Apparel Merchandising Introduction Bextex Ltd. was incorporated in Bangladesh as a Public Limited Company with limited liability on 8 March 1994 and commenced commercial operation in 1995 and also went into the public issue of shares and debentures in the same year. The shares of the Company are listed in the Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchanges of Bangladesh. Bextex Ltd. is the most modern composite mill in the region. Bextex Ltd. has an installed capacity of 288 high-speed air-jet looms in its weaving section and a high-tech dyeing and finishing section with a capacity of 100,000 yards of finished fabric per day. This company is located at the Beximco Industrial Park. Bextex Ltd. has a state of the art composite knit fabric production mill, which serves the growing needs of high-quality knit garments exporters in Bangladesh. The project was set up as a state of the art knit fabric knitting, dyeing and finishing facility. During the year the Company produced and sold high quality of knit fabrics and bringing forth all the latest in hard and soft technologies in knitting, dyeing and finishing of knit fabric. Bextex Ltd. also has a cotton and polyester blended yarn-spinning mill, with 122,000 spindles is one of the largest spinning mills of the country. The mill was set up to feed the country's export oriented industries. Bextex Ltd. produces specialized finishes of denim cloth for export in finished as well as cloth only form. Beximco Corporate Profile Since independence Bangladesh has come a long way, and the Beximco Group of Companies is honoured to have had a role in the development of its parent nation. The Group has worked with a simple philosophy; identify an important need and then do everything possible to successfully satiate that need, in a manner which best facilitates the well being of the nation. As a result Beximco has focussed on those industries which give Bangladesh a competitive advantage in the global market place in many cases creating the industries for the first time in the region. Throughout its four and a half decade journey the Group has been one of the leading innovators in the country. Presently Beximco Group comprises twenty one companies of which five are listed with the Dhaka Stock Exchange employing over 35,000 personnel and is the largest private sector industrial conglomerate in the nation. . In the course of its growth, it has created industrial and management capabilities that will serve the country for generations to come. It was the first local conglomerate to embrace an international corporate structure which is the foundation of its success. BEXIMCO's industrial businesses include jute, textiles, basic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and ceramics. BEXIMCO's non-industrial undertakings are focused on real estate and construction, engineering, media, information technology, trading and financial services.
It is the creation and expansion of businesses critical to Bangladesh 's development, businesses, which are developed and run by Bangladeshis, businesses that develop technologies and practices specific to the needs of the country, which is the defining characteristic of the BEXIMCO story.
Mission Each of our activities must benefit and add value to the common wealth of our society. We firmly believe that, in the final analysis we are accountable to each of the constituents with whom we interact; namely: our employees, our customers, our business associates, our fellow citizens and our shareholders.
Vision To build a true marketing led enterprise with motivated workforce, innovation visson and more value added product portfolio, customer satisfaction and understanding of global market. To be one of best leading composite mill in Bangladesh. Gain market leadership in high value added apparel in USA and Europe. Use “Innovative and Speed” as prime drivers, rather than cotton and cheap labour.
General information of Beximco Textile LTd. COMPANY NAME
Beximco Textile Limited
CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS:
17 Dhanmondi R/A, Road No. 2 Dhaka -1205, Bangladesh Phone: 880-2-8611891-5, 8618220-7 9677701-5, 7701165
OPERATIONAL HEADQUARTER:
Beximco Industrial Park , Sarabo Kashimpur, Gazipur , Bangladesh .
FACTORY: DATE OF INCORPORATION: COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION: BUSINESS LINE:
Sarabo, Kashimpur, Gazipur 30 May, 1984 1990 Manufacturing and Marketing of Yarn, Woven, knit and Denim Fabrics.
LISTING STATUS: STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING:
Public Listed Company. Dhaka and Chittagong .
AUTHORIZED CAPITAL IN BDT: PAID UP CAPITAL IN BDT: NUMBER OF SHAREHOLDERS: NUMBER OF LOOMS woven INSTALLED:
3,000 Million Taka 1,882.50 Million Taka 37,929 293
NUMBER OF Spindles INSTALLED: NUMBER OF Denim LOOMS INSTALLED: NUMBER OF Circular knit Machine INSTALLED: PRODUCTION CAPACITY: NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES:
122000 56 30 28 Million Linear Meters 5,181
Factory Equipment: Different types of weaving, knitting, dyeing, cutting, sewing, finishing and generator machines are supplied from Germany,Italy,Japan,Taiwan,U.K,USA, Singapore etc. Production Capacity: 1 lac yards/ day (Woven dyeing) 12 tons/ day (Knit dyeing) Certification and Award: ISO 9001:2000 Certificate OEKKO-TEX Certified. Web site: www.beximco.org
Products of Beximco Textile Yarn Products Count - Ranging from 6 – 120 Fiber - Cotton ( super – combed, combed, carded) CVC - 60% cotton, 40% polyester TC - 65% polyester-35% cotton; 100% polyester both regular and sewing thread Lyocell, Tencel, Modal, Rayon, Viscose etc. Fabric Products Solid Dyed Poplins Twills Dobbies Oxfords Seersuckers Canvas Ribstops in 100% Combed Cotton CVC and CVS/TC Stretch Satten
Yarn Dyed Ginghams Stripes Fil-a-fils/End-on-ends Chambrays Seersuckers Pinpoint Oxfords Dobbies Plaids in 100% Combed Cotton CVC and CVS/TC Stretch Satten
Finishing Wrinkle Free Easy Care Peach
Dobby Designs Herringbones Bedford Cords/Coteles Waffles and various structures in 100%
Chintz Paper Touch Teflon Coated Water Repellent Water Resistance Rubberized Yarn Count Ranging from 7 to 120
Combed Cotton CVC and CVS/TC
