Quiz

QUIZ

1. What is not a feature of a prokaryote?

a. Nucleoid b. Mitochondria c. Circular DNA d. Peptidoglycan cell wall

Answer: b. Each of these is a feature of a prokaryote, except that they do not have intracellular membrane-bound organelles, including mitochondria.

2. What is not a main difference between prokaryotic DNA and eukaryotic DNA?

a. Prokaryotes are diploid and eukaryotes are haploid b. Prokaryotes have circular DNA c. Prokaryotes have few introns (noncoding segments) d. Transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes

Answer: a. Prokaryotes are haploid and eukaryotes are diploid, referring to the number of copies of the different genes. Haploid organisms have just one copy of a given gene.

3. What are the bacterial structures called in which there are channels made that allow for circulation of nutrients so they better reach the entire cluster of bacteria?

a. Bacterial mats b. Bacterial spores c. Biofilms d. Microcolonies

Answer: d. Microcolonies will form channels and a more complex structure that allows the better circulation and diffusion of nutrientcontaining liquids from the environment.

4. What is the main component of the bacterial cell membrane in bacterial organisms?

a. Triglycerides b. Free fatty acids c. Phospholipids d. Cholesterol

Answer: c. The membrane of bacterial cell consists of primarily phospholipids, which form a phospholipid bilayer, similar to other membranes, although the membrane structure of eukaryotic cells is somewhat different.

5. In bacterial organisms, where is the glycocalyx located?

a. Around the nucleic acids in the cell b. Around the cell wall c. Surrounding nutrient granules d. Consisting of nutrient granules

Answer: b. The glycocalyx is a layer surrounding the cell wall of the bacterial organism, forming a slime layer or sometimes a capsular layer.

6. What part of the bacterial anatomy is responsible for tetanus?

a. Endospore b. Attachment pili c. Glycocalyx d. Slime layer

Answer: a. Tetanus is caused by endospores created by Clostridium tetani, which creates the spores in order to survive in soil for many years until conditions are right for them to be infective.

7. What are bacterial plasmids made from?

a. Protein b. Peptidoglycans c. Carbohydrates d. DNA

Answer: d. Plasmids are extra-chromosomal DNA structures that confer certain properties on the bacterial species.

8. There are many ways that bacteria can get “new” DNA into the cell. What is it called when the bacteria take up foreign DNA into the cell walls from the environment?

a. Transformation b. Transduction c. Conjugation d. Transference

Answer: a. Transformation is when the cell takes up foreign DNA from the environment and uses the DNA as part of its own genome.

9. What is the major way that bacteria multiply?

a. Budding b. Hyphae formation c. Binary fission d. Fruiting body formation

Answer: c. Binary fission is the major way that bacterial cells divide and multiply, although it is certainly possible that specific organisms will multiply in any of the other ways as well.

10. What is the first step in binary fission?

a. Elongation of the cell b. Separation of the chromosomes c. Duplication of the cytoplasm d. Replication at the origin of replication

Answer: d. There is replication at the origin of replication, which is where the DNA starts to separate into two different chromosomes, which starts the binary fission process.