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The innovations transforming our driving world
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LOSE THE BLUE WHEELS… The first production ID will be a Golf-sized hatchback, launched at the same time as the nextgeneration Golf. Expect roughly similar price and performance, but Passat-level cabin space, taking advantage of the lack of ICE engine and transmission.
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MAXIMUM MODULARITY Diferent batteries and diferent motors can be slotted in relatively easily, and diferent bodies put on top. Basic ID hatch has motor in the back, nestling among multi-link suspension, and rear-wheel drive. SUV will have an additional motor – positioned with the heating system under the front bonnet – and allwheel drive.
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THE TRANSITION HAS BEGUN The first-generation ID, built on the new MEB platform, will be made alongside the eighthgeneration Golf, using the MQB platform. Petrol, diesel and electric will all be constructed under one roof. Transition could take more than one generation.
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THE GREAT UNKNOWN VW is on a steep learning curve with lithium-ion batteries: it’s not only developing them but also massproducing them. Each has around 2500 components when connectors, cooling and management systems are included. For Euro-built cars, battery production is concentrated at Braunschweig, able to make 500k a year.
Countdown to the big plug-in: just one year to go With its all-electric ID range set to be revealed before the end of 2019, VW reveals the hardware that will underpin 10 million cars. By Ian Adcock
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UNDER THE SKIN, IT’S STILL BIG LUMPS OF METAL The steel MEB platform underpinning the first VW ID EVs positions the battery packs under the floor, and has a relatively long wheelbase and minimal overhangs. Combined with the absence of engine and conventional transmission, that provides a roomy cabin, albeit one with seats positioned high.
HE ELECTRIC ID brand is as significant to VW as the Beetle was in 1945 and the original Golf in 1974. In their different ways, they transformed the company. Can ID do the same at a time when VW is still being buffeted by the aftershocks of Dieselgate? This is a revolution in vehicle design and manufacture that’s about to get very real, with VW committed to putting its first production ID on sale in 2020 for the price of a decent Golf diesel. While VW isn’t dropping petrol and diesel just yet, its investment in electrification is vast; there’s no turning back now. The only question is how long the electric and internal-combustion product lines will co-exist. The £5.3bn proThe MEB gramme includes £1.1bn at its Braunplatform will schweig, Salzgitter and Kassel sites, with a further £1bn at Zwickau. That investbe used in 27 ment in production capacity is necessary VW Group because VW expects to be building electric 100,000 ID models in 2020, rising to 10 vehicles by times that in 2025. Key to the programme, which will see 2022 the roll-out of 27 EV models from Seat, Skoda, Audi and VW worldwide by 2022, is its modular electric drive matrix or MEB platform. ‘This is the world’s first platform dedicated to electrification,’ Christian Senger, head of the e-mobility product line, told CAR. The hatch displayed at the ID brand’s launch is the size of a Golf but with the interior space of a Passat – a crucial advantage of electric propulsion. ‘Each of the ID models, which will range from A-segment through to a saloon, SUV and a seven-seater, will have the interior space of the class above,’ explained Andreas Köhler of the MEB’s electronic project management team. With an anticipated 10 million vehicle sales across all VW Group brands during the first wave of electrification, there’s been considerable focus on component sharing and cost cutting. The use of an all-steel platform will help; it’s far cheaper than a lightweight aluminium alternative. But the big cost November 2018 | CARMAGA ZINE.CO.UK 25
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LIVING WITH AN ID VW has a three-pronged charging strategy. Every European dealer will get at least three charging points (7.2, 11 and 125kW). Customers can buy a domestic 11kW charger. And VW is part of the Ionity project to open 400 public charging sites across Europe in 2020.
challenge will be in the less familiar area of battery costs. As VW makes the transition from internal combustion to electrification, it needs to not only master the use of batteries but secure a reliable, cost-effective supply of the raw materials, while being on the lookout for technical advances. Said Senger: ‘Today 40 per cent of an EV’s cost is the battery and while the cost of components like electric motors and power electronics has halved we won’t achieve cost parity until 2025, not before. We have to reduce battery costs but in the meantime reduce complexity by simplifying the architecture is a move in the right direction.’ Like the MEB, the battery pack is modular. According to the new WLTP assessment, the entry-level battery will offer 200 miles of range. The next step up is around 270 miles. A third, yet to be confirmed, is expected to hold enough charge to offer a 340-mile range. Initially, the entry hatch in 2020 will only get the middle-sized battery, expected to be 48kW/h; the most powerful is likely to debut in an SUV. The lithium-ion batteries are still undergoing development, according to Dr Armin Modlinger, responsible for developing cell technology for all the VW brands; he’s based at the pilot line for battery cell production being built in Salzgitter. VW is using both prismatic and pouch cells for the most efficient packaging and easier handling. ‘We need to increase the energy density to improve range by adding more nickel to the cathode and silicon to the anode,’ he said.
Concepts show a possible MEB family: from left, ID, ID Crozz, ID Vizzion and ID Buzz
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Crucially, because the ID range will be built on a global scale, including the USA and China, the batteries are ‘cell agnostic’ – able to accommodate locally produced cells. According to Modlinger, solid state batteries – with their improved safety and higher energy density – are not likely to appear until the end of the 2020s. ID is not just about electrification. When the first production ID is launched, it will be the first VW to be permanently connected to the cloud via 4G, and it is being future-proofed for 5G. VW has developed a completely new end-to-end electronics architecture, branded E3, together with the new vw.OS operating system allowing the car’s software to be remotely updated. A trio of separate application servers control ID is not just various functions on the car: an infotainment an EV – it will server for third-party apps; an autonomous driving server; and a third server that is only accessibe the first VW ble via VW’s digital platform. permanently VW is part of the Ionity partnership with connected to Daimler, BMW and Ford, which plans to open the cloud via 400 charging sites with an average of six charge points per site across Europe in 2020; as demand 4G, then 5G and technology evolve, these will be able to charge at up to 350kW and 920 volts. Senger dismissed concerns about battery recycling and the prospect of a dead li-ion battery mountain, revealing that VW is working with both universities and industry to develop recycling processes that will recover 97 per cent of the batteries’ chemicals, although that is unlikely to emerge before 2025 when there are sufficient EVs on the road to make it financially viable. ‘Before then we could just replace any cells that fail and rebalance the battery or remove the battery and use it for stationary storage – there will be a huge market for this as the pricing is higher than in the automotive value chain.’ Credit where it’s due: hasn’t VW been forced into this by Elon Musk and Tesla?’ Senger says: ‘Tesla proved that people like EVs and that it’s not just about being CO2 compliant. If Model 3 had been on time – yes, that would have been a serious threat.’