Knit Products Jersey : In 100% Combed Cotton, CVC, CVS/TC, and Lycra mix Polo Pique : In 100% Combed Cotton, CVC and CVS/TC Back Pique : In 100% Combed Cotton, CVC and CVS/TC Herringbone : In 100% Combed Cotton and CVS/TC Popcorn : In 100% Combed Cotton and CVS/TC Bubble Knit : In 100% Combed Cotton, CVC and CVS/TC Crepe : In 100% Combed Cotton and CVS/TC Engineering Stripe : In 100% Combed Cotton and CVS/TC Feeder Stripe : In 100% Combed Cotton and CVS/TC Auto Stripe : In 100% Combed Cotton and CVS/TC Rib : In 100% Combed Cotton and CVS/TC Jacquard : In 100% Combed Cotton and CVS/TC Denim Products Chambray : In classic indigo colours ranging from 4oz to 5.5oz/Yd2 Denim (blue) : In classic indigo colours ranging from 4oz to 15oz/ Yd2 Denim (black) : In sulfur black colour ranging from 4oz to 15oz/ Yd2 Coloured Denim : In a variety of colours - both in sulfur & reactive dyes(warp dyed) Overdyed Denim : In a variety of colours on indigo blue & sulfur black Bull Denim : In a variety of reactive colours ranging from 10oz to 13oz/ Yd2 (piece dyed Stretch Denim : In classic indigo colours ranging from 4.5 oz to 13.75 oz/Yd2 Special Yarn Products Plied Yarn, Fancy Yarn, Slub Yarn (7's to 20's), Stretch both Lycra (10's to 40's) and Spandex and other Core Spun, Multi count, Multi Twist etc. Production Bextex Ltd. is a fully vertical unit from Yarn Spinning to Apparel Manufacturing, Printing, Washing and Packaging. Yarn Spinning * Printing Fabric Weaving * Embroidering Processing and Finishing * Washing Apparel Manufacturing * Packaging
Beximco Partners with Major Retailers & International Brands
Springfield
VAN Heusen
Calvin Klein
DKNY
Zara
J.C. Penny
Next
IZOD
Arizona
H&M
Geoffory Beene
St. Johns Bay
Mother Care
Arrow
J. Ferrar
Bershka
Kenneth Cole Reaction
Decree
ESPIRIT CHAPS CUSTOMERS OF BEXIMCO INDUSTRIAL PARK Buyer Name of beximco industrial park:
Levis
American Division Buyer CATO BELK FREDMAYER IT'S FASHION MOTHERS WORK LASENZA MERVYNS LEVIE'S MEXICO BE ALLS Europe Division Buyer WE OKADI PIMKIE ORSAY KIABI NKD PROTEX PROMOD BERNARDI Centrale D'achats Zanier KAPPAHL
Merchandising practiced in Beximco Industrial park In Beximco Industrial Park merchandising are practiced in a very good and disciplined way. There are a lot of merchandisers in Beximco Industrial Park. All the merchandiser’s works as a team and in every team there are one team leader who controls the entire team. the process of merchandising in Beximco Industrial Park are like this------At first the top management of the Beximco Industrial Park fix an order after a negotiation with buyer. Then the top management hand over the order to the merchandising team leaders. After that the team leader distribute the orders to their team members. After that the team members start their activities. The merchandisers identify their activities. they separate the
different working regarding to the ordered product. In an order there may have some print, embroidery or other things. There are several sections in Beximco Industrial park to produce a complete product like as-printing section, embroidery section, cutting section, swing section, knitting section, woven section, sample section, spinning section, wiving section, finishing section, and so on. To get an approval por the final production the Merchandisers had to make several kinds of samples like as fitsample, salesman sample,pp sample, shipment sample etc. Than the merchandisers put order to fit sample to the sample center. The sample people cut the fabrics, if there are any print or embroidery in the ordered product then the sample people sent the fabric in printing section for print or embroidery and the embroidery and print section complete the print and embroidery and send the fabric to sample people.The prints are available in the product order are send to the buyer in some small pitch of fabrics after making print in the fabric pitches.Embroideries also sed for buyers approval. Sample people prepare the sample and the merchandiser sends the fit sample to the buyers approval. If the fit sample get the buyers approval than buyers asked the merchandisers to send the pre production sample (pp) . the merchandisers than send the pp sample for buyer approval . If the buyer approve the pp sample than the merchandisers start the bulk production. Bulk production is done in a systematic manner. For bulk production the people s of fabric marketing supply the fabric to the production factory. The merchandisers than make booking for the trims and accessories and other things relating to the production of ordered product. The fabric are cut in the cutting section of the production factory. If there are any print in the garment than the fabric are send to the printing section and if there are any embroidery in the fabric than the fabric are send in the embroidery section. After completing print and embroidery the swing section start the swing of the garments after completing the swing the garments are send to the finishing section. From finishing section the complete garments are packed and made ready to send the product to the ultimate buyers. Usually the products are send to the buyer by ship but sometime if the producers cannot produce the goods in due time than the products are send to the buyer by Air. Like this way merchandising are practiced in Beximco Industrial Park.Some time when the order accedes the production capacity of beximco than the merchandisers produce their products in subcontract factories. Merchandising: Garment merchandising is an intricate and detail oriented job. If it can be done properly can be very rewarding. On the country, if it is done with lack of knowledge, insufficient skill and thoroughness, it can be destructive. In ESSES Fashions Ltd. very skilled and experienced personnel run the merchandising section. After receiving an order, the merchandiser with the help of pattern master calculates the total consumption of fabric. Then according to the cost detail sheet and the price mentioned by the buyer costing is done. After the price is negotiated with the buyer order is placed to the suppliers of raw material and accessories. The manufacturing factory as per the requirement suppliers the fabric and a ledger is maintained regularly to assess the production status. The accessories such as label, button, zipper, sewing thread, packing materials are collected from outside [sometime mentioned by the buyer] through back-to-back L/Cs. The merchandising department also looks for the sources for procuring yarns to produce fabric. Merchandising section monitors the production status regularly and ensures timely delivery of the shipment. Garments merchandising is job to buy raw materials and accessories, producing garments, maintaining required quality level and exporting the garments within schedule time.
