Sweden. Labour Immigration The Utopia of the New Identity Rural/Skilled Labour Force Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth
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“The world is not a solid continent of facts sprinkled by a few lakes of uncertainties, but a vast ocean of uncertainties speckled by a few islands of calibrated and stabilized forms” AUDINGAS SUMSKAS LiAi UMA 2013
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tractive for multinationals. So what kind of spatial transformations do these processes produce? How can these transformations become a new platform for living and being together? Can they open up a space for collaborations and synergies between our market and institutions?
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
Globalized capitalism, immigration, higher salaries have moved beyond the line of perception, causing unexpected challenges in architecture. The Nordic hinterland(s) have become vibrant because of the labour force coming back and forth in search of a
LiAi UMA 2013
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NORRLAND
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OF NORRLAND
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MASTER THESIS
CONTEXT SWEDEN
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PART 1
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Reinier de Graaf / OMA*AMO - SFU Dutch Design
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWwh4h8scSU
13:11 “I think there has been gradual transition in our work whereas a lot
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MASTER THESIS
is something what could be taken from childrens book, but its incredibly evocative, so when you make a complex issue immediate, immediate to the obsolete. In that sense it almost ventures into domain of art, that its even to a certain point meaningless. Anything what is translation of numbers, nowadays leads to somebody else that you present mentioning another number, another source and then you get cought to same trap that before you know it, you have a specialist discussion when you actually would like to have a discussion on a more general level�
MASTER THESIS
Political Debates in Sweden. Labour Immigration
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
SOURCE: http://blogg.vk.se/nordebo/etikett/Norrland/ http://www.abm.se/leopolds/Vykort.Vasterbotten.html http://www.thelocal.se/search.php?keywordSearch=n orrland&search=Go#.UWLVLaBRr_Qhttp://www.thin k-energy.net/KWvsKWH.htm
Over the past decades political debates related with immigration / labor force / job market integration have taken place in Sweden with great acceleration.
*http://www.guardian.co.uk/ commentisfree/2013/may/27/
about racism” states one of the
**http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=3myZjennxHE Interview with Professor Saskia Sassen
stockholm
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What are the ways in which immigrants can be invited as an ingredi-
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societies and ecologies change, and what kind of new identities could emerge? How do we understand the new identity and what are the effects of it?
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rooting ideology for riots to happen? A transcription of a recent lecture by Saskia Sassen might throw some light into these issues: The role of migrants in the globalized city of the future // 3:52min
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Integration in the wealthy country fails: “Swedish riots: if instability can happen here, what might unfold elsewhere. More than 20 cars torched in one night. School classrooms gutted ing immigrants around a suburb.”* Many of us suddenly get to know the answer: Police / Army in the streets.
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for free” states another one. “Sweden risks to lose an entire generation of foreign-born labor force” etc.
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The Utopia of the New Identity
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Russia makes social unrest towards Finland (Sweden is worried)
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Revisionist (non-Marxist) socialism
Consequence: coutry bringing architecture nearer to consumption for masses
Powerfull workers organizations begin
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Late industrialization
1880
1890
IKEA is established
Social equality, welfare state becomes political?
Moder financi state 1910
1920
Social Democrats decides: “No revolutionary politics! Building consensus & social unity”
1930
WWII begins
1943
So hou ide
A.AAlto at Swedish Exhibition: “This is not a composition of glass and steel, but happy people and table cloth”
MASTER THESIS
...?
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Helena Mattson “The Nordic welfare state can be traced to the late 1920s, when Swedish social democrats gave up the idea of revolutionary politics in favour of consensus building and social unity. The model was simple: converge the capitalist economic system with leftist social ideals. Even the capitalists understood that the price tag, considering the danger of social unrest that had spread from Russia to the neighbouring Finland in the late 1910s.”
What is the horizon for a new utopia? Almost 100 years ago social democrats decided: “no revolutionsocial unity” which A. Aalto described as a composition of “happy people and table cloth”. 10 years later IKEA is established - consumerism beworld war the same social democrat party introduced large new housing and new town programs, which built upon ideas from pre-war reforms, meaning that we live in an order of
WWII end
the labour market reforms, Sweden risks losing out on the full potential of an entire generation of foreign-born workers” argues the economist of the Swedish confederation of enterprises, Li Jansson. And at the same that the country risks losing foreign-born workers, there is also a risk of loosing control of the immigrating labor force and its related processes at another scale.
MASTER THESIS
architects receives l aid for new welfare
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
cial Democrats introduce large new using and new town programs, that built as on pre-war reforms
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
1950
LiAi UMA 2013
Situation in north of Sweden shows, that companies (while current policies allow this to happen) are able to hire people in the East of Europe, transport them back and forth when they need them / if they need them. Paying half of the salary what company would pay to Swede, making
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and ways to make this source of money - legal. This mechanism of connections,
supply by mediating company - happens to appear, when “Sweden risks of losing entire generation of foreignborn workers� These processes are confronting each other. I believe, that we should search for the answer somewhere else.
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Rural / Skilled Labor Force
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58 out of 100 employees, Source: Tillväxtverket Report 2009, P.9
very remote...?
Luleå
Umeå Östersund
53 out of 100 in area around Stockholm Gävle
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Örebro
Göteborg
very remote rural regions remote rural regions rural regions near city remote agglomerated regions agglomerated regions near city city regions
Stockholm
Jönköping
Malmö
48 out of 100 in south of Sweden
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very remote rural regions remote rural regions rural regions near city remote agglomerated regions agglomerated regions near city city regions
At the same time, the northern part of Sweden presents a combination of shrinking populations and economies(on the left) and a relatively easy access to skilled labour
means that middle-class educated persons are starting to work in the lower edge of the salary scale, or are simply unemployed. Then people choose to emigrate.
such information one can clearly understand that many rural parts of Sweden are rapidly turning into a much more educated type of labour.
How can we think of starting synergy between middle-class educated foreign-borns and Swedish educated labour market?
The availability of skilled labor force also shows that there is a lot of space for people with another citizenship to come. At the same time, paradoxically, populations from the East of Europe are so well educated (~80% of high school students are accepted to study straight away), that there are not enough work places in their native countries. Which
Source: Tillväxtverket Report 2013.04 Page 24
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Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth
Västerbotten get low funding compared to southern part of Sweden
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
Stockholm area investment are way bigger than the whole North of Sweden.
LiAi UMA
Investments are based on a rules has - business activity, research, education.
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agency called “Tillväxtverket” the “Swedish Agency for Regional and Economic Growth”. This organization is responsible for producing the rural land the way we have it now. Abandoned lands, shrinking villages and towns, calm silent places, where you might hear a colorful spectrum of languages, while being close to monstrous organisms like huge factories. ??
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the production of space and land in Sweden. The distribution of “money injections” is highly dependent on what is being described as “CITY”
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scribes urban area, therefore setting the investments.
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But the most frustrating key element which is missing in this mesh of bureaucratic structure of control is the moment in which the technicallyskilled statistical agency is unable to overlap the information it produces in a critical manner. In other words: they are capable of tracing, but unable to map different processes in order to reveal the harm/s which, in fact, is/are being produced by the same agency.
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AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
* Po Tidholm skildrar Norrland Teaser of the upcoming book by author Po Tidholm Screenhots http://www.tv4play.se/program/ nyheterna-gävle?video_ id=2228023
to have someone in the agency, who is striving for public good, yet is able to reveal unseen truths, someone who
** Roemer van Toorn Public Lecture January 23, 2012, 1:29 PM “Why Mapping?” UMA Auditorium
*
If these mystical numbers of 45-minute drive radius from 3000 inhabitant “URBAN AREA” are transferred to maps representing the territory, one can face the existing condition of degrowth. These trends, conditions, events and regulations shape the Swedish hinterland in a manner in which both the land and the people are exploited.
