Answers to Chapter Two

ANSWERS TO CHAPTER TWO

1. Answer: a. All cell types have DNA, membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm.

Prokaryotes, however, do not have a nucleus. These are only found in eukaryotic cells. 2. Answer: d. The cell membrane is the innermost layer, with the cell wall, capsule, and pili being outside of this layer. 3. Answer: a. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not contain ribosomes so, rather than making proteins as is seen in rough endoplasmic reticulum, it makes lipids. 4. Answer: d. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for sorting and packaging the different substances made by a given cell. The structures act as the “post offices” of the cell. 5. Answer: d. The centrosome has two centrioles as part of it. The centrioles are where the cell’s microtubules ultimately are fabricated from. 6. Answer: a. The animal cell will have a centrosome, which is not seen in a plant cell. On the other hand, chloroplasts, central vacuoles, and cell walls are seen in plant cells but not in animal cells. 7. Answer: a. Connective tissue is found in all areas of the body and is supportive, providing structure to other tissue types. 8. Answer: b. Epithelial tissue will line body cavities or overlie organs. It also is the major tissue to form glands. 9. Answer: d. Elastic fibers can distend up to 150 times their original length, making them able to distend in tissues that need this, such as skin and lung tissue. 10. Answer: c. Gap junctions connect myocardial cells, which coordinate their movements across a given area of the heart by sending molecular and electrical signals from one cell to another.