Merchandiser: Merchandising means buying, producing and selling some goods, products or services for local or international market. A person who is related with these activities is known as merchandiser Merchandising a win time This presentation is to stress the area’s that has to be improved in the merchandising department at our office. We need to work on a system to manage our time and make sure that quality garments are delivered on time to all our customers. We should be more professional on our follow-up, so our customers will have faith and confidence on us, and place more order with WINTIME. Work of the Garment Merchandiser: Procuring of Order. Procuring of Raw Material. Production of Garments. Shipments of Garments. Receiving of payment for Garments. A Merchandiser should: Always work SMART, than hard. Good knowledge on English Language in both written & spoken. Be very good Time Manager. Take satisfaction on their work and not on their position. Be effective team players. Know the email writing techniques. Know the wor ld map & all sea and air route. Know all Fibers (Natural, Animal, Mineral, Synthetic Fiber) Know all type of woven and knit fabric. Know all Sea & Air Freight Forwarder. Know all Feeder and Mother Vessel schedule. Keep update records of Container changes (20feet, 40 feet, 40 feet High Cube, 45feet High Cube) Keep records of all good printing & Embroidery factories. Keep records of all factories of Hanger, Labels, Laces, Elastic, Poly, and Cartons etc‌. Keep records of all Spring Mills, Dyeing Factories with their machine & production capacity. Acquire good knowledge on Consumption and Costing. Keep commitment with Buyer and Supplier. Make a habit of replying all mills without waiting any time. Always show positive attitude to resolve all problems. Be sincere to your duties. Be responsible. Always check all booking of fabrics and accessories before and after sending. The activities of merchandisers:
To perform any work in efficient way needs planning and to do planning needs some deduction and to find out the deduction needs analysis. Garments business is a complicated business and it is a one man show work rather a team work. Different teams, different organization, different institutions, different agencies, different shipping and air lines are involve to complete one garments for shipment. If anywhere any person not performing his duties with sincerity than the whole effort may be in futile. To execute any order without much difficulties all buyers are giving purchase contract for each and every order with all details. Before going to analysis the purchase contract let us see what all are the mills, industries, agents, people etc are directly or indirectly involve in garments business. Cotton farmer and harvesters, industries of artificial, mineral and animal fibers. Agents involve in marketing the fibers. Carrying agents of air and see (shipping lines and air lines) Spinning Mills and Industries Fabric knitting factories Fabric dying and finishing industries Industries producing dyes and chemicals Lab- testing organization (ITS, MTL, SGS etc) Accessories Manufacture (all labels, zipper, buttons, all tags, laces, elastics, draw- strings) Packing material manufacture Swing and embroidery thread manufacture Garment manufacture Washing plant, printing factories, Embroidery factories Local and International carrying agents of garments Freight forwarding and stuffing agents. A good and efficient merchandiser must know all the above organization and their working procedure and must build up a good relationship for his merchandising carrier. The rise of the 72 Sub-Saharan and Caribbean countries after TDA 2000 with quota free and duty free access to the US Market. Gradually easing and lifting quota and emergence of China as mightier RMG manufacture and exporter to benefit form the quota free business environments Ever increasing cost of production In Bangladesh due to constant rise of prices of utility and other services, etc The fact that majority of the RMG manufactories of the country still remain less efficient and poorly managed Recession in the USA The catastrophic effect of September the 11th attack on the world economy. Job responsibilities of Merchandising Team: Development and costing Reviewing the development packs RCVD from buyer. Put the developments into work with product development team. Clarify all necessary info with buyer as much as possible.
Follow up on the delivered sample deadline. Work out the initial costing (all costing must be checked by merchandising manager) Price negotiates on with buyer. Follow up with buyer reg. The feedback of the sample and costing Order confirmation Quoting the delivery dates to buyer after checking factory’s capacity situation. Checking all the details in the order sheet once received form buyer. Communicate with buyer reg. Any discrepancy in the order sheet. Passing the correct order sheet to all concerned dept i.e. planning, production, commercial etc. Sampling Updating production development tem reg. Different sample requirement of buyer at various stage (sales man, fit , size set, pp sample etc) Coordinating all fabric + trims which are required for sampling purpose. Coordinating print, embroidery, wash for sampling. Checking all the technical aspects of samples before releasing to customer. Checking all the aesthetic aspects of samples before releasing to customer Checking the quantity requirement of each sample. Checking the necessary paper work of reach sample. Follow up the buyer reg. Each sample comments. Bulk fabric Work out the consumption for each new style from CAD. Provide fabric booking to fabric department with correct quantity and all necessary information. Follow up on the lab dips/ strike off submission and chase approval comments. Follow up on the fabric delivery against critical path Follow up on all fabric approval related issues. Prioritizing the fabric delivery schedule based on the garment delivery dates. Bulk trim Preparing the cost sheet/ check list for individual trims required for a style. Chasing the trim details from the buyer. Submitting required trims to buyer for approval. Provide booking for individual trims to the approved source. Chasing the P/I from the most ensure on time delivery. Monitoring the B/B L/C or TT payment status. Sourcing all trims form the most commercially viable source. Follow up with suppliers to ensure on time delivery. Liaise with store in order to ensure all trims RCVD in correct quantity and quality. Establishment Chasing the correct artwork for all print/embroidery from buyer. Developing the design in the best possible method Provide capacity booking to print /embroidery plant in advance. Submitting print/embroidery strike off for buyer’s approval Passing approved copy of the strike off to the print/embroidery plant. Negotiating the price with the subcontractors. Monitoring the panels sent and receive dates to ensure smooth production flow
Communicate with supplier for general issues. Filing & correspondence Maintaining style file for all running orders Maintain the development file. General correspondence with buyer and suppliers. Critical correspondence with buyer and suppliers Weekly updates for buyer, such as audit schedule, production status etc. Meeting Meeting with foreign buyers and suppliers. Meeting with local buyers and suppliers. Internal meeting with production, planning, quality, commercial and HRD. Merchandising: chronological processes: Salesman samples, Counter samples, Approval samples, Photo samples, Pre-production samples, Production samples, Shipping samples.
Salesman Samples Counter Samples Approval samples Photo samples Pre-production samples Production samples Shipping samples
Swatch and Trims, Trims related affairs, Communication in international business.
Sample: Reference garment corresponds to >The artwork (styling) done by designer and developer. > Particular purchase order. > Any revision to the style works. > Conform with any specific requirement >Etc. Sourcing of sampling: First pattern:
The first physical version of any garment as per artwork done by designer and developer. Human mind → Sketch→ Paper Pattern → Sample Purpose : See the design work and test the fitting. Status : Nothing specific Material : Available Price : Not confirmed Quantity : One for customer and one for merchandiser Delivery : As early as possible Second pattern: Usually designer or developer always asks for some changes to the first pattern. Second pattern is made as per comments. Counter sample: Where first pattern is made on designers artwork, counter sample is to make not on designer’s artwork, has to follow another sample given by the merchandiser. Purpose : See the workmanship test the factory skill Status : Nothing specific Material : Available Price : Not confirmed Quantity : One for customer and one for merchandiser Delivery : As per request Salesman sample: Sample is made when price is confirmed and orders are on speculation, usually in L size in all color combinations of expected order. Buyer held a meeting with its customers and records their response on order quantity per color, size etc and finally place order to their vendor Purpose : Sales meeting by retailers market appraisal demand Status : Final stage of the order confirmation Material : Actual Price : Confirmed Quantity : There is minimum quantity per color combination Delivery : Very important to meet the delivery date Photo sample: Samples are made with actual color and material to be worn by the models on the event of shooting for catalog. Approval sample: In any discrete period of time, whenever it required any revision in the sample, a new sample is made (some times mock-up is workable too) as per new specification. It is sent to buyer for his approval of the conformity that the revision is done correctly. Pre-production sample: When material for bulk production arrived, factory makes a sample with the actual material and send to buyer. Production sample: It is a reference to the buyer that the bulk is being produced as per specifications Buyer wants to be assured that correct material is sourced and line workmanship conformed to the quality level.
