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Quiz
QUIZ
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a. Chloroplasts b. Mitochondria c. Nucleus d. Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: a. Chloroplasts contain the apparatus necessary for the capture of sunlight to make organic molecules through the process of photosynthesis.
2. Which organelle in a eukaryotic cell is responsible for making ATP energy to the greatest degree?
a. Golgi apparatus b. Nucleolus c. Mitochondria d. Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c. Mitochondria participate in several cellular processes that make ATP energy for eukaryotic cells. ATP can be made in other parts of the cell but mitochondria make the most ATP than other parts of the cell.
3. What organism is considered an intermediary between unicellular and multicellular organisms?
a. Slime molds b. Algae c. Mushrooms d. Bacteria
Answer: a. Each of these represents a single-celled or multi-cellular organism, except that slime molds are considered intermediaries between the two types of organisms.
4. What is another name for colonial organisms, as is seen in some protists?
a. Multicellular b. Biofilms c. Unicellular aggregates d. Pluricellular
Answer: d. Colonial organisms are considered pluricellular because they contain many cells but do not actually qualify as being multicellular organisms.
5. What is not a theory on how multicellularity occurred in the evolutionary process?
a. Cells that were identical formed a conglomerate that functioned as a single organism. b. A cell divided its nucleus but did not have a dividing cell membrane to make a coenocyte. c. Cells divided but did not physically separate. d. Cells of different organisms came together to function as a single unit.
Answer: d. Each of these is a theory of how multicellularity occurred except that it is probably not possible for cells of different organisms to come together as a functional multicellular unit. This would involve two different genomes coming together, which does not happen.
6. What is the main way that the evolutionary relationships between multicellular organisms is studied?
a. By looking at embryological development b. By studying the fossil record c. By examining DNA sequences of modern organisms and ancient organisms d. By looking at the morphology differences between modern organisms and their ancestors
Answer: a. Because the DNA of ancient organisms cannot be studied and older microorganisms did not leave behind a fossil record, most of the research is studied by looking at embryological development. Sometimes, biochemical differences between organisms are also used to look at an organism s phylogeny.
7. The phenomenon where an organism does things that benefits its close relatives is called what?
a. Parasitism b. Mutualism c. Symbiosis d. Kin selection
Answer: d. Kin selection involves the behaviors done by certain organisms that directly or indirectly benefit their close relatives. The more related the organism is, the greater is the benefit to it by the behavior.
8. What is the greatest advantage to the division of labor in an organism that is multicellular?
a. Increased ability to avoid predation b. Larger size of the organism c. Greater efficiency of the organism d. Greater mobility of the organism
Answer: c. The greatest advantage in the division of labor in an organism that is multicellular is a greater efficiency of the organism if some cells do one thing and other cells do other things.
9. What is not an example of altruism in a group of animals?
a. Sharing nesting space with others b. Raising another animal’s young c. Cooperating to get food for the group d. Warning others of danger
Answer: c. Each of these is an example of altruism except for cooperating to get food for the group. Part of the definition of altruism is that there must be a risk or potential risk to the one giving the help.
10. Under which situation will altruism be more likely to occur between organisms of a group?
a. There is a greater benefit to the recipient of the altruistic act. b. There is increased relatedness between group members. c. There is less relatedness between the group members. d. There is greater cost to the giver of the altruistic act
Answer: b. Altruism tends to be the greatest if there is increased relatedness between the group members. This is because it maximizes the chance of passing on the DNA of the giver and receiver of the altruistic act.