Access towns with 3000 residents within a 45 minute ride by car *All the rest belongs to the description “Glesbygd” and is perceived as Rural areas
MASTER THESIS
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...???
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Labour Occupations in Relation with Finance System
The diagram on the left shows the way GDP works in Sweden. Income is counted according to different sectors: Agriculture, Industry, and Service. Out of the total revenue, an average of 44.4% tax is deducted. The Ministry of Finance can operate with part of that tax money, which, through third parties and organizations, moves to the various governmental organizations. One of them is the “Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth�. And, as it was showed previously, through the distribution of injections of investment, the very same land where the money comes from is shaped and produced.
which a problematic point appears around the way in which the land is (mis)treated in relationship with the distribution of investments. I would like to distant the issue of transversal insertion of another data, which invites to explore the issue on a different discourse.
MASTER THESIS
Regional Org. Countries
Ministry of Finance
Central Agencies
Other Ministries
Enterpreneur and SMEPolicies Accross Europe. Case Of Sweden. Report 2011.03 P.27 http://www.tillvaxtanalys.se/do wnload/18.56ef093c139bf3ef8 9029bb/1349864032932/Rapport_2011_03.pdf
Central Agencies AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
THE SKY (top-down) National Programmes
Regional Programmes
THE GROUND (bottom-up) Municipalities with own recources
EU structural Funds
Other EU Funding
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Regional organisations with own resources: Coutries Private Orgranisations
There is plenty of companies.
of the agency indicated the “growth� as the main drive for companies.
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This diagram shows that GDP increases by 2 million SEK per year, if one foreignborn is employed in small / medium enterprise
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GDP
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=
The parameters of the company might look like enormous, however this is the description of SME - small / medium enterprise, for which Swedish Agency for Regional and Economic Growth gives a lot of support and tries
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Injecting and Depopulating
Amount of Population, who is able to reach Service in max 5 min by car. Services: Grocery store School Gas station Medical Center
Impossible (0.6%) Possible in 4-5min (91.7%) Possible in 1-3min (7.6%) *Source: Rapport 2011.10 TillväxtAnalys
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
Internatioal Roads Mountain Line Boarder Norrland Boarder
Stockholm
Göteborg
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Malmö
In relation to this data of huge GDP support by hiring foreign-born there NO established organization(s) which sponsor and emphasize immigrant employment in Sweden?
We have a lot of free land and a huge potential for making hinterland the place for new identity - the place, scribed as the “multi-nationality”. To strive for multinational encounter -
ways to integrate immigrants to the
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while the investment injections are distributed in a way that they support urban areas with bigger populations, abandoned plots and vast degrowth in a small villages.
in which people are being trapped in es, mentioned above. People are forced to move towards shore cities line, and/or south of Sweden.
We need an alternative critical practice(s), which at a certain levels could be highly inter-related with the existing patterns. We need a leading “locomotive” to be able to fascinate.
MASTER THESIS
Injecting and Depopulating (Västerbotten land*)
*Tillväxtverket Report 2011 Investments in R & D by region map Gränsöverskridande forskning, innovation och utveckling Rapport 2013.04 http://www.interreg-oks.eu/se/ Material/Files/ÖKS/Rapporter/ Delrapport+2+Forskning,+inn ovation+och+utveckling.pdf
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*Trip through Hinterland by train towards Umeå City Movie Shots Personal Archive 2012.12
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If we zoom more closely on northern part of Sweden and Västerbotten land, we start to see investments which we were unable to recognize in the left diagram, since its so small. land of Västerbotten and explains idea of hierarchical description, by which injections take place in a certain location. A grid starts to emerge, an East – West route, and then a North-South.
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Lithuania Dependence on the Swedish Banks
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UNFAIR POLITICS OF BANK POLICIES:
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
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S|E|B Swedbank Nordea S|E|B Swedbank Nordea S|E|B Swedbank Nordea S|E|B S|E|B Swedbank ed S|E|B Nordea
MASTER THESIS
Swedbank Nordea
mln SEK 316
2011 JULY 01 12:08:09 http://www.respublika.lt/lt/naujienos/lietuva/verslas S|E|B
SWEDBANK NORDEA
S|E|B Nordea
+0.66% 1.5 1.4%
S|E|B Nordea
201
S|E|B Nordea
165 140 124 86
1.4%
1.4%
S|E|B Nordea 1.1%
1
Swedbank
0.75% 0.66%
0.66%
0.5
Swedbank
?.??%
Swedbank
2011 JULY 01 12:08:09 mln DURING 2010 SWEDISH BANKS LOST ON BALTIC COUNTRIES:
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DANSKE
CONTEST FOR TAKING LOAN OF LITHUANIAN SOCIAL INSURANCE GOVERNMENT COMPANY SO-CALLED “SODRA”. CONTEST WAS PREPARED FOR BANKS, THE AMOUNT OF LOAN WAS 1275mln SEK.
bln
80% OF THIS AMOUNT - S|E|B & Swedbank
MASTER THESIS
It is relevant for my project to explain Swedish Banks. The main banks performing as loan givers, business supporters etc. are Swedish Banks. While such dependency produces many problematic issues and
Sweden and Lithuania is facilitated. Swedish banks have a monopoly in the Baltic countries. It is not the case in any other European country. This is one of the reasons why bringing people from the Baltic countries to Sweden becomes even easier for Swedish companies. And it is easier, because companies
The Banks, which are in control of the Baltic bank markets
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
can pay them directly and easily in their native bank accounts. At the same time they are paid in their home currencies, which provides savings on tax for the company, which is located in Sweden. Tax difference between countries can be translated to insane amount of money. And this is the case, in interested in.
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Tracing the international competitionfor the banks and the unfair politics behind, exposing the way bank won the competition, without proposingof the best price. P.26
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These particularities are not accidental in my project. Since I am interested in the ways immigrants settle, inhabit and develop peripheric villages, it is relevant to trace the apparatus that makes all of that possible.
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Producers and Consumers of the Energy
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Swedens Export Map Shows exported production to another countries
However, Norrland is rich in production and resources. Gold mining, coal mining, forestry, steel products... energy production. Norrland produces so much energy that it can not consume it all on its own, so that it is transported to other places in Scandinavia which are unable to produce enough for their needs such as certain parts of Norway and the South of Sweden.
for the North but the interesting point is that the North is sending electricity southwards and the money revenues stay in the governmental capital of
Norrland does not need so much energy because of a scarce population but still electricity has become and invaluable product in the North of Sweden.
does not work.
There are two main clusters of producers and two of consumers. Hydroelectric power plants are located in the far north (close to Kiruna City) and the central North. The density of power plants is so high because it is same river for several power plants placed in a row. The consumption clusters are close to the Stockholm area.
the North, as there are schools, kindergartens, elderly places, hospitals, infrastructure, investment for building more power plants etc. etc. being built an d maintained. But in terms of
What one could be thinking of after such a statement, is that maybe north and south of Sweden could become independent territories under
How is it possible that, once again, the Northern part is in the state of giving, as it happens with the Norrland is constantly donating and nothing is payed back.
MASTER THESIS
Loss of Electricity Transmition in Sweden is kWh per year
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/sweden/ electricity-production-from-hydroelectric-sourceskwh-wb-data.html
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
5 billion
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Land of Potential. The Section
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Can we imagine a cross-section from the East Coast of Norway to Tampere City in Finland? Cutting through Mo I Rana (No), Storuman Town (SE), Lycksele City, H채lln채s Village, Vindeln Town, Ume책 City, Vaasa City (Fi) and Tampere City.
As predicted, the diagram shows the extreme difference in population and property prices. At the same time some more data has been placed on top of the ground surface: 840km of international roads between countries, no physical borders, 7.5% of Agricultural Land, but 67.1% of Forest Area. The predicted population (by the Agency for Regional Growth) will generate an even greater sprawl, but 90.1% of Sweden population are internet users.