Shipping sample: A sample is kept from every pre shipping inspection to be referred, if required, after the order had been delivered. Usually for any disputes (e.g. claim) shipping samples is important. Swatch: Swatch is a presentation of all the material is (Fabric and Accessories) used for any specific style order. Usually small piece of fabric and each piece of accessories are attached in board paper in a systematic manner. Swatch is very important for production line to make the correct construction of a garment and QC department ensures it. Concerned merchandiser should confirm approve the swatch. Trims: Trims cover all the items used in the garment expects the basic fabric. There are hundreds of items used to manufacture the garments. Proper selection of trims and its quality are very important for styling; otherwise the garment may be rejected or returned by the customer. Following is a part of list that covers some names of the trims: 1. Zipper/Fastener: Teeth : Nylon, Vislon, Metal Color : Tape color, Teeth color Size : #3, #5, #8 etc Length : As per requirement 18 cm, 72 cm, End : Close end (C/E), Open end (O/E) Slider : One way, reversible 2. Sewing thread: Shade, color fastness etc. Tensile strength, Elasticity, Shrinkage, Moisture Regain, abrasion, Resistance etc. 30s, 60s, 20s/2, 40s/9 etc. 3. Labels : Main, Size, Care, Content, price, patch etc. 4. Button : Horn, Metal etc. 5. Elastic : Cotton, Polyester etc. 6. Eyelet : Antique Matching etc. 7. Velcro : Hook & Pile 8. String/Cord : Cotton, Polyester etc. 9. Tags : Price tag, Hand tag 10. Sticker : Hook & Pile 11. Polybag : Chemical mixture, Thickness ( micron/mm: 1mm =1000 micron) Elasticity, Transparent, LDPE ( Low Density Poly Ethlene) PP ( Poly Propylene) 12. Blister bag: (0.5) loaded capacity is higher than polybag 13. Carton 3ply, 5ply, Size (L,W,H) 14. Gum tape 15. Scotch tape 16. Tag Pin 17. Plastic clip 18. Hanger Merchandiser activities start from collecting order to place the order. Meanwhile he has to do lot of work. These are given below step by step: Sketch
At first buyer send a sketch like this:
Shipping Carton Sketch Here merchandiser follow shipping carton mark which is also has to given by buyer l
Details of Fabric and its construction OF BEXIMCO TEXTILE: POPLIN (SOLID DYED,YARN DYED & PRINTED): COMPOSITION 100% CTN POPLIN, PEACH 100% CTN POPLIN,NON PEACH 100% CTN POPLIN, PIGMENT DYED 98%CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH POPLIN 100% CTN POPLIN, PEACH 100% CTN POPLIN,NON PEACH 100% CTN POPLIN, PIGMENT DYED 100% CTN POPLIN, PEACH
CONSTRUSTION 32X32 / 130X70 32X32 / 130X70 32X21 / 140X70 32X32+40D / 133X72 32X21 / 140X70 32X21 / 140X70 32X21 / 140X70 32X16 / 120X66
100% CTN POPLIN,NON PEACH 100% CTN POPLIN, PIGMENT DYED 100% CTN POPLIN, PEACH 100% CTN POPLIN,NON PEACH 100% CTN POPLIN, PIGMENT DYED 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH POPLIN 100% CTN Y/D POPLIN 100% CTN Y/D POPLIN 100% CTN Y/D POPLIN 100% CTN Y/D POPLIN 100% CTN Y/D POPLIN 100% CTN Y/D POPLIN 100% CTN POPLIN, PEACH 100% CTN POPLIN,NON PEACH 100% CTN POPLIN, PIGMENT DYED 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH POPLIN 100% CTN POPLIN 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH POPLIN CVC / T/C: COMPOSITION CVC POPLIN CVC POPLIN CVC Y/D POPLIN T/C (65/35) T/C (65/35) T/C (65/35) T/C (65/35) T/C Y/D FABRIC T/C Y/D FABRIC T/C Y/D FABRIC
composition CTN / NYLON TWILL CTN / NYLON TWILL CTN / NYLON TWILL CTN / NYLON TWILL CTN / NYLON TWILL CTN / NYLON TWILL composition 100% CTN CANVAS 100% CTN CANVAS 100% CTN CANVAS 100% CTN CANVAS 100% CTN CANVAS
32X16 / 120X66 32X16 / 120X66 40X40 / 133X72 40X40 / 133X72 40X40 / 133X72 40X40+40D / 133X72 40X40 / 110X70 40X40 / 120X70 40X40 / 1208X80 40X40 / 133X72 50X50 / 144X76 50X50 / 133X76 50X50 / 140X80 50X50 / 140X80 50X50 / 140X80 50X50+40D / 144X88 60X60 / 90X88 60X60+40D / 170X76 CONSTRUSTION 45X45 / 100X70 45X45 / 110X76 45X45 / 110X70 45X45 / 110X76 45X45 / 133X72 45X45 / 96X72 45X45 / 88X94 45X45 / 110X70 45X45 / 110X76 45X45 / 120X70
CONSTRUSTION 70DX21S / 144X86 70DX21S / 150X84 70DX32S / 140X100 210DX10S / 110X50 32X140D / 106X64 32X100D / 133X86 CONSTRUSTION 16+16X12+12 / 108X58 16+16X 16+16 / 108X58 20+20X7 / 116X42 32/2X16 / 96X46 21/2X10 / 70X42
