Changing lives—closer to home

Every day, 280 Australians develop diabetes (85% of which is type 2 diabetes). According to Diabetes Australia, the total annual cost impact of diabetes in Australia is $14.6 billion.

Complications from diabetes can include blindness, amputations, and cardiovascular disease—Australia’s number one killer.

These complications can take an enormous toll on people and their carers, impacting ability to live well and participate in their communities. With rates of type 2 diabetes increasing, in 2017 Eastern Melbourne Primary Health Network (EMPHN) considered initiatives that could evolve and be expanded to areas within our community that had high rates of type 2 diabetes.

Changing how services are delivered

The Integrated Diabetes Education and Assessment Service was developed by Carrington Health and Eastern Health’s Endocrinology Department in 2008.

IDEAS aims to provide effective, integrated, team-based multidisciplinary diabetes care, as well as providing a response to existing and pending financial pressures and increasing waitlists for hospital diabetes services.

Eastern Health’s Professor Chris Gilfillan said there is an imperative to treat people in a community rather than hospital setting, closer to home, with a care team they can build rapport with. >

‘The specialised care team at IDEAS aims to support people to better manage their diabetes, prevent complications and reduce the need for hospitalisation. It’s an example of how partnerships can change the way services have historically been delivered, diverting care from an outpatient to a community-based service that’s effective and accessible’, he said.

The IDEAS team includes:

• Eastern Health endocrinologists (doctors who specialise in diabetes care)

• diabetes nurse educators

• community health nurses

• podiatrists

• referrals to dietitians and other group programs and health services.

The team coordinates care in a seamless and continuous manner, using a person-centred approach to tailor healthcare to individual needs.

IDEAS uses:

• standardised risk assessment tools to direct people with diabetes to the most appropriate setting for care, with many people redirected into IDEAS within the community (it may also involve escalation of care from the community into Eastern Health)

• a common assessment form used by all team members, including the short form of the PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes—a standardised and validated tool)

• a common care plan to document the person’s goals, the practitioners involved in their care, and progress towards their goals.

With funding from the Australian Government under the PHN program, EMPHN supported the expansion of IDEAS to six community health organisations, including Carrington Health, EACH (Eastern Access Community Health), Access Health and Community, Eastern Health and Inspiro.

A successful model

A pilot study evaluating the IDEAS model of care showed participants attending IDEAS rated the quality of diabetes care they received more highly than did participants attending the hospital outpatient clinics.

In particular, IDEAS participants perceived they received more consistent advice from their health professionals, and found it easier to make appointments (and therefore gain access to their health professionals) than did hospital participants.

Previous research has shown that people with diabetes have strong views about what constitutes quality diabetes care, and that positive evaluations of quality of care are associated with improved diabetes outcomes such as fewer treatment-related problems and diabetes complications.

Outcomes from IDEAS include:

• IDEAS operating within three acute/subacute settings at six community health service sites

• 1194 referrals received—737 from GPs, and 1170 individuals seen (since expansion)

• mean reduction in HbA1c of 1.16 percentage points (overall picture of average blood sugar levels over a period of weeks/months) after six months for people starting with HbA1c greater than 7%—demonstrating that IDEAS is effective at supporting people to manage and lower their blood sugar levels

• 94.2% of people reported good, very good or excellent experiences with IDEAS

• reduction in levels of diabetes distress

• improved sense of self-efficacy

• IDEAS attendance delayed median time to readmission for people admitted from 85 to 260 days.

According to Carina Martin (General Manager Partnerships and Service Development, Carrington Health), fostering engagement with the service, and ensuring people with diabetes have a positive experience, need to be priorities in diabetes healthcare.

‘It’s important for people to be involved in decisions about their health—it makes a real difference to people changing their lifestyle and managing their diabetes’, she said.

Positive experiences

Developing and improving the service in response to client experience has been key.

Although IDEAS involves specialist care and monitoring, many service users talk about understanding what they need to do to avoid complications and feel confident in managing their diabetes—for example, through care plans:

‘The dietitian asked me questions and then I wrote down what I was going to do on the care plan. We did it together and I did feel that it was my care plan—I felt some ownership of it.’

People attending IDEAS report being engaged with the service—they feel supported, see their role in managing their condition, make (multiple) behaviour changes, and have lower levels of worry and higher levels of satisfaction through being listened to and involved in decisions.

‘I worry less because they help me solve issues, provide reassurance and give me hope. I am making much better choices.

‘They have also referred me to other services such as the psychologist that has really helped me deal with anxiety and depression'