MASTER THESIS
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
houses out of 10, but those houses are being progressively abandoned one by one.
l roa ona
d
rnati Inte
0km
84
Agricu
ltural la
18141
2207
7.5%
nd
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INTERNET USERS IN SWEDEN DISTANCES
40 km.
200 km.
103 km.
62 km.
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Above sea level Citizens Name
8513
Forest Area
Amount of average household price per 100 sq.m. Source: http://www.numbeo.com/propert y-investment/
cti
on
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
Se
Luleå
Po
sit
ion Umeå
Östersund
Gävle
Stockholm
Örebro
Göteborg
Jönköping
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Malmö
UMA
Forest area
67.1%
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15 km.
60 km.
217700 85000
65700 120 km.
240 km.
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309
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Amount of Citizens in Norrland of Sweden, containing 12% of the whole population. Sparsely populated Amount of Citizens in Southern part of Sweden, containing 88% of the whole population. Densely populated
MASTER THESIS
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Sections
Population and density in Sweden. Difference by 7 times
The section shows the potential that exists in certain areas for thinking about alternative ways of organizing life/living together, incorporating critical spatial practice in the construction of a new identity. However, the section is propositional. Many of them, cutting at different latitudes, would start to show the potentialities of the hinterland in the plan. I do that in order to locate myself, in which context(s) and overlapped realities we could operate in.
MASTER THESIS
Re-drawing Hinterland. Land of Potential & Urban Activity
Torsten from H채lln채s Village
Source :Tillv채xtverket REPORT 2011:06
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Urban Activity circles show how fast one can reach essential facilities Store, Kindergarten, Gas Station, Hospital Small Circle - 5min Medium Circle - 10min Large Circle - 15min
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Daniel (project manager from Martinsons AB sawmill) describes Sweden as one of the very few countries with
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nothing to do with being conservative (as this society is), but in fact the opposite. It is more about giving a word look at an example:
to a construction company. The Manager of the manager takes his new permanent marker and starts to cross-
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
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Sweden.
to keep an eye on it. The client reviews the project with pre-occupied pessimism - “there is something wrong,
MASTER THESIS
This is the case if we look closely on other levels. The Swedish Agency for Regional and Economic Growth
I believe that this happens precisely because of the reduction of the spectrum of the discipline. And indeed, the transdisciplinary practice which involves statistics, mapping, projective speculations and the performative is important for constructing the multitude. Could we take into consideration of the team of special-
world is dramatically changing. Or even worse - “Not the system, which is correct, but the people are the ones Slavoj Zizek, in his “On The Dark Knight Rises, Marijuana, Consumerism and Love (2012)” talk,
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changing like crazy all around the world”. *Personally, it almost ventures to the heading title of “Fast & Furious”
MASTER THESIS
Who fails to integrate? The system, which cannot cope with the complexities happening in the -
to bring it back
chical positions settles on the site for few months. Language is Broken English inside the construction site,
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
This makes an unbelievable process, when no law applies, no taxes are payed, all labour force sent to Swethe Manager. And this tiny bit of globalization is what drives and encourage entrepreneur (without any moral which is able to negotiate these issues? Is there a certain specialization? Architecture. blogs and texts.. I have to dissapoint you - this is not in the scope of interest anymore.
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Fasten your seat belts:
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*http://www.architekturtheorie.eu/archive/download/569/Criticism%20DEF%20copy.pdf
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CONTEXT REGION
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PART 2
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The Region
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H채lln채s
ROADS: E4 like road. International Importance
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363 like road. National Importance
92 like road. Local Importance (communication between municipal centers starting 1500inhb per center)
MASTER THESIS
Region, is generous in the sense of distribution of the roads and has potentials, in terms of availability for reaching At the same time, it particularly interested. And the land of potential has the periphery villages, which are being forgotten by the ones, who moves out. Therefore, the ones who makes a decision to then the ones which stays. Because
E4 like road. International Importance
363 like road. National Importance
92 like road. Local Importance
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
ROADS:
(communication between municipal centers starting 1500inhb per center)
Train tracks. National Importance
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Meanwhile in the corridors of Municipality.. Plankarta ÖP Vindeln
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Hällnäs
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Åmsele
Hällnäs
Granö
Vindeln
Tvärålund
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“Regional Development Plan” Municipality Archives.
MASTER THESIS
Meanwhile in the corridors of Municipality..
4
??? 5 6
3
2 1
DEVELOPMENT IN HÄLLNÄS (according to Vindeln Municipality)
“Development Plan” of Hällnäs. Municipality Archives.
This poor “Regional DevelopIt was designed by architects / engineers(name known*), after they only 1 team participating, so the
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all. This plan shows nothing more than infrastructure, geographical altitudes
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expose the immigration? The Development Plan for Hällnäs area and the Regional Development Plan are like brother and sister in regard of the amount of information and development of the future. One could even think that there is no future for this village: what is drawn and presented speaks of a dying village. Something which one has in sarcophagus, ready to bury. And, to be honest, maybe one
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
1. The village connects many paths, rail road and road 363 2. Hjuken can be supplemented with summer homes and accommodation for visitors for attractive activity 3. Nature reserves 4. Storsandsjon and lillsad lake can be developed further for holiday season 5. Handelsträdgården (Greenhouses area) 6. Cultural environment, the sanatorium
instead, as it can no longer act for
-
The legend on the bottom left corner (translated from Swedish) indicates
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for development here. Nevertheless, it indicates the main roads and the local roads, and it shows the train tracks in faded purple. First and foremost there are no indications of the presence and position of the multinationals living and working in
etc. It is not about believing whether these facilities can be implemented or not… it is about escaping the problems and struggles. Position-
holm or far North close to Kiruna.
*Moral stance and professional attitude do not allow me to reveal and expose the name.
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include the characteristics that describe the space. Even when they are not very pleasant ones. On the other hand, the map does not show any development but the current condition minus most of the problems that remain hidden. How can we imagine the Map, which
$350.000
HOUSE VALUE MAX
RENTAL COLAPSING HOUSES PROVIDED BY COMPANY HOUSE VALUE MIN
$50.000
LiAi AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
S Rent excluded from salary
LT
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Loan Policies. Peripheric Village Case
MIN
MAX
The situation in Hallnas is that houses are cheap[..]. Good - so the cost is low. The bad thing is that they are so cheap build something, it is the same amount of money if I do it in Hällnäs or I do it in Stockholm. The
of the land
. The houses are getting older and older,[..]
That
MASTER THESIS
if you do not maintain them.
. Björn Issackson : Owner of Greenhouse Factory
BUT
LAND VALUE
PAGE
$0.00 IMMIGRANT OR CITIZEN WHO WOULD LIKE TO BUY HOUSE IN PERIPHERIC VILLAGE
STOP FOR THOSE, WHO WANT TO TAKE A LOAN IN PERIPHERIC VILLAGE
MASTER THESIS
SVERIGES BANK
PASS FOR THOSE , WHO WANT TO TAKE A LOAN FOR HOUSE
It have to do with their internal statistic or something, because if they loose 100 thousand on a house it is calculated risk part of their money, [..]20% which is maybe acceptable, if they loose their money at Hällnäs it is 50% of Vindeln, they do not have houses which they own in a longer period, if they have a house in Hällnäs it can stay for a long...
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
Björn Issackson : Owner of
FAKE
=-
REQUIRED 50 000 SEK
NO LOAN FOR YOU
LiAi
FAKE
HÄLNÄS REQUIRED 600 000 SEK
= + HERE YOU GO... VINDELN
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TO SELL
Greenhouse Factory
2013
Björn Issackson : Owner of Greenhouse Factory
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AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
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2013
CCTVing the Village
It is mostly white, not because of the snow, but because of the corrugated steel sheets and polycarbonate that is all over the place. Both matericover the greenhouses that continue to grow The footprint of the arrival of the greenhouse factory traceable. If we look at the diagram of the last 100 years, we might see that the village starts to emerge mainly because of the wood production in those areas.