100% CTN CANVAS 100% CTN CANVAS 100% CTN CANVAS 98% CTN 2%SPANDEX STRETCH CANVAS 98% CTN 2%SPANDEX STRETCH CANVAS 98% CTN 2%SPANDEX STRETCH CANVAS 98% CTN 2%SPANDEX STRETCH CANVAS COMPOSITION 100% CTN TWILL 100% CTN TWILL 100% CTN TWILL 100% CTN TWILL 100% CTN TWILL 100% CTN TWILL 100% CTN TWILL 100% CTN BROKEN TWILL 100% CTN BROKEN TWILL, PEACHED 100% CTN BROKEN TWILL 100% CTN BROKEN TWILL 100% CTN TWILL,3/1 100% CTN TWILL,3/1 BABY TWILL, 100% CTN BABY TWILL, 100% CTN SLUB TWILL SLUB TWILL 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH TWILL 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH TWILL
10X10 / 70X42 21+21X10 / 118X35 21+21X16+16/ 133X64 32X32+40D/ 160X60 21+21X16+16+70D / 144X64 12+12X16+16+70D / 100X50 20X16+70D / 117X60 CONSTRUSTION 20X20 / 108X58 32X32 / 130X70 21X16 / 128X60 16X12 / 96X48 16X12 / 108X56 10X10 / 70X40 7X7 / 70X42 32/2X12 / 86X86 32/2X12 / 86X86 16X16 / 90X86 16X12 / 90X102 32/2X32/2 / 120X54 21X7 / 135X46 40X40 / 175X98 60/2X60/2 / 150X78 16X16SB+12 / 80X64 12+8SBX12+8SB / 82X56 10X10+70D / 94X92 10X21/2+70D/ 90X40 20X16+70D / 94X92
98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH TWILL 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH TWILL 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH TWILL 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH TWILL 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH TWILL 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH TWILL 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH TWILL 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH TWILL 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH TWILL 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH TWILL LINEN, LINEN/CTN & LINEN/VISCOSE: COMPOSITION 100% LINEN 100% LINEN 100% LINEN 100% LINEN 100% LINEN 100% LINEN 100% LINEN
32X32+40D / 150X92 16X16+70D / 118X42 16X16+70D/ 95X45 21X16+70D / 114X46 20X16+70D / 128X45 32/2X10 +70D / 120X50 32X32 + 40D/ 185X76 32X32+40D/ 156X60 32X16+70D / 162X48 CONSTRUSTION 6X6 / 41X35 7X7 / 37X32 12X12 / 48X46 13X13 / 54X54 14X14 / 54X54 14X14 / 47X42 20X20 / 48X46
100% LINEN 21X21 / 53X54 LINEN / CTN (55/45) 10X10 / 44X38 LINEN / CTN (55/45) 11X11 / 51X47 LINEN / CTN (55/45) 11X11 / 64X50 LINEN / CTN (55/45) 20X20 / 60X58 LINEN / VISCOSE (55/45) 10X10 / 44X38 LINEN / VISCOSE (55/45) 10X10 / 44X36 100% RAMIE 11X11/ 44X54 100% RAMIE 21X17 / 53X54 100% RAMIE 21X21 / 60X60 100% RAMIE 21X21 /58X58 RAMIE / CTN (55/45) 11X11 / 51X47 DENIM: All kind of regular, slub, ring slub, cross slub, color and herringbone denim we do from 4.5 oz to 14.45 oz are given below composition: # 100% CTN DENIM #98% CTN 2% SPANDEX DENIM # CTN/POLY DENIM # RAMIE /CTN/POLY DENIM # RAMIE /CTN DENIM # CTN /POLY / SPANDEX DENIM # BROKEN DENIM # RAMIE /CTN /POLY /SPANDEX DENIM CORDUROY: COMPOSITION 100% CTN CORDUROY, 6W 100% CTN CORDUROY, 8W 100% CTN CORDUROY, 11W 100% CTN CORDUROY, 14W 100% CTN CORDUROY, 16W 100% CTN CORDUROY, 18W 100% CTN CORDUROY, 21W 100% CTN CORDUROY, 21W 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH 8W 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH 11W 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH 14W 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH 16W 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH 21W T/C CORDUROY, 14W T/C CORDUROY, 14W
CONSTRUSTION 12X16 / 64X128 12X16 / 64X128 12X16 / 64X128 16X16 / 72X128 16X20 /44X134 21X21 / 51X134 40X40 / 77X177 42/2X32 / 58X150 CORD, 12X16+70D/ 40X140 CORD, 12X16+70D 40X140 CORD, 12X16+70D / 51X140 CORD, 16X16+70D / 51X134 CORD, 16X20+70D / 44X134 16X21+300D / 74X114 16X21+300D / 86X111
All the corduroys are done in reactive dyed, sulfur dyed , pigment dyed and also with printed item.
VELVET: COMPOSITION 100% CTN VELVET 100% CTN VELVET 100% CTN VELVET 100% CTN VELVET 100% CTN VELVET 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX VELVET
CONSTRUSTION 42/2+42/2X40 / 85X96 42/2+60/2X40 / 86X108 42/2+42/2X32 / 82X86 42/2+60/2X32 / 64X88 42/2+60/2X32 / 96X102 STRETCH 42/2+60/2X32+40D / 126X88
FLANNEL: COMPOSITION 100% CTN FLANNEL 100% CTN Y/D FLANNEL 100% CTN Y/D FLANNEL 100% CTN Y/D FLANNEL
CONSTRUSTION 20X10 / 40X42 21X10 / 48X42 21X21 / 64X54 32X32 / 100X70
SATEEN: COMPOSITION 100% CTN SATEEN 100% CTN SATEEN 100% CTN SATEEN 100% CTN SATEEN 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH SATIN 98% CTN 2% SPANDEX STRETCH SATIN
CONSTRUSTION 60X60 / 195X110 40X40 / 142X80 40X40 / 160X80 32X32 / 190X80 32X16+70D / 190X60 32X32+40D / 190X80
OTHERS: cOMPOSITION y/D OXFORD Y/D OXFORD Y/D CTN STRETCH CREPE Y/D CTN STRETCH CREPE Y/D CHAMBRAY Y/D CHAMBRAY Y/D CHAMBRAY TAFFETA TAFFETA
CONSTRUSTION 40+40X21/ 100X50 60X32 / 146X66 32X32+70D/ 80X68 32X32+70D/ 70X70 21X21 / 64X54 40X40 / 120X70 50X50 / 144X76 190 T 210 T
Fabric Consumption The quantity of fabrics, which is required to produce a garment, is called consumption.
There are two systems for making consumption. They are Making or marker planning system. Mathematical system. 1. Marker planning system: Through this system exact fabric consumption can get. In this system, if in the measurement sheet have six sizes like XS, S, M, L, XL, and XXL so following six pieces of six sizes can be sorted out from size range. Grading to the above garment as per measurement sheet can make thereafter paper pattern. Having made the paper pattern it should have to lay each parts of the paper pattern on a marker paper of similar fabric width. After making the paper pattern on a marker paper of similar fabric width. After making the paper pattern if we measure marker paper to length wise, we will find an aggregate consumption of six pieces garment. As such we will find a consumption of one dozen garments from the above system calculations. 2. Mathematical system: As in most cases buyer need instant price quotation so we have to approach this mathematical system for consumption. This system is a system of rough estimation. Consumption of a sample garment on a consumption as per measurement sheet is calculated mathematically by measuring the one length and width of each pieces of garments. Fabric consumption (Basic T-shirt, Trouser) and Thread consumption: It is very important for calculating the fabric consumption because the booking of fabrics is dependent on consumption. Mentioned that the accuracy of fabric and thread consumption can reduce the excess fabric which helps to reduce cost of fabric.
Consumption formulas: N o
01
No
02
Consumptio n type
Formula Formula in Centimeter: Fabric consumption (Body length + Sleeve length) × ( Chest × 2) × G.S.Μ Kg 1000 × 1000
Fabric consumption for Basic T- Formula in Inch: Shirt Fabric consumption (Body length + Slib length) × ( Chest × 2) × G.S.Μ Kg 1550 × 1000 Consumption type
Formula
Formula in Inch: Fabric (Front rise + Back rise) + Inseam length consumption for Fabric length = 2 Basic Trouser
=
=
Fabric width = Thai×4 ∴ Total Fabric
consumption
Fabric Length × Fabric width × G.S.M 1550 ×1000
=
Fabric consumption for Basic T-shirt Calculation – 01: Formula in Centimeter: Suppose one of T-shirt’s Body length (72+4) cm, Slib length (23+2) cm, Chest length (Dia) (53+2) cm and G.S.M 180. Determine the fabric consumption for the basic T-Shirt. Solution: Here,
Body Length = 76 cm Sleeve Length = 25 cm Chest Length = 55×2=110 cm (For both side)
Figure: A basic Trouser add his measurement We get,
(Body length + Sleeve length) × ( Chest × 2) × G.S.Μ Kg 1000 × 1000 Fabric consumption = (76 + 25)× (55 × 2) × 180 Kg 1000 × 1000 = 101×19800 Kg = 1000000 1999800 Kg = 1000000
= 0.19998 kg The amount of fabric is just for 1 piece. Generally 12 pieces are counted with one. ∴ Fabric consumption for 1 Dozen = 12×0.19998 kgs = 2.399 kgs
∴ Fabric consumption for 1 Dozen 2 kgs and 399 gms. Calculation – 02: Formula in Inch: Here,
Body Length Sleeve Length Chest Length G.S.M
= (28+ 1) inch = (9+1) inch = (21+1) inch =22 inch×2 = 44 inch = 180
According to formula,
(Body length + Sleeve length) × ( Chest ⋅ 2) × G.S.Μ Kg 1550 × 1000 Fabric consumption = (29 + 10)× (22 × 2) × 180 Kg 1550 × 1000 = 308880 Kg = 1550000
= 0.199920 kgs The amount of fabric is just for 1 piece. Generally 12 pieces are counted with one. = 12×0.199920kgs = 2.391 kgs
∴ Fabric consumption for 1 Dozen
∴ Fabric consumption for 1 Dozen 2 kgs and 391 gms. Fabric consumption for Basic Trouser: Calculation: Formula in Inch: Suppose one of Trouser’s Front rise (12.5+1) inch, Back rise (15.5+1) inch, Thai (Dia) (12+0.5) inch, In-seam (27+1) inch and G.S.M 180. Determine the fabric consumption for the basic Trouser. Solution: Here,
Front rise Back rise Thai (Dia) In-seam G.S.M
= (12.5+1) inch, = (15.5+1) inch = (12+0.5) inch = (26.5+1) inch = 180
Figure: A basic Trouser add his measurement According to formula-(Front rise + Back rise) + Inseam length 2 Fabric length = 13.50 + 16.50 + 27.50 2 = 30 + 27.50 = 2 = 15 + 27.50
= 42.50 inch
Fabric width = Thai×4 = 12.50×4 = 50 inch 42.50 ×50 ×180 ∴ Total Fabric consumption = 1550 ×1000 kg 382500 = 1550 ×1000
= 0.246774 kg The amount of fabric is just for 1 piece. Generally 12 pieces are counted with one. ∴ Fabric consumption for 1 Dozen = 12×0.246774kgs = 2.961 kgs
∴ Fabric consumption for 1 Dozen 2 kgs and 961 gms.
Thread Consumption for garments sewing:
Figure: A Double Needle and 1/8 Distance sewing.
Sewing Tread Consumption Chart (For Per Inch Basis) No Sewing machine type Consumption amount (Inch) 01 S/N Lock Stitch 3 02 D/N Lock Stitch 6 03 4 thread Over Lock 22 04 3 thread Over Lock 14 05 F/ L S/N chain stitch 8 06 F/L D/N 1/8 Distance 14 07 F/L D/N 1/4 Distance 18 08 F/L B/N Zigzag 1/4 Distance 30 09 F/L D/N Zigzag 1/8 Distance 20 10 3 thread O/L Blancet stitch 20 11 3 thread O/L Litus 20 12 Kansai S/N chain stitch 12 13 Pecoding Double Thread 24 14 Bartack 1 cm 12 15 Bartack 1.5(Distance) cm 18 16 BTN Hole ¾ knife 30 17 B/A 4 eye BTN (BTN=Button) 10 N#B: Stitch Per Inch = 11-12(According to buyer requirement. 1 m = 100cm 1 inch= 2.54 cm 1 m = 39.37 inch 1cm= 10mm 1 yard (Gauge) = 36 inch Pricing: Duration the fixation of woven / knit FOB price following notes are to be followed carefully: Cost of fabric / Dz. Garment.