MASTER THESIS
start to operate around 1956. In 1985 different ecologies appear making the village much more alive.
700 people inhabit the village of Hällnäs. In 1999 the owner gave his place to his son. After a short period, approximately 80.000 m2 of greenhouses
the spaces that were planned in the “Development Plan” of Hällnäs. In-
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of emergency - stable forms which are able to face current realms. What one might recognize, while CCTVing the village, is the aban* Source :Daft Punk Song title
trucks when they move backwards.
to shrink, families move out, the company buys houses in the village and places the immigrant workers in it. Relations start to appear between the greenhouse factory and the inhabited houses. In 2013 those ecologies are lost, the company keeps on buying more houses, more greenhouses and more people from the East of Europe - “Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger”*
MASTER THESIS
Historical Overview of Tensions in H채lln채s Village
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
Source: http://www.abm.se/leopolds/ Vykort.Vasterbotten.html
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2013 MASTER THESIS
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Inside the Greenhouse Factory
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Labouring immigrants work up till 17h/day, having 3 breaks of 30
stand while working. Photos from Personal Archive
MASTER THESIS
Houses of the Greenhouse Factory Ready to be “Eaten”
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS LiAi
that investments will arrive last. But, in fact, these are the spaces where local ecologies actually develop. No one is taking responsibility to negotiate/take care of the local ecologies between the villages, so that de-growth and capitalism are at its peak. I started to think about re-structuring the local ecologies within village. Hopefully it will be possible, later on, to have tensions among the rest of the ecologies in the village and es-
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things such as processes / homes / environments / landscapes and even utopias could be plugged in. But for that, I believe we need a“starter” that could trigger the implementation of a new identity.
2013
by the “Swedish Agency of Regional and Economic Growth”. The village
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The property of the greenhouse factory. The immigrants who are coming to work only during the seasonal period live in those houses provided by the company . These houses are ready to be torn down, since the owner does nothing to keep them in good condition or “maintain” them. The price of each house is approximately 50 000 SEK. For the owner, as he explains, it is more economical to buy another one, than to maintain the existing ones. But what is the future of Hällnäs? When I asked this to the owner of the company he started laughing. But there is nothing to be happy or laugh about, since the implications of it are harmful for the village. The manner in which one. Also I see
AVERAGE SALARY IN LITHUANIA
AVERAGE SALARY IN SWEDEN
LiAi
AVERAGE SALARY IN HÄLLNÄS COMPANY
2013 UMA
Flow of Money, Labor Force, Production, Tax & Salaries
Boden Älvsbyn
Piteå
52000,-
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Skellefteå Lycksele
Vindeln 24000,-
Vännäs Umeå
Sävar Täfteå
15000,-
3000,0
MASTER THESIS
18 workplaces 67 employees 36 men 31 woman 309inhabitants 22 employees/100 inhbts 117.71 ha
Hallnas
Vindeln
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49
Umea
4008 workplaces 56435 employees 28561 men 27874 woman 115500 inhabitants 60 employees/100 inhbts 3345.62 ha
AVERAGE AMOUNT OF LABOR COMING EVERY YEAR
SV
SWEDISH GOVERNMENT OFFICER SALARY
Hällnäs
MASTER THESIS
Pajala
AVERAGE SALARY IN LITHUANIA
AVERAGE SALARY IN HÄLLNÄS COMPANY
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AVERAGE SALARY IN SWEDEN
Kiruna
Hemavan
Boden
Tärnaby
Tornio
Älvsbyn Luleå
LiAi
Piteå
Skellefteå
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Lycksele
Hällnäs Vindeln
Umeå
Örnsköldsvik OSTERSUND
2013
Vännäs
Sävar Täfteå
Hällnäs factory distributes their production to various cities(purple line). Money then drops into the Lithuanian bank accounts (red lines) of the immigrant worker. The factory saves on taxes that would other-
SUNDSVALL
vertical text). The immigrant workers move from Lithuania to Sweden (indication of LT), spending 1/4 of their time in Lithuania only, rest of the time they are PAGE
which provides enormous income for the factory(black diagram).
50
GAVLE
moves back to Hällnäs village, making
2013 UMA LiAi AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
Matthew Stadler : Where We Live Now: An Annotated Reader Rem Koolhaas P.361 11:10 -
MASTER THESIS
-
*Source: http://books.google.se/ books?id=r0x5_bJRtWIC&pg=PA361&lpg=
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modern,+and+will+always+remain+so.+Pos tmodernism+is+the+only+movement+that+ has+succeeded+in+connecting+the+practic e+of+architecture+with+the+practice+of+pa nic&source=bl&ots=K0rjLPPBAt&sig=RKKh
of%20choice%20is%20postmodern%2C%20 and%20will%20always%20remain%20 so.%20Postmodernism%20is%20the%20 only%20movement%20that%20has%20 succeeded%20in%20connecting%20the%20 practice%20of%20architecture%20with%20 the%20practice%20of%20panic&f=false
EXPANDED AREA BETWEEN 2000 - 2013 GREENHOUSE AREA BETWEEN 1956 - 2000
CURRENT CONDITION
MASTER THESIS
What if..? New Greenhouse Every 3 Months
SHRINKING VILLAGE
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IN 6 YEARS
IN 9 YEARS LiAi UMA 2013
IN 12 YEARS
IN 15 YEARS PAGE
FUTURE SCENARIO EXPLAINING THE IDEA OF GROWTH AND CONTROLLED EXPANSION.
2013
To detect the struggles and opportunities of the region lies in the ability of being rigid and consistent
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about the data. And certain data describes the certain topic. One of crucial topics is the relation between
b) The Flow of Money, Labor Force, Production, Tax & Salaries. These tensions, happened to increase
living?
Production. First and foremost: it produces the segregated community - different type of ecology. Immigrants are
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
directly communicating with the owner from their native country, in order to get a job. After they arrive,
- the very physical boundaries of the factory and its premises. And, to be honest, the ecology from the perspective of inside, is rich of its traditions - to meet, have the parties, spend free time together, help it extraordinary - the community can sustain on its own. Secondly: diversity of multinationals inside the factory interact in various ways, producing subjectivities. And the subjectivities have a characteristic of multiculturalism, but not vernacular traditions. At the same time they are being placed in Sweden. All of these things/ processes / people produce hybrid ecology. And important is that ecology is no longer associated with geographical location. One could say, that
The community remains elevated. buying any type of property, the only option is to rent from what the owner provides. The hands of the MASTER THESIS
ing units in the village. Therefore immigrants are dependent on the owners wish. From my own perspective, the dependency on the owner I see as a exploitation of the people. No one (out of the overall process of coming / living / working ) asks if immigrant would like to rent something else, than what is being provided by the company. At the same time salaries are just half of what Swedish citizen would earn. Instead, immigrant workers should get compensated by relatively cheap housing, but what happens is the exploitation of the full scope.
apparatus could have alternative ways of supporting the immigrant community and the small H채lln채s
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village.
MASTER THESIS
DESIGN NO SCALE
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
PART 3
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UMA
2013
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MASTER THESIS
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
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2013
-
MASTER THESIS
http://www.princeclausfund.nl/ urbanheroes/abert/texto4.htm “What Ever Happened to Urbanism?” Rem Koolhaas
-
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MASTER THESIS
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
LiAi
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2013
The situation in Hallnas is that houses are cheap[..] that is the problem. Good thing and the bad thing, good - so the cost is low. The bad thing is that they are
INSECTING BUILDING
SUMMER
NEW GREENHOUSE
PEAK1 TOPS S
PEAK1PARTLY S TOPS
HERBS/ ETTUCE L CONTINUE END OF SEASON
INSECT
HERBS/ ETTUCE L CONTINUE END OF LOWERS F
16 + 14 TAKING OVER
HOUSES ARE BEINGLOSED C FOR FALL PERIOD
would build something it is the same amount of money if I do it in Hällnäs or I do it in Stockholm. The value of the land is the one that differs. The houses are getting older and older,[..] if you do not maintain them. That what we do in Hällnäs, we “eat” the house, because no money is placed to maintain the house.
MASTER THESIS
Index of Interventions
LEFT OVER
16
FALL
SPRING
CORRIDORIAL SYSTEM
PEAK2 TART S
HOUSES
HERBS/ ETTUCE L CONTINUE START OF CHRIST M AS / NY
OPENS UPPARTLY LOTS OF LOTS S EMPTY
HOUSES STARTSTO WORK IN A FULL POWER
16 + 28 PEAK2 CHRIST M AS / NY
PEAK1 PEAK2 TOPS S CHRIST M AS / NY
START OF HERBS/ ETTUCE L START OF LOWERS F START OF SEASON
5. ABSORBING / LISTENING
9. SPECULATING
2. MEETING THE ACTIVISTS
6. WORKING IN THE FACTORY
10. INSERTING / RETHINKING
3. BUILDING THE GREENHOUSE
7. FOLLOWING / TRACES
4. DESIGNING THE OFFICE
8. SHOOTING THE MOVIE
HOUSES
1. INTERVIEWING
TIME
WORK
LOW MON EY F DURINGYEAR
1 Lucas: “ Do you know how many different immigrant nations lives in Hällnäs?” Linda: “I could think of 5 different countries living in Hällnäs”
15 Me: “Since Sweco is designing new master plan for Hällnäs, I’m interested in the perception of the
7
are doing it right or wrong, but I want to take a meeting, this information which you place on a table is important for city development, and architects who plan the city, should clearly know the immigra-
Me: “Yes, i think it is important that immigrants say here for years - they are part of contemporary realization of things, but I think it is important to raise the questions, so there is common idea of
Lucas: “What will happen with Sanatorium?? It is
11
12
9 Lucas: “I’ve heard a story about Russian family which stoped working at Hällnäs Company after two weeks, since they were not welcome at a factory”
Lars: “It has been such a thing - internet cafe, but it
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
Yes, we want few social housing units to be able to interact with immigrants more than we are doing
Lars: “I think there is segregation still here - Chinese and Thai are on the Sanatorium [on a hill] Hällnäs Company have a town of his own - his houses on his
Linda : “I think it is still very segregated, it’s been only 2 years, since I am introduced as Linda- the
17 Lucas: “It would be nice if many people from Hällnäs company could come to a meeting to see the new master plan and to talk about the issues related with village development”
how do we imagine public space? For me it is more a meeting place, not necessary it is something
Lucas: “First of all, all people who worked there, was
And we have a sauna in the end of the road, if you
6 Lucas: ”1987 i remember there were no immigration at all” Lucas: “Videln have Katrin’s Pizzeria where people asking how do you feel to live here - “The company is going great, but people are bad - they don’t like us”
18
5
Me: “Yes, I also stick to the idea that we need Me: “Do you feel that [during those years of expansion] Hällnäs was shaped by the huge company as well? Do you see it a positive or negative transformation?”
living in utopia”
I’m thinking about Sanatorium as a big apparments, own it and you can make it climatic /ecological
Linda: “ I think it is just positive” Lars: “We have berry pickers living in school and Sanatorium Building in a summer time, they are
4
having a party there, it have been twice - very few
Lucas: “We also have a library [which is opened 2 hours per week] and always when I go there it is exactly the same 3 - 4 people there”
16
14
Linda: “When we wanted to buy a house, they didn’t gave us a loan, they would give it for 4mln SEK in
Me: “But it sounds that in some ways close of the your kid everyday to Vindeln you just move there,
Lucas: “I don't think they move to Vindeln, I think Even banks is somehow moving people from small
3
Lars: “ If Sweco is planning houses here, no one will Me: “What do you think about expansion of greenhouses? It seems that company expanded in Lucas: “Yes it expanded when Björn took it over”
pizza’s or you sell coffee, it could be something
Lucas: “If you are planning to build a house here, you get free water and electrical installations”
need to go to gymnasium, then there is choice only
13
Lucas: “ When I moved here 1987 there were Coop Konsum and ICA supermarkets, Fire station, Bank, There was a plan to build high houses close to train
another huge company in summertime” Lucas: “They had plans to make Sanatorium as a
sale” Me: “Have you heard that municipality tries to close the school?”
Sanatorium, will have it as a temporary shelter for Thai berry pickers”
Lucas: “Yes, they are trying to close the school and
8 Linda: “What Lucas said that people moves here for cheap houses, thats true”
2
everything needs to go to Vindeln, why something Hällnäs, so why move alot of people there, instead
Me: “Mostly I’m interested in Urban Planning in
[laughing]” Lucas: “Hällnäs Urban Planning makes [village]
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2013 UMA LiAi AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
deployed on a pre-existing piece of land. Rather, it is a complex and relational
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MASTER THESIS
things and people, and is always material as well as cultural and political and technological and artistic and, and... It is a practiced practice, involving many different actors, people, institutions and apparatuses.
Immediate Architectural Interventions, Durations and Effects: Apparatuses, Things and People in the Making of the City and the World P.3 Alberto AltĂŠs, Oren Lieberman
Mhm,eventually..
In 20 years? Well it takes 20 years to eat a greenhouse...
And if I build a house like this it is 50 years, as a responsible bussinesman I can not build a house, because it is wrong horizon..
MASTER THESIS
1.Interviewing factory owner Björn Isacsson Interview with Björn Isacsson. Date: 2012.05.20 20:44 - 21:46
Yes.. House stays 50 years no matter how you do it..According to the economic conditions. You can not depreciate it less than 50 years.. BREAK OF 0:21 min
The houses are getting older and older,[..] if you do not maintain them. That what we do in Hällnäs, we “eat” the house, because no money is placed to maintain the house.
eteria) to spend money, but goes shopping - to ICA Maxi. (Umeå)
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
The situation in Hallnas is that houses are cheap[..] that is the problem. Good thing and the bad thing, good - so the cost is low. The bad thing is that they are so thing it is the same amount of money if I do it in Hällnäs or I do it in Stockholm. The value of the land is the one that differs.
We have library, it is opened between 18 and 20 every tuesday - two hours per week.. [...] Shop is the most important thing that we have
It costs money, [..] and they also say that this is cheaper.. It is only because they want to have a reason. Yeah, it is not cheaper They are cheating themselves..
LiAi
Yes, it is a collapsing system. This is the goal[..].. But if people are not living at all in the houses, it We had this also... we had Ick centrum,
than 18 yrs old) needs to be there.. Once a month
Then we have a new greenhouse complex in Lithuania(laughing)..
2013
They were just drinking...[..]meeting each other (place for leisure) and having some fun there.. center of Hällnäs.
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same. IF the houses are there, it is cheaper for people to live there..
Yes, it was. There were those meetings where we need to go, and we were too lazy to go to those meetings, so.... it died.
The reason why we want to tear that SEK into that building - renovate it.. If we use money to change paint on the wall, we can buy a complete new house. Heating is electric.. And we need that space, I can build a greenhouse there..
(Silence) BREAK OF 4:51 min
Mr. Architect, but we have Kristina, she have an apartment which we are renting, and she also has a house which they bought for 32.000SEK (very nice house) in Hällnäs, they have it because they need to have place for berry pickers. And the berry picking season starts
60
Greenhouses lasts for 20 years, that is the horizon..
[...] Why people moved to these places because we have free nature, which is public space...
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at the beginning of July, when our season stops. So we
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next year..
so we are using the area 2 times per year, not only once.. And then people can stay longer...
So our banking system do not support housing on rural areas, you need to have cash..
It is better to close barack (house nr:7) for
BREAK OF 12:02 min
LiAi
You can save money if you have cash, but if you are normal couple, that will have children, you need to buy car, everything from IKEA... The highest cost in your life is when you are between 25 and 35, that is when all the money goes out, so you can not save, because that is the time when you are spending..