Cost of accessories / Trimming per dozen garments. CMS cost of manufacturing. Cost of transportation from factory to seaport or airport. Clearing and forwarding cost. Overhead cost. Commission if any. Costing of Garments: Quoting of Price Negotiation of Price with Buyer and Confirmation of Order. Obtain Cost Approval from Competent authority before opening any BB L/C: show all the expenses and saving from the L/C. Planning of receiving Master L/C and opening of BB L/C: see the shipment schedule and production lead time and ask for master L/C accordingly, find out the priority of items and arrange BB L/C accordingly Preparation of Time & Action Calendar: Consider all the events of garments business and make time & action Calendar. Planning of Yarn Procurement (if having shipping mill): Cotton, Natural, Synthetic, Animal, Mineral, Combed/ Origin and count and denier of the yarn. Planning and Spinning: (Various yarn- count, left twist/right twist (S Twist/ Z Twist) Planning of Knitting: Dia, Gauge, Daily requirement, eglantine. Planning of Dyeing: Fabric requirement, dyeing type dyeing capacity, quality parameter, requirement of special chemicals, lab test requirement of buyer. Planning of Brushing & Allover Printing:(if fleece and allover printed gmts) Planning of Printing: Type of printing, daily requirement, printing capacity, lab test requirement. Restriction on use of chemical etc‌ Planning of Embroidery: Number of stitches on embroidery, Colors embroidery thread specification, AppliquÊ and attachment details.. Planning of Sampling: Proto sample GFE Counter sample, Fit sample, Size Set sample, Pre-production sample,
Lab-test Sample, Shipment sample, Photo sample, Salesman sample etc…etc Planning of Cutting: See the packing ratio, Consider requirement of printing and embroidery, Consider washing shrinkage / dimensional stability, Consider color combination…. Planning of Sewing: Consider the packing ratio, Size & color ratio for packing, Find out the requirement of production pre day to effect shipment on scheduled date. Planning of Washing: Consider the type of washing, Garments wastage in washing, Final GSM of fabric after wash. Planning of Finishing: Consider the size color ratio, Allocation of iron, Inspection people and folding personal as per packing requirement. Planning of Inspection: Know the inspection requirement of Buyer and plan all inspection accordingly one after another, know their AQL. Planning of for Lab- Testing: Know what all the lab- test fabric& garments in the undergo. Planning of Shipment and Transportation Report on performance Evaluation of Merchandiser in Handling the Order Final Costing to evaluation the earning with all details of expenses Comments on Buyer attitude in handling the orders Costing for inquires – we must make sure that we give a price to a customer within 48 Hours after receipt of all details. Pre-costing on orders – this could be your final costing on an order, once it’s confirmed. Post-costing – this is very important, to see whether the order is profitable or not. (All this will be in the system time to come, until then please do all costing in Excel). T&A (Time & Action Calendar):
T&A events should be filled and followed for each order, this is very important. Every week the Merchandising Manger should have a T&A meeting with his team. If you see an event sliding as per your T&A, then you should scream and let everyone know, since every day counts and finally it will affect the delivery. (This will be discussed in detail) Fabric & Trim Booking Charts: All fabric and trims booking & requirement charts should be done in Excel. By doing this you will be much faster and if you will not have to worry much about revisions, since the programmed will do the calculations for you when you enter the relevant information. Should be very neat and kept as simple as possible. A Merchandiser should be able to handle this by himself; the manager will get involved in this only when there is a problem. Always work on a cut-date, this is your deadline to get the material in, not the delivery date. (This will be discussed in detail) Sample Follow-up: The sample flow of a order should be followed by the merchandiser and he is totally responsible for it. Once again, you should stick to the T&A to make sure the samples are approved on the given time frame. On this a merchant has to be proactive, eg. If you see your 2nd fit is sliding, then you have to be ready with all the material you need to do the PP, so you can turn it around fast to save time. All sample comments has to be read by the merchant and should be discussed with the sample room in-charge before passing a copy. On this you have to work as a team, than passing the ball, since you know the order better than the sample room. (This should be discussed further) Shipment Follow-up and Recording: Shipment should be followed up till it reaches the customer, one have to make sure the documents are dispatched and payments are released to the vendors. It’s always better if one keep a recording of all shipment size/color wise with all detail, so it will be easy for reference. Shipment date on the T&A should be at least a week before the customers date, so you know that the order is safe. ** Will discuss this more‌ Once a order is placed: The merchandising manger should sign off the final costing and the T&A within 3 days. Then the Merchandiser will start to work on the order, he will book all fabric and trims and get going on the samples. On a average he will have around 30-35 days to have his fabric / trims in-house and to get the PP approved to start cutting. Then he will plan on his pilot run
and PP meeting for the style and go for production. Always make sure that the factory gets 35-40 days production time base on the capacity they offer merchandiser.
Section wise Quality Control: To ensure the Quality of the product, Quality control personnel have to control quality in different section/department in clothing industry, which are directly or indirectly with production.
Controlling areas are as follows: STORE: Inventory. Fabrics & others materials inspection. Material testing. Swatch board making. Cleanliness. Reporting. SAMPLE: Quality control personnel must check samples before
sending it to the buyer.
Important points to be checked: whether the samples are as per buyer’s specifications or not, such as, Style, Deception, Sketch, Measurement Sheet, Photograph etc. and workmanship has to be checked with reference sample or related documents provided by the buyer. Report to be submitted to the Merchandiser as well as to the superior. CUTTING SECTION: A) Pattern Marker: Pattern & marker must be checked by the quality Control personnel check points are as follows. 1) Measurement 2) Gradation 3) Allowances 4) Pattern parts missing 5) Mixed parts 6) Pattern Shape 7) Direction of pattern in the marker 8) Pattern alignment with respect to the grain line 9) Poor line marketing 10) Marker too wide than fabric width 11) Notches & Drill marks omitted 12) Mismatch checks & strips 13) Overlapping 14) Too thick liner or double line marking 15) Invisible line marking B) Spreading: During spreading following points to be checked: Fabric relaxation Incorrect tension of plies Wrong direction of plies Unacceptable damages found Mismatching of checks and strips Narrow fabric Shaded fabric
Misalignment of plies. C) Cutting: During cutting following points should be checked: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)
Inaccurate cutting Notches- Misplaced, too deep, angled, omitted or wrong type Drill marks wrong drills, omitted angled Knife cut- Garment parts damaged by careless use of knife Frayed edges, scorched or fused edges caused by a faulty knife Slits opened inaccurately or omitted.