That time of your life you really need a bank, and they are not there to support you.. was[...] 4/5 this weekend, they called me and asked “when
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
they have seen our products and they want to come here come here, they come when we are working, so they are disturbing us [...] Maybe it is possible to make some kind because you [...]” to be able to select when they can come, and to say that (for instance) at friday 16 friday 19 you have a special invitation, you are among happy 2307, who are allowed to come and have a look at our place, it is completely closed,
BRAKE OF 04:14 min You buy a ticket for 1 SEK, and then you can come, and special price only for you. Well known method, works Super (laugh). [...] Then we can have an instant sale, and after we can have a super sale[...]
Interview with Bjorn Isacsson 2012.03.26 19:16 - 20:04 [..] no, Those who want to settle in this area, they work with us, they come for short period, they stay for a longer
Now we have one guy - Kalin, he will marry Oksana[..], and they want to buy house, he had been looking at advertises everywhere, there are no houses in Hallnas for sale, so he had been looking in Vindeln, [...] and I say So I made some phone calls I found 4 houses for sale in Hallnas, between 50 and 350 thousand[...] private house, with their private area around..[...] I hope that.. he have not been to the bank, but he have relatives who can support him. Transport costs between Vindeln and Hallnas every day - it takes time and it takes money..
They have been living in Hällnäs, but then they bought house in Vindeln, we have : Giedre, Baiba, Diana, Zigmas, Violeta, Indre and Diana, Englishman.. He had cash, [...] and then he could buy house where he wanted to live, not where the bank wanted him to live.
No, it is not economic.. It is only I think they are scared, it is not possible to sell the house in Hallnas, in short period, but it is possible to sell the house in Vindeln in a short period, but the difference in prices are very big, and if they buy a house for 600 thousand SEK, and when they want thousand SEK,[...] gap it is 100 thousand SEK.. [..]it is not so much in %.. But if you have the same gap, if they accept to loose 100 thousand in Hallnas, means that they can give house for free..
have a work here so they want to have their own place,
Nice that you want to buy a house, and it is interesting that the house is in Hallnas, they cost 100/200 thousand SEK, which is very cheap, but we have a policy at the bank so you are not allowed to borrow 100 thousand to buy a house and pay from your salary[..] what we can do, is we offer to borrow you 600 thousand SEK and then you buy a house in Vindeln, because our policy say, that you can buy a house in Vindeln and that we will support,
MASTER THESIS
the bank and the bank says :
you have to pay the rent of the same salary,[..] mortgage, but your cost will be 6 times high.. But we believe that it is better for the bank that you have a cost 6 times higher, than you would have a house in Hallnas. So please... buy a house in Vindeln..
It is the same money...
I think it have to do with their internal statistic or smth, because if they loose 100thousand on a house it is calculated risk part of their money, [..]20% which is maybe acceptable, if they loose their money at Hallnas it is 50% of their value house in Vindeln, they do not have houses which they own in a longer period, it they have a house in Hallnas it can stay for a long...
they lose 50%, 2 3 year that they own the house.. But if you turn this to Swedish krona, [...] the problem is not so big as it can be..[...] So now that Kalin want to buy a house, it will be interesting project, I want to push the bank that they could borrow money for him.[...] BRAKE OF 2:13 min
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newspapers.. And this is because they know that couple wants to sell that house it is easier to sell it in Vindeln. MAybe they will lose 100 thousand, but that is only 20% of total sum, but if they lose 100 thousand in Hallnas, that is 50% of total sum.. If you have a house that is 6 times high in Vindeln, [...] I believe that it is easier for them to pay the mortgage in a very few years, compared to buy it in Vindeln..
body, who knows somebody.. 922 words
1
15
Lucas: “ Do you know how many different immigrant nations lives in Hällnäs?” Linda: “I could think of 5 different countries living in Hällnäs”
Me: “Since Sweco is designing new master plan for Hällnäs, I’m interested in the perception of the
7
are doing it right or wrong, but I want to take a meeting, this information which you place on a table is important for city development, and architects who plan the city, should clearly know the immigra-
Me: “Yes, i think it is important that immigrants say here for years - they are part of contemporary realization of things, but I think it is important to raise the questions, so there is common idea of
Yes, we want few social housing units to be able to interact with immigrants more than we are doing
Lars: “I think there is segregation still here - Chinese and Thai are on the Sanatorium [on a hill] Hällnäs Company have a town of his own - his houses on his
Linda : “I think it is still very segregated, it’s been only 2 years, since I am introduced as Linda- the
17 Lucas: “It would be nice if many people from Hällnäs company could come to a meeting to see the new master plan and to talk about the issues related with village development”
12
9 Lucas: “I’ve heard a story about Russian family which stoped working at Hällnäs Company after two weeks, since they were not welcome at a factory”
Lars: “It has been such a thing - internet cafe, but it
Lucas: “What will happen with Sanatorium?? It is
11 how do we imagine public space? For me it is more a meeting place, not necessary it is something
Lucas: “First of all, all people who worked there, was
And we have a sauna in the end of the road, if you having a party there, it have been twice - very few
6
Lucas: “We also have a library [which is opened 2 hours per week] and always when I go there it is exactly the same 3 - 4 people there”
Lucas: ”1987 i remember there were no immigration at all” Lucas: “Videln have Katrin’s Pizzeria where people asking how do you feel to live here - “The company is going great, but people are bad - they don’t like us”
18
5
Me: “Yes, I also stick to the idea that we need Me: “Do you feel that [during those years of expansion] Hällnäs was shaped by the huge company as well? Do you see it a positive or negative transformation?”
living in utopia”
I’m thinking about Sanatorium as a big apparments, own it and you can make it climatic /ecological
pizza’s or you sell coffee, it could be something
16
14
Linda: “When we wanted to buy a house, they didn’t gave us a loan, they would give it for 4mln SEK in
4
Me: “But it sounds that in some ways close of the your kid everyday to Vindeln you just move there,
Lucas: “I don't think they move to Vindeln, I think Even banks is somehow moving people from small
3
Lars: “ If Sweco is planning houses here, no one will Me: “What do you think about expansion of greenhouses? It seems that company expanded in Lucas: “Yes it expanded when Björn took it over”
Lucas: “If you are planning to build a house here, you get free water and electrical installations”
Lucas: “ When I moved here 1987 there were Coop Konsum and ICA supermarkets, Fire station, Bank,
Linda: “ I think it is just positive” Lars: “We have berry pickers living in school and Sanatorium Building in a summer time, they are
There was a plan to build high houses close to train
another huge company in summertime” Lucas: “They had plans to make Sanatorium as a
sale”
need to go to gymnasium, then there is choice only
Continuous intervention with activists in Hällnäs took place from March to June. We had the discussion on what Hällnäs could look like in the future, what is the struggles for development, what kind of patterns overlap,
MASTER THESIS
2.Meeting the Activists In Hällnäs. Lucas & Lars
village. After the long talks which were enacted with pictures and
13 that we were always talking mainly about four subjects - Public Space, Degrowth, Expansion and Segregation. Thats why map have 4 corners with the title of each. These were the issues which concernes me. Lucas: “We also have a library [which is opened 2 After all hours per week] and always when I go there it is of it i built up a circular exactly the same 3 - 4 people there” -
Me: “Have you heard that municipality tries to close the school?”
Sanatorium, will have it as a temporary shelter for Thai berry pickers”
Lucas: “Yes, they are trying to close the school and
8 Linda: “What Lucas said that people moves here for cheap houses, thats true”
2
everything needs to go to Vindeln, why something
Hällnäs, so why move alot of people there, instead
Me: “Mostly I’m interested in Urban Planning in
[laughing]” Lucas: “Hällnäs Urban Planning makes [village]
weeks, since they were not welcome at a factory”
Lucas: ”1987 i remember there were no immigration at all” Lucas: “Videln have Katrin’s Pizzeria where people asking how do you feel to live here - “The company is going great, but people are bad - they don’t like us”
9 Lucas: “I’ve heard a story about Russian family which stoped working at Hällnäs Company after two weeks, since they were not welcome at a factory”
4
problem of each subject) and I placed them in a map, which starts to talk back, since all the Linda: “When we wanted to buy a house, they didn’t makes a cluster in the problems gave us a loan, they would give it for 4mln SEK in middle, and opportunities seeks
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
6
Lars: “It has been such a thing - internet cafe, but it
The main problems relating the subjects states: And we have a sauna in the end of the road, if you Degrowth- struggle taking the having a party there, it have been twice - very few loan from the bank. Expansion of the greenhouses 15 -10 years ago, which depopulated the village. Lack of Public space, since all the activities which were established in 1985 happened to close, while library, as the only Linda: “When we wanted to buy a house, they didn’t public is opened only 2 gave us a loan, they would giveplace it for 4mln SEKfor in hours per week. Segregation, as the example Even banks is somehow moving people from small states of the immigrants having Lars: “ If Sweco is planning houses here, no one will their own business. “The business is going great, but people Lucas: “If you are planning to build a house here, you get free water and electricaldo installations” not like us..” Lucas: “First of all, all people who worked there, was
Lucas: ”1987 i remember there were no immigration
Me: “What do you think about expansion of greenhouses? It seems that company expanded in expansion] Hällnäs was shaped by the huge company as well? Do you see it a positive or
Lars: “We have berry pickers living in school and Sanatorium Building in a summer time, they are Lucas: ”1987 i remember there were no immigration Lucas: “Videln have Katrin’s Pizzeria where people asking how do you feel to live here - “The company is going great, but people are bad - they don’t like
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All the sessions of interview and discussion was at Lucas and Lars place:
Linda: “When we wanted to buy a house, they didn’t gave us a loan, they would give it for 4mln SEK in
Even banks is somehow moving people from small
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Lucas: “Yes it expanded when Björn took it over”
Lars: “ If Sweco is planning houses here, no one will Me: “What do you think about expansion of greenhouses? It seems that company expanded in Lucas: “Yes it expanded when Björn took it over”
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asking how do you feel to live here - “The company is going great, but people are bad - they don’t like us”
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Lucas: “Videln have Katrin’s Pizzeria where people
Lucas: “We also have a library [which is opened 2 hours per week] and always when I go there it is exactly the same 3 - 4 people there”
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Lucas: “If you are planning to build a house here, you get free water and electrical installations” Lucas: “ When I moved here 1987 there were Coop
MASTER THESIS
AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
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3. BUILDING THE GREENHOUSE
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While talking and exploring the city with activist, I realised that
myself. As well as more relevant
information, which concerns me. Then The interaction while building went really we developed idea of building the greenhouse as the way for me to being Hällnäs village in the 1985 was essential on the site -“inhabiting” the site and element for further explorations. making an experimental greenhouse.
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4. DESIGNING THE OFFICE
Owner of the greenhouses asked me the greenhouse. The whole project was separated into 2 periods. During
boxes not touching the ceiling of existing structure. In between of the boxes there will be common space. dedicated to the labour team to eat, relax, meet and have a common
postponed until September. Programme inhabits 10 people with
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solid volume without partitions . There is enclosed boxes for conference and the biuro of the CEO, therefore the ceiling of the box does There is a gap in between, which provides the feeling, that boxes stands in the one solid volume. On
Analysis of existing structures
Trip to Martinsons Sawmill with Björn
Example from trip to Barcelona
MASTER THESIS
Meeting with Björn. Discussion with model
Varitrans ComfortDrive
Fully automatic operating system for glass panel partitions
Dorma catalogues
002
001
Scandifasad drawings
89 1233
3700
2238.5
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Facade windows
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Objekt:
Nybyggnad Hällnäs
ObjektNr: 1062
System:
SFB 074
Antal:
Littera:
Produkt 001
Utv. kulör: RAL 9010 Vit
3
Inv. kulör: RAL 9010 Vit
3.3 Datum:
2013-02-27 19:29
Beredare: Patric Torle
1158.3
Skala: 1:X Revdatum:2013-02-27 19:57 Utskrift:
2013-02-27 00:00
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which I was constanlty in contact negotiating the project. “Martinsons” sawmill engineers Daniel and Linda, Nybyggnad Hällnäs Objekt: were ObjektNr: 1062 This project involved various actors. guiding me how to implement right4150 materials and consulting on 3 System: theSFB Antal: Labor Produkt 002team had their wish Littera: details. Utv. kulör: RAL 9010 Vit in the design, when having meetInv. kulör: RAL 9010 Vit ings and presentations for them. Skala: 1:X from other interventions, in terms of “Scandifasad” engineers helped me Datum: 2013-02-27 19:29 Revdatum:2013-02-27 19:57 and construction for it in the existing Beredare: Patric Torle Utskrift: 2013-02-27 00:00 fasade, in order to get light in the to administration, and the second dark space. one to labour team, the extension “Dorma” specialists (moving glass contains different social levels. Even walls and not transparent wall more, the labour team is on top of boards) advised on which operatthe administration, exposing different ing panel partitions should work the discourse and being ironic. best for industrial-agricultural like security and cleaning applies.
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The actors involved were Björn, the owner of the greenhouses, with
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Drawings made under label milimili.lt
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5. ABSORBING / LISTENING
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SUMMER
PEAK1 TOPS S
PEAK1PARTLY S TOPS
HERBS/ ETTUCE L CONTINUE END OF SEASON
HERBS/ ETTUCECONTINUE L END OF LOWERS F
16 + 14 HOUSES
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ARE BEINGLOSED C FOR FALL PERIOD
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FALL
SPRING
PEAK2 TART S
HOUSES
HERBS/ ETTUCE L CONTINUE START OF CHRIST M AS / NY
OPENS UPPARTLY LOTS OF LOTS S EMPTY
HOUSES STARTSTO WORK IN A FULL POWER
16 + 28 PEAK2 CHRIST M AS / NY
PEAK1 PEAK2 TOPS S CHRIST M AS / NY
START OF HERBS/ ETTUCE L START OF LOWERS F START OF SEASON
HOUSES TIME WORK
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MASTER THESIS
MON EY F LOW DURINGYEAR
6.WORKING IN A FACTORY MASTER THESIS
This intervention provided me the understanding of what labor in Hällnäs suffers from, and what they are happy about. work for half of what Swede would earn - this is still way more, than what one would earn in the native country. While workers understands that this apparatus is not fair, they
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This is the attitude, which can probably describe most of the factories based on the immigrant workers. However, one is not able to change the system, precisely because of the consensus between the Employer and the Employee. This issue could be changed on more governmental levels, where policies and law need to be in their places, in order to prevent these processes.
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the owner, and the leftover bit for themselves. Owner is not interested, weather one is happy about the sal-
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Very interesting and, I believe, important part of the project was to be enmeshed in a capitalist apparatus and see the way it works
At the moment, the idea of liberal, in terms of immigration and integration, one could call “chaos”, since enterpreneurs can operate in the “unfair” politics, and there will be no for them. PAGE
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7.FOLLOWING / TRACES
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Immediate Architectural Interventions, Durations and Effects: Apparatuses, Things and People in the Making of the City and the World P.5
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Alberto AltĂŠs, Oren Lieberman
8.SHOOTING THE MOVIE MASTER THESIS AUDINGAS SUMSKAS LiAi UMA 2013
My wish to reveal the aesthetics and politics of the space in Hällnäs in the “documentary” (of course it is subjective) pushed me to shoot the movie. It is not released and it will take time to do it, nonetheless by shooting stills and reviewing it
Camera always stays in the same position, there is three shots with different zoom, but capturing the same thing. And after reviewing the shots I liked the way they were made, so I hope to make an interesting movie. Captured so far : 9 h. PAGE
produce revealing information about the realities. Personal Archive. Screenhots.