D) Others: 1) Bundling with bundle card 2) Numbering 3) Cut panel checking 4) Wrong size in the bundle 5) Fused parts checking 6) Cleanliness 7) Proper raking/ storing 8) Proper issuing 9) Proper test cutting then bulk cutting 10) Reporting SEWING SECTION: Quality control systems for sewing section: there are some systems are in practice in the swing floor are as follows. Traditional systems JC penny systems Traffic light system SPC. B) In line checking criteria: During construction of garments the processes/ components must be checked in the line as follows: As per- production meeting some critical process to be checked specially in the swing line. Each & every process must be checked Auditing/ Monitoring Cleanliness (in the line & workplace) Reporting C) End-line checking criteria: After Completion of the Garment in the swing line, it has to be checked further at the end of the line: Inspection will check all process of a garment; sample may be picked Randomly or 100%. Reporting. D)
Others:
Storing Transportation section-to section or section to section
Proper machine Maintenance Proper attachments etc Cleanliness (floor/ inline, workplace) E) Points to be considered: points to be considered during controlling quality in the swing line are as follows: In line inspection should be performed at the workplace Inspection ratio in the line depends on the system being implemented in the line As per JC Penney system, one inspection for 30 operations. Finishing Section: This is the final section to make the product saleable condition & the finishing processes should be controlled to achieve the quality target. For wash garments 100% check is required after receiving the garments from the washing plant. Defective garments should be checking’s are as follows: Iron / press Folding Tagging / sticking Packing Audit: Audit can be performed in the swing floor as will as in the finishing section or whatever required. Function of Lab Section Test carried out and reporting Bulk fabric hanger approval and distributing to merchandiser and factory Lab dip approval and comments forward to factory Color standard provide to factory for lab dipping or yarn dipping Machine list in lab section M/C name Wascator Accudry Washtec-P Carbolite Crock meter GSM cutter Over lock M/C Water deionizer Ultra Test Light box
Brand name James H. Heal & co.Ltd James H. Heal & co.Ltd Roaches International Ltd Roaches International Ltd SDL International Ltd SDL International Ltd JUKI ELGA Mecmesin VeriVide
Origin England England England England USA USA Japan England England England
Name of the test list: Araf apparels lab can do the below Physical and & color fastness test for M&S. Physical test i) Stability washes
ii) Measurement of spirality iii) Stability washes for wide trims iv) Stability washes for narrow trims v) Durability washes for Garments vi) Weight per square meter vii) Wascator label washes viii) Iron ability ix) Security attachment to garments –test to failure x) Security attachment to poppers –test to failure xi) Assessment of non iron fabric xii) Assessment of non iron garments and products Color fastness test .i) C/F to washing ii) C/F to water iii) C/F to Rubbing iv) C/F to perspiration v) C/F oxidative bleach damage vi) C/F to hydrolysis of reactive dyes vii) Salt water corrosion resistance Management: QA Allocation should be customer wise, so they take over a order at a early stage and work together with the merchant for sometime at pre-production stage. Should have a production meeting every week, so matters on all running production and problems could be discussed in open. It’s a must that merchandisers visit their factories. Merchandiser should attend PP meetings. Close co-ordination with the samples room. Weekly holiday and punctuality. Information System. Export Procedure Seller and buyer conclude a sales contract , with method of payment usually by letter of credit (documentary credit). Buyer applies to his bank, usually in Buyer’s country, for letter of credit in favir of seller (beneficiary). Issuing bank requests another bank, usually a correspondent bank in seller’s country, to advise and usually to confirm the credit. Advising bank, usually in seller’s country forwards letter of credit to seller informing about the terms and conditions of credit. If credits terms and conditions confirmed to sales contract, seller prepares goods and documentation, and arranges delivery of goods to carrier. Seller presents documents evidencing the shipment and draft (Bill of Exchange) to paying, accepting or negotiating bank named in the credit (the advising bank usually), or any bank willing to negotiate under the terms of credit. Bank examines the documents and draft for compliance with credit terms. If complied with, Bank will pay, accep or negotiate. Bank, if other than the issuing bank, sends the documents and drafts to the issuing bank.
Bank examines the documents and draft for compliance with credit terms. If complied with, Seller’s draft is honored. Documents release to buyer after payment or on other terms agreed between the bank and Buyer. Buyer surrenders bill of lading to carrier (in case of ocean freight) in exchange for the goods or the delivery order. Buyer (Importer)
(1) Contract of Sale (Exporter) (5) Delivery of Goods
Seller
(2) (8) (4) Letter of Request Documents & Delivered to provide Claim for credit payment
(6) Documents Presented
Credit
Importer’s Bank (7) Documents Presented to Issuing Bank (Issuing Bank) (9)Payment Correspondent (3 Credit Sent to Correspondent Bank [Figure- Letter of Credit procedure] Sequence of Final Inspection of Garments: Packing list verify / compare with PO sheet Determine lot size Select inspection severity level & sampling plan Inspection preparation Carton checking Carton selection Packing & packaging check Sample selection (sample picking) Sample (Garments) checking Measurement checking Records of defects /defectives / non conformances Tabulation & evaluate results Defective sample draw for reference Carton fill up Sticker & signature Reporting. Terminology: International Commercial Terms International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in 1936 and since then have been updated in 1953,1967,1976,1980,1990 and 2000. The basic purpose of Incoterms is to clarify how functions, costs and risks are split between the buyer and seller in connection with the delivery of the goods as required by the sales contract. Delivery, risks and costs known as critical points. INCOTERMS classified into four groups. These are-
International Commercial Terms
(INCOTERM S)
GROUPTERMS
STANDS FOR
E
EXW
Ex Works
F
FCA FAS FOB
Free Carrier Free alongside Ship Freight On Board
C
CFR CIF CPT CIP
Cost and freight Cost Insurance and Freight Carriage Paid to Carriage and Insurance paid to
D
DAF DES DEQ DDU DDP
Delivered at frontier Delivered Ex Ship Delivered Ex Quay Delivered Duty Unpaid Delivered Duty Paid
Conclusion
Senior Project program send us to the expected destiny of practical life. The completion of project work at BEXTEX LIMITED we have got the enough knowledge about apparel merchandising in Bangladesh. Thus it is a great experience, we think we apply this technical and business knowledge in our future service life. During our senior project program we had tried to our best to done our duty. It is completely a new experience in our life. Although we had some barrier during project, but lastly we recover it and which will be very effective in our service life. During our project period we realized that practical experience is valuable for service life.