I have tried to use one type
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9.SPECULATING. INSECT INSECTING BUILDING
NEW GREENHOUSE
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INSECT
TAKING OVER
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LEFT OVER
CORRIDORIAL SYSTEM
CORRIDORIAL SYSTEM
INSECTING GREENHOUSE
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Source: http://www.ecosol.org.uk/assets/images/air_source_system_layout_large.jpg
Greenhouses has enormous emmision of energy. Therefore it could be cheap and sustainable to take that energy back and re-use it. Greenhouses are covered with plastic or polycarbonate - both of
The Energy Map, which i have shown previously, states that the loss of transportation is huge. The loss is 7.4% of the total amount produced in Sweden. Only the loss every year could heat up 500 000 homes all year round. Should we And energy heat goes straight away re-think the idea of transportation outside. That is why my proposal instead of using energy locally? aims for collecting energy just before it moves outside.
Greenhouse heat
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MASTER THESIS
social housing unit heat Greenhouse
This picture shows the social housing unit in-between of the greenhouses. My idea proposes to use airsource pump installed in the social housing. Air-source pump could be connected to the pipes. The pipes, which are reinforcing the structure from inside (3) is able to collect the heat if we make holes in the pipe and start circulating it with a help of air-source pump. Diagramatic render from top with units for social housing. Under the thick slab - installments of heat collectors. Three vertical pipes in the render - pipes, collecting the heat
10.INSERTING. RETHINKING MASTER THESIS
Segregation. The Company / the village and the disconnection in between
The Break of the Disconnection
The Collaboration
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So if we are able to install the heat pumps and collect the energy, maybe we can heat all the village?
INSECTING GREENHOUSE
Then we could imagine that we place the greenhouse in between 2 of the
This also signals the enormous growth of greenhouses. I believe that the way to overcome the growth is - to direct towards the productive.
Website part of the Municipality states that they provide with free land, if they are planning to build the house on the land.
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for immigrants, for company, for the village, for the ecologies within small community of Hällnäs
Source: http://www.vindeln.se/
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CORRIDORIAL SYSTEM
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One can imagine the social housing unit, which sucks up the energy from neighbouring greenhouses. What if we try to imagine the inverse? Two residential appartments and one greenhouse in between??
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Finally the segregation between the company and the village can break and social unity come to Hällnäs.
Productive to the village and the company. Municipality in Hällnäs has free land. The proposition asks to establish the RELATION between municipality and the greenhouse company, so they have an exchange - greenhouse company gives energy free of charge, and municipality gives free land to company, so owner can build more greenhouses. Since the houses are heated for free more population would inhabit Hällnäs. There is no cost for spendings on heating in the winter. Immigrants, young families, students, academics, elderly could start moving to the village which is using alternative ways to re-use the energy. And the most importantly that this collaboration is completely free, it is just about arrangment of an
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2013 UMA LiAi
Commercial Function Facilities
Public Facilities
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MASTER THESIS
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Library / Theatre / Pool
Social Housing
Immigrants / Young Couples / Researchers
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Axonometry of the village
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2013 MASTER THESIS
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On the General Level..
And, once again, thinking about the ways to live in the potential land. I believe that growth of peripheric small communities can recover. For me it is just about the collaboration of different type.
If there is not, maybe this is the way for municipality to start thinking of the production of space. Maybe we are able to attract companies close near our villages, and establish the rela-
Because today, we are very autonomous even from one another. But I look closely to the achievements I have made so far, they have never been autonomous. There was always someone to help.
Companies like SAAB; H&M; VOLVO; FACEBOOK Servers; KOMATSU; SCANIA should be the targets for municipality.
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In the case of H채lln채s, factory and municipality need to establish the relation. The relation which is free, but would solve few problems at the same time. In the case of other villages in region, municipality need to search for the collaboration with companies. Close to village in Sweden, usually there is at least medium small size factory.
MASTER THESIS
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2013
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWwh4h8scSU Conversation transcripts with Reinier de Graaf|AMO
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1.Reinier de Graaf / OMA*AMO - SFU Dutch Design
2.OMA | Progress | Barbican
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6th October 2011 - 19th February 2012 Preoccupations
3.Strelka Education Report 2011 - 2012 cropmarks/1 Research Report Hinterland Rem Koolhaas Supervisors: Janna Bystrykh, Alexander Nikulin, Stephen Petermann 2012
4.The Mixed-Reality City
MASTER THESIS
Jesse Shapins http://jesseshapins.net/projects/ http://sel.fas.harvard.edu/courses.html
5.Re-imagining the (Post-)Industrial Periphery http://www.academia.edu/485360/Re-imagining_the_Post-_Industrial_Periphery Karl Malmqvist University of Gothenburg, Department of Sociology and Work Science Graduate Student
6.Lars Lerup Intervew
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iTUNESUNIVERSITY RED CORNER TALKS
7. Bruno Latour, Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory http://dss-edit.com/plu/Latour_Reassembling.pdf Oxford University Press
Site explorations in polarised Danish Urban Environment.
9.Helena Mattsson, Sven-Olov Wallenstein.
MASTER THESIS
8.Anne Tietjen. Towards an urbanism of entanglement.
Swedish Modernism: Architecture, Consumption and welfare state
10.Slavoj Zizek on Architecture and Aesthetics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1smmEFvQ2k8
11.Biennale Architettura 2012 - Crimson Architectural Historians http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9fsXXPYQD0&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPCCNmE7b9g
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12.Alain Badiou Interview
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xl0HjO_3IEc
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Marijuana, Consumerism and Love (2012)
Swedish modernism
2013
15.Helena Mattsson
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHy0DKX2iFs
Book of landscapes and critique
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2013 UMA
PDF; aaaaarg.org
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20.URBAN POLITICS NOW: Re-imagining Democracy in the Neoliberal City BAVO ed. NAi Publishers p.15
S,M,L,XL 124 Rem Koolhaas, Bruce Mau
22.Architecture As Political Practice Roemer van Toorn in conversation with Markus Miessen http://www.conditionsmagazine.com/archives/1472
23.Sustainability as an Aesthetic Problem April 21, 2010 Article by Gerard Reinmuth
MASTER THESIS
24. NORDIC Magazine, Journal of Architecture, NO1, Autumn 2011 Eeva Lisa - Pelkonen “ Architecture For Happy People”
25.Interview with Professor Saskia Sassen Transcripts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3myZjennxHE
26.Matthew Stadler : Where We Live Now: An Annotated Reader
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books.google.com
27.Stim and Dross Chapter: Lars Lerup on Sprawl http://www.architectmagazine.com/blogs/postdetails.aspx?BlogId=beyondbuildings blog&postId=104345
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28. After City : Lars Lerup http://books.google.se/books?id=KcE8rhQB0OIC&pg=PA47&lpg=PA47&dq=stim+ and+dross+rethinking+the+metropolis&source=bl&ots=jkeDzDz2qk&sig=9ovji8e4S eQkh1N8vo7EpNmPo4g&hl=en&sa=X&ei=c2ukUbPrMqWM4ASInIGgDw&sqi=2&r edir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
29.“Wicked Problems: Structuring Social Messes with Morphological Analysis” http://sendsonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/RITCHEY-WICKED-PROBLEMS-2005.pdf AUDINGAS SUMSKAS
http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/Books/architectureofcomplexity.pdf
31.Christofer Alexander - The City is Not a Tree not_a_Tree.pdf
32. Edward W. Soja - Postmetropolis. Critical Studies of Cities And Regions Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Year: 2000 LiAi UMA
33. Alberto Altés, Oren Lieberman Immediate Architectural Interventions, Durations and Effects: Apparatuses, Things and People in the Making of the City and